Kutatás-fejlesztés és innováció Magyarországon: tények és trendek

Kutats-fejleszts s innovci Magyarorszgon: tnyek s trendekDr. Balogh TamsfosztlyvezetNemzeti Kutatsi s Technolgiai HivatalBudapest, 2004. februr 18.

kutatsgazdasg Nobel-dja tudomny szabadsgakivlsgcl: publikcik, idzettsg gazdasgi eredmny...gyors piacra vitel.cl: bevtel s nyeresgKT KLN VILG?a kutatk fegyelmezetlenek

Az innovci cljai:Versenykpes gazdasgFenntarthat fejldsJavul letminsgNagy hozzadott rtket ltrehoz (jl fizetett) munkahelyekEgszsges krnyezet, egszsges lakossg

A lineris innovcis modellalapkutatsAlk. kutatsKsrleti f.Piacra vitelBebizonyosodott, hogy a lineris modell tlhaladott, s erltetett, nem hatkony, egyoldalan knlat-orientlt megoldsokhoz vezet. Valjban sokkal szorosabb az elemek kztti klcsns sszefggs, klnsen a technolgiai ciklus felgyorsulsval.

A nemlineris innovcis modellalapkutatsAlk. kutatsKsrleti f.Piacra vitelTermkek, szolgltatsok fejlesztsej tuds,Alaptletek tadsaTuds konkrt clra alkalmazsaPrototpus ksztsej piaci ignyekKltsgcskkentsKrnyezetvdelem stb.Ignyek j jellemzkre, paramterekreIgnyek j tletekre, hossz tv szemlletre

Szegny embert az g is hzza, azaz: minl gazdagabb egy orszg, FAJLAGOSAN IS annl tbbet fordt kutatsra-fejlesztsre

Munka1

GERD OECD and EU and candidate countries

Table 1.

GDP/capitaGERD/GDP

OECD26,477,2021,115,869237282.21

Japan3,360,198126,686265242.98

US9,614,827272,996352202.69

Austria208,8788,092258131.8

Belgium269,88610,222264021.96

Denmark151,4755,321284672.06

Finland126,3685,165244663.37

France1,406,62760,156233832.15

Germany2,048,51982,087249552.48

Greece169,41910,534160830.68

Italy1,408,25757,646244291.04

Ireland109,4263,745292191.21

Netherlands437,29415,807276652.02

Portugal175,6509,978176041.76

Spain763,19039,418193611.94

Sweden215,6418,858243443.78

United Kingdom1,432,36759,501240731.86

EU15n.a.n.a.232001.93

Hungary120,93710,068120120.69

Czech Republic146,49710,282142481.24

Poland354,90638,65491820.75

Slovak Republic61,6065,396114170.66

Cyprusn.a.n.a.184600.25

Slovenian.a.n.a.159701.51

Estonian.a.n.a.98200.75

Latvian.a.n.a.77100.41

Lithuanian.a.n.a.87300.6

Turkey456,16065,81969310.63

Romanian.a.n.a.58600.4

Bulgarian.a.n.a.65100.57

Switzerland214,5297,144300292.64

Iceland7,578277273572.33

Norway131,6374,462295021.46

Korea833,73746,858177932.47

Mexico843,45197,42886570.4

New Zeeland74,2263,811194771.13

Canada828,98730,491271881.94

Australia504,92918,967266211.5

KarpatiA:calculated

KarpatiA:source: Main Science and Technology indicatorsOECD 2001/2

KarpatiA:source: Science,Technology and InnovationKey Figures 2002









KarpatiA:from Korea source: Main Science and Technology IndicatorsOECD 2001/2

GERD in EU

2.21

2.98

2.69

1.8

1.96

2.06

3.37

2.15

2.48

0.68

1.04

1.21

2.02

1.76

1.94

3.78

1.86

1.93

0.69

1.24

0.75

0.66

0.25

1.51

0.75

0.41

0.6

GDP/ capita

GERD/GDP

SLO

CZ

EST

H

PL

SK

LI

LT

CYP

EL

I

A

UK

EU15

NL

B

IRL

DK

D

JP

US

FIN

S

OECD

F

E

P

Munka2

GERD as a percantage of GDP

19901994199519961997199819992000

Austria1.391.541.561.61.691.791.831.8

Belgium1.611.711.711.81.871.891.962.03

Denmark1.571.7051.841.851.942.062.092.12

Finland1.882.292.292.542.722.893.223.37

France2.372.342.312.32.222.172.192.15

Germany2.752.262.262.262.292.312.442.48

Greece0.360.4250.490.50.510.590.670.75

Ireland0.831.311.341.321.291.261.211.16

Italy1.291.0511.011.051.071.041.05

Netherlands2.071.951.992.012.041.942.022.1

Portugal0.510.540.570.5950.620.6850.750.815

Spain0.810.810.810.830.820.890.880.94

Sweden2.793.1253.463.5653.673.7253.783.835

United Kingdom2.152.071.951.881.811.81.881.86

EU151.951.831.81.81.81.811.8681.88

Hungary1.460.880.730.650.720.680.690.81

Czech Republic2.021.11.011.041.161.241.251.35

Poland00.760.690.710.710.720.750.7

SlovakRepublic1.750.960.980.971.130.820.680.69

US2.652.422.512.552.582.612.662.7

Japan2.782.762.692.772.832.942.942.98

OECD2.292.092.12.132.152.172.212.24

KarpatiA:source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2002

KarpatiA:estimated

KarpatiA:estimated

KarpatiA:estimated

KarpatiA:estimated

KarpatiA:estimated

KarpatiA:estimated

KarpatiA:estimated

KarpatiA:estimated

KarpatiA:estimated

KarpatiA:estimated

KarpatiA:estimated

KarpatiA:estimated

KarpatiA:estimated

KarpatiA:estimated

KarpatiA:estimated

KarpatiA:estimated

KarpatiA:estimated

KarpatiA:estimated

Trends

1.391.611.571.882.372.750.360.831.292.070.510.812.792.151.951.462.0201.7512.652.782.29

1.541.711.7052.292.342.260.4251.311.051.950.540.813.1252.071.830.881.10.760.9619942.422.762.09

