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1 The Kathmandu Post. 2010. CA okays new calendar of events.

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3 Guinier, Lani. 2008. Beyond electocracy: Rethinking the political

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Joj:yflksLo c+usf] :j?k lgdf{0f ;ldlt / Gofok|0ffnL ;DaGwL

;ldlt .13 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] ;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfno;Da4 sd{rf/L;Fu lnPsf]

cGtjf{tf{, !& d] @)!) . o;n] ubf{ Ps lbgdf af]Ng] ;b:osf] ;+Vofdf

leGgtf b]lvG5 .

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;g\ @))( sf] lxpFb] clwj]zgdf cf};t pkl:ylt b/ tNnf] / dflyNnf]

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nflu eg]/ r'lgPsf] lgsfo––h'g x/ lx;fan] ;+;beGbf

dxŒjk"0f{ xf]––df ;b:ox?sf] cf};t pkl:ylt cGoqsf

ljwflosfx?sf] cf};t pkl:ylt b/eGbf lgs} sd 5 .

!$ d] @))* b]lv !# clk|n @)!) ;Dd -!)! a}7s_

/fHosf]ifaf6 !,#(,@%,#@,*(^ ¿lkofF ;ef;bx?sf] tna–

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vr{ eO;s]sf] 5 .17 o;df @* d] @)!) cl3sf]

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ePsf] vr{ g} To;df ;d]l6Psf] 5 . Toltsf /sd

vr{ u/]/, / Toqf]ljlw ;+3if{ / /QmkftkZrft\ k|fKt

ePsf] dxŒjk"0f{ sfo{df ^# k|ltzt dfq pkl:ylt

x'g' k6Ss} ;'xfpg] s'/f xf]Og .

;+ljwfg;efdf /fhgLlts bnx?sf] pkl:ylt

@$ bnsf sDtLdf Ps ;ef;bsf] ;+ljwfg;efdf

k|ltlglwTj 5 . Pg]skf–dfcf]jfbL @#* -#(=^Ü_

;ef;b;lxt ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn xf] .18

g]sfF bf];|f] 7"nf] bn xf], h;sf !!$ -!*=(&Ü_

;ef;b 5g\ . g]skf–Pdfn] !)( -!*=!$Ü_

;ef;b;lxt t];|f] 7"nf] bnsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .

dw];L hgflwsf/ kmf]/d -dhkmf]_ %# -*=*@Ü_

;ef;bsf ;fy rf}yf] gDa/df cfpF5 .19 csf]{

dw];s]lGb|t bn t/fO{–dw]; nf]stflGqs kf6L{

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g]skf dfn] / g]kfn ;befjgf kf6L{ b'j}sf gf}–gf}

hgf -!=%Ü_ ;ef;b 5g\ eg] /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{sf

cf7 ;b:osf] k|ltlglwTj ;+ljwfg;efdf 5 . cGo ;fgf

!^ bnx?sf] ;+ljwfg;efdf Ps k|ltzteGbf sd ;ef;b

5g\ .

lrq !M /fhgLlts bnx?sf]

;+ljwfg;efdf cf};t pkl:ylt b/

lrq ! n] ;+ljwfg;efdf ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx?sf]

cf};t pkl:ylt b/ b]vfpF5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf tLg

7"nf bnx?—Pg]skf–dfcf]jfbL, g]sfF / g]skf–Pdfn]–—

sf] pkl:ylt b/ ;du| cf};tsf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5 . dfcf]jfbL

kf6L{sf] ;ef;b ;+Vof g]sfF / Pdfn]eGbf bf]Aa/ a9L

eP klg p;sf] pkl:ylt b/ eg] cf};teGbf yf]/} 5

Research. Parliament in Budget Session 2010. www.

prsindia.org/index.php¿name=Sections&action=bill

_details&id=5&bill_id=1152&category=60&parent_

category=0 -#! cu:t @)!) df x]l/Psf]_ .17 Dahal, Phanindra. 2010. Million dollar CA at death’s door.

The Kathmandu Post, 28 May, p. 3.18 b'O{ bn hgdf]rf{ g]kfn / g]skf–PsLs[t g]skf–dfcf]jfbL;Fu

PsLs/0f ePkl5 pQm bnsf] gfpF Pg]skf–dfcf]jfbL ePsf] xf] .19 dhkmf] clxn] b'O{ 6'qmf ePsf] 5—pk]Gb| ofbj / hok|sfz

u'Ktfn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] kIfn] k'/fg} gfd kfPsf] 5 eg] ljhos'df/ uR5bf/n]

g]t[Tj u/]sf] ;d"xnfO{ dhkmf] -nf]stflGqs_ elgG5 . ljZn]if0fdf ;xh

xf];\ eg]/ b'j} bnnfO{ Pp6} ;+:yfsf] ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 .

cf};t

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;a}eGbf sdhf]/ 5 . dhkmf]sf cfwfeGbf a9L ;b:ox?

