r-5. PHAM TAT DONG ( C h u b i e n )CK.0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 3 9Miroi
namDDIMOIVAPHATTRIENn h Ax u a t b a n k h o a h o c XAHOlHAN Ol -
1 9 9 7GS.PHAMTATDONG
(Chiibien)KHOAHOCXAHOIVANHANVANmmMUOINAMDOIMOIVA PHATTRIENNHA
XUATBAN KHOAHOCXAHOI HANOI-1997Tap the tdc
gia:GS.PHAMTATDONG:GS,TS.PHAMMINHHAC: GS,TS.NGUYENDUYQUt:
GS.HAMINHDlfC:GS.PTS.TRANHLTUTIEN: GS,TS.VCHYCHl/ONG:
PGS,PTS.PHUNGHLTUPHU: PTS.NGUYENVANHOA:
PTS.NGUYENTIENHOANG:Lcnnoidau,chuang I Chtfcfng VII Chitcmg II
Chtfcfng VIII Chtfcfng IX Chtfcfng III Chtfcfng VI Chtfcfng IV
Chtfcfng VLainoidauTrongtaybandoclacuonsach"Khoahocxahoiva
Nhanvan:10namdoimoiva phattrien'' manoidungcua
noduocbiensoandephucvuchoviecxaydungvatrien
khaiNghiquyet02-NQ/HNTWcuaBanChaphanhTrung
uongDangCSVNl'anthu2(khoaVIII)vephuonghudng
chienluocphattrienkhoahoc,congnghevagiaodue,
daotao6thdikycongnghiephoa,hiendaihoavanhiem vudennam2000.Tuy
vdicaitennhuvay,cuonsachkhong
dunglai6viecnhinnhansuphattrienkhoahocxahoi
vanhanvanketuDaihoiDangIanthuVIdennay,ma
quantronghonlaqua10namdoimdi,chungtahinh
thanhnennhungquandiemdungdanvevaitro,vitricua
khoahocxahOivanhanvantrongc u 0 c song,dacbietla
trongsunghiepcongnghiephoavahiendaihoadatnude.
TaiHoinghiDaibieutoanquocgiQanhiemkycuaDang
(20-25/1/1994)BaocaochinhtricuaBanchaphanhTrung
uong(khoaVII)khangdinhrang:"DaytdimOtbudccong
nghiephoavahiendaihoadatnudelanhiemvutrung
tamcot'amquantronghangdautrongthdigiantdi"va
cackhoahoc,nhatlakhoahocxahoivanhanvanphai:
"Daymanhcongtacnghienciiuthietthuc,tieptuclam
sangtonhungvand'ecuachienluoccongnghiephoa
vahiendaihoa".Trenthegidi,quatrinhcongnghiephoavahiendai
hoadaduocbatdaukhoanghon200namvetrudc.Nude
Anhmddauquatrinhdovaonam1765,tieptheodola
Phap,HaLan(1831),My(1834),Due(1850),ThuvDien
(1861),Canada(1870),NhatBan(1886)v.v...Nhiingnude
g'andaynhatdivaocongnghiephoaphaikedencacNICs
(cacnudecongnghiepmdi).Othekythu18,nhungnude
tienhanhcongnghiephoathudngcankhoangtrendudi100namdehoanthanhvecobannhiemvunay.Vaodau
thekycuachungtadangsong,quatrinhdorutxuong
khoang30.40nam.Trongthapky70-80,thdigiantien
hanhcongnghiephoaconkhoang20nam.Theodubao,
cacnudetienhanhcongnghiephoatuthapky90thithdi
gianhoanthanhcothechicon10nam!Condudngcong
nghiephoa,hiendaihoatheokieucodienphaitraiqua
nhi'eubudc,matnhi'euthdigian.Dangtachutruongkhong
laplainhungmohinhcodienay.dula"Congnghiephoa
hudngvaoxuatkhau"hay"congnghiephoathaythenhap
khau".Thamkhaokinhnghiemcuanhieunudetren
nguyentacgiuvungdinhhudngxahoichunghia.chung
taduavaonhungcongnghecobannhumotn'entangcan
thietdetranhthuditat.dondau.kethopgiuatuantu
vanhayvot.Ngaytildau.m0tsonganhsedithSngvao
congnghemdi,congnghehiendainhat.Matkhac.dmot
songanh,chungtasetungbudchiendaihoacongnghe
truyenthong.Vilachutrongcongnghiephoahudngvao
xuatkhau.vuaquantarndenviecphathuyvadoimdi6congnghetruyenthong,chungtalamrodanmohinhcong
nghiephoa,hiendaihoaphuhopvdidi'eukienvahoan
canhcuaVietNam.Nhinlaichangdudng10namdoimdidatnude,chung
tathaykhoahocxahoivanhanvandaconhungbudc
tiendaivaconhi'eudonggopchosuphattrienkinhte-
xahoi.Trudchetphaikhangdinhrang,cungvdikhoahoc
tunhien,khoahockythuat,khoahocxahoivanhanvan
dacungcapdudenhungluancukhoahoclamcdsdcho
viechoachdinhnhieuchutruong,chinhsachcuaDang
vaNhanude,gopphanxaydungnhungnghiquyetcua
Dangtrong10namqua,nhddo,nhantoconngudiduoc
phathuynhumotdonglucchuyeutaoranhungchuyen
biennhanhchongtrongtangtrudngkinhte,nangcaomuc
song,daymanhsanxuat,tungbudcmdrongthitruong
vataodieukiendechuyengiaocongnghemdiv.v...Tuy
nhien,10namDoimdidoivdikhoahocxah0ivanhan
vanlamotthdigianratngan,trongkhido,6linhvucsan
xuat,dolathdigiandudevaibathehecongnghethay
thenhau.Dovay,cdthenoirang,tilDaihoil'anthuVI
cuaDangdennay,khoahocxah0ivanhanvandagop
dudemotphannaodovaoviectaoranhungtiendecho
sucatcanhcuadatnude.Nhungdecddudemotn'entang
tutudngchoviecduadantoedivaoquydaophattrien
tarncaocuathdidai,khoahocxahoivanhanvanse
phaiganhtrenvaiminhnhungnhiemvunangn'eva7khokhan,bdinliflngcong
vieccan giaiquyet con ratngon
ngangvabeb0n.Cauhoildnnhatdatratrudckhoahocxah0ivanhan
vantronglucnayla"khoahocxah0ivanhanvanphai
lamgidedongdudevaitrdlan'entang,lad0nglucdoi
vdicongnghiephoa,hiendaihoadatnude,gopphanvao
viechoachdinhnhungchinhsachxah0idumanhdedinh
hudngvadieutietquatrinhphattrienkinhte-xah0i?".Trongnhungnamtrudcmat,phainhanhchongtrang
bivatrangbilaicongnghehiendaichocaclinhvuchoat
d0ngtrongn'enkinhtequocdan,nhatlanhungnganh
chiemvitritrongyeu.Doivdinhiemvunay,khoahocxa
h0ivanhanvanphaithamgiaxaydungconngudivdiloi
songcdvanhoatudngungvditungbudchiendaihoacac
linhvucsanxuat.Hoatd0ng cuacacnganhdudetrang bicong
nghehiendaiphaimangphongcachcuan'encongnghiep
hiendai.Cungvdinhipd0tangtrudngkinhtenhdhiendai
hoacongnghe.phaiondinhxahoi.caithienddisong vatchat
tinhthanchocactangldpdancu,thuhepdansuchenhlech
trinhd0kinhte-xah0igiuacacvungtrongnude.Congnghiephoa.hiendaihoakhongchilaphattrien
congnghiep.khongchiduanhungdactinhcongnghiep
vaom0tsolinhvucsanxuat,maconlaquatrinhbao
trumlenmoilinhvuccuaddisong,trongdoquantrong
nhatlataoramditrudngphattrienconngudivditucachviialamuctieu,viialadonglucthucdayvanhoa,van
minhxahoi.Khoahocxahoivanhanvanphaidubao
duocmohinhnhancachthichhoptronggiaidoanphat
triencuatuonglai,chiitlatuonglaig'an,khoangmotvai
thapkytrudcmat.Trongquatrinhtrienkhaicongnghiephoa,hiendai
hoadatnude,chungtadongthdimdrongcochethi
trudngcdsuquanlycuanhanudetheodinhhudngxahoi
chunghia.Cungvdiviecbaodamnhipdotangtrudng
kinhtenhanhvabenvflng,Nhanudephaicdchinhsach
baodamcongbangvatienboxahoi.Saumaynamday
manhsuphattrienkinhtethitrudng,ddisongxahoida
cdnhQngkhdisacdangmiing.Song,matkhac,mattrai
cuakinhtethitrudngcungcdnhungtacdongkhongnho,
quado,trongxahoidienranhi'euquatrinhphuctapnhu
phanhoagiaungheo,phantangxahoi,motbOphandan
culamvaotinhtrangkhongtimkiemduocvieclam,tang
ldptusanmditiingbudchinhthanh,conemcongnong
dangngaycangkhovditdihocvandaihockhihocphi
giatangvuotxamucthunhapcuagiadinh,ngudingheo
tildodatracauhoibucbach:Khiomdau,hocodude
khamchuabenhkhong,neutrongtuikhongcdtien?v.
v...Khoahocxahoivanhanvankhongchilamnhiemvu
mdtanhungquatrinh,nhQnghientudngdangdienra,
maphaidisaunghiencuu,phantichchung,timracdsd
lyluanvathuctienchoviecxaydungnhungchinhsach9mdihoacbosungnhiingchinhsachdabanhanhde
dieutietquatrinhphattrien,giflavflngdinhhudngxa
hoichunghia.Suphattriencuakhoahoctunhienvakhoahocky
thuat,trongcdchekinhtethitrudngvamdrongquanhe
hdptac.liendoanhvdinudengoai,cangddihoikhoahoc
xahoivanhanvanduocquantarnthichdanghdn.Dola
dieukienquantrong,languyentacchidaosuphattrien
detranhroivaoquandiem"kytri"hay"quyetdinhluan
kythuat"trongtriethochoacxahoihoctubanchunghia
matrongdonguditadatuyetdoihoavaitroquyetdinh
cuakhoahockythuatvacongnghe.Quandiemayda
cudngdieuyeutokythuatmacoinheyeutoquanhexa
hoi,chedoxah0i,dongnhatsutienbocuakhoahocky
thuatvdisutienboxahoi.Quandiemayselammdnhat
vaxoanhoaranhgidithuctegiuacacchedoxahoikhac
nhau,langtranhvandegiaicapvadautranhgiaicap.NghiquyethoinghiTrunguong2khangdinhrang,
khoahoc,congnghe(trongdocdkhoahocxahoivanhan
van)vagiaodue,daotaolakhaudotphavaocongnghiep
hoavahiendaihoa.Dedapungddihoitrenday,trong
nhungnamtdi,khoahocxahpivanhanvanphaihudng
vaoviecthuchiennhungchucnangcdbancuaminh.Dola:-VandungsangtaochunghiaMac-Leninvatutudng
HoChiMinh.tiepthunhungthanhtuumdicuathegidi.10kethiianhunggiatrivanhoatruyenthongcuadantoe,
disaudieutra,nghiencuuthucte,tongketquatrinhddi
mdidatnudedexaydungluancukhoahocchocondudng
dilenchunghiaxahoi0nudeta,chochienluocphat
trienkinhte-xahoi,chocacchinhsachvakehoachldn.
