Infokom. 8. ea 2013. nov. 4. 1

Infokommunikációs rendszerek8. előadás

MagánhálózatokPrivate networks

Takács György

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Zárthelyi 2013. november 11. 915-1015

• Téma: Az első 8 előadás teljes anyaga• Angol nyelvű olvasható válaszokkal• 10 kérdés• Több csoport• Utána szünet és előadás (ADSL)• Előző évek kérdései és (sokszor téves) válaszai

az interneten fellelhetők• Elégséges szint 50+ százalék• Pótzárthelyi utolsó héten

• Könnyű lehallgatni egy mobil telefonhívást?

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Radio transmission media characteristics(3. előadás 3. dia másolata)

• Transmission parameters (path loss, delay, fading, radio interferences)

• Reliability and availability - equipment and propagation parameters (lightning, snow, rain, fog, smoke)

• Openness – interferences - privacy

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6. előadás66. dia másolata

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Private networks

• Closed User Group, Special Purpose network• Railway, transport, pipeline, fleet• Water management• Energy systems• Emergency services• Police networks• Military networks• Government networks• Company-wide networks (MOL, OTP)• Global Company Networks (Coca Cola)• Seat Reservation Networks (SITA)• Insurrance companies, Retail Chains (e.g. TESCO)….

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Common features of private networks

• Internal numbering schemes, addressing system• Strictly regulated gateway function for

interconnection to other (public) networks• The transmission part of networks might be

leased line or own connection (radio)• The multiplexing, switching, management,

authentication processes are private functions• Task oriented service quality parameters

(reliability, usability, error rate, response time, redundancy, backup time …)

• Separated frequency management („governmental” use)

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Eexamples of private networks

• Hungarnet -- for research and academic community in Hungary

• Pázmány CU is one of the members• Governmental support (?)• Part of EU GEANT project• The transmission part is set of leased dark fibre

connections• The switching and operation function in the hand

of HUNGARNET• www.iif.hu• www.hungarnet.hu

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A HBONE gerinc 2005. június 10-én

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38. Pázmány P. Katolikus Egyetem Jog- és Államtudományi Kar, Szentkirályi u. 28.

1. NIIF központ, Victor Hugo u., XIII

69. Pázmány P. Katolikus Egyetem ITK, Práter u.

Fővárosi nagysebességű kapcsolatok

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GÉANT2The world-leading researchandeducation network for Europe.

2013

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GÉANT's next generation terabit networkFuture-proofing the GÉANT network to 2020GÉANT announced in May 2012 a major investment to support capacity of up to 2Tbps across its core network. This page will provide regular updates on the status of the rollout of that network, and further information on the equipment and suppliers behind the new network.Technical BriefingThe core Transmission Network is built on the back of the Infinera DTN-X solution - a mix of the “XTC” (Add Drop multiplexer) and “OTC” (Optical Line Amplifiers) utilising EDFA/ RAMAN Amplifiers.A 5Tb switch solution employs the latest PIC (Photonic Integrated Circuits) 500Gb line cards and allows 100Gb Client interfaces. The New Network is SONET, SDH, OTN and Ethernet compliant with full mesh restoration using the GMPLS.

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Over the build period (ending July 2013), the new network will have:12,000 km of fibre connectivity (24,000 km of actual fibre, equating to halfway round the world).16 New PoP (Points of Presence) sites will be built.127 New OLA (Optical Line Amplifier) sites will be built.

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NIIF VoIP hálózat

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Csatlakozott intézmények a térképen

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The outlook of this building probably will be similar in 100 years.In 10years the educated topics will be quite different!

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• The ICT is not the part of the building, but topic of the education program.

• We need a building, that capable to implement any kind of new technologies.

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Nice configuration of light items in the corridor…..New optical fibres can be implemented in the duct system without disturbing the outlook.

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Planning principles

• 500 computers and 100 telephone in the networks,

• Fast, error free and reliable operation,

• Ready system for any new technologies,

• Popular test bed for system suppliers,

• No disturbing in outlook!

