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Tartalom 1. Alapok s eszkzk .......................................................................................................... 7

1.1. Bevezet ............................................................................................................... 7 1.1.2. Mi a fizikai szmtstechnika? ....................................................................... 7

1.2. Elektronikai alapok ............................................................................................... 8

1.2.2. Az ltalunk hasznlt eszkzk ....................................................................... 8 1.2.3. Mrtkegysgek s fogalmak ....................................................................... 13

2. Soros s prhuzamos kts; Kapcsol, rel; A kondenztor s a teljestmny fogalma; ........................................................................................................................ 34

2.1. Alkatrszek soros s prhuzamos bektse ........................................................ 34 2.1.1. Ellenllsok .................................................................................................. 34 2.1.2. ramforrsok ............................................................................................... 36 2.1.3. LED-ek ......................................................................................................... 37

2.2. Kapcsol s rel mkdse ................................................................................. 39 2.3. A kondenztor mkdse ................................................................................... 47 2.4. A tranzisztor mkdse ...................................................................................... 51

2.4.1. Oszcilltor ptse ........................................................................................ 53 3. A forraszts menete s eszkzei .................................................................................... 62 4. Jtkokbl nyert szenzorok s piezo rzkel ............................................................. 81

4.1. Low tech szenzorok s aktutorok ...................................................................... 81 4.1.1. sszetett rendszerek ptse ......................................................................... 82 4.1.2. Egyedi jtkok s szerkentyk belseje ......................................................... 87

4.2. Ksztsnk kontakt mikrofont piezo szenzorbl .............................................. 103 5. Logikai kapuk .............................................................................................................. 111

5.1. Integrlt ramkrk .......................................................................................... 111 5.1.1. Kettes szmrendszer ................................................................................... 113 5.1.2. Logikai kapuk, logikai fggvnyek ............................................................ 113 5.1.3. Az alkatrszszm leolvassa ...................................................................... 116 5.1.4. Logikai ramkrk sszeraksa ................................................................. 117

6. Bevezets az Arduino vilgba ................................................................................... 134 6.1. A programozs alapja ....................................................................................... 134

6.1.1. Defincik ................................................................................................... 134 6.1.2. Tervezs ..................................................................................................... 135 6.1.3. Vezrlsi szerkezetek ................................................................................. 137 6.1.4. Adatszerkezetek ......................................................................................... 140 6.1.5. Fggvnyek ................................................................................................ 140

6.2. Mi az Arduino? ................................................................................................. 141

6.3. Arduino Duemilanove rszei ............................................................................ 142 6.3.1. Mi a klnbsg az analg s a digitlis jel kztt? .................................... 144

6.4. Arduino fejlesztkrnyezet teleptse .............................................................. 145 6.5. Programozs: szksges minimum kd ............................................................ 152 6.6. Digitlis pinek hasznlata ................................................................................. 153

4 Fizikai szmtstechnika: elektronikai alapok s Arduino programozs

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6.6.1. LED villogtatsa, kiolvass digitlis pinbl .............................................. 153 6.6.2. Nyomgomb hasznlata, kirs digitlis pinre ........................................... 155

6.7. Analg pinek hasznlata ................................................................................... 157 6.7.1. Potmter hasznlata, kiolvass analg pinbl ............................................ 157 6.7.2. Analg jel feszltsg rtknek kirsa serial monitoron .......................... 159

6.8. Impulzus-szlessg modulci ......................................................................... 160 6.8.1. PWM pinek mkdse ............................................................................... 160 6.8.2. LED fnyerejnek szablyozsa PWM-mel .............................................. 161

7. Pldk digitlis pinekhez ............................................................................................ 164 7.1. LED villogtatsa delay() nlkl ....................................................................... 164 7.2. Nyomgomb LED-del ...................................................................................... 166 7.3. Ksleltets (debounce) ..................................................................................... 168 7.4. Nyomgombos szmll .................................................................................. 170 7.5. Pinek beptett felhz ellenllsa ................................................................... 172 7.6. Dallam lejtszsa tone() fggvnnyel .............................................................. 173 7.7. Generlt hajlts lejtszsa tone() fggvnnyel ................................................ 178 7.8. Analg billentyzet tone() fggvnnyel ........................................................... 181 7.9. Hang lejtszsa tbb kimeneten tone() fggvnnyel ........................................ 184

8. Pldk analg pinekhez .............................................................................................. 187 8.1. Analg bemenet kiolvassa .............................................................................. 187 8.2. Analg bemenettel vezrelt PWM ................................................................... 188 8.3. Analg szenzor kalibrlsa ............................................................................... 191 8.4. LED fnyerejnek szablyozsa PWM-mel ..................................................... 193 8.5. Simts .............................................................................................................. 195

9. Soros kommunikci ................................................................................................... 198 9.1. Adattvitel PC-rl Arduinora ........................................................................... 202

9.1.1. Soros adat kldse Processing segtsgvel ............................................... 204 9.1.2. Soros adat kldse Max/MSP segtsgvel ................................................ 206 9.1.3. Vezrls karakterekkel ............................................................................... 206 9.1.4. Switch felttel hasznlata soros kommunikciban .................................. 210