Cungvdiviecnghiencuunhungvandelyluancoban,
khoahocxahoivanhanvanphaigopphangiaiquyet
nhungvandecapbachvekinhtevaxahoi;-Daymanhnghiencuunhungvandecdquanheden
viecxaydungquanhesanxuattrongdieukienphattrien
kinhtethitrudng,phattrienlucluOngsanxuat,thuchien
tiingbudchiendaihoadatnudevephuongdienxahoi,
dinhhudngchoviecnangcaotrinhd0congnghecuadat
nude,xacdinhhudngnhapcongnghetilbenngoai,tien
tdisangtaongaycangnhi'eucongnghemdidnhung
khauquyetdinhddivdisuphattriencuadatnudetrong
theky21.-Kethopchatchevdigiaoduevadaotao,khong
ngiingnangcaoti'emluctrituecuadantoe,nangcaonang
lucnoisinhcuadatnude:daotao,boidudng,sirdungd0i
ngukhoahocxah0ivanhanvancddutai,due,mdr0ng
cacnguoncungcapthongtin,xaydungnhancachcon
ngudiVietNamtheoyeuc'aucongnghiephoavahiendai
hoadatnude,thuchiencdchatludngvahieuquamuc
tieunangcaodantri,daotaonhanluc,boidudngnhantai.11Dedapungyeuc'aucuacongnghiephoa,hiendai
hoadatnude,dethuchientotnhQngchucnangcoban
cuakhoahocxahoivanhanvan,viecdanhgiasobo10
namddimdivaphattrien.linhvuckhoahocnaytrong
giaidoantilDaihoiVIdenhetnhiemkyDaihoiVIIcua
Danglacanthiet.Quado,chungtasethaydudenhQng
caimakhoahocxahoivanhanvanda. lamvadadat
duoc,cungnhunhungcaichungtacankhacphuc.Cuonsach"Khoahocxahoivanhanvan:10namdoi
moivaphattrien"duderamatbandocvdilydodo.Chac
chanbandocsethayrang,cuonsachchuathenoilenday
dunhQngthanhquacuakhoahocxahoivanhanvan
trong10namqua,chuathephananhhetnhungdonggop
cuanhQngngudilamcongtackhoahocxahoivanhan
vantrong10namtrantrdsuynghi,n6luctimtdidong
gopvavuotquabaokhokhanveddisong,vedieukien
lamviec.Tapthetacgiamongnhanduocnhungykiendong
gopcuabandocdesehoanthiennoidungcuonsach
nhamdapQnghonnuayeuc'auphattriennghiencuuva
giangdaykhoahocxahoivanhanvan.GS,PTS.PHAMTATDONGPhotrudngban,BankhoagiaoTW12ChurongICACCHUTRUONG,CHINHSACHCUADANGVA
NHANUOCDOIV6lKHOAHOCXAHOIVA
NHANvANTRONG10NAMQUAGS.PTS.PhamTatDongI.KhoahocxahoivanhanvandtfdianhsangddimOi
cuaDaihoiVIcuaDangDaihoidaibieutoanquoclanthuVIcuaDangcong
sanVietNam(12-1986)dathdiluonggioDOIMOivao
cuocsong,vaocaclinhvuchoatdongkinhte,xahoi,van
hoa,giaodue,quanly,khoahocv.v...Tronglinhvuccong
tacnghiencuukhoahoc,quatrinhdoimdituduydagiup
chochungtanhanthucduocsuchamtrecuakhoahoc
xahoi,sulachautrongcongtaclyluan.Ngay14-10-1987
taiHoinghjtongketcongtacnhankyniemlanthu20
ngaythanhUybanKhoahocxahoiVietNam(nayla
TrungtarnKhoahocxahoivaNhanvanQuocgia),dong
chiDoMudinhandjnhrang,...trongmotthdigiandaid
nudeta,khoahocxahoiphattrienkhongtheokipyeu
c'aucuanhiemvucachmang.DaihoilanthuVIcuaDang13dachirolanhi'eunamqua,nhanthuccuachungtave
chunghiaxahoiconhieuquanniemlachau,nhatla
nhungquanniemvecongnghiephoa,vecaitaoxahoi
chunghia,vecochequanlykinhte,vephanphoiluu
thongv.v...Dolamotnguyennhanchamphattrienvacu
thehoadudngloichungvadudngloikinhtetrongchang
dudngdaucuathdikyquado.Daihoidanhanmanhphai
ddimdituduy,phaicoitrongcongtacnghiencuulyluan
nhamcungcapnoidungkhoahocchoviecdoimdimoi
hoatdongddisongxahoi".Yeuc'audodatramotloatvandechokhoahocxa
hoivanhanvan.Dola:-ThamgiadaclucvaocongtaclyluancuaDang,gop
phanxaydungCuonglinhcachmangxahoichunghiad
nudetatrongthdikyquad0,lamsangtonhflngvande
lyluan,dacbietlatronglinhvucquanlykinhte,quanly
xahoitrencosdtongketthuctidntrongnudevatiepcan
nhanhvdinhungthanhtuulyluancuanudengoai.Tildo,
khoahocxahoitrdthanhcongcusacbentrongviecdoi
mdituduy,doimdinhanthuc;-Dambaothongtinchocongtaclanhdaovaquan
ly,chohoatdongnghiencuu.trienkhaivasanxuat.phat1.DoMudi.
"NhiemvucuakhoahocxahoitrongDoimdihiennay"
-TrungtarnKhoahocxahoivaNhanvanQuocgia40namxaydung vatriMngthanh.NX
B Khoahocxahoi-HaN Oi,1995,tr.
293.14trienmanhvanangcaochatluongthongtin,taothuan
loichoviectiepnhanthongtinkhoahocvakinhtetil
ngoainude;-Kethopchatchevdikhoahoctunhien,khoahoc
kythuatnhamlamchomdiphuonganphattrienkinhte
deuphaiduocxemxetvagiaiquyetcacmatxahoivacon
ngudivdinhungdacdiemriengvedantoe,truyenthong,
vanhoav.v...;-Doivdikhoahocxahoivanhanvan,NghiquyetDai
hoidaibieutoanquoclanthuVIcuaDangdakhangdinh
nhungphuonghudngxaydungcacchinhsachddivdikhoa
hocxahoivanhanvannhusau1:1.Caccdquankhoahoccandudesapxepvabotri
hdplytrencacviinglanhtho,ganchatkhoahocvdisan
xuatvaddisong,sudungtfemluckhoahocnhumotbo
phancauthanhcualucludng-sanxuatxahoi.Mdrdng
cachinhthuclienketgiCfakhoahocvdisanxuat;2.Phathuyvaitrocuacactrudngdaihocvatrung
hocchuyennghieptrongcongtacnghiencuutrienkhai
theonguyentackethdp"khoahoc-daotao-sanxuat".
Xaydungcactochuclienhiepkhoahoc-sanxuatvdi
hinhthucvaquimdthichhdp;1.MotsovankiencuaTrungilOngDangvaChinhphuvecongtac
khoagiao, NX B ChinhtriQuocgia,tr.
10-13.153.Thanhlapmotsotrungtamkhoahoc-kythuat
tonghopchonhungviingkinhtequantrong.Tochuctot
hoatdongcuacactrungtamungdungtienbocuakhoa
hoc-kythuat;4.Tangmucdautuchokhoahoc,kythuattunhi'eu
nguon(ngansachNhanude,quytucocuacososanxuat.
quytaptrungcuanganh,tindunguudaicuanganhang...).
Coitrongdautuchieusauvaquanlytotdesudungco
hieuquacosdvatchat-kythuathiencocuacaccoquan
khoahoc-kythuat;5.Mdrongvanangcaohieuquahoptacquocte,
thongquahoptacdenhanhchongnambatcacthanhtuu
khoahocthegidi;6.Daymanhphongtraotienquanvaokhoahocva
kythuat.Tongketvaapdungrongraicackinhnghiem
vadienhinhtientien;7.Nangcaotrinhdocuacaccanbocdtrachnhiem
chokipyeuc'aucuabudcphattrienmdivekhoahoc,
kythuat.DudianhsangNghiQuyetDaihoidaibieutoanquoc
lanthuVIcuaDang,khoahocxahoivanhanvandacd
nhungchuyenbientheohudngddimdituduyvadoimdi
tochuc.Trong56chudngtrinhtienbokhoahoc-kythuat
capNhanudethdiky1986-1990vdi876detaicdcac
chudngtrinhkhoahocxahoisauday:161)28-B:Nghiencuucosdkhoahoccuaviechoan
thientochucsanxuatvaddimdicochequanlynham
nangcaohieuquadaututrongxaydungcoban.2)48-C:Xaydungcosdkhoahoccuaquyhoachphat
trienkinhte-xahoivungTayNguyen.3)60-A:Dongbohoahethongquanlytienbokhoa
hockythuatcuaVietNam.4)70-A:Nghiencuuvaapdungcacthanhtuukhoa
hocvatienbokythuatphucvuvieclaptongsodophat
trienvaphanbolucluongsanxuatdVietNamlanthu2.5)98-A:Nghiencuucosdkhoahoccuamotsovan
dechuyeuvequanlykinhtenhamdexuat,kiennghive
hoanthiencochequanlykinhtedVietNam.6)98-B:Nghiencuuvaapdungdongbocactienbd
khoahocvakythuat,cacbienphapvetochucvaquan
lykhuyenkhichphattriensanxuattieucongnghiep,thu
congnghieptheohudngkethoptruyenthongvdihiendai.7)Caicachgiaodue.8)ChinhsachThehetre.Nhungchuongtrinhkhoahocxahoivanhanvantren
daylatiendededidenviecxaydunghechuongtrinh
nghienciiuvelinhvucnaytronggiaidoantieptheo.Su
chidaochatchecuaTrunguongDanglamcho"khoahoc17xahoivanhanvansauDaihoiVIdatub6khuynhhudng
nghiencuucotinhchathanlam,kinhvien,xarbithuc
tien,nangvethuyetminh,minhhoamotchi'eucuanhung
giaidoantrudc,chuyensangnghiencuunhungvandeviia co ban, viia
capbach vekinh te - xa hoi - van hoa - tu
tudng...DephucvuDaihoiVII,khoahocxahoivanhanvan
daduoctaptrunggiaiquyetnhieu
vandequantrongnhu:-NguyennhanvanhQngbaihocrutratususupdo
cuachedoxahoichunghiadcacnudeDongAuvasu
tanracuaLienXo.-Chunghiaxahoidanchu.-NhQngbiendoitrongcacquanhequocte,dubao
xuhudngphattriencuathegidivakhuvuctrongnhung
thapkytdi.-NhQngtieuchuanchuyeuketthucchangdudngdau
tiencuathdikyquadolenchunghiaxahoidnudetava
nhungbienphapldndehoanthanhchangdudngnay.-Tinhchat,dacdiemcuacuockhunghoangkinhte-xahoidnudetavacondudngthoatrakhoicuockhunghoangdo.-NhQngbienphapchonglamphat.1.50namkhoahocvacongngheVi
etNam( 1945- 1995) -Nhaxuat banKhoahocvakythuat-HaNoi, 1995,tr.
