Istanbul
IstanbulMartine, Magnus, Simen & Torkel
Geographical Zone
TranscontinentalBosphorus StraitLatitude: 41o01 NModerately
strong seasonal variationElevation 128 ftNoon sun angle, daylength,
solar radiationAlways less than 90oSummer SolsticeWinter
SolsticeDaylength average: 12.7 hAnnual solar radiation input: 15
Mj/m2
Maritime / Continental Climate Sub-climatesKppen-Geiger
ClassificationMediterranean climate (Csa)Humid subtropical climate
(Cfa)Oceanic climate (Cfb)Exhibits microclimatesNorthern
partSouthern part
Cloud CoverFrequent cloud cover throughout the year, but has a
slight seasonal variationSummer months are often mostly clearWinter
months are often mostly clouded
JFMAMJJASONDYRMean Cloud
Cover(x/8)6.56.05.24.02.81.61.41.83.14.15.86.64.0Forms of
PrecipitationAnnual average of precipitation - 120 daysAnnual
average of 28 days of snow as the form of precipitationSnow as the
prominent form of precipitation in winter months December through
FebruaryIstanbul has a generally mild climate the rest of the
yearSource of PrecipitationMain source - Midlatitude
CyclonesContinental tropical air mass from North AfricaStrong
seasonal changeHeavy precipitation during winter months, with a dry
summer seasonBiomeLocated between several
biomesGrasslands/shrub-land and temperate dry forest biomeDecreased
open land and forest areaIncreased urbanisationTrade Winds
TempratureMonthJFMAMJJASONDC66812162224242116128F434246546171747469605346Maritime/
continental climateMeduim seasonal changeTemprature range from
6C-24C average.Seasonal changeHuman Disturbance to LandHigh
disturbance to Land around the city.14,2 million inhabitantsOld
city (330 AD)Deleoped early on and heavely used as trade
routs.WeatheringGenerally little weathering, but chemical
weathering is most prominent.Lack of mechanical due to few days
with temorature under 0C.Little chemical due to dry summers
compared to winters with an average of less than 0,6 inches of
percipitation.Most of the weathering happens due to Istanbuls
limestone.Rubble in WaitingBuildings not able to withstand
earthquakeEarthquake hazard collide with socioeconomic
vulnerabilities Buildings lack organizationPopulation over 10
millionEarthquakes with tendency to strike vulnerable areas.
The Seismic ThreatsHeightened seismic threatMagnitude of 7 on
Ricther Scale60-70% in a 30-year periodMarmara Region90,000 lost
lives in 76 earthquakesNorth Anatolian Fault. 1939 & 1999Turkey
in the top 20%
Earthquakes Nr. 1 Natural HazardDr. Mustafa Erdik Maps Out a
SituationPotential 30,000-40,000 DeathsInjure a Minimum of
120,000Building FlawsIllegal ConstructionUrban Metropolis
Conclusion
Sources"Time Zone Map." Time Zone Map. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr.
2015. ."Climate of Istanbul." Climate of Istanbul. N.p., n.d. Web.
30 Apr. 2015. ."Istanbul, Turkey Travel Weather Averages
(Weatherbase)." Weatherbase. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2015. .Erdik,
Mustafa. "Earthquake Risk in Turkey." Science Magazine 341.6147
(2013): 724-25. Print."Recent Natural Disasters in Turkey: An
Overview of the National Technological Capacity and Its
Utilization." ReliefWeb. UN Resident Coordinator, 5 July 2000. Web.
02 May 2015
