Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
va, ~~ s~ @,
t 1J jfJ _litf l N
#&1 saw
Uhla~ri~s.i.i a.,~sti a~w~ _ :w,~ati arts
awI uljIs JI tlLuLu
aiI
;jd I aaWlQ6olja.4j*
AatJliitLa - aI19! aL.j.ati 9 zh7 14,3I9 ib&I 2sØH aLio
44b 40 UON ail
tAbs t 4,J.s .ai
agL.JI iil4Iaajl
(.Ct.4Jci L)
( 1b u6j 953.8 P ççJJ fr)1 4t;JJ~JI u431 CJLJX2
cJI -1$ cSJl -. / cSJI
2013 &yj4-Ij ;j44, L5
r 24 J3is. : ,328 978 -99906 - 88 - 38- 2:
Depository Number: 218 / 2013 ys 4, ISBN: 978-99906-88-38-2 aa4,
;Jlal 04U Aim!
&~V1 1 QLdlja
, . . S4JI)Jj4I:e ç)j4jà$
(3jL'M flY) c. 5~JI aa4> y..La JU
J( 6-a"—"-yjaa,j ..ai
JbI rM" rtJ
j5Y LrJ LIUl3
M4 .
k}'i LXJS Q J)
Lt5jSil s}.>tJ LU.JI
s.,4SLi. /j .tIag,.wj
ciI iy) Zt I)I o})J
O) l!
JLiU ),kJ! z/Ji L.JJB
.3
JJJ-ZllJ JI?t
c~i LL4L,-
3.;
L35 &yJI ijUl
)b'I L_ 15
r Js
sASW LiZI . 3
r 2_K
Ln
;Adljajl
13
15 cia-i
23 1 _:J-2
29 Le} AJSdI &J_-3
30 Z...liiS ZE) 1-3
30 il>dt c'Le} 2-3
31
33 : - 5
34 -6
34 :iI>&Uj)JlU6'_-7
35
2-1-7
43 :L'413-1-7
51
aji 2-7
55 1-2-7
58 : UI - 13 JI 2-2-7
62
63 AL- ZiUJl L1J'> 4-2-7
66 :,Li3l )flia3Ia*JI 2JUJ cjLj J 5-2-7
A4JI t.d4a .agaiaJ 1pS9JI j sJJgi.SJI aJI
Till TI11L J9jL j Lcaj 3k4aiS LL-'2t c.'UL5J 7- 2-7
72
77 :UsU2fl3 t.LiS I LCfl ;,,A LW LJI 18-.,.J 8-2-7
80 :LUfl 3ft. UWiS i,k4 ZJ,3Jl LiI 9-2-7
±11±11 flt2-9-2-7
85 :ZiIcLS,i1 -8
116
124 3-8
132 ZU1S4-8
133 1
135 10
136
136
138
142 - ZIJJJI PL' 13
142 . 145 1-1 -13
c J jJJJ j(yJ.-1 1- 1-1-13 145
2-1-1-13
% J 4I•" LULj iflgabJIa.4aJI LJ
F
146 M} Li J 1-2-1-1-13
146 ffl Y1 j LLt~fl rM yfl 2-2±113
167 :ZJ~J rk ). La,-'JI j3)Jl Jy L05k.,t 10-2-2-1-1-13
173 Lt..Joj ZJLa>-)11 j3)il Z3'h - J]i JJ 1-3-2-1-1-13
- 174 2-3-2-1-1-13
176 .S, ZNh 3-3-2-1-1-13
179 )s ZaL-1 cA.Jl ra4 JSU jJ 5-3-2-1-1-13
i)i) J.9\'
180 J J Ui 2-1-13
182 : Z.J03J1 - biydI 2-13
-7t4b 1-2-13
ji
1JL4tPJ±2-13 6
189 2-1-1-2-13
192 •) 1'Jl ai.c Z1kJS cjl~1l ±2-1-2-13
(ZI,)l JJ JI cLA)
193 J I5 2aJ 3-2-13
CthJIaAs.46 .aa...sc jiJ pSgjj .1 UL'"aUl i.JaJ1 L.oJl wLaJ
I S
I
195
197 3-13
199 1-3-13
199 k1 cL 3b) JIS J9 11-313
201 LJbJ jrU )s 5JJ aLaS-'i , 2 -1-3-13
204 p ). (aJ- "PL--Y PL 3-1-3-13
206
223 JbJ jyJJ a J LU- ko 5-1-3-13
233 Uia) Jt.th
---
248 LLJii _)yd I ZiitJi 4kzL ,.± J>- ZJL- Zj 7-1-3-13
251 i
253
255
257 ç)-'--' oL N yioy±34 13
258 j_J) )I ) Z1-t U~iS XkzA ± 4-4-13
266 -' -' A- ±5 - 4-13
:(,Jl
a - u'J pS,JI
275 :l)JUyfl
281
282 1-7-4-13 283 :Lail c.I}2-7- 4-13
284 5-13
),i-U,Ji) J,'l Lii ) Z1kJS d~± 1- 5-13 285 - - _-
JPJ),JDJ1_lAJiJ41.ftA3_*_UJL2513 288 1
293 13 295 ZJL-tJ4-5-13
L 391 .___ 41
303 __ :tL;JL2JJlic.A-Ja4— 15
305
307 ------ -------___ _____
319
321
322 LI - ................. ...............
328 jJ.A'L L4UI_,aaa
,41a cj-aa SgJI gIJtaM.LiJ
4AIsZ jJ!j 2 ia
J,ji ZJJ cUK jix. }.-i ULaiI jUI a0- eI !L*.j iUJi, Lz,-' 4MLJ L4 Lj23 0Jl Le)
L~rj cLfl >J eLN LLi ) JLL1I JL ç ZJLfl j.UaZ 2W1 L, Uj L4S 41j.RJI y4PJ cJl
JI
LJ,JJ c'JjJ J oi LJ2SJ j UJi -3kLiI LSj ç5Ak P"JJJI Lcfrt LS4~3S L5.Jl U.A J3L LA
Lr
L.S. ZL_~ l .)-47 j.fl )di, cjU>JU .ZJOJJI 0i>,J ççLP 1aJ j LJ}L jy 4JJ
H .i r-Uuj d*Iy JJ L.JISJ Ljfl
j )Ji 2011 /2010 :) njGJl 3s L zu .LU iUi 0a
L5 4j4JIj ),U *' jJI y4 Oj 5 4 ZAiJ -
•Lth'i LJl s SLpj 3U2il —
) rL L (JP)"JIJ JJJI j: —
LS JJ —
3j Z JJI 4JI 3A LLJI L43y
.LaJ-1 k,LY
zj,jJl JI JrOU Lc LI cjLoj JJ
.LcStJI cjL..ajU j cA.0-I ) ..i5UaiI Lc..d .L.Ji cjUi.
a tIJ &I L,JIakJI ialiStia
L cL4Il Aj5 r - 4O 3l L3—' J~La
tMaja -1 Uayc JJI & jRJ oi j
} 4L.6 Z,,J j Jj_.fl la., *,
j a,-u.4 ZsL- LL JA,c.
Szfl LJLL4 J Zj' J.c*, AtrJ :-J L.
L LudI ju, Z- a c.z.W c4J )-LAJS y
zu zi aJLaJ-; Lc jiZ iL-3a4 Zi ,a)
t,il Si! .iA L1-Ldl, >-,U-I LsJS ;)b
3u 4SJI LeL .â cPji
CJl_aj.iA )j j4J 3y.o y 3IJLJI oiA ,Ki 4LçsU LL.. JU..t3 LL
3LUJI oi ! &-Iç jJl Lc,~JI cAiI Z - a ) y-j
;.)sLt4 &Lt>4 AAS J1) j., 1yJI 3LJU
3S ) )*)) Lcy-'U Zj ZAU3JL ) ZLJJL
it- &i jAk '!, JJI cA,JU Zii c J (2)t
4J_ _)i_, .PLJl 4 J4iI jjtL '- L)1.fl cLai,
r2009aLJJ) iWI Mj4 .th .za.. 4.iI I } JyJ! 3 (2)
.37 ,,P, 1992 J,i1 30-8
i63 JJl 3LaJ")I us, J-LUl
cLj1l j 4.è)e Z?c-L4ti LI
u€s k,) Up- bJ.tZ4 A3J t'L ZJ1CZ'H .tJi ) •u.i t;,rttfl ,U :LfJi,
31 zEJ9i &,' LJb 9 Jl ZkLJ LUa3I
Zj) j3 ~4
&.9jay -° r- i LS c5_o4i Lap3
.cJU ci J aLJIj L-"J y-J ,th
a I i5kJ L- cA) tlIoi
j çI JjJii j1k. U2U oi cJ$3 4 .2ij)j L&tJ (} 57~J
kJt , ) JLJ J-i U-1 zak ul
cH LS l}i JLSI Li., £. i
kr L LaI Li3kk2 3LtLi 0J ji.E Lua
IJI a jAfl L"JI Wi
--r JO'JI i 3U .L.cL>-'fl .iA aJa3l 5j) Js zlai
L:Jt L4 La 5JAJ aWJI - -
J43) 35k LL-'J( 2JLj.JI C) t4b-rk, L•tI
.La4-1 L.,Hij LJ51i1 r
5L.t Z$j I 3LAL } U ~1 3
Zell k, Js ;Uj 4y ZL.t-'Th Lr'iI dLaU @'-
Si'is-aL .aU1 aaa-* iJ 4aJI LJI6JI aJI
5 i ,-ljl 4JJI k,&L 4J Z4 Lj...bi LàJ4 LrLJI
j iJ itL i } 3LÜW J ) U J JiJI 3Q7 JJ JI oiJ j dw-; L,th 4i
.-U-I J>thj UaU 3C LL J
L&>ij Sj I çJjJI CUJ3N1 r'J UJI &t.&,.~ i45L
dS cal i>i J.QJ 4I JLJI c jJJI Ua
ZLkd-I üy1i bJ4-1 1t..Jl çsUJI zz iu L,.4.M zakU
J-1u-Lj3L,b,Ij 1i ULfl LbJJI cLJ cjJ J £JJ-I )LJ)i ç lkil jj j Li~ Lk
tis LL,J cjULfl U.4S' r- U2.fl ft& y9 j
H'3' ) LI JLJ) 59.JJ c.LbLtlbJI Sl i,- k
ci 4y31 Ziy ) tzyoJ j LJoJI L:JLfr J; UL4I j
Ytii cAL j+ cs yqfl il J.LU A
Z.; UJ IpUJi 5WS j4 ) Z ZLa L9L
,Cc 3J3 W.Z5L'JI LJSJI Z J JU aJSj
1U c4t~A 35 J5j -JIj 4 j JI &J aay 4 y.JI 4*JJI S,bj )J
3 JI c>JI pJ y5JI CjtlI J) LJI U gj
;
11
I 1 aç.JiatAs a s& I'L
La LW Ji JJ JU"JI 35~C L1S .LLa 3 UU
Z1,i$ t,~dJ Lb4. JLt ,th GUaM,, k •J Ufl.6)I Ji. J.s e4t.'øJ LL)Za6.1 1 3J J3i j4 } ,L24JJ .&AkU ) Ut2J
ç5L'j ZpiI LfJI eLL L_-1 L jiaj U)I Aaj4JI
.ratLsj z;
y'i U' 353 ULxJ cL&>Jl
L:)yS & L1J-I &CkU c -U-1 1t a
i 'r199' Ht-5 C4}&C
csiiI 'r'99° çL LQI ç)aJ ik3 çt 1989 i;
jç ±JJS 3k; 4 •°;Lfl s 4 LA~I J~2J çajiJl
d4 LJJ}"13 J,JI CIy o -jJ - çii 3Jii
r2003 j LlJ J3k>-1 Sy - j
LcJl L_QJ jAi i - øAJ- -.Lo 6,L
cAk OSA&Li3j .Lk3iS j .,
JJ -L u S
Z4U3I Z_,LJ çjMj cAQ-I & JJ d.&LtL i Zli3 L4iI J
J*t.-Ij ,S_L1 ) } LiIJI c1211 OLoI r j j f 199 2) U. C.AU )IyJI j)A3l (3) - Ln±JI .t*a ç1991 j lyi 26) C.aj iI j p LWjlj 7 4
u SJI azJlj 4J
9 0 0
ç5fr._4 ) J LaL.çe LL
c4yi-I - JjJi 4i.dI
JJ 44 )IJ.>I Sjj.) t~Lpll -
J ,iUi J4JI JLi'Ij fAJ ,3b) 3p't }a I
ZJI4-I Z,C_.J$, L.MLJI L-1 b.4
LJLI,JI LU L>JLI c1>U &,-1j L,L-IJJ s3 _1l
,.aJ-3 L5CJI jiL iL U'acth ;U.- cLJIC4 } LLA~CJj esil Li3 L 3 J aU di ULIW .Lil
4jjI jLLI ul3 I, U1kJ, WJ
;LaI Lsii, Zfli UWJl Jl Z, LSfft, Ji
r- -' LLJI 3uT ;;,
) ZJ'ft, 2%i; LAk3I cl_• J; .-'J
kJl tai4 LL3 .yo Z) cS; bij
Lr Jj.) J iLtl JLI LJC LI 144J LLLa Ukfl
:# ,La.) L1J ZLs LUtJ I LJl Ja.j :Al (4) (27-24 ,a.a) ç2005 Uf /yt.. 41! .tsJI
3L~3i (JI)a.Ul)fl.dI LN1u.- piI ...,J U-! )LJI j) Li Jii :)I (6)
/J)16 I5 &jJ
gJI saL .4.6 asaa iaJqtSJl 9sJI Saa
Jr J- --
ii i-L L5 ç.4,JI ua2i c.Ath 9
kf- UJ -I A-° '-- )i cly
. tj~JtJ
ca)j.4- ç5tj4Sjil 4Jj J duj4ii JLa Jy- )L) J4 j.s
Cr4 ;Y-i LI~~Ujl 21 Cf
- r-&- trj - ytj iiUfl )jJij
Cr4 çØ9J CA J4JI 4L iyii i1i ,.c
Jy!OJ•l y° sLlj ZJLJJi 4iL
LaS -i L'474 ' 3 k 0i 3JI iLU
3Jy yiJ (3Li) L4-S çpJ LAj
b 3IJ 0i U
4?rJcjkfrnI AjJ 4.A.1 ) J3 il '
iJI, )UW LJl LLai J, UJI3 4 jJ th Cf.-I) L
LS
.-jLail c.ô&~th c.Li)I A
LJLa3LJ jyO 4J34J1 4 i-b ztn La3JI Olt 31?t_ L5i,
-J I
tiM jJiJl Up LLa3lj}LIit 1,- )Nii pWj
r; 'L - - SXe JAJU .cALJrij }SU Zt3J,~Jl ZJ
Jj S~ 4AL>Z xi- ULi
344J.JL,tiI JiI tS,Lil,JJL41,46j A. l I(7) (81-68 Qa.o) ç27 (jdjSl) J,'iI
gSJIAtAjJ a-"--& pJ
c43jj )il Z3W3l3 Z03 rYi
tJJi 9y'-i J4J AeL4S L4Jl ilika yj nil
c.kSJ j &iJJ c-LS ,u k..z3i Ja L1i
cP -)y cU,-5kU
LC 3JI J' J J H1 J- y9J~*IrJCLj L€jiL,
±3UA 31 &JJ.5Jfl is jJl -• iii
)p yLa c R 4r#t L?3
,CJj 3j 31-&k Zzu a;
U.JL- -
e
31 LJS LJ -4l .LUS OLA1Jl dA ) L.5sJI &JUJI
Laij UL4j sLti jLt4 to' L>WLi 31 p'
thc jAj;9P
cj \J jj
3; JW A ZI,il 4 J J • 3j e, 4 J.4J J
JBaJCLS Za!JZ J L,&1 J3)UiL2JC(8)
1
sJIaaaL.4l= ag u'J eJ1 IILni
Zk,Ia L,,aa JUs JU.z
JJ L ¼U t.CèjA 4JL1A oi ciCt
j4JI iJLa r .Li,;Jlj; k 'k cAcil MU L'
1cr- LS iIj u 3J CrC dfl d.UK z.th,Jl
cjL5U S j JUJ j15 L..JU.S L.5tc'i3 t1kLi
j JitiI iL.Ji L)j'i Z->QL JSJ3 L4I Z,.~Ll UA L. LRè
Cr4 Z1 A+UI & S cojLlj iJt c-1 Z.kUI
iiL4 Jjb
Z.PL -N i..i S jLijL .L...'- t iULfl i6J aJl
Ji4, a'-lj £ 4 CYC€ LS2S J ZSLJIJ
I a€ii ; -; .-st , sJI k~ LXiIJJ iL.J
Ll S j it, &U13 ±AJt
1 J pLaSiij J iS l Al J1 ,èv
-J U3S
,S..41 /J2s2I yJIJ.t4I ,44I asil ) LIIC1 fr (9)
01396 'r2002
'_'
. : -2
U Z4 .
ç7Jj~M 4 J JI 4L4 J
eS.JJ1zfl 4iadI &J .-b 4) araja- y iI hA
2,44, 2L A.LCI Jul J Js çJ;
JCtJ;., c,CtiI 2iL- 4 J U
odA 3J 422W3Ij LUaJIj LL -21 UL-<iI kL.Ci c2 4ZiUth3 LJI 5Wz iU cJlJ U .sL -'l c.i~- I
>J .iJ.-1 ZlJiCJi 443 4UjAj ilic L-1 )4 1i
ctf'J j Jfr4JI acz Z:~jU L 3JI OAA ç Jl 4th JJS.AiI A4
:l- L5 çth Lil3 LL,4iNi LS
cS..AiU)) :J,ii Cl 5Jj JI 3L4I
4t,fl .Aji ZLai c.s J L5jjl sjiJl ac)Ij çC y dlj öJJ y
.;aJi3 LaJI )J1 L7 rLr 4L L'Is. Jo .fli
Lc'I3 L.aLJlj LLãiiL rLtCj rLdãNI ) L jl ZLJ as JI
J~. ed ) L)1 L9j Lfl >i3 33L
43! "J '-' L±,
U5kA L i
(10)
) q,}! Iy.&Jt ZiI ZJ.,. L~JI Lj&I y LpLL! caJA Ml 4JLL. (10)
33 L(33-3O ua,c) 2001 ..aj~Jl cj,aJ$, 4U-I
agSJIssL .46 a- a pJiSgJI .LaualsaeJIinaJ
'D Zaii LL'I CJ..3JJ1 .51AJ'I y4J
yil &4 tS#jJJ j L5'J cLi'iI LJA3.J - LçWS
r196' rLo £ j JJI jg; .QJI 31 .),il iJ U5LI
o ,Kç Lc3
L oy}1j JiL-1 jp.a 4SFU a5k1l a ySJ jS
(ll)jJ jj 3JJ J3
Jl JLA.J )i 3 y'I3 c5 4SAU öU Jc. zLifl
au-i aU-i J 3i,U JUB i,- &i zi1l 5 - 5¼19 -
qz - ui J (l2)Q LUJI 3u
t Lt-'j LSI LAka &Z
J-- LPt?' L:OC Z yy sJI J5- H Z1 t. ii1I L,CI 4k - ZiU LLJIS L5jjl jjAJU Z,Jil
(13) - - I
'r 41ii J JLI ji ,J JUl ) J,Zi
L.L-'I UiI i ) L3-LJI L4J.1 U__
LL Leliia .x LJJl Z,431 ZLa 3t ZLJIj
(yj .;p& uuJl Utaaiij AjjU
Z1at) JUJ! r4' 4èa L1t-I j W-UJI J..IpJI p :jJi dIj ~i LJ1) (II) (124-110 a..,o)(29-26 ,ao) 'r'997
(124-110 jLJI (12)
(124-110 L,a.o) jLJI ,,41 e..skIJ cjJ &1, (13)
r4t> J LcjtSljl cA7 jU
,çiii c-aiIJ
L)1 ;th, L-Jl &4
j L,it L3 4LJJJI )4 LcJJl 'f
) JU-i ø4
;Au JSJ JI L U
cs-u j uu±i; zJ;j Uii u,- qiI aL 51J Lg.~A.Ulj
'AS 5alii U2J$
J Y'
UU±3I EU-I s ;L.iS3 zLiJ
iLa, •(JI J,iil3 3HIJ JjLl Jp LS) P L5
k 7;Jl AiUi J Jz S UW tJS d1i ) .LAJJI LL.ZflJ X JJI iLil ZU >aJIth
L)UJ JJl LJJ
L+iS oi& L..aZJlj sLthj Z)Jl &.JyOt1I L5
.;s-ui; iUJ --3i, kteU L445 JQs
(5i JiS Cr 'D Jj4J 4-l) LSZJI CJk> i c.J 4 - S J çJJ —1 4th iki>-
- 5Ul i ULJ
k ysfl 0jUJ kiI U3 4,JS LA.-3i .4 ,dl >ds )P 4— o.4.c Lu
! 4jt*,-j 4SjJI ;i>il j2;3 LI
LA42009 U 31
lei a
S I
l.J, tk&I LaJI
(14)j,J3j r4j Jii Lai Ltt4 )
k.1rAj ;b-3i L)ftr— ;AJ
Lj3kzfl .Ai2 Zp-y
c'L jLII SA '# tk.Ji LaU
c ut L ,~it 3&ri u3~>w AJi uii
_9 IUi .L.iit
jr° Uj s- )i Lu 3 W L iS Wit3 iU
F33 L5) UU2iS U5kiL L3 IJI OJ jl
3,oj 4) -b.jlI ) PLth 4thJJ A)Liit aLMJLiI 35
J zp UL4, ytaj SLc - -
j3t ySkJ taAt Z43M Lj431 ;J LtLaa Zs4j' j1
cat-jJt ola j,i j )U& j5UfIj JaJIJ --', zi,aiu
n' JC ) ;thjJ Lk,-U aLai$
U3 i j1&;fl ziiI cJi; SI} a3LU ii
ra*dJ ai..JI Z,tj "I Lay Zi,a) j3j~SJ &a
3,p )aJI JJ 4ib ui-i; L _-'u jci3
• i ).;è:a
za s 45 j 2sW LU -r.,p -
,S J5 a-ytii; ouii
.a1,u3 }'jJIj
1I )Lait-I Lo iiI JI..JI oJ.,ajJJI ,.LJ! jbJI(14)
aJI r '-* u' ' j s.JIa~s6eJR.gsJI 4a
Si -jJ 0W ;&-L,J JJ LaU J— -Ui
JL Ju_- LZU k$--i ZL-NS
asu jy2J Si ctSi jy tLa
ji
3i
.t;L4, 2UJ1 Z2.kJI AcLC1 iLa3
si,-fl L,U La1i ot L Q9iI ,~i,
il Las-1 a às cLa}tj 5U23I j a5k. U ob j 3L9'Jl y J &4JJ 1fdLJJJ Lct$# cU) ii Z4-I 3~j .1.i _3xiI
L3ki0 3Z I ZLWI LAJII cAjJlj .3i.>W
) i 4j kU1€JcJiyi .)-ic,1p
4 AUU UI LL!i UL$, L4JZU ACNS ckLI
J 3jUs' çUi.a.2 N
.i>-Jil, Lai, ZJOIjU 1s'11 3r U-kU
i Mt.th oIA ) >tJ J~AZNI J5ZAJ ZJJ
Z4, J a>-iI L,il LLa
k,*S 43 5&k3 JUJI 3r } t)Si cJ_P-i Zr L Ji JJtj
)i.t3I Ith13 ';)i JjAJI
?Lø3 L) Ni Ji
j LJ1CNI LY 3i• LI) LI 1i k' c,~Jt / H
4Ja t ji.i d' 1 LaJLJIe SJI aJt Lsi
r dI o L5 Z L
US L*C9~il j kJI ÔA) J ata 4iiJ.>S aw
i L9 J13 ZiU Ji )iaW 0LA"J I
3 atz. U LA 4p• ççJiI JIj.J,
ZiLalil )s. J 31 J,tjkji cLSij ZJJ LcAJI ILA
Cf BLt JAJ ççc. IA 4l31 LLI ) Z3UJi Zy)I
a.LU . Zy 5yij &4U- ZiUS
u ui;
LaLIJ-; _'!i JjJS,
) t+ LS -.JS L Z4U-I Y,r' a.4yj 5ki jsJ LFC~l
cai,u i,ii z.0 -i -
.LNi3 zB .Lali fAU Sfl iii -s a L JJ; a.0-t
L.i aa 3 L ji o43 LrU' Lal L~<_J 4Li
Z1t4 ai,u
z jjI ;b-M ),JJI kIfl i t1I al &.4U
LS jJI ±LLJI Ldt
ZLI tpA)ki U,jJS Z J JI jLto ki cê 31U 3~ 31
JI j; 31 csUI J&j ?ryJS ZSJ3I jj.4J1 oJ
?4JJAU
rS&I.Lr.4Lj,.aJ, 6SEaa
4 4J)UIU LkJJI LA JJ &ULM fl4iJ 4iS# jS'j Z.A.-I
z 35Ufl U .5iS &.L- 5ki ii
Li JlS ZL 3 çiS 3s0J LJ jJl
'- jy,a J5k- U,,J ;jya jil' oi
L)1J ?.bJ.)I L LtJIt JC Li i- ?lp5U $U 3i yU JflJ cLCfl yUo 31
___ '' 1-3
H' • WiL JJ'JI jLc ,n.J1Cj L.AJl Lfl.C4 rai
LJlj4U ' J L5Y' (3
.UK4j JI A'- 5W Ay ,th ZiftU L.
L L5 JJJI LSYtJI i &SJJI LS,k aJ
ztJI &4>JJUI 5L 5aj k,& ;4 U.L* t4
j thZj 1.
a 3 J IL<I
,-1 ui3 1 usU LLr cy
I Ld bI L3Ni3 J. ,k- J~.z LL4 iJi
s.JIjtaL UL -g-s u"JiI ULs'Io ,,s&I a*aJI
_iJs4 j J1
a>- 12 jiJ LrtM JJ
,J. Ij J1 oi 3 j1 cAS3 ¶ j iJl1 JS cAJI
is) JA.i) JJ i k3 ,5Cc ¶ZJoJ cA*'J
: ;mdljiJl iAjmdi-1-3
LJK.43 1j4 Z UsLL Lk.IS J Lt 'H U cj..à )j
ibJ C-' L:Cç
IJ1 a -1 L 5th3S Ji jza U-i
u,j jl c4k> )! 5kil , U -2
?&4J L)5U Cr Jl cU3L U -3
LOW i U)I U —4
IjaI! aL_L,I - 2-3
b jL 2ii,aJ aL.,)J C? ;&et4
'j 'çr4 MUJJt cAi La, dkiS JI U) -1
L,9L>-'2l LCft, ZJL<J
USiA J (/-
Li tJ tS&i 4j asi
aJ 'cr4 .1iil Ak1 -2
0aLa-Nj .LSR3 Z±CiS3
Jj i) &2iI A1 Ui 5U2iI u ULal 3j} .,9 -3
akiJi ç4a- -3 3i.) L-'J LSl UC3S, zU-;
ZJJ 'cr4 41>th cl 7Ai Ui kkJ ,u LsLa-1 JL;J} -4
eL.Clj cUCflj
LJ3kL Ld L1fl cA"J) .J £JA ) (,.LiS
Ji Ji) LJAJ 1U J&kJI LLa,- ib Li) -9 -5
L oLa-'ij Zi&L>1l (,k-, jJ.i) L-'l LSI )JTJI aU-
IjaJ! I -4
ctA Jojil L'J3 4i ;iL4 44 3k; Lc ça,
1_rj t€i c--tcL5
1 jZj L4J L, l A3 c
LSLP atJtJ i&U ç.J.tJS
L5zulPU aS Lo c.at ii$Ui Z.t,- oi 3LJS
k 3 3.,.- &a..>qJ o.Lt
J_c L,kJI J~iJ 14k c,~Jl j UJl3
.41k a.a s 0iaJ k&I -d
1 cS )ij 4iJ1 cAcjJ Ji
Z,. cLLU j , s,.a1- Jl t. diii I L3U Lk>-ilI
-fj 4kJI JI3JiSS.,.t& YL LL aiii3 ki
I LAi,lI JL'Ji UU±ii L2yJl i 44Z J.al oj
Lc - ULJI ai4i ZbJJI Ii ) t;
Ll L,IU L JCt3 ca2 -
oi 4-Ai J~ J1yi1 y Z.t4:a J*li oi
ZJ J3I J.'-jlij 4JI ,a JjL5 JI LIJSL
°n4 1c 4ljJJI oL j
ro 4u4jl tt&r' t-' y - - lal LAiit cA LLJ
j Z,il 4JS Jlt £4J1
Le2 JJ 4ay Jl JL. aI JS)I Z-U-t y Z J.Afl oi L.d
0U0 O 4.LJI )LMIJJJI j19J 4..AjUI i& Lt1
4c :Lip J5 "I 1P
1l i ±fli 3 4at tj JI ziL jr
oiz Z,Ij ji Z-U-.I L ç5± LIJt 3 &liJj o\a1i
.Li yat j UL.L
c/tn 3 &I,431 0J41' ç-i J.J1 ,. Lth.i -
46 aa psJ ØSdJI LULia.h tS I.aJI Saj
$ }S ZcL- J
)L Lt>J
J-1 :4 j kk U JJI ) ,dI JJl
LxiI J) c-LJ'JIj zi&iiii3
L)LAJU .- j il Lxt ) lJ dU LK5l 4J;
ZLc j cl LcLl jw A
(Ip '- )L)ij L41th I&JC A4) di oJ LzJ -
.c__ j _cjl I 1 ZJS ;s-J
: IjaJI sliM! — 5
*- ,J.JI 3t 2 J1
rMjj Z.W f 4AtJI LU4EJ Z J4ii Li ;2) -
L u -
j+U -4i JJL6JS -
1Aj LC L:tJ 1S 4k -
LJ5kiO j.i) }aiI3 5iI CA* JJI 34 LiLLCt1 -
k,.€Jl ~ Li 4•UJ cLaiLJ J- J4.4 J -
A14I 6IA.uULj,sJIg ajJI LAW La
}.k.-N pyj Jr t si 41P 3 >Stc a
US J -1,s Li
:!jt ags - 6
c-0 &4- L)
r201' /2010 4,iJ r J :t)S ,J-1
:IjaJJ '&j-• tf jLbll - 7
Jat gJl 2JI oJ
cii tJt9 4J>UJ cc..n<l LJ L4J' J &JJ4.II r jj, U.kSl j JI ) eL.iNIj ajJij y- li LL&J Js5
L jUol ri SJI 4Jj41i Lpjijli LL>fl JJ Li çtjj 'j
JytJj L5J LSi LL,bL jL ,th JJ L5&1l SI
JJtA JL.% yac ZI.LLIj 1il3 La.cJi AJI.C43 dUJ4IU
3 4( i r--' a' 3
'jli, LU-i3 t.JL jL
4jj4J -1 i -) LJL<
ILJI3 LS'113 ZLU JJIt U- j cC ) L1,,
LII LJUJU j JL ày tJ
L JJ1 iiLj Qi ) LiI, 3L, ll3 yOj'I
gSJI tAs b-ag...a .a&pS&I :1J
:j? patAL6 1 - 7
:Vp- 1-1-7
Jj C1jJI JJJI r 44j I cjLiI Jj3k,aiI 4 J•4i CLJI Cr4
& - LaLZf J U Z.sU oJ ,!~J, LLJL, 4UI
.JLI JaIj flj JUB J-1 JU iZj o}
U U UUJ
SJI U ;jt LsiI 34t4 UI
JP 4 S(,øLUErJjWja 4 Ji 3,~'i3 J.>-Ii z>dbi}i
.&LJYl 4L il $Ji iiS
29L4 U kit AciI }
.i5LNi
cA.I I}1 di LJ5¼I L)I 9-
3,t 3,uls L
ZL t,JbA
i
1: ZiU3I L4I3 JLfJ, ;i>-,iI ) J LS JL'I iil )
H JLatJI
a qSJI £LLJ Ig oiIa-iA La
gaa cr il ;j.,c J1 -
Lt± iil3 cLJ y J Jy- li, d.Ji 3S
fr )*2 JJI JMJU Lth JJ..2J1 W4 ) UI
0i tçJ,4z L2j LJNI Lcl cjLil j L 2iiS c.jUJI
- IiI )iU '0li cj Js B.1t LflPJI L?4 Cr4
U L&)x J~1J 31 ~c ' LràJI ,~i j ZJ,,iI
fa? LJ1J j !3J 1I L,.siI ) yAJI IJj a
cr' jJl cJo3JI 4JI 4 3}dI 1JJ L.PC)JIJ 3LJI 3u JPUIJS
ZJ,JJI LiU .ZiL sLi23 aU, 'JISc 1I
3•6JJ1 L
k-€
L-ij -Z L) JJI ,La-Lj 3L-'t ) aIJCflJI 2kaOl
L jl ZbLtiI L Aj 3LiI3 ZSJtii ZiUJI3 J'J thL.A j :Uo,JI
çk,JS L3l UI :J5iJ1 ,~.c aJI Liii Ui 3
JJ c-,.J Z-)w 3 LLJI
pèjfl U
3 j3i 'J J 4 z;Lailu,JL
f1993 j4.. 'r 31 -i LJkLS. -<Jj :)afl (is)
pJ nSeJI LJJISa9JIaJI AJ
sii si H3 3.0,5U LYW z- ;Ij
4 L5 rjZ - JLII Jr LS - d-€1 .L351 9 LJNi zp-j
'-'' 'HU t' ) kø L&l 'H LJJftJIJ LyJS JalJ A' L.)Ujij JJI Lr- ).c >-tJ cL ,u U LJ LiJ I cUJ
JZJI LS.9-3i 4Jfr J jy~)j '4 'J Jj 9j
) taj Jl UthJl l U5kl
)Pj jyjojj 33 L4 n , jJ- JJU U U1 jJ
Lrt_j L3 pCJI g3j z UL4 &ioy 3L- 3IJ JJ
, sR ZJofl LJ J 3 .i
-3iL
Y Lr LSy)) k,J1 UI j,ath ii
SiW Lt.."Jl3 U- .f*JLJ J&ti fl L.2 I j I IjiJUJ3 cL$,
3ilçiI i jUJ! 1 i-" o - 'JJ U -JA LOO
UIJJ ij LL.>-\ ZLO (16)(ft
2±c N jj cb3il JJLil
:jW4 l 'I Ua*3lj J 4U 3LLJ Js
)23i1 :,oL 5¼ jW
.7 (is - S ,ao) 'r19981
UjJ~ Lj&Ij ZlyJI '.c4I .lc (17)
JI tsLs 4 J iSJI VL j aJtSeJIL,sJI L*a
L'° P4-4 cs3i-'
j.* LtAj &4J LaL1J a' j JL
i cAJIi JQJIj Ji J j€ ptiA t'j. k,€JI pi. 3t JI iU- ct)r yj UL1 a~j UL-i
cc*r JIJ
k H1 JJIj - Lc ) j t,ana T u6
cAsA,aiIj 2SJ CJLiLJI c.Iç-'J 4 iW JI,- U U u, ZJ,,fl
u- L4 j j d1~AJ3UJ'J Jk,s. H-JJ j4 (yO 4tU IOJI 4JU O)jjj CJ 414~ J fl'-j J
L4 ol UI) 315 L Oj .j5U2f j Jj4.tM'j
-SjJIJ L, &.,aiI cL- Lc) 3 ,~.c L~ j5UCl3 JI3 ;,iI
cjL,aaJI a.'-3 }aJl LJI cAaiIj cLAJi
.Z1UJ1
jJ
it oLZI J Ub LYL oLZ IU). kz, t,aJjj t&t*l;j ç4LI €±1
. •
(18)
j 1 j1tUtaj:i c..J JJJ 3!B:HUJ LfA L
.6,o (is - S ,s.o) 'r1998' 6Js JX,<i Lj&IjZLyJ! 3 .p Jaa2 (ia)
I6 paJ LLsiULg..JI J=oJRi.aJI Qt,.3j
Ui z4J J LUi1 J-1 33-'J, 3U-)l } } (19)&. y-'-j j-& Jc.0 Lt0
J ZkJJ UiI sfJ3 H ) ) 31 c jy,aJS i3 Ui
g LS a.j ei
. -j cAi Ja L . 31 c.otj LS
:s1!js'-s-'il -2- 1-7
iJW :i1 Appartenance LS Lc.Lz-N I pL.i w Jy (2O)((- ZpL,- 3 ZpL,- Z s4 iil L3
ca LL-Nl ;U-1 aMS Jc iW Lz
jJi L-'t L..LJI Z.a~.fl
p~a zsi, UL~fl
jJI ZJ'fl y~J ci~a LLai4 ijyt. eLS - )Lf
)J 3i& 32~Ji J13 U3 0I)L S' Z23 ) uui;3 z-s ins' 4jI- j ji
(21)
.375 ,.oç1998 1UJI LJ!j ZJI )3o J,C2J ) r' k,431 (ç1998) Hk$1 A (19)
(20) Madeleine Grawitz, Lexique des science sociales DaIIoz, Paris 1983, p.23.