373.18Khoahocxahoivanhanvantronggiaidoannayduoc
dattrudcyeucaucuaDanglaphaikhacphucsuthoatly
thucte,netranhnhflngvandephuctap,duongdauvdi
thuctinvaditrudcthuctien,khongduocghichepdon
gianhaythuyetminhchothuctiln.TrunguongDangda hudngkhoahoc xahoi
vanhanvanchuyenmanhvaophuc
vuthuctienvalaycongtaclyluanlamkhauthenchot
chosuphattrienlinhvuckhoahocnay.II.Nghiquyet26-NQ/TW-NhUngvandedatratrtfdc
khoahocxahoivanhanvanTientdiDaihoidaibieutoanquoclanthuVIIcua
Dang,khoahocxahoivanhanvandataptrungnghien
cuunhflngvandecdbandatratrongCudnglinhchinh
trivaChienludcondjnhvaphattrienkinhte-xahoi.
Dongthdi,lucludngkhoahocxahoivanhanvancung
thamgiatichcuevaocacvankienkhaccuaDaihoiVII.TaiDaihoilannay,BanChaphanhTrunguongDang
nhanmanhrang,khoahocxahoivanhanvanphaigop
phanxflngdangtrongviecdoimdituduy,xaydungluan
cukhoahocchocondudnglenchunghiaxahoidnude
ta,xaydunglaptrudng,quandiem,ythucnhaneachdung
dan,khacphucnhungtutudngsailam.Vandungsang
taovaphattrienhocthuyetMac-Lenin,tutudngHo
ChiMinh.tongketkinhnghiemthuctiencuanudetava19tiepthucochonlocnhflngthanhtuukhoahocthegidi,
duocxacdinhlanhiemvuchuyeucuakhoahocxahoi.
Dongthdi,NghiquyetcuaDaihoiVIImotlannflanhac
lairang,phaikhacphucsuchamtr6cuakhoahocxahoi,
ddimdimotcachcanbannoidungvaphuongphapgiang
daycacbomonkhoahocMac-Lenin,khoahockinhte,
khoahocquanly,phattriennhanhcacnganhkinhtehoc,
xahoihoc,luathoc,khoahocchinhtri.Matkhac,khoa
hocxahoivanhanvanphaitaocosdlyluanchocachoat
dongtrenmattrantutudngnhamtangcudngtrandiatu
tudngxahoichunghia,khacphucnhungquandiemlech
lac,dautranhchongnhungtutudngvaluandieuthudich.Ngay30-3-1991,BoChinhtriBanchaphanhTrung
uongDangcongsanVietNamdabanhanhNghiquyet
sd26-NQ/TWvekhoahocvacongnghetrongthdikyDdi
mdi.BoChinhtrinhandinhrang,trongdieukienlam
viecvasinhhoathetsiickhokhan,doingucanbokhoa
hocvacongnghetiepthududenhi'euthanhtuumdicua
khoahocvacongnghehiendai,gopphantichcuevao
viecsoanthaoCuonglinhcuaDang,Chienluockhoahoc
vacongnghenudeta.Motsdchinhsachmdi-cuaDang
vaNhanudedacdtacdungcaitienquanlykhoahocva
congnghephuhdpvdin'enkinhtehanghoanhi'euthanh
phan.Motsdmdhinhlienketnghiencuukhoahoc.dao
taovdisanxuatdaxuathien.20BoChinhtrichorang,tuydaconhCfngtinbo,nhung
khoahocxahoivanhanvanvanchamtrongphattrien,
dovay,chuadapungduocnhungyeuc'aubiicxuccua
congcuocDdimdi.Vdinhflngvandeldnvacobancua
thdidai,trudchetlanhiingvandechunghiaxahoiva
chunghiatubanhiendai,lygiaicuakhoahoc xahoichua
cdsuethuyetphuccao.Nghiquyet26-NQ/TWcuaBo
Chinhtriddihoikhoahocxahoivanhanvanphaivuon
lendedusuecungcapnhungluancuchoviechoachdinh
dudngloi,chinhsach,ddimdicochequanlykinhte-xa
hoi,giaoduethegidiquanMac-Lenin,boidudngnhan
sinhquanvadaoduecachmang.Nghiquyet26-NQ/TWchiranhungnguyennhanda
dindensututhaucuakhoahoc xahoivanhan van.Trudc
het,motsdcapuyDangvacapchinhquy'enchuathay
hetduocsucanthietphaicocosdkhoahoccuatungchu
truong,chinhsach,dovay,chuadatviecchidaonghien
cuukhoahocvaonoidungcongtacquanly-lanhdao
vatochuc.Chinhsach,chedodaingocanbokhoahoc
connhi'eudieubathoply,tienluongconmangnangtinh
binhquanchunghia,laodongchatxamrehonlaodong
giandon.Viecdautuchokhoahocconthap,trongkhi
do,sudungkinhphidautulaichuacdhieuquacao.Dpi
ngukhoahocthieudongbo,thieunhi'euchuyengiaco
nanglucchutrinhungchudngtrinh,nhungdetaikhoa
hocldnvaquantrongdoivdiquocke,dansinh.Viecto21chucdoingucanb0khoahocvasapxepcoquannghien
cuuconnhi'eudiemphaiduocdieuchinhlaivatieptuc
doimoi.Congtacquanlykhoahoctuydacaitien,nhung
veinconhunglongleo,sohd6ch6nay,ch6khac.Nghi
quyet26-NQ/TWchorang,khoahoc xahoi6nudetachua
tiepcannhi'euvdithongtinvathanhtuumdicuakhoa
hocthegidi.Nghjquyet26-NQ/TWdaxacdinh3chucnangcoban
cuakhoahocvacongnghe(tatnhientrongdocdkhoa
hocxah0ivanhanvan)nhusau:1a)Xaydungluancukhoahocchocondudngdilen
chunghiaxah0idnudeta.cacquyetdinhldn,tildinh
hudngchienluocphattrienkinhte-xah0idennhung
vandecuthenhucacchinhsach,quyhoach,kehoach
duandautuv.v...dtatcacaccaplanhdaocuaDangva
Nhanude.b)Lacongcudeddimdiquanly,ddimdicongnghe,
dualucluongsanxuatlentrinhd0phattrienmdi,conang
suat,chatluong,hieuquacaonhamhiendaihoadatnude.c)Nangcaodantri.daotaonhanluc,boidudngnhan
tai,giaoduethegidiquankhoahoc,phattrientritueva
nanglucsangtaocuaconngudiVietNam,xaydungn'en
khoahoctientiencuanudeta.1.Tri chtilNghiquyetso26- NQ/TW(ngay30- 3-
1991) cuaBoChi nh triBanchaphanhTrungiMngDangcongsanVi et
Nam(khoaVI I ) .22Til3chucnangcobantrenday,khoahocxahoiva
nhanvanco3nhiemvuviiamangtinhcapbach,viiachua
dungtinhcobancoynghiachienluoc:1.Trencos6vandungsangtaovaphattrienhoc
thuyetMac-Lenin,tutudngHoChiMinh,tienhanh
nghiencuunhungvandecosdlyluandehoanthientrien
khaiCuonglinhxaydungchunghiaxahoi,Chienluocon
dinhvaphattrienkinhte-xahoidnudeta.Cdthecu
thehoathanhmayhudngnghiencuuldnnhusau:-VaitrocuaNhanudetrongn'enkinhtehanghoa
nhi'euthanhphandilenchunghiaxahoi;-Ddimdicochequanlykinhte,taichinh,nganhang,
tiente,chonglamphat,quanhekehoach-thitrudng,
vandesdhUu...;-Condudng,budcdi,hinhthuccuaquatrinhcong
nghiephoa,chuyendichcocaukinhte;-Cocauxahoivachinhsachxahoi(disauvaotiing
linhvuclichsu,vanhoa,daodue,dantoe,tongiao,dan
cu,laodong,yte,giaodue...);-Ddimdihethongchinhtri,doimdisulanhdaocua
Dang,xaydungNhanudephaprquyenvan'endanchuxa
hoichunghia;-Tangcudngcongtacquocphong,anninh,ddingoai
trongtinhhinhmdi;23-Ddimdinoidung,phuongphapgiangdaycacbo
monkhoahocMac-Lenin,khoahockinhte,khoahoc
quanly.2.Nghiencuuvaapdungcacthanhtuukhoahocva
congnghenhamthuchiencdhieuqua3chuongtrinhkinh
xldnvanlrflngmuctieuphattrienkinhte-xahoiquan
trong.Thuocnhiemvunay,khoahocxahoivanhanvan
disaunghiencuucaclinhvucsau:-Phuonghudngtaoracacnganhnghemdi,hinhthanh
nhi'euvieclammdi,phanbohoplylucluongsanxuat,
xaydungnongthonmdi;-Chinhsachgiamtilegiatangdansd,baovevacham
socsuekhoechonhandan;-ChuyendichcocaukinhtetheohuOnghiendai;-PhuongthucduakhoahocvacongnghemOivao
kinhtequocdoanh,kinhtetapthe,kinhtegiadinh.3.Xaydungvaphattrienti'emluckhoahocxahoiva
nhanvandedusuegiaiquyetnhOngvandedocuocsong
datra.Viectrienkhainhiemvunaycdnhi'eulinhvuccu
thesauday:-Xaydungquihoachtongthevakehoachdaotao.
