, ?
, 3 . , , . : Microsoft Office 2007 internet- , , , ? compute //
, , . , , , 4 . 3 . . / 1. 2. 3. /
, . 20- (1940 - 1941 ) . . , . .
"" . . . , , , .
. - : :" ." , , .
ASCII code 2- . . 8 ASCII (American Standard Code for
Information Interchange) . ASCII , , . . ASCII (127-255 ASCII )
.
, , , . . , . , , , , . .
: (computer generation) . 4 . , .
I (1946-1958) , , . 1946 (Presper Eckert), (John Mauchly) ENIAC
(Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) . 10- . (vacuum
tube) . ENIAC 18 . ENIAC , . .
II (1959-1964) . . , , . 40 . .. . - , . . . . .III (1965-1970)
, . . , . (Integrated Circuit - IC) . , ( 2) . , . , () .. .PDP-11
(1970)
IV (1971-) 4 . .1970- Intel (Edward Hoff) , Intel-4004 . 2300 ,
108 . Intel-4004 Intel-8008 . .
1974 Intel-8080 . 4500 . . . 1974 Altair-8800 . . Intel-8080
.
, .1976 (Steve Wozniak), (Steve Jobs) Apple , Apple-I . 1977
Apple-II .1981 IBM , Intel- Intel-8088 IBM PC .Nasa-
, , , , . . . port- . Printer, Scanner .
1. Keyboard . Ko 4 . , . f1-f12 . . F1 . . , . . . :
Enter- , . Space- Capslock- . Capslock . Tab - . Ctrl Alt . .
Backspace- . Shift - 2 . 2 shift . $- , 4- . 4- . Shift $- . shift
CAPSLOCK , CAPSLOCK , . , . , , , , , , . Delete- , End- , Home- ,
Insert- , , PageUp- , PageDown- . . . NUM LOCK , NUM LOCK . . 2. .
. Serial Parallel mouse . . , . 3. Microphone- . 4. Digital Camer-
. 5. Scanner- , . 6. Ligth pen . ? Motherboard . Motherboard .
Motherboard . Motherboard Onboard . . .
? . . . . Motherboard (I/O), (IRQ) expansion slot . Motherboard
. Motherboard- .
Motherboard . :RAM Display Card Sound CardCPU
CPU CPU Chip . . Intel motorolia . RISC . IBM IBM Compaq, Dell,
Gateway, Toshiba Intel Apple Macintosh Motorolia .RISC (Reduced
Insruction Set Computing) 10 Sun Microsystem, Hewlett-Packard
Digital Equipment (DEC) Workstation .Intel
8086,8088,80286,80386,80486,80586, Pentium, Pentium II, Pentium
III, PentiumIV . . . 386SX, 486DX . Motorola 68000, 68020, 38030,
38040, PowerPC Power . megahertz (MHz) - Intel Intel 8088 4-8 MHz
Pentium-III 1GHz Pentium-IV 2.8GHz . Read Only Memory (ROM) 2.
Random Access Memory (RAM) 2 . ROM BIOS CPU - . (.. ) , . RAM :
Static RAM (SRAM) SRAM . . Dynamic RAM (DRAM) 2 . DRAM .
(Refreshing) . .. . . RAM : System RAM . DRAM . 256 256, 4 . Cache
RAM CPU- CPU- Level1 cache, Level2 cache . CPU . , . SRAM . 512 .
CMOS RAM BIOS- CMOS utility - . SRAM . , . CMOS battery . RAM .
Video RAM (VRAM) . 256 . SRAM SRAM-aa Windows Accelerated RAM WRAM
. SDRAM .
: . 14, 15, 17- . 3 . : , / / Speaker Hard disk Floppy disk Zip
CD Compact disk .
HD (Hard disk) Hard Disk Drive HDD- . 40Gb- . . . . . . . .
Motherboard- IDE, EIDE, SCSI . EIDE UltraDMA/66, UltraATA/66 66Mbps
.
Seagate, Quantum Maxtor, Fujitsu, Samsung, Western Digital
.Seagate . . Data rate CPU- . 5-40Mb . Seek time CPU- CPU- . 10-20
. capacity . . 20-40Gb . 40Gb 2 80Gb 160Gb . slave . . Floppy disk
Floppy disk 3.5 1.4 . . Floppy disk- floppy driver- .
Zip disk Zip drive , . Zip 2 . 100 Mb- 100431872 70 . 250 Mb- ,
drive . zip zip .
CD Compact Disc ? CD DVD , , v vvv . v . CD CD- 74 . CD- 74 DVD
(Digital Versatile Disk)DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) . CD . . 90 .
, ( ), () , 4:3 16:9 () . DVD- CD- CD- , . 650 75 DVD 2 2 17Gb ,
.Easy Disk ? v , ( ). USB . (battery), , v. , , . vvv vv . USB
port- EasyDisk - removable hard drive . OS (Operating System)
Windows ME, 2000, XP EasyDisk - USB port - . OS - EasyDisk - vv
hard drive- v . Windows 98/SE driver- v . . , , . . , . . . , , . .
. . - MS-DOS - Windows 95, 98 - Unix - Macintosh MS-DOS . Seatle
Computer Products Tim Patterson 1970 . Willam h. Gates - Microsoft
MS-DOS . MS-DOS Microsoft Disk Operation system . 1981 IBM
Microsoft MS-DOS . MS-DOS . MS-DOS . : copy, format, rename .
Windows 95 . . . Icon- interface-, DOS- . Unix 1969 AT&T Bell
Dennis Ritchie Ken Thonpson . Unix , . Macintosh Apples' Macintosh-
Apples Lisa computer- .