1.561.711.842.292.312.260.491.3411.990.570.813.461.951.80.731.010.690.9819952.512.692.1

1.61.81.852.542.32.260.51.321.012.010.5950.833.5651.881.80.651.040.710.9719962.552.772.13

1.691.871.942.722.222.290.511.291.052.040.620.823.671.811.80.721.160.711.1319972.582.832.15

1.791.892.062.892.172.310.591.261.071.940.6850.893.7251.81.810.681.240.720.8219982.612.942.17

1.831.962.093.222.192.440.671.211.042.020.750.883.781.881.8680.691.250.750.6819992.662.942.21

1.82.032.123.372.152.480.751.161.052.10.8150.943.8351.861.880.811.350.70.6920002.72.982.24

Austria

Belgium

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Ireland

Italy

Netherlands

Portugal

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

EU15

Hungary

Czech Republic

Poland

SlovakRepublic

#HIV!

US

Japan

OECD

Trends-all

A

B

B

DK

FIN

D

EL

I

NL

P

E

s

UK

EU15

H

CZ

PL

SK

IRL

US

JP

OECD

Trends 2

1.571.882.750.360.830.512.791.951.462.0201.752.652.782.29

1.7052.292.260.4251.310.543.1251.830.881.10.760.962.422.762.09

1.842.292.260.491.340.573.461.80.731.010.690.982.512.692.1

1.852.542.260.51.320.5953.5651.80.651.040.710.972.552.772.13

1.942.722.290.511.290.623.671.80.721.160.711.132.582.832.15

2.062.892.310.591.260.6853.7251.810.681.240.720.822.612.942.17

2.093.222.440.671.210.753.781.8680.691.250.750.682.662.942.21

2.123.372.480.751.160.8153.8351.880.811.350.70.692.72.982.24

Denmark

Finland

Germany

Greece

Ireland

Portugal

Sweden

EU15

Hungary

Czech Republic

Poland

SlovakRepublic

US

Japan

OECD

Trends

DK

FIN

D

EL

IRL

P

s

EU15

H

CZ

PL

SK

US

JP

OECD

A mszaki fejlds a globalizldst erst folyamat

A szlltsi, kzlekedsi s tvkzlsi kltsgek alakulsa a XX.szzadban (1990-es USD-re tszmtva)

v

Tengeri ruszllts1

Lgi utasszllts2

Tvkzls3

1920

95

-

-

1930

60

0,68

244,7

1940

63

0,46

180,5

1950

34

0,30

53,2

1960

27

0,24

45,9

1970

27

0,16

31,6

1980

24

0,10

4,8

1990

29

0,11

3,3

1 1 tonna ru USA-Eurpa kztt tlagos szlltsi kltsgei s kapcsold djai

2 1 utasmrfld tlagos dja

3 egy 3 perces London-New York telefonbeszlgets tlagos dja

A globalizci nveli a trsadalmi klnbsgeket, mert cskken szlltsi s tvkzlsi kltsgek: az ruk, szolgltatsok s a termelsi tnyezk knnyebb ramlsa; Demogrfiai okokbl a vilgon nagy s nvekv a tlknlat alacsony kpzettsg munkaerbl; Az alacsony kpzettsg munkaer piacn a fokozd sszemrhetsg s a verseny mg inkbb leszortja breket; A kpzett s innovatv munkaerbl knlati korlt van, a kereslet szinte korltlan, a brek nvekednek; Szksgszeren n a szocilis szakadk, de mr nem az egyes orszgok kztt, hanem az orszgokon bell.

Egy vnyi tanuls becslt hozama Magyarorszgon (vllalati szfra, brutt keresetek). Forrs: Kll, 2000.

Diagram1

298

21316

31929

42031.5

32233

219.530.5

42330

32429.5

2.52232

szakmunks/ltalnos

kzp/szakmunks

fels/kzp

Munka1

szakmunks/ltalnoskzp/szakmunksfels/kzp

1986298

198921316

199231929

199342031.5

199432233

1995219.530.5

199642330

199732429.5

19982.52232

Munka1

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

szakmunks/ltalnos

kzp/szakmunks

fels/kzp

Egy vnyi tovbbtanuls becslt kereseti hozama (%) iskolai fokozatonknt (vllalati szfra, brutt keresetek)

Munka2

Munka3

Kutats-fejlesztsi rfordtsok a GDP %-ban

Diagram1

1.08

1

0.93

0.75

0.67

0.74

0.7

0.68

0.82

0.94

1.01

rfordts a GDP %-ban

GERD/GDP (%)

2001

rfordts a GDP %-banberuhzs a nemzetgazdasgi beruhzsok %-ban

19921.080.72

199310.67

19940.930.65

19950.750.56

19960.670.5

19970.740.48

19980.70.53

19990.680.52

20000.820.64

20010.940.76

2001

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

rfordts a GDP %-ban

beruhzs a nemzetgazdasgi beruhzsok %-ban

A K+F rfordtsok s beruhzsok alakulsa

2002

rfordts a GDP %-ban

19921.08

19931

19940.93

19950.75

19960.67

19970.74

19980.7

19990.68

20000.82

20010.94

20021.01

2002

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

rfordts a GDP %-ban

Teljes K+F rfordts a GDP %-ban

Munka3

Munka4

Munka5

Magyarorszg nhny innovcis mutatja eurpai sszehasonltsbanForrs: European Innovation Scoreboard, 2003.

Diagram2

8.1

8.1

8

7.9

7.9

7.8

7.5

7.2

7.1

6.5

6.5

6.1

6

5.9

5.2

termszettudomnyos mveltsgi felmrs (Eurobarometer, 2003)

Munka1


CZ8.1

SLO8.1

HU8

EE7.9

EU-157.9

SK7.8

PL7.5

LT7.2

CC-137.1

BG6.5

LV6.5

CY6.1

MT6

RO5.9

TR5.2

Munka1


Munka2

Munka3

Diagram1

1882

3466

4654

6139

6436

6535

6733

8515

8812

Budapest

vidk

Budapest rszarnya az orszgban (%)

Munka1

Budapestvidk

lakossg arnya1882

GDP3466

K+F helyek szma4654

sszes ltszm6139

kutat-fejleszt ltszm6436

sszes K+F rfordts6535

K+F beruhzs6733

akadmikusok szma8515

EU IST programsiker8812

Munka1

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Budapest

vidk

Budapest rszarnya az orszgban (%)

Munka2

Munka3

Munka4

Munka5

A K+F rfordtsok regionlis megoszlsa (GERD/GDP, %) 2001-es adatok.

