Kenji SomenoEMBASSY OF JAPAN, Beijing

日本驻华大使馆

International Workshop onEstablishing A Green National Accounting System

June 24-25,2004Zhejiang, China

The Experience of Material Flow Accounts

in Japan 日本实物流量核算经验

Outline of the presentation

1. Historical Experience in Japan 日本历史经验2. Material Flow Accounts (MFA) 实物流量帐户3. Targets for Indicators on MFA 实物流量帐户目标4. Sound Material-Cycle Society 良好的物质循环型

社会5. Next Steps 下步工作

1. Historical Experience in Japan日本历史经验 1971’s poll about “economic growth”1971 年关于经济增长的公众投

票 > wealthy for daily life, increasing for business chance > environment pollution, price raising, traffic accident

Ministry of the Environment in Japan makes from Cabinet’s material　 (2001).

consumer price index ( 2000=100)

real GDP

The transition of real GDP and consumer price index

(％ : ratio for preceding year)

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

2000

1. Historical Experience in Japan日本历史经验 Durable Goods Coverage in Japan日本耐用商品普及率

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

1957

1960

1963

1966

1969

1972

1975

1978

1981

1984

1987

1990

1993

1996

1999

2002

FY

％

Refrigerator Washer Air Conditioner Color TV PC Automobile

1. Historical Experience in Japan Generation of Durable Goods Waste 耐用商品产生的废物　

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998Year

thou

sand

's m

achi

ne RefrigeratorWasherAir ConditionerColor TV

1. Historical Experience in Japan Economic growth & Environmental Pollution 经济增长和环境

污染

GDP/Person

US$

GDP/Person

100,000

Singapore

Stock Price Indicator

10,000 Republic of Korea

＄

MalaysiaBubble Economy

300

Thailand 100

1,000 P.R of China

IndiaInternational Competition

50

100

Recovery△Oil Crisis

10

△Tokyo Olympics

△Tokyo Disny Land Open

0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Environmental Pollution

Stock Price Indicator

△Osaka Expo

1. Historical Experience in Japan Transition to Sustainable Society 向可持续性社会转型

Sustainable Society

Mass Production/ Consumption/Disposal

Society

～ 20C 21C～

time

amt.

Social Utility

Environment Efficiency

Use of Nature

(Loads on Nature)

Decoupling increasing welfare from environmental loads

Linkage between increasing welfare & environmental loads

Ministry of the Environment in Japan makes from EEA (EU Enbironmental Agency)’s material.

2. Material Flow Accounts Integrated Environmental & Economic Accounts

环境和经济综合帐户 > the necessity for GNP/GDP reflected on loss by

environmental loads.

> 2 kinds of approach

(1) monetary approach

(2) material approach

2. Material Flow Accounts Monetary approach 价值方法 > GNP/GDP

－ monetary value for environmental pollution,

loads on nature, etc 环境污染、自然负荷很 难货币化

> difficulty for conversion environmental value

to monetary value 将环境价值转化为货币价值很难

2. Material Flow Accounts Material approach 实物方法 > flow of the material’s weight in economical action > criticism for differentiation and prioritization of the materials to be accounted > the issues of data availability, consistency of national statistics among different countries, problems of international comparisons > realistic measures as a kind of integrated environmental & economic accounts

2. Material Flow Accounts实物流量帐户

(prepared by Ministry of the Environment in Japan FY2000)

(Unit：million tons)

Domestic resources （ 1,124 ）Exports （ 132 ）

Returned to nature(84 ）

Final disposal（ 56 ）

Reduction （ 241 ）

Amount of cyclical use [reuse+recycle] （ 218 ）

Net addition to stock （ 1,107 ）Resources（ 718 ）

Products （ 70 ）

Natural resourcesand the like input ［ Direct Material

Input ］（ 1,912 ）

Generation of waste and the like （ 600 ）

Energy consumption （ 420 ）

Food consumption （ 127 ）

Imports（ 788

）

Total material input

（ 2,130 ）

2. Material Flow Accounts实物流量帐户

(Unit：million tons)

Domestic resources （ 1,169 ）Exports （ 123 ）

Returned to nature(84 ）

Final disposal（ 53 ）

Reduction （ 239 ）

Amount of cyclical use [reuse+recycle] （ 212 ）

Net addition to stock （ 1,124 ）Resources（ 692 ）

Products （ 64 ）

Natural resourcesand the like input ［ Direct Material

Input ］（ 1,926 ）

Generation of waste and the like （ 588 ）

Energy consumption （ 404 ）

Food consumption （ 124 ）

Imports（ 756

）

Total material input

（ 2,138 ）

(prepared by Ministry of the Environment in Japan FY200 １ )

3. Targets for Indicators on MFA实物流量帐户目标确定

0

100

200

300

400

500

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Thou

sand

Yen

per

ton

390,000 yen per ton:FY2010(40% improvement from FY2000)

Resource Productivity Direct Material Input

(Input of natural resources & the like)