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cf};t pkl:ylt b/ $&=@# k|ltzt 5 . dw];s]lGb|t

cGo b'O{ bn g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ / g]kfn ;b\efjgf

kf6L{–cfgGbLb]jLsf] klg pkl:yltsf] l/s8{ /fd|f] 5}g—

qmdzM $)=%( k|ltzt / #(=(# k|ltztdfq . kf6L{ut

lx;fadf x]bf{ g]kf /fli6«o kf6L{—h;sf] Ps ;ef;b

5g\ / ;dfg'kflts k4ltaf6 sf7df8f}Faf6 r'lgPsf

x'g\—sf] cf};tdf ;a}eGbf a9L pkl:ylt 5 -**=!@Ü_ .

csf]{ ;fgf] bn ;dfhjfbL k|hftflGqs hgtf kf6L{sf]

;+ljwfg;efdf bf];|f] pRr pkl:ylt -*&=!#Ü_ b]lvG5 .

cpbfx/0fLo g]t[Tj

dfly elgPe}mF, ;+ljwfg;efsf] k"0f{ a}7sdf Ps ltxfO

;ef;b hlxn] klg cg'kl:yt x'G5g\ . cem pb]s

nfUbf] t d'Vo bnsf pRr g]t[Tjsf] pkl:ylt b/ 5 .

tflnsf ! n] ;+ljwfg;efsf s]xL pRr /fhgLlts

g]t[Tj / k|rlnt gfdx?sf] pkl:ylt b/ b]vfpF5 .

;a} bnsf 7"nf g]tf ;+ljwfg;efdf ;xefuL ePsf

5}gg\ . ;+ljwfg;efsf] k"0f{ a}7ssf] clen]vnfO{ dfq

s]nfpFbf g]sfFsf g]tf tyf k"j{k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf]

l/s8{ ;a}eGbf sdhf]/ b]lvG5 .20 ;+ljwfg;efsf]

xflh/sfkLcg';f/ pgn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] k"0f{ a}7s -b'O{

jif{df_ hDdf b'O{ k6s efu lbPsf] b]lvG5 . Pg]skf–

dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf tyf k"j{k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfn

k|r08sf] l/s8{ klg vf;} leGg 5}g . pgL b'O{ jif{df

hDdf & k6s -&Ü_ ;+ljwfg;efdf pkl:yt ePsf]

b]lvG5 . To;kl5 cfpF5g\ dhkmf]sf ljhos'df/ uR5bf/

hf] pkk|wfgdGqL klg x'g\ . ;+ljwfg;efdf pgsf] cf};t

pkl:ylt !) k|ltzteGbf sd 5 .

tflnsf !M s]xL kl/lrt / k|efjzfnL

;ef;bx?sf] pkl:ylt b/

gfd pkl:ylt

b/ -Ü_

z]/axfb'/ b]pjf -g]sfF_ !=(*

k'iksdn bfxfn …k|r08Ú -Pg]skf–df_ ^=(#

ljhos'df/ uR5bf/ -dhkmf]_ (=()/fh]Gb| dxQf] -g];kf_ !!=**z/tl;+x e08f/L -dhkmf]_ !$=&$s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f -Pg]skf–df_ !$=*%pk]Gb| ofbj -dhkmf]_ !(=*)dfwjs'df/ g]kfn -g]skf–Pdfn]_ @)=@%/fdaxfb'/ yfkf …afbnÚ -Pg]skf–df_ @)=&(cf/h' /f0ff b]pjf -g]sfF_ @@=&&/]0f's'df/L ofbj -dhkmf]_ @$=&%afa'/fd e§/fO{ -Pg]skf–df_, emngfy @&=&@

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6f]kaxfb'/ /fodfemL -Pg]skf–df_ljgf]bs'df/ rf}w/L -g]skf–Pdfn]_ #!=^*clds z]/rg -Pg]skf–df_ ##=^^lxtdfg zfSo -Pg]skf–df_ #%=^$k|sfzz/0f dxt -g]sfF_ #^=^#dxGy 7fs'/ -tdnf]kf_ #*=!$lxl;nf old -Pg]skf–df_ #(=^)z+s/ kf]v|]n -g]skf–Pdfn]_ $)=%(nSsL z]kf{ -g]skf–Pdfn]_ $@=%&uug yfkf -g]sfF_ $$=%%kf;fª z]kf{ -g]skf–Pdfn]_ $^=#(kDkmf e'iffn -Pg]skf–df_ $&=%@/fdz/0f dxt -g]sfF_, $*=%!

kl/ yfkf -g]skf PsLs[t_/fdrGb| kf}8]n -g]sfF_ $(=%)hok'/L 3tL{ -Pg]skf–df_ %@=$*;kgf k|wfg dNn -g]skf–Pdfn]_ ^*=#@/fh]Gb|s'df/ v]tfg -g]skf–dfn]_ (#=*!