boidudngdoingucanbokhoahoc,tangcudnglucluong
canbotrechocaccoquannghiencuuvatrienkhai(dac
bietchutrongdoingucanbonghiencuukhoahocxahoi24vanhanvanchocacvienvatrudngdaihoc,canboquan
lykinhte,quanlyNhanude,canb0giaodue,canbo
kinhdoanh...);-Phocapkienthuckhoahocchonhandanlaodong;-Xaydungkehoachphathiennangkhieutubacpho
thongdetaonguonnhantaichodatnude;-Mdrongdaotaotrendaihoctrongnude,dongthdi
xaydungchinhsachduhoctheocondudngtutuc;-Xaydunghethongthongtinkhoahochiendai.Dethuchien3chucnang
va3nhiemvutrenday,Nghi
quyet26-NQ/TWdaduara8bienphapchuyeu,baogbm:a)Xaydungquychedanchutrongsinhhoatkhoa
hoc,khuyenkhichcacnhakhoahoctimtdivatranhluan
delamsangtochanlykhachquan,khacphuccachien
tuongdocdoan,docquyen,doctontrongkhoahoc.b)Tangdautuchocachoatdongkhoahocvacong
nghetilnhi'eunguon,danhitnhat2%ngansachhangnam
chosunghiepkhoahocnoichung,trongdocdkhoahoc
xahoivanhanvan.Caccosdsanxuatkinhdoanhcan
danhmotphanvoncuaminhdechichocongtacnghien
cuu.Caccdquankhoahocdudekinhdoanhcacsanpham
dohoatdongnghienciiutaora.Nhanudecdchinhsach
uudaivetindungvathuedoivdinhunghoatdongdo.25c)Mdronghoptacquoctevekhoahoc,dadanghoa
cachinhthuchoptac,svidungsugiupddcuaquoctede
hiendaihoacosdvatchat-kythuatchonghiencuuva
trienkhai,chodaotao,boidudngcanbo.d)Kientoanhethongcactochuckhoahoc,ganhoat
dongnghiencuu,lingdungvatrienkhaivdinhucauphat
trienkinhte-xahoi.Taptrungxaydungmotsocosd
nghiencuutrongdiemcuaNhanude.Cactrudngdaihoc
vualacosddaotao,viialacosdnghiencuuvaungdung
khoahoc,congnghe.Cungcdcachoidongkhoahoc
chuyennganhdelamtotchucnangtuvan,thamdinh,
danhgia,nghiemthuddivdicaccongtrinhkhoahoc.e)Hoanthiencochequanlykhoahocvacongnghe,
mdrongquyenchudongcuacaccosdnghiencuuvatrien
khai,lamchogiuacoquanquanlykhoahocvacoquan
kehoach-taichinhcosuphoihopchatchetrongviec
thuchiencacchuongtrinh,cacduankhoahoc.g)Daymanhphongtraolaodongsangtaotrongcac
nganh,caccap,cacdonvisanxuat,kinhdoanh,dichvu.
Khuyenkhichcaclucluonglamcongtactuyentruyenpho
bienkienthuckhoahocvaocuocsong.Phathuyvaitro
cuacachoikhoahoctrongviectaphoptrithucvathuc
hienchucnangtuvan,giamdinh,phanbienxahoidoi
vdicacduankhoahoc.26h)Taomoitrudngthuanlpidekhoahocxahoiva
nhanvanphattrienthongquanhflngchinhsachkhuyen
khichtiepthu,ungdungkhoahoccungnhuthongqua
viecmdrongsanxuathanghoatheocochethitrudng,
khuyenkhichcanhtranh,taoranhuc'aukhoahoctrong
caccosdsailxuat,kinhdoanh,dichvuthuoccacthanh
phankinhte.i)Thanhlaphoidongchinhsachkhoahocvacong
nghequocgiadechidaoviecxaydungchienluocvake
hoachphattrienkhoahoc,congnghe.Tambienphaptrendayduocthuchiendongbosela
dieukienbaodamvaitrothenchotcuakhoahocvacong
nghe(trongdocdkhoahocxahoivanhanvan)"trongsu
phattrienlucluongsanxuatvanangcaotrinhdoquan
ly,baodamchatluongvatoedophattriencuan'enkinh
te".SukhangdinhtrendaytrongCuonglinhchinhtri
cuaDangdadanhdaumotmocmdivebudctiencua
quanniemchinhsachdoivdikhoahocvacongnghe:
"Khoahocvacongnghe,giaoduevadaotaophaiduoc
xemlaquocsachhangdau".1.CuonglinhxaydtfngdatnitOctrongthoikyquadolenchunghiaxa
hoi.NhaxuatbanSitthat,HaNoi, 1991, tr. 13.2.
Sdd.27Tilnhanthucnoitren,viecxaydungcacchinhsach
khoahocvacongnghesetheonhQnghudngsauday:1-Mdrongquyenchudongcuacaccosdnghiencihi
vatrienkhai;giaodetainghiencuutheophuongthucdat
hang,dauth'au.Caccosdnghiencuukhoahockyhop
dongtruetiepvdicacdoanhnghiepthuoccacthanhphan
kinhtedetienhanhcachoatdongnghiencuu.-Tangdautuchonghiencuukhoahocvacongnghe
bangnhi'eunguonvon.NgansachNhanudechuyeuduoc
sirdungdexaydungcaccosdnghiencuukhoahocva
trienkhaicacnhiemvunghiencuucoynghiaquocgia.-Khuyenkhichsangtaovatranhluankhoahoc,phat
huydanchu,chongdocquyen,doctontrongkhoahoc.-Moitochucvacanhandeucoquyennghiencuu,
lamdichvukhoahocvacongnghetheophapluat.-Xaydungmotsotochucnghiencuu-daotao-san
xuattamcflquocgiatrongmotsolinhcuecongnghecao,
taoracacmuinhontheokiptrinhdoquocte.-Dadanghoavanangcaohieuquahoptacquocte
vekhoahocvacongnghe,tranhthusuhoptacvataitro
cuacacnude,cactochucvacanhan,cacnhakhoahoc
langudiVietdnudengoai.!.Chi
enlitOcond|nhvaphattrienkinhte-xahOidennam2000. Nha
xuatbanSitthat,HaNoi, 1991, tr.
39-41.28-Daymanhphongtraotoandanhoctap,tiepthu,
lingdung,lamchucactienbokhoahocvacongnghe.-Daymanhviecungdungkythuatmdi,chuyengiao
congngheganvdidaotaocanbokythuatchomiennui.III.Khoahocxahoivanhanvantrudcyeucauvecong
taclyluantrongnghiquyetOl-NQ/TWNgay28-3-1992,saudung1nambanhanhNghiquyet
26-NQ/TWvekhoahocvacongnghe,BoChinhtriBan
chaphanhTrunguongDangcongsanVietNam(khoa
VII)dacoNghiquyetsoOl-NQ/TW"Vecongtaclyluan
tronggiaidoanhiennay".Nhiemvucobancuacongtac
lyluanduocxacdinhlatongketcolyluannhQngkinh
nghiemcobantrongcongcuocdoimdinhamphucvu
viecchuanbichoH0inghidaibieutoanquocgiflanhiem
kyvaDaihoiDanglanthuVIII.Trungtamcuacongtac
lyluanlalamsangtohonnflacancukhoahocvathuc
tiencuaviecxaydungmohinhvecondudngdilenchu
nghiaxahoi6VietNam.Dethuchiennhiemvuneutren,BoChinhtriduara
4phuongchamchidaola:-Quantrietbanchatcachmangvakhoahoccuachu
nghiaMac-Lenin,tutudngHoChiMinh,phathuytinh
doclapsangtao,kethuanhungtinhhoatrituecuadan
toe,nhungkinhnghiemvathanhtuukhoahoccuathegidi;29-GanchatlyluanvdithuctiSn,giQayeucautrudc
matvdinhiemvulaudai,giQanghiencuucobanvdi
nghiencuuungdung;-Phathuytudotutudng vatinhsangtaotrongnghien
cuulyluan,kethopthongnhattinhkhoahocvditinh
dang,giQakhoahocvdichinhtri;-Congtaclyluanvakhoahocxahoiphaithehien
sukethopchatchegiQakhoahocxahoivdikhoahoctu
nhien,khoahockythuat.Vdi4phuongchamdo,congtaclyluansauDaihoi
VIIduoctrienkhaitheo9hudngsauday:1.KhangdinhvalamronhQngnguyenlycobancua
chunghiaMac-Lenin,nhQngvandecannhanthucdung
vanhQngvandecanbosung.Nghiencuutoandienvahe
thongtutudngHoChiMinh;2.NghiencuukinhnghiemlichsQhon70namcuachu
nghiaxahoihienthuc,nhQngbaihocrutratucaitova
susupdocuachunghiaxahoidLienXovaDongAu.