,) LJ C)I)A .LCI ..&
a4sJIcL aaga pJ a LL..a4Lj,s&JIs ..S- .JlLq.aJlc.Laj
II -trJUdI, JI/Th, H' Cii 'A 4LoLC .iSj
cakj ZJl jj> Ll J~LJ 22 0IJJ jAJ 4
>4 Li .LN1
ZP, .,L4 JCt.a LsLLap3RpL,-
Zjj,o i-ti Jij 'a ZLJ j LUP) ZpL,- Jl £±J
fi;
j zp
.)Afl L4
Lfr V ri LH 1 4L ç5i
oL0 y 1s LcJ.kz L4 4 -J U;
Lp "— H -J .A>-lj LA>- jJ ZiU2II JI
} 3,SLJ rj .a,LU L1i aL$ ) 'jIJ ULI
)1 'b jJJI GUi; LJiUJI JAL.ii Lab WoKta
L5t J dl y jlI J.aLJI çJ
, 'JJU .4.PLLI J &U LAJI U iJl
u
L44 iI; cLUI iL,.- iU LlL- J JI
1L°' r'995 }ii Ja3I JLUiI *tA3I 2,piI aj.S JJa.... 14_trJI L.JI rJam U1iIs(22)
sJlat$. a u'J 0 &I 1oULo. 1 JI 1S,M galI
5 9
ç iOji JI 31 j,.aJI ,s:c )j.a.th i j. L 11:73
;j, ,Lk, JCAI ZL- &) :National Loyality
c-UaJSj Jul3 2J3jJ .5; J_:; i.Ci, o LJUaJI L
24 ((caj )03J OJJ J>- 3A
s5 J -i Y "2 Csjj zii JI ;a Al Lezj n
j Cj a
4)_c LtU. J o:LvU UJI JA.Jl .jJ.' 3J.>UàJ LrèA 5 iJI c.LS'2U
Li ,u sai ,asil
Bj, .."2J IJ LS'2I jA6JI 23b. -i; ii ) Mk4 L.
' -U ()i Y C J.aiJl 3S -
- 33S>b pS-LJl 3 l}kJ cL-'l L"2l
.iB LNl ) UWl JL1t J t
iL1 J±2 )j ZcU-L .WNL th
L'il jiaJJI LZ"2, }fl
Ø c-LSU LC'2I jy..i.j cLC a )~4 jtrJl li
3LN1 L ..za 3i5 JU-1
c~c Jl JCJI ) 4&JJPJI o il
£4t L . J JS oi }L a
.391 'r'99° 3j,2JI) bIj3l /j (23)
-103 IM iAWI Jt.I) j)l j LJ! LL5 4... 4j s. (24) (166
jwi 1pSqJI ILn
JIjjjJIj,.JU . 44iLUj L5U
c1 j Lxi L- J ii 1i ) 1_r11i Z jy*J J2J1J) 4J33 LAA.~) 3pU 4jJj c.i
oj Wj c-LJI
31 c.AcWS y ZPjas 3L-2D)s 4i dSjJI JAJ .L'J j.i xi J i J.4S W.. i,47 cAøLS 0JA
)- H- Li ii ac AeL.tI L..,e3 c.1I LJ' 4.dl
- çZll cA.LJI . .iti p~ta 3LJU Ll -Ei -jU
Zcaa ri jyJI 3LJ')U .ç yi 3Zj
DIA 4)jj y) jiIj ZUaiIj ZiJIIj 5LJl L,Jt5 PLCJl pLb
PJv jOJL*J Ac-LC øi 3i ZJJI j,,a J L4 JJ.J AJJIJJI 1>iJ3 c.LIj 21J% eLI p.a )JLCJL5
PL—Y
csi 0JJ J L c7
j; r'- -i J zkJ
L, i 4U)l 5LtJ, L3fl .-4 j) up
H A :JijJrI Jw JU2 Ja2 i
U. 3J5Z 3 jj aiL J3 a..uJ1 - ,, -1, 5L'
:yo fJi3 hSUl ,4l ,u U-1
r1985 /h1
.4ba aa faJ 40SJ1 .LL jgsJI461JI.aI L
(26)
A)L4A-UJi LL.JW- 31i JThi U5U,
LU c c i LiJi Uk, }
ii LSl LM 3 JM ,SZ.c LA3 4>.).US ) clw c1jU
x J Ls-'P L'dI c.,UJSj J3)i1
LCW JPI UjJ , tLS
.Wi -L4Si cLtc jLc jJI 4Lth 45joj Zs 3.
L t4-1 çt ULaiJI b-j eL.S! caL i Lai c.±C .A2J
L'JI afl c :J,a
L5U3 U3 >,
w j yCj .Ai j LcIP cAt>AJl
O 3 } jt,aJt ç.ta ZiI>JI 4~LiU oij jLi. 3jl (27)((-
HY H c ? Li 'QijU UA
:s'i'itM! Qpja -3-1-7
4s L5
14 tg 012 O 1 ctJl jAi
1
j f 3K4
e Cjja b j)a)I JjZL4 ) 4 53 (26)
359 3L. e- 3)aiI J}A) j.a. J (27)
pJ flSgJI .L. L j JIgaaSgJI aIL
3U LJK.d jk 15 Ljj
• ) J L }-Ufl
). L}- 7JIdentity * c ,JJSZiU y
JS 3'i iJj j4Aa Gottlob Freg (dL} h3~)
4r0 ±Bt; .p -a '4'- r-'-4- &i4itS.. 4.!.) I'II J
f4
ztuii zat /R L;JA5 £Ji3
LSJ LS JI UJI AS dc c .JUJI flC ZU, •(30) John Austin (3L
3 aJI 4i U ).p J J.t Ua,a.~ l•: LJi US c..à} JJJB
Aj (JiJ•431 c50N L5 L
(31)
Identity - identité •b'J ;LU j ZJS U
3I3t.z'iI ,i 4. g aU2. A-
. 4L4-
jr Z..,k. : LJI ()JS JSJD LtAI cai
(28) P.MALRIEU,<<Genèse des conduites didentité, in P.Tap dir., Identite individuelle et personnalisation ,Privat,Toulouse, 1980; Identite: des notions au concept>>, in La Pen-see no. 226, 1982.
(29) J. C. GOMES DA SlLVA,Nous-mèmes, nous autres,in L'Homme ,vol.XXIII, 1983.
(30) J. AUSTIN, <<Truth, in Philosophical Papers , Londres, 1961
.821 Cjja ZaJ2i1 .UI c3jSfl j.t,41 t ifl Zr,iI btj p.s (31)
aJI á*sLsU.6 I.L..4LfjgJI9. L,II,1.aJI
çgL~; L ,k ZU, uii, CUa,.0
)sk ss jJ Lb- j,..0 Jab
31 S-LUI 3cLthl ,. iU .t.p y j J JL Z,oL-
31 L Li 3 .j~iI .Q-, yiJl, ;Lth ZNL 5iJi.
yL. jaJ jE LfJ L1~i L.iJl J1S y (32)
aUi (L,Jl) Pierre Tap (LA )
iJ U (3,f} 3-) .._i LLLUI J- SUJI
JLi öi. ;.PL; çfti
U öy$3 jy_t 4&,4Jl. 4 4SbA 4s* c'b &4ij *JIl
(34) k
sathil ç,e L)1j~ 3AU LU11 ebtJ L53
LJ 3~ 3 4JUU2U .iJ .JI zAk
U5 3UU6.. 3 3iI Si j N
(32) Alex Mucchielli, L'identité, RUE, Paris. 1993.
.I290 c15c I993 j2.o Z1j J a4Ji :}UL~.,SJ! :J)j...A~JIU. -;
(33) Pierre Tap: socialisation et construction de I'ldentite personnelle ,in Hanna malews-ka- peyre et pierrelap: La socialisation del Venfance a 'adolescence ,RU.E, Paris 1991 (pp.49-75) p.58.
92 LLJ bJI L oL4I yJ ,SAI U,jjI cAi5kaJIj UUiI y) aLp. (34)
(93-84L,a.o) 'r'984 WI
sJI taLs g..a .j.J,iSJI .LflL44J, iaSJ
iac U.~51 dAj L4J d2_. si1 Li4
LAJPi L4i j c.U3l ;i.-,iS i1 5j LSY 2A
4aj.J yL'2 ). i oi 3P Conservation JLit,-'JI LLs
ZUJ c jll jya3 as ,Lc. .L t'Ji cL JAkfl ii-3k UJ
yrj k .(3ThLç jJI LJUU.4iiJ Ui5Ul J5 y Z.0U-S
Ct i j.LZ3L Jra3 j jj L -!j
.ilj4 )s- Lc)k.J A-W cj p1 dUL -j 3j. (36)(ft,,4 3 /i
Z5u Lk 1 k,.€Jlj .L4 ju ;LtJS JU i2JO
L 4Jl LSl JS3 j Z),Ji eU jJ p9 -
4y3 ) b2'j L5 AU3 ,. 3, L,4iU
LAI'y Lci' Li.J13 L,-3J,5 LW i4
ts4 -ii ks3 '-- Jl.e.o J p+i4 i4 .±Jii J5k jj y c çL3i 3 =
ç'-i -rJ 'H JUr.. Y L• u
(35) J. Pieget: les relation entre Affectivites I' intelligue clans le development mental de I'enfant, Paris,c.d.u.,1992,P.1 32.
.54g(66-5I,ao) r1997Jjl Z..J! jAJIj piI I2J ,at±i! U (36)
J £LUL a&2JI aSJI aa,.giI Saa
3.A I5 3j LL kA ,1s- J'JJk. eL
P 6a J 2J cAc-L.,-j
J2 zcp )j J,, J~- 3.4 4zU ceLI ØA
3:2 31 LiJ4JU .ZASU LJ3iI ;C-L4..I
5 * U Zs)iI cAeLzf JI3i 3 aiL J Ly. LcoL-TcU.0
J5ki- >. dJJ LJI AJ2LJ1
S-L3 . 37 6JJ cj 4.' 34iI 4.jj JI tiLxJ
J31 L A 3J~ 31 LU ,~.r - Lz3
LIA ~3, 38 JA 3aJ-'Jl rftL.#3 .c jjy.è UI3
-i L 31 ~-<c jI Lbl}.ciJ
szn J,ifl ji
çttk} C 1 j:t Zc#r:tA L5LP Zt::2Jl pe
Jil~di i)-i H Jp Z_.4 L-
-JI 1yJ iI ) ZJi s4I aJI :I} th '- (37) i! aot4I ZJJI ZAWLUI jLf! a.Mj JW'i! 3jiJiM ç.Li Z,AI
.534j.o (7i_I9 ,a..o)r1989 LJI • _:_J1
j sli ZLI Ji I;- , jiI :}Uii Lth a.j (38)
'r198' f L. 24-21
yW ol}1 3u ae 3L~ 4Lj4 1 - z2JU f U)iI 4UJJU .Li2ii3 aiI3
i1ij IL C4 35L jJJl ci331 .JIyCM'lj
Jl aL 46 a.s Lia
pe Cr4 p+i. -½i çrr yL-j
zLil3 SU.à13 Cr4 LC
çLP r-'- jLz-1 C53 Tribu
xLai3l ) L.J,JS ,t-lS ;a-3 Liil LSl , ii
&J:J £k ZI)J, H .OLo LAØ.L2S4 Lj --kt' i
Z63 J.C, Z~,tt.iI 3LJI tL.e, tS, a4l ibta.'JI,
Jstz Z& J ;lfl u Jut, 40 ((U$.U3
±3jLa La i LtA 2jU ac J
LSPL:I jsj~ 4 .ius j k-)W t;
eLNl J* j 4ij.11 AJU.th3 LJb1.Ri Ll)Jl xJI .kt 3
LJS cLL4U MLI t-fl ;u- ,LiJS
H c5¼ J2s
j4-t 1PL*4 U~ L/il JJ zL.is -69
\AI)J Z1r JI LJi J5tNl
tni 3t51 tt.4i, pLa.ii ,SJl ; J ) Laik3
LSf JSLaJI e ;ii LJJL >. ) U, 0Ui
Ui)) c~_J3j CJ~L5 1 4 JJI U3.th > Ly> aLiJI
(39) A.PRISO,Tribalisme et problême national en Afrique noire:le cas du Kamerun. Contri-button a 'etude de la question des nationalités et du probléme regionaltHarmattan, Paris, 1989.
.82,o ç2000 ,.JLi.j3I CdLwIj jSy 4yiI 3 )JiI J.J.a j.,.aI$ / .Lol (40)
.2007/3 /18 .b.I .A}JI ;i.. Jj'I c.jLISJI L,t;.L (41)
uwJ .&i .L. 1IL a,aJI
i zlaU ath - 4EA
2JL4-I U LiiA ($
ZLi 3' i,ej Jc
LiLJl LiA A' r2008 &}-l) ((A.AJ Zd 7iciJ3 "I-1l r-'-- tG SAC
0J 4yJI Ji u-4i Sy rJ '&t- JJJJI
i
z*JI 04i tA L3l 33-<J USi
Ui L5 :At*j:fl JLtj u1i
3CZ L &t4 wis Cf fr çj.Aa f
3 j aJl cJjj )kLc'j s4, 3k -
3c€ ZJ4fl J LcLt 5~2 J ijJii jS- jj J (5AIJJ
5
;i 3$ U Lfls Aj 4La1S ) JJ'JI OLS~I zla ,JJS Jaj
.cUiS >- ç &iSJ A-j3 ; jS Z-jje )
&J *j Uya c:-4-'-
¶
4PL L5~J j 3k jiaa
-t
I
1 % a pJ iS4JI I4SgJI jaJI
LJS3 ZUit3 4L.dS çJU jJ LJS SJ.&
ç Cwte- A L)i 3 ?i zl=i31
c 4J;j 4zfl as 4, iiidl cWU EL>-
y Li ZLa Laig U J
J-L 'tt'ci) 3B2u '*,i c
±.a iiu aii
311 JI 3 3 &L4SI j ZU
çt-fJ&J Z1ail 4 7Ma: - 4ZI1fl Z,aJl 33 -UI U UA
L51P JJJ jSfJ .JM L5 Z1J LJS L' LS '
ZLiJI U L- c,UJ .aJl3 ZLi)I k3l }.Jt ZP)i
L)i 4J4JI PjJ U ,~ L44 i jLalj Li
au )U.4 J _JI 33.c - z3I uutJl U1l
-L ) ta1k. a L. uL.4ii4 jt
L,.- 3~iJ1i .}U*i y tJS 3u UJS, ZLiJI 1pj
4 -& •Ls 3~5 - 1 U k,-j Li..-
JU 3jJjL$1ZLiJ
1 - - )fWIj r0 L- C) LUJI 31 .J S'! tj3
LLiJI ,~J, .a.fJJ c&.Lia ) 33..W- y1 L~ Jl3
CJ.US IY } Zd)LtaJJ
&r41 JSi JJtlJ SJI )a4, 1 S'J
4.Si..dt3I aJUaJlj çLaii
a.sJIaLa ,-as—g 0aJ gJ' LUt *1. a&&RqAJ1 4_i
-5-1-7
ajLJJ .J.>t. lit Lc. r-'k L-I Secte religicuse kJ
j),j Ly ai. 3rjLc a L--)) Li Li i,oU
y J. xJU J,.Wl jcs ZU J-
JL,- LU 5L iiU .LsiI -
Sectarisme U5WJIj secte ZWJ 4' LA,-9
3UjUa 3U j.i4
ZL~.,21j ZaslRi ribalisme. (411LU I j Tribu ZLiJ
ZpLI L2Ujj IJ çpjj L-' js L-I Zi,S
J'- 2 , L2UaiI L .iiJ- JJ UL
L4~ .Z2U23 .2j, ,n'flj J.0 J* } jj p p c.ii"J ti3 jiU1il)):4JL U
(441
&_i }3l )! U J53 L4S
&aUaiI 3e t~>JI .jJ- '-'rp 1 y Uiy I3Jl
akW ',J 31z ,cLUto } 4,a 13LJ'I
.244 'r'970 i$ L.SA '41t U (42)
, (4) L.H.MORGAN, La Société archaIque (Ancient Society, 1877), trad. H.Jaoviche, An-
I thropos,Paris,1971.
1 ij (44)
I SM £siLs -a an..a.jiai pSJI UL.j.s.JI
14;1 .45((iaU2.4 3A JSW i
L ;uni zuii H.c j&- Li JW y&
#i 3u t4i D1 4LUJI 14ft, ZLiJ 3b L1&,
3,L3 U .JsLai$ i ,s2,
'! Wo , UI; U3 JI ST LdJI 4C pCjRJ OJ>a 412J1j çJ APLJ-I j J4U L.iI y
& Uis Jcj Ll,ii JI Jc La U jii
U jUj yti C4j LJ 3L\.-3 J Z. JkII .A'd3JI
L 3 - L4- j3jJI PJ j zaui3 as i
I W 3U - iQi LJ ;-LL ZSjU
cL,-I iL.Jz Jji L,- 4Ji-I
LPL,-Ni ZJJII c$th
uS .'3I IAj . f iI A>JJJI oJjxU Lf;~i.ljj IA.)F
56 yø 'r1999 Cijfi j aJ jt2JI )SJi! aI}1 U.j;I) :U,M)l u) .ub- (45)
(46) P. MERCIER "Remarques sur la signification du tribalisme actuel en Afrique noire" in Cah. internat. Sociol., vol. XXXI, 1961;Minorites, Ethnicité, Mouvements nationali-taires", in Plurieldébat,no 32-33, 1982-1983; "Minorités ethniques, nationaIismes in Arithropologie et Sociétés (Québec), vol. 11 et In, 1978.
&I) J.Zth r-11 JIt2 L-U-! j L1-Lth J..JI p:j4I ~I L-I & (in)
(124-110 ja.o) (29-26 ja-) 'r'997 cAI
zj.6JIsAs .46 a g.&a .paJ
L JJI aJW LaJI y AajlS ;J L— J<L dl J6 ) 2thJ JS3
LrIS
idL J3i L~ JUl W ) ,4l, JJ y
)i i'd izt 4,>
jy.tJ 3LUJ rt11
jsl &A 4ASU2j
kt4 •k,i ,k, L~1 . LL)Ui4; )• cU i L5
iL= / JU JhaJlJUll 7° )J1U Lc 5Ua)I jJ
,CI j1k3 ./2i L4Jk3I ji /ii Zj.1y ) 3j5j U2JS
/ii J3IkJl £Z LSJJl )-I ;fi . i;U2is
.yD-jiL t~zi l,k- UWJI .UWj JI
IL- Uil J'Y Uthfl - 4k"Jl J..Jl >J
rArM La-J Syi .Ay-"JL.L.JI
tJS ..tUII kb L5 JLii .S U ;L j,
-i .0 LSJI ail & JL.IJ :J.'.a ki )
c9y1 O)L*JJ .&Sa U.]"'Al .L',JS &LAS jiyiaT cA
ZLi-IaA aU L,)LLcn y ; L79u; i?
U
.690 jL )')I j ilJi4l a*l .a..s Th-U. (48)
aJgaJIaa.41+41a.as..&t
H1 4Jl SW ZLa 9UJJ kPLl k4
31 J5AJ1 ,CC LL.JI it iWLl
1Jl ktL4
JUl LJ-t&.J LPJ &Lai -L51 '__s ti LLJI
.aL;3 c.AMj.63 ç,L
WiLwail '' 'JIhjMIj! -2-7
Wj LLAil j Lt LS JI LLI J Lth cLJl o,-1
at j_ j 2i-Ldl l ,; &UI L.x~d
) -UJ
L%*1 +ij ZJo)II zjUj.5A J6e1 tc- J aU cWo j
ZW- w. U 1Jt~ L -JU.-I JIJSJ JPU jail J LatJIj U3WJIj Wil JJ1S U -UJI '
J ç 4Jl MJslj LiiS )Lil )Jl
i iy Jl oit U JJth JaiJl 34 .L 3 -3
). aiu .A'-ljJ 3J1
p -1bil cacilj il Z J JIJ J3..dI dLSZiJ )U2Jl3 ,L2JS
JUfl/JL, L*JI JU ) (L41,) aii -Jdl
SfltaL 4jJ a-a paJ ii d.aUL aSJl asJI
aM. - 1-2- 7
C LJ }t.jL: 3LJ cti.>3lj au-i 3j U AiL js ;tdi .ak1i } JJI Zjt J3U JiA, i .lt LU-1 çr-J L.JJtZ3l Lt4-
1 .4.Ji ai zjU zJJ, UiJt, Cas, uUth pit
Mj i44 j LU-i J51 iS S ,b L Ukil L
?t
353s ±iw-I z4U Ua4, Aii i&4-i
zJ;
35 Jai
a.Ln iii jLUj 43Ld.JI iJ 2LSI ZLflhi },ll t ic4 349 cJ>c) AEk0 y ZJij ZilJ C..iI y.L-ij y tli ZJ4
,i LU y3 ZLU ic J 31411 oUaa.4
J.J$ kiI tu) - J.az ôU ZLIJ 3.1tAi J~. Jm14
UL ,a1 cLy Uaj ,JLJi jp
La.zr'Ji üii cÀo cSi,
U 3 3uJ LrL) La. zJai
Li i; J La UJ ZJQJJ ,~J3
JE Lkfl LJ t3t LUJ aUUJ c_jj - UUil, LJ A3I JJ.L
L)L<4
;La>W ZJLJI Wfl J - -
JSJWLIS i, uisil 5UA, t4J3
3LkL)l,J3tJoçi.b-y lL 'iHi 3 ç.iyj
Lf.Jj .LiI L}J ;,LaJ-1 ,th J; JJ
uii auI ;
4.JUJ jS Cr4 0JJ0 L~ )
rLui 3àfl - — 5i Lpà.Lzfl .LW..
.JriJJL.e Z4jtJ
L5' J LLJI j>- j 3LdU
j l &4 LAJi 5b- çJ JL
5k~iI3 UJ-S -L.,a P aJI L
) - Jj;
-
50tis JPdI ,U2 j tL j) Li 3i b~3 Lii1L Ja Li
é-' -4' c+- Z5UJI ) j4j jj (51) -i
U i UJI uiiW U kil H' (..ki1 3JIj LiJl,
.I993 '-ky' 74 A)P ~AJI LC hJb-ç1 r h.df 4L. (50)
64,o ju1c i~iJI h1-i ftJ)i ) (51)
.JlaaLs4L j-aa—a j.aJ LUL jaI aJIaJLLsiJ
t,A LJj
2_. a3i4 s3j
'J (cu J4&JI H' cAf, JJL 'IL 3Lc'S &
.zii ;,Lai H
Juz th33W.:' 4JW
e4 LrL4 ' - H .1Jl )) : 4LJJ>4, 4LU- ZI5WI
-€Jj 7 j;, Z)JI L,a..wJ j 2JU-.iJl pi S;3 2JJJl 41jS
,sZç "I zi yij AU-i3 LU-I3 ,aJIj ZUil3
) JLt • ij (UMi-!j 4 7aWJI zi3j31 Ci
)L5,d (J,,th
J53 zl3 is :y4
J.at531 .)M1
LSL€ j U ZJ 3JI ji UUJI isj4iI ii--'- 1 Jr 3Kç LiI
HM j UI 34 JJJI 0iJ UUth L.JI L,
ZIWI) Z. JJ Ø JJ UU 1 Lii U
4 4)LJI .iuU ui .us 'i
JJlj ZAst.LU JJI H ZJW e J diJI
31 JU-I , , W .k,aJI jk'3JI . ij
4?4tlaZ L4jA4g Ltj
zs:t jI L3Iyl gd*J 4i 3JI 4$JI L'I 4 AJti LQLJ)Uj Iij ZS3iiI
.14 o ç1978 3XJ q)I r.$ZJI .L (52)
.14 l97$ JJth frSii jJI :,C$i r Jl 4th .Lp (53)
SJläzaL a i Luiu,sJi ..Ji S
54 j~j jLs j jJ-1 AjLO jj jy j ZiU3Jij
j ,:-JI3 I L LW L UojJt cLi LS'
Jc za JLa- U&;j iA Ia JiJI Cr jLatLj
L- ZLaICz4 L1.s 4.>-iy ..dI J' }.Ut jJ.iI
W iJ JI iJI i1id iUtJl U-<jS LaiLdl L5 J
}J.3 t ;ti 3cUo Uj; J
'I U-LaiI oi Z1k1I L~,+,i Dc4ic
U-LalI 3& JSZLS 3 Lyz)l 2J5U,J öU
•c4J y-J Aii a
____
t.. 1t - 2-2-7
* -I,
9.1) 4,5lip
i Ui3 izlw J"I)l J.'-Iy y U.i z1-L
LL~ LkJ b3lI L.JUU.fl cUa ,th JI ZJL
kJ0311 .F1j r 'Yi LJS cA,i1 U3
JP.&IJ o.XJ.- LsZ. iLx,- JysO 4lyJI JU
e
Lail) L.1j3 :L1LJI L,.J1 asi W-Ip.4d! X4I za1, £J )e(54)
(179-129 uao) 'r2002 LSfr 65 tp > jJ.a yjJI 1I jj~)i iS
a aaia &I Aai
TI.
L> 4U,3J )? C4 c,K ti (kr Ji) Ji
Ht 3,. 314J1 oJ.J JI j c3
U cJ - 1A.b- cy - lyJS .ÜjAJ JI LLài
AJ ziei iu,s U -LUI AtJI
kr-'31 LsJk.ail L cL-L 1yJi ciL LU 014i Ui, ZJ,il
.t j Uty LSZi LL L5 ij
ct-i - jS*3ij 3bi, 3b,.J3 31JiAii 3lSU j t U Uk,
c j oJ y aZ a Ly.asiU Z2U2fl cLil c-ij
±J~kJ ZIWI cL34 ,2 -j afl iJWj -!yiU .Uii LA
.55çtJW Lf Lit n Wy y dAiS3 LJiS
ZJl c.Ji Af Jt L)J u° j (yjL ,j
LfrJ- $C]i U LSJ - j3 JJ - .f4I) 4S
404
3ja iJl JU2U ZJ U Lflii 3J
557 SsJ iUiI ,e ;) Lo èJ4I iyJl ) ja' Aaj41 U6j ). (55)
3-1062 ...ik. (55-35 cc2010 ,I,i / ,6L. -48 JI
a
U i, 56 r7 a3l cULJS c.a'jj csj~iJS ç~Y
J' aii 31 y '- LSYU-S JJ
4Jj)5kJ j zA3i, kJ eJL UI k)
PCJ LV 4JJU
;J j Jjl J A -&1 jc Cr4 k,&l
cL4Ij cilC±W UI jJ j Ly r Cr2 il, idI &L iL,e fl .