Pg]skf–dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf afa'/fd e§/fO{, /fdaxfb'/

yfkf afbn, s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f, g]sfFsf g]tf k|bLk lul/,

df]xDdb cfkmtfj cfnd, cf/h' /f0ff b]pjf, g]skf–

Pdfn] g]tf dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, emngfy vgfn, dhkmf]

g]tf pk]Gb| ofbj, z/tl;+x e08f/L, hok|sfz u'Ktf

;a}sf] cf};t pkl:ylt b/ #) k|ltzteGbf tn 5 .

pRr /fhgLlts g]t[TjdWo] g]sfF ;+;bLo bnsf g]tf

20 lbj+ut lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf klg lj/n} ;efdf pkl:yt eP .

/, dfly elgPe}mF, pkl:yt x'Fbf klg xflh/ u/]gg\ . To;afx]s, pgsf]

:jf:Yo klg /fd|f] lyPg .

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/fdrGb| kf}8]nsf] cf};t pkl:ylt s]xL /fd|f] b]lvG5

t/ pgL klg %) k|ltzteGbf sd g} pkl:yt 5g\ .

cGo k|efjzfnL / lr/kl/lrt ;ef;bx? M

eLdaxfb'/ /fjn, zflns/fd hds§]n, clds z]/rg,

dxGy 7fs'/, /fdz/0f dxt, uug yfkf, k|sfzz/0f

dxt, nSsL z]kf{, kDkmf e';fn, lxl;nf old, z+s/

kf]v|]n, z]v/ sf]O/fnf, cflbx? klg ;+ljwfg;efdf

%) k|ltzteGbf a9L uon ePsf] kfOG5 .

;+ljwfg;efsf] k"0f{ a}7sdf ;a}eGbf a9L pkl:yt

x'g]dWo] g]skf–Pdfn]sf clUg v/]n klxnf] gDa/df k5{g\ .

pgsf] pkl:ylt b/ (& k|ltzt 5 . To:t}, dfgaxfb'/

dxtf] / nId0f k|;fb l3ld/] -b'j} g]sfF, (^Ü_, lgnfDa/

cfrfo{ -g]sfF_ / g]skf–dfn]sf /fh]Gb|s'df/ v]tfg -b'j}

($Ü_ ;+ljwfg;efdf cGo pRr pkl:ylt b/ ePsf

;ef;b x'g\ . gful/sx?n] ;+ljwfg n]Vg] bfloTj

;'lDkPsf pRr g]t[Tj;lxt ;ef;bx?sf] o:tf] sdhf]/

pkl:ylt b/ uDeL/ s'/f xf] . oLdWo] s]xL ;+ljwfg;efdf

nuftf/ !) eGbf a9L a}7sdf cg'kl:yt ePsf 5g\,

h'g ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] pNn+3g xf] .

pQm lgodfjnLsf] kl/R5]b !^, bkmf !#@ cg';f/ M

!_ s'g} ;b:o nuftf/ b;j6f jf ;f]eGbf a9L a}7sdf cg'kl:yt

/xg' kg]{ ePdf tT;DaGwL cu|Ld ;"rgf cWoIfnfO{ lbg'

kg]{5 .

@_ s'g} ;b:o ;+ljwfg;efsf] b;j6f eGbf sd a}7sdf pkl:yt

x'g g;Sg] l:ylt ePdf cWoIfnfO{ cu|Ld ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .

cu|Ld ;"rgf lbg g;Sg] s'g} dgfl;a sf/0f eP pkl:yt

ePsf] tLg lbgleq ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .

#_ pklgod ! jf @ adf]lhd lbOg] ;"rgfdf cfk"m cg'kl:yt

/xg] cjlw / sf/0f ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .

$_ pklgod ! adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf eP cWoIfn] ;+ljwfg;efsf]

:jLs[ltsf] lgldQ k|:t't ug]{5 / pklgod @ adf]lhdsf]

;"rgf eP cWoIfn] :jLs[t ug]{5 .

%_ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L dxf;lrj jf ;lrjn] ;DalGwt

;b:onfO{ oyfzL3| lbg]5 .

t/ ;b:ox?n] of] lgod pNn+3g u/]df s] x'G5 eGg]af/]

lgodfjnL df}g 5, oBlk dfly p4[t bkmfn] cWoIfdfly

sf/jfxLsf] bfloTj lbPsf] k|:6 x'G5 .21 ;+ljwfg;efsf

;ldltsf a}7sdf cg'kl:yt xF'bf eg] ;hfo klg pNn]v

5 M

nuftf/ rf/j6f a}7sdf ;efkltsf] cg'dltljgf cg'kl:yt /xg]

;b:onfO{ ;efkltsf] l;kmfl/;df cWoIfn] ;ldltaf6 x6fpg

;Sg]5 / ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L ;efnfO{ lbg]5 -;+ljwfg;ef

lgodfjnL, @)^%, kl/R5]b !!, bkmf &&_ .

oBlk, cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] efu & bkmf ^&-u_

df elgPsf] 5 M æ;efnfO{ ;"rgf glbO{ nuftf/ b;

cf]6f a}7sdf cg'kl:yt /x]dfÆ ;+ljwfg;efsf ;b:osf]