_1066498241.doc

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Bp

.: 1,28

1,09

tlag GERD/GDP 1999-

ben

0,68

0,29

0,25

0,29

0,18

0,59

0,63

_1079244430.doc

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Bp

.: 1,28

1,09

0,29

0,25

0,29

0,18

0,59

0,63

_1106554600.doc

,

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Bp

.: 1,5

1,29

0,36

0,2

0,41

0,238

0,654

0,65

_1106555467.doc

,

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Bpp

.: 1,5

1,29

0,36

0,2

0,41

0,23338

0,64

0,6555

_1106556212.doc

,

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Bpp

.: 1,5

1,29

0,36

0,2

0,41

0,23338

0,64

0,6555

_1082539640.doc

,

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Bp

.: 1,5

1,29

0,36

0,2

0,41

0,238

0,64

0,65

_1079244278.doc

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Bp

.: 1,28

1,09

ben

0,68

0,29

0,25

0,29

0,18

0,59

0,63

_1054549367.doc

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Bp

.: 1,46

1,26

tlag GERD/GDP 1999-

ben

0,68

0,3

0,29

0,33

0,2

0,64

0,7

_1054549407.doc

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Bp

.: 1,46

1,26

tlag GERD/GDP 1999-

ben

0,68

0,3

0,29

0,33

0,2

0,64

0,7

_1054549176.doc

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Bp

.: 1,46

1,26

tlag GERD/GDP 1999-

ben

0,68

0,3

0,29

0,33

0,2

0,64

0,7

Diagram19

4.24

4.12

2.98

2.7

2.56

2.53

2.04

1.77

1.72

1.5

1.46

1.31

1.07

0.89

0.73

0.69

0.63

0.62

0.01

Labour productivity (GDP per hour worked) - average annual real growth (%), 1995 to latest available year

111

Total researchers (FTE) per 000 workforce. Latest available year

Finland10.62

Japan9.26

Sweden8.44

US8.08

Denmark6.46

France6.14

Belgium6.11

Germany6.07

United Kingdom5.54

EU5.28

Ireland5.12

Netherlands5.05

Austria4.86

Slovenia4.60

Spain3.77

Hungary3.66

Italy3.33

Portugal3.27

Greece2.57

Luxembourg (na)

111

Total researchers (FTE) per 000 workforce, latest available year

112

Total researchers (FTE) average annual growth (%), 1995 to latest available year

Ireland16.51

Finland12.68

Austria7.86

Portugal7.61

Hungary7.11

Spain6.79

Greece6.29

US6.21

Netherlands4.71

Sweden4.66

Belgium4.59

Denmark3.96

EU2.89

United Kingdom2.66

Japan2.57

France1.22

Germany1.00

Italy0.34

Slovenia-0.46

Luxembourg (na)

112

Total researchers (FTE) average annual growth (%), 1995 to latest available year

113

Total researchers (FTE) per 000 workforce and R&D intensity

researchersintensity

FinlandFIN10.623.30

JapanJP9.262.91

SwedenS8.443.70

USUS8.082.62

DenmarkDK6.462.07

FranceF6.142.17

BelgiumB6.111.98

HungaryHU6.100.82

GermanyD6.072.46

United KingdomUK5.541.87

EUEU5.281.92

IrelandIRL5.121.39

NetherlandsNL5.051.94

AustriaA4.861.78

SloveniaSI4.601.51

SpainE3.770.90

ItalyI3.331.04

PortugalP3.270.78

GreeceEL2.570.51

Luxembourg (na)

113

EL

P

E

I

IRL

SI

A

UK

NL

B

DK

F

D

US

JP

S

FIN

EU

HU: 2000

HU

Total researchers (FTE) per 000 workforce

R&D intensity (%)

Total researchers (FTE) per 000 workforce and R&D intensity (%), 1998

121

Total new Science and Technology PhDs per 000 population aged 25 to 34 years, latest available year

Sweden1.17

Finland0.97

Germany0.75

France0.71

United Kingdom0.63

Ireland0.61

Austria0.56

Denmark0.56

EU0.55

US0.47

Spain0.43

Slovenia0.36

Belgium0.36

Netherlands0.35

Japan0.24

Portugal0.23

Hungary0.20

Italy0.17

Greece

Luxembourg (na)

121



122

New Science and Technology PhDs - growth (%) 1998-1999

Portugal12.12

Sweden8.27

Denmark3.94

Spain2.86

Japan0.74

US0.63

EU0.37

Germany-0.15

Austria-1.61

Ireland-3.43

Finland-4.51

Netherlands-5.25

Belgium-7.19

France-7.62

Slovenia-13.11

United Kingdom (na)

Italy (na)

Greece (na)

Luxembourg (na)

122

SI: 1998 - 1999 = - 13,11% 1995 - 1999 = + 3,33%HU: 1998 -1999 = + 117,4% 1999 - 2000 = - 37,6%

New Science and Technology PhDs - growth (%) 1998-1999

211

R&D intensity (%), latest available year

Sweden3.70

Finland3.30

Japan2.91

US2.62

Germany2.46

France2.17

Denmark2.07

Belgium1.98

Netherlands1.94

EU1.92

United Kingdom1.87

Austria1.78

Ireland1.39

Italy1.04

Spain0.90

Hungary0.82

Portugal0.78

Greece0.51

Luxembourg (na)

211

SI: 1999 HU: 2000


211a


Sweden3.70

Finland3.30

Japan2.91

US2.62

Germany2.46

France2.17

Denmark2.07

Belgium1.98

Netherlands1.94

EU1.92

United Kingdom1.87

Austria1.78

Slovenia1.51

Slovenia1.42

Ireland1.39

Czech Republic1.27

Italy1.04

Spain0.90

Slovak Republic0.86

Hungary0.82

Portugal0.78

Poland0.73

Estonia0.62

Bulgaria0.59

Lithuania0.57

Greece0.51

Romania0.50

Latvia0.45

Cyprus0.23

Luxembourg (na)