)s i Lii ki .WiJ ojjJ Lth
J3)) I 58 u iii acJj tcWiij ZLAJi 4LILL 4, Jo3Ji Zfl
31 i aCJlj ZAs ZLJJ L)J cLSl )i U4j c.ftj
CYD jr"- ) 1yJ, j59\),3jj kt 4'1 '.--'-
LiYi jS}j JS NI jkai cUT 3LJJS
L&JI ;,1 J5ks iki c.IJJl LiJl jk. U3ki3
(6O)(u.tJl JjJJlj L.Jy..W JUJi 5LIj Lajk1Sj
L53 zki; AWJ a~Jc RA-i L3TaE 1yJU
Lk-
r200° L23 JiijJi a142I ,L.oI9 .UtJI ti J1yi > .La4 ;W(56)
.lZg (18 5- aa) ç'998 j,i 6 .AAJ /. A-j)t1 .Lp J1 jt-I .At .x..,1.. (57)
.I3jI2,.o jLJI t'-1 1.-j)l jyU4 AP .i... (ss)
:,U ItL t4-IJtJw (59)
I47 ).O i997 .ija LaJ U.jJI Sy a4lj U..S31 -
'r1998 ....A_fr 58 s.Jl jytLk. a,41I cLhI j cfi j jKj :a,.JI ui) 431 s. (6o) .23 _,.o (25-I9
a2.L~ .4i as.a ,sJ4.gJI 1aSJIaAJI SaaJ
r cri çr' ZW. U L U~Aj)) 3 -UaJj taU
y 4') J1 ,fl jj Ufl UUfl
L l3e: fkJ ABUJ J5 J dtltsj ) 4J 4
L5 dl CJJiI
— L.LJ EU-i ) ),acQi JQJI 31)) :li UI tr
Z4Uafli ZcUI )
- zw
j lsL. LaJ Ut.i, L;U.J13 JJRJIJ
i4-i LCfl ~Et Jj_, aa4U LJL_MJU L5S Ll
awi u5Wi clL iKA
? 9 jj ,4 JSCIJ ij.>va i c2USj c/J J..A~ , jikil çT)S
3• L3
Lb ZL,J b3i k- £~ j..c jLaLj
JS-Ni ij 'J j o Ji jLi öU Z1.JS 3b LJ JI
) cAj1aJ'2 U '3Aj 3 Ji )I J
63 (r_k>15Jl ö1Z
r.r (1) A.JI /32 1 .Allth tV.L I.LLI ae to- (61)
.27 ,,a 2003
(I83-164_,...) ç2002 19 _JI a,,ok4 L5t.! LL4 ,aa. rJ!s 1 dii j.s (62)
,f1999 I _4d1 28 r'1' iyJI a j JtI .LJ1 £ 5 7a :,. 5U (63) .60 ,.o (61-56 o o)
pJ oJI .L Uj.Jls6JI LaJI aLan
410 - 3-2-7
SA krJ ) W LJttJI
;J>IS & 7 fl
Jjs&) UUJI 3aJ-I 3 Iyii c..sUaS ii .Jl WLl
jas :ca4_&lj ;)2 \j yb à 3 c1,4Jl iLtj) ZLyJ ib
- .Z'-LJS 314J13
cij dii 3y*.4j JCS J cjUail
ktfl }~'l U-t J SJJI U.s.
ii 'r ZA.I~ cJJi ZiJ J~ffl AUS u _a 3 C.s.lssi j ljSl J
3j.) UW1 je4
4.JS kU*llj UflIa.0 iLkJII ;,)A O)jy~fll u_4 3CJ LPy.Oy LU) il3 A jt;-fl JalI ;,k,
aAcJiLl UU3i 1.iS 31 J,L 31Cc
I 3Kc e,àI)l u _aj cLll j 2Js.0 4..a
) aa, &t4) iJll iUfl r 1a jlI ;i3 ui ..A U
Lo
J JLdl 4 )U1 4Iy*Jl }La AçJl ) w, Aa4
ii aii JIS ; zLiu iU
3.4 4..t) LALJ3 iU±3I j ZL..,ail c,UU±3U .3 U3I *.!A) j,~i LJ')I JI ,?X
L? LUij 3L,Ji az_a LI
t3 j •4jUU L5
c)UUib ..Aith Ls1~4 Uy ji L)iI UUJ J5k.-
LJj
3 iJizfl UUth )p 2.US, lyJ Z -y
uuiil .uuifl ji
us,- L 2aii Aaa Lcr LU±fl 1i1L 3,53 U (64) iUo jA 3a 4J$# Sli4 U rt &aLt ,ls-
a'1ttv I'
-4-2- 7
,i~, 'Jj 2ail 45k.~23 4Aa J~la JSj J~
LI L5LT' -4-i •Y', UL2Jt dIJ)43i i; xLat1ij
- j
WJJ 3LAL 31 a.J "J Lcj .Uk.0 J
Jtti iUiI L,-i isU L JiiLtJI ZiUth
oi 3' L>-'S ii (ó5),J cJ3 JU~ ô.AJJS ail
) 4SU &JLC dI )Uth LJS' I li H
...T 282 biI 3 IS a,.....-I4I Z...J2*JS aL..z.1$ ) LCiIj 2JI ZJIL} Zikj ). (64)
(113-96,a...o) 2002 •rk_hI/
U,.i AiU iJs ,a ) UII LM)I Li :aJl ±jjjlI )} AjJI y fr (65)
J - _k.L1 (26-25) 3b.&....JI c4,S4I .2j
(216-187 ,aa) ç2oO9
a LL6,1ULaJI JRgAJI L.aJ
( ii J,W LR.Jl 3 IA JJ 42AJI
i iI
LI .2 &.o'l LiI iuti raj,a: isb
Le
Cr4 ' y ' j 31-y4lLIA 31 i.A 36!-4I LU &ka
LFL~ 3U:&i 3RL3y
jL*II j c-Lk\'Ij jbj ya. 0,.k4,
r4 3!
y4 LJ 343U.J Ji.4 3! IJi Is,i ',1 9 ç7iiJ)j'JI
Le
Li .jIkiU ..S-'J1 W3
r' S4aj itj ±IjiL Lc-j 5y 31 iaJ oi J!1 Jj 1UW
3) 4j u ,.J1 ?Zi-IjJ UrJI W2JI
3j.a3 bje- Lc0j U1s Jj. 314£) c.SJJl cijil (ó6)c)3
Lj-' '& IjftiS
-fti 4yJI it.a Lt1,ik L1! E J4I
cA UUJI L.J j5 3t J £) Li CJJiI &yJI 0U-I JU!
L ±1L3 J1
L,,.J, A4I 5j4ij Ji-I th2 jja :Uth LJIj .JI A1 (66) .61 o,(91-53 ja.o) qI998 16 .JI c61 3J.a.ft r-'3
46 aa4a oiaJ I L j
Cr4 )LL 7 U;a 35 LSi ) -LJ a),
J Ud2i, cAL j ZiLi 3LJO (3i1,u)
çiJ La JijJ •
._2J J ;Jl L.JaLIJ Ui4 L.aA Si; &I
JLoIj j JIj L-' zJI Ji
t.&ij$j 1k9 35 c>W oiJ UJ Wii ) jiI A3I :>.. U&ii
c,L a LSU J2LU ikJl Z~U } ai1lj
cA 3 }Si jj cjail JLn) &L LSJJS (3}fU) )j
JI z.L.W 'U LJs J,.0 jJt y.èbtU 3IJJI j 44L>tJ Jfl
),s JJ '&J 4-Ul LMi )i:
43LL6s, yioj L5jjl c-Jj JIj A.B3 "J1
L}JS JLQI H uuadJ J &4 Cr9 ' Jul -
L; L-i i L JJS cJ3J1 j Li iLth DL,- LL
.JU3CJU .LIth j,. L4 'i1 Z1c L,i cAt .tUWLi
i J LtJ i jiz JsU z&.0 Jjz
Li), Cr°i iL yo J W 4. ~ ' A--ILI
Lie j
H J41 Jjj o- UI jU
I H
I
IaI uiJI L.4 LJIs ibJI all LaJ
rU t }J iU Ni iU
i y i Lii cUfl JUi JU
so WLWI-I AULMI S -5-2-7
3 > ) JUJI ç1S' &&Uit ciW3 cJ..s. i j
U c.>-U ç;tjbil L, L.Ji'i, kU3j UUJi
.4ot.Ij sUki Lp5tcL 1yJ cSLI i .)a.l
LL,Jl
JJ.t LJj P Ji j .L-NI UJI
J 3t~ bj3 ly.àt.- 3~ J cracij L,i3U2JI UJ- 31
U2-i JUJI J sU2Ji UU2JI Jk L.L Cr9 Aj JUij - i iJl JUJ
L&y*il J*- JaSp L} Up a..sjj 5 "iS J JL4I ±11s
tu_l 314, .aJ5j ii 31JUI oi j L.FAWJI J~AJl yj 3L.JLkii3
4JUJI oj_ 31 Ui
ZJ,Ji &k-j rAMJ cLcfl )aZ Jjti fl
.311L1 L1)S cULS3J $l
-164a) 'r2002 19 daiI oja iL4 c.L..1I 4J J, (67)
.176,o (I83
AtJI a.As 46 aa a* qt.bgM £L9L J JI ii aaJI LJ
L,-*J 1'Ui ii j iJiCj~1, .Zafl oA
j H-t'- JJJ .)yjj 0i& 3$ -xJ
- LS3 J6 4SZjLa J 4>l1t4 aJAsO C
zJth jJI c'L
ii._aj 4, , ,Jl3 3JiJ
68 L,Jl J-91 WU-61 3,C.3 3'l 4jS' .2 4aSJ (i41J j
&- - L4li- z 3 ii UUU L9
3 JSJ JC5 L
c)i, j'il Jt3 J.A Caj ,U23I L&*Jl L,.W .4i1C1 t
LPJ2JIJ -Lb •A-iIl9 LCJ )yJ jj
i 3-.-43 JJ4Ath. r A;1 L'li j-j
.Jul ; 1, 'ii J; L4 j J~jI ..Là
LI L&5kC .
L;9- 4Ll )u J-U Z,-6 4.14 LZJI iz - cUL.0 oi& ii *Ij -Ui C4
Z, Ui3 Ca 4IjP S.U33 J.ca
LjiJ caaIj Jw.th c2ijC U.4I ijaadI Myy&J1 .i (68)
.23 (71-19L,a,o) 4,.0tU 4 jAlI i1.0 QL-UiI LI ilL-I
AC9b
46 a.sa4 paJ 4sS&I L UL 44tJ i.iS4Jl ILjaaJ
Zit JSU i i,.t3 .-i, U ip
çi *Ji LJyJ1 4 r aA-Ij j4l :j J :jJl ZJI Lak3l 3L4i
___ 'Tt L)L' pU
.1 Zz 4*IOU. ZUj H
L* c&W ik-U
uI Ni ilj ;UL.-
Lb-j ;ju; A'AZY.LS UWJl LiI Ur*J PLJ.-I oigb
.k-I l'j 1w Thu .i3SNS r'°
Z 3 4.LCiS .LJ'I3 LJS
AayJlj
4JPJ -
Ji .,aiLth cU*-N 0 JSt'j frLthl .b-jS -,-I3
L)i c L5 Jfri ! & 1 4J,3J1 4j4Jt '-'a at
7
:Jj'JI 4Ay IyJU,.a'- }iu3 )L5kA p
L4 Lk, 'k,' k,.€Ji A}Jl tUaii, c) 3i
&4JJ•*JI c.AU'l ) ojtW U liAj rU'i 3U2 31 ,5Z€
L 4bJ 5i Jy.J ) jUl çgjj
_IaA~_._t JI.L.1gaaJIS
JJ4JI LJ- k)i LJJI J
4Ij il C
Jaj .S-1 y Jy I 3ya ) LAt
t°t 4aSM c.'U> ç)j JPJU Li 4Jy.C'Ji CAJI çi 01-Jt LL
"J cAJl oit 31 iU .Lcaj 5U lo J5L Ui-I
LJ i.i a,n3 aku La; A2k.fl JS
U i&JI tU ,th 5Ui, al}.€th LLJt U
.4y.0 ZUil LJ~iJI cAk.I J5 &kJL $.bL Lciil
tcaJi 3LJJl L5 L- L)1 AIJa.fl .J)4J Lilt y'f
w.th L)i LP3: ç5 j°i JU-1
}Si a 3 c-.ta 4IyJU fr*9
) cZ5k3 J
(j oy a JCZL-;-1 4j t, r- -i
) ZLoLifl ZLI y
LL,- JLi 3J~J IJ I L+j 3L,Wl 3F
JFj 3Ji j LaJ- aui .-
)i 9j 4JS J 3U3i31 3 t )s cSR- Jl LT (Jy$
-' --'
Pi
L_,a.C3lj & 9sJij Jl3 iSJ
-t I
:1 pJ 6&I .L.UUk tJIg s.n*a
L51P L.51A21 WJ
'J tLRo 4 LT Util
±iiii3 .-i J tQ)S çJ.P LSA 4J &-J .,LsJl JiJ
iUth
3,j LJi , 31 L.diJ JJL
Lc Lii j,c Ja U.
3! €J5'3 cL3ii k4- ~1J .4i Zgtii
Ai 3a2-1 ).Ji } 3yaJ- ) }S 3 'I
cJ Lp 3 j ,aJ-l j cttJ&p kL Lv
}5 oJ-U .J 3a1 L. 3 )J4 JAJJI ti
.l
.J3&>, 3U3131 Ji '' U 3S 3i
L,ft iUi 3i L±iJS JI3 a>iI IJL
) JKJIJ AJJJJ
31D .ç<Ji Zj,aJ-lj ULJI cUL,Jl
L5 3 D) ( J JJ-I Jojt
LLe JJ.I çryjl (?wcLUJI j_ (Cioran) 3I ), J LS
75 .o 'ç1993 )UI J.W J...... LJ( r'1 3WU }yJI (69)
.75 u.o jLJl -,iI k,i! ra,l CjUU (70)
c,- --e uJ *J1 LUsiIia&k&sM4eaJ
311 liz )s
b e 416 ay4.AiIJ 5U49 ;sth ZU2J1 LLL H 4ti Zd4 Lsj 3)L; H' JS 4ap S UI 1J4,
3P L,$jUjaJI
LJl ,a)j 4yJI crA
£ NJ L±BJJ '* L5 Jfr4•4iSJ i,tt;
72 ((&.aJl UJ- j £jU LS t.c cULfl3 cUi oiji JSLAJI
cLujb 3.J liz
13 -)i J 'k UPU.
Lil, k,iU J4>d, ig.I
u .
JL... J iJI &JUJU
ççA a yA.ca dLCa i y .S j yJZJ U
Ji j>t .LOj J J5
JJA, ck~..ifl L3 5LaI i'l uU
Z1L2J1 a } ç çyU-1 Ji 3LJI LU J,
LJRJj 4J3 L; JJl raiS iz 3 ja.aa JJl
.75 jLJI e- (71)
20 (21-9 a,o) ç1998 ...A,.a 2O A.LaJI 5 .JI ZJfl iiI LA.àij ,.5LI ,S31 J (72)
-cS.Q Jt±3I .JI J..JLI JIII .tUt. i..sL :j)W cJ-1 UUth}y- J 115 (I18-4O3 jaa) 'r 200' --fr
ASJI is.aLa .4b a--' uiai &I LUL 1,JIg Jagil gail
.ky r Ku o\ è
t5k;-\ 4-U; è 3k JI
i ciii j ) jAI
;ju &Aj.iA l.i 4-b- J 4US öUlS
A 3Ui, J5k y L1UIS L,0.a-3 Loji3 Lzg L0- JIJI
3 ,-Wl JLy JUi LJ Jkil L--,L
a,.i A}; C.)jk>tA5Ui AKa dUSjs ) AJt
(76)((3l flyl
s,Jtj"' qi'': •,p s9JJ a&t't'l! aIIWiIJ 7-2-7
Lj Zi.,-. L jc JIE Zs.y LS LlI LL. j Z}Ll LL>-'R JI ±3Li cdi k3 J.-Iy a
kzl jJll Lii } L- L)I - L*
.ts IfzPjr:a 3)S a 4, .kLii ;LLI ; J Lit
t4j- L~3L)aJi y't LpL-I ZL0 iJi
1998 5 tJI I8 4JJ1,Lj.IrjI Li1Z)I 5.i1 J ) MJI to.s (14)
.138(I38-I37,aa)
.138.o j.LJI -,iI a,itzth yiI Ji Ssi (75)
.I38 jiLJl -,1I aUth 4..Jl JO $
&tAth Ja;._. L jJI j4p .j.o.. (76)
Wa- stisiji LLL 4 sJ1 iaSgJI
iit J?&ALJ cAj3k.p H N U,b L. LciJ!
cL-J iI ,a , . 77 L 3 .&ii
,3Zfl LN U
i,st Jk.JI jkb LJI oLfl 3t L yJI 4S-L-NI
aLUJ øLto ij Lè' i j ,c.Li.ti cti&s4
U N Ni iI i
zlaJl ,l,1 31 Wi2 3il
ç N j
LNl aLU3 ;L4l LJ- 3 9~ Jl
jsZ ;;L.di pL4-I oi cUai UJ } ZL2JI cL- L'i
-b J-ij Zy j ,aJ' LbM Z,aU.S 3Ly JiMA 3 j-L j
76- LdI 5 L i jJS J 3 J,
) .iUit LcLc-'dl LJt J cL,az i j
jLa- j2 t6j>As r_J Sp- J Lk '-9- 3A' i 1id L~J 3 D ±~ ()
Ls
ç:Jl AJj_1l A4ljJNlj ULLl3 ciLai o
140 a ) UJI2JI Lii (77)
Si L ry yJl ),3I ) $I a41 p,,.aJç4t. y5kZ (78)
.49,o ;L e" )Ji ) La,UJaJJ-I j.kdIj A. 11 jJI s., a.j (79)
'sJ pSgJI L.aL,iJI1 gJI aJI SJ
3",I I ala 3s J4cdIj çbfr;JI ¼A Aj
4.LtJJ LaJ-i Z1JI s-c t JJ uii; z-1.-'i
) M a&JJI JJ SiI J u .41 ) ZJ.)J.&ZJI 14 •&aJIJI ) Ji. LLL, Ls.,4;
cJ4 ), sa, J ) Z i al,tcth
.3saA- l.,aj CI JJI a-,iI ::diLc I,ac..xJI 3l L5 Li.
r t;-i- I,ti z
* 5k..JI cAi%iI Jø :J,i L.- LIJ JI c.U5k. ,Li
i*JIj Z.UaJIj 4ilI3 &tiIj JdI j 4JIJZ3I
45
(Ui, Z}L, UW) aafl LzJ
SW oJ çJ3 - cZP ;;j; :a4,aj 3.P ai
L1J- t ) Ji L4. LL
Lj L, JA ,> ;rcLd
I kta*Ji JjJJ
yLJ 31 tU
i1 43J J3.xil ILiI
j.iI 6IL si.)I js. a1y.uI 3! Uk, .'i 9 fl
12 / II a.JI ZaCaUIp j4lI ') iir (so)
1:
a pSJIJ 4SJI aJISj
z; oi& )UJ; .Ais4 J4Ll La.4-.;
) al J) JJ4 } 4.hIjil
j l Ly JCflj JIj l
L61aL
ZsL-I
,C &a ij
34..tP ksL &LaI tUi ZAL.J'IJ JJL-I L3)I
Cr4 'Ct rJ Z_;uwlJ- & rLl 4J) JLaL JU :j>J i >,J
jIc-LfI d i t' .J g,J >ljJI ) -I i-il 31 k
Cr4 41jJJ$ Z1i Ylft
Ii J I )se 2JI ) ) Z.iW
c..iL Lkci £ UU2i JJ 3 J,ii ,3Zr
L JiJ 3 3Zc ZJ0axiJU Zil c.L.il J
ww i ,1p J, j1 j iJ
) Zi,aJI L;WJ, UWJI JK ciE
} YJ H
/ j AJI j iI Lj j*JI )lxJi a,ix.iJI jii LJI LIJ UiIJ ZhLJI J,t- jjj J (82) •41 '(48-38 L"' 'r'996 86 -85 )I.L.J!
a.OL? .46jai.t pJ uS LL.L4 AI SgJI isAJI
J5LJ •t zLJ W1 L5
-q..LjJI t,i; 31.LUI L'L/ aLpaC a:,2JIq z.suui ji
ZidJ ,1f i3 aLzlJ 3ib
Ucs-
j J ', LLZJI L.;jLW I cJ.53. ..W
U, 3S3 .Jl )I L,i-I ZL- cLi ZayJ jUaAfl y
31 UJJ - — g LJS 'J ji
ZJsLJI A*iI - Z..L2 Jfl JJI 3D) 83((LiJ Lr
L-> ct L5 LyJI JL:±j 3 JLc jj H' 0iJL cii) i kAC4 U& ZLJJI
Li w_gw UU& 3
5-Ul JXOJL ,_J a.,aii c.A*Lzf UWi A,i i 3J
A .L JJ I L1.iI L Lc-plt cA'Jl oi
iLaJ i.0 ii J,2Jl LJK 3ti
),JI 3.Cd ZJi$ 1 .85 toL j 4L,cl Lp
J.L JJ 2I? J dIjJ (86)i)l J; th cM
rJJ LyJ$ JJI )Sy 1jJ j dI JJA a3I 5&Z (83) .81 ,,a 2OOO
,5' So-1 (84) 61 ,a..o)1998 jIT/yjU 93j..JI Z,L-'JI, UWI oU5 J.a. J -$-(ss)
.67,,o,(80
.68 jLJ -,ãI L.L-i, aUI MJI JSa LJJ- .ib- (86)
paJ I1a.UL j.t..JIg IaJIA
- — 8- 2- 7
U9- cUi-I ) Spt. Sjj,aaj 4jy31 >6ji ) .4aJkaJI c.Lse i
) kaii UUaJ k"JJI A1Sa Jb Lc,' '- >L j,
tUS ai L5 JJ & J c5y
cri •Mi JaL Js LftiJ Z2& __
sUil cL,bJI LA ) Lil L
j Z.A JJJJ'I U dQU)yj
4l&CJJI OW AS- L,ik4 y4j Lc LJl P.Adl çP L.su 4S.3 j
.LJl 3LLU L5
j&il U5C'iI 4 -L* LaLJS UAU
f) Jz jya tj~jj 4}LJl 4.AWJS
C>4 L,i3WJ U-i LJ J a MLJI cJUiIj
.3l5jJib
3jJJI * j) C oi Z)JJJ Lt* S -
Z. ,cLij .1l )LaflJ
LL.>toU rtliYi L>4,il oi& LJI kay*J
I Lu0 j
3 Z JL1I 31 Lal
1: •' LLfl it ait.tt4 JL,-1
-t I
al -4aa-a at JlJ ULnsJS&I i,4aiI
cAak4 (L;Wil3 UWil) a..,ai ALJ' 'ir° Ldt. i-I LAtJI
LyJt J.th v cJ~ Sjj .Z-L-"JS Zsj13 ALJ U Z 3 L.4
JS )j U5&p'J J LJL)LU d J4tJ l 41 it, U2J jt.>-J J L1iS! - L1yn
c- Ai UJ4 LsyLi 4S
r3 A J< JJI joi 1'J j Jj.
LJS cL'J ;U-i LLoI L4.11 U
JyJ i'il .k4k,e, cL}' LLalj j.Jl LàJa Z.ta
(S7)((jl L5 3fr,
444J2A Ji L5 ?t
j LLb thiS }iUd3 L..P)I - A ñ6JI 3ji3
L
,uu; zw; z2th31 ti,3i uis t,2ai r'1
Ca'# LAli,4 U..4 L J~I 1JSt L4 L)i JAWJI ii,aiii .s,,,LU
Jj4j LJ'J1I JS 74AJ )LJ aAc, k1Iagth Z,ZJl
LU JUD: 4iL JI yJ~CiU 4 iaj
ç k j L& u UL, ZsL- 3 LaLs ) U ,eW cACJj JS ct'-J J. k
;LJI2t%fl .6J%~
taJJ -k'ijJI J5t. ASI 2j31 31 LLJI Ua LI sel (87)
u r'989 3'y- /jy 35JI yJI jJI ) Lj.U 0JJI C,Ji
JSJfl ...a,- j
&' JWJ Lt13 L,)
-
fl j JtUj yJ I b-SJ yJI )afl
izLJUD: JL SS yill J4 £.c UhU., L i .kj
J iI iaU PLI LJfi jl j ji,s
Uj LoUl l,, yJi 3i.) u -i .As.Ls LtJtS
ci3l ci1pL4 i>- >j Js 4kLJS 1
L ç %.l y jC & J J 4s4J-S
Z
LAUd L-'j ebJ L3b Az5j ii i
je f IJ.1 j Z,iiil U-1
, .JI L.61J.WJ1 .4AJ ti ZUaJI ¶p Z)Lt..JI
a) Jy* Za..àji JSZ LraPJl 3 t-4 SjU
.66 (80-6I uao)
.54.,,o jjU .y JkJI ) jJ di aJi d'- (89)
jiai SJI L4l. e
JKAJ L)U r— çth J5U 1 up :J
ZL>i JJ~ L
JL4313 JtJ 4tF L)1 LF U2J! J)J U -1
•cLi 3luJ1fJizLc2
&J L±Jt.9 A J IA Jay*J r-'&i cjz.>- ,~.f ':J )-I Jl JCJI r Jl 3j. aj ZJlicJil 3p 3.4 4J' Ji
(90)((L> Li Zt aca. ' is
JZ L JjJI )j 4J 4JU pJ ($S3JI lJJ
>CJ, ,6I3adI iJ 4ay t JLA.ii' Z.SJI, L.jfl a-.
ZIUW UUJI Jy4iI 1j ,4Z3! i J~ aLaU .La-1I }tU
LY LC' Y'
H ç.ai; LJ-&U 'r UyaziI jtA'~ft,
L3l L4—.J ;.)La. La -
Lk..J] jii JJ JI
16 SWJI rMPv,J1 JJI j JIr.U! a.) :Jk. .th J ZJMk. (90) I37u,o 'r'998"-J' /Jy1 - 7 L 4_3 31A4.sJ$
4i ajtith y)th J.Ij t~)I J j Z.,JI a.' ,L S,aU c,a1I .44$ (91) r12( Jyi) 3L4- 30-18- ,&UJ .Ls.yj JI) jJijJ..
sJIataL J t1bgM jz41Ig Jl iaJI L4
3W Lii c*~ cLU j J3LJt isL -NI :,L, L;
LI Jk.. zLaA iL 5à% SJLJ ) °
y Zfl LaL LSPL:-'J,
3n2U
Z4wl la., L LpH jw si;
L)i
_-'-i ' )1 JJ Uj JI ZLJl j L:-- jit'Ii 3à
s' Lc L,o LfS4
ljLJt qi .3JiLS,
peij 3i-1 ç o '
Oy *JIj 4fl*ilj Zi3U ç' L l.frJ) ). 3LJ' 3A- ,CJI r ..Lè
) JcUi, £La Zil.W kUJ Z1..W
LSjJl JJJJI ) &.1 4J-S ,T aüath usy)aJI ZyS pi. o
,
_p1 ' c.LS,d oiA Jj
;1;;fl JiiI J1tt1 J.Jj ccjLJS j
)-I Z.JUJI3 LLJI L5 L5,0 L,4aI (92)> } L}-b 1SJI L,a-
.239 1997ij-
.41a 6 l.LULjs.g &&IMJIL
LJ1JW j\J 3c LE- ;LeU bLaA H 4JS U.k £ W.Pj lLs3
L01 ,di LJ UI L5 &aU ZCM&ilZjLJY L.$z)I fiti
Jyj JiJt Jia* c>- ,J-l3 3U2..JI ; uA U,,ap J t4 ji ;J JI I ZiWJ Ul c.'Jj)) 31 Jth"Ji clL.o
7 JI £. L.4 &1J! 4PL,-' JLII Aaj
L_U SU2]I ç$}UaJl J.Jl U&Jl Lc j LUJI i.-i ;,
j 4.Lj rUJl Ii jj1 y )JI L - 1i 5ks'
J93 UJL.JI Usl.kil Z;Lii ZJ J JJ rJ
• ______ jiait,Ia- 1- 9- 2- 7
JU-I jA LS LS 5pLI Jl 1,JI cjL~JI J~L
423 c- Z1iI J U, WL-;
Ji-5k, .94Lk,iI J3uJl J~ J.i U Lj1
i ZLJtJ L4-' aU- HJ S ,U cJIj U ZLJ 3! 3LUl
ø- a<i 31 LU ZJ3 fl 7 j 1i4 314 y L 3
sb3 LJ,- ZL cibJ yJ j>cs 3U cCfl
iJJ.4, 2JjjJl U J~Z 4, Lc)LaJ-lj LJl JJL.ZJi
L4,aJL, >JJ Wi; .UUth3 iLll U3
U LUll 31 L)1 AajW cLl>AJl c4. 4, WLi '1F
.90 __o fI99l L.SI jyJI e1' Z jJJ A.jA. ,aIp r- a,.Jt Uii .i.j.. kLJI ks
L 3-th r31 j,..4 ji (94)
.1983
a.a11 csLs 4 aa u.aJ &JI .LUL az..JI JIa.~aJI
3dUI A'- J U .tthi
3i ,ks aiLs Z, St U2 Ui; ot J,iI JU a
A? .i cc1 ZLb- ;,aJ
(9G)t&)j.)j L? Z1i1>dI
JSI -2-9-2-7
;- ,45JJ Z J.UI ta jj y Js 3$
LsJk,aJI UJJI LIL&J5 JI L.5U ULI- çJ pi. 3 Ui3 .Jp
' a 0 iUl3tSUjLtj ; J J
&aIi L51 LS J. ;: jp aJtW ;.JI p+14 UU, Li (JUl
L±af- LrO? LciP Ly'Jl Jj ç9 OJ J,4A WLJs )
Jt r' LFLP )t:l r'- i-
3i
yuu 4PJ ~Dj u L.JWI
Lb-Iil ZLJI J}LII U 3.jLJS
iiL 3 Ji 14 Wij.l,.BI ) AtJI cALtt LFLP Ji-I J-i
L± U, ZLJ Us L k,L'Jl sAiS
3I.- 4L331 &o .(f 1996) JI)_. 3Lb- (95)
SI )fy L.zJ ciL) j LLJi Zij.iJI jyo 'Lk, .Ja. (96)
l992 L,iI
JIitsLa .6a.a
L} UL~ I.4Lay SJ RJJ 3~ Ai H 34:iUi
Lr L5 cLNIj cLLi
Js Jyai- j4 Sc zLai dA
:I a6I,i - 8
Lt'j Z6.fl j4J 3u i5L3 cii.- Jy- ZJU-S Iz.2j
ç. t LJ 3fl2.0 Lii .W Z.Ui AeLtNS
>; ; JJ JI iLo cijt.z c.LQS L,ai
ccjL a1i ILLZ "J Lc3 UILjUj
LcUa L. cLAA)JJl oi J1 j .LJJ ,- jJ jCJI AJjJi r ii j JL L2>dI J5 Ut1 346-11 i
LLI3LLo L# zLIjJJI 31 Z>-LJI di
La JU ii LJ Zi k,JS eL:;''lj 4JjJJ gUJI 3P I
LNl3 a1 9i ,th cL2i3i cfli
L4dI 2,aii4 ks; l LJ
j L 35 K,) 4,€JJ LA'J JJ
4 ULJ,JI&IaeAJI L4j
4abrJ kJ LPi j)) (ç2011) L.LtJ J'! Js — 1
97 5W g.kJ ai;s
;ij W 30 -<.a
iJ,ii Li i,iJi Li LS Li :HJ LL.i cL-
-Las-1 3~, .U, i-Lc a JSJI t e: 4±US,
a eL4c- y2O7 LI>Ql cLo 4, Lw4 139 Co
crL' -L~Lpl 'kt3 L)i Lv
1'L cS i j} )J-J LbJJS 3o Zk ci4
) WI yoLaSI rkoj Lr41 )i LcJ La-1
.yuytJl Lai LJ-I J LaP C
r '1 L.si jp)) (ç2010) Ls J L2 -2
: 98 uUUJi LJI tL&i z-i,i ai,u
c.5kb yA JW 700 L Z
41 LL,ai cJ3L3 4r2009 /2008 4,iiI rL.J çì
(97)
:L$tJ1 L,Jl cLj -$J1 ai,u Z ) ZcL-1 £t .( j.JIs.. tci L (98)
.(122-5,ao) yj-/y 64.L.JI 17S1I L 3J L d2
U.6 a-a ..JpSgJI ULjJIsa+S9JI £aJI
4SJJI &-1 ct Ij cAkII J9ljaJ )U au H i .A-I ;aJ; kIJ JJ
J Zy ) UUI
:tA L.I..th c-j-j
bi (:?ProU Jj U tZJI -
k,&t. r JS J.0t 3
jic Li jIy La.àj aLJI H - • 4LJI i
SLtsJI jj &i3Iy j ,aij LJI Ji c.&,à ai -
•LJ5kJ Lc..d LJt iI Lc 5 4S W
LcU k4I H 2— LA LraL.4 jJ5 -
Z,AL-I sJLJ 41 LF ,a2 ,th L4U
dojJ Lj4l
.ct4.z, LJ5U2JI JJ cr
(r 2010)} . )s4.cworL.aLuIj_3
thib.c p.J4I flLtI 3JJ a,u
Uib,c J1I ZJJ,JI jji LILI r cUSy .(r2010) ) (279-250 L,ao) .Jl 14 .ikiI (iJLJI jJaiI Z.LL) ,4'gI Z...l.-
JI e.aL AJ1 u aJ JIAs.a1asJI a,aJl
Z, JI cA.L5 41 ç L5sUi j L)i jr" ) -* 5i.P LJJSJJS UJs 3.Sil Ji231 L5.0 .i ;_3i cUi
.Ltil 3. ( jil 4L.S rC.A Lj*tL 3Sit UJaJt UI>.t c,
L .r 2008 I 2007c,1iJJ f Llil aJ ) SL3 0L
-' f LJI y JjJS J ,i .5L'ii -
3.1.11 500 IOIJi C.P j 9# ,:-.&j ,O-Jl & iJJJI
U LU 34 kp 0ij33 .2010
ZdWl Ls-0
U - js4lI Ui2i1 5Ai JIU r ciI3.0 J çfAW t',J; .L U - ?;SiI Ubil L5.0 Z.6141
?,.I; çu2i Lc
ai,ii H Z.4U-S 31 AJi
LP )'JI 4U J L.A>&i cAaU 3i L.4)JJl £4
U i Z5kk ZkL"Ji LJ % 40.9 ZJWJIl J IA7JL
aws LSJII ) 7± % 37.2 k Lath
- ij IJI L,il ) SL'2 L)tS1J
,ati al.p- bl Zlj~di c3 .% 33.5
I 1 I 1•
JWJ pSgJI 4ULjJIgS,fla.aJI
r2007 ,)I L. - 4
r ' :jLALZ
Y J i ' (100)
c.iIJ 5U
UL6j UW 1699 W at
LL-1 i5U, Cjy..a cJ3Lz3 .s2007 r- cL4U.i
Caij ZLy*JI J1 J pJ c.iLi"Jl
L >th .c2Ni alA y UJ ft. 32 y L2JJJI
44i ZJI y4
j Ui di cAW 31 zxJ; -
H ZJl ) LU 4LLI ail 31 5&kiI )T -
ZLi'il c)' cj,.4-I rt Lc-- -
LJ3U2iI (SU 4 JJS
H .L i Z4LI LL ULa,-UJb j) y-j Zi>&Jl cn -
44p- AA-S 31 a
L.4-L ZW giJ CJOIJ.0 H
k 3Jl U ji i > ii
.LJ5Ua çJi UUJi LJL
HPJCJtaLCI J,~)..UIZsJI r1J JtJ¼SU 1 ''-'- r200 (we) - s& 5 S4 2LLS J1 j
JI ssb a iJ
°°'((LLJI 4 'Hlj ZJI L.,d)) r2007
&. jl .L.vaj jtsiI rts. Zslp -5
i3Jl gi L,Jt 3Ut jsj.