:yfg l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 . ut jif{ cu:6sf] cGtdf

Pp6f /fli6«o b}lgsn] o;af/] ;dfrf/ 5fKg'cl3 s'g}

klg g]tfn] To:tf] lgj]bg lbPsf lyPgg\ .22

;ef;båf/f ;+ljwfg pNn+3g / To;sf] sfg'gL

kl/0ffd ;fj{hlgs ePkl5 To;sf] k|efj :ki6 b]lvof] .

cWoIfn] ;b:ox?nfO{ pgLx?sf] cg'kl:yltsf] kl/0ffdaf/]

lg/Gt/ Wofgfsif{0f u/] klg jf:tf u/]sf lyPgg\, t/

ha ;dfrf/ k|sflzt eof] pgLx?n] labfsf] lgj]bg

btf{ ug{ ;lqmotf b]vfP .23 pQm klqsfsf] …kmnf]ck

l/kf]6{Ú cg';f/ g]sfF g]tf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] ;dfrf/

k|sfzg ePs} lbg labf :jLs[ltsf nflu lgj]bg btf{

u/]sf lyP24 eg] cGo g]tfx?n] klg s]xL lbgleq}

21 of] ts{ g]kfn af/ P;f]l;P;gsf tTsfnLg cWoIf ljZjsfGt

d}gfnLn] u/]sf lyP . x]g'{xf];\, kGt, vu]Gb| . @))( . oL uo] .

gofF klqsf, @ ;]K6]Da/, k[= @ .22 x]g'{xf];\, kGt, vu]Gb| . @))( . ;a} g]tf uon . gofF klqsf, #)

cu:6, k[= !, @ . /, kGt, vu]Gb| . @))( . cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#

cg';f/ dfwj, k|r08, lul/hf, emngfy, pk]Gb| / afa'/fdsf] ;+ljwfg;ef

;b:otf vf/]h x'g] . gofF klqsf, ! ;]K6]Da/, k[= !, @ . dfl6{g

rf}tf/Lsf] gLltkq @, sflt{s @)^^, k[= %–^ klg x]g'{xf];\, h'g

www.martinchautari.org.np df pknAw 5 .23 kGt, vu]Gb| . @))( . cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# cg';f/ dfwj,

k|r08, lul/hf, emngfy, pk]Gb| / afa'/fdsf] ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:otf

vf/]h x'g] . gofF klqsf, ! ;]K6]Da/, k[= @ .24 kGt, vu]Gb| . @))( . emngfyn] e]mnf u/] . gofF klqsf,

^ ;]K6]Da/, k[= @ .

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;'emfjcg'?k g]tfx?n] ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnLsf] bkmf

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dfly p4[t lgodfjnLdf n]lvPsf] 5 M sf/0fjz labfsf]

k"j{:jLs[lt lng ;Dej ePg eg] ;efdf pkl:yt ePsf]

tLg lbgleq cg'kl:yltsf] / k"j{:jLs[lt lng g;Sgfsf]

sf/0f;d]t v'nfpFb} lgj]bg lbg'k5{ . Ps t tL lgj]bgdf

æljleGg sf/0fjzÆ h:tf] c:ki6 sf/0f pNn]v ul/of],27

csf]{, To:tf] lgj]bg k"jf{k]IfL x'g] u/L :jLs[t ul/of]

hals lgodfjnLdf To:tf] s'g} k|fjwfg 5}g . utjif{

-;]K6]Da/ @))(_ df ;ef;bx?sf] cg'kl:ylt / ;f]sf]

;Defljt kl/0ffd ;fj{hlgs ePkl5 g]tfx?n] labf :jLs[t

u/fpg b]vfPsf] ;lqmotfafx]s ;b:ox?sf] Jojxf/df

tflŒjs kl/jt{g b]lvFb}g . /, ;b:ox? k"j{:jLs[lt glnO{

lg/Gt/ cg'kl:yt /xFb} cfPsf 5g\ .28 ;ef;bx? cfkmF}n]

agfPsf] lgodfjnL kl/kfng ug{ c;kmn /x]sf] tYonfO{

tnsf] v08df yk k/LIf0f / ljZn]if0f ul/G5 .

hftLo / ln+uLo leGgtf

^)! ;b:oLo ;+ljwfg;efdf $)$ k'¿if -^&=@@Ü_ /

!(& -#@=&*Ü_ dlxnf 5g\ . hftLo lx;fadf

;+ljwfg;efsf] :j?k s]nfpg] xf] eg] ToxfF @)) hgf

-##=@*Ü_ …cGoÚ k|ju{sf 5g\ -h;df a|fXd0f, If]qL,

7s'/L k5{g\_ . To:t}, ;efdf @!# -#%=$$Ü_ hghflt

-h;df g]jf/;d]t k5{g\_Ù !!! -!*=$&Ü_ dw];LÙ $(

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5g\ -x]g'{xf];\ lrq @_ . jt{dfg ;+ljwfg;ef, h:tf] ls