211a

SI: 1999 HU: 2000


212

R&D expenditure - average annual real growth (%), 1995 to latest vailable year

Luxembourg (na)

France0.62

United Kingdom1.23

Italy2.56

Netherlands2.81

EU3.03

Germany3.54

Japan4.13

Sweden4.56

Greece5.09

Austria5.13

US5.55

Denmark5.72

Belgium6.07

Spain6.32

Slovenia6.50

Portugal10.01

Ireland10.92

Finland13.02

Hungary18.09

212

SI: 1996 - 1999 (data for 1995 overestimated)

R&D expenditure - average annual real growth (%), 1995 to latest vailable year

213

R&D intensity (%) - average annual growth (%), 1995 to latest available year

Average annual growth of R & D intensity, 1995-99 (%)R & D intensity, 1999 (%) (1)

FinlandFIN13.023.30

JapanJP4.132.91

SwedenS4.563.70

USUS5.552.62

DenmarkDK5.722.07

FranceF0.622.17

BelgiumB6.071.98

GermanyD3.542.46

United KingdomUK1.231.87

EUEU3.031.92

IrelandIRL10.921.39

NetherlandsNL2.811.94

AustriaA5.131.78

SloveniaSI6.501.51

SpainE6.320.90

ItalyI2.561.04

PortugalP10.010.78

GreeceEL5.090.51

Luxembourg (na)

HungaryHU-5.570.68

213

R&D intensity (%) - average annual growth (%), 1995 to latest available year R & D intensity, 1999 (%) (1)

R & D intensity, 1999 (%) (1)

Average annual growth (%), 1995-99 (%)

R&D intensity and average annual growth of R & D intensity

221

Industry financed R&D as % of industrial output, latest available year

Sweden3.98

Finland3.18

Japan2.49

Germany2.09

US2.08

Denmark2.04

Belgium1.68

France1.57

EU1.42

United Kingdom1.27

Netherlands1.22

Ireland1.16

Austria0.93

Slovenia0.62

Italy0.60

Spain0.58

Hungary0.32

Portugal0.20

Greece0.19

Luxembourg (na)

HU

I

E

P

EL

IRL

SI

UK

F

A

NL

EU

B

DK

D

US

JP

S

FIN

221

SI: 1999 HU: 2000

Industry financed R&D as % of industrial output, latest available year

231

Share of government budget allocated to R&D, latest available year

France4.95

US4.20

Japan3.86

Netherlands3.25

Slovenia2.27

Finland2.11

EU1.99

Germany1.90

United Kingdom1.87

Spain1.83

Hungary1.77

Portugal1.47

Sweden1.40

Denmark1.37

Belgium1.36

Italy1.36

Austria1.19

Ireland0.77

Greece0.76

Luxembourg (na)

231

SI: 1999 HU: 2000

Share of government budget allocated to R&D, latest available year

311

European patents per million population

20001999

Sweden375289

Finland298265

Germany258244

Netherlands191170

Denmark185155

Austria134132

US144130

Japan134126

EU135125

Belgium126120

France120118

United Kingdom10995

Italy6261

Ireland6554

Slovenia22

Spain2019

Greece76

Portugal33

Hungary1.9

Luxembourg (na)

311

HU: 1998

2000

1999

European patents per million population, 1999 (2000 - estimated)

313

US patents per million population

20001999

US315312

Japan249248

Sweden196171

Germany133122

Luxembourg13264

Finland129135

Denmark94106

Netherlands9393

Belgium8880

Austria7770

EU7369

United Kingdom7269

France6969

Ireland4335

Italy3228

Spain87

Greece23

Portugal11

Slovenia7

Hungary3.9

313

2000

1999

US patents per million population, 1999 (2000 - estimated)

314

Average annual growth in US patents (%), 1995 to latest available year

Slovenia91.29

Portugal37.97

Ireland19.97

Denmark18.23

Greece17.84

Sweden15.48

Luxembourg14.09

Finland12.45

Belgium12.37

Spain12.35

Austria10.62

Netherlands10.55

EU9.93

Italy9.83

Germany9.66

United Kingdom9.23

US8.96

Japan7.56

France7.12

Hungary6.34

314

Average annual growth in US patents (%), 1995 to latest available year

321

Number of scientific publications per million population, latest available year

Sweden1431

Denmark1214

Finland1157

Netherlands963

United Kingdom949

Belgium810

Austria717

US708

Germany657

France652

EU613

Ireland542

Slovenia516

Japan498

Spain471

Italy457

Hungary377

Greece340

Portugal248

Luxembourg133

321

SI: 1999 HU: 1999

Number of scientific publications per million population, latest available year

322

Average annual growth (%) of number of scientific publications, 1995 to latest available year

Portugal15.93

Slovenia13.77

Greece7.33

Ireland7.26

Spain7.01

Austria6.05

Hungary5.65

Finland4.92

Belgium4.37

Germany4.34

Japan4.26

Italy4.17

Denmark3.57

Luxembourg3.27

Sweden3.04

EU2.92

France2.74

United Kingdom1.52

Netherlands1.41

United States-0.08

322

Average annual growth (%) of number of scientific publications, 1995 to latest available year

323

Number of highly cited papers as percentage of total number of scientific publications, 1997 - 99

Denmark1.62

Netherlands1.52

United Kingdom1.50

Belgium1.45

Luxembourg1.36

Ireland1.31

US1.27

Finland1.25

Germany1.24

EU1.20

Sweden1.16

Italy1.12

France1.09

Portugal1.09

Austria1.02

Spain0.80

Japan0.65

Slovenia0.59

Greece0.55

Hungary0.37

323

Number of highly cited papers as percentage of total number of scientific publications, 1997 - 99

