IS 201 Principle of Information

Systems 81SecTTTT 2 254/

4

ชุ�ด ที่�� 1

IS 201 2

MANAGING MANAGING THETHE

DIGITAL DIGITAL FIRMFIRM

3IS 201

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

•GLOBALIZATIONGLOBALIZATION•INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIESINDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES•TRANSFORMATION OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE

ENTERPRISEENTERPRISE•EMERGENCE OF THE DIGITAL EMERGENCE OF THE DIGITAL

FIRMFIRM

**

4IS 201

GLOBALIZATIOGLOBALIZATIONN

• MANAGEMENT & CONTROLMANAGEMENT & CONTROL• COMPETITION IN WORLD COMPETITION IN WORLD

MARKETSMARKETS• GLOBAL WORK GROUPSGLOBAL WORK GROUPS• GLOBAL DELIVERY SYSTEMSGLOBAL DELIVERY SYSTEMS

**

5IS 201

INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIESECONOMIES

• KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMIES• PRODUCTIVITY• NEW PRODUCTS & SERVICES• KNOWLEDGE AS AN ASSET• TIME-BASED COMPETITION• SHORTER PRODUCT LIFE• TURBULENT ENVIRONMENT• LIMITED EMPLOYEE KNOWLEDGE BASE

*

6IS 201

TRANSFORMATION TRANSFORMATION OF ENTERPRISEOF ENTERPRISE

• FLATTENINGFLATTENING• DECENTRALIZATIONDECENTRALIZATION• FLEXIBILITYFLEXIBILITY• LOCATION INDEPENDENCELOCATION INDEPENDENCE• LOW TRANSACTION COSTSLOW TRANSACTION COSTS• EMPOWERMENTEMPOWERMENT• COLLABORATIVE WORKCOLLABORATIVE WORK

*

7IS 201

EMERGENCE OF THE EMERGENCE OF THE DIGITAL FIRMDIGITAL FIRM

•DIGITALLY-ENABLED RELATIONSHIPS WITH CUSTOMERS, SUPPLIERS, EMPLOYEES

•CORE BUSINESS PROCESSES VIA DIGITAL NETWORKS

•DIGITAL MANAGEMENT OF KEY ASSETS

•RAPID SENSING & RESPONDING TO CHANGE

*

IS 201 8

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE

• INTERNET LINKS BUYERS, SELLERS• LOWERS TRANSACTION COSTS• GOODS & SERVICES ,ADVERTISED,

BOUGHT, EXCHANGED WORLDWIDE• BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS

TRANSACTIONS INCREASING*

IS 201 9

ELECTRONIC BUSINESS

• INTRANET: BUSINESS BUILDS PRIVATE, SECURE NETWORK

• E-MAIL, WEB DOCUMENTS, GROUP SOFTWARE EXTENDS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION & CONTROL

• VIRTUAL ORGANIZATION*

10IS 201

• 1950s: TECHNICAL CHANGES• 60s-70s: MANAGERIAL CONTROL• 80s-90s: INSTITUTIONAL CORE

ACTIVITIES

GROWING IMPORTANCE*

SCOPE OF INFO SYSTEMS

IS 201 11

THE CHANGING MANAGEMENT PROCESS

• ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP)

• ELECTRONIC COMMERCE• ELECTRONIC BUSINESS• ELECTRONIC MARKET

*

12IS 201

WHAT YOU CAN DO ON THE INTERNET

• COMMUNICATE & COLLABORATE• ACCESS INFORMATION• DISCUSS• OBTAIN INFORMATION• ENTERTAIN• TRANSACT BUSINESS

*

13IS 201

SALES & MARKETING

COMPANY

FINANCE COMPANY

LOGISTICS

COMPANY

DESIGN

COMPANY

MANUFACTURING

COMPANY

VIRTUAL ORGANIZATION

CORECORE

COMPANYCOMPANY

IS 201 14

SHIPPINGSHIPPING INVENTORYINVENTORY

PLANNING & PLANNING & FORECASTINGFORECASTING

ORDER ORDER PROCESSINGPROCESSING

PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION

PROCUREMENTPROCUREMENT

ACCOUNTINGACCOUNTING

SUPPLIERSSUPPLIERSCUSTOMERSCUSTOMERS

LOGISTICS LOGISTICS SERVICESSERVICES

DISTRIBUTORSDISTRIBUTORS

INTRANETINTRANETINTRANET

SUPPLY-CHAIN SUPPLY-CHAIN MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

15IS 201

SYSTEMSYSTEM

INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS

FEEDBACK

IS 201 16

WHAT IS AN INFORMATION

SYSTEMS ?Interrelated components working together to …collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization.