;w}F eGg] ul/G5, g]kfnsf] Oltxf;d} ;a}eGbf k|ltlglwd"ns

;+:yf xf] .

lrq @M hftLo lx;fadf ;+ljwfg;efsf] :j?k

;+ljwfg;efdf ;b:ox?sf] pkl:ylt s]nfpFbf k'¿if

;b:osf] t'ngfdf dlxnf ;ef;bx?sf] pkl:ylt s]xL

/fd|f] b]lvG5 . k'¿if ;ef;bsf] cf};t pkl:ylt b/

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-x]g'{xf];\ lrq #_ .

lrq #M ln+uLo lx;fadf pkl:ylt b/

ljleGg ;fdflhs ;d"xx?sf] ;+ljwfg;efdf pkl:ylt

s]nfpFbf kxf8L blntx?sf] pkl:ylt b/ cGo ;d'bfosf]

eGbf /fd|f] b]lvG5 . pgLx?sf] cf};t pkl:ylt b/

^( k|ltzt 5 . hghflt / …cGoÚ -a|fXd0f, If]qL,

25 x]g'{xf];\, kGt, vu]Gb| . @))( . kb hf]ufpg g]tfx?n] lbgyfn]

lgj]bg . gofF klqsf, ! ;]K6]Da/, k[= !, # . /, kGt, vu]Gb| . @))( .

k|r08n] aNn dfu] cl3Nnf] Ps jif{sf] labf . gofF klqsf, !! ;]K6]Da/,

k[= !, @ .26 kGt, vu]Gb| . @))( . kb hf]ufpg g]tfx?n] lbgyfn] lgj]bg .

gofF klqsf, ! ;]K6]Da/, k[= !, # .27 kGt, vu]Gb| . @))( . kb hf]ufpg g]tfx?n] lbgyfn] lgj]bg .

gofF klqsf, ! ;]K6]Da/, k[= # .28 kGt, vu]Gb| . @)!) . g]tf km]l/ uon . gofF klqsf,

!) hgj/L, k[= !, @ .

9


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7s'/L_ sf] cf};t pkl:ylt b/ sl/a ^$ k|ltzt 5 .

;d'bfosf] ?kdf df/jf8Lx? ;+ljwfg;efdf ;a}eGbf

sd pkl:yt ePsf 5g\ -hDdf %@Ü_ eg] dw];L

-%#Ü_ / d'l:nd -%^Ü_ ;d'bfosf] klg pkl:ylt b/

sdhf]/ 5 . dw];L ;d'bfoleq}sf dw];L blntsf]

pkl:ylt cln /fd|f] -^)Ü_ b]lvG5 t/ ;f] klg cf};t

pkl:ylt b/ -^#Ü_ eGbf sd xf] -x]g'{xf];\ lrq $_ .

lrq $M ljleGg ;fdflhs ;d"xsf] pkl:ylt b/

csf]{ v08df ;+ljwfg;efsf] k"0f{ a}7sdf ;ef;bx?n]

af]n]sf] clen]vnfO{ ljZn]if0f ul/g]5 .

;+ljwfg;efsf k"0f{ a}7s / d:of}bfcjwf/0ffkqdflysf 5nkmn

;+ljwfg;efsf !)! k"0f{ a}7sx?df hDdfhDdL #$&

306f #( ldg]6 vr{ eof] . cf};tdf Pp6f k"0f{ a}7s #

306f $$ ldg]6 ;~rfng ePsf] b]lvG5 . oL a}7sdWo]

;a}eGbf 5f]6f] kfFr ldg]6sf] lyof] eg] ;a}eGbf nfdf]

* 3G6f !% ldg]6sf] .29 ;+ljwfg;efsf !! cf]6f ;ldltsf

d:of}bf cjwf/0ffkqdfly 5nkmn ug{ 5'§ØfOPsf] ##)

306f -%% lbgdf_ dWo] ;efn] hDdf #@# 306f #*

ldg]6 pkof]u u¥of] . h'g tf]lsPsf] ;dosf] sl/a (*

k|ltzt xf] . Ps lbgsf nflu tf]lsPsf] ^ 306fsf]

7fpFdf cf};tdf %=* 306f 5nkmn ePsf] b]lvG5 .

;+ljwfg;efsf kfFr cf]6f ;ldlt M ;f+:s[lts /

;fdflhs P]Soa4tfsf] cfwf/ lgdf{0f ;ldltÙ df}lns

xs tyf lgb]{zs l;4fGt ;dltÙ ;+j}wflgs ;ldltÙ

/fHosf] zf;sLo :j?k lgwf{/0f ;ldltÙ / /fHo k'gM;+/rgf

tyf zlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldltsf a}7sx? dfq tf]lsPsf]

tL; 306f jf a9L 5nkmn eP . afFsL 5 cf]6f ;ldltsf

d:of}bf cjwf/0ffkqdfly ePsf 5nkmn 5'§ØfOPsf] tL;