Dongthdinghiencuunhungvandethdidai:chunghia
tubanhiendai,trattuthegidimdi,xuhudngphattrien
cuathegidivacuakhuvuc;3.Phattrienvahoanchinhhethongluancukhoahoc
cu-asuluachoncondudngdilenchunghiaxahoidnude30ta,lamrobanchatvanhflngdactrungcuamohinhchu
nghiaxahoi6VietNam;4.Nhiingvandekinhtehanghoanhi'euthanhphan
theodinhhudngxahoichunghia,vandongtheocoche
thitruong,cosuquanlycuaNhanude;5.Ddimdihethongchinhtri,cuthehoacachinhthuc
quanheDang-Nhanude-Doanthenhandanmatrung
tamlaxaydungDangtrongdieukienDanglanhdao
Nhanude;6.MoiquanhegiUatruyenthongvahiendai,giua
phathuybansacvanhoadantoevditiepthutinhhoa
vanhoathegidi;nhUngvandeconngudi,daodue,loi
song,tutudng,nghethuat,tongiao,dantoe...trongdieu
kienkinhtehanghoavamdciia;7.Ddimdichuongtrinh,noidung,phuongphapgiao
duechunghiaMac-Lenin,tutudngHoChiMinh;8.Dautranhtutudnglyluantheoyeuc'aucuasu
nghiepdoimdi.Khacphucchunghiagiaodieuvachu
nghiakinhnghiem.Chongchunghiacohoihuukhuynh
vaxetlai;9.Congtacquocphong,anninh.Chongammuuva
thudoan"di6nbienhoabinh"cuachunghiadequocva
thelyephandong.31Tilnhunghudngnghiencuu trendaycohangloatbien
phapduocderanhuphattriendoingucanbolyluan,
xaydungquychehoatdongnghiencuuvaquanlycong
taclyluan,tochuclaicaccoquanlyluancuaDangva
Nhanuocvacacdoanthenhandan,hiendaihoacoso
vatchat-kythuatchocongtaclyluan,mdronghoptac
quocte...IV.Silhinhthanhhechuongtrinhnghiencihikhoahoc
xahoivanhanvanTrongkehoachkhoahoc-congnghethuocgiaidoan
1991-1995,ThutuongChinhphudapheduyet10chuong
trinhvekhoahocxahoivanhanvancomasotilKX.01
denKX.10gom153detailOn.Tilmotgiacd0naodoma
xet,hechuongtrinhnaylasubieuhiensinhdongcua
nhungnhanthucvanhUngquandiemdungdanvevaitro,
vitricuakhoahocxahoivanhanvantrongsuphattrien
kinhte-xahoi,trongsunghiepcachmangcuanhandan
ta.Cothenoi,tilnam1991,landautientronghethong
kehoachhoakhoahocvacongnghe,nhungnhiemvu
nghiencuutronglinhvuckhoahocxahoivanhanvanda
duocxaydungthanhhechuongtrinhrieng.Hechuong
trinhnayduocdautu38,030tydong.Thamgiavao10chuongtrinhKXcotdihangnehin
nhakhoahoc,tunhungcanbocaotuoidennhungcan32botre,gomnhi'eugiaosuvaphogiaosu,tiensivapho
tiensi,thacsivacUnhankhoahoc6caccoquannghien
cuu,cactrudngdaihoc,cacbonganh6trunguong,nhi'eu
canbonghiencuuvaquanly6diaphuong.Hethong
chuongtrinhKXcapNhanudecoquymdldn,decapkha
toandientdinhungvandekinhte-xahoitronggiaidoan
mddauthapkycuoicungcuathekythU20.Hethong
chuongtrinhnaythehienronetsuddimdicongtacto
chucnghiencuukhoahocvaphuongthuckhacphucsu
chamtrecuakhoahocxahoivanhanvan.Ketquala,
153detaildnvahon1000detainhanhdacdnhiingdong
gopmdikhongnhovaocongtaclyluanvathucti6ncua
datnude.Saudaylavainetkhaiquatvenhungcaimdi
matungchuongtrinhdamanglai,quado,chungtacd
thethayduoctinhdungdancuachinhsachdaymanh
hoatdongkhoahocxahoivanhanvangiaidoan
1991-1995.ChUdngtrinhKX.01-"Nhungvandelyluanvechu
nghiaxahoivavecondudngdilenchunghiaxahoid
nudeta"(15detai):-Luanchungvemothudngtiepcanmditrongnghien
cuuvechunghiaxahoi,trencosddophantiehsucan
thietphaiapdungphuongphapliennganhnhamlamsang
tonhflngvandelyluanvathuctiencuacondudngdilen
chunghiaxahoidnudeta.33-Nghiencuuhethongquandiemcuacacnhakinh
diencuachunghiaMac-LeninvaChutichHoChiMinh
vechunghiaxahOi.-Phantichmotcachkhoahocvedacdiemvaxuthe
cuathegidingaynay,gopphanlygiaivedinhhudngxa
hoichunghia.-Khangdinhnguyentacdoimditheodinhhudngxa
hoichunghiadnudeta(neuratuDaihoiVI,duocDai
hoiVIIvaVIIIbosung).ChUOng trinh
KX.02-"TutudngHoChiMinh"(13detai):-XacdinhnoidungkhainiemtutudngHoChiMinh
(tutudngdoclapdantoevachunghiaxahoi,kethop
chunghiayeunudevdichunghiaquoctecuagiaicapcong
nhan,kethopsuemanhdantoevdisuemanhthdidai).-XacdinhhethongtutudngHoChiMinh(tutudng
vedantoevacachmanggiaiphongdant0c;tutudngve
chunghiaxahoivacondudngdilenchunghiaxah0id
VietNam;tutudngvetochucvaxaydunglucluongcach
mang;tutudngchidaochienluocvasachluoctrongdau
tranhcachmang;tutudngxaydungn'envanhoamdi.con
ngudimdi).-NenlenphuongphapcachmangcuaHoChiMinh
(kethopsangtaophuongphapluancuachunghiaMac-Leninvdisuthiiakecdchonloccacphuongphapsuv34nghivahanhdongcuacacnhatutudng,chinhtri,quan
suVietNam...).-Chiraphuongphapluanvaphuongphapnghiencuu
HoChiMinh.Chudng trinhKX.03-"Doimdi vahoanthiencacchinh
sachkinhtevacochequanlykinhte"(26detai):-Chonloc,bosungvahethonghoanhiingvandely
luanvekinhte,quanlyvaluatphapphuhopvdithuc
ti6nddimdikinhtedVietNam;-Neulenphuonghudngxaydungcacchinhsach,co
chequanlykinhte
vaphapluattrongnhiingnamddimdi;-Xaydungdongbohethongquandiemvanoidung
chuyeucuachungdelamcosdphuongphapluanvadinh
huongchoviecddimdichinhsach,doimdicochequan ly
;kinhte;-Dexuatphuonghudng,noidung,bienphaplamco
sdchoviechinhthanhdongbochinhsach,cochequan ly
valuatkinhtedebaodamtangtrudngkinhtebenvUng
dVietNam;-Phacthaonoidungvacacbophancauthanhcua
mdhinhquanlykinhte0VietNam.ChUdngtrinhKX.04-"Nhungluancukhoahoccho
viecddimdichinhsachxahoivacochequanlyviecthuc
hienchinhsachxahoi"(17detai):35-TrinhbaycohethongnhQngquandiemcuachu
nghiaMac-Lenin,tutudngHoChiMinh vakinhnghiem
cuathegidivecacvandexahoivachinhsachxahOi;-CungcapmotkhoiluongldnnhQngdQlieuchoviec
phantich,danhgiathuctrangcocauxahoivathuchien
chinhsachxahoitrongdieukienchuyenddicocauvaco
chequanlykinhte;-Khangdinhchinhsachxahpilasuthechehoahe
thongquandiem,chutruongcuaDang vaNhanudenham
dieuhoacacmdiquanheloiichgiQacactangldpdancu
debaodamondinh,anninh,tienbo,congbangxahoi,
trongdo,suphattrientoandiencuaconngudilamuc
tieucaonhat;-Khangdinhtrietlynhanvanduocthamnhu'antrong
chinhsachxah0ilagiaiphaptdiUudehanchemattraicua
cochethitrudng,lacosdtaonensudongthuanxahoi;-Kiennghivemuctieutongquatvahequandiem
cuaviectieptucddimOicacchinhsachxahoi(Nhi'eu
kiennghidaduocthehientrongbaocaocuaChinhphii
taiHoinghiCopenhagenvephattrienxahoi);-Dexuatmotquitrinhthietketvamotcochevan
hanhdeduacacchinhsachxahoivaocuocsong,nhan
manhtheki'engbachan"Nhanude-congdong-canhan"
trongviecxaydungvathucthicacchinhsachxahoi.36ChuongtrinhKX.05-"Hethongchinhtritrongthdi
kyquadolenchunghiaxahoidnudeta"(12detai):-Phantichhethongchinhtri6cacnudetubanphat
trien,neulendacdiemhiendaivavaitrocuacactochuc
phiChinhphutrongnhQngvandexahoimaNhanude
khongbaoquathet,vaitrocuathongtindaichungdang
trdthanhmotlucluongchinhtritoldn;-TrinhbaylichsQhinhthanhhethongchinhtrid
VietNam,disauvaonhQngdactrungcuahethongchinh
tricachmang;-Xaydungnguyentactochuchethongchinhtri,nhan
manhtinhnhandan,tinhdantoe,tinhnhatnguyenchinh
tri,tinhdinhhudngxahoichunghia,tinhquadov.v...;-Phantichtinhhinhcongtaccanbotronghethong
chinhtricuatatrongnhungnamqua.ChuongtrinhKX.06-"Vanhoa,vanminhvisuphat
trienvatienboxahoi"(17detai):-Neulennhanthucmdivevaitrdcuavanhoadoi
vdisyphattrienkinhte-xahoitronggiaidoanchuyen
sangnenkinhtethitrudngtheodinhhudngxahoi
chunghia;-Khangdinhsuthongnhatgiuatruyenthongvdihien
daisetaonensyphattriennhanhvabenvung.Truyen
thongvadoimdicdtinhlientuc;37-Trongthdidaiphattrientheoxuhudngtoancau
hoan'enkinhte,sanphamlaodongcancdhamluongtri
tuecao,songcungratcanhamluongbansacdantoe;-Giuginbansacvanhoalamotyeutoquyetdinh
phattriennanglucnoisinhcuadatnude;-Khangdinhnhunggiatrivanhoacanchocongcuoc
ddimdivaphattriendnudetatronggiaidoanmdi.ChuongtrinhKX.07-"ConngudiVietNam-muctieu
1adongluccuasuphattrienkinhte-xahoi"(18detai):-Datlaivitrivavaitrdconnguditrongtientrinh
thuchiencongcuocdoimdi;-Khangdinhphuongphaptiepcanhoatdong-gia
tritrongnghiencuunhaneach;-PhachoahientrangconngudiVietNam(matmanhva
mathanche),vecacmatsinhthe,dinhdudng,suekhoe.nhan
cach(xuthechuyenbiencuathanggiatrivathanggiatrimdi);-Khangdinhvaitrddachucnangtruyenthongcua
giadinhVietNam-Giadinhlamotgiatricobantrong
hegiatricuangudiVietNam.-Neulenhethongcactruyenthongtinhthancuadant0cVietNam:-Hinhthanhluancukhoahocvemdhinhconngudi
VietNamdautheky21(giaidoandaymanhcongnghiep
hoa,hiendaihoadatnude).38ChuongtrinhKX.08-"Phattrientoandienkinhte-
xahoinongthonVietNam"(11detai):-TrinhbaynhiingykienkhacnhaugiQacachocgia
vemdiquanhenongnghiep-congnghiep,thanhthi,
nongthon;-Nghiencuutongquatcacbaihockinhnghiemphat
triennongthoncuamotsdnude,thuctrangnongnghiep
cuanudeta.Tudo,gopthemtulieuchoviecchuanbi
HoinghiTrunguong5(khoaVII);-Danhgianhungdieukienbaodamchosuphattrien
benvung:tangtrudngkinhte,nangcaovanhoaxahoi
vacaithienmditrudngsinhthai;-NeulensutuythuoccuaxuthephattrienbenvCtng
vaococaukinhtechuyendichtheohudngtienbovaphan
phoithunhapxahoiphaibaodamcongbang;-Luuycacanhhudngcua"kinhtemd"va"vanhoa
md"cdmatthuanvanghjchtruetiepvatruedienvdinong
thonvanongdan;-Trinhbay7quandiemphattriennongthon,trongdo
luuyquandiemkethuavathichung,phattrientoandien va
benvflng,laykhoahocvacongnghelamdonglucchinh;-Nhanmanhsucanthietphaikhacphuctinhtrang
dautuphantan,dieuhanhnhi'eudaumdikemhieuqua
khixaydungduanphattriennongthon.39ChuongtrinhKX.09-"Chienluocanninhvaquoc
phOngtronggiaidoanmdi"(15detai):-Trinhbaynhungthaydditrongquanniemthu,ban,
luuychunghiadantoe,nudeldn;-Chiranhungthudoancuachunghiadequocvacac
thelucthudichquakhongchi"chientranhcung",macon
ca"chientranhmem"venhieujinhvuckinhte,vanhoa,
loisong,ngoaigiaov.v...;-Nhungnguyco"n0isinh":suchechhudngxahOichu
nghia,nanthamnhung,sumdnhatbansacdantoe...;-BaoveToquocphaiganlienvdibaoveDang;-MdiquanhehuucogiUaquocphongvaanninh;-MdiquanhegiQaanninhsinhtonvaanninhphattrien.ChUOngtrinhKX.10-"ChunghiaMac-Lenintrong
thdidaichungtavanoidungbogiaotrinhquocgiacac
monhocMac-Lenin,tutudngHoChiMinh"(9detai):-Tren4vandecotloicuachunghiaMac-Lenin
(Hocthuyetvehinhthaikinhte-xahoi,vegiatrithang
du,vesumenhlichsucuagiaicapcongnhan,vethdi
dai),chuongtrinhxaydung5bogiaotrinhquocgiavdi
84chuong,biensoan734phamtruvakhainiemkhoahoc;-Phephancacluandieu
xuyentac,phudinhchunghia
Mac-Lenin,tutudngH'dChiMinh;40-Xaydungnhiingnguyentacvaphuongphapddimdi
viecgiangdaycacmonkhoahocMac-Lenin,tutudng
HoChiMinh;-Lenquihoachdaotaocanbonghiencuuvagiang
daycacbomonMac-Lenin,tutudngH'dChiMinh,xay
dungkehoachcapbangthacsichotren500canboda
quacackhoadaotaochuyentu,nghiencuusinhtaiHoc
vienchinhtriquocgiaHoChiMinh.V.CacchuongtrinhKHXHgiaidoan1996-2000Dencuoinam1995,cacchuongtrinhnghiencuukhoa
hocxahoivanhanvanmangmasdKXdaketthuc.
