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A Co-benefits Approach to GHG Emission Reduction
Ministry of the Environment, JapanOf�ce of Market Mechanisms, Climate Change Policy Division, Global Environment Bureau Tel: +81-3-5521-8354Email: [email protected]
December 2010
International Cooperation Of�ceEnvironment Management Bureau
Tel: +81-3-5521-8309Email: [email protected]
1-2-2 Kasumigaseki Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8975 JapanMinistry of the Environment, Japan
Useful LinksCo-benefits Approach: http://www.kyomecha.org/cobene/e/index.html
Policy Tools for Co-benefits Projects: http://www.kyomecha.org/cobene/e/tools.html
Other Japanese Initiatives on Co-benefits Approach: http://www.kyomecha.org/cobene/e/link.html
Ministry of the Environment, Japan
Initial investmenttechnologicalsupport
Subsidy for 1/2 of the initial investment
Credit transfer contract(50% and above)
Approval of project designs
Credit transfermanagementcontract
Host country’s project company
Japanese project company
UNFCCC CDM Executive Board Government institution designated by the host country
Credits
Credits
Credits
CO2
Power plant(coal-�red)
Waste heat recovery
Ethanol factory
Electricity sold to grid
Methane recovery
Ef�uent
Electricity generated with methane
Electricity for factory
Air in�ow
Newly generated waste Compost treatmentIngredients for soil
Land�ll
Methane
Compost
Newly generated waste
Closed land�ll site
Air in�ow
Equipment to generate power from waste heat
CO2
CO2
Grid
CH4CH4CH4
CH4
Measures to reduce environmental pollution
Measures to reduce GHG emissions
Co-bene�ts
Power plant(coal-�red)
Power plant(coal-�red)
Anaerobic fermentation tank
Reduces CO2 emitted due to electrical grid
Electricity supply from grid
Fewer methane emissions by in�ow of air
Less ef�uent
Fewer methane emissions
Less waste
Vent pipe
Natural ventilationNatural ventilation
By introducing composting equipment at an active land�ll site, this project promotes the com-posting of organic waste, thereby limiting CH4 emissions that would otherwise be generated, and extending the service life of the site. The project also aims to improve the water quality of leachate and re-duce offensive odors.
Examples of Co-bene�ts Activities
CASE 1 Waste Heat Recovery from Cement Plant
By recovering waste heat from a dry rotary kiln in a cement plant and using the heat to generate electricity, this project substitute electricity from the power grid, this indirectly reduces the amount of sulfur dioxide emitted from power plants else-where.
Air
Cooperation in China:In Panzhihua City, Sichuan Prov-ince, a joint research (on environ-mental pollution reduction plan), and training courses (targeting central and local government of-�cials) were carried out. In 2010, Xiangtan City in Hunan Province was selected to be the next coop-eration target.
Cooperation in Indonesia:Feasibility studies were prepared on two locations, a land�ll site in Banjarmasin City and a slaughter-house in Palembang City, to �nd out effectiveness of co-bene�ts in these two locations.
Training in Xiangtan City
Waste dump and leachate(Land�ll in Banjarmasin City)
Project Scenario
CASE 2 Biogas Recovery and Electricity Generation from Ethanol Factory Wastewater
By using a sealed anaerobic fermentation tank to treat wastewater from an ethanol factory, this project recovers emitted CH4 and uses it to generate electricity, thereby helping to improve water quality.
Project Scenario
To identifytechnologieswhich haveco-bene�ts
effectiveness
To lessenenvironmental
problems indevelopingcountries
Pro
mo
tion
of a co
-ben
e�ts ap
pro
ach
To reduceGHG emissionsin developing
countries
To quantifyeffectivenessof co-bene�ts
effects
To implementco-bene�tsprojects indevelopingcountries
To contributeto achievinglow-carbon /low-pollution
societies
To improveglobal
environment
To expandgreen
economies / green
technologies
Goals Objectives ApproachIssues for
Consideration
Approved Projects:
Environmental improvement project to reduce GHG emissions from a closed land�ll site (2008)
Methane recovery and electricity generation project from palm oil factory ef�uent, and water puri�cation (2009)
Malaysia
Biogas project to generate electricity from wastewater at an ethanol factory (2008)
Thailand
Waste heat recovery and electricity generation project at a Chongqing cement plant (2010)
China
Water
Anaerobic open lagoon on factory grounds (Ayutthaya Province, Thailand)
Dry rotary kiln under construction(Chongqing City, China)
CASE 3 Environmental Improvements and Reduced GHG Emissions from Closed Land�ll Site
By improving the site from anaerobic to more energy-ef�cient semi-aerobic conditions, this project limits CH4 emissions. The project also aims to improve water quality of wastewater and reduce offensive odors.
WasteProject Scenario
CASE 4 Installation of Composting Equipment at Waste Disposal Site
Project Scenario
Waste
Site inspection at land�ll site (Penang, Malaysia)
Composting (Banjarmasin City, Indonesia)
A Co-bene�ts Approach to Climate Change
A co-bene�ts approach to cli-mate change involves activi-ties that can simultaneously reduce environmental pollu-tion (challenges many devel-oping countries face) and re-duce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (urgent global need). The co-bene�ts ap-proach to climate change is an important policy issue for Japan.
Speci�c examples include air pollution and GHG emis-sions reduction through im-proving ef�ciency at thermal power plants; water pollution and GHG emissions reduc-tion through methane recov-ery and electricity generation in wastewater treatment; and air pollution and GHG emis-sions reduction through im-provements in public trans-portation networks.
An Overview of Co-bene�ts Approach Initiatives
The Japanese Ministry of the Environment (MOEJ) focuses its cooperation on countries in Asia, as a priority region for applying the co-bene�ts approach to climate change. The MOEJ has been work-ing on identifying technolo-
gies that has co-bene�ts ef-fectiveness; developing eval-uation tools that help quanti-fy effectiveness of co-bene�ts approach; and implementa-tion of climate change coun-termeasures with co-bene�ts technologies.
Bilateral Cooperation
The Japanese Minister of the Environment signed joint statements with the Envi-ronment Ministers of the People’s Republic of China
and the Republic of Indone-sia to promote the co-bene-�ts approach through bilat-eral cooperation.
Co-bene�ts CDM Model Projects
Since 2008, the MOEJ has provided subsidy to private sector companies to imple-ment promising co-bene�ts-type CDM model projects using Japanese environmen-tal technologies. The subsidy
would be provided to cover half of the initial investment cost on condition that 50% or above of the credits obtained from the project will be trans-ferred to the Government of Japan.