306feGbf sd ;dodf ;lsPsf lyP . cNk;+Vos tyf

;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] xs–clwsf/ ;+/If0f ;ldltsf]

k|ltj]bgdflysf] 5nkmn ;a}eGbf sd ;dodf -@% 306f

@% ldg]6df_ ;DkGg ePsf] lyof], h'g tf]lsPsf] eGbf $

306f #% ldg]6 sd xf] . /fHo k'gM;+/rgf ;ldltsf]

k|ltj]bgdf eg] ;a}eGbf a9L ;do vlr{of]Ù tf]lsPsf]

eGbf sl/a ^ 306f a9L .

dfly cg';Gwfg k4lt v08df pNn]v ul/Pe}mF

bnx?dfem af]Ng] ;do pgLx?sf] ;+ljwfg;efdf slt

;b:o 5g\ To;sf] cfwf/df afFl8Psf] 5 . t;y{, bnLo

lx;fan] x]bf{ :jefljs ?kdf h'g bnsf w]/} ;b:o

5g\ ltg} bnsf w]/} ;b:on] af]n]sf] kfOG5 . t/

;fdflhs ;d"xsf] cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ lglZrt k|j[lQ

b]lvG5 -x]g'{xf];\ lrq % / ^_ . ;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfnon]

/ fv ]sf ] clen ]vcg ';f/ ;ldltx?sf d:of }b f

cjwf/0ffkqdf ePsf 5nkmndf af]Ng] jQmfsf] ;"rL

s]nfpFbf sl/a b'O{ ltxfO k'¿if -^^Ü_ / Ps ltxfO

dlxnf -#$Ü_ n] af]n]sf] kfOG5 . o;n] dlxnfx?

pkl:yt t a9L x'G5g\ t/ ha cledt JoQm ug]{ a]nf

cfpF5 ta k'¿if g} cl3 ;5{g\ eGg] b]lvG5 .

lrq %M ln+uLo cfwf/df ;+ljwfg;efsf jQmfx?

29 o;aLr b'O{ cf]6f a}7s ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L :ylut ul/Psf

lyP, h'g jf:tjdf sf]/d gk'u]/ :ylut ePsf x'g\ .

10


dfl6{g rf}tf/L


lrq ^M ;fdflhs ;d"xsf cfwf/df

;+ljwfg;efsf jQmfx?

lrq ^ n] ljleGg ;fdflhs ;d"xx?n] ;ldltsf

k|ltj]bgdfly ;+ljwfg;efsf] k"0f{ a}7sdf ePsf 5nkmndf

af]n]sf] k|ltzt b]vfpF5 . …cGoÚ ;d"xn] ;a}eGbf a9L

af]n]sf] b]lvG5 . af]Ng]x?dWo] of] k|ju{df kg]{ $@=@^

k|ltzt 5g\ h'g ;f] k|ju{sf ;b:osf] cg'kftdf sl/a *

k|ltztn] a9L xf] . ;du|df, alxis[t ;d"xsfx? cfk\mgf]

;d"xsf] jf:tljs ;b:o ;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf sd} af]N5g\ .

dw];L ;d"xsf] xsdf of] s'/f cem k|:6 b]lvG5 . dw];Lx?

;+ljwfg;efdf !*=$& k|ltzt 5g\ t/ af]Ng]dWo] pgLx?n]

!@=*# k|ltzt lx:;f dfq cf]u6\5g\ .

clen]v ljZn]if0f ubf{ s] klg b]lvG5 eg]

;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnLaf6 r'lgPsfx?n] ;ldltsf

k|ltj]bgdfly k|ToIf lgjf{lrtn] eGbf t'ngfTds lx;fan]

a9L af]n]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg;efdf ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg

k|0ffnL / k|ToIf lgjf{rg k|0ffnLaf6 r'lgPsf ;b:osf]

cg'kft ^)M$) 5 t/ ha ;+ljwfg;efdf af]Ng] s'/f

cfpF5 ;f] cg'kft ^&M## x'g hfG5 -x]g'{xf];\ lrq &_ .

lrq &M lgjf{rg k|0ffnLsf cfwf/df

;+ljwfg;efsf jQmfx?

leGgtf / sf/0fx?

;+ljwfg;efsf ;b:ox? / ;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfnosf

sd{rf/Lx?;Fu ul/Psf cGtjf{tf {af6 ;b:ox?sf]

-cg'_pkl:yltsf ljleGg sf/0f / ljZn]if0f kfOG5,

h;df aflx/L / leqL b'j} sf/0fx?n] e"ldsf v]n]sf

5g\ .

afXo ?kdf, 7"nf bnx?sf] Wofg ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf

eGbf ;/sf/ u7g of ;Qf k|flKtd} s]lGb|t ePsfn] sd

pkl:yltsf] ;du| bf]if pgLx?nfO{ g} lbOG5 . cGo

sf/0fdf ækf6L{sf] lhDd]jf/ ;b:oÆ ePsf gftfn] kf6L{sf]

sfddf ;xefuL x'g' kg]{, dtbftfx?sf ljsf; / cGo

u'gf;f ;'Gg lgjf{rg If]qsf] e|d0f ug'{kg]{, cflb atfOG5g\ .