GDP

3. Targets for Indicators on MFA实物流量帐户目标确定

GDP

F

F

F

F

RDMI

RDMI

DMI

GDP

DMI i

i

ikik

k i kk

k

,,

To reduce direct & indirect material required by the production of each commodity （ by technology improvement ）

Changing the pattern of consumption and investment （ transition to less material-intensive demands ）

Reduction of dependence on imports

To increase the use of recycled materials out of total input of resources 　　

DMI:Direct Material Input

R: Amount of recycled materials

4. Targets for Indicators on MFA实物流量帐户目标确定

0

5

10

15

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

％

14%:FY2010(40% improvement from FY2000)

Cyclical Use Rate Amount of cyclical use + DMI

Amount of cyclical use (reuse + recycling)

3. Targets for Indicators on MFA实物流量帐户目标确定

0

50

100

150

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

百万

トン

Mill

ion

tons

Final DisposalAmount

= Final disposal amount of waste (landfill)

28 million tons:FY2010（ 50% reduction from

FY2000）

4th Thermal RecyclingRecover heat from things which have no alternatives but Incineration and which

can’t be recycled materially

2nd ReuseUse things repeatedly.

4. Sound Material-Cycle Society良性的物质循环型社会

Natural Resources Input

Production(Manufacturing, Distribution, etc.)

Consumption

Treatment(Recycling, Incineration, etc.)

Landfill Disposal

Discarding

3rd Material RecyclingRecycle things which can’t be

reused as raw materials

5th Proper DisposalDispose of things which can’t be used

by any things

Concept of “Sound Material-Cycle Society”

1st ReductionReduce waste, by-products, etc

4. Sound Material-Cycle Society 良性的物质循环型社会 Example 1: Reduction : Aluminium Cans (350ml cans)

Type 209

Type 206

Type 204

Weight and diameter of

the cap

Weight and diameter of

the body65.3mm

15.2g

65.3mm

14.7g

Weight of the body

20.5g 18.6g 15.2g 1975 1987 1994

Weight saving of 26%

Type 209 Type 206 Type 204

69.8 mm

5.3 g

64.7 mm

3.9 g

62.25 mm

3.1 g

65.3mm

12.1g

4. Sound Material-Cycle Society良性的物质循环型社会 Example 2: Reuse : Refilled Products

Ratio of Refilled Products

0

20

40

60

80

100

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Year

(%)

Shampoo/Rinse

Bleaching agent forclothes/kitchenLiquid Detergents forclothingBody Gel

Domestic Detergents

Soft Finishing Agent

Liquid Detergents forclothes

4. Sound Material-Cycle Society良性的物质循环型社会 Example 3: Material Recycling : Electrical Appliance

FY 2002 [t]Refrigera-t

orWasher

Air Condi-tioner

TV

Iron (Steel) 　　　　　　　　　

65,832 30,992 23,112 7,235

Copper 998 476 3,058 3,369

Aluminum 　　　　 404 142 1,111 188

Mixture (Nonferrous ・Ferrous, etc)

18,880 8,703 27,969 483

Cathode-ray tube ー － － 55,075

Other 4,890 2,652 1,487 5,756

Total weight 91,006 42,967 56,739 72,110

Recycling Rate 61% 60% 78% 75%Recycling Rate (1997) 55% 55% 54% 54%

5. Next Steps今后打算 2000.10 (Paris, France)

The Special session on MFA

(organised by the WGEIO (Working Group on

Environmental Information & Outlooks, OECD ))

2003.11 (Tokyo, Japan)

The International Expert meeting on MFA and resource productivity

(organised by the Ministry of the Environment in Japan)

5. Next Steps 下步打算 2004.4 The OECD Council Recommendation on Material Flows & Resource Productivity > on the scope and level of ambition of further joint work on material flows and related measurement tools, including accounts and indicators, in the OECD > on next steps and expected outputs in 2005 and 2006. (proposed by Japan)

5. Next Steps 下步打算 2004.6.17-18 (Helsinki, Finland)

WGEIO workshop

> Definition of scope and orientations of joint

work within the OECD on material flows and

related indicators

2004.10.13-15 (Paris, France)

35th WGEIO meeting

~ to be continued

5. Next Steps下步打算 2004.6.8-10 (Sea Island, U.S.A)

Sea Island Summit 2004 (G8 Summit)

> CHAIR'S SUMMARY

“ Sustainable development requires international

cooperation and action on improving our

environment. We endorsed the Reduce, Reuse,

and Recycle ("3 R's") Initiative. ”

(proposed by Japan)

5. Next Steps下步打算 2004.6 G8 Summit

3R Action Plan & Progress on Implementation

> Ministrial Conference in spring 2005 hosted by

the Government of Japan.

> Helped to create a new OECD material flows

and resource productivity work plan.

谢谢 !Kenji.Someno@mofa.go.jphttp://www.mofa.go.jp/http://www.env.go.jp/