ThudngvuBoChinhtriTrunguongDangcongsanViet
Namdachoykienvephuonghudngnghiencuukhoahoc
xahoitronggiaidoan1996-20001.Cd3hudngphucvu
chosulanhdaocuaDangla:-CondudngdilenchunghiaxahoidVietNam;-Chunghiatubanhiendai;-TangcudngsulanhdaocuaDangvanangcaosue
chiendaucuaDangtrongthdikymdi.Ngoai3hudngnoitren,BoChinhtriyeuc'auphaicd
motchuongtrinhnghiencuudacbietvechienluocbao1.Xe mThongbaoso01-
TB/TWngay6- 7- 1996cuaVanphongTrung UOngDangcongsanVi et
Nam.41veToquocVietNamxahoichunghiatrongsunghiep
congnghiephoa,hiendaihoadatnude.Ngay30-9-1996,ThutudngChinhphudakyquyet
dinhso716/TTgpheduyetdanhmuccacchuongtrinh
nghiencuukhoahoccapNhanudevekhoahocxahoiva
nhanvangiaidoan5nam1996-2000.Denngay30-10-1996,B0ChinhtriTrunguongDang
congsanVietNamdakyquyetdinhso06-QD/TWthanh
lapHoidonglyluanTrunguong.Hoidongcdnhiemvugiup
ThudngvuBoChinhtrichidaophuonghudng,n0idungcac
chuongtrinhnghiencuukhoahocxahoithdiky1996-2000.Cancuvaophuonghudngnghiencuukhoahocxah0i
vanhanvantrongthongbaosd01-TB/TW,H0idongly
luandachidaoxaydung7chuongtrinhnghiencuumang
masdKHXH,gom:ChUOngtrinhKHXH.01-"ChunghiaMac-Lenin,tu
tudngHoChiMinhvacondudngdilenchunghiaxah0i
0VietNam"(10detai).Chuong trinhKHXH.02-"Phuonghudng,muctieu,tien
trinhvanhunggiaiphapnhamcongnghiephoa,hiendai
hoadatnude"(7detai).ChUOngtrinhKHXH.03-"Xaydungquanhesanxuat
theodinhhudngxah0ichunghiavathuchientienbo,
congbangxah0i"(10detai).42Chuong
trinhKHXH.04-"Phattrienvanhoa,xaydung
connguditrongthdikycongnghiephoa,hiendaihoadat nude"(6detai).ChUOng
trinhKHXH.05-"Tangcudngvaitrolanhdao
vasuechiendaucuaDangtrongdieukiennenkinhte
nhieuthanhphanvacochethitrudngtheodinhhudng
xahoichunghia"(7detai).ChUOngtrinhKHXH.06-"Nhiingvandechunghiatu
banhiendai"(7detai).ChUOngtrinhanninh,quocphdngKHXH.07-"Chien
luocbaoveToquocVietNamxahoichunghiatrongsu
nghiepcongnghiephoa,hiendaihoadatnude".Dayla
chuongtrinhdacbiet,BoQuocphongvaBoNoivuduoc
giaodactrach(9detai).Ngay22-1-1997,BotrudngBoKhoahoc,Congnghe
vaMditrudngdacdnhungquyetdinhthanhlapBanchu
nhiemchuongtrinhcuacacchuongtrinhcapNhanude
noitren(cacquyetdinhmangso112/QD-KCM,113//QD-
KCM,114/QD-KCM,115/QD-KCM,116/QD-KCM,
117/QD-KCMva118/QD-KCM).Cungngay22-1-1997,BotrudngBoKhoahoc,Cong
nghevaMditrudngdakyquyetdjnhsd119/QD-KCMve
vieccongbocacdanhmucdetaivacilchunhiemdetai
thuoccacchuongtrinhnghiencuucapNhanudemang
masdKHXHtil01-06.43Ngay5-3-1997,BotrudngB6Khoahoc,Cdngngheva
Moitrudngkyquyetdinh274/QD/KCMvevieccongbo
danhmuccacdetaivachunhiemdetaithuocchuong
trinhnghiencuucapNhanudemasoKHXH.07.SovdihechuongtrinhKXdgiaidoantrudcthihe
chuongtrinhKHXHdgiaidoannayduoctochucchat
chehon,taptrungvaonhUngvandecobanhon,tranh
duoctinhtrangdantraivatrunglapnhau.Soluong
chuongtrinhdarutbdtkhoangi/3,consodetaigiamdi
tdi2/3.Nhdvay,chacchansdtiendautuchochuongtrinh
cungsetaptrunghon.VI.Nhiingvandekhoahocxahoitrongnghiquyethoi
nghitrungtfdnglanthu2(khoaVIII)Ngay24-12-1996,BanChaphanhTrunguongDang
congsanVietNam(khoaVIII)dabanhanhNghiquyet
02-NQ/HNTW"vedinhhudngchienluocphattrienkhoa
hocvacongnghetrongthdikycongnghiephoa,hiendai
hoavanhiemvudennam2000".Hoinghinhandinhrang:"Khoahocxahoivanhan
vandagopphanbosung,lygiaivalamrothemnhung
quandiemcuaDangvecondudngdilenchunghiaxa
hoidVietNam;lamrocosdkhoahocvathucti6ncho
vieclaychunghiaMac-Lenin,tutudngHoChiMinh
lamnentangtutudngcuaDang.Cacvandevemdiquan44hegiuakinhtethitrudngvachunghiaxahoi,tangtrudng
kinhtevacongbangxahoi,vanhoavaphattrien...cung
daduocnghiencuusauhon.Viecnghienciiucacdisan
lichsi,vanhoa,vanminhvaconngudiVietNamtieptuc
cdnhiingphathienmdi.Viectongketkinhnghiemchien
tranhvaphattrienlyluannghethuatquansuVietNam
dadatmotsdketqua.Nhi'euketluankhoahocdaduocdunglamcosdde
soanthaocacnghiquyet,hoachdinhcacchutruong,chinh
sachcuaDangvaNhanude,gopphan vaothanhcongcua congcuocdoimdi"1.Cung
vdinhiingthanhtuuneutren,H0inghichorang,
"Nhi'euvandenaysinhtrongcongcuocddimdichuadupe
lamsangtovephuongdienlyluan.Nhi'euvandekinhte-xahoithieunhiingdubaokhoahoc.Viectongketthuc
ti6nbicoinhe.Tinhtrangchamtr6trongmotsdlinhvuc
lyluanvakhoahocxahoichuadupekhacphuc...Sddong
canb0cdtrinhd0caod'eudaldntuoi,dangcdnguyco
hinghutcanb0...Cpcauvaviecphanbocanb0khoa hoc
vacongnghechuacanddi,connhi'eubathpply.Nong
thonvamiennuiconthieunhi'eucanb0khoahocvacong
nghe...Hethongtochuccaccpquannghienciiu-trien
khaituydadupesapxepm0tbudc,nhungvln1.VankienHoi
nghilanthuhaiBanchaphanhTrungifOngkhoaVI I I
.NhaxuatbanChinhtriQuocgia-HaNoi, 1997,
tr.49.45contrunglap,chuadongbo,thieusuph6ihopchatche
giflanghiencuu,giangdayvdithucti6nsanxuat-kinh
doanhvavdiquocphong-anninh;giflacacnganhkhoa
hoc,giQakhoahoctunhienvacongnghevdikhoahoc
xahoivanhanvan.Tinhthanhdptacgiuacacnhakhoa
hoc,giuacaccdquannghienciiukhoahocconyeu"1.HoinghiTrunguong2dachiranhflngnhiemvucua
khoahocxahoivanhanvandennam2020la:-Vandungsangtaolyluan,phuongphapluancua
chunghiaMac-Lenin,tutudngH'dChiMinhdenghien
cuuphattrienchunghiaxahoikhoahoc,nghienciiusau
sacchunghiatubanhiendai,nhflngbiendoitrongquan
hequocte,dubaoxuhudngphattriencuathegidi,khu
vucvadatnude.Xaydunglyluanvechunghiaxah0iva
condudngdilenchunghiaxahoidVietNam.-Nghiencuusubiendoicocauxahoi-giaicap;
nghiencflulyluanvachinhsachquanlykinhte-xahoi
trongquatrinhcongnghiephoa,hiendaihoa,doimdito
chucvaphuongthuchoatdongcuahethongchinhtri,
xaydungNhanudephapquyencuadan,dodan,vidan...-Tongketthucti6nsunghiepdoimditoandiendat
nude,dexuatluancukhoahocvemdhinhvacacgiai
phapcuaquatrinhcongnghiephoa,hiendaihoadnudeta.1.S d d , tr.