412


Ireland4.24

Luxembourg4.12

Hungary2.98

Portugal2.70

Greece2.56

Austria2.53

Finland2.04

Japan1.77

Belgium1.72

France1.50

Germany1.46

Denmark1.31

EU1.07

Sweden0.89

Italy0.73

Spain0.69

US0.63

Netherlands0.62

United Kingdom0.01

412


growth

MrdFtNvekeds %tlagos nvekeds %

40.3US patentsNvekeds %tlagos nvekeds %

199542.34.9648.00

199646.08.75199551.006.25

199763.638.26199643.00-15.69

199871.211.95199725.00-41.86

199978.29.83199852.00108.00

2000105.434.7818.09199939.00-25.006.34

108.5318.089074757220006.34

31.706.3406520748

IntenzitsNvekeds %tlagos nvekeds %publicationsNvekeds %tlagos nvekeds %

0.932873.00

19950.75-19.3519953111.008.28

19960.67-10.6719963100.00-0.35

19970.7410.4519973254.004.97

19980.70-5.4119983507.007.78

19990.68-2.86-5.5719993773.007.585.65

20000.8220.59-1.2120005.65

-7.25-1.208009525128.265.6516115968

Diagram1

107.2

105

91.5

84.4

77.4

76.3

68.1

67.2

63.8

62.4

52.8

33

21.8

Number

1 milli USD felsoktatsii s kutatintzeti K+F rfordtsra jut publkcik szma (1999)(forrs: NSIOD, Institute for Scientific Information)

Munka1

Number

Hungary107.2

Switzerland105

UK91.5

Sweden84.4

Spain77.4

Finland76.3

Czech Rep.68.1

Austria67.2

Poland63.8

Australia62.4

USA52.8

Japan33

Korea21.8

Munka1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Number

Number of publications per 1 M USD R&D expenditure in universities and research institutes (1999)

Munka2

Munka3

Munka4

Munka5

De hogy llunk Kzp- s Kelet-Eurpban?A kvetkez nhny brn a tagjellt orszgokat hasonltom ssze egymssal s az EU-15 tlagval az Eurpai Bizottsg 2002. decemberben kiadott Innovation Scoreboard c. kiadvnynak adatai alapjn.

A high-tech ipargakban foglalkoztatottak arnya (%) Forrs: EU Innovation Scoreboard, 2002.

Diagram3

9.16

8.8

8.74

7.57

7.54

7.14

6.75

5.5

4.91

4.79

3.18

1.72

1.19

1.03

Alapadatok

EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR

j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47

diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00

felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20

foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19

foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03

llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53

vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27

EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90

USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02

high-tech kockzati tke a GDP arnyban0.240.020.040.900.620.050.150.13

otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80

informatikai s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60

a high-tech arnya a jvedelemtermelsben10.105.9014.8522.3522.446.35

kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70

brk


diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00









IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60


Tagjellt orszgok az EU-15 tlaghoz viszonytva (%)

EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTRCC-13 tlagaCC-13Mo/CC-13EU-15Mo/EU-15

diplomsok arnya21.221.001.260.551.390.662.120.860.330.550.470.670.500.380.83diplomsok arnya10.80diplomsok arnya10.66

felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.500.000.360.000.620.350.441.921.140.610.130.440.000.380.49felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya10.72felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya10.35

foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.570.730.141.210.631.160.420.230.941.000.651.150.890.160.72foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban11.62foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban11.16

foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.610.750.510.890.940.900.560.610.850.000.400.750.840.000.61foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban11.46foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban10.90

llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.610.300.810.790.670.790.430.000.670.151.010.360.790.57llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban11.18llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban10.67

vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.090.040.630.120.280.050.160.000.200.230.650.350.210.23vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban11.22vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban10.28

EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.700.020.040.080.050.110.010.020.000.020.010.130.040.000.04EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.70EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.11

USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.010.000.050.000.020.040.000.210.000.000.040.020.000.03USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.79USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.02

otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.400.240.700.430.960.470.220.230.810.310.140.960.530.120.47otthoni internet / lakossg11.00otthoni internet / lakossg10.47

IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.000.480.001.191.201.110.740.990.510.740.280.590.940.450.71IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP11.57IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP11.11

kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.300.870.781.411.761.430.680.962.800.700.580.510.800.161.03kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP11.39kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP11.43

N-1

Magyarorszg vs. CC-13

N

Magyarorszg vs. EU-15

1. Emberi erforrsok

diplomsok arnya a 25-64 ves korosztlyban

LT45.03

EE29.42

CY26.76

BG21.29

EU-15 tlaga21.22

LV18.15

SL14.12

HU13.96

PL11.73

CZ11.59

SK10.66

RO9.97

TR8.00

MT7.00

felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya a legutols 4 htben (25-64 ves korosztly)

LV16.30

MT9.70

EU-15 tlaga8.50

EE5.30

PL5.20

LT3.70

SL3.70

TR3.20

CY3.10

HU3.00

RO1.10

foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban

CZ9.16

HU8.80

SL8.74

EU-15 tlaga7.57

PL7.54

MT7.14

SK6.75

BG5.50

RO4.91

EE4.79

LT3.18

LV1.72

TR1.19

CY1.03

foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban

EU-15 tlaga3.61

EE3.38

HU3.24

CZ3.22

MT3.06

SK3.03

BG2.71

SL2.71

LV2.19

LT2.01

CY1.83

RO1.43

2. Tuds-teremts

llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban

SL0.68

EU-15 tlaga0.67

CZ0.54

EE0.53

LT0.53

TR0.53

HU0.45

PL0.45

BG0.41

LV0.29

SK0.24

CY0.20

RO0.10

vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban

EU-15 tlaga1.28

SL0.83

CZ0.81

SK0.45

HU0.36

RO0.30

TR0.27

PL0.25

LV0.20

EE0.15

BG0.11

LT0.07

CY0.05

EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosraEU-15 tlaga = 152,7

Egy lptkben brzolva a CC-13 szinte nem ltszik!