kl5Nnf] sf/0f ljz]ifu/L ;dfg'kflts eGbf k|ToIf

lgjf{rgaf6 r'lgPsf k|ltlglwx?n] lbg] u/]sf 5g\ . Ps

;ef;bsf cg';f/ k|ToIf lgjf{lrt ePsfn] ubf{ pgLx?nfO{

lgjf{rg If]q e|d0f ug{ lgs} bafa k5{ .30 csf{ ;ef;bn]

ljut b'O{ jif{df @$$ lbg cfkm\gf] lgjf{rg If]q e|d0f

u/]sf] atfP, h;df af6f]df vr{ ePsf] %% lbgsf] lx;fa

u0fgf 5}g .31

afXo sf/0fs} s'/f ubf{ w]/} ;ef;bn] /fli6«o tyf

cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ klg

;b:osf] ;efdf sd pkl:yltsf nflu lhDd]jf/

7x¥ofP .32 cGtjf{tf{ ul/Psf ;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfnosf

sd{rf/Lsf] ljrf/df t ;ef;bx? u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf /

bft[ lgsfosf sfo{qmd uPs}n] Tolt lj£g uon ePsf

x'g\ . ;ef;bx? xflh/dfq} u/]/ To:tf sfo{qmddf hfg]

u/]sf] klg kfOPkl5 cWoIf g]Djfªn] ;r]t;d]t u/fPsf

lyP .33 To;}u/L, ;ef;bx?sf] ljb]z e|d0f—h'g ljz]ifu/L

ljb]zL bft[ lgsfo, ldq/fi6«sf b"tfjf; / cGt/f{li6«o

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] cfof]hg / Joj:yfkg u5{g\—klg

;ef;bx?sf] ;+ljwfg;efdf sd pkl:yltsf] sf/s

30 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{, @) h'nfO{ @)!) .31 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{, & h'nfO{ @)!) .32 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf cGtjf{tf{x?, !%, !( / @! k]ma|'c/L

@)!) .33 /fjn, /fdaxfb'/ . @)!) . 3'dlkm/d} ;ef;b . g]kfn !)-#^_M #$ .

11


dfl6{g rf}tf/L


atfOG5 .34 ;ef;bx? ;xefuL x'g] u}/;/sf/L -/fli6«o

/ cGt/f{li6«o b'j}_ ;+:yfsf sfo{qmdx?sf] l/s8{ kfpg

sl7g 5, lsgeg] Ps} lbgdf ;+ljwfg;DaGwL w]/} sfo{qmd

e}/x]sf x'G5g\ .35 To;}u/L ;ef;bx?n] u/]sf ljb]z

e|d0fsf] clen]v kfpg ;lhnf] 5}g . ljb]z hfgsf

nflu rflxg] le;fsf nflu l;kmfl/;sf nflu ;ef;bx?n]

cg'/f]w u/]sf v08df To;sf] l/s8{ ;lrjfnodf /flvg]

eP klg ;a}n] le;fsf] l;kmfl/; gvf]Hg] / l;kmfl/;

lnPsf ;a}n] ljb]z uP–guPsf] hfgsf/L glbg] x'gfn]

;f] clen]vaf6 ljb]z e|d0faf/] ;xL hfgsf/L kfpg

;Dej 5}g . ;ef;bx?sf] ljb]z e|d0faf/] s'g} s]Gb|Ls[t

hfgsf/L cyjf bft[ lgsfox?aLr o:tf sfo{df ;dGjo

ePsf] kfOPg .36 clk|n @)!) df k|sflzt Ps ;dfrf/

l/kf]6{cg';f/ !^% eGbf a9L ;b:ox? pgLx? lgjf{lrt

eP/ cfO;s]kl5 ljb]z e|d0fdf u};s]sf 5g\—sf]xL t

b; k6s;Dd klg .37 oLdWo] w]/} e|d0f sfo{qmdsf]

cfof]hgfdf ljb]zL ;+:yf, s"6gLlts lgof]u / bftfx?sf]

;+nUgtf 5 . ;+ljwfg;ef cfk}Fmn] klg !) cf]6f ;d"xdf

u/L sl/a &) hgf ;b:ox?nfO{ cfkm\g} vr{df ljleGg

d'n'sdf cWoog e|d0fsf gfpFdf k7fO;s]sf] 5 .38

;ef;bx?n] ;'¿cftL lbgdf /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf sfo{qmdx? 7"nf] ;+Vofdf efu

lnPsf] atfP . t/, kl5Nnf lbgdf cfk"mx? r'lgGbf

sfo{qmddf dfq hfg] pgLx?sf] syg lyof] .39

;+ljwfg;efsf cfGtl/s sf/0fx?n] klg ;b:osf]

pkl:yltdf e"ldsf v]n]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg;efdf x'g]