Iail jiA j LLJl t.jJI &.ajU $iJl ,.SJl JJJJIJ iJ 3Jt 4aJlj
&435U1 i5U Cy 4MJi 4 J U .ZSil cy Jrol j
I 12L0, JiiI LCJS i3\S .Sj., JI
Z4,Ul ..Aij .ZsL,-"JI JLt.Jl3
c-' jiIj LfJ LLJl ZtI 31 z1>th .&JOiJIlJ JJPJIJ
1 iJ33.JL JJ_3•I L>-', 9tcil_9 L$JU?%J'il (J+A3i Ui LrLJl
Lpy 4JI 3 L5
LLWJ 4.61S c.s>-, sSi j LJ .adi .L ) L...L2, 5U
(2006) -Lo-ll '-1-i ..L LA -6
705 1 Z- c.'US i5U, JpdUI oJ
'r2006 2005 ç.Jl
JAJ Lsi LJ L. '34.Jj
J.U4}3 :Ls L._.L.J4 z4dIj ,thJJ LjJI (ç2OO7) .Lo,.. çb- jLaJI (lot)
J4J piLl oUw ø ) .LC ZSILI .(ç2006) --6I J.LI r'--° (102) 056-258 jaTML 6O i..iI a,ailI Z&4 J,jJl
:JIi 4a- —L% gil JL it Is ggil ag.aJl
.Ll r-
.4R J J2.e JSt _3 &aU- 3
.L5U U >)lj LrLJl
i L- JJ4-IJ ZJJU LJJ LJl c.S- ..J 13 raJ
CJJh. oi&j .(r2006:324 Ji U L51 u4 tJI L.,U
H 31 L th LUL
ZAT £~L j jtM1.-1 SLI jj.) Ja5j S>JS dl ;s :L.jA
&t3j 5Ua3I WUJI
)R ) J.*a r2006 c4i.il Zs.Ij 7
(1O3)((.sI JP 4VSUJ' l k-3LI Jtt d L,,Ii
JJ CJJU ciii &4411 c.iL jJJl
L5 4LL' 4-)i J,45¼ Lc- >Jl F" j j L-'fl L.A>Ql
&JJ JUi Z1-J1I 5J•4 L E -J JI
L,Lp AA
1424 £.a*iI y as3 LL4 451 cJW LJi as- :t
'--- r 005 r ca~JS Jp ) ZSLkJ'I Ldi o LJ IJ.
4.ij4ll J1i iIkJJ r-t'J cYiU e' jlIj c-LN1
Jjj JLp JtJ z1 -U L4 Ji 31 zs,ijs i1 .Li,ii
çS aiJAfl b 4...U2J L4AI
L}&4J 353 U30 3-J..Ii Lp L5 J5k j-tJ
jiI .LCi! ,pL-' (r200 i. 4S)I (103)
_Jl aaLs .4Ja . s-a iaJ te' . L*n2Ie k&I .aJ1 LaaJ
y j5ks- i4 J 3 L .zl;iU ,4-LJl
r SI cW.i Li*Pi r L44,
j iii4,4L Z~aJl LS
LY#I i5
L61 ill i EtAI ö4- LU JtI Z r2007 -J3 aJ -8
:104ftçc J ZL4t -I
z
Z.kIU çt i aiii çttd CJJ~ kico1 4B, JL A- LU ZJU, LiU 711 kL p waSp .zJd jii
tfo r tJaJI çLfij ckL<il
.ialj .zIa€.th çI..JJI A~lj ZiQI U 60 Cr4 ziL .UiaiI sJ H i -w *-,J
-L ,th
j cJtS ioS1I pi Ubil Ji i,- 31 dt
Z.uLl ,p 3U U1- 315 ZJ,JI ;:,4u is ji
4I>L &j .L.4. 3t5 tJkJI xJ a,u H H C? ) cjUfl j 31 çSZ.c Ji
aiu
ZJL z,iZ.A4-I ZSII J CaJ~3I a4 Uk (2OO7) J.ai -JI (104)
aiJIU.6 ILL,IS9JIa4aJI 4_i
k4 uri rID r2006 J)s) rid _sU _9
U j Z JI L 9.11 LLai
Lt'11 J> J LUI3 ;U,l ckiw ca
J &4 .)j J ó_QI ) fll oJ. cjij L5 Li3UI ~iJl La4U
k -€-€- -;LS c-s3 z4i;3 z,ii iu
WAJ .L3J1 3Lt J, (ii z,iJ
JI LiUJ aL
iUI k,€Jt. LYL-) øy 9 ifi,Cy I.ALo j 4 y'J aIJS -
Lpl ojjJ JMj ct*I 4UJ j J~AII ZatkU LciS *'I /z -
aj2llj J JII 4 J JL Jy*2J jà
Ls cjL>5, Li -
Li,; t3 i
CJILASJI 3L4 t1I 4J j.fU )LaU A-LU S -
• )-j sulI3 ;;iwiu JJ-I
L5ks L.jfl cL4S }Lat :.4d ,
iLJIz6.. Za) IjSiLlatJ L,OIL i j 1aaI (2OO6)Iysot. 2 AnJI d .th.4J cU ZJS
-a tflS&I .L.JJUL 5..JI1a IaaJI LaJ
.LJj, k4,0li, J0ii
--4-U H-1i 35SJ ijaJ J1C1 J~J Las) cLS
LUau ;iJ Lf; L,& z)L..a (ç2006) L1.4i ZJth zi4I LsIj. - 10
: 106 U
L45,4 L,th Zs5Ui bJlk 3UJI U ) L4 tLMS>iJI
LJ JL Jy-(2OO6,LJJ 4,UI ZLJi) cA.akJJ LJ31.th thU
31 2ii( oiz .Ai3 .2005 ç.L 3LJ } 3taoL4.-1 ZJLJI s.d L 3
M >, 3C UaiI .so
% 57.8 Ui .LJA L3 k W 3U li ;,s LCu, iW
Ht —LU SL 7 JW LJW 675 z3U1 - JI .)t
ç,- I,kci S zth
JJUIUJ wt 4JI ui&, iJI LSl 31 a % 10.5
31 % 40 LLrl L5 % 45.6
31 3 ' ZiI .}t % 73.3 )1 i
z,UjL 3UJ UWiI .AcjJ! LW) US
LUiJ cU- 5W J. UU >4
'9941 kJ kjI J231 2U L5th 9J.-. (ç2006) ..'UjLs.JJ ZJjJ1 Zt.1I (106)
r2006 yI j.J 15
A.SJ1 itAs 4 aas jnd JIL.aUL44..JI &lsA
}se JUJI Uf$ /)) r2005 °07\p..Ji aL4JI U al,LI
kU r-'~ L9 JU3I )I Z 5kkt"J tJi L4
Jl .Lc,R_il 4U- L.JLLJI iJ U0,U
rii ç yu kil JS, eL1w 3.14 } L.. ,1s J5Uiu i5 jJl Sot.ail Lll.JI C)ly U çt.A Laj c-Ll
Sill 5W 544 cAL 4S J.p L4,..th c4 xj3 .a141 Lc LII :-,Lt j 3U3 J3Ji ..4i ..±IW &4-,
t..ai zJl y XA L4,JJl c-j-3
• )U k?*JI Ij .4JI .lyLo -
.LJU ML -i, } -
LJI gJJ &J4JL L 3 jii jUa.a J1 iIs -
z4Jl :iNi LS ii LJJJI CJLAAZ*U 32 -
•y,jjij
L5 tJl U di J1UI -
&,lk jj-.ilj
LiU~I L4,prJI ..aLtJI U i,U J )UI LC) (r2005) Lo WI (107)
4k.. 4a j&JI LJI Z53.41) h-UI k. Ji41 fiI JJ bU) 7t. JWI UBI JJ .120 JaJ Gd)4!
aJI saLW .aa øJ,øSgJI L a.4Igi,&SpJI a..gaJi LsJ
:(O8) ((a,u r L..U.1fD r2005 jjUyiI -12
4L- 5W JW JU0 700 t c ) L1>J 5i,ai £a j .2005 /2004 L L- j 331iji
is .,ii ii3 H j 3y jj U 3
tz &th .L.4U-i L5W JJ JJI h:)
zJILI 3 cj5UaJ % 40.6 4i :HL.0 ,4, Uo Lc jj 5UaJI .g..&A -
3.iaL ii % 37.23.6,JI S J WJ LS -
j (SiJ5 JULI 3A U.) .3kJ
LJkJ J5U 31 % 64.9 >1si :J5UL ubjJ Ly _5&J
c) Js. LJI JU3~. S4 >JI -t)l
-
,1c J,aJ- 1j % 41.6
54 4- AJl3 La-, Ai zJl
:AAUZY
L ( 2OO5) yJ5U' t' I (108)
(192-113 ,ao) 8 .AaiI
Jj.S,II .L.uVL4 I,aboiI .,AJLLaJ
ZJWI LLJI 3) " •'U (2005) Jg) LW JJI £o,U Z..slj. - 13
W
x$ 5UaaA UIj c.'LU L5°J £o1.S L$J
-
Lz;3 L,ai cJ~z3 LJI, ;U. ULa Lili>A Jp. 5J dI L-)Jil Oi Làl Aij .L5U2 U
Lu L jJl ti j
.te iu Js
ZkUI 31 Lf.,jj-JI LW % 89.2 -
J}.J5U L L)I jJe.tHj ZiL0'JL ACa ri LA:Jl -
I J3ki' 3 LikiI L3 ,aafl
cUJS U?tJ ç 3t2 Lai JQ LJ1l Ji -
tr LS all)) (ç2005) 4iJi J.P LU - 14
L.,yJI ZCLU Li LfliiI Zt JU
L L;bil JLUI 5U 104 kL J AJ øLz
LL.ai .±Jl
-ri Zthth (r2005) jjiLLo,iI (109)
Zja.Ji ~L1! j LWI ZL-1 th Lajja L~U'IiI (r2005) cU 4J1 ii (110)
- fr'JI 12S k.JI Z). 4LsL.z,-'jI oL_.jkI sAli
"9-I .a.aI 4 a--- --JpS1JI L 4gJI..S&Ia4+aJI
LU-lj -Li YIJU 3).,- ,Li4 :ULJ W càs3
ia
.ZJOJU 3)- 3,S>x HLJ5UaJ % 76)si -
.ai,n 'ti H L-'5&kJl % 79.8
ZJJI t,3b ~ Le 5kbJ % 89.8 Je -
s L 9655.3 -
LAJJdJ LJI J LJ iL Lai 5UaJ jj -
rrul 4,LJl
>- UJiI 3 5kk3l . % 90 L5 -
c k5Ua)i % 96 b! -
JI-P '-ri J013U Lk'° LJLJJ ••74 4.AJJJ
*441 N1' Z.i41 Ut'3 (2OO4) çj$ ..Lc - is
LS rJUJ L5
(128-47 L' J-J &33 kp
&'-J CIJU frf 4Ls.
cjL.p L~ 4JI eLs1 ZLUU
j øjy4.Il 4.4 j 5k.k y &..4, Z )s cJJ iLI
) Z41 &th Z>th
zJ,LI 4I A4JI J,,b J1%A -
.ai3n H ;tc.tL; ' Wth4cW -
4$d LJI l jja5jZiijil H ZL L,AU-i -
UL I
H L11t çt—)3 Lac pk -
•L.J5U2JS L$AJ ji')S
kH1• )JftJt LI3 J' JU '-as-a -
LJWL±JJ UIt Ja2 Jca LJAcE S *a cj-j
kr€Jl JoLj Sj3 ); .Sj z
5thJS 3u UUJi
_46 a.a eIS&I J.49 a' &&l .AJI LJ
4- II .'%JUUtJI Z4i! r2004 j t.sI j —16
L3U ÜUfl j JI çiJli Jj>- Zt L1Ji
ZLSd3 LpL-' ZLJSU ;iwM Lifl zii us JI jU J Z,dS ci l3 W £. Li
yA4PjotA .L, J5W C" 4JIJU ; UUJS
:*3) L41 eti
&JUJI 4Ij iI JJ4 44A jya ,A4I ..t*:JIJ 4UI )r,aS -
.L444l ; 3 il LpLa'Jl
,ZAJ-L~Ji J6 j LJ5Ua3 L5jjZ1*41 ç'*
.z:;u±iI zIj U LS ZC;
•=41'' cLlj Zi04I H jj3 fl yl JJI $i -
ii,.; ai -
43' Z.J0i
(LiI L.);,4oUI JI Uth LiI .(s.2004) L. U,iI (112) 47 A.JI us zi4
.4k u" JIVLadI,a..adaJI LniJ
LtiI > Lwo j5 5L Cr°i j.4 - 17
:"13 ZLJ 45Lt1Ij JIjU Jy- LaU- j jaji4l)
(_;j—._9 'r -4 'L r-'— UL~1 o3 CiLA
II oJ. 3W-Li ç--U .4. 4JJU
--
3,.-UI J_o ti' 5}L1l : L44, )j.>cA 4J*t &JJ
H- -Jl rAlc : L)
LJUJI LJ I.I )i iLbi rLcJl J 3L5 Js jLa>ci 3t
L,Lth rt
jA r5kc.NI L L., c±-I US JUaJ
L5WJ LS LC) cr 3ti LtJJ LLJ fl U
),U cNL jy2J 3 ci US
cAJJI Ca 1) LJ'1
j 4LJjj L-'I .LC j (2Oo3) Jse Ld!j. — 18
j . (1003) 3Uj Ui! cLi Z Jc L1>dI alA
j çy JJ 3! LA J .o4t Z3 >o )Lt yj •c'2003 r ' LiJl Cj IA, ZiU2lt aj ZLJS :ljii L
SLW J L.AJ-I yjI$! J 4tJ,.. ' ( r°° LJ 4j L49(113) •;,u.H jU-i .LiI byW ~)I Zr4JI
S J.4a)La4 :al4ICI t1 )LJj ,pL-Ii LCJI j.j (r2003) .t.4 ) (114)
29 JI ios.JI JJPitfi*) bLI cL4p st2Ij Z,L,-I .jIøLjI Jut-
utd y,ULj.JIJIl.La
4L- siw uU L5ki LL>-3 J }~ LA 3
JLaU }$t $10- cA1 .U, y Jl j ZJLS
L~ u3 •cjt531 Ly4aJ :)u3; c.-LiI
Z4Jl ...4 JJ Z!.J4 )otkaD(r2OO1) J.Aa A.ac - 19
J
ZJ~D lyJ1 )oa JJkJI Z j.Qi øaA cJjL
AAJ..th -y jj.)j tz.4Ji Ut.ath L,JS pi3l
:ah
Z2 4 j1L J! JU~CjJ ckJI 4J LJ~A )S 1JI pj2 -
ZQ~ fIjj k,ayJl 42J -
LiJ UJl3 U1il IU SJi LSfl cPY -
#1
4y*Jl j L}S ;y, ;s3 L L.Al -
ccttJI 3UU iJl -il Z1,fl J. k- LW LE I; ,
.5LYl
J I jpj JJ IU±iI JJ JI 4i jiI ZjaJI (r2001) h. r.1 (us) 22 Ja3I '7
ASharLs,)Jb a- J ,S1J1 A VLjgsJflSJI sLLna
)se L,4, k,JZa) :çcJ J3)) (r2001)Z )s La.4 L1.) —20
•116 ui
J O•U LcJJ*Jl cH1 L LSS,Z I &.) oL C2j j -
e} SjI ZPL-'Jl ZLaS!l J.>Jt jUj) AJS oJ
JaaT 4J5kJ y k.A-Ul .}Ai13 }Jl3 Zaj
uaatL 4*JI LJL.0 ,Ji jIIJ LSJ &.41)JJ
crsfu4jA,11 çj$J CL I ) ZJJJt 3J L.Iii L#1JS
;ro.*1i 4*JI H *33 LJUJ LJU
JJPJi t1I j 4J4I &) LUI JU 5;b3s J
pL4-'I cAeLNI W ZLL..0 j j1k 1I
li &,} -LJ ,.s3 U3U2i13 th, L..LJl3
j - t) alj.- ZJj JijU1 zjU ;•L. R
L.JS i JsJ r
k*3 4,O y.S ç thj -Ui jJ & ki s j..dS oi
Lab JAJ~J
U \±- U : &J ZiL -UI
31 L4-,I-i Li iE- 3! LU ! ij ajiJ SLI
i cI1 ?)J
tJ 1 oA y'J ki ialydI JJ
Si
:jL. iS _aI.4I j ).. ta)Ij LJ4)I z.i .Ai46)I .xn. (116)
cA.JiLIj .jJIj JJ jsiji
% 53 iT % 45
) Li JAJt Z J Jt LJl % 75
.;JJhJI Z, % 65 3 z- si
% 78Jp tj 2• Ui C.,a.3 % 63
) Lii ç a jiJl LLil ct % 45 )4 L5
..kii 1L tiI L.J- ç& % 27 31
Li3 H 40 Hit Liii 96
.cUJ LJ-i 3jj L.c. % 86 3 if• JL>.4 l
% 99 3j.ijUj çp.atjU'i yo % 75
% 65 bp ç •t J 31 Li .631Ij ajili SLI
y % m
Cr 33.,bi H1 % 80 Hi ujI y % 100
I 3,èI H1 % 80 '3 I ii % 100
I
aa.s JwJ t I.L.4LjssJIg&aS,JI iaAJIS*aJ
41P L. 3 a cL'-US JJ j
- o 4Ij) .r '—'Y L~ - Jl 3LU .Zt a j Jl j ZJ,i 4 j4JJ
.U,,Jl tJL LULl ai, LS
JL.PCJL ZsLJ-I bU)Kr200l) ,...aLI 431 £P -21
AJj4JI
L5i l.C4 i ilJ LfoJ:-1 &Ul L Sii L.it.4a
LJI ptJl L...'i3 LSD, J Z)r LC JAyJI
fj Z j-9 LL fl LJI
U t,- I LLJI c4,$SUD
L5jjl rr'i 4SyJ1 ç74 LC &L
Ji LY p-"JIj ) J Ji il .±A) ZL
Zil JL 3 ULaiJ AJI3
JJI L-}j jJl 33t
.Lrauhi L5¼JJ Jij.i'l çJ&Jj j- ULJ
cuu ii>-i3 aa4 cu
LJ5& ZCt
jj 4'L)Iy-XJ jJLj 3( .L LLLJ-$,)Iciit'-1ISLk (ç200I)Wl.L9 ,.J-RI17)
(33-30 )a.o) io4~JI c,jj AaJIj ..U4 s.JI )
azL.46 aJ ,pSfl L.aLJg.s1Ig ak &l &g.aJI Lna
y La 35 taLth 3y 'j J4PJI
: 118 L..jj
U' çØi ,I;)r2001 jtw iLo L4j -22
Z,JI ZCL.LI ) jAB
4 >)' J c
3 ijL Ji jA3I ç4*JI JiL. 5U 3u L-'JI3 Lai'Jtj
Ut
£.1I Jflj LiM5 1 U.Ji3 pLoJl Lcfl 501
ti LtJ Lrl J J C'JJ
LfJ- $4 cj .JSZc LU Js ZJ J1 15Ji
.k4U - )1 Liil ii Lz-N LJI
3.kUi LJ*i )Vs ti' L;j) --' r- L.ljJJ;
eu ZsL,aJ £1I 5&kJ ZJW aiy j £jjaa LIiiI Coj
zJj2i L$k LJL, W LML.J, &,Jl rdL LSJ —°
.Zk#ajLS £M.d )
33 o' •3LJI .JI •r2001 4)1 up (US)
aji e .Mkk LSdJI (r2001). ajj dLo (119)
;J,u Z4I .,i4I US
Ca.Jic-aL a--
U-) iLJ 32 (f 1999) r." -23
(12W((.$4 ) 4 4tS)
j rM auii tJl L, th Uu- 44)
J.yJI J1 cik3 1t1l Z4fl b-kii cJL L~ c}i34-I
J4I i5.JS LaJ cJ3z .q.$j J½OJI UA Lc
LLJl &MId :è3 j .;45Ll r 4Jy*J
j 6; U. tb- t3l i)aJL, LJi ii öi L.2dl
ZiLcU ,.S LJJL L)i OJJW thS LPJ LC"j1J g4 jAil fall
..D5j &aii }, LLJi JJI ) .Ll,
i.~ a,u i. iU Z.2J dI c
cJjLs L5 LJl Ak -I J au
çjji4- 1)-L o5LYi L,as L1jj r- 4jpj
j.d i'' C 93I 3c44 U5 jj (ç.l998)3'aJ fl -. -24
LJI ZCLII I
34L1l W UW 852 c.AL
3l j ±l2 H&
a ) t)I z5J.i LA6.4 j iWi Z1d LktiI çj.La .(r1999) (120)
J,Jl apiJI~y
(233-183 ja.o) .j 12 ii.Jl A7 J.aJ
it-al jiJ 6 JLLflLjsJIga&Sb4JI aJI LjaJ
II
I :1
F
cia3 •ç1996 /1995 4 .AiJI f .JI j oiJ aALS I 7ôthJ iyic ) 5tI J cia L~ JJ LSdi j-2 (>jiI -'il3Jt L) c~JI
ilL4 4aji &..2JJI cJ3L3 .tJl MJII .5UaJ L~ ji,JS cAA
.LpLaS/I ciI, j4fl ,cL.-Nl C'J,J1, ,.MLJl .'t,il :LLi
:i..dI J} I tJi el
a.ii l)T L)5U2i LSJ 411 e' jJI J c-'J jij ca_ —
. y k>J 4.J La- L JJSJ 41I c-djJI j L •yrj -
LPOLa-' kzk UIj L$:,J *'iJJl cA ULa,-I Jb L3} j -j —
.Z.j,Jl cJLCL4>-NI
',3I JrPL JL4 4441i L:)L.SD$iI A14tJ &.JJI)JJi ii
) UU- i &k L5 .0
CiI 4,LJ r1996 •L .U%I c..L4,iI3 Jj.'JI ~,. Z..4 — 25
(122) -
IL
L5 r'996 r 4'4:- ''H ) tP5U2z4M' Ll>th 0J
L 3 ZJU 5 UW 399 C.AL
Lta! ZaIj CJjjJ L11J 4I 1,LJI Cr1996) ; (122) 24
http: / /wwwpcpsrorg /arabklsurvey /polls /cprspolls /special /96 /przait.html#headingl
aa a j'J &I L.aUL a,s.JI .,aJl LJ
3
311 LAL 9 .LLJU _ii i,i., % 15 Ji! 31 SS3 ai
yi cyXI U,,o iU- 46 xco U,,o H Ci) J...,b L,th C.41S jJ)) r'993 JJl J,LP 4111 .4s - 26
JJI cUS ZJL6j UU, 945 c—;-L Z )s L.Jlçfl £s Cj3 -I
Ø'_Jl ui Lak.1 Jl cJi. •l993
çø iojrAtI Z.itLc.
4 3J L5jJl (jJjJl LtiI 3. L !CI L.5 &,aU-i .j5U6 ç..0
LO¼.kJl çJJ cLC 3.*j >jJt ii J yyth
I 4ayjJIj 4PNI 4IjtJI a3SA J±J 4.jAJi cj
.L.I3\LJl Q (JJ jJI &,4JL Ji J~2J
} y zSI ,èIj y± k..wIjs&il CJj4ij
r- -v- LtL j,aJIj ).,U
1 Lt)U"JiJ ~Jit Uij 5thi o-
:LdJS d
JJJI 3j W 'J,JL il ç4 5thJl % 85.4 s1 -
—103 4jac) Za ).aLIø jj)I Jra1.) ZujJI dii i_ .t. (123)
(166
ijtba U.JIi LIjJIj
LLaiJI tA Z.A>N % 56.3 -
.iil Uti3 frj r r ç'-' -
LJ,Jl cAc'ijJl )s- asE 5J1
r cAnU-1 LMU 3
thil jJ LLJl I)) UU1I t411 s1 - 27
.(124) • ((.
- ft
3W y ZJ, UW 562 c—;LL ) ZJUII -i
LLa3I a y 5kiafl
.J'jJi NJl
r1993 ç J1
cL Z j t S .S
1A3} Z,411 CPU I LAQl OJA
ç'n bJJ J~JI Ll siI t} 5UaJ % 46.2 &Lcl -
kk,it
-QI % 57.8 &tsl i 3k.kJI L5 °j
LJ1U çtJUUj
% 74.2 &Lrl 45U2)I 15U j63 jJ14 -
dlr&Lfli )B
Lj k4:* LJ5kJ
LiJAjJI A1 LL.. U2. Lj3) ,U-I U2J U Z....SLJI r'99 L11 y.2 UUiI (124)
.(120-87 L,a.o) 1 .tdI 9Jk4I
csJIaaA .4a.n.auJ tS IAULjJIgS&I jAJI La
5U jWJilJJJ 5U3l eLS -
UjM 4t2 (çi1993) c .Us- Ll —28
L&4LaA i cJ LiJS
JJ-; 3P:J, - aLaJ 41
Lfl.4 4Pj J~ J j &aUiI LLaJIj LLJ JA! cAL
Jy(...)U.*Jlj.Ll yjj.) jjtJJI Ii .Ldl}5ksJI
J-I lSj LL.3 (Jl) i-3L, i,C3'Ji JthtiI
A ZI Jco L41 L 9AJ$ — i 4;.57i,j d.ai! C7.jlj
1_9
— flI iytJI elSM j S Ai9 j.g.i iUiJ3 ~j4i
3! - ) Z&l U5k, dM'L çis LB LP> L5
.03: kil LBi)jJJ.. ZL..i ZL,o
.&U,JS cU5*J L)1 kU Zth5US it$I
St Jil cJ,ii L5 C..) ZLiJt
-ji 4A Jk3I y 31 ii.s.LJ JLII 74
(15: 1993.2J)
-' kLaJI jjJIj J~S (ç1993) 3jJJ4- -111 025)
aasa> a- St .L. JI aaaJI LaJ
ZQfJt 4.A}. Z.4 Z4I LI (l991), J Ji z..I - 29
r991 cr,'-i $J&ra3t •)l t.S,Ji ,4 i) -R.j1 41 ZJJLAJU' Ui,
c5r— lS 4JIJS ;;Jt
la $..AJI ç LJ tI31J ,4SIy $S#j Ui2J1 g.AJ LJI ,P j JI 5 -
'-4ri jI,J LJ J LyJ..t )y' a ç..0
399 ckL Z LI>th C.apl yai JLA y ku
'r' r' 0sU LaJRJI CJ )LAYI &,- 5W . Z.JW3 UU,
cAaJhj Li,,J j;tlj L?JJ xU -y uj) z
La,-"Jt $frJi J JjJ .I4At4j 4.,ay*JI Lk 3JSj çj'J
J)JJ RJ % 86 )si - sU jJS LI 31
L4z5U % lOj yJl c.Li5kJ % 11 4J j •JJI .LSI
s,ki 5kbJl 3.S-UI 1QI j) , .iis
.iJl L.SJl 3-US .% 15 L ;S Za JUJI L5U
J3a3 jlj JI J*-1, U-i jL
Z1 tJilI L) J9-4,ilI LyJI cAjtaI U' .'I. (r11) 3)L j.iI,JLe i_JI (126)
(133-107 a,o) ,I /j1j- 4/3 3.i,JI ,4P øJI .A4I a.J~J pi.i
s4s -jjn a g_s jwj g SJI .L.UL. a.d.JI. a,SI aaJI AaJ
5W LAi.a (f 1989) - 30 .027) •
5
JLk, Uk 330 cL Z 3 JCM Z#alJ. ¼:Jj -I
4LJ c2'iI Lr )1 & yUI oi c:jJAj
t1989 SJI ;iL, LS J )i cii L5 ,a,iI LLAJ 3r j5UaU LLz-' j
::&- LAJ.AII ciw. .5WJS J JL Jl3 ZthJLI ci?l, >J3 ML L cjply Ldl >Jl
2,Ul .U,3l JJ€JL Jl L.zNl iL
ai3i3 eLS j LJU s
LU ~it .èiiI l}1 y % 90 }s1 -
o Zk,Jl PLth Lit.à Jul i3) 31 4SS % 14 -
i,)iil } LJI l} 31 5Uail o % 78 c.. jc4 -
L5
jjsLJI j5 z01 L? J fJl c,cjJl s ZIth
jJl jU.tdlj c,b.1i
54aiI Ly1 a,oL4I t,aJI Ja. cI,~.. (127) - (256-212 ja-*o) 16 s4-I I,Jl iid
aqSsaL aa psJ .pSoJI
(128)((;%.II ZJLJJI LJJ ) UP'Ji j r.AjI jI). - 31
C LJs1.Zj yJI L.JJ A
CS &AJiI Ø L~Ul Jjt.Z
ak, Z1&il Lt0U3. 3j £c. ULJI cLaa Lra
4&*fl rt 3 '? J2 L5J sL-' cAL j
, l
•: c,Jl .1L.tJI j..,ail L'di i] idI c
.1AiI JI J 1J3 Lil J çai 2l. %Ij ZIWI
tseL.z,_'ft L...LJI 2,lI .I)) (ç1986) AU JL- ..L.i'- Ltp - 32
.029)y .dI
uflI JLZ 4Aka Ui abc. tP z.di o.A
cA jB ZLJl ZsL,-'t H' Z0k4
dJ JSU SJJI : ;zLJl 3 L2U; .L-II tfl
,4 4, .z14)i 4JiI LS LajiiU UC
i 'tcr'- -'- 'rr. J~2 Z JRJI 3t a3l
3W ziflJ J j L,a
3•Ij •)Li.4i 31.p JJJIji jj 3j L,"
a-I c.Làpi i.A
4.;t4Ac J.J'Ji r,tio 3i ç,iyj U5k tMl y}~ .kJI
(153 -88 39JP iLb-jJI iI t,S3 .UI ) Lzd gJ1 (r1987)J! r.ayi(i28)
I JL.. LSILLL. L4, :jj&dcj z,L'iIjz (ç1986) JL-.L.,-I ,aUb(129)
1-
(72 - 43 3 J3! I4ail an..
