FEED

F , XF , HF

TOP PRODUCT (Distilat)

BOTTOM PRODUCT

D , XD , HD

W, XW, HW

Stripping section

Enriching section

Rectifyingsection

REFLUX = L0 / D

CONDENSOR

REBOILER

V1 , y1 , HV1

Lo , Xo,

Ho

CONDENSORCondensor total :• Semua uap V1 yang masuk

condensor diembunkanCondensor parsiel • Jika hanya sebagian uap V1 yang

diembunkan

REBOILERReboiler total• Semua cairan yang masuk reboiler

diuapkan kembaliReboiler parsiel• Jika hanya sebagian cairan yang

masuk reboiler yang diuapkan

REFLUX = LO/DReflux total : • Semua distilat dikembalikan ke

kolom• Jumlah stage minimum

Relux minimum• Hanya sebagian kecil distilat yang

dimasukkan kembali ke kolom• Jumlah stage tak terhingga• Garis operasi berimpit dengan garis

seimbang (umumnya melewati titik F)

Dalam praktek digunakan Reflux optimal : Harga reflux dimana biaya total operasi distilasi minimum

Condensor total

Condensor parsiel

Air pendingin

Air pendingin

REBOILER

REBOILER PARSIEL

REBOILER TOTAL

steam

steam

JUMLAH PLATE IDEAL

CAMPURAN BINER• Metode Ponchon-Savarit• Metode Mc Cabe-Thiele

MULTI KOMPONEN • Short cut• Plate to plate calculation

Neraca total WDF (1)

Neraca komponen WDF WxDxFx (2)

Neraca enthalpy CWDRF QWHDHQFH (3)

DDHQ

QH DCD

'

WQWH

QH RWW

"

(4)

(4) (3)"' WQDQFH F (5)

(1) (5)"')( WQDQHWD F

"' WQDQWHDH FF

)()( "'FF HQWQHD

'

"

QHHQ

WD

F

F

(6)

V3H

y

xxW

V6

V1

L1

xD

D

D Q’

F

xF

W

WQ”

DVV

R D

1

1

V2

L3L2

V4

L4

V5

L5

L61

23456

H

y

xxW xD

Q’

Q”

V3

Vn

V1

L1 DF

xF

W

W

V2

L2

V5

Ln1

L3

DVV

R D

1

1minmin

minD

H

y

xxW

V1

L1

xD

DF

xF

WDVV

R D

1

1

V2

L2

V3

L3 1

23

D

W

1

3

2

Pers (6) adalah pers. garis lurus pada diagram H - (x, y) melalui

DD padaxQ ),( ' padaFxH FF ),(

WW padaxQ ),( "dan

,

WDF (7)

Minimum stages for a column operating at total reflux

with no feeds or products.

XB

y

X

Minimum reflux for a binary system of normal volatility.

XDXF

X

y

XB

Optimum reflux ratio

(a) Circular or bell cap. (b) Tunnel cap.

(a) (b)

Ao = active, or bubbling area

Ad

= do

wn

com

er a

rea

Ad

= do

wn

com

er a

rea

TABLE 14-7b Characteristics of Random Packings (Perry)

1. For columns less than 0.6-m (2.0-ft) diameter, packings are usually cheaper than plates unless alloy-metal packings are required.2. Acids and many other corrosive materials can be handled in packed columns because construction can be of ceramic, carbon, or other resistant materials.3. Packings often exhibit desirable efficiency-pressure-drop characteristics for critical vacuum distillations.4. Liquids tending to foam may be handled more readily in packed columns because of the relatively low degree of liquid agitation by the gas.5. Holdup of liquid can be quite low in packed columns, an advantage when the liquid is thermally sensitive.

Conditions favoring packed columns are:

1. If solids are present in the liquid or gas, plate columns can be designed to permit easier cleaning.2. Some packing materials are subject to easy breakage during insertion into the column or resulting from thermal expansion and contraction.3. High liquid rates can often be handled more economically in plate columns than in packed columns.4. Cooling coils can be incorporated more readily into platedevices.5. Low liquid rates lead to incomplete wetting of column packings, thus decreasing contacting efficiency.

Conditions unfavorable to packed columns are:

(a) Flush vaporization or partial condensation.

(b) Absorption.

(c) Rectifier. (d) Stripping

(e) Reboiled stripping. ( f ) Reboiled absorption

(g) Refluxed stripping

(h) Extractive distillation

(i) Azeotropic distillation