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Consequences

• Robust, multi-path external connections, meshed topology, load sharing operation

• Copper, optical, radio technologies in internal and external links

• Over dimensioned and accessible duct system

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Optical connections with copper backup

Copper pairs

GSM

Rádio links

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Arrays of computers

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PC controlled measuring equipment

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Ducts for further cabeling

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Free capacity in the ducts systems

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Basic issues in prvate network planning

• Existing or new building • Single site or separated sites• Integrated or dedicated networks• Selecting of the transport technologies (optical, copper

or radio)• Design of the network topology (star, meshed……)• Optimal placing and dimensioning of nodes• Duct system planning

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Existing or new building

• The lifetime of the building is minimum 100 years.

• The lifetime of a network technology is about 10 years.

• The capacity demand is permanently increasing.• The physical place of the duct system is defined

by the building construction.• Critical places are: vertical ducts, backbone

parts, distribution frames.• Further critical issues: powering, climatic system

capacities, uninterrupted powering

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Multiple site networks

• Multi site systems need standardised interfaces (physical, protocol and signalling)

• Interconnection links are usually leased lines. Managed leased links and spare capacities can provide the required reliability. Spared links might be switched connections.

• Independent path or technology (radio or wired) can improve availability.

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Integrated or dedicated networks

• The terminals might be computers, TV-sets, mobile phones radio sets or universal devices like the smartphones.

• Popular solution is a unified access like a structured network.

• The structured network has vertical and horisontal links. The interconnection points are in distribution frames.

• Radio based access fits well to the structured systems.

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Technology selection

• In one optical fibre in one wavelength window can be transported 10 Gbit/s

• In a UTP cable up to 100m can be transported 10 Gbit/s

• A WIFI access point can transport 300Mbit/s

• Transport technology standards are in IEEE 802.3 series

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Selection based on price figures

• 1 m UTP CAT6 takes about 0,5$, easy to install, one port takes about 5$

• 1 m optical cable takes about 1 $, installation require special tools and skills, one port takes about 200 $.

• UTP cables can be install easily in new ducts.• Optical cables can be installed (e. g. by compressed air

into existing holes, ducts)• WIFI access points takes about 40$• The prices are decreasing!

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Topology selection

• The basic form is the star topology in the horizontal part.

• The physical place of star nodes is price sensitive.

• The meshed horizontal is advised in the case of high reliability.

• The multiple connection to outside (public) networks can improve the availability.

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Dimensioning of nodes

• A small (16-20 port switch) takes about 100$. – and this is equal to the price of 200m UTP cable!

• A new node in a room is economical in the case of 20 terminals, if the nearest existing node distance is more then 10 m.

• The usual port number of active devices are 5-8-16-20-40. Their price is decreasing.

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Placing and dimensioning of ducts

• Careful laying and installation is required. The radius of turning is defined. The fixing of cables must be soft.

• The ducts of structured cables must be well separated from the powering cabling. Careful grounding is required for safety reasons and to reduce interferences.

• Spare capacity in the ducts must be minimum 50%!

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IEEE P802.3an (10GBASE-T) Task Force

On June 8, 2006, the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board approved IEEE P802.3an.  As per IEEE-SA copyright requirements, the password for the private area has been changed.  As of September 1, 2006, IEEE Std. 802.3anTM-2006 is available for purchase from the IEEE Store.  In March 2007, the standard will be available via the Get IEEE 802® program.Thank you,Brad BoothChair, IEEE P802.3an Task Force

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100 Gbit/s Ethernet

• 802.3ba is the designation given to the higher speed Ethernet task force which completed its work to modify the 802.3 standard to support speeds higher than 10 Gbit/s in 2010.

• The speeds chosen by 802.3ba were 40 and 100 Gbit/s to support both end-point and link aggregation needs.

• The decision to include both speeds came from pressure to support the 40 Gbit/s rate for local server applications and the 100 Gbit/s rate for internet backbones.