SL20.60

HU16.10

CZ12.10

EE6.90

CY6.00

SK5.90

BG3.20

LV2.50

PL2.30

LT1.10

RO0.90

USPTO high-tech szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra

EU-15 tlaga12.40

MT2.60

CZ0.58

LT0.54

SL0.50

HU0.30

SK0.19

BG0.12

PL0.05

RO0.04

TR0.02

CY0.00

EE0.00

LV0.00

3. Az innovci piaca s finanszrozsa

otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban

EU-15 tlaga31.40

EE30.10

SL30.00

MT25.40

CY22.10

SK16.70

HU14.80

CZ13.60

PL9.80

BG7.50

LV7.20

LT6.80

RO4.50

TR3.80

IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP

EE9.60

CZ9.50

HU8.90

EU-15 tlaga8.00

LV7.90

SK7.50

LT5.90

PL5.90

SL4.70

MT4.10

BG3.80

TR3.60

RO2.20

kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektetsek llomnya / GDP

MT84.70

EE53.20

HU43.40

CZ42.60

EU-15 tlaga30.30

LV29.10

BG26.40

SK24.20

CY23.70

PL21.30

LT20.60

RO17.70

SL15.50

TR4.70

brk

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

CC-13

Mo/CC-13

Munka3

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

EU-15

Mo/EU-15

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0.68

0.67

0.54

0.53

0.53

0.53

0.45

0.45

0.41

0.29

0.24

0.2

0.1

1.28

0.83

0.81

0.45

0.36

0.3

0.27

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.11

0.07

0.05

20.6

16.1

12.1

6.9

6

5.9

3.2

2.5

2.3

1.1

0.9

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

84.7

53.2

43.4

42.6

30.3

29.1

26.4

24.2

23.7

21.3

20.6

17.7

15.5

4.7

indiktorEU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR

j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47

diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00













Felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya a legutbbi ngy ht sorn (%)

Diagram2

16.3

9.7

8.5

5.3

5.2

3.7

3.7

3.2

3.1

3

1.1

Alapadatok


j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47

diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00













brk


diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
























N-1


N


1. Emberi erforrsok


LT45.03

EE29.42

CY26.76

BG21.29

EU-15 tlaga21.22

LV18.15

SL14.12

HU13.96

PL11.73

CZ11.59

SK10.66

RO9.97

TR8.00

MT7.00


LV16.30

MT9.70

EU-15 tlaga8.50

EE5.30

PL5.20

LT3.70

SL3.70

TR3.20

CY3.10

HU3.00

RO1.10


CZ9.16

HU8.80

SL8.74

EU-15 tlaga7.57

PL7.54

MT7.14

SK6.75

BG5.50

RO4.91

EE4.79

LT3.18

LV1.72

TR1.19

CY1.03


EU-15 tlaga3.61

EE3.38

HU3.24

CZ3.22

MT3.06

SK3.03

BG2.71

SL2.71

LV2.19

LT2.01

CY1.83

RO1.43

2. Tuds-teremts


SL0.68

EU-15 tlaga0.67

CZ0.54

EE0.53

LT0.53

TR0.53

HU0.45

PL0.45

BG0.41

LV0.29

SK0.24

CY0.20

RO0.10


EU-15 tlaga1.28

SL0.83

CZ0.81

SK0.45

HU0.36

RO0.30

TR0.27

PL0.25

LV0.20

EE0.15

BG0.11

LT0.07

CY0.05



SL20.60

HU16.10

CZ12.10

EE6.90

CY6.00

SK5.90

BG3.20

LV2.50

PL2.30

LT1.10

RO0.90


EU-15 tlaga12.40

MT2.60

CZ0.58

LT0.54

SL0.50

HU0.30

SK0.19

BG0.12

PL0.05

RO0.04

TR0.02

CY0.00

EE0.00

LV0.00



EU-15 tlaga31.40

EE30.10

SL30.00

MT25.40

CY22.10

SK16.70

HU14.80

CZ13.60

PL9.80

BG7.50

LV7.20

LT6.80

RO4.50

TR3.80


EE9.60

CZ9.50

HU8.90

EU-15 tlaga8.00

LV7.90

SK7.50

LT5.90

PL5.90

SL4.70

MT4.10

BG3.80

TR3.60

RO2.20


MT84.70

EE53.20

HU43.40

CZ42.60

EU-15 tlaga30.30

LV29.10

BG26.40

SK24.20

CY23.70

PL21.30

LT20.60

RO17.70

SL15.50

TR4.70

brk

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

CC-13

Mo/CC-13

Munka3

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

EU-15

Mo/EU-15

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

3.61

3.38

3.24

3.22

3.06

3.03

2.71

2.71

2.19

2.01

1.83

1.43

0.68

0.67

0.54

0.53

0.53

0.53

0.45

0.45

0.41

0.29

0.24

0.2

0.1

1.28

0.83

0.81

0.45

0.36

0.3

0.27

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.11

0.07

0.05

20.6

16.1

12.1

6.9

6

5.9

3.2

2.5

2.3

1.1

0.9

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

84.7

53.2

43.4

42.6

30.3

29.1

26.4

24.2

23.7

21.3

20.6

17.7

15.5

4.7


j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47

diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00













Felsfok vgzettsgek arnya a 25-64 ves korosztlyban (%)

