KOSThe microwave multifunctional

tissue processor

林臻鞠

友聯光學有限公司

unionopt@ms11.hinet.net 02-26980508

2013.10.31

Microwave heating

A bit of theory

Wavelengths range from 1mm to 1m

Frequency allowed for commercial, medical and

scientific applications:

2,450 MHz (12.2 cm wavelength)

Heating is caused by

- Dipole rotation

- Ionic migration

Theory of microwave heatingTheory of microwave heating

Microwaves are not ionising radiation

Microwaves energy is largely below the energy necessary to break the bonds of common organic molecules

H-OH 5,2CH3-CH3 3,8

Hydrogen bond (water) 0,21

Chemical bond energy (eV)

Microwaves radiation (2.450 MHz) quantum energy (eV)0,0016

EnergyEnergy

Theory of microwave heatingTheory of microwave heating

Interaction of materialsInteraction of materials with microwaveswith microwaves

METALS

WATER

PTFE, PP, TPX

Reflective

Absorptive

Transparent to Microwaves

Metals

Water, alcohols

PTFE, PP, Cassette, WAX, Glass

• Transparent to Microwaves

Absorptive

Reflective

Interaction of materialsInteraction of materials with microwaveswith microwaves

Conventional HeatingConventional Heating

The temperature of the outside surface of the

vessel is in excess of the boiling point of the solution

Container is heated first thenthen the solution.

CONDUCTIVE HEATING

SOLUTIONCONVECTIVE CURRENTS

傳導性的

Microwave heatingMicrowave heating

Shorter ReactionTimes

Solution is heated firstfirst

MICROWAVE HEATING

SOLUTION

Reality

• Microwaves cook my samples

• Rapid processing = poor morphology

• Antigens will be lost forever

• Molecular studies are not possible

• Day processing is useless

Microwaves create physical heat like conventionals do but internally the tissues. Better homogenity & efficiency.

Today’s technology makes 12-14hours a useless waste of time. Quality is guaranteed priority.

Diagnostic equivalence is validated by studies showing optimal antigen reactivity.

Microwave do not affect DNA, RNA and proteins’ quality at all.

Day processing = same day diagnosis = patient centric care

Perception

KOSThe microwave multifunctional

tissue processor

State of the Art

Microwave is switched OFF if:

1.Cavity ventilation is compromised

2.Solvent in cavity is above Threshold

3.Humidity in cavity exceeds set value

4.Microwave leak is detected

In a fraction of the time

• Tissue processing

• Decalcification

• Special stains

• Gross hardening

• Fixation

•Antigen retrieval (93°C to 120°C)

KOS

KOS: Smart and Fast

The first Icon driven HistoStation

• Multifunctional: 1 unit 6 applications

• Fast: Just plug-in and process

• Reliable: Sensors controlled

• Flexible: User programs / Favorites

• Safe: Sensors monitored

• Smart: Icons driven

KOS*

Multifunctional: ONE unit SIX major applications

• Fulfilling all requirements set by CAP/C.L.S.I.

• Ideal substitute for “kitchen type” microwave oven

• Fulfilling all requirements set by CAP/C.L.S.I.

• Ideal substitute for “kitchen type” microwave oven

Rapid Tissue processingSame day results for all tissue types.

• From 1 to 45 cassettes

• Ideal for transplant center

• Urgent biopsies

• Up to 3 mm thickness

• Safe. No xylene

• Ethanol – isopropanol only

Fast, unmatched tissue processing time

.

• 35 minutesFor transplant biopsies including fixation

• 75 minutesFor 2 mm biopsiesAdd 18 min fixation

• 140 minutesFor 3 mm biopsiesAdd 28 min fixation

Excellent H&E, IHC and FISHIn a fraction of the time

High Quality Slides

Breast Red-Labeled HER2-FISH, x800

Colonic BiopsyH&E, x400

AdenocarcinomaCytokaratin

CAM 5.2, x400

Breast, HER2IHC, x400

SMART . ICONS DRIVEN MENU

1) Select thickness.

2) Select number of cassettes.

3) Select reagents

4) Press GO

5) Press START.That’s all

Time left will be shown on the terminal

Any protocol as Favorite

Special StainsUp to 16 slides

Up to 76% time saving for staining protocols

1) Select stains menu

2) Select specific stain

3) Follow step by step indications

4) Selected program is prestored ready to

use.

Dedicated Histomodules

4K, up to 4 cassette

45K, up to 45 cassette

16s, up to 16 slides

A review of some key factors influencing the quality of sections and

stains

Bench-level quality factors

• Pre-fixation• Fixation• Grossing• Processing• Embedding• Microtomy• Flotation• Section drying• H&E and special stains• IHC, ISH and FISH• Coverslipping

Pre-fixation damage

“If tissue is not in a healthy, living state when it is fixed, it can reveal only abnormal details,whatever its subsequent treatment.”

Bracegirdle B. A History of Microtechnique

Autolysis

Pre-fixation damage: examples

Heat damage Crush artifact

Dessication

Fixation: common problems

Inadequate volume offormalin

Poor quality fixative

Tissue fragmentsroughly handled

Inappropriate containers

THANK YOU !