4
u4aJ 4JI aa-J IILa
5t6i LLJI 1I}) (ç1982) (JUst J) Z1tA LI - 33
:°30 ;WL
ZLAU 1 LJI i- t 4aMi). ,Aj
L.)3U231 3A % 70.3 3t &AA)JJl cJ 'c1982"198' L.,1Ijjjl UJ j °/'° 96 "-PP % ii 3yy44
'5Uail y4 % 74 % 35 ) Ji LS
yJI J a.a 3L 5UaJI a % 5.8 y4 Js3. j
raa
it % 53.9 )1 Ct'- 4Jl JL ya j- J~L yQ4 ôL % 3.9
3J L JI J .SJ T % 66 j .3iii ) .iai % 13 1,.i J.Jl
I c41 3,3 3}t ' ~jytJI &aUl 5U y % 71.5 —
3,LJ Aii.JJ A1 AJ-I Lui bl 3% 38.5-
cJ Ls 3JJ%
.LJ..41 jJtaJ4 ' La,- uL4 cAJWi Ukil u
.4 36 k41 U3L LaI Z.AL! j%j ZLJI .(1982) c._4 J4a) Zts. (130)
a ded La. Z4,iJI
paJ LPSSJI U*cJlsJI.aM 4a
j ypj U1 3 j 31 % 75 -
JJS >St2 Zli çg rDU cc341 eH c5cW 31 5&kJ )U
ü
:"3¼c.,,~3I i La.'Ij Zt_iIrJI r198' r11- J-A 34
) ZJ1io UU 500 c.kL a~ 2 p LU LAi p-
1l -'-' r'' &.a4i yjl$l y
cLI aljdl oJ cJjb LJLJ F LLa ZJU.) si Lci3OJJS
0Lt & .,Cfl 1l ) afl L,4J La
LL.> 5Lki .-kli.- Lk 1i .
J4 'J ç$JJ çt J1 JJI I g ;a, c,-<JI jj3 31LJl .}1y% 84
LS &.PJiJI cACiS yW. % 16 )si J2Uj
Y 3,W JJJI J..>-S o- 9Ltho)i cA'l 1L4. L4,..Ql oiC,
ji L ôe
c.LoçJl a Lt ti.fl *icy j 4•JJU ZaU .'l,JI J,-, LbJ'J ),U LfI 'JJi J,i LJJ.4J yj Li y
I.
asJI iA+ s!ts6&l .L4L 4.a1 £hJl a-1 Lsi
jLUI thM)) r'968 '-''- '-° -4.' 35
Jr r--'3 J5¼- jiLc U JJ Lt'Jl..AA .)LaJ Si Jj
r1967 rLp .;)fJ 3 LSAI)J CJUJI çsIJ Z-jLail
J r1905 r -
'DILL
yu1 Jlj &4L.-\ j Lail J1 pi)aU UJU
cOkaAz)l rLi
14 J 3r H H - -'-'-'
LL~ &J3*JI &Lth .ZOJ2J e'Jl jL...,- Jc ç,k,aJl LJIØ'!JJI
zy.J udJi jJI LJ J 4SJJ k 1 j i- -ti Lc4J ;U 3Ji cr- L5
SLJ
ç LP L,J y )J r' UJa4 A
r'967
1 e 1 ZJJ LJ-SL U*,'J ) &i3L L' 3 43L4 JL 5JS L2iJ ()U JJI dl
J~ dl 3 t
Js L Y L<i ;7i€dl H1 &-? Jo jfl 1Lai
Li L3 L4l.dl j.byo JdI ZdI Ll3iJS
L5tp z:jJIj JJI LU jLc
.LdisiI )b c-jr a)IJ ! 41968) J- (32))&U J
J' ácaLa 46 J.a s nJ pSgJI LUL J4.JIS .SgJI -JI
(133) aji y ZjiI, ;s.4I .iL4J (Ross 4 2007) L.I -36
-).)J &.6IasiJI H 5U2il s'k,jl &.øSyL k.4S>dI Ok Ca4tft
0.±C 3I a>-Ju ':-j L)1 L3 .i Lit
kJl ;U- çjls Aij lyicsd iJJ
a4 LLath ZLL 4U0IaQi ZLfl3 zU ZJLJI L) a.5w çt5 Ji l, L4Jl ZJI ji ;U-i L5 JJ•W
±J cAJ 49 JW, UW (150) &UAJl cJ~-9 4Z'lj~w s
3W AAa,c . Ui UJ 31 13JS
)kWl ajJa5 ;rs Z-b- y-j L.2.th c., ULS j Li
.4rMiJfl o}bj 14)l2 r±3ZcJ 4 J 1J
jts.. .ZI1.JI a4ID (Okorodu12006) &..4,p - 37
:134LaUl ) Z3LtiI
it; aiu ji5*J L5 )1 ⅈ ojA
'(&1 U} Ut.è L) :ZUI J3th L)Z
4z~\i ;j>41 cL"JiI) :ziU J3th ) çJU * LF
LAJS3 (L9 3LUI
iJ kfl 3UU Ll &I-il .;I L-11 • I I -.
• '-'°..jV '
(133) Ross, A. (2007). Multiple Identities and Education for Active Citizenship, British Jour-nal of Educational Studies, 55(3), 23- 29.
(134) Okorodul,R(2006) Global Citizenship, Implications, for Guidance Implications, for Guidance Citizenship and Coupling Innovations in Developing Nations, International J. for the Advancement of counseling.VoI,28,No,2.Sweden.
piJ
tj çUI JjJJISJl LU jiA -
(07M41 ij 7 LU JLaf!I
J Zaj.fl LLc Zos2l Jj.dIj UIJI Jj.sJl S.U-i 3u
JI Z..4.zJI U Jj 4U3 Jj dl çJJ IJi13 JAJS LPJ -
c,kU ; 4i zfl
1 :y_a:.1Ij ciJ.-; L)1J L )'dIJ 4..'-jJI j~Iy )i ULJI Jj J 3k -
.I öLiI Ji5, ZIJU Lfl J
,Ja (Ajogo c Ibhafidon Otote c 2006) ,p-y-j L1 -38 .(135)
ai,u L51S# i z J z4idi
L5 iUl itc4, .Ui4, SU )i Zfl-, a L,otj
LL 255 c.JW . s )., LJU, 1200 cL 5A6jI
c.'Jjij as,u H ti JU: L5 J1 41,50I kMt)th
jj.i-j SilI3 ai,ii ui Z.L03U iE J3b L5
.3L.J'I
aJ1; j L}J u1 ul Ukil 3i z_ 4a
.ai3 i',u ii3 cl i J. u zu -,w
(135) Ajogo, M, lbhaf7don,H & Otote,t (2006). An Assessment of Citizenship, Education, 130 (1), Ambrose Alli University, Fkpoma, 18-27.
ig1SJI
aiii )P ZsejaU 3t4fl.4 &La JFB cr2003 ULS;j L4,3 -39
:136c.J.AJI )
eLll ZJUJ 3yt ) (Mendoza and Okayama) &S
oLiF Lr 31.t1US
LYJL ç,4~~) b ,th y)UiI 31 Z4,J3I
31 L,a,i ,iJi c.,aJj JaAj yit 3jLcJI c
s-i zs4i L Zia rCtul . 9da c,~i zUII oi
LS ZJ5iJI3 L6,i9 4.kW AJi LL.JI
(Osler and Starkey2003) ,,5 ,,j ,L.l Ls$j. - 40 (137)jj_j; ;lSll
- 4Uil idU Jr &4U1 oi (J j La) (L]) >.
.Ud; LJHJ rL*31 cLy 4.L,Cb
k;k,ii JYd çJ 4S ) 3S-Ui fuj
Zj! y UA L5Y.j'Jl U 7 Ji j5y •r1995 fLc ) )CJ)JI pJi
r5LJI j.a jA JLaJ Jc
(136) Mendoza, R, and Okayama,S.(2003) Make Baan curriculum for Secondary schools Indie Phillibbins..dhe development of Citizenship ,graduate schools for International Devil ambled and coobration, University.Japan.
(137) Osler, Audrey and Starkey, High (2003). Learning for cosmopolitan citizenship:theo-retical debates and young peoples experiences. Educational Review, 55,3,243-254.
a.tJI a4 pJ .L4 . SgJ ig.aJI .rAa
L,Lj J>di U,kJ13 .AJI 14, U J1LthJ 3L.fl
ct._aj cL-Nij $aflhl *:M JKi (15 LI XSjj 1Wi Lc$J1
4LyJlIk
r+4t4 JLL.Jl j.A4 P J.Jly }JI 56Z1 -
rt Li/il 4 J%4J..1 1 3L51 c1 Ul cU5ks-'I f I I -
LSL.J"Jl ) 'U
)3 d1 Lrtdl )JI Lc$' L5' ilj,JI3 yLaJl r- -
5;j1l ljJ' 3UL, .sL-Nl ZJjjJ Jyi —
L1th j U,) ZjJI La ( Losito c Bruno c 2003 J L1F —41 - .(138)
(.ZiUfl /)LkU )L,Jl, Z.kIjl r-4 Jr 'L LstP t.6jAi3 U; olt
CJLJWJIJ )LOL.JI L.J5U2J1 4~JW L.1 LaA (zi) rUj 3t ziJI I4I Z caLJiJI oi
çyil rUiJI CJIj~y a I~) 35k~ >iI JJI 3A53 k,Jl W J~3 j uI L. >dI ctj j
'.i I rt
) z1aiU3 J1I H jS)
c 9 .t ,do141 jö-j
lj>
jj4JI
(138) Losito, Bruno (2003) Civic Education in Italy Intended Curriculum & Students, op-portunity to Learn.
aJIas4 4L -a 4-a 0iJ
)yj L) c-U cLki€dl ~UW k)i
>tais JaU Là) yiJl JoL j J i2k1S Ul3 II
iA 34.II o& diii Jil 31, &Llt JU
L.Othi J.S J L) L74Z iL j J c_cit CJji Cr°
CjflJJZilr.AUl
) ZJ41 L1i (Chamberlin ,2002) y3,.aLt LI - 42
)s 3th .J.cJi (3J0UJ) &4p c...,aZ
L/ çr-- LJ5U Cr4
Zlj-di Uk
jJ L5 5&kjl '..a..à ..a jJJS Jsj LiUaiy cj- ikS
t4 zus) 4ci kL Lr'Ji Lr4
J1 31 La Zl>d c ii3 .1>1t U LLai J LLJ
r L9 jil b_,5:3 31 IJA9J. H Ji al 31 t.a) fl a
i,iE i JJt Ukil L- ~1 S3fl~ Z7 61 J7 çtJ.Jt Cr4
f' Cr4 cLk4 2L ctLtt't_a 3 L~ U4
(139) Chamberlin , R. (2002). Citizenship? Only if You Haven't Got a Life, Secondary Public
School, Views of Citizenship University of Exeter, UK. Education
4
yUIj LJI ai,u LilI ',ka ( Lie 2001) j - 43 .040)
J1 3iA4l L)5U2J1 4 (fJ -)
))kJI Ly,C Cr LSUfl aa.,JI U5Ul 3 JjLz L5 dJJ!
,i cJjz, .zsçytJi ;-kdl Jo a
LC3 C }lj ,kii 1x3 .L6JL jyt.±JIj e'JjiI, .LJl
k6JU Jc. Jy,a>U +1
;j
daJI 1&L a
Z ZAjl 3-Iyj $,aaJS JI 15y j 31I L'I
JI cAL4SI3 A'Jl >a L.àiL. IL 3,L>t si .JjaJlj j.JL
.JI ucftt&U ZAJ oiJ ZJ_0"JI c.UUJl 3L 3 y-jiS
eL#1 Ly J 3j'il ftA4J
) ai,,u rJ+aM) (John Patrick 1999) a;L L -44 (141)t( L~61ji.cjJl
IU A~JJI J 4 Cr rt'i ZJLI 3r J () -Sj
zi3 i*,'i L LJI i sU, zi,u ,~i4 jtz LS
eLlj i',U ; j-t >a UI H' J~y alA .L c j
p i3UJI LJ'JI
L r"-1 3dlU Jc- cuLl J 4 —
(140) Lie, Joe (2001). Claims to belonging and difference cultural citizenship and identity construction in school Ph,d, ,The University of Wisconsin - Madison.
(141) Patrick, John (1999). The concept of citizenship in education for democracy. http://www.indiana.edu/ssddcitcondig.htm.
&' cJl aSJI lLaj
U3aciiS L}t1 Y LiJS -
LC)I JK. JS /I J,J3
&fl L5UaJI j OdA C) U
t ,Jt cUj.Jl cA.-lJl L5iJ.- i j 1LiA Ji
r LIA -
Lit - £j, .R13sJl Ly tçLo, jU
LL.-'l 3LdI j ji>- j iL&a.3 j ;ILJJ3 Zkcilj
LS-)j JJi c4).4fl JSja &4)JJI o..L& )W1 ) yj .3W3S Z~Lth
A) j5U J1 t4 . t''- 4IJtS L S t+*Js*J L 5WJ1 L LP 31
L..JI).41 L (Monitoring) Z J j (Interacting) J._.Udi
LajUJ aLJI UJS JLs4 Z.At &a
)il,U u>-a c4,41' j.* j (Influencing) J UI cA}.pj
rriS 0Ut yaUS
L} I' Z.4,. .a JIs J -JP (Hahn 1999) 3U5L4j. -45
:42) ((tzij LLJI
4i rn Jy- -i jfl &LLit cLA>&Jl (3)
UU : 'JF j il
U5sA -,
Ut.1Aj ftJy3, 3,t-dlj UUU
J LJLØ)L1I L..JL J rkit i U*CJI &ra a,it 3,LM
(142) Hahn, Carole (1999). Citizenship education: an empirical study of policy, practices and outcomes. Oxford. Review of Education, vol.25,231-250.
0.aJ .iSJ L4U at.JIaaS.. aIL
-, UL4t J JW 31 44.IiJ th
cU5k tj .bii 71il, ,4JL aLtU
.ZiUth Iy 3LI j LdI J cUUt y, LA
LilB (Robert Woyach 1992) -46
i toyiIj ;LJI 3its Robert Woyach
, c.JjL L5 cZ~y'Jt aa4 cL'i,J ) JLLt LjJ13 :i: jU jU
L;Jl JL1.LS c5Uo 3j Ia LIMa. J- - U Jla 31 L51 HIJth
d4IjfO y ji2j zS13113 LiJI öL Lsa ;j
Sit LLl a JS r--- 2JiI c.J-Lc3
u'-i d01,1I 5~AAA OLJI )J 3_cU LAJ,.fl
U } U ç.iCii . W f Li Li>xiI
IaLiljaJt0Jo ';j1r - 3 - 8
LaLLiI CJL1J UIJ J JI y4 tJ 4Ij.) cJ 3L -1
L Lay- ..kij .iojiI 'J jiI j .kl,L 3 Z y JS 3W. - L.i.JI c'J1>W ) - akfl j .otJI LUJI
ajJl J-'- -t4 u&,L3i c Lcj, 9th
)3J4 C '2S 01k £. LC j ji3 H3 Lk..0 ~&~ . ; 3,SZ 'J! IfJI
(143) woyach, Robert B (1992) Leadership in civic education. ERIC Digest Publication.
sJlagaL.41 aaa L,II.jqAJI
U La ) 3L ZiL4IZ,.,aJl L4 &L1ij LJl
LLf- jJ1 zJ L4SL5 CJLAbI)..XiI
J1 LJLl>th Lal LaA LL ,th
La>zl lit 3IS .3Lk*A Js. ,a
azi tJI
.iI4 cLk4 ;.uUil 5 -
L caj>I øi ZJI4I cLaljJiI WiI çq1 ,S L,0 S - 2
a& j 44U L..-JL2)Ul JLz.dA LI cL41j L1U-1
z&_,.€J! Cr O~CJLA J. Li- IIJ •U L9 U 353
c::.:s U JU1 U)Ü &JI • it Jii
,iJl L,iJi .JIjUIJ jçj:k;1
L j ,S Z Le-lj - 3
3 zii oJ J- ç. t31 Zflfl a. Z2WJi 2Ua)U JU I UU
UJsIjj .L 5cfI, caaciI iicA J~j UUlza.iu3 a)UaJi j
! J-U jL jJI cA~,.di
.a4ui L4W
-t
I
SjLzaL aa-a.,.t fi1J Ut&I £LUL 44414 sibgflaaJI z2a
L.4Ij SW-i U,ày.t..sI L4dU -4
Lc't Lf.k..a j 5LLdS3 CLLL.a'lj ct..Jl t-e
3I ,i .çlj-dIj idL Z:aJI L.Ut L1I
.Z.d'Jl Ai (JjiSj $4l dill
-&U LpL,.c ' I.fI LJLMIj1JSOW Js J.p 3S-U LaL "Ir, Zsèy H ci C jli
jJI J5- a aiu LA S LU LY
A0-i _i10 CJLJLISJ cL-l)Sj JJ-L j.
L-y L1Ji oJ jai L.i LL41 Apj ) Lflt .uJ -5
ZPLJ c JS
pj; L5.Jl aLI y& JOW Jat' a-I ,a L4J .J.OW JaA
J U J :L,5UJU3i~ t44 a
;,.s ZL6 1 41 ULQI J i Ja ?3J~ jI Lfr LL
U22
( J; frUJ>-1,,a
.L )5kiljL:A4il (:ro LN ;. ILLp
Lk.JS J-I jJ 4Ijll Js Lsj iL'2I jJ LU c LLUI
LJz 1 Lty- ) ZaàiL x.c 3 j il L)Le) )s'j
a.Sa.aLa.s1IJsa..az
J&Jt4k?CJI+s4;
c.a...i t.~t sasaf r L4 ?Sz.a
•j4 LflI
Z.,ail 3US y }L pQè
Utth )s- ji.i Jl .. U11 &,aJ oi j W
rhI Lcj jJZ Z4 J L1i L JLS
Liu zItAl LJii 31 u .,,2J; u,i
JUAj
)s. j ilj t.1 3U~ ,SZi U
4(l3 ,nU Z-,2,db IaAjH ) ;u :dLI 315 ,,e ',J Ji JU 31 LPt
3 U..*kwI JU1Lj C)LU.th JY- L4 1,- L) k.,-i
I zjU L5 ;LZiiJ CkU l Ll>di
a.zLJI tkfl d 1LI w
1 I
. .,. j
a;3n ft. LJ3L fl L1x3l )j fl
ii cLäsl jj cJU ji iL*øJ
.IJL.aj Jd
N3 Zi4I ;bis - ttic Lxi, LS:il
j pS C)lJa1l yfl yjJJj 4CjJS :.o.:il -L L~
cJjlZ Ji LALLM L5I cL41fl 3 )1 - ' - ,LdI Jkj
çt-VJi 3iJ- .7OU2iS J j :ca 5U L5 iU 2 i4
, is3
kUJ, c.Aj)Uj &LU, çil aii La b J,L Lth ciA
ç U jJI "J,fl aiJu LS 3 A
3 AL,2J. JI L.JL4U o
L* £4 )LAJiS olt Lo,s jJl J -7
LS 4Z.61jil ç i CIJJ S:ti L5i
1i ZnAL ) t.UaJi ç d i J2
4 Zr.jJ:ii ZJI eL jjL 1J3 JLiSjJJ -•:.
U. 3 z.,.i, t>,a Ij ,ai La1 c:aj al1L
8 tE' Z..Ok.kSl (j
/. c.LIJJi
3M 3 JJjy4.) JPJJlj cbU JakzS U0U. 3
zj JinJI
IäAsjag.s JI.LjJI g.aJIS.aJ
LruI#UJ iU çyI JLii ,1c
LJ' ff 4k5¼iI 0J &I L.LJl3 LPL,V-'fl
r.e11j 5kkU LL-'l cAiI ZU cE ,J .jLs..cU
Lt 4M,a431 øj C_ IS J5k- .>il 3UJ1 Lu L
L4U- Jl $JâJI :Jia LCS"I ck,~1I ZULa
.Ll3 i'llS ZL4J jy..2J Ui Jj
øJ- J 3&kJI L9 >JJ
Ly
jst i ai1i ;utij ;)fl, p J4 Lcdl 5JslI
LC3 ZU ) Z JJI >-Uj aj,B
3i -4 Zi,3l öU.tti L 5UII j.ti C 4_bi iiu is a4 cJ1Z
d! -WIj bil Lii13
(yJl Lc j4i C)LdU.Al 4-' Si U
Lo) 3 L..k L~33 L 4JI3 an
CI
: 31 i3
1: yl JAI
ZJl Z&LI Ls1J Ul JUl cSdJ,
Jr L UI ut .4-L-
1991 Lr..*Jlj ccuyil) JiLl .a) yirJ ;..t>Il cAu ill Z
Jij LLJ - Lzl S 3 - )J-
Lc.C1J ç5 IyJ1 JjJI L5 Jul4f c±JLA-tiI e jb jL4
U2Jl JSiI Lak3 J,L ,
cr4 )s APjy4 4j.t4 JLIJ r- ULo Cj~JI LS-'
:zJU-i Li.1J3 LrYU cL4-"Jl Ai 3 y}JI Li1L-
4.0 &..A4) L.JW :jJI
.J UBa JQJj ZJUI
L, ) c..,) j3l JpJ Jj a - oi k7J L5LP 3LJl z±a L,th Lil cj',:jl
Lc) cS ,dI LJ1 cAkth 4 Jj L
4i31 c±e' 3d c_c "J L5 jJl AJ! LacJlj rjL:fl, J3iJ1 :?ci .a,J Ls1U )Jl
19 4iyQJI 3 J.W çi LU c±lb j jjJa t.Zi4)) 3 jL.Ji Ii
UZJ
;a Lt' jLj JJ :b (2003ZiJ3) r2003 r - j 3r cjIjsJij L5j)J cA'Jl
alA
J Q1SJi LU I1as,ji iaaJI
. 0sJI 1I Li cJjLSilJ Jiii
& ULai J,b jil LJW Z..1JJ.0 L-4-1k; L.1>iJl
a4 5l Z.JW I,iiI, ..Apij LA,J.'- LCI3
L.- LiJS il)-l3 LJL'JiJ AJl, II - Jt.i LU "J
L# u.aU Ct4 L9 r2003 çts-
b-T Z.b1,U .iW Si Ji :jyjiI L) -
jj. Jy- r2006 .Lt)I cia Lalj.i.i kMj.Uj jLza'JI r -' '.1 ) ZiLxf Zk-JiI J,c* ii >)I Li'JI yy Z.La-'H Ldi
Cr4J .jLi.z'I UU Jz c,.~l Jj.
LpL-'i LLJI ZLtJI r1981 ç'- Lkt iMU)
a1,43 Crc' ,a ç ,th ca.i$3
L'- ZU i;)-
Jjt s}l 3W '13iI i ,-i LiOJJ C J3I a Uw 4.oIjJJI oi C
J-lj aibii zs,Ii ) ZJbJi L,U iAi t
L W.- j - -
.(a2007) iS 3.4S L4,
~i3 LJl c )! ;Ll Us ? LJLh2J')I yj
k4 :)tja -L> JJJI -
.aJ.-1 j' 3J
2J.Ut oi 'r2010 jo-W Sj oL.11 ) U.-I
? L 5kQJ, L) L,JIZj i-
-S
I
pj ç.sJi aLaJI
r Lz1 -k çt ZLNt LLaiJ i N
cr N3 ) 3UaU UUJ ajij Uk3JS LJ JS
jJl L>ttJ 'r2007 L f431 Lk? &j.) U
lj.) (54ø d4.ta.J J &*AL4I JJ)J CJ j1S i u6 JiE Z-p
J1,U j Jitz ). ai L.c~i
L?J3ZiL J3WL5U*N)flJ4t4 /
LI145 U 5 J5UJ
CJL L L L L, 5jjil N zJ
:Lat iIsIjaJJ -4-8
U3L }I UJLJ JLsQtj LJ. üi £UJ J-j
oi Lt .L3.J 3LU1 LAE. j aU- H LSD
&LJ
JL
4:taLa4 .5kJS Lscjj
Jt± Jj3 i4 ,th L2th
Ja cSNSj Lfl U
LJUaaJ 4JL.Jij LLifl3 Z2U23i .kitS Jy ±
LS ai3u H
46 a--' paJ Lana
L cJK - p+i. J IjJJI yà
ci-< J4U .JW y i)ytA UKl
ULai JoLa LS iU ciSZ.Z Z 43t ZiiJ
Z~ZU2Jl 3t. 4ii ALdS ULa Z4,w UU- Izt c.}fl
w3 .ZiLJI L1JI JMeL- zJJl3 L}sJSj
;jj,a Jj pLsl L.,-I saL,, L,L. j o
jyLLi, 4J4U f3iI 4.O LPL 4AJLJt C)LaIS)JiS
H 5UJl cASZ>Il ) LtL'JI A J.j .CJoJl eL j L LA
Lf J LkUi J4 J. ) ly 3, N j jJJ øI La9,,O
L.l iU,<t.1 L9 3I (tJJl jLsl 3 LY'3 *t11
.L-N k,€Jl 4J JJS ZJiJ a.w
- LN;
cAeLN j fl c&L,i'l JU~.t.2 ,Q jJ1 Z'JI y
L k,JS s; i4, kLtsj çthJij
:JjuIJt faime - 9
3." L5i,cjj P iW
4L 7&ikJ, CLA 'jt &aj
1I :(Carl Odge) pT JJI~ 4i* L.5 })l r
-a-
I
azk aadt ØaJ u'J1 Le
c)Ua -4 ' ;A1i t..a Us. H Lsjjl
LpE
LJ JAj
k- kU CJ'h, & j)Jfl ;Ui 4-Ji
)S ti )y LFJ 'LLU-9 L$th cA)3fl3 LvSj
i.,- cjL,o ç5iCjJ &J
LL.I w ii;
ZkJLJ Ls. L- ,1JI .J 3p! a x ULa>4j
1989 4jL-,Jl)
yP IJ iji2JI .IOJ oL* 4th. US
Ij - I q
.
'- I LL
Ljfl LzJl 5isCjJS 4 ''J c j
r2o°3 L4 JJkiI Lr4Z Ja ) c. )
,
-i, JJfl JKz1 w,-b :JU t,a a,ii n
Jym
L.A.W UA j Z
c-'/I 4jLD L5 .024 .2000 ç W) ((ZLLUi
ULiI jsU-1 LF LI J tUaJS J4c; ,th
J, 9il JN 5k' 1UJj 1i ts 5U2 LL2 çLaj
2000 (LJ I -(59 (Jo
At},Ail :t. &ca
J12 '/ SC.. L~ &dI JL, Itt1j JII 5AUJI
oJ UaSI il LnJ LJ4, cULJI 01&
a J jtsbI IU a l aâJI LsJ
UU1S c4y-1 yU i,~ij .c.LJij L4W
4Uz L)• 5c- a4n L.cy-' UjiJI J. ,tUi3l
c,J5 .b-) cij -- L5 JAl
-- itaI!a1J- 10
(Statistical Package for the social science Spss) L-")I Z.)- Z_.Ai ...LPI
- .
144ku (JJA uxis cU •(145) bJ JI Spss for Windows La-YtaUrU Uij LcU>.th
1)) ZJLa,-'jiH ,4ZUj y rWC_I r
.Pearson Correlation coefficients (3jL) Zit,I Ui j .kjfl J.oL*. -
j La>-'I 3j3iiS i'IiJ Chi-Square Tests (, 415) -
.1Jl L_-.L Gronbach Alpha (UJI
J'LUS U3 (T-Test) (Jzi1)
jj)il J'LU (ANOVA) k_J 3LJI JJA -
(141)Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD) gJ.*.)S s-Ni
] . 2001 US L4- (Spss for windows) ULa-'I Z.yLI ),o3I .La-t jUfl JSjJ s. ç.,aIj4 (144)
SaJJ LJI j1z aAWI (Spss) VU rz_ UYJ JLz'-)fl J,1JI f)kppj 4 (145)
a' •ç2002 ,aU3I I]I Z.4t4-I 5La - A4i! J,J.2, i (Spss) )La.-iI fUiI öjd,jI )I J)k .j.o,. (146)
• r2°°° 3L 4Ji JIj ,b
sJIAssL-4J a.a.a paJ uSJI £L ,.JI9aSIa.aJI cAaJ
:!jSI ilsi - 11
k-& iL4 Jb cL'i aLil LdI
? iLs3J LA LSl, a,is3
cM LZJUJAC ç9j ZLki k,4 -o ''-° ' $j-°
L—''.57JI ztaJ c1 J LL Xjp
JI çaJ-, pii LSI3 Zi&iLil U~J, 9L-''l3 ,...4-u
L.LT jjLa i-a - J ccjj U~ ft. 35 bI nas 4
LtA
J. jUoI :Jth Ji -
ZLa 3 u3l L4aa Up
• ((LrJ'I3 JI U j1L :)I -
p &i jU :2Li iI -
;I!aJ it1ZI - 1 - 11
'— L)1 i45 LC
c-LA )LJI lJL ., •t.& Zi_C.i cAL4, Jl (147) .. •,~th- - - - 5U
,...L •.1 J.. ra.. ..1 ,sii c . .1 LJI (147)
jwJ 1 L UsJIs_SgJI.aJI SaaJ
,5Z.c LLLJ-j
:~Uj,-,aJi L5y ? LStJ.j LLiLj JI S
cJ AJ ZUZ kki 4, kz 3
. ZLN pI çt .i3AJaU Jl k5l L&LA.! jJ! cU - W .iL4i
•-'H Si; ..t. L4AWI &Ij cLy...,aJl a
(Content Validity) Lc,U 3-La ji 3,U jLa L>- r
iA3 c.i3ijU LP-Ldt JLtJIj .bL3' U3.iaI UI3
31 ;L Z,0U-I L 3' c £j .LiU cfly- 3 O.O1 i' Lcj )j 3A % 99 Jl. cdLJi LiSa 3t
;i 'rkr L7s Ja*?3IZiJ as
1
1 .369 (**) JflJI >J.I
1 .257(**) .431(**) JWi
1 .065(*) .084(**) .086 (**)
1 .043 .086(**) .297(**) .100(**) UL-IrlI ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
_J 4ts&I Ia6gJI LsJ1
Gronbach Alpha (Uii U j fi) J'I Lö ciI
L.j I LJ- Lc. oi LJ-
/21-) .(225 'r1992 :JW)
J1 e:- oi rLJj 0.8711 (Liii Li) A5U L Gj 402t
(148) ___
JLP-Y *-'-
LI oJA jUaZj (Split -half) Zjl 1 U 40-
LS1LcakICJbJi.. 3.4
c- ';J_) Ll.>-t 3s.Pja.a )1 ç: Ai3
Ujj 0.691 e yu jt
c 2tj& stdI cjU L,L9 JA l WL) Jç LLJJ2JlJdi
(0.01 ja JL i1 JaiI)
:IjuUI Aimps - 12
cAJS c djyj 1~ 14 j 3i &*Ar j 4LAUA cUL<Jfl
(Jth cM 'i 'Y L
5k.bil Jl, Z.J.Jl LCJl UW-
•ç2011 /2010 L 1JJJI tJI ) ZJW3 LIL6 29124 UL<iI
% 64.6 3,lic.l8834 ULJ U~iS 3&b
Ja. 4USJI y.JI cIj js4I ZsèjiI r2003) ,&a. S aa- (14$)
jWI .il L-I 13 tsL1j Ljal çjkfl LSJWI r1
a9.6JI aaLs .4 aa a wJ a~6gJl a,
jaUU,ZJ5 $ 4S12j 4lpl ) C.4I
% 35.4 5W 10105 (Zik cUL<Jl p
•&7i Z4.LJ cL.LCI L.J5U
4> LJS
H JLJI J ZJ Ji2J US 13
Lj c.LJL<it 31k, 4L J 5 4f *i Z.,L3I3 b''l3
% 38
U fra° S ZJ1JI Zk-JU 4))
% 5 'J ZJ J.,a-I Li Sjj
çZi &.1..iJ1 LAy.PJ at4 L; jj LS cJJ
L1j 43 LLz,-'dt, Zi&U3 J-L Lc
3 L5UJ y )JP ,S tA £Lt LU
LU, Lk4S 315 oJS LU
Jr4 '- t&L1 ~Ji ULI JI LS j Lea-.- 4 i
Jr4 3J-- 33>-1 -i
4) Z.ULI ZJU 3 UU6 1194 çJj c c 3LJ
% 6.68 U clo LaJ43lj pL.Jl, Z y.tJlj A 3
.(% 6.68 = 100x17872/1194) t.a (JJI LJ tr jLa-' 1L €% 4.1 jLal d
ç2011/2010 ..sljJil cU! 4) U-i
ZJUI LJLJ-I iL4I ji JU, U L6 29124 LJI
rs is- i & j.o- U .(% 4.10 = 100x29124/1194)
-t
I
1 fl a 1 JILJIa&ILsJI
a..4t..4I çL<.0 u :(2) J-; La-I U a
.-! -
%12.58 25.53 4564 48.1 574
%5.33 16.57 2963 13.2 158
%6.34 12.35 2208 11.7 140
%4.15 21.82 3900 13.6 162
%3.78 23.70 4237 13.4 160 L.s.iI
%6.68 100 17872 100.0 1194t,.,41
Li-' 4J .l)t Cf ZjJt ~ 4Ai0 (2) Jj4 .