51-53.46-Nghiencuucac vandelichsii,dantOc,tongiao,ngon
ngu,vanhoc,nghethuat,tutudng,triethocvadacdiem
conngudiVietNamquacacthdidai;hinhthanhhegia
trivachuanmucdaoduemdi;xaydungn'envanhoatien
tiendamdabansacdantoe.-Tongketkinhnghiemcaccuocchientranhcuunude,
gitinudetronglichsudantoe;xaydungvaphattrien
khoahocvanghethuatquansuVietNamtrongdieu
kienmdi.-Nghiencuulichsu,vanhoa,kinhte,chinhtriquan
su...cacnude,nhatlacacnudekhuvucChauA-Thai
BinhDuong.D'i;khoahocxahoivanhanvanlamdaydunhung
nhiertivuldnlaoketren,HoinghiTrunguong2dadua
ra8giaiphapldn,dola:1.Taolapthitrudngchokhoahocvacongnghe.2.Ddimdichinhsachddivdicanbokhoahocvacong
nghe(luong,phucap,chedothudng,chedoboi
dudngv.v...).3.Phattrienphongtraoquanchungtienquanvao
khoahocvacongnghe.4.Tangdautuchophattrienkhoahocvacongnghe
tilnhi'eunguon.5.Mdronghdptacquoctevekhoahocvacongnghe.476.Tangcudngkiemsoat,giamdinhcongnghevachat
luongsanpham.7.DdimdihethongtochucquanlyhoatdOngkhoa
hocvacongnghe.8.Daymanhcachoatdongthongtin,tuyentruyen,
phocapkienthuckhoahocvacongnghe.Ngoai8bienphaptren,HoinghiTrunguong2con
nhanmanhviectangcudngsulanhdaocuaDangvdicong
tacnghiencuu,giangdaykhoahocxahoivanhanvan,
yeuc'aucapuyphaithudngxuyenkiemtraluancukhoa
hoc,hieuquakinhte-xahoicuacacchutruongchinh
sach,duanphattrienthuocphamviminhphutrach.Nghiquyet02-NQ/HNTW
vephudnghudngchienlupc phattrienkhoahocvacongnghethehiensudanhgia
caocuaDangdoivdikhoahocxahoivanhanvan,dong
thdicungvachracondudngphattriencualinhvuckhoa
hocnaytrongsuotthdikydaymanhcongnghiephoa,
hiendaihoadatnude.48ChurongIIKHOAHOCXAHOIVANHANVAN
TRONG10NAMD6lMOIGS.TS.NguylnDuyQuySau10namthuchiendudngloiDdimdidoDangta
dexudngvalanhdao,datnudetadarakhoicuockhung
hoangkinhte-xahoikeodaivataoduocnhiingtien
decanthietdechuyensangmotgiaidoanphattrien
mdi-giaidoandaymanhcongnghiephoa,hiendai
hoadatnude.Vanderatcoynghiamachungtacotherutratrong
10namqualakhongcdDdimdisekhongcdphattrien,
khongcdphattriensekhongcdchunghiaxahoi.Chinh
nhdsunghiepDdimdimaVietNamduoccongdongthe
gidithuanhanlamottrongsoitquocgiadathanhcong
trongcongcuoccaicachkinhte-xahoivavanhoa,on
djnhchinhtrixahoi,tangtrudngkinhtevditoedocao,
cdtrienvongphattrientot,cokhananghoanhapngay
cangrongvdicongdongquocte,nhatlavdikhuvucDong
NamA.49Nhinlai10namDdimdi,cacnganhkhoahocxah0i
vanhanvannudetadakhongngungvuonlen,tiingbudc
khacphucsuchamtr6,gopphan xflngdangvaosunghiep
xaydungchunghiaxahoivabaovedatnude.I.Nhungthanhtuulyluanndibattrong10namqua1.Doimaiphuong
phapvacachtiepcannghiencuu.DaihoilanthuVIcuaDanglacaimocquantrong
danhdaubudcngoattrongquatrinhxaydungchunghia
xahoidnudeta.CdthendiketilsauDaihoiVI,chua
baogidkhoahocxahoivanhanvannudetalaidung
trudcnhflngnhiemvutoldnvanangn'enhuvay;cflng
chuabaogidkhoahocxahoivanhanvanlaiconhi'euco
hoiphathuyti'emnangtrituecuaminhdeconghiencho
sunghiepvidaicuadantoenhulucnay.Devuonlenngangtamnhiemvudo,bencanhviec
doimdinhanthuc,n0idungnghiencuu,cacnganhkhoa
hocxahoivanhanvannudetadadoimdiphuongphap
vaeachtiepcannghiencuu.TrencosdnamvflngchunghiaMac-Leninvatu
tudngHoChiMinh,cacnganhkhoahocxah0ivanhan
vannudetadacungcapnhflngluancukhoahocchoviec
nhanthucdungvechunghiaxah0i.Dayvualavande
cdynghialyluanratcoban,vualavandecdynghia
thuctienratcapbach.Tatnhienchungtakhongtrdlai50lyluanv'echunghiaxahoimOtcachgianddnmaphai
nhanthucvatandunglyluandodudianhsangcuadudng
loidoimdi,yeuc'auvanhiemvuhiennay.Khoahocva
congnghenoichung,khoahocxahoivanhanvannoi
riengconhiemvuchuyeulaphucvuxahoibangnhflng
trithflclyluanvanhflngnghiencflusangtao,dapung
ngaycangcaoyeuc'aucuasuphattrienkinhte,xahoi,
vanhoavayeuc'aucuabanthanconngudivditucachla
chuthehoatdong.Dieudoddihoicacnganhkhoahoc
xahoivanhanvanphaidisaunghiencuu,timtdi,sang
taodecdphathienmdi,nhanthucmdi,bietdatlaivan
detrongdieukienmdivatimcachtiepcanmdi.Decd
lyluandungdanvexaydungchunghiaxahoivabaove
datnude,khoahocxahoivanhanvannudetatieptuc
baove,vandungvaphattriensangtaochunghiaMac-
LeninvatutudngHoChiMinhthongquanghiencfluly
luanvatongketthuctien6trongnudevatrenthegidi.Donghiencflucdban,ungdungvatrienkhaitrong
khoahocxahoivanhanvancdquanhehuucovdinhau,
nenphudngphaptiepcancacdoitudngnghiencfluda
dudedoimdi.Trencdsdtiepcanphudngphapnghien
cfluchuyennganh,thdigianquadasudungrongrai
phudngphapnghiencfluliennganh.Phudngphapdieu
traxahoihocdudesudungphobientrongquatrinh
nghiencfluthflchiencacduanvedieutrakinhte-xa51hoi6tungdiabancuthethuocnhi'euviinglanhthocua
nudeta.Nghiencuulyluankethdpvditongketthucti6n
lahaimatcuamotquatrinhtiemcanchanlytrongnghien
ciiukhoahocxahoivanhanvan.Viectimmdhinhlyluanvechunghiaxahoivave
condudngdilenchunghiaxahoiphiihdpvdidieukien
cuanudetavadacdiemcuathdidaitrongdieukiennude
taquadolenchunghiaxahoi,boquachedotubanchunghia,ddihoiphaixuatphattuthucti6nxaydungchu1nghiaxahoivabaoveToquocdVietNam.Song,theo
Lenin,chicdduatrencosdhieubietnhungdacdiemco
bancuam0tthdidai,chungtamdicdthetinhdennhung
dacdiemchitietcuanudenayhaynudekhac.Vivay,neu
chixuatphattilthucti6nVietNam,khonghieubietnhung
dacdiemcuathdidaithikhongthegiaiquyettotnhung
vandexaydungchunghiaxahoicuanudetamoteach
toandien.Vivayviecnghiencuuvethdidaihiennayda
dudedattrongchudngtrinhnghisucuacongtacnghien
ciiulyluandnudetam0teachnghiemtuctrongthdigian
vuaqua.ThuctedVietNam,trongmotthdigiankhadaitrudc
Ddimdi,nhiingnghienciiulyluanvechunghiaxahoi
vanthudngdiinglaidtrinhdothuyetminhnhungnguyen
lydadinhhinhcuachunghiaxahoikhoahoc,cuadudngloichinhsachciiaDangvaNhanude.Motphuongphap52nghienciiunhuvaydabaohamkhanhieuhanche,mot
mat,thienvekhangdinhlyluantulyluan,matkhac,bo
quahoacxemnhetinhsongdong,muonmaumuonve,
thudngxuyenbienddivaphattriencuathucti6n.Trong
truonghopcoluutamdennghiencuuvatongketthuc
tilnthisunghienciiuvatongketdolaivanthudngvap
phainhiinghanchevakhuyetdiemcuaphuongphaptu
duysieuhinh,giaodieuvachunghiakinhnghiem.Mot
songudinghienciiuv&nthudnglayluandiem,khainiem,
phamtrutrongsachvd,hocthuyetlamdiemxuatphat
vathudcdodedanhgiathuctinphiihdpvdilyluan.
Tinhtrangay,motmatxalavdiquandiemduyvatbien
chungvaphuongphapluanbienchungduyvatcuachu
nghiaMac-Lenin,tutudngH'dChiMinh,matkhac,
khongthekhongroivaogiaodieutrongnhanthuc,xo
cungvetuduyvatutudng,ngheonanvehocthuat,don
dieuvephuongphap.Nhiingcaidororangdantdisulac
hauvenhanthuclyluan,suchamtrevekhoahocxahoi
cuanudeta.Song,ketusauDaihoiVI,nhatlatuDaihoiVIIden
nay,dudianhsangcuadudngloiDdimdi,viecnghiencuu
lyluanvechunghiaxahoivacondudngdilenchunghia
xahoidnudetabatdaudisautimtdivadexuatmot
hudngtiepcanmdi,khoahoc,theomotchinhthevahe
thong,baog'omcacgocdo:Chunghiaxahoivditucach
lamothethonggiatrivelytudngvamuctieuphattrien;53vditucachlamothocthuyetkhoahoc;vditucachlamot
kieuchedoxahoi-xahoichunghiaduoctaolapnhumot
cothesong;vditucachlamotquatrinhlichsilquado
tdichunghiacongsantheoquatrinhlichsu-tunhien,
labanchatcapIcuachunghiacongsan,ngaytilkhiphat
sinhdathuocvehinhthaikinhte-xahoicongsanchu
nghia,lamotchuthenhanvanvavanhoa,lahinhthai
tichcuevacdtrienvongcuasuphattrienbenvung,dua
trenlythuyetkhoahocvephattrienbenvung,lahinh
thuctochucddisongxahoiphuhopvdiquyluatphat
trienlichsit,lasuluachontatyeucualichsuhiendai.