Diagram1

45.03

29.42

26.76

21.29

21.22

18.15

14.12

13.96

11.73

11.59

10.66

9.97

8

7

Alapadatok


j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47

diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00













brk


diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
























N-1


N


1. Emberi erforrsok


LT45.03

EE29.42

CY26.76

BG21.29

EU-15 tlaga21.22

LV18.15

SL14.12

HU13.96

PL11.73

CZ11.59

SK10.66

RO9.97

TR8.00

MT7.00


LV16.30

MT9.70

EU-15 tlaga8.50

EE5.30

PL5.20

LT3.70

SL3.70

TR3.20

CY3.10

HU3.00

RO1.10


CZ9.16

HU8.80

SL8.74

EU-15 tlaga7.57

PL7.54

MT7.14

SK6.75

BG5.50

RO4.91

EE4.79

LT3.18

LV1.72

TR1.19

CY1.03


EU-15 tlaga3.61

EE3.38

HU3.24

CZ3.22

MT3.06

SK3.03

BG2.71

SL2.71

LV2.19

LT2.01

CY1.83

RO1.43

2. Tuds-teremts


SL0.68

EU-15 tlaga0.67

CZ0.54

EE0.53

LT0.53

TR0.53

HU0.45

PL0.45

BG0.41

LV0.29

SK0.24

CY0.20

RO0.10


EU-15 tlaga1.28

SL0.83

CZ0.81

SK0.45

HU0.36

RO0.30

TR0.27

PL0.25

LV0.20

EE0.15

BG0.11

LT0.07

CY0.05



SL20.60

HU16.10

CZ12.10

EE6.90

CY6.00

SK5.90

BG3.20

LV2.50

PL2.30

LT1.10

RO0.90


EU-15 tlaga12.40

MT2.60

CZ0.58

LT0.54

SL0.50

HU0.30

SK0.19

BG0.12

PL0.05

RO0.04

TR0.02

CY0.00

EE0.00

LV0.00



EU-15 tlaga31.40

EE30.10

SL30.00

MT25.40

CY22.10

SK16.70

HU14.80

CZ13.60

PL9.80

BG7.50

LV7.20

LT6.80

RO4.50

TR3.80


EE9.60

CZ9.50

HU8.90

EU-15 tlaga8.00

LV7.90

SK7.50

LT5.90

PL5.90

SL4.70

MT4.10

BG3.80

TR3.60

RO2.20


MT84.70

EE53.20

HU43.40

CZ42.60

EU-15 tlaga30.30

LV29.10

BG26.40

SK24.20

CY23.70

PL21.30

LT20.60

RO17.70

SL15.50

TR4.70

brk

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

CC-13

Mo/CC-13

Munka3

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

EU-15

Mo/EU-15

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

3.61

3.38

3.24

3.22

3.06

3.03

2.71

2.71

2.19

2.01

1.83

1.43

0.68

0.67

0.54

0.53

0.53

0.53

0.45

0.45

0.41

0.29

0.24

0.2

0.1

1.28

0.83

0.81

0.45

0.36

0.3

0.27

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.11

0.07

0.05

20.6

16.1

12.1

6.9

6

5.9

3.2

2.5

2.3

1.1

0.9

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

84.7

53.2

43.4

42.6

30.3

29.1

26.4

24.2

23.7

21.3

20.6

17.7

15.5

4.7


j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47

diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00













A high-tech szolgltatsokban foglalkoztatottak arnya (%)