% 3.78 r4 L# ZJLj L->u- % 12.57 J, C-4-j Lc:il oyXi )1$i ity.ij J.4J US i5U2i
Jt12 zwi I aci
US :A1Cil oi AJJOtU j>i ZJJ ) ,jJ iLI
C, LA\JIJ th Lt>c.0 4aLM )i cJL<J j
(3) J3l .L ii cjLJZj 4 4 th 4k1 ui3 Rii - L.SWI
u,J t&l UaJIgk&I aJLZaj
$ 4Ui,iII}?J: (3)J,iL$
iJIj Za.4-$ 4ç.JIj I ZIâMeIIj Lr.4I
48.8 578
51.2 606
100 1184
73.03 872
26.97 322
100 1194
59.3 686 jJ
40.7 470
100 1156
20.1 240 L,oLJI
12.7 152
19.8 236
14.7 176
17.9 214
14.7 176 2SJL±1jLa
100 1194
48.1 574
ZJ~JI
13.2 158
11.7 140
13.6 162
13.4 160
100 1194
42.5 502
34.4 406
13.4 158
9.7 114
100 1180
.fiJ SI £L.1Vb j,SaJIq aJSi AsBJnjJ
t' YLa-1 5U t.sLL JCi fl I
- 13
a JJJ L L j >dI J3L 3,-<, U ) J½6jJi
Ct Lki 4_ jJ 4jJ.4J1 CJUJ
J,il k4 L ya.4 LJ1J L1il J3L 3
JJI àj ASj c,sZ 4.j.4JI J41 J- ju LiLt
ç U I jij JLCI 3i yP LJtLSZU Z.,aA
jLI JLa az j
JJ> ç% P çi Li .0 u2i iJ
iE4 5U2il .it,4 ) JiU - Jc
b4U ui Ll3 Z, I JL r& ZULtJI ciL,AU
's1I :JiI jjM! -1-13
U ?ZLbJI çt 5PL4 U)
°aA
Z JW JSJI
.Zt Jl ZWiS3 ZU JJL çjLCJ jil 7UIS
.(4) JJJI JI ILA JJ UI3 3UJI (_5j,jJl i; bJ
awiJ &I .VLaa.JI iL+All
j4J1 &tL aLJI aMj41e .4WI .aLaIjja
ZqJ J1'1 LØ ji,ii :(4) JjJ4-$
1194 0 6 1188 k 1 100 0 0.05 99.5 %
1194 48 10 1136 j.sp 3L}J ib L.kJl ZyiI • is J>-
% 2
100 4.0 a 95.1
1194 52 12 1130
- - 100 4.4 1.0 1 94.6 % 1194 56 12 1126
Zth1J - - 4 100 4.7 1.0 94.3
1194 46 6 1142 95.6
S 100 3.9 5.
1194 80 16 1098 &iIJ 3A 5LJI 3JJLiJ J'5 %
6 100 6.7 1.3 92.0
1194 278 24 892 7
100 233 2.0 74.7
1194 60 36 1098 8
100 5.0 3.0 92.0
1194 82 34 1078 I c*bjJài 9 100 6.9 2.8 90.3
J~fl .4'y 3Jjt cu~iI Z,aL,- 5U J (4) JUi
L zJ c.~JI ,aJd i3 3t i, sZfl
L5 344 L 3U2fl 3 LS J3UJI j JJJlj )3WJ cJji JLC. J
4>-j L JjJ4I 3 ($jJi j3 jji
ftè cil J3 -i) JJ'
k"4I L- JI
tii, 2 j . jJl4 £ JSZi cSJt?*U LJl
Cil-j4 3iIy Cj) 5 L jiIy) (~J) LLI 'Jl
'3 3
I}1 jS'M 1l :(5) Jj1S-1
aJltM JlpI £fr 0.45 5.9095 1194 ct.jS3 lOj Lo- 1
1.04 5.6030 1194 2
1.16 5.5477 1194 3
1.14 5.5176 1194 4
1.07 5.4506 1194 caL.) 5
1.29 5.2965 1194 ZZulj 6
1.40 5.2513 1194 L.i) j iIjbjJ.,ai 7
1.46 5.2345 1194 8
1.69 4.4841 1194 ,±Lp J-ail 9
1 .1Lii 5 L9IPI C5 *A- Z131k. CJ11I 3
a a-aa flJ .LUL j9JIg SJI .
4.48 b J2 yII c &LLJ, ),U
:1- p- ___
:L>3I a.,LU Cjb-;-ala13 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 13
¼rlJStI
c rai-Ij j J i a !3LA JA
Lt-! ..Ls4 Ci) JJ' >ii J ç yu iLa,-1 jj)Jl U
.(6) Jj-L-l / L?'t ij HjkL>JI jj~Jl 3' yLJ (T.Test)
(T-Test) jUl 1 : (6) J,pL$
(y4-Ij sJI) y .4-1 4,) s ,td La>- zriJl ,7.ui
:i jJ$ c.' jJ :JJi jpdi >c 7,5Wl
ULa.,.-I
Sig. 2
(tailed)
c4 LJLI
4JW Z44JI
() ZJ 4I
J6 J. 0.604 1192 0.518 48.19 578
48.38 616
J6 i 0.58 1154 0.544 48.16 686
48.37 470
Zib ,.i 0.96 1192 0.048
48.28 872
WI 48.31 322
L,La-'J -S c4d U, Jt) JJ U
LJ3&ki )L "J JS }1 >JJI ,fl 3 u
u' 1 k&I UL1.t.J1 ..SgJILAJl LAJ
2- 1-1-13
3Li3 idI uc c r 3L
.(7) JU-I .S Lth JJ2 LI g1 Z4L-''I ttui
(ANOVA) t' • I aLziI JJ2 (7) JjJ-I
ta&, jjci ir11 J. jj yAM
FL$ ~eL~jl Ail
0.098
Ulz 1.864
78.965 5 394.823
42.361 1188 50325.404
1193 50720.228
(7)
31 O.05 ) 1.864 ZiU "I ciL
,ctti 'ktr L.::ij 4C JJJl,,U J
aJ.Jj C -2-2- 1 — 1 13
J-i SJi 3>W
Li5 ISL, ?LLCI Ui3 5U2J kr Jj) c
-- j1aJ I.L4LJI, LA &la,aJI :Las
r11 ¶.&L* jUj çjyiil oi U ZSLa-I Jj}
ZiLaI 3j J.c L.L.il cLkCil . ,± JJ J
.t.6LI J J-I
zLa-y; 3i LI J-y -LUJI
(8)3j41 } Ls-'l Li.A C.aàjj JjJ
ZSLa,-'I Al 2i'tU (ANOVA) I-JI JJ2 :(8) JiL;
WI 415-1J Wj jJ; ZJ Lt-'
N.th - Fza
181.648 4 726.593 PC.
0.002 zLWI 4.320 42.047 1189 49993.635 -
1193 50720.228
yrj (8) Jj41
.0.002 ) Jb Li 4.320 ZUJ
j}3l .p~- iL~tS (Post Hoc Test multiple comparisons-LSD)
1: (L.i.~3l pLJI zJs bl ):LJ-1 cAU
.(9) Jj41 L# :jUL ,aj
Ii
h44JI c.aLa 4 g.a.aajiJ &I A..alL 1sJ &I,aJI La
Y'-' 1 (9) Jj41 Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
J3$ ,ck Uj JJI JJPtU LI 3j, J'LU
51g. Std. Error Mean
Difference 4LCiI 4C31
.000 .61122 -2.4268
.000 .75263 -2.6338
.008 .74825 -1.9956 4.JI
.003 .75042 2.1982
US !a1JL jj} y-j (9) JU- cLkta
(ZMJI ,WI JSI th) :/i Ji LJ~il LJ3U, (
S LJ2U, 3 Js oi J..u, eL.l) j3Sjj Jytl;
& ZW ciUa4l ji ,, 46.2143 &LiI ZJ5 i5k.b cjLb- k j a
(10) J,J.-I
.JI M}1 .iI JJi jr11 ) fi,,iI e'JI : (10) JU-I
iY-
6.47010 48.8481 158 JI 1
5.66611 48.6411 574 2 6.75295 48.4125 160 Z.X,4jl 3
7.58180 48.2099 162 4.JI 4 7.82891 46.2143 L 140 Z t.,Jl 5
,LOI,'JjUIè t- 44I )L JJ JI US
Jl aL 'U a--' inJ qiS&I .UjJIlILaJ
za,-"i Z4J ;i; Jstz 3,$c .0 RW3TW ZJ,.
.La'-)tS ç lJZiJ i
ZLa>i 3j)i LU 4è3 l o JLI J 1 yj L51O s. JS( >,J i) Jji ,,JJ afl
LJ3U L5 J jJI J)I c5j çp j iI UIJaO
1221113
) Ji .}1 La>-'dl LjyiI CASC4 LJ~2 j.,4
&jJ 'L e JJSLs1S
•( .j)S JDJJJi >4JJ
(&1-I y aT cJ fi,j o4) Jj'J iJI c.sj 4
(ANOVA) L.flc,aLJIJJ2:(11)JjJi..I
JJ'I sil AJI .J( :d L 1,-'J ZLa,I j)iI J'JJJ
cA4C3I J4 U (41A
F ZgLa-I -
..390 A I CC I .JU.I
I
L.Y9
LAP
.109 1.896 .206 1189 244.670 -
246.231 119 246.231
dl,a 3-aa-a pJ &i 4.t.2J14 &Ia.aJI LaJ
J l} ') -'-' r J--' &
41.896 LtJl JiA Li uA
.I)I cA4-1 bi U. .0.05 $ya j 4OJ U La~ J'LUJ
J J J&rJ-t JJJ Y J ISZ
% 99.95 ) - (5) J,JL ,) ZLU-I oJ.A .JJI J 1 3 L U..,
—J, 3yt.e.
22-2-1-l-13
:4j.a.0 &63.0
jWl.t s b
3, ),U JJt i JJI JJJ ii-1) Jj'Jt il y
(ANOVA) Lii Ul J4a: (12) Jja-1
iti$ SU.:Jl cc aAi; yl A4i L-; 3&M' 3'tii a9.4ii L Ui,, J;
F z.J '?' J 'JI .tJI La.JI -
3.041 4 12.163 ft
.025 2.786 tb)I ti 1.091 1189 1297.666
119 1309.829
UL-i ZJb (12) J,,J.1 J5k
zaS is.A a a--- J LjI a.AJI Ln
L (_jJfl 4LZ J-i yj .0.025 L5y- ci
çyiLJJ
Post hoc Test inultiplecomparisons (LSD) c$--'-
.(13)J..4-I )s-''I W cUw La-'TI j,)iI Za,à
jJJI,Ls-'I :03) J,,.ã-I Post hoc test multiple comparisons (LSD)
4.u~i; Ui J. ôkiI UL-'!; j,,aii N-U
ZYtiJ Std. Error Mean
Difference JUI .sUI
.055 .09847 -.1892
.003 2jb
.12126 -.3611
.011 .12055 -.3056 f.4w
.022 .12090 -.2768
JLxJl 3j)JI 3I (13) J3iJ-i
c :U~
.03) Jj4I3-' LJ cJa>- dI cj1k jU L- s ±51 px
(14) J3 4-1 ) jLk,fl oiz ___ Z.nl~
J.
SJl .a..s pJ bgJI LVla JessJI, &dSJ a.sJI
ii JJI Lo Jj-: (14) JjALI
- z.LcJI yAi Ui (oi3,p iu z..u,ii zii p
- .k4i .3I
1.00278 5.7468 158 .94102 5.6914 162 2 .96406 5.6625 160 Lss.diI 3 1.02693 5.5749 574 ZdI 4 1.32809 5.3857 140 5
1.0478 5.6030 1194
J 3-- y 1 4a&r.tJl .?5w 31(14) JJJS pO
31 )lu Jl
c,.LJl J 5.74 i-L ç) çtLJ! ç1 J 5.38 ZAJJl
bI cU~ vr Y AA JJS L-j iUJ Jl
.u.i1 Lu L,4l3 .p-j IjAj
H31 L.4IJ 3-di fl
31 u~ Ul i J
oLj ilj 3y U~ c...JAk
,a c$ij 0 Jl j
'J_5 LA5LJI Jpi 1 ö5&- JUx J Zj 3Q
Li&, aaJ ±JJ5 J3 th y
.3jJj iiL ;U-I J LW- A1 Jd
aL 46 a.a 1pJ SI LUL 1g4dI SJI .gall
3siawi .in- 3 -2-2-1-1- 13
J ..3kkJl cU ) cA 2 JLa~ j}
( ifl (15) J.,il L s JIJ W A-'fl J 3i LAJJ~il LPO)' j'Jj) Jj jytiI 7a Jfl a:JI cLS4
(ANOVA) I.
JWI ..UI J1I jLt. -'J ULa,-"J3 3j)ii aN.Ai
;_..U4 UWi.4 3,& p t&,)
F " tr' yUI
1.048 4 4.190
.526 1.310
.799 1189 1557.941
119 1562.131 I
)Pis.uiLa.>-Ji)3j;
LJJIJi1 Aj 0.526 LUil ui -Jul li
5&kil 31 a .0.05 L5 it ;
.zi iii CJJJI C? A' ubJ1 iMfrj
ILILI_ 4221113
C? Cail .) }T L4y
1,.3 3,i Jt
uiJ k& .L-.iULf 4.aJI L
çt"JJ cj Hj3t I4ci -ii % 94.3 3I (5) JJ..I
41I)I L4J1 3W j.Lj .ifl Uyàiy 4.7 yLP! JJLCLUJ 2Ua1J
ZJLa.4 3j} )jj JUJI JLN1 3'J US 3W Zi
1 ç/d UCi LU LuEZ, I US
(16)J,LI)an .zJI
(ANOVA) I- t L3I JJ2 :06) Jj.U4
&J J1 C9.3I 4Lw-)fl c ail 4itAi
.-I U~JI Ui 02t6B fi j sW Jj)
aNth F
- in
9.292 4 37.168
J .000 6.963 1.334 1189 1586.611
zau 119 1623.779
Lj U'il• :A3 41jL,a,I L)yt y>j (16) J.U- I J5U.
z,J .1} Z1k4 z,, &J, A ziL-'H 3j)iI L?' Uj 3 40.00
.CAfl A
y 'iI 3u LJI 1& ai Zi j4
(Post hoc Test multiple comparisons) LSD
L JiJ .LJL1~i kil La L'di
Zrz, I US
AJI eA 4a.èyo j Ji
.AU a- pwS&1 Llk 4.tJI, I 9aJI LaJ
Ji jLCI :(17)Jjs4.I Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
u, y; UI LiLa 3jMI JtU
Std. Error Mean
Differenc
.000 .10889 -.4962
&t_tjI 7JjA -
.000** .13408 -.6485
.000l .13330 -3439
7000*** .13368 1 -.4768
:ra J1 LL5..5k6 S1ij}j(17)Ji$.t,,
(18)3U1 JJJJ..I L iLa.,-'l ( J> y4J
.(18) Jp-1 )i .Jl U SJS i) L1 QLJ-I cAk4
jj .'.o xJI Jj- :08) J,i.41
4 Ui j (Z2UaU 45,!j jL Ji,)
L4i .tJI JL
1.06315 5.5819 574 1
.88453 5.7342 158 2
1.80919 5.0857 140 3
1.02690 5.6296 162 4
1.09709 5.5625 160 5
1.16666 5.5477 1194
un1 Q'S&I AJI.rLa
ü? ç C)W.jiI L J 3 (18) J3
LJl a 3 .L1 ),1J 4JL0 3j ZJi
,. S
sUM sjJ 3j L ) Si .(LSD)
eJ 3 b'I :Us W &J-5 5U6 jj
tifl Lj JI UuiI Lao JSb ~rj .th3
Jj cW tt LP Ls
sai- 5 -2-2-1-1-13
'j j Ji j aiu 5&J jfrJJ LjStt
LLJ LaS j tLz-I L>JJ 3;UiI JQ. tQiiU
Z~ )tJi I,'JI J~L .,k3J j 3L 3,SZ, ' ç.dJ e'dil
•7 ) 1s Jj .±SJZ2W pLt,-'I j LJI j..,iI ) c&,~JI r"j &kiI *'L, 53 ç it'-) r4W iJI PL, L.
.5kJ ,tsJ ,4s\'3
c,<il jj:&i 'ilfl 33S % 95.6 Si (5) J3.-i
U Wj .% 3.9 sJ j jI ft
L,-3B jAj L5:J3CiI JU
)ULil 3} :L iJI
3Ln
(19) JFJ-1 -e flJl _9 ziL,n -'jl jJ JI ZJ'tLJ jUJ
&IaxaL a- a- - pJ :iS5JI La L1g.aJIgaSl I.Lj
(ANOVA) 1 Z~JUI JJ2 :(19) JjJLI
Lr Lit ).p .4 IIJ1 LSLaaI çjj,Jt N43
a4 a Wj(cL- ). ay4j .5UI C JJL p.i)
zJ'tth FLJ 4LI xJI
-
20218 4 80.871
P~.Lpj-~'
.000 Y 18.567 3b 1.089 1189 1294.714
119 1375.585
0.00 ) UL>-I ;Jl. 3.,) -, (19) JLI J%;-
&2 j- ) yjU. ~ Jad (3LL) .LtJI c L Lr- LL<Jl L
(20) J,4i ç) t cj, j U~Ji
; :(20)Jj..U.4
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
jLLC3 ,4 Uij 7.tLi Lii Lds.4..J5&k)I -j pa ULa,-"JI 3,th Ni
ZJtUI j.. Std. Error Mean Difference Q*4U4 .cJl
.000** .09836 -.7794 Zi
.000 .12112 -.9137
.000" .12041 .6750 .0()0*** .12076 .12076 -.7929 L.A4JI
jfrMiU L495L1 ) *L<is
(21)Ji-}1
(jiOJiI ,\JJ)I btJ cUazc 31Z4 J :(21) Jj..LI
cis ,?Wj (cL.- js. ,op-Sj )AJI jjt.eJJ Ø' JJL jaAi)
L4I J;tC; Il
.94054 5.6709 158 Z..jJI 1
.83779 5.5500 160 L.Ail 2
.87103 5.5366 574 - 3
1.10266 5.4321 162
1.72527 4.7571 140 5
1.07380 5.4506 1194
L U&, Ak$I JI ot (21) J3i- 3J
&AW LJ3UO Cy JJ U~
j 31
J .cL- cS3 d j1c Li L >i.0
US 5U0 33 ii J 3! (LSD)
C C-, u 3 Zr
jiI zilath
ti &L,oy ,z40.w
a LLaL..JI S,JIaaAJI
-6-2-2-1-1-13
y _OiI Jt Ua j JJJI JJI cj 33fl2U .'J ji
sJ 3 jaa JQ JjLfl uA SaZ2U2JIJ 4L.4iS
3iU UiI U- Ji '( WJIJ ZLJJJ J\J 3). 5Ui 3;UJ i)
J c0i,1 5U
7 U 2t.2 3 Z4i3 L cL'dl }Ij. a 3u Lii IJJra
2WJIJ ) .3Lii, ZiWJ c)i LzU L1J çt#-O ,1kfl i , .Zakfl ) L,.J JUi aj ~i
3;UU JJJI 1i .il3 LC u LkW u> 3k,il AL A ZiU2J ZLJJI ) LU .U,3J1 i3.i3l3 S,LI 3~)
ZJI
3jJi ZJ }1 % 92.031(5) J Ji 1&JI % 6.7 Z jA 4, .ZAthfl Wil
LJ5U2JI 3 .O1Jk) Oj .aj &4f0 JI oi L*j 4-3.di i 3j_ jt.*
.ZU4, iii c-'jJi i! C? )ji4
\iUlJJ Lz--k I JA 7JL J.4:y
.(22) J3iJ-1 ) Ls'Ji U. Lk cJi
1:
46 a- uinJ &I a)JL4 JIg LJI agaJI LaJ
(ANOVA) '; )I J44 :(22) J341
7 LJI .UI )se *JI ULa,w'JI jj)J 2J'jJJ
.4tI jU.0 yA4 (cL 5I zU
ZJtAJI FLJ •1I JI
5.575 4 22.299
.010 3.357 jj&)UI 1.661 1189 1974.746
1193 1997.045 4AUaiIj
3b i 3.357 & L-,11 LUfl z.afl L
.t4U3 L 3 Q.OlO ç5j A jLa,I
- "JI LJJI cLL<U Ui 9 5U2iIiYA41 i
4Z3'LUI cAS LLa-' 3jS 3k.0 ZiyJ LSD ckJ
.2Lz, i aza JiI (23) J3A-I
.sJI Ls'I :(23) J,iLI Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
JLJIJ5LU J\JJ
ZJtAJI 4 çj Std. Error Diff
Mean erence
.LJI Lr4 xJl
.013** .12148 -.3916 ;LAI
z iJ4uI
.035** .14958 -.4369 hJI 289 .14871 -3164 .013** .14914 -.4821
.SLaJ ZW **
sg.sJi aLn4b >nzj.sJ StJI .LU 4.tJsLJI,aJI LaJ
Ci ja JiJS La- Jb jj} y-j (23) J3U-1 J
J .J5U JJLi4 3;Liil .lji z: Js ?5W c.JA LJU cyj
55WI
CJLLJ ZLJI U 3di L..Oj 3j,i øJ i2
(24) J4 alt ck., .tj Jl l 35
j jJI Cil >a y.LJI £JI Uaj4 Jj* :(24) Jj41 ui,, (zaa6Ji
1.18454 5.4250 160 1
1.29972 5.3797 158 2
1.10194 5.3345 574 3
150178 5.2593 162 1 4 1.75381 4.9429 140 5
1.29382 5.2965 1194
•3 iU~i .k. L? ZJl US k üT (24) J3j..4- J L.)5W 31 Z1i-5W L-) 31 l j .5YS 3;u 'ire
ç'z iw Wii aau , fil 5Ui 3;W jil zJi us
jdIj 3JI ZIU±JL 43 )sa oJ4j 5U
5 z;wiun zii &t&
I 1
-
7-2-2-1 - 113
'I JK! }51j LSl JK.Z1 I.SPl
..L*ij .J..L1ith ZJyJI jj j 3LSI L5jJail ja.il
Ji 3-°J L5J Uj, )j øL"JI
LJI US 4iiL.Jt )L.4 Ui .)t L5.0 çJJ JiS L.JS 4:-j.)
ZaJS l)1 Lb- c ti (LrlLp J I> aii) : L,L %23.3 31 Z1SUI $JI ,_(t j 3,LAL r- 74.7 31 I
o12"Jl
1c,Lz) IJWE Ls-1 5y4 L.Lil cULii
(25) JJ.Ul J JL>-' IA
(ANOVA) I.'
Cf LJI US 31)1 LL-'J 2L-' 3,)JI iti
L.tl LLQ ,a ui,
zrtAiI FLJ .111 LJI .eJ
8.823 4 35.293 0.015 (is 41)
3.090 2.855 1189 3394.904
1193 3430.198
:z.Ji 3, J' .:AS 3j)j (25) J jJJ..I 3'
cS 3.090 ZiWl Lail L
a. —.paj &IA L,21JI,Ai& AsJI
j 0.05$j a
J'ilW ULa,-'J1 ZN..Ui oL U
(26) Jj41 j
j-41 Ls'1 :(26) JjJ.4-1
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
U~Jl .eA IZIJ LJI xJI Lc .OUait jU4 pj ULa-I jj))I UtQ
Z3tJI j55..4 Std. Error Mean
Difference -
.018** .15181 .3604
&Js
j .008** .15928 .4230
.195 .15033 .1948
.031** .15106 3266
zJs 'U' 1, L (26)
JJl (27) JJ- ct L& 3
J- k-aç k3j
LsJjiI C'diI JJ'.4 y LJI xJI Us..stc J.i- :(27) JLI
- I IkjJai)
1.52828 4.6516 574 1
1.79751 4.4568 162 1 2
1.74309 4.3250 160 &,.i11 3
1.80694 4.2911 158
1.97226 4.2286 140 5
1.69566 4.4841 1194
41 J-P 4JyJI US 5W £fr 31(27) J3U L,U 4 4.6516 &
zs Us 5W jp J U Ji 1L W
31 ;$9i3 3i,jJ 3rLU UJ ICJ
H lij
.3)ILAy±3ijy LL. )l y -jLzL
Jja.-1 t.3} jJS Z5La-il 3,JS oS Li S (27) J,i41 Liaaj
L (26) Jjj-- -l t..3}T 3I dth (27)
L5 Jl
us' L-I3U2J Z1jL.J
s.4 4 j.aJ 4P+ Lr44 js Jg _•L-lI 1aJI AaJ
8 - 2 - 2 - 1-1-13
dl ) Lt JLJ i Lj~y jUa
74à L Lul LS..d 5J ji *L.J'I çt.7 .U3
c~fl , Jait) :zbJ; JLSJI LiU
1 3 jiily 92 31 (5) J JJJ.-i
y- iij aJ I}T cLH C kLa>- iI JSJ &4j
.(28) J3
(ANOVA) J2.JI 3LJ JJA :(28) Jj U- I
JI Jse z:.3i .)IjiS c4 ti La-'jI 3JJ I z3 'j
Ls (jL Jc J.a1)
ZJ'L,JI - £.4p
ZSLa,-'JI
.424 4 1.697
.931 5
.213 1.991 1189 2366.926
1193 2368.623
I i, )AJI tJ1 ZLa>- cu) p-j kc (28) J.i4.-i pS
4 O&3I y j 1ib L51di J.y 'J j U ).c Ata J~J rk3I Ls't
-i i I
JIz.sL.4 ags id ut6iI LUL *..iIe ii aJI L
.i - 9-2-2-1-1-13
LJljjU Jxj ) LF L iI eL
.jiW cAl > J..ai :& a3 kiI
j ). ,iiI 3J.LaL % 90.3 3 (5) Jj.-1
% 6.9 Ij_ • t.1I ) ZL4JI IcLtJ j_J ) ).iJI i jsT aikJ;
3r a. .1}t tLa-'Jl j,)Jl .S j4 yj JS JL js' j; ç iJ (29) J3 iJ .L s ,AU23I
(ANOVA) Ja,.41 LdI :(29) Jj41
yUI c .JI .iJ( -') La'-')l Jj,th ZJ'JJJ 5
MtI UC3I j.4 Ui3 J
F z.J tfl - J,th jjail
1.879 4 7.516 02
.481 .870 2.159 1189 2566.822
J -b
1193 2574.338
ai j JI l) 1A-i3Zi-5&iI 3fl 3(29)JJ 'in
i j La,.- U'J..W iMi tJ y 0/181 &LJI Li c..L .JL
paJ
j 3 ii
Wik :j zu3iiia
•, Jy- 3jy Qat jj , J, cAiii6dl
21t1J, 10 -2-2-1-1-13
ULa>- JI Jj) y-j jJI _ii--a )s L-'-1 Clj S'I
.LT) jJt )JPLI f 3.4 '3 41CJ ,.~k L,
LJ5W -4- c5 La,-' jiok 3 4JI LAJ -S cj .(>,il (6-5--4-2) zag
zL- )i1 Z..kJ ZJL, JyO çk 31(30) JiU 3~fj
• >ai JP
JJ. I jjp-JU 3L-J (30) J341
1~JI 1At4, LL-'J J)Ji J'i
- 1
"LP IiL'll 2
- ltlf,3jLc3,JJj 3
U j ~JJJ, 4
lJ 5Ui )fr .AiCiAt41 5
Sj3,L5UI3;Wf! j 6
7
8 - 9
46 ..a tJ IuULi j.rJIgASgJI asJI 4aa4
UJJ, 4aJ4JI US .AU, 31 (30) Jjj CAJLU ,Q .Lc j iU
&Lzil i
LS cjlJ~iI zj
J&) i
J Lf) cijJU 4Jydl 4S.5WJ JiUth jkfl LS Ji Ii 3L
3ri L& 4A y.tJI L.J3U 3sj ZU2iI dkco
.U' Zk.a La L-U ±AJ 3j~a .&j .)l2jiJ rg;Vj Js ZSUaU
jj.tsAl jJI 3.4 4*jJI US J5Ual LCjO CJ. 9L,a- U) 7
Lai 3~ JJI 31 ciLiI ZW t3LaI J'il..AJ1 J1l GZI U US 1.5U, Ss- 5&JI JJn4..d
t,ai (i3Wk, Z1U 3;Ui fJ,) LJ cJl
31 ZU2U US 5U,
.3 jlj i.LU çt4PJJ 3.4 3SS LaJIJ ZU2U 'il,J 3,S - ..b-
-aL41 hPJ%4lS9JI VsdIg.&Ia.aRL=
Wi lUi ZISLaU ø'jll LSi d.JyJt US &tJ
.iU g LJ)fl Js3d,
Z4- ;ui, ,U 11 7 Lb Liai (ZJI Us) .oult 31 tai
.ZJ3 Z1I S 1s.
'!Jiã -3-2-1 -1-13
:(4,iãJi s1bH) jitl ,aMJ 06
Al L? c-JUJI tt,4 Jl cALil ic U UU
Li Wit IL,ai t cIJ j.pU .iL.t~
.(3i)Jl fl
(ANOVA) h i JJ1 :(31) Jj4
.'i .s,ii LL-J a' -)II 3AJI Utu
ZeL4- J—A1 Jjl jj..,41 j a
NaJI Fz.J ulal
122.188 3 366.564 0.035
2.879 42.448 1176 49919148
1179 50285.712
aS4 4J >a .&caiai,pS&l La4 *aq g..SgJW,a
J_9 9 W )s 1J1 J3} (31) Jj-A-4
Jb Li 2.879 ;4WI Liii W L'- LJL
0.035
(.iLAr ) LS.LJI 4_,_à9 UL.t~1
(32) J$ 'I Za,èjj
:(32)JjuLl Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
I Ui 5&]ail ULa,- j)JI ZNAJ
51g. Std Error Mean Difference -
ZJb 034. .59432 1.2623 3
JJIJi tibOl8. .67595 1.5990 4
iii1O. .43487 J018 2
Zr t:ro L) J1 CUI LJ5U 4.—I U_ 9} (32) J3iJ..i J...oy
cd ZsL-'l j,)il J n2 ZI)I 3cJ1
.(33) Jj -i it;L.AJ ij I.p.ajj ,ij Zc J<i iUaajzU
I6aaj,nJ LLL,1sJIa.sSJI aJI Lsa
:(33) Jj41
9aL4-I hJ1J.J! j91 t.$j Jj'JI jydl )Uz.0 3j o Jj
.iI "LLI ZI.J
5.69867 48.8446 502 1 1
6.93421 48.1429 406 2 - 2
7.09105 47.5823 158 3 3
7.45555 47.2456 114 4 4
6.53079 48.2797 1180
t j) }S ZJIj i JI 5W 31 W Z
Zll±i 4JI 1.5U, 'dJ )j
ca.tA LJIkJ &,sAL g.dl ,.jil 31 L5'- LL 3 (33) JJ W
2_ow JyjJl AlJ L ith .Z1i U
1 kSLa- j)il J.,-i LI~J $Jl r3 4jp.aJJ 4J~.fl
(34) J,4i .dl
ui_i &I. UL.sJI6iJI ILjs
•.(t11n J1tr -
Z.JI I)i Lb-' ULap-I 3JJ JI 2NiJ (ANOVA) L0 %J UI JJi :(34) Jj41
- Fz.J ~I 41 )JaU F
028 3.055 634. 3 1.903
1 208. 1176 244.212
000. 7.483 8.002 3 24.006 As.ii Ct j,j .,iu zii z. it
2 1.069 1176 1257.540 r41J.I
074. 2.316 3.044 3 9.133
bi4 ..uSiIua'çfJ 3 1.314 1176 1545592
099. 2.100 21835 3 8.504
~-OW " 1.350 1176 1587.645
**030 8.568 9.614 3 28.841
5 1.122 1176 1319502 LrLJ.!3
**017 3.393 5.679 3 17.038
Ja)kJjWJ 6 1.674 1176 1968.332
251. 1367 3.951 3 11.852 2.890 1176 3398.575
315. 1.183 2.366 3 7.097
8 2.000 1176 2351.632
785. 355. 774. 3 2.321 2.178 1 1176 2561.900 r,ilJb
Jj:L,Z) }y La -1JUJ )iI 3 (34) Jj 4
Jj) )j Jj S;
•It....