k|:t'ltsf] k|lqmofn] e"ldsf v]n]sf] sltko ;ef;bn]

atfP M pgLx?sf cg';f/ k|foM ;+ljwfg;efdf bnsf

7"nf g]tfn] klxnf af]Ng] / To;kl5 cGo ;b:on]

af]N5g\ . kl5 af]Ng]n] g]tfs} s'/f bf]xf]¥ofpg] ePsfn]

ax;–5nkmn k6Øf/nfUbf] x'g hfG5 .40 ;ef;bx?sf

cg';f/ d'Vo g]t[Tjn] kfFrlbg] 5nkmnsf] klxnf] lbgsf]

klxnf] ;qsf] ;'¿df @)–@% ldg]6 ;do lnP/ -cGo

;b:osf] ;do ;fk6L lnP/_ kf6L{sf] gLlt / nfOg

k|:6 kfg]{ / To;kl5sf lbgx?df cGo ;b:on] g]tfn]

lbPsf] nfOgnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpg] ubf{ cGonfO{ ;'Ggsf nflu

s'g} pT;fx of hfFu/ /xFb}g .41 g]tfx? g} ha uon

x'G5g\ eg] s]xL xf]nf eGg] ljZjf; gx'g] ePsfn] klg

;b:ox? cg'kl:yt ePsf] x'g;Sg] s]xLn] ts{ u/] .42

;du|df, >]0fLa4 /fhgLlts ;+:sf/ k|:6 b]lvG5––

h;cg'?k d'Vo /fhgLlts g]t[Tjn] ax;sf] lbzflgb]{z

u5{g\ / tnsfn] ltgnfO{ k5ØfpF5g\ .

sd pkl:yltaf/] k|Zg ul/Fbf k|foM lbOg] pQ/dWo]

Pp6f xf], Hofb} sd af]Ng] ;do -tLg ldg]6_ .43

sltkon] s]xL of]ubfg} k'¥ofpg g;Sg] ePkl5 pkl:yt

x'g'sf] s'g} cy{ gx'g] atfP .44 t/, s]xLn] oL sf/0fnfO{

r'gf}tL lbP / eg] M tL axfgf dfq x'g\ . rfxg] xf] eg]

s'g} klg ljifodf lnlvt ;'emfj lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf

5 . ;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfno ;|f]tcg';f/ xfn;Dd Pp6}

34 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf cGtjf{tf{x?, !%, !( / @! k]ma|'c/L @)!) .35 bft[ lgsfo, /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] lbg]

e|d0f vr{ / cGo /sd tL ;+:yfsf sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g cfslif{t

ug]{ tTj ePsf] s]xL ;ef;bn] atfP . o:tf sfo{qmdn] ;ef;bx?nfO{

;+ljwfg n]Vg] pgLx?sf] k|fylds bfloTjaf6 s]xL xb;Dd ljd'v u/]

klg ltgnfO{ l;Sg] cj;/ / st{Josf] lx:;fsf] ?kdf klg x]g{ ;lsG5 .

t/, cfkm\gf] bfloTj lgjf{x ubf{ klg ;ef;bx?n] e|d0f vr{ / cGo

/sd kfpFbf ;f] dfgs -gd{_ aGg hfg] 8/ 5 . dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] bft[

lgsfosf k|ltlglw;Fu u/]sf cGtjf{tf{x?, !! / @) cu:6 @)!) .36 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] ;ef;bx?sf] ljb]z e|d0faf/] bft[ lgsfox?;Fu

vf]h]sf] ;"rgf / hfgsf/L yf]/} dfq k|fKt eof] . o;af6 bftfx?

:jo+sf] kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]lxtfaf/] k|Zg p7\5 .37 /fjn, /fdaxfb'/ . @)!). 3'dlkm/d} ;ef;b . g]kfn !)-#^_M

#$–#^ . df p4[t ul/Pcg';f/ .38 ;dfrf/ l/kf]6{cg';f/ ;ef;bsf] ljb]z e|d0fdf sl/j !) nfv

vr{ ePsf] 5 . x]g'{xf];\, /fjn, /fdaxfb'/ . @)!). 3'dlkm/d} ;ef;b .

g]kfn !)-#^_M #$–#^ . ;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfnon] ;ef;bx?sf] rog

k|lqmofdf kf/blz{tf gckgfPsf] d'2f ;ef;bx?n] p7fPsf 5g\ . dfl6{g

rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf cGtjf{tf{x?, !* / !^ h'nfO{ @)!) .

39 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf cGtjf{tf{x?, !% / @! k]ma|'c/L @)!) .40 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf cGtjf{tf{x?, @! k]ma|'c/L, !& / @% d]

@)!) .41 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{, @% d] @)!) .42 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{, !& d] @)!) .43 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{, !% k]ma|'c/L @)!) .44 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf cGtjf{tf{x?, !%, !&, @# / @% k]ma|'c/L

@)!) .

12


dfl6{g rf}tf/L


;b:on] klg of] Joj:yfsf] pkof]u u/]sf] 5}g, l;jfo