Diagram4

3.61

3.38

3.24

3.22

3.06

3.03

2.71

2.71

2.19

2.01

1.83

1.43

Alapadatok


j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47

diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00













brk


diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
























N-1


N


1. Emberi erforrsok


LT45.03

EE29.42

CY26.76

BG21.29

EU-15 tlaga21.22

LV18.15

SL14.12

HU13.96

PL11.73

CZ11.59

SK10.66

RO9.97

TR8.00

MT7.00


LV16.30

MT9.70

EU-15 tlaga8.50

EE5.30

PL5.20

LT3.70

SL3.70

TR3.20

CY3.10

HU3.00

RO1.10


CZ9.16

HU8.80

SL8.74

EU-15 tlaga7.57

PL7.54

MT7.14

SK6.75

BG5.50

RO4.91

EE4.79

LT3.18

LV1.72

TR1.19

CY1.03


EU-15 tlaga3.61

EE3.38

HU3.24

CZ3.22

MT3.06

SK3.03

BG2.71

SL2.71

LV2.19

LT2.01

CY1.83

RO1.43

2. Tuds-teremts


SL0.68

EU-15 tlaga0.67

CZ0.54

EE0.53

LT0.53

TR0.53

HU0.45

PL0.45

BG0.41

LV0.29

SK0.24

CY0.20

RO0.10


EU-15 tlaga1.28

SL0.83

CZ0.81

SK0.45

HU0.36

RO0.30

TR0.27

PL0.25

LV0.20

EE0.15

BG0.11

LT0.07

CY0.05



SL20.60

HU16.10

CZ12.10

EE6.90

CY6.00

SK5.90

BG3.20

LV2.50

PL2.30

LT1.10

RO0.90


EU-15 tlaga12.40

MT2.60

CZ0.58

LT0.54

SL0.50

HU0.30

SK0.19

BG0.12

PL0.05

RO0.04

TR0.02

CY0.00

EE0.00

LV0.00



EU-15 tlaga31.40

EE30.10

SL30.00

MT25.40

CY22.10

SK16.70

HU14.80

CZ13.60

PL9.80

BG7.50

LV7.20

LT6.80

RO4.50

TR3.80


EE9.60

CZ9.50

HU8.90

EU-15 tlaga8.00

LV7.90

SK7.50

LT5.90

PL5.90

SL4.70

MT4.10

BG3.80

TR3.60

RO2.20


MT84.70

EE53.20

HU43.40

CZ42.60

EU-15 tlaga30.30

LV29.10

BG26.40

SK24.20

CY23.70

PL21.30

LT20.60

RO17.70

SL15.50

TR4.70

brk

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

CC-13

Mo/CC-13

Munka3

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

EU-15

Mo/EU-15

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0.68

0.67

0.54

0.53

0.53

0.53

0.45

0.45

0.41

0.29

0.24

0.2

0.1

1.28

0.83

0.81

0.45

0.36

0.3

0.27

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.11

0.07

0.05

20.6

16.1

12.1

6.9

6

5.9

3.2

2.5

2.3

1.1

0.9

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

84.7

53.2

43.4

42.6

30.3

29.1

26.4

24.2

23.7

21.3

20.6

17.7

15.5

4.7


j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47

diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00













Az Eurpai Szabadalmi Hivatalnl bejelentett szabadalmak szma 1 milli lakosra

Diagram7

20.6

16.1

12.1

6.9

6

5.9

3.2

2.5

2.3

1.1

0.9

Alapadatok


j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47

diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00













brk


diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
























N-1


N


1. Emberi erforrsok


LT45.03

EE29.42

CY26.76

BG21.29

EU-15 tlaga21.22

LV18.15

SL14.12

HU13.96

PL11.73

CZ11.59

SK10.66

RO9.97

TR8.00

MT7.00


LV16.30

MT9.70

EU-15 tlaga8.50

EE5.30

PL5.20

LT3.70

SL3.70

TR3.20

CY3.10

HU3.00

RO1.10


CZ9.16

HU8.80

SL8.74

EU-15 tlaga7.57

PL7.54

MT7.14

SK6.75

BG5.50

RO4.91

EE4.79

LT3.18

LV1.72

TR1.19

CY1.03


EU-15 tlaga3.61

EE3.38

HU3.24

CZ3.22

MT3.06

SK3.03

BG2.71

SL2.71

LV2.19

LT2.01

CY1.83

RO1.43

2. Tuds-teremts


SL0.68

EU-15 tlaga0.67

CZ0.54

EE0.53

LT0.53

TR0.53

HU0.45

PL0.45

BG0.41

LV0.29

SK0.24

CY0.20

RO0.10


EU-15 tlaga1.28

SL0.83

CZ0.81

SK0.45

HU0.36

RO0.30

TR0.27

PL0.25

LV0.20

EE0.15

BG0.11

LT0.07

CY0.05



SL20.60

HU16.10

CZ12.10

EE6.90

CY6.00

SK5.90

BG3.20

LV2.50

PL2.30

LT1.10

RO0.90


EU-15 tlaga12.40

MT2.60

CZ0.58

LT0.54

SL0.50

HU0.30

SK0.19

BG0.12

PL0.05

RO0.04

TR0.02

CY0.00

EE0.00

LV0.00



EU-15 tlaga31.40

EE30.10

SL30.00

MT25.40

CY22.10

SK16.70

HU14.80

CZ13.60

PL9.80

BG7.50

LV7.20

LT6.80

RO4.50

TR3.80


EE9.60

CZ9.50

HU8.90

EU-15 tlaga8.00

LV7.90

SK7.50

LT5.90

PL5.90

SL4.70

MT4.10

BG3.80

TR3.60

RO2.20


MT84.70

EE53.20

HU43.40

CZ42.60

EU-15 tlaga30.30

LV29.10

BG26.40

SK24.20

CY23.70

PL21.30

LT20.60

RO17.70

SL15.50

TR4.70

brk

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

CC-13

Mo/CC-13

Munka3

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

EU-15

Mo/EU-15

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

84.7

53.2

43.4

42.6

30.3

29.1

26.4

24.2

23.7

21.3

20.6

17.7

15.5

4.7


j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47

diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00













Az USA-ban bejelentett szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra

Diagram8

2.6

0.58

0.54

0.5

0.3

0.19

0.12

0.05

0.04

0.02

0

0

0

Alapadatok


j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47

diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00













brk


diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
























N-1


N


1. Emberi erforrsok


LT45.03

EE29.42

CY26.76

BG21.29

EU-15 tlaga21.22

LV18.15

SL14.12

HU13.96

PL11.73

CZ11.59

SK10.66

RO9.97

TR8.00

MT7.00


LV16.30

MT9.70

EU-15 tlaga8.50

EE5.30

PL5.20

LT3.70

SL3.70

TR3.20

CY3.10

HU3.00

RO1.10


CZ9.16

HU8.80

SL8.74

EU-15 tlaga7.57

PL7.54

MT7.14

SK6.75

BG5.50

RO4.91

EE4.79

LT3.18

LV1.72

TR1.19

CY1.03


EU-15 tlaga3.61

EE3.38

HU3.24

CZ3.22

MT3.06

SK3.03

BG2.71

SL2.71

LV2.19

LT2.01

CY1.83

RO1.43

2. Tuds-teremts


SL0.68

EU-15 tlaga0.67

CZ0.54

EE0.53

LT0.53

TR0.53

HU0.45

PL0.45

BG0.41

LV0.29

SK0.24

CY0.20

RO0.10


EU-15 tlaga1.28

SL0.83

CZ0.81

SK0.45

HU0.36

RO0.30

TR0.27

PL0.25

LV0.20

EE0.15

BG0.11

LT0.07

CY0.05



SL20.60

HU16.10

CZ12.10

EE6.90

CY6.00

SK5.90

BG3.20

LV2.50

PL2.30

LT1.10

RO0.90


EU-15 tlaga12.40

MT2.60

CZ0.58

LT0.54

SL0.50

HU0.30

SK0.19

BG0.12

PL0.05

RO0.04

TR0.02

CY0.00

EE0.00

LV0.00



EU-15 tlaga31.40

EE30.10

SL30.00

MT25.40

CY22.10

SK16.70

HU14.80

CZ13.60

PL9.80

BG7.50

LV7.20

LT6.80

RO4.50

TR3.80


EE9.60

CZ9.50

HU8.90

EU-15 tlaga8.00

LV7.90

SK7.50

LT5.90

PL5.90

SL4.70

MT4.10

BG3.80

TR3.60

RO2.20


MT84.70

EE53.20

HU43.40

CZ42.60

EU-15 tlaga30.30

LV29.10

BG26.40

SK24.20

CY23.70

PL21.30

LT20.60

RO17.70

SL15.50

TR4.70

brk

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

CC-13

Mo/CC-13

Munka3

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

EU-15

Mo/EU-15

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

84.7

53.2

43.4

42.6

30.3

29.1

26.4

24.2

23.7

21.3

20.6

17.7

15.5

4.7


j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47

diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00













Magyarorszg nhny innovcis mutatja a csatlakoz s a tagjellt orszgokkal sszehasonltva (Innovation Scoreboard, 2003)

Legfontosabb megoldand problmk:Alacsony K+F rfordtsok, fleg a vllalati rfordtsok terletn.Alacsony kutati ltszm, fleg a vllalati kutathelyek terletn.Regionlis egyenltlensg, Budapest 60-65%-os slya az orszgban.A kltsgvetsi kutathelyek K+F infrastruktrjnak helyzete.Alacsony szabadalmi aktivits belfldn s klfldn.A kltsgvetsi kutathelyeken ltrehozott tuds s technolgia nehezen hasznosul a g

Documents

Kutatás-fejlesztés és innováció Magyarországon: tények és trendek