1 - 3-2-1-1-13 -
;Jul JJiil cJJ i ( &1t1 —o-b JJI U;
3.055 (i) ..i .nkL Aij LJ3U2J LJLI>i LJLa,-i JJ Ll LjLs r LiI .0.028
(LSD) AsJ yLJI
JI JLD-'I :(35) JjiL;
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
Z...4 -I 1.4a..J! ,4 ui, Ji sil )se tSLa.-'I 3J)JI ZitsJ
Sig. Std.Error Mean Difference
**003 04728. 1428.- 1
ZI,iIJ 04830. 1219.- 2
**030 05600. 1219.- 3
4IiI ZJI LJ5W Jb La,-I U3) (35) J3U-i L,,y
J'dth Oi I LiU~ 3P4 343 .4i1thj L)J
(36) J,-I } sil Li Sfr
Assa,a1 4b —a &IAaUL,sa aS &t a4,sJI L
JJ43 . Jj'I 3)tia JjJo'- :(36) J,L
L.A 4J1 ,4 Ui (L Lr
J1.$I JIyCi Jt J_L
34519. 5.9323 502 1 1
39712. 5.9114 158 2 2
38748. 5.9113 406 3 3
93576. 5.7895 114 4 4
45689. 5.9085 1180
azU l.cj;j }i LL j~ )l cJI 5&6 3 (36) JjJ ct
si 3j .3k)i JJJI L ,Ji) .JS .,5k6 313 44A >.
} - 4Jj JS .'5Uø Lc oLPJI
cS_fl -?' ---- i-t .5.9323
L5I
tcux; J1 .3;,sc .i /i l3 J LJ5W 3t Z.: r Uji ,>
r2j tj Ji Uz )s
t?
t &Oi&&ll _____ - 2 -3-2-1-1-13
j, (,,$ JI ). .Iib.i) Wi x.JI ) 7.483 (Li) 4 JLdS j3iii
J-1 .0.00
.(37) JJJ..4-I j ca,èjj (LSD) LSkftJ 3L 3.14
0I.L4JI1aLA
I
5sJ1 }.s-'JI :(37) Jj4 Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
a9Jt4-I €4J; ,J4 Jjl JUI Lii ZLaI jj)iI UtU
51g. Std.Error Mean Difference
_.au..1a_.JI
10729. 4485.- 1
yi **000 10961. 5065.- 2
**004 12708. 3640.- 3
lLa.J Zh **
y i)I aJi ZJb ULa-J U3) (37) J3 W Ly
.NUI alA atCl t2~I w3
.(38) J,J.-i ) Lii lA &P Lb.-'Ic&a J&i
JJ'I ir11 y JJ'I UI U2tç ,}ao Jj.-: (38) JjiJ.-1
JLU jI3,Ci L.44-I J; J_L
1.02217 5.6414 502 1 1
89627. 5.6995 406 2 2
84079. 5.5570 158 3 3
1.62327 5.1930 114 4 4
1.04258 5.6068 1180 osiI -
gS1I aaa.,a J SI L1UL, IgJRaaJI
Jl, J3'Jl) JJJ l.Ji 5W Ua 3 (38) J,.4I ,2
J,, ZULJJ z...U-i 3j .isJl) k
c*9Jl L)L Lr Y J .L LcC )LJi J L4
)J'
'aJL - 3 -3-2-1-1-13 N • e
(cL,- 5Ul j Ji iL yt) j U-i SJ J Jb Lej 8.568 (U) Z.,j .4 J LJLl1 iLsfl 3)il
.0.00 n.
.(39) Ji4.- j ±. ca,èjj (LSD) ç tsJl 3LJ I JJA
$Jsni ,)U-'I :(39) Jj.s4-3
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
4t441 hJIj.JI 4 UJ JJI jy'ciI 3.4 j 4 bJI Js JJ)J :rtu
Sig. Std.Error Mean
Difference - **000 09663. 3545. 3
**000 10990. 4469. 4 **005 09932. 2774. 3
Uth 001. 11228. 3698. 4
Cr° nJl i,} .-, jJl
,Lo cj jt J4 i U41 yi k'-
cthJIL? tUa 4-a aa
kJI i aiI c Li 3t
.( cL,- L CJ 5I jXJ iL
.(40) J$i )
J,tl r11 y SJI thk...,ç.q 3 j Ii. JjJ.- :(40) J,sL; Js op-ij .5I jj AJ CiL y.)
A41 .4sJ$ ,i U
JJL43 JIpCJI 44-I JI
88349. 5.5697 502 1 1
96030. 5.4926 406 2 2
1.37929 5.2152 158 3 3
1.50598 5.1228 114 4 4
1.06941 5.4525 1180 u...,41
LbiI JJ'I) JJ'I c.Ay ii 5U cUa. 31 (40) j ,J L.-i Lis 3IJ4I LS . J)IJ thiI J c?4
LkJ Z4Ul } jJl jLaJI :,iI
'J L.0-I ZL2JI 31 : ; J.ca Z:I
($1 kiI w j kkfl
u1J pSgJI .L VLaaJI, ieS,JI liL
Abi&wAij 4-3-2-1-1-13 • 4
3;Ui L/J LJI tJI ). L-JLi U4 JU..I
Ifl LjU
iLt~l j4 c>., .0.017 ) 3.393 (U) L,i c.1, x, cabjj (LSD) sJI LJl JJA Ls-I jL-'1 yLJI a,i
.(41) JiJ.-1 j s.Jl ,Ls'I :(41) 4, 3,41
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
u ji u y LJI xii ).p ZwjLa-"M 3J)JI Zi1Ljj
Sig. Std .Error Mean Difference .AJ-I JI ZLJI
**016 08635. 2086. 2
010. 11801. 3037. 3
**003 13422. 2373. 4
y4 )) c Jb Li) y-j Ld JJ>I
() J3.-I L# wil LL U-"ji c.J JtAJI
aJI iisaLs .4 paJ ,SJI JIaJL4LjJ
JJ dI Y r4ti sit .iUaj.c çjt.ta Jj.s,- :(42) Jj.IA.1
9at4-t .AjJt j2 Ui,
~Wl
1.06763 5.4303 502 1 1
1.30152 5.2217 406 2 2
1.60705 5.1266 158 3 3
1.64493 5.1930 114 4 4
1.29767 5.2949 1180
y~à 5Jj l JI '5th kta 3 (42) JxJ-1 2
Z-1 3,)il U, Jti1I ) k,-J 9
&.W LS .Zi-5kJI 5AiJ1 CJUafr 3uj ,3;' ZJ U0
bi o- 4j L S. "I Z>JS US3 5&JI 3J U
' L.. Z1UJS j)3 'J oU. ziutiu z.k; L.W ZIUth
7a flpj6 '! 6fjj-5-3-2-1-1-13
1(4bjU sbH) jjkf &6wll
11 jj.t4-)J ( ç 'jiI c-L..fI) JJii JJU
a .w .a1-
I .4ail
iJ IVL ,sJI1 4a.S4JIi4sJI Laa
J W WI U
• A! lS rW 3U c2 çi,ai cllS
)7t.4J1 acLt4Jl j Li J
.(43) JJ4
:Jj jyU4JL1øj .o :(43) JiLI
Zaa14 A.JI J4 Uij 431ij ULa, 3 aii th
)Lai 2Ji
)Jli cilj.Jt ** c~J jl,j
**
- r
- Uj3,CUJ&, t
** 5kJI C,iL e
** •1.
-
- IJJJI A
A"I too "' ttai_'tt,i Jja &j - 2 - 1-13
:(4h#U atn) Ji!
5kbll c.W-jj 'J' Y tSi L?La>Y Jt C Li4J ZULt Jh
.(2 /43) Jj4l L
pJ tS&I kIa1ISai
N tfl t IA Ø
iF i i ?' "3 43 43 43 L
4 * p3) 3
4 J
I I t I I I I I I 0
••_} F I I I I I I i p
I I I I I I I I I
r- N I r (N N I I
sJIasLs 46 ane ,pJ .SgJl .LaL 4 g.JIg S4JI aâJtJs
LJJI t )9U Li (2/43) Jl
5La'-1 J JJ J •)J•.••J Sj; Si) Lu- L4, LU-1 AJS3 LLJ
3Jl 5Ai6 31 JJJ 3. aj .>jJ c'JjiI jy.
ZP 7.J I~ UJ- Z.J..JI LJ~) AZC jk
4, Wi
13
crit4 Jj.) LiJSA } JI LLi3-Qfl UJI L4Ji &IJ
ZkUI L>I Zil, ,asL.klI :LA2 Lj,J W4.. (3j Uc3
JASJI øiZ kc Lf:il W-I LcIc 5thll
- 4J,4J cjU> JpJl )J - C_ S3J ZII
(44) Jjk-i L. caUl JS
LLM J L;JJI
JI aLs .46 aaa 1paJ t6&ia 4J'jJ .44aJI 3:
- ii. •,.tJI J.Ji4JI! 43JI 4LI j.a
:W$ ,y.J.t :(44) Jj4l
z.ujs z,ii
1194 210 12 972 .4 2tkU 'J)! 1
100 17.6% 1.0% 81.4%
1194 346 14 834 SJI Lb-iI zi,aU c,ii 2
100 29.0% 1.2% 69.8% %
1194 162 18 1014 w 3
100 13.6% 1.5% 84.9%
1194 90 16 1088 LJJIt,ZkthLi1.1 4
100 7.5% 13% 91.1% 0/,]
1194 254 14 926 5
100 21.3% 1.2% 77.6% %
1194 214 30 950 -ej 6
100 17.9% 23% 79.6% %
1194 278 58 858 7
100 23.3% 4.9% 71.9% %
1194 37 27 1130 M 8
100 3.1 2.3% 94.6%
1194 49 36 660 9
100 41.7 3.0% 553% %
,-j 9L L}JL 3jiy 5kkfl 3 (44) J.id3 ZJtU
;i,Ji U0Jt aJLiI t ;ht,- 5ii JJj
uiJI iLJt kJ % 94.6
)-c i J sU JLM LP H Jt, -4 3! L.OkkiS y % 91.1
% 84.9 c4 c- C) 45AU2J JAi ki1-i -
.iuY -1 J,- 43il a,-U Li- -uS 3UJI
J~ 3JI 3 % 79.6
% 77.6 - ZULi
L4s JiE WJ 3 % 69.8 ,L - LJ ZJil J an ctji
sJa- cJ.- c>- (S-1 Lp.st.a 33.-LJI i ç5L -U .zi;
3 5thJI a °' 5yU
I-L- 3~j J 5U2J 1 L-L3 .5Ul w>-,
& ,oLiI Js. ;.s cAK 3 )2aL JI
.&yJ J-l j cC
1 - 2 - 13
J UI JW L -y (44) JJ-I J sJfl Jc Lr)hj ZoI4L iLa.-Jl Lz
,iJl L-NI W) Ziz1I AI ,it JL±<z...I
ZJ~J
a.c4 a gg..a psJ LLJi a &I adAil Laa
JJ2 - T-Test
Ua4 jya E'hI J.coZiL
1 1213
LrOLa ,-4i) 4'fl ZZW
(45) J3aJ } y (T-Test . yz)
(T-Test) tdS I :(45) Jj41
(,a1, sJI) J- A7.Aca ,$i Lafl ZYtU yJ
JI :Lth dI .MthiI cL1,-1 ) 43I
Sig. thil LSJI (2-tailed) 2).4 (c) z..J
.k...,11 2.klI
34.9066 578 JjS 00. 1192 -3.231
36.2435 616
35.9096 686 iI 04. 1154 1.977
35.0596 470 7a..
35.7477 872 itL.i ZJI , 23. 1192 1.200
35.1863 322 26 .1aJI
I
I NAN 4I as paJ cJi
(45) uj
£1 a- u) -1 :çI Ui 3I
1k1 Ui Zi&-3W 3,)il 3j Jx J U
,si Z-,i k,€JL71Ltii 2 Lu'i t- UI
.Jj5JJI L5.3J 34.90 36.24 U5U &L :JJSJJI &
Jt U 3j 3 J4l
,.US MU2i .kfr :s5kj ,sl Jfl &4SJJI :jL.thj JM1I
.05 JjsA.I )&D yà.t _5UU 35.1 35.9
j c.'LU LiL.:y 3,K
jJl LL C J 3i OJJ WLI3
yj Jl 3ii ZJ2i
& LLa jj)i
&ILVLij.cJIg g .flgaJI aUsJ
1 It
:1
gjjj-LJI i..j4g esISJI Li.Ij j a
J4 ai Wi r11 )UI CI :(46) JJJ.-
crr1 Lai ) Z4Jl LI a-j Ls >a Zai1
ZN (T) £ç sJ
**002 1192 -2.254 4.5848 578 , 5
1 4.7922 616 4
0.47 1192 708. 4.1419 578
2 4.0714 616 4.JUj
**004 1192 -1.987 4.7682 578
a)IIA.WI 3 4.9383 616
036 1192 415. 5.2561 578 , / LJ..pLJlWJIJL.,èj 4 5.2240 616
**002 1192 -2.296 4.3599 578 t 5 4.5812 616 UJ
**000 1192 -3.625 4.3806 578
Z.ajSJI4JJJlJPl7Sl)S3I4J~ 6 4.7435 616 UJ
1192 -2.721 3.9585 578
IJJ4JIJ4jt)4J95LVJ)JJ~.WJ 7 4.2435 616 .±Al
22. 1192 1.228 5.3841 578
8 5.3019 616 ±.Uj
0.07 1192 1.774- 3.4567 578 ,/ t j JI3j)i-)jJJIJSZ 9 3.6494 616
b U} (46) Jj J j j )Jl ci j (LJt3 aU. j tJWlj jJl Lii) :Z
Lth 7P 3 5 j<L,
(46)JL LL-i S4 J' )n) 2Ji
75ç 5JJ ,S JU)TI iaaj.z. 31.5 ZJ'AJI ib L.J- Jl ö
% 84 JJI LJ }i ZJ-I L4( JL ±.Ui r
jj .3 5JJ JJ % 78.5 JW Z,S -_JlZiUU 31 U'I
JW tiJi zJ4i 43 SUiI 3T LU"JI % 87.3 .iiui ii
-.M eJI od-A iJ 9682.4
JiLi4 4.b3J 4j4J .4
4* 9J I 4Cfl JLL 3 ±aU>I y % 78.9
3l LoU'D % 82.8 ,k Lii Lii y, .% 76.1
.% 76.1
J~2.3ljJI) L.5L'I J)JI 3kA >. % 74.7 .iJ1 ii-i,
.% 69.2 jW JJ-1 LJ LLu
)s 4, 3w3 'k4 LzJI oi
U- LC*I p 13 &e)W3 UU2i I cLi.>cJIj )0LQ ). ust.c1 .jUYl 3!
jj5dJ
31 ,cr,
s1k,il3L} .))SJJU Zi4 c L5-j-,S1 35 jii LJJU
1-1-2-13
cs j Y -i (45)
L LiA9 j.Xa) d Ui3 JUl
31 Ua4l üu ULl 7p .0.44 L5~~ ;Jb 1.977 tfl
-- 3j-4y j-4 3- jt &Lai * 33}Jt
7s't z,-..t z.Jis
J 7th ULàP ytlt
Js- 1 ZLi 33)J1 K. aJ JUS1I j iI - ) f
u.aiø.JI .ULai 0s
o
*
— 0 0
*
0' 0
*
0 P
*
0
*
0 0
*
0 -t
—
U, a
—
U, a
—
cr1 a
— •
w a
— — Ui a
— — UI a
—
IM a
— —
a
— -. L. a
i-s
— UI
a oo '0
9' 00 '0 '0
U) '0
o — — a
w 14 •
P o 00
00
'9
aa — n a000aotho -Jof
:~~O
oo'0o'0c\0o' 0o'00000o L -
'.1 to '!
¼ It-
tt—
41
1
'0 oo 14 m
JIaaL.4aan.. JI.LULjJI&IaøaJIaLj
UI3 5( J3U-1
L,LJ3 4Lt3 JJ ..tJ &) Lz>-'
.15Uil 33U1S5333} oiAj
kJiI i.,-3J .)4 3j iJl MkkiS
JiJI ca( 3 y - 4cL1iJ5 y 3A 3 L 6iI ,
.Zth 3i ZJ t44.1y JW
L3U2 j ° °YY' 75U2 y5i )5WJt L.5jJ JZ JIU &> JJJL OJ~AJS jJJl
3.1 Jill. 3.7 £J LL J ,aJ.- 5kkJI k..dtc :3iJ -,k Wl .k.M,. .
.l Li 4JL>-Ni NQU L UA3 j4l...oU2U
3&kil L
JLoJ L&U (7-6 -5-4) Ji J J'0I cA LLa>-)tS U
34 &u )LtJ øjjia Jp jJi j~) d)I Lii Ai :3.sJS
ZMil JP J4 3 ,ii Lr - Ji 'r
Lkdi LJI3 LJi uJI } dUJS -i t-J
z.05L'Ji ;3th3 5n2JI
cir j J y JI Ui J }51-9 41 5Uaii 31 J3Ji- c
L5t i*Ij 3J
.ztjojJi cij ak- J 3,iJl3 .L.ii
JJ )-I cLdl 3 S jJI
,cL-'!i y:ii t J.5J
paJ ILaJOJI9i,SOiIadAJI SaJ
.U&S4I -2 - 1 - 2- 13
(&à
j U.c -p, .Li,cj j, 5&ii Jily ) (,LJI
.(zU.-I .L1~JI, Z3i,.U) aiil is uai Lai
4JAC Jth JytU c c4AIl Jyi .(48) JU.- ) ZJI c...J&j CJWI b4 LiI
(ANOVA) la,,41 JJA :(48) J3.4-I
t1 J Jth dI js. 44.J }i M-') ;:La.- JJJàJI NJJ
cU.5riI L*.oU-I Z.JI
4ttiI ksp A-> Fz
813. 395.
20.350 4 81.399
51.561 1189 61306025
1193 61387.424
915. 173.
8.918 3 26.755
51.476 1176 60535672
1179 60562.427
057. 2.150
110.099 5 550.496 cdl
51.210 1188 60836.928 cracilJ -i
1193 61387.424
pJ LL.aJL4.adIg JW.aJISnsJ
Jjt1I LS ) 2jL 3) ,-, (48)
\J L5 a 3 .Uii\>W W ,2Jt i±SZfl :I1 U63 jajl
L.i3U2il LI 7 JJ>fl
a4 j >t_aj U0u Ji y .LS U ,4
(2/48) J'--1 U .
A4441 a- a-,' uflJ .Laaj
- I N) fli Tw- ..a a — ft
I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I C, •
at I
* i 17 * •E * •E * .& * i
*
I I I I I I I I'
k
Vi I I * Cr
* C
* I Cr
* I
U-- C
*
'?; !
_ _
9sJI .6 J gSJI ULJIa.A&I.sJI LJ
L4S3 ,.J-I Lcr j jU c5 J± ø5P JjAJl J5 3a
JJ ç cj aiti J
j JJU
014i Sd L_E c — 4±jUN Lai ZS La-'
31 -aj Lt.L4Wj LraU-j :JJl3 Jj'
4i 3P AJJ 361ç LJL''J
ya LJl (} Jl UiI
C14 L-JI-9 th 5Wl &Lai
Z d&r 941 3 ?
eJ- LJ3~iI A JU JM J.i (.aJ.-i, ,) i5kkJ cThi J<J
jLJI LJ5kLJ S1 4-jW 4ii J ,k J~ LaU 'Ji 3
fl] Lai 7s13 ui 31J2 JU1Lj .,iJi Z,a ) .SJS 1 LA5L 1 O)jij &uyi
cii L$ c/
L5-Li () y :± L 4
zJJtjj y~l LSJJI % 94.6
asJI dtAa_,a paJ LL.LuULj,nJI iIAaJI 3LaiJ
r r cc- &JU L9
LA t
.(49) J3 - % 553 :L.>di ,,I -JI çt LJI LL
c&rCiI ) LkJ JI .tI,g jW 4.c1J I; .L (49) J,41
aJtth.I
- - 94.6% 4iI LJI kAiiI 23L4 J3 1
** 91.1% 2
** 84.9% Lth,JI ii Z2tLJI 3
Ui ** 81.4% I34Zâfl6JJC/Ji 4
** 79.6% - 5
I) ZJI l,dJK ts 5
77.6% 6
** 71.9% 7
69.8% 4,31 3b.jil 4 ZLaJ C,3I S
** 55.3% &JI u.-j ) ,k- ii JLJ 9
ib**
53Jd JU 1,ib Ui-3 4 iaJ LYJJJS .-f 3-J Jj} Ui-J LS .LJl c
(49)J j4 u J L u__, AfJ, j4l &LaJ (L)l Z,LJJI au; )s-, (Li,J JI OL -ilI çtJc L.aa) LJI JJI
LS 31y1 i ;fl JQLJ! JI
Ui
~JI4J a &I S.JIgaS69JIa g.J 3Lss
jJJ J L)L> &L ZLa ij}
)J.±J
.(49) J3- JLiiI jLJI
'; ak -d j_641 - 3 — 13
Ls,aiI 3 ZJKJ4 Lai L.JL )rU à.zi
LJI -il3 ~ii (thLil ZiWi iLii)
'k,4 46 jyJl A j .ça.iJ1, j,€J j
ji> 3J1k L?dt L L)5UU .LJ-
3Jk4 r&9 4J)4JJ 4ajJ iIJ aui, 2LiJI dL zil J~AJ
LAJ.tU / 81fra J Li Z1J3
33 Jj
LNI Jic 4 jJ &,L4 j J, j }3 3cc
iJS J.JI ii,iJ, xJ ;$, zLJ, AWi ) ,:.A~LSY 0IA Lfl?:103ii cl7AdJ U
OJA C? LJI J >W
CSj 4,
(50) Jx4- j ,1l IA
U.6 a.a,t ILULj.JIg Sa tLia
k3' Aaaa ) IJilI I) :(50) JjJLI
tr-'4 ,oL0 .A6.va
1194 24 26 1144
- Lj4i 1 100 2.0% 2.2% 95.8% %
1194 40 18 1136 J...9 Ls&I >aa jaI ;7.kJ •'.H 2
100 3.4% 1.5% 95.1%
1194 72 6 1116 S..p 4JJR.0 C,3I 3 100 6.0% 5%. 935%
1194 74 12 1108 J...s Lit Lb-jiI ,U rL_0 Z,JI 4
100 6.2% 1.0% 92.8%
1194 72 22 1100 tk)I)Iy..3;UUCiI 5 100 6.0% 1.8% 92.1%
1194 104 12 1078 s.... L51 J. QèJSU Ji
% 6
100 8.7% 1.0% 90.3%
1194 322 12 860 cJ,ii 7
100 27.0% 1.0% 72.0%
1194 390 42 762 '43J•Ati ZaUdJ C3I 8 100 32.7% 3.5% 63.8%
J.fl 31 (50) J 31SI yA 3~j W 31 .1C 3 W
.U,,i JUJ JJi 31 % 95.8c,L 1 JJ
4Li cjUjZ ZJfl s)l
.ZJ,,jI j LJJI 9i NJJ 31 3S S}i 7 % 95.1
) (UoJi ZajJ jjv Z jyii cS,fl)
.LiJl JI3 >JJ c.LJ 3j.* 2 j,.tU .'Jl 31% 93.5
Jac.0 31% 92.8 4 3U1
35&k% 92.1 L3;UUl1 tA)3 1•
4sJI ssat a p4flJI .L.flL7 jg.Jlg gi..6941iaj1
Cr2 Li.cy Zi5UJJ ZL2iJ c ji L4 J 3 y i j,ciL
j ZIJJJ l 31 5U2i % 72 k,fl c.Ui4
.Z jii J-i jjsa ZiUaU JJ 31 % 63.8
U Ui ZS; I >dI ZS} 3 JL.-ZP 'j I ±U 31
3i LJ cLJ JCz La cJ
.J j _w isA) h j 31 J. 3Latc 'J ZLJJI
ZiJ LJ Z21i1, LUJ 3 J J
YJ 34 )1 4>dl 3jj Z,AJ-1 5U2J J
j UJI 4s-JJS J-1 . fl? tIatLtIa- 1-3-13
,1p J.., jikil cAtj1
3L; J5 i1n. r Jpj ,>W L'u,;- Al
.L.JlS J >W 72 - JSl a,0;:4 OJJ
sk)jIa 41., ''tjlJ- 1-1-3-13
tL.JWI U 3U2l iiS ) J-1
J:t ..LJj JJI ?tLa çj} iSL
(T-TEST) L9 II )S $J> LJbJi >1l j
(51) J3JJ.- ,) t.tll Jl
J gJI d.LL4JL 9ssJIg &kJI ijaJI LaJ
b-t
C C
* * p .A
I I I I I I
Ui NJ a in
vi uiaa in VI UI U Ui flth Ui hi Ui
W 0o' MO' U)
0' Ui a' Ui 0'
a' Co C' COo' 030' 030' 000' Coo' Co0' cc -
It— — •1
£
c U
03 '.4 0 Vi a t.J
4.sJIa.aL a> aa jiaJ 69JI VL j.tiiI SJI a91I Said
(Ca) ZJ ~ ±o- LJ LJI ULaS J 3,) p-j U1L
0.05 çja j LLaM Jb*.0 ZJ3iJ- i
ZLa>- JJJiS - 4( ;J2jJ k jj .JbJ uJ1
Le
3iI gsi 5.5519 5.1176 tAUJl kçA
4.1972 4.4156 jj JU
j5 j
QJLWI #&V
3A Wit 4JL i~z_i ~i L±JI J 3U L .JJ~iJI
a t' LsI A9jsâ ,JIILä - 2 - 1 - 3 - 13
(Z Lii çJ I rt4 )} J SsLa- j,) J.Aj JbIt PJt 5k.k
L.Jl±jl ir1 C.AJi}A yaL JJj a&tJ 1fr 4A>-'fl
& caL1J (T-TEST) jbJl Lz -' Lc)-
I.
I I
4sJI a1LAJk a.a h,M jSJIyn.S&I.sJI Zaaà
Tt t SI
t: II ii
g 1
00 4
w * * * * - - -a - - -
bo
wa a
I I
(a NJ
a
•
a'
NJ
o
1
-i
(a Vi Lfl Vith U, U' U Vi Lfl Vi
w —a w OD oa-a'o
OD p0 w
rjM P0
(a 0' Vi - a' a Vi - UJ NJ
CO .J
(a NJ
CO %JMNJ
w CO (a CO -J
(0 NJ%J
CO (a )"4
CO (a hi
CO (0 00 14
" t'J NJ NJ )N)NJNJ t.flJNJ IQ$J NINJ N) NJ -
t: t t: •t: •t: •t: •r: •t: •r •t: •t •t •t: t: -
It- kt-
kt-
ic.
t t ¼.
•t' S
sC
¼.• - F
L
-J Vi a w NJ -S
a aa dX uJ S 4L
(8 -7-3-2) : ,} (52) Ji
.iLJJl 5U LaJ yzS L ->1I 31j
- R)I ZJ iy ;J CJ) xJ
ZLJN Li H5W ifr :JI 3} j.c4 ;u
5.4224 JU.4 5.6307 X..J1 U. çl.c
iLa>-I JJJiJ 31 a2 (LJ,)IZ, .jwl .uJI
it &U JjyiI Lc 3,j~ Ji L
5.4220 J.Jl ID
.U.JZ3 5kki 5.1242
ULa'-'b 31 £ (U,il L-iS ja ZLJJJ c ji) LJ Jh Jj
3S 42-jJ .La fl L1 Js 3jj~y ç,Li1 .J%' jLa3 y*
4.4083 IIA LLJ' ptJ L :i- s r-"- Cr4
5U23 4.0435
3,)ih 3 L (J,.xJi ULkU 'JiS) ybJ Lii L za~ul J iii ti'
A ).c ZL :2L f Cr4
. '- 4Ji 5thJ 3.5901 3.9151 Lii i
1' it5T c 1j Lc .L' ULaI jj)J OdA 31 J3i.-i J
wii w, .ys u..ci LS
I
-t I
46 a.a g...a J .pS&I kL.SfJI JIcIaJ
L. J,JL ,ai .iUi .
WB Lai,
ci }~i LcL4N L4 3t .L'- i,Ji L.IJI cflCl AJ2J
L'Jl
j.Wl .5W LiZj ZU
J& j r) z1! á - 3 - 1 - 3 - 13
- kØ.)I
)Cr'-i
&' L7 ULj
JLI ç$ft LJt.th )ftiI ljjA j jiu ,JJt
(53) JiJ.-1 ) tz3i ca.èjj a3S i1 jLt,- ,1p (T-TEST)
njsJAs.4Aa paJ øSsJI .LaLJIa.n.sus
I
Sisah 4i az pJ .aiULij
N rn U, '.0 N' 00
5) Th Th
Is T I
3 S 3
4 N N '0O'0O'0O'.DO'.0
00 N 00 N ON 00 N 00
'DO0o'0o N 00 N
n '0 t 0 10 't '0 't 0 v ID v 0 't '.0 IT
- M LA'ONo(NOrNfnon4ONO\ - A
N'0000LflN00tflO00Ov—NLflDN
LAIn In U Lfl LA lAth LA Lfl UI en nfl o
- N 0 N
N in en
en • —
N m
m I.
go
0'
Li (N, (N
Q r•,j Q 0
¼ It LA ill
It
LA —
It Ufl
It tfl
It LA —
Lfl —
It in:
— % -
* C 0
*
0
* 0 0 N
*
0
* 0 0
* 0 0
2 I 7'
(8-7-5-3-2-1) : (53)
.57 J1j J 4JI 5Uai &Lai p 3 aJL
3}
JJ 5WI J Zi tJi
c Ldkfl AL.5AJ ZL-3 LcUJJ J151 j.LJ AJ2JU .-1 3U2Jl
r- aaL3 "I3J AkkU W :5thJI
.;kJ NJJI
3,S 3;Ufl JJ Li J-1
:Z.LUa1 A)I Jc- 3,jS 34 5thil 31 J,J-4
k.Ski iI S ç) 5UiI 3 (53) J J W y j-LJ
&4 J L'5U2J cJIj U kjJJl Ua21
- 4 - 1-3-13
jj~dl PJI .1}1 5&kJ Jil ççì 4RJI A1~
ij}
(T-TEST) Jl LLJ1fl )y%U L:Jlzj4 ) crH j±
.(54) J3k.-I JI c...,èjj aaJl l}l c1A-1 ). JJ)JI 2NJ(ANOVA) L Ix.Jl LtiI JJ2 : (54) J4l
a altJ S&I L 4 .JI .
-T—NT La '0 N 00
?' ?'
-41
*.
N en en C' 't en en
m (ii 0 ' Lfl r% — '0
¼0 NO en
'a La N 0
r— - N UI en N' en 0 UI r en '- 'a
0\ C
N N O 0 (nO' N-
— co - — 2 en
1. 0 tEl Lu
0 q N
Ll LII
N en
"1 ru
I I I I I
c-c paJ0j.91LL.a**t.JIga6,M asJLLa
Aj j LLaI Jb p-j (54) Jj41 n1
LKI
.c-LSfl cd.4i4 CJtW
LSD
w j t La-:I 2J'IQl cAS J cjA ia ZL &j a ,JI £ J5 cUw it.nj -JqjUi4)
k3La.- j57ifl
1-4-1-3-13
l
(55) J341 ) _ML\I &>1z LSD
J.J$ ,Ls' (55) Jji.44
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
(LJ)I LJI ;7SU e'JI) JI.J £)! ? zL>.y; j,.th flSLI
e4 ,J4 Ui ±JUI j,pdi y
Sig. Std. Error Mean Difference çWi
004.** 09784. 2799.- 5.6132 574 002.** 12296. 3755.- 5.7089 158 027.** 12690. 2810.- 5.6143 140 144. 12257. 1792.- 5.5125 160
- - 5.333 162 çjiiI - - - 5.574 1194
tft.a,-i ZJI **
JI a.aL 46 a i4 jwJ S0 .L-aULJ JIL.kgJId...aJI Laa
ft :y H'5 L5UØ 3:-i LLa>4 3b 3j} j jJ Jzfl
r4*W S 5W kMj. ui .ZL3Ij llj i..ji1 ciUS 5W,
~3k6 iLaJ ZLal j341 3I U 3 Ua4 k.ibtS
3L hUpI r-5-' J. LJ5&1, 3 J j iJ4 l.A it
L3 'k LJ .jU,i. y U.14 &iy jy& L4 ai
.(55) J4l Ut4 ) .Ziil US LJ)W çç 7S J1 -
s.paM s':"
I _ ç MAMt -2-4- 1 - 3 - 13
:(çL! ;!