Vdicachtiepcandadienvanhi'eucapdonhuvay,chung
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tap,mdime,hiendaicuaquatrinhsinhthanhvaphat
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camthientaicuacacnhakinhdienmacxitrang"susinh
thanhchunghiaxahoi,chunghiacongsanlamotcon
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su.VanhuHoChiMinh,trencosdkhaonghiemcanke
caclythuyetvamdhinhphattriendarutraketluan:
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mdibaodamchacchannhatchodoclapdantoevahanh
phucchoconngudi.54Ctingnhdcachtiepcando,chungtamdicothephan
tichsauvematlogicvalichsflnhflngthuctienphongphu
cuachunghiaxahoi,nhflngtinhhuongphflctap,dichdac
tronglichsflcuachunghiaxahoihienthuc,mdilygiai
cocancflvisaocuoithekyXX, chunghiaxahOilailam
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tamditaoratiendelyluanvaphuongphapluankhoa
hocdenghiencflutrentrinhdohiendaivechunghiaxa
hoidVietNam,vetamvoclichsfl,ynghiatoldncuasu
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VietNamvacuathegidingaynay.Duongnhien,bencanhviecapdungphuongphap
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cflucuatriethocmacxit,cualichsfltutudng,dacbiet cuatriethocxahoi.0
day,logicbienchflngchukhong
phailogichinhthflcmdigopsflcdudevaoviecgiaiquyet
thaudaoquanniem,banchat,quyluathinhthanhvaphat
triencuachunghiaxah0i.Dongthdiconphaivandung
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chuyenbiet.Chunghiaxahoitrongchinhthechungvad
quymdthegidicungnhudtflngquocgia-dantoela55khachthecuanghiencuuliennganh.Nocungladoituong
nghiencuucuacaclinhvuc,cacbophanhopthanhcau
truechinhthecuachunghiaxahoinhumotcothexahoi
songdong.Dodotatyeuphaihuyd0ngcacphuongphap
nghiencuuchuyennganhnhuchunghiaxahoikhoahoc,
chinhtrihoc,xahoihoc,vanhoahoc,kinhtechinhtri
hocvacackhoahocquanlykinhte,xahoiv.v...Honnfla,
detongketthucti6nvadubaovesuphattriencuachu
nghiaxahoilamotcongviecphuctap,colienhemat
thietvdicacphuongphapkhoahoccuthenhudieutra
khaosat,phantichsosanh,mohinhhoa,dubao(chien
luoc,tinhhudng,xuthe,trienvong,ddisachvacacct/inh
sachtuongung...).Ngoaira,nghiencuuungdungvechu nghia
xahoiconbaogomcaclinhvuc:giaoduenhanthuc,
congtactutudng,thongtinvatruyenhinh,xaydungchinh
sach,coche,cacbienphaptacdong,dieuchinh,caicach.
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nghienciiusauhontucoingubncuanhungluandiemcua
cacnhakinhdienmacxitvacuaChutichHoChiMinh
vechunghiaxahoi.Trencosddotaorasugdimdva
thucdciycacnhakhoahocnudetatieptucnghiencuu
sauhonlyluankinhdienvechunghiaxahoivatongket
thuctienhetsuephongphutronglinhvucnaydnudeta
vatrenthegidi.Trongkhoahocxahoivanhanvan,nghiencuuco
ban,ungdungvatrienkhaiganchatvdinhau,trongdo
nghienciiucobanlanentang.Vithe,nghiencuucoban .
cangsauthinghiencuuungdungvatrienkhaicangrong
vadathieuquacangcao.Nhungthanhtuudadatduocvedoimdiphuongphap
vaeachtiepcannghiencuucuakhoahocxahoivanhan
vannudetatrong10namquathuctedaditdinhiing
khangdinhtinhdungdan,giatrivaynghiaphuongphap
luancuachunghiaMac-LeninvatutudngH'dChiMinh.
Suphantichkhoahoclamsangtohonveloaihinhphat
trien"rutngan"vacondudngquadotdichunghiaxahoi,
tinhtatyeuchinhtrivatatyeukinhtecuacondudngdi
tdichunghiaxahoi,boquachedotubanchunghiad
nudeta.Dongthdi,gopphankhangdinhvalamsausac
quandiemcuaDangta,coichunghiaMac-Leninvatu
tudngHoChiMinhlanentangtutudngvakimchinam57chohanhdongcuaDangta,cuacachmangVietNam.
PhantichtiltacphirncuaHoChiMinhvatilthuctidn
VietNam,nhatlathucti6ndoimditrong10namquada
lamsangtonhflnggiatridocdao,sangtaocuaHoChi
Minhvechunghiaxahoi,badedivabienphapxaydung
chunghiaxahoi6VietNam.2.Cungcapluancirkhoahocchoviechinhthanhvd
thurchiencacchutrirang,chinhsachcuaDang,Nhanurac,
trongcachethitrirangcosirquanlycuaNhaniractheo
dinhhirangxahoichunghia,trongquatrinhdanchuhod
daisongxahoi.Khoahocxah0ivanhanvansinhratAddisongthuc
tienvasuphattriencuanocflngdothuctienddihoi.Vi
vay,khoahocxahoivanhanvanphaixuatphattilddi
songthuctiendethuchiennhiem vuchflcnang,doimdinhan
thflcvaphuongphapnghiencflu,phucvungaycangdacluc
vahieuquahonchosuphattrienkinhtevatienb0xah0i.Trongmaychucnamqua,khoahocxah0ivanhan
vannudetadagopphanxflngdangtrenm0tsdlinhvuc
cuaddisongxahoi,nhatlalinhvucvanhoa,tutudng,
dautranhvdicaildithdi,ungh0caimdi,chonglaiam
muucuakethu,baovedudngldichinhsachcflaDangva
Nhanude,gopphantichcuevaoviecgiaoduelongveu
nude,longtuhaodant0c,nangcaouytincuaVietNam
trentrudngquocte.58Tronggiaidoancanudedilenchunghiaxahoi,nhat
la10namgandaythuchiendudngloiDdimdidoDai
hoiVIcuaDangdera,duocDaihoiVII,DaihoiVIII
khangdinhvatieptucphattrien,nhamxaydungmotn'en
kinhtehanghoanhi'euthanhphan,vandongtheocoche
thitrudngcdsuquanlycuaNha.nudetheodinhhudng
xahoichunghia,thinhiemvucungcapcosdkhoahoc
choviecxaydungcacchutruong,chinhsachcuaDangva
Nhanudeta,cdthendi,lachucnangcobanvaquan
trongnhat,dongthdicunglayeuc'aucaonhatddivdi
khoahocxahoivanhanvancuanudeta.Nghiquyet26cuaBoChinhtriBCHTWDang(khoa
VI)vekhoahocvacongnghetrongsunghiepDdimdi
dakhangdinh:"Trongthdidaingaynay,nhungbudc'tien
kydieuvanhiingthanhtuutoldncuakhoahocvacong
nghetacdongsausacdensuphattriencuaxahoiloai
ngudi,lucluongsanxuatvanangsuatlaodongtang
nhanh,cocaukinhtecuacacquocgiavakinhtethegidi
chuyenbienmanhanhhudngdencacquanhexahoiva
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chung,khoahocxahoivanhanvanndiriengngaycang
cdvjtriquantrongddivdisuphattrienkinhtevatien
boxahoi.1.Nghiquyet26cuaBochinhtrivekhoahocvacongnghetrongsU
nghiepDoi moi, HaNoi, 1991,tr.
1.59Divaocuthe,chucnangcobancuakhoahocvacong
nghenudetaduocdatrala:a)xaydungluancukhoahocchocondudngdilen
chunghiaxah0i,chocacquyetdjnhldn,tudjnhhudng
chienluocphattrienkinhte-xahoidennhiingvande
cuthenhucacchinhsach,quyhoach,duandautu,v.v.
dtatcacaccaplanhdaocuaDangvaNhanude.b)Lamcongcusacbenvadaclucdedoimdiquan
ly,ddimdicongnghe,dualucluongsanxuatlentrinhd0
phattrienmdi,cdnangsuat,chatluonghieuquacao,
nhamhiendaihoadatnude.c)Nangcaodantri,daotaonhanluc,boidudngnhan
tai,giaoduethegidiquankhoahoc,phattrientritueva
nanglucsangtaocuaconngudiVietNam1.Xuatphattilyeuc'aucuacongc u 0 c
Doimdidatnude, cackhoahocxahoivanhanvannudetaconcdchucnang
trongviectacd0ngdenphuonghudngsangtaoxahoi
mdi,denphuonghudngphattriencuakhoahoctunhien
vakhoahockythuat,denhetutudng,thegidiquanva
nhansinhquantoanxahoi,denphongcachtuduy
khoahoc.1.Sdd,tr.3-4.60Cungvdicackhoahoctilnhienvakhoahocky
thuat,cackhoahocxahoivanhanvancungphaiphan
dautrdthanhm0tnhantocuaviecnangcaonangsuat
laodongvamoitruongtamly-xahoitdiuu6cacco
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motthanhphan"phikinhte".Nocungkhongphaichilam
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cddieukienphattrien.Banthancacnganhkhoahocxa
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yeukem,lachaucungvdicochequanlyconnhi'euvudng
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vannudetabianhhudngnangn'echunghiakinhnghiem
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Nghiquyet01cuaBochinhtri(khoaVII)vecongtacly
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cautrudcmatvdinhiemvulaudai,giflanghiencuucd ban
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kinhnghiem.tongketthuctien.VanhuMacndi,lyluan
setrdthanhlucludngvatchatmotkhinothamnhapvao
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Ddimdicuanudeta,tiepthucdchonlocngu'ontrithuc,
kinhnghiemcuanudengoainhamkhaiquatthanhlyluan
khoahocdechidaocachoatdongthuctiencuacach
mangnudetalayeuc'aucapthietvadadudechutrong thuchien.Song,thuc