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Ethernet consists of layer 1 and 2 of the OSI model

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PHYsical layer device

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10 GbE standards

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10Gb optical choices

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IEEE 802 10GBASE- T

• • What is 10GBASE-T?• – It’s a New 10GE PHY• • Where are the 10GBASE-T applications?• – Initially in the Data Center, but also the

Horizontal• • Who will implement 10GBASE-T products?• – Both Server and System Vendors (for data

& storage)• • Why is 10GE over copper important?• – Cost $$$ It’s cheap relative to 10GE Optical

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10GBASE-T Initial Goal

• – 10 Gigabit Ethernet over horizontal structured, twisted-pair

• copper cabling• – 10 Gigabit Ethernet MAC and media

independent interface as• specified in IEEE 802.3ae™,• – Copper cabling is assumed to be

ISO/IEC-11801:2002 Class D• or better copper cable

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10GBASE-T Objectives: Keeping it Ethernet

• – Preserve the 802.3/Ethernet frame format at the Client service interface

• – Preserve min. and max. frame size of current 802.3 Std.• – Support star-wired local area networks using point-to-point• links and structured cabling topologies• • Keeping it 10 Gigabit Ethernet• – Support full duplex operation only• – Support a speed of 10.000 Gb/s at the MAC/PLS service• interface• • Compatibility with 802.3• – Support Clause 28 auto-negotiation• – To not support 802.3ah (EFM) OAM unidirectional operation• – Support coexistence with 802.3af (DTE Power via Ethernet)

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10GBASE-T Objectives Objectives (con’t.)

• • Speed, Media & Reach• – Select copper media from ISO/IEC 11801:2002,• with any appropriate augmentation to be• developed through work of 802.3 in conjunction• with SC25/WG3• – Support operation over 4-connector structured• 4-pair, twisted-pair copper cabling for all• supported distances and Classes• – Define a single 10 Gb/s PHY that would support links of:• • At least 100 m on four-pair Class F (Cat 7) balanced copper• cabling• • At least 55 m to 100 m on four-pair Class E (Cat 6) balanced• copper cabling

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10GBASE-T Markets• • 1st – The Data Center• – Density of compute devices (modular platforms)• – Need more bandwidth per link than 1000BASE-T or link• aggregation can provide• – Less constrained by installed base or structured cabling• standards• – “If there is no way to verify the circuit, I will install new cabling”…• M. Bennett, Lawrence Berkeley Lab

• • 2nd – Horizontal Enterprise Networks• – Higher speed aggregation points in the wiring closets• – Needs to conform to structured cabling standards• • Future build outs will utilize enhance cabling specifications• – “Today’s server is tomorrow’s desktop”… S. Muller• • Not by 2006, but eventually it will happen as costs drop and• bandwidth intensive applications increase

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Worldwide Structured Cabling Market

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SYSTIMAX® GigaSPEED® X10D Solution

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10GBASE 10GBASE-T Cabling Characterisation

• • Performance models established by 10GBASE-T Study• Group• – Measurement data for Class D - F cabling to 625 MHz• – Data includes screened & unscreened cabling systems• – Measured data has been scaled to established limits• – Data captured for Cat 5e/Class D, Cat 6/Class E, Cat 7/Class F:• • Insertion Loss• • Return Loss• • Pair-to-Pair NEXT• • Power Sum NEXT• • Pair-to-Pair FEXT• • Pair-to-Pair ELFEXT• • Power Sum ELFEXT• • Alien Crosstalk also investigated by 10GBASE-T Study• Group• – Valuable measurement data established

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Key issues• • Higher symbol rate requires higher signal bandwidth• – Class D (Cat 5e), if used, will be utilized beyond its specified• frequency range• – Class E (Cat 6) will have to have it’s performance• characterized beyond 250MHz and up to 625MHz• • TSB being prepared by TIA• – Class F (Cat 7) is adequately specified• – TIA and ISO are engaged in extended frequency and alien• crosstalk augmentation and characterization of Class E & F• • Higher symbol rate and higher level modulation imply• – Higher performance requirements on the Analog Front End• – More complex signal processing• – Cancellation of FEXT• – Aggressive timing requirements• • Alien Crosstalk is a significant factor in capacity on UTP

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