9.2. Adattvitel Arduinorl PC-re ........................................................................... 212 9.2.1. Adatok grafikus brzolsa Processing segtsgvel ................................. 214 9.2.2. Adatok grafikus brzolsa Max/MSP segtsgvel .................................. 217 9.2.3. Tbb fggetlen adat tvitele ....................................................................... 218

9.3. Ktirny kapcsolat meghvs s vlasz ....................................................... 222 9.3.1. Handshaking mdszer Processing oldalrl ................................................ 224 9.3.2. Handshaking mdszer Max/MSP oldalrl ................................................. 227

10. Vezrl struktrk .................................................................................................... 228 10.1. If llts ........................................................................................................... 228 10.2. For ciklus ........................................................................................................ 230 10.3. Tmbk .......................................................................................................... 232 10.4. While ciklus .................................................................................................... 234 10.5. Switch utasts szenzor kiolvasssal .............................................................. 237 10.6. Switch utasts soros bemenettel .................................................................... 239

Tartalom 5

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11. Szenzorok, motorok ................................................................................................... 242 11.1. ADXL3xx gyorsulsmr ............................................................................... 242 11.2. Piezo szenzor .................................................................................................. 247 11.3. Ultrahangos tvolsgszenzor .......................................................................... 250 11.4. Sharp infravrs tvolsgszenzor ................................................................... 252 11.5. Motorok fajti s mkdse ........................................................................... 254

11.5.1. Az elektromgneses mez ........................................................................ 254 11.5.2. Az elektromgneses indukci................................................................... 255 11.5.3. Egyenram villanymotor ........................................................................ 256

11.6. Egyenram villanymotor vezrlse H-hddal ............................................... 258 12. Mveletek karakterlncokkal .................................................................................. 263

12.1. Karaktertmbk .............................................................................................. 263 12.2. A string osztly pldnyai .............................................................................. 264

12.2.1. String osztly tovbbi fggvnyei ............................................................ 265 13. Kommunikcis knyvtrak .................................................................................... 276

13.1. Knyvtrak szerkezete .................................................................................... 276 13.2. SoftwareSerial knyvtr ................................................................................. 279 13.3. Firmata knyvtr ............................................................................................. 285

13.3.1. StandardFirmata hasznlata Processingbl .............................................. 290 13.3.2. StandardFirmata hasznlata Max/MSP-vel .............................................. 291

13. 4. Wire knyvtr ................................................................................................ 292 13. 5. SPI knyvtr .................................................................................................. 299 13. 6. Ethernet knyvtr .......................................................................................... 305

13.6.1. Ethernet osztly ........................................................................................ 307 13.6.2. IPAddress osztly ..................................................................................... 308 13.6.3. Server osztly ........................................................................................... 309 13.6.4. Client osztly ............................................................................................ 311 13.6.5. EthernetUDP osztly ................................................................................ 313

14. Knyvtrak hasznos eszkzkhz (httrtr, kijelz, motorok, programoz) .... 317 14.1. EEPROM knyvtr ......................................................................................... 317 14.2. LiquidCrystal knyvtr ................................................................................... 319 14.3. Servo knyvtr ................................................................................................ 328 14.4. Stepper Motor knyvtr .................................................................................. 332

14.4.1. Unipolris lptetmotorok........................................................................ 333 14.4.2. Bipolris lptetmotorok .......................................................................... 335 14.4.3. A stepper motor knyvtr hasznlata ....................................................... 337 14.4.4. A stepper motor knyvtr fggvnyei ...................................................... 340

14.5. Arduino, mint ISP ........................................................................................... 341 14.5.1. Arduino programozsa Arduinoval .......................................................... 342 14.5.2. ATmega mikrokontroller programozsa Arduinoval ............................... 342

Szintaxis Gyjtemny ...................................................................................................... 344 SZERKEZETEK ..................................................................................................... 344

Vezrlsi szerkezetek ........................................................................................... 344 Tovbbi szintaxisok.............................................................................................. 349

6 Fizikai szmtstechnika: elektronikai alapok s Arduino programozs

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sszehasonlt opertorok ................................................................................... 351 Aritmetikai opertorok ......................................................................................... 351 Boolean / logikai opertorok ................................................................................ 352 Pointerek .............................................................................................................. 353 Bitenknti opertorok ........................................................................................... 353 Lptet s bitenknti opertorok .......................................................................... 356

ADAT TPUSOK .................................................................................................... 358 llandk ............................................................................................................... 358 Adattpusok .......................................................................................................... 361 Tpusmdostk .................................................................................................... 372 Tpusminstk .................................................................................................... 373 Alaptpus .............................................................................................................. 375

FGGVNYEK ...................................................................................................... 375 Digitlis be-/kimenetek ........................................................................................ 375 Analg be-/kimenetek .......................................................................................... 376 Halad szint be-/kimenetek ................................................................................ 377 Id ........................................................................................................................ 379 Matematika .......................................................................................................... 380

Trigonometria ...................................................................................................... 382 Random szmok ................................................................................................... 383 Bitek s byte-ok ................................................................................................... 383 Soros port kommunikci .................................................................................... 385