17IS 201

INFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEM

INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS

FEEDBACK

Data Information

IS 201 18

INFORMATION

Data that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to human beings.

IS 201 19

DATA

Streams of raw facts representing events occurringin organization or the physical environment beforethey have been organized and arranged into a formthat people can understand and use.

IS 201 20

INPUT

The capture or collection of raw data fromwithin the organization or from its externalenvironment for processing in an informationsystem.

IS 201 21

PROCESSING

The conversion, manipulation, and analysis of raw input into a form that is more meaningfulto humans.

IS 201 22

OUTPUT

The distribution of processed information to the people whowill use it or to the activities for which it will be used.

IS 201 23

FEEDBACKOutput that is returned to the appropriatemembers of the organization to help themevaluate or correct input.

IS 201 24

COMPUTER-BASED

INFORMATION SYSTEMS

(CBIS)Information systems that rely on computerhardware and software for processingand disseminating information.

25IS 201

FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEMFUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM

INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS

FEEDBACK

INFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEM

ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

Customers Suppliers Customers Suppliers

Regulatory Regulatory Stockholders CompetitorsStockholders CompetitorsAgenciesAgencies

ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

IS 201 26

องค์�ประกอบของ IS•DATA• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

–Computer hardware –Software–Communications

•USER• IS Personnel•PROCEDURE

IS 201 27

TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMSTYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

DATA WORKERSDATA WORKERS

KIND OF SYSTEM GROUPS KIND OF SYSTEM GROUPS SERVEDSERVEDSTRATEGIC LEVEL SENIOR STRATEGIC LEVEL SENIOR

MANAGERSMANAGERS

MANAGEMENT LEVEL MIDDLE MANAGEMENT LEVEL MIDDLE MANAGERSMANAGERS

OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL

OPERATIONAL LEVEL OPERATIONAL LEVEL MANAGERS MANAGERS

KNOWLEDGE LEVEL KNOWLEDGE LEVEL KNOWLEDGE & KNOWLEDGE &

SALES & MANUFACTURING FINANCE ACCOUNTING HUMANSALES & MANUFACTURING FINANCE ACCOUNTING HUMAN RESOURCESRESOURCESMARKETINGMARKETING

IS 201 28

MAJOR TYPES OF MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

• EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS)• DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)• MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS)• KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS (KWS)• OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS)• TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS)

*

IS 201 29

MISMIS

MIS FILESMIS FILES

SALES DATA

UNIT PRODUCT COST

PRODUCT CHANGE DATA

EXPENSE DATA

MIS REPORTS

MANAGERSMANAGERS

TPS

Order Processing

System

Materials Resource

Planning System

General Ledger

System

ORDER FILE

PRODUCTION MASTER FILE

ACCOUNTING FILES

TPS DATA FOR MIS APPLICATIONS

IS 201 30

INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG SYSTEMS

ESS

TPSKWS

OAS

DSSMIS

IS 201 31

TRADITIONALVIEW OF

SYSTEMS• WITHIN THE BUSINESS: There are

functions, each having its uses of information systems

• OUTSIDE THE ORGANIZATION’S BOUNDARIES: There are customers and vendors

FUNCTIONS TEND TO WORK IN ISOLATION

*

IS 201 32Sales &

Marketing

Accounting

Finance

Manufacturing

Human Resources

ENTERPRISE SYSTEMENTERPRISE SYSTEM

Business ProcessesBusiness Processes

Enterprise-wideEnterprise-wide Business ProcessesBusiness Processes

Vendors Customers

IS 201 33

STRATEGIC ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

STRATEGIC INFO SYSTEM:CAN CHANGE GOALS,

OPERATIONSPRODUCTS, SERVICES

ENVIRONMENT

TO GAIN COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE