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Sinar Surya untuk Usaha Kuliner

Oleh:

Kartika Novitasari Pranoto

Nrp : 6112061

Fakultas Teknik

Jurusan Teknik Kimia

Universitas Surabaya


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Sinar Surya untuk Usaha Kuliner

Abstrak

Indonesia adalah negara tropis yang kaya akan potensi energi matahari.

Pemanfaatan energi matahari sudah banyak di kembangkan di berbegai negara.

Pemanfaatan energi matahari tidak hanya dapat digunakan sebagai pembangkit listrik,

tetapi dapat digunakan pula untuk memasak menggunakan alat yang bernama solar

cooker. Di Indonesia sendiri banyak sekali usaha rumah makan yang pada umumnya

bergantung kepada bahan bakar minyak tanah atau LPG. Proses pengolahan makanan

yang membutuhkan energi tediri dari proses memasak dan memanaskan

(menghangatkan). Meskipun tidak dapat digunakan untuk memasak, penggunaan solar

cooker dapat mengurangi energi dalam proses menghangatkan makanan. Dilihat dari

segi ekonomis hal ini menguntungkan bagi pengusaha kuliner, karena secara tidak

langsung penggunaan solar cooker dapat menghemat penggunaan LPG atau minyak

tanah sehingga berdampak pada penurunan biaya produksi. Sementara dari sisi

ekologis hal ini juga menguntungkan karena pada dasarnya mengurang ketergantungan

pada energi fossil yang berkontribusi bagi pencemaran udara. Meskipun gas alam

merupakan energi tak terbarukan yang paling bersih, akan tetapi pengeksploitasian

yang berlebihan akan merusak lingkungan sehingga mengganggu keseimbangan alam.

Lebih lagi pemanfaatan minyak tanah juga telah dirasakan akibatnya, beberapa saat

yang lalu kenaikan harga minyak tanah akibat kelangkaan yang terjadi mengakibatkan

goncangan ekonomi bagi rakyat Indonesia. Project ini bertujuan untuk mestimulasi

pemanfaatan energi matahari khususnya solar cooker bagi pengusaha kuliner, dan

pada gilirannya akan berdampak pada aspek ekonomis, penghematan energi fossil dan

ekologis.


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Project Proposal

Introduction

Current Situation in Indonesia

Indonesia is a country which has a great potential of solar energy. In University of

Surabaya where Im from, this potential is now being explored. In this proposal, I

introduce the cheap usage of solar energy. Solar energy not only can be used for

electricity but can also be used for cooking by using solar cooker. One of the simple

solar cooker type is box type, this type is easy to made. The temperature that solar

cooker box type can produced is depend on the solar radiation. Even though this solar

cooker might not be suitable for cooking process, it has great potential for heating the

food or keeping the food warm.

In Indonesia especially Surabaya there are so many cafe and they usually open in

the morning until afternoon, for example the UBAYA canteen. Most of the canteen

usually use LPG or kerosene not only for cooking but also for heating the food.

Remembering that LPG and kerosene are unrenewable energy, so there is an impact of

the stock of LPG and Kerosene. Now the kerosene stock is very low which made the

price increases. Today, LPG is used widely in Surabaya and most people in Indonesia.

The emission of LPG and kerosene can make the green house effect. Beside that, there

are so many tragedy that happen because of subsidized LPG, for example the LPG

explosion. This effect can be reduced by using solar cooker, because the heating process

by stove is changed by heating process by solar cooker.


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Current practical solution that had beed carried by government

Today, the kerosene stock has become rare which made the price of kerosene

increases. In Indonesia there are so many people that trapped in poverty, so that

government must take an action to face this condition. Government chose to substitute

kerosene with LPG, but the price of LPG is quite expensive, and not all people know

how to use it in that time. So the government take the sosialization program to the

people and give subsidize for the LPG, and launch the 3kg LPG that is cheaper than

LPG in general.

But there are so many trouble that happen by this product launch. Because of the

lack of knowledge, many tragedy happened by use this subsidized LPG, and also many

seller try to take higher benefits by fill the nonsubsidized LPG tube with the subsidized

LPG contents, the process is really dangerous, and the impact for the consumen is

getting more dangerous. But government have been taking an action to solve this case,

so now almost all people in Indonesia use LPG safely.

Personal Project

Considering the decision of government, substituting kerosene with LPG can be

seen as a good choice, remembering there was no knowledge about renewable energy in

this country. But we must remember that LPG and kerosene are unrenewable energy

source, it means government can't always depend on this resources. Beside that, over

exploitation will destroy the ecosystem. So we need to reduce the usage of LPG or

kerosene. Using LPG for heating food could take more volume of LPG because in

culinary bussiness keeping the food warm is very needed.


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Solar cooker is one of application of solar energy. Solar energy can be divided

into two big parts, there are solar energy and solar thermal energy. The differences is

the source of the energy. Solar energy get the energy from the photons of the sunlight,

and the solar thermal energy get the energy from the heat of sunlight. Solar cooker use

the solar thermal energy from the sunlight and reflect them to heat the food that is

placed in the provided space.

Now there are three types of solar cooker box type, panel type, and parabolic type.

the type that can produce the highest temperature and highest efficiency is parabolic

type. Parabolic type also can be used for power plant, the utilization as power plant has

been used in some countries. but the process to make it is quite complicated and

expensive enough so not all people interested to make this cooker.

Solar cooker panel type is the easiest solar cooker to make but it has the lowest

efficiency than other type. Beside that, solar cooker panel type cant keep the food

clean, because the open structure and reflection in all side. This type is not suitable for

the culinary bussiness, because people want to consume clean food. It is possible to give

the protector to cover the food, but it will not be practical when used. Solar cooker box

and panel type are easy to make but solar cooker panel type cant work as efficient as

box type. Box type is easy to make and has a good efficiency for heating the food.

Solar cooker Parabolic type

http://www.made-in-

china.com/showroom/sdlytll/product-

detailgKnxmaocIEkB/China-Parabolic-

Type-Solar-Cooker.html
http://www.made-in-china.com/showroom/sdlytll/product-detailgKnxmaocIEkB/China-Parabolic-Type-Solar-Cooker.htmlhttp://www.made-in-china.com/showroom/sdlytll/product-detailgKnxmaocIEkB/China-Parabolic-Type-Solar-Cooker.htmlhttp://www.made-in-china.com/showroom/sdlytll/product-detailgKnxmaocIEkB/China-Parabolic-Type-Solar-Cooker.htmlhttp://www.made-in-china.com/showroom/sdlytll/product-detailgKnxmaocIEkB/China-Parabolic-Type-Solar-Cooker.htmlhttp://www.made-in-china.com/showroom/sdlytll/product-detailgKnxmaocIEkB/China-Parabolic-Type-Solar-Cooker.htmlhttp://www.made-in-china.com/showroom/sdlytll/product-detailgKnxmaocIEkB/China-Parabolic-Type-Solar-Cooker.htmlhttp://www.made-in-china.com/showroom/sdlytll/product-detailgKnxmaocIEkB/China-Parabolic-Type-Solar-Cooker.htmlhttp://www.made-in-china.com/showroom/sdlytll/product-detailgKnxmaocIEkB/China-Parabolic-Type-Solar-Cooker.htmlhttp://www.made-in-china.com/showroom/sdlytll/product-detailgKnxmaocIEkB/China-Parabolic-Type-Solar-Cooker.html


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Solar cooker box type has more benefits than other type. These benefits come

from the structure of solar cooker box type. Solar cooker box type can make sure that

the food is kept clean during the heating process. Solar cooker box type can be seen as a

box which has a reflector or mirror booster to reflect the sun radiation input to the

cooker. Solar cooker box type has a glass that covers the box, its function is to trap the

sun radiation inside and make the green house effect inside the box. The glass must be

clear so it permits the passage of shorter wavelength solar radiation to come inside the

box. This green house effect causes the temperature inside warmer than outside.

Inside the box there is a insulator which can be made from styrofoam. Its function

is to keep the heat from the short wavelength solar radiation that has been trapped inside

the box. Solar cooker box type also needs the conductor material which is usually made

from metals. This metals should be painted with the absolute black colour. The black

colour that should be used is unglossy black, because the glossy black will refect the

short wavelength solar radiation that should be absorbed. This black plate directly

contacts with the cooking pot so there is heat transfer by conduction from black plate to

Solar cooker Box type

http://www.solar-energy-for-

homes.com/building-a-solar-cooker.html

Solar cooker Panel type

http://www.solar-energy-for-

homes.com/building-a-solar-cooker.html
http://www.solar-energy-for-homes.com/building-a-solar-cooker.htmlhttp://www.solar-energy-for-homes.com/building-a-solar-cooker.htmlhttp://www.solar-energy-for-homes.com/building-a-solar-cooker.htmlhttp://www.solar-energy-for-homes.com/building-a-solar-cooker.htmlhttp://www.solar-energy-for-homes.com/building-a-solar-cooker.htmlhttp://www.solar-energy-for-homes.com/building-a-solar-cooker.htmlhttp://www.solar-energy-for-homes.com/building-a-solar-cooker.htmlhttp://www.solar-energy-for-homes.com/building-a-solar-cooker.htmlhttp://www.solar-energy-for-homes.com/building-a-solar-cooker.htmlhttp://www.solar-energy-for-homes.com/building-a-solar-cooker.html


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the cooking pot. Inside the cooking pot there will be heat transfer between two phases

from the cooking pot to the food then will be continued by convection heat transfer.

Solar cooker box type can be covered by alumunium foil or other material which

can isolate the heat inside the box. And increases the appearance value from this solar

cooker. To make the solar cooker we can use the unused things, for example unused box

and unused styrofoam. Making solar cooker also needs simple equipment that we can

get at our home.

Material:

- Unused box(Instant

noodle box)

- Mirror

- UnusedStyrofoam

- Cutter- scissors- Glue

-Spray paint-Ruler-Alumunium foil-Iron plate (1 m)-Thermometer

Instruction:

- Measure the box that will be used for solar cooker and then draw thepattern of solar cooker on the styrofoam based on the size of the box.

- Shape the styrofoam like the picture using the cutter. Dont forget tomake a slope shape for the styrofoam. Look at the picture:


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- Measure the room inside the styrofoam and draw the pattern on the platebased on the size of the styrofoam and than cut the plate using the

scissors

- Paint the plate using absolute black colour and dry it- Take the the plate inside the styrofoam

- Stick the mirror like the picture and cover the box using alumunium foil

mirror

mirror

Allumunium FoilAllumuniumFoil


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- Hold up the mirror using styrofoam or carton

Budged and Manpower

Budget to make a solar cooker buliding is : Rp 220.000,00

Budget to test a solar cooker is : Rp 130.000,00

The man power that needed in this project are three people (in my project , it will

be taken by PSET members)

Economic and Enviromental Benefits of this Project

Using solar cooker box type not only brings enviromental benefits but also

economic benefits. Economically, solar cooker usage can reduce the cost of

culinary bussiness production . Using LPG or kerosene for keeping the food warm

can take more volume of the LPG or kerosene. the usage of solar cooker can

reduce the consumtion of LPG or kerosene, so it can increase the sales profits. In

Surabaya there is no cafe that use solar cooker, so it will be a new things for the

customer, and make them interested to see how the solar cooker work, and it

could be increase the profits.

holder

mirror

Allumunium FoilAllumunium Foil


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Enviromentally, it can reduce the exploitation of natural gases for LPG and

the exploitation of oil for kerosene. Today the stock of natural gases is the highest

after the coals stock, but we must remember that we cant depend on that source

too long. The exploitation of the natural gas and oil can destroy the ecosystem,

and than the emission can cause green house effect. Solar cooker can be used at

the day only, but it could be great potential for Indonesia because the sun shines

all day. There are so many culinary bussiness that open at the day. It's means that

the seller can use this solar cooker during the day.

Refference:

Quaschning, Volker. 2005. Understanding Renewable Energy Systems.London: Bath Press.

Kementerian Negara Riset dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia. 2006.INDONESIA 20052025 BUKU PUTIH Penelitian, Pengembangan dan

Penerapan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Bidang Sumber Energi Baru

dan Terbarukan untuk Mendukung Keamanan Ketersediaan Energi Tahun

2025. Jakarta

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