LJl 3jtU ]) JWi J L4, L'-' jjJI aJ 'j>d
.(56) JJ -I i LLI j a jj LSD .LdI )L L5J' (
)LsH :(56) 3,41
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
h)CJI y L Ui LJWI jp.11 .JWI sil LfIS a4,a-y; J)Jl ZNSj
51g. Std. Error Mean
Difference LWI -
000. 10128. 3615. pLi1
011. 10177. 2605.
002. 12728. 3943.
022. 12768. 2934.
Jt as6 46 a.aasjiJ i.SgJI ULj.1e SgiI SJILaiJ
(56) J, 3,)JI0i 0LyA .UZf- i
Lrp J 1)1 56i! cW- L,4- Ua ji (57)
u_
jy.iI y ..JUS xJ$ tks.j q 3U.. Jj.A.- :(57) JLi
J4JI ,4 Ui ( L JJI LJI L 1W CM)
£...çLl
- 1.00743 5.4684 158 1 -
1.01740 5.4355 574 -- 2
1.36285 5.3143_- 140
160
3
1.23650 5.1750 - 4
1.33540 5.0741 162
1.14519 5.3417 1194_ --
uU 3L1-U zi 3 LfI L5 JU 3 (57) J,l pJ
3L L&- Jl3 JfI j)~ 5W 3 LL&3 .4 34JI
U Uo,i LJJI
L)5U
il jiii ;jta j
y LLAJ LJU~JI
.(56) J-!
J pSJI ULniJlgi.sS&I a.&iI ±aa
au 3ii Lt AJl 3W 3L jI i&
om 5UaJ zaath L.A) .4UJ 4ii j .±.lTh Zi& 3Q3
.a9y 3 j3 Z* y Jl U5 '3&6 31 cjLJI uz irJj .tLN U~J
JJJRJ J.-Lu Jc Sfli ajii jø ' U2J
9))
t . ltI --1t1S -3-4-1-3-13
çL.o 4 7aiJl) S) sJ J ULa> ii} lo LJJRJ
j ca,èjj LSD Ld LI y- (JjJ J-it 3U
.(58) JiJ-t
JaJI JL,-'I (58) JJJ-1
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
U~JI 4 Ui, .iJUI U y sit ). LLI 3}J Jt&J
51g. Std. Error Mean Difference
11349. 4167.-
13975. 5794.-
13893. 4437.-
.La'- JI **
AJJ JI UL5 jj)Jl >E (58) JJi ,J
.A
la41L16 4SJ J L j nJlg aSGil aJl LaJ
H} US JS ZLi- cUa ji L.a (59) JW
:JiI )JPW SAaJI aUaaz ia4 Jj- :(59) Jji
- ( rL UI,acth)
98231. 5.4937 158 1
1.18278 5.3580 162 2
1.10457 5.3310 574 Z..jJt 3
1.38449 5.0875 160 4
1.57080 4.9143 140 ZP.Jj.Jt 5
1,21388 5.2747 1194
kj..t4 31(59) i t 1d JLJI
31 J341 }UiU3 Wl j J Us W 5ti Uap )I d o .Jfd! US
4 Jz Lyl j,)iI 31 k
r 'r- 15 ,5Wi (Uilil oul rL.o LbnJl) uJi
Jo j iJ uj L1S5W iJ 0L1 J zfl
NJ Lc L&i 5 fl LLa.-Ni JJyJ oii L)J
'I US kbi LL-NJI JI ol] 4..6IaXJJI
Jl
ZJI LiJ JU J J 2J1i .d3iCJJI uji,
A3N L7tW biU
eJI
3;LiU Jl) Lr- cJl LS ULa-N .)ii &J
LSD (b)l
(6O)J..J-1
&Ji Ls-'I (60) J-I
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
.Sig Std. Error Mean
Difference .4JW -
**001. 12356. 4031.-
ZJ1 -
**000 15214. 6570.- LIAI
**027 15126. 3346
**002 15169. 4625.-
**031 11776. 2538.
bJI **000 15214. 6570. Z1,2JI
**028 14656. 3224. f twl
cLa>1 Zb **
y *&rtu1 oJS JjyA JJt.0 (60) J '
øI £J 3,-I 2jJl cUSs
UU (61) Jj14-
-fr
1, Uk, L:,tJg ii LAJI QLa
LJWI j U sil Ut.zju.a J,s- ;(61) JjJLI
,.414I c.,U5JI kdWj (9jJ LJ j4 WJ C,5J)
çjL4I .tI9.'J .A}J )l
1.10294 5.5570 158 1
1.21048 5.3625 160 2
1.23451 5.3031 574 3
1.42098 5.2346 162 4
1.73951 4.9000 140 5
1.31943 5.2881 1194
31 (61) JJ- J LJI Ua j i ccU 3 33JUU )Si L JS 5k6 31 . &j Zj i.L bl US
Us k IJULL, Lth,il -)i U&R- &L
La - ib .3;UiJ c'ijiI 14 J Js J.& IJ& j .IJ1Lfl jI J 3JJUU 3,~ "2 -,.4l J d.A JLJI 4.JS L15W
iI rti Us3 r5A>j
co- ztJI oi
H L1 U JiJ 3 .LLa-I J"2 iLa- J,} A9
3 Ji .A'iI Us 5U jW -
q.tJI L paJ qiSJI j JIg .ai. JI itLj
LAtj at4 Ufrli. pJJ Ztrtj c.iS L.'3U6 2s -
ZJOJJt U-Jl ççì 3;Uil
.:4_9jI Sb- 9iI 5L
zk~) 4flC3 (AS) r1
Z3Ln-")l i,kJI 3Jii ,~.gj
3b LL ) 3La, jW jS, (2J
JW Z y Jl j y.tJj pLJIj Z c.i~ )5)
atsi &X-WV) toalm,41AJ' 11M1! -5 4- 1 - 3 - 13
:(,4i ZIA &ij
"J,il) LJ kJ L 4$a'J 3iZ_lo
(/N3
.(62) J,.jJ-! LSaJI)Ls-I :(62) J,,41
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
4ALO AIJ hJWI LJI J; J ULa,-"JI 3j)iI
51g. Std. Error Mean
Difference Un Un
**000 12706. 1.054 L J1 7 JI
-- **000 15646. 1.328- **000. 15555. .8917-
15600. 1.107- **024. 12111. 2737. Z.çJI **ØØØ 15646. 1.328 **004 15072. 4363.
uiiJ ,.SgJI L.flL jg.dJIg aSgJI aJI Lj
41 3 :.4tuaj5U NiI) LU 7S LJi (62) JiJ-S
ut 4g .Rk931 bA-Jl JJJU 3iWi 'di) Jl (T
ZL,-di LJ)J J ,J (62) J,a4-U .LaT ti AiJi 3J5
ri z,- zi us
ç4'-i - & i t LaI
(63) J-I
jJSJ5iiLJ-S
Jth ,W LJl sJ ck.ax U.4 Jji.- :(63) JjAJ.-I
t*AL4 U..CiI ,2 Ui (-T ai J J&J c" jJ)
J,,.'1l Z1$3I
87019. 5.6709 158 1
- 1.05091 54500 160 2
1.30340 5.3972 574 3
1.46403 5.2346 162 r}t 4
1.98473 4.3429 140 5
1.39459 5.2948 1194
L.j (63) ) cLISZfl cLki )3Lfl sth
ZJ -L 4(61) J,iU
31 J3J.- 3 JJUIUJ tJ:è 3A }
L7J 'dJJI LU a Ji i, ii ;isi zJi
33 L Z%-rtJl 4#15 L.J5U21 .LàJ
3j,JJ
a a =J .ta ..JI9as&I a,aiI LaJ
k Ljj Liji 'r Jr4
tJs LJ5W3 oAJ LbJ 4il
iU 45U Ji j r'
Jr4 ' jti ' 'Y t3r ç't
.ZJI
1-3-13
jL.4j ZJ,Jl j4. LLJ5 UU ai bl
- ) LpL,-'i LJ1 3 LU "J Lc .L3'l ,k3JU
' 3W U ~ U4I liA pj .3LU J LJt Lt>-I H ;
cr'i r' 41 j il j, i)WS 03. Z,-6U~1
çiM J (ZJ,JI j4 zL.aU CJiI) LJ
) Jz i*J oit ) ZJS )& .iS JIj.J13 i5k.J oi
Ui3 L3La-I JJ} p-J (54) Jj - U
, .0.012 L)
Jb 3.235 ZsUJl LJil U5JI 3Jd
. j au ',3I)t.Lil P.11 i
I (64) J,.x-I j ZL'JI &± LSD JI f(ZJ,J
sJi iAa aa.a iax aJ SI .La laSqJIJI Aaa
jJ.JI L-'i :(64) Jj -i
Post hoc Test multi ple comparisons (LSD)
,ioLLO,ki Uij JU3i 3AM UtAJ
.Sig Std.Error Mean Difference
'.1(1 - **026 15263. 3394.-
**017 19148. 4559.-
**005 19758. 5589.-
**039 19089. 3943.-
**012 19701. 4974.-
.SLa-J zk **
- (64) Jju4l LS - cA iiLaN Ljj)Jl
J'h U ) LS3J\f Z.>di jz
.f
LS i3
J~J ZLJ cLkMdi c- ..iA J4 (65) Jj4 gi ccUt s;
AJI aLa sx pJ 0tJI .LUk JIg S 1 &9aJ1
LJWI jpod y LJI €Ua.oj t 4o Jjs : (65) J,.4
L.A4 t~iI i Uij (U)I U-JJ )y ZLaU C,M)
A)IJil LW I
1.77571 4.5714 140 1
1.69552 4.4684 158 2
1.73603 4.3519 574 3
1.78174 4.0741 162 4Jl 4
1.45795 4.0125 160 5
1.71365 43099 1194
3t (65) JpJ-I L L)3 .rc- Iu
?- LL Z..1ss.Jj r-4 i
J.O'JS 3
ZsLz,-'fl .J cJs Li si LiL 3 Z4J1 cL1-5J
il I r- '
L# .J j - ZL-1 1,LAJJ ZLl 5W
cy1,jJJ Utd ;Sl JSkJI 3Ual 3 (53) J3iJ-1
LL L ô&kl; LLa-' 33)JS tL...>-
LYJd tt ) JS1 5W 3 J,i 3 a i
I k,4i1j 3S)J
1.
1-
jiJ JI bJI gaJI LaJ
jjWik 1-3-13
Li tiUi iiI U-1
LB
Hl L,+; Uj LWJI J4LzJ1 LP3
'-La U )tCø 4L.>i3 LL J4J L-L JLcJ3 j3
iA .3 LJ
3L .(53) J4I O.007
) Li .J Jil Zi3UaU "1il ö4 3L.,4) a5UaJI3A ;s ;_; % 32.7 o! 3iil9 % 63.8 3 (50) J,i
) LJLA\JI±i LSD Jl JLII
:(66) JjJL$
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
ii cfl ,,ki Uij JWI d y yaUI XJ J9 ZLaI JJ)J UtU
51g. Std. Error Mean Difference Z1c11 ZiC)I
15580. 5768.- *005 19546. 5487,
20168. 5357.- **014 19424. 4772.-
- (66) J.0-1 4 L.S - LLa,.-'l çj ll
Cr4 $J I cUI 5W Z Jl ZAc
353 L.4-I U4l - jilI J I w.iA
.(67) J4i J L
L.ájI -aL.4L -- aJ jiS9iI deUL jisJI i.jSJI gsJI
.JWI 9U y' LAth JJ j j U.a Jj...> (67) Jj.&LS
jU~JI ,.Ad Uij (J.W c?'JjJI *J ZAiUaIJ
L4t jIf%J'I ia.j11 I
1.70152 3.9268 574 1
1.85867 3.8987 158 2
1.76735 3.8857 -- 140 .JI 3
113234 3.8272 162 -
1.75979 33500 - 160 5
1.75021 18275 1194 1i
15 .kjz. 3 (67) Jjs4 L) :,LL<J I I sJ
Lk4.t4 ).Laa ;c &LU 3 c.Ak..il iJ
j ZL LJ~W 3
(;ae~flj LL<i I&i, L AU2il ;j,-J jp Jt>tJI
jSi Z.WJI LKfl 5U 3U ZL>dL, .Z3U! 0iJ 'J,J Ui,
Utit4 J3 JI iU2J! jy ö3k.JJ LLJI - Lc) -
j.a-j J- )i 5U2U pLs-' j ;L
.L6Jl iLfl
J ö5*J
) jl c's A1C J..kJ. Ui tJ LLz
(68) JF--
3 .'JL jIg
4LJ1.th JfLI a yWI x.JI z..i; I)1 AL- J4I :(68) Jji.
LLAU-I U-<JI ,$4 Uij (J..W .'JI dy.. &gUalJ i)
18
3.1%
574 176 380
66.2% % 100.0% 30.7%
158 56 6 96
100.0% 35.4% 3.8% 60.8% % 140 36 8 96
100.0% 25.7% 5.7% 68.6% % 162 52 6
3.7%
104
100.0% 32.1% 64.2% % 160 70 4 86
100.0% 43.8% 2.5% 53.8% %
0.041 jj 3 jy- Ae- j. jLJ 17.117 Pearson Chi-Square y jL5 i..i .A.L
(68) J3 l jJ
Pearson Chi-Square 17.117 jS Z.i
j3 AiI J JN I) j - , .0.04 1 ) Jb - A-
US , 31 ji
US 5k6 LI ç'-t' .LJ)' LI % 68.6 - 4ZAiWi 3
US S % 60.8 A'J US 5W % 66.2 JJ
Lx US 5k6 I I 6% 64.2
L~nJ; ..S d_4IAfl cLJ~J 5U 3 - Uai iI) ) .JL r.L.i 5U, 5k Z,; LCd3 ôJ jtJ 4U2i I Lw Zi5LtJJ
1S5U,L
-- -- -- -- --- -- ------- ----------
&.a uj jtSJ! LUL 4Jlj gJl .aJ' !
a)ta,66u40a1j 'taia-5-1-3-13
:(jJIisIIt
? •.JJ-y ..,.L4J Ui ±iL
j4i I ltL
(69) ) LJ ZJl 4-! )s (ANOVA) Q2'I
(ANOVA) t, fl UI JiI (69) Jj J-I
(L,JI Lo,aa) LJW jy-.iI ja Jc. ii I} L~- ULaI 3,A3 ZYt.0
hJIJ.JI k1 Uij
t; - t t3 I cI
012 3.662 4.555 3 13,664
•
'
1.244 1176 1462,756 Lo.iF Lo-'
001. 5.939 7.001 3 21.002
----- 2 1,179 1176 1386188
**cJJ 5.683 7.417 3 22.251 A,o4Ij
" 3 1305 1176 1534.797 -
2.701 3 8.104 0a'- 141. 1.824 c_a 4
1.481 1176 1741.117
12.090
Ar.11
-
4.030 3 s.akF. 072. 2.339
1.723 1176 , 2026.097 - - -
_000
7.854 -.
15.016 3 45.049 'LIj A
.
±1 -
6 1:912 1176 1 2248.321
13.488
38.047 3 114.142
2.821 1176 3317.319
5,645
3 16.935 135. 1.855
3.043 1176 3578.472
7
___ T \ . ., i__•
iL3. aib **
ss.As _'J. - tJ JI L..4L J1, S9JI o.JI L
0
jra 2_•;; j L-1 iu jj (69) J-
Jl IJiI H 31 j
j4J
C)L4Ji4 .LJbW U
ND )I 3I
i37; cj7; c ZiL jl øiy
jjyijl AsJ, £J>J &La Ojfl J!
sI) JJi'' Jj! - 1-5- 1-3- 13
} W C,3) JJ'i .ii J 3,)j.. 2 (69)
UAj.0,012,.5_ 3.662ZJUJIc.SLL,...,.- (ziIL,,4J
Cr'-' hi JI j Ly )y ¼:JI);J
(70) J3J.l ) ZL
:(70) Jj J-I
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
d.*4LI ,...4 Uij .J1Ji jydi r' Jjl LJI ZJLa,-'JI jJl i'td
L - 51g. Std. Error Mean Difference
**038 10174. 2108. 1o16. 11571. _2785
**023 10458. 2375.
1121_t 3052 ULi JI **
1
IsJL
(70) J,i4-1 J JJ.JI j
jj Jr4 -'*'-i 4ki - ZJUiI JIJC.JI
.(71 Jj-L-l JLj 7; L'j
LJUI y JiD xJ1 c..aU2_q )}aa J,i.. :(71) Jj.sLI
.aL- AJI 4 Ui (-6J1 L.9431 y4 QJ C'JiI)
a.U4 JI
94980. 5.7438 406 Lt31 1
1.03611 5.7171 502 jjlil 2
1.48773 5.5063 - -_158 ;Jul 3
1.36994 5.4386 114 I)I 4
1.11905 5.6712 1180
3L.aJ JJ I xJ 1s Z.iLaI Jj)Jl J1 aAJ JbJI nJI
IJ J LSJ 0)J
&? JI j di JJi 5kbJ % 95.831 i-ü u jz
J,Jl J (50 Jj 4 )D-Jt i .JI > LL-J 3!
3S1j
4b ra t..€ J jSqJl .LL 4'! ...SJI aJI
ft
jjow iiiI e5u 1i) 01611 "' 1t M1aJl - 2 - 5 1 - 3 13
(69) Jl jJ
JI, UJlJ. .OM1
ç L*J JLN jJo iLaI Jj Z6 i
(72) JU- L'J ± &kiI LH LSD
Lo-'l (72) JjjJ-I
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
L.A-I ,ki JUiI dt p. 3AJ; UtJ
Sig. Std. Error Mean
Difference
11264. 3799.-
010. 11508. 2963.-
5392.- 13342. ZJ.th
Ji} (72) J,
t
(73) J- )3LZ S) ) Ua4t o-oj WI
- -- - Ls jJ d 1Jl ilf aAJJ Laa. t
(73) Jj
.a4- cA..JI 4 Ui (Z.th'Ji LJI L'I ;....SkJ iI)
F
A.UJI
1.03972 5.6255 502 1
1.11199 5.5419 1 406 2 -
67098. 5.3848 158 iJU 3
1.55468 5.2456 114 4J1) - 4
1.1195 5.6712 1180
j. 5iN jnJl 3U Jaa 3 (73) JW ,2
&Lni JJW iLa-N tj3)Jl 3 i, JW!
l5tSiAL
ti ZcL Ll cb Z.L L
,j. 4sftU 41I) WI '." £' 1! -3-5- 1 - 3 - 13
L.1i tiW i.J } iL-'J JJJI -'
LSD j *J JL.Nt >J(J,Z,it
.(74) JL-I
1; C
1
L.-1 JI
1.00016 5.4741 502
1.20046 5.3153 406 UI
1.12952
1.48647
1.14920
5.1899
5.0526
5.3407
158
114
1180
gaLs 4J jiJ j-iI L..UL JF &JI ..JI
1
2
:4
(74) J,,.-I
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
,,4 Ui .JUJl 3I JUiI xJI J ULa- jj)iI J'LU
Z4Ui cIJ
Sig. Std. Error Mean Difference
_JI
**037 07625. 1588.
I JJI **006 10421. 2842. Z13U
11852. 4215.
-ft Lr4 ç)j I Z_i I La-I jJ} -j (74) J4 -
/ (75)
LLJUI jpdi y Jj'I xJ Uaaç J,s.-: (75) Jj.sJ-
,.kd Ui ( LSiI JJ4J1 4 3 1J JI)
1
1
4
pt Wj;JI)5Uo J 3(75)Jj
LaJ £J Lc La,-' jj J 3 LL ZJi 7 JI
'J
.Lk,Jl3 JL2Ai SZ-
;Lt } JUJ 1 4_S -L-k'- Lj.,j 04
!'SjU sjJI)iaI ':" ' !t1I -4-5- 1 - 3 - 13
z(,i zlj 5)
LSD
s._ii )L-'iI :(76) J,s-I
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSO)
Z.4.I ,i Uij J1th j,piil y y LJI iI Js LaI Jj)iI i'td
Sig. Std. Error
14345,
Mean Difference
- 6895.-
- 5784.-[
4910.-
LWI -_ *000 14656.
16991. **004
La'. Jb **
Y L Lb7; y'- (76) £
Jj &jJi J'J ;i (77)
Jl b 'J , jJ r_JI .L'JL bØ .sJP
hJ1th jp.LI y JM.)LJ Ljaç Jj- (77) Jj.t-I
4Ji ,.ká Uij (j-i c, j 31 Q45&J cj9iI)
F _±1}, Za.U-iZJI J_LJ
1.00016 5.4741
1.20046 5.3153
502
406
1
1 LA01 2
1.12952 5.1899 158 zliwi 3
1.48647 5.0526 114 4
1.14920 5.3407 1180
j ZI) Ja j a 3 (77) JW rJ
L5W jd LL &i Sj LJ Li J ZjL-I LJ)J 31
a LJ'j Z?: A&i .L6j &Oy 703kJ Ji iJL &I) Z.J
J4j (77) J3iJ- L
j._ rt. :tfl S4il) awLmJf a" 55 1 3 13
L j L1>-\ L-' JJ .JJI J, JJIJ LtC) J,1 LSD lj
(78)
saL IJ j ._s J SJl LL sJIj .JI sJI
çA.,JI )LJI :(78) J,ii-I
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
LU.J ,.Ad Uà, LJt.th LJ £J1 J ULaI 3J! Zi'Ld
Sig. Std. Error Mean Difference
F z..ji
000. 17425. -1.0435
JUi
000. 17802. 11 9998.-
001. 20639. 6753.-
L 3) (78) J
J3$i JJ4Jt o - J' j kiJIj JI L J J
.I ii I}t 5Uaj jjt.,-'J ZL.4-I àj (79)
JUI irt LJI .sJ1 Ua..sj.c ))UA (79) J,J.S-I
4I uc,>.'Ji zUi Ji 1.61662 4.4821 502 1
1.71555 4.4384 406 2
1.57195 4.1139
1.94634 3.4386
158 4WI I
114 4
1.70 ____ 4.3169 1180
j JI Ji 5U, k. 3I (79) Ji jJ
ZL
U LL W I Ji .4)!Lz
.Jr —Lx 'J J JI LL e'g g—çJr *SJI Ls
3 5&ki LS rS ZU ;W 3
UiJWyL~ZJltLJLM 3iLdNJij
% 72 3 2 (50) J3 l jj U5k- iL4 s,ii3 zi-u
Lp a4 jl j, -Lj % 27L 3 41 1.L J 3iiI 5Uil
JU j cUi JAL*JI J3J Zs.; a
JJt(80)JjI H J5- --
..LaLL lJI 7kzl Uij xii 5Uii Ld.-' 4I _ii j 2m
.JWI LJI .uI >c yi cLU-) LU 1._..J; :(80) jiJ-1
(ZJ) up-); .IaLI Ci,JI)
516 124 2 390 . -.
_JI 100.0% 24.0% 4%. 75.6% %
406 100 6 300 ,;Ul4_ii
100.0% 24.6% 1.5% 2
1.3%
73.9% 108
68.4%
% 158 48
100.0% 30.4% 114 50 2 62
100.0% 43.9% 1.8% 54.4%
1194 322 12 860
1 100.0% 27.0% 1.0% 72.0%
0.001 Li.- J 24.076 Pearson Chi-Square t,,e jL~Z.J AL
.j ; Jii 5UJ £A 3 (so) J,sJ-i Lk
- j J tJl .LUL ,&JIq bJI L
75.6 :W Jl
,j j
0i Li 3.i
°'o 68.4 .LiJ °'b 73.9
i)JJI J1ZALJ UJc. y y J4--i -'-L)' LJIJ %
L J iLs)UJ4J
Pearson-Chi Square y H 25 - c:-4 -- LH ii) ai L
MOO! j .- Pearson-Chi Square 24.076
31, )
OJ)I J L
Sk)fltjtIa a %WLWWAIs,Iã -6-1-3-13
ZL,AJt Jc.- :L4 . -; U U
La Jl Z *J LiJI Lti s5> -'- -U zu r
Uabta ,_-; wi; ..i5k_,- .&J1J iiLiI iJI Js iâiLs
U4 ZWii,
-.-
I Ljl a
j flsj J jc
-H (ANOVA) )Ll L5 LJj
(81) jW- j jbJt
nJI aaLs 'J ja&s i jtJJI .1 UL 1.c..JIi JI sJ1
* * *
* * a
* *
* * * * * r o 0 0 LU 0 0 0 h
a 0 NJ a o LU a 4-" P 9 ••4
to LU 0 0 W •'-J S tfl • Lu LU Lii
o C - 'C NJ J oaa NJ -J NJ '.0 NJ IJif '.0 CD w Lii NJ a . 0 0
60 00 00 00 OD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD
sj ON '- a wa
t t t
tttttttdU
k
• L
I, 4 -
C '1
£ C
.1- -
I' '
L
1
£ LSD JJ
>ljjø
£J>J &La4 G)yAJ JS oi Uw
4zj'J.9
! j, a&1 s.lI) J4I :11 ___
- 1 - 6 - 1 - 3 - 13
0.017 j j 3} i
j>-i• .(81)JiJ-i L4s(Lb,Jt Jl jW ,ii)JJ
r-3 cjljLa,-'Il 33)Jt0i0L2 ZJO3L.~
.(82) J-' )L>-Nt 1i ZLa,I j3i L-
Lg..A..JJLS-'I :(82)Jj.U..
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
il Ui Jt.th 4I jJi cJ1 J. ULa,-'il jj,iJI JNAJ
Sig. Std.Error - JMean Difference
IZWU~11 ;Ii
**000 11165. 3955. **015 12458. 3020. -
** 5 11205 3103. **038 11449. 2382.
-! .L -- pJ jSJI .L.UL _JI, s-SjP 4AJI .L.
L, La- 1) p-j (8 2) J-1 i...
J?
jiJ :Uij
(83) j
.i.J i ZLSJ ôkiJS L1>-'
jJi uJI U6..sj .c 3jta. Js- (83) JLI
rkd Ui (LS,iI 4JJ4J1 )).a 3JSU c.N jJI)
5.9205
UijI.,.ii -
34547. 176
96994. 5.7045 176 2
1.18360 - 5.6822 214 jJ.o-I 3
1.07921__-
1.36231
5.6184
5.6102
152
236
jij• [ 4
5
6 1.30633 5.5250 240
1.12925 5.6667 1194
z4i jJ3 .iU h.Ak. rL.jj 5.66 J~J 5W Ja..afr
J.SJS i3L IJ4J)
L5J-tJl jU 6J cA cUiiI 5U6 3l J jj.W
)y- )UW WJ Uai1I 4.,-,jI 1i,
zi&,Lt JJ jid l J J'N $g
*i J J cA1ii.,.dA .k-5U - (83) Jk4-i j JL
t( (ZiJ LJl) aJ- Ujjjl c.±,-
.ss - a_a aJ JI LL g JI1 ..SJl .aJI
3 s 5 I c-j -,I iiA•;- uJi dai
.4J ziu 42 LC
ft
Jimildlill iptU ziti!) qAWI &" ;.willimabll Qlall - 2-6 - 1 3 - 13
0.031 j YLa-! iL jj ) jyLJl Li c
() jj Ly l) I
jr cAi iL,a.,-'J j3 ,AJ 3L1Sz j-i (81)
JLI Wr3 L.Sj L4 oiLa, L- --'- H c_
(84) J9t4- J
ssJI (84) Jjs4-
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
a4Lzi-q 'ta-il JJ2%11 y .11I Jp LLa,-'I 3 j7d1 .UtAJ
Sig. Std.Error Mean
Difference
3098.-
2989.-
10914.
10340. J UJI
"027 10914. 2417.-
La,- JI **
;LJI Z1iL>ta jy YLn-'-! i1. jj} .y- (82) J4-t ia
.i iI )L4J :Ua
I iLS 4_e (85)
pJ ji_Jl AL.JL .JI JI aJ! LA
LJlth )JD%U 3.4 JUl .k.J Akç Jj- (85) Jj41
j,L41 JI7CiI £...,11 A)JI I
1.35179 - 5.3833 240 Z..oLjl 1
1.03039 5.6053 152 2
1.30278 55254 236 z.a,,AJI 3 --
68215. 5.6932 176 iA.-i 4
92537. 5.6822 214 J.L._t1 5
1.00641 5.6250 176 fl J!J)LI 6
1.10317 5.5745 1194
5.69 3'l (85) Ji ,J
Jj .4SJ.4.>LU r-- 5.38 (Z4.,cL'jl) 5W dW
H J3JJ UJi
i) r '5U 3L L'l 5U JS (L5.Lo-'I _~J iL
:LcaJl LSIUJI WJ :ji.:Wfl>U W LAJ L.5il
i-1 JA J
UäiL>U 3 J&>-& - (85) JJ- 4J3 4i6 Cj
.Ai !iL4 ci4-l) J5kJI Z34
(i,Ai J- iiI) cUai.1l
:.J-1 L JJil jj L..i4-1 UiL>i 3 j L .Z,a L'- 3J I 7k.JI SL,LI
j 3
aaL J.a jai SJI .L-'JL a..Jl, ....JI Laa
Nt o J
(86)J3 j ZJ caj 41 i y kW L- 1I fl
L4I 4.,JI (86) JU-!
JIJI hJUI jJ p aJ! Lt-"J
yA$ Uij (i.JojJI LJI
11iiIaiI
240 84 16 140
100.0% 35.0% 6.7% 58.3% %
152
100.0%
50
32.9%
2
1.3%
100
65.8% %
236 36 6 194 4-, U - 100.0% 15.3% 2.5% 82.2%
176 24 0 152
100.0% 13.6% 0% 86.4%
214 32 10 172
- 100.0% 15.0% 4.7% 80.4% %
176 40 4 132
-. 100.0% 22.7% 2.3% 75.0% %
1194 266 38 890 ZIJIA
100.0% 22.3% 3.2% 74.5% %
0.000 Jl _A-p ,4..J 79.205 Pearson Chi-Square Z.i
l l~JI (86)Jl
.( J L JNU
0.000 Jb Jj} -j La JW I i
jj .4AUZ 4J'L 4J p- 4j ai 79.205
4
_JL 3W aS4 J0A c J0L4.A LL U2i y a S1 jy
(87) -'L- L U)
LiIi h...JL J.J...a j5L 4 ,W Jj.- :(87) JJ-I
)J.dl y' ±JLfl .LJI LJI LL-'J
kI Lai (Ld,iI LJ 4 SkJ 'JJl)
%100 %13.6 %0 % 86.4 1
%100 %15.3
%15.0
%2.5 %82.2 2
3 %100 %4J %80A
%100 %22.7 %2.3
%32S %1.3
0/,75.0
0/,65.8
7SJIijLa L %100 5
%lOO %35.0 %6.7 - Z...,0LJ 6
L$J SJU 3EI Ak j 1 7, (87) J —
jt_ 111JJ WI :" 3-6- 1-3- 13
0.000 j (81) J3i- j L.s 3j.J Lifl
j J'il b LiLa.>-' Ljj)J ôJ ZsJ, .JU~
L jJl LjL,-I 3J .AJ L-
(86) J-i
JP aLs 4 -- J pJF LL JII, ~ Jl aail
*J L.-'i (86) Jj-L -I
Post hoc Test multiple comparisons (LSD)
.JU2bb4I ,ci .sj .±.JUiI :y JU; .e.iI 2JLa,-'J 3 j )iI JtAJ
Sig. __________________
Std.Error Mean
Difference 11228. 5902.
12528. 4976. 005. 11269. 31740
3} (86) JJI y
y WS :Ui
j,.Z j (87) JjJ-I
lict aLt*J
.JUJI l JWI sJI Sc tL Jj.s : (87) Jj..-I
Ad UI,, (Up); Lj&I ))aJ dIJ Ji ;,J Jj)
L4i £.iI IIJI__J Uiit..ii
68215. 5.6932 176
L 92537. 5.6822__- 214
L1.00641 5.6250 176
--_2
3 I 1.03039 5.6053 152 4
1.30278 5.5254 236 --_____________
5
1.35179 5.3833 240 6
1.10317_ — 5.5745 1194
1
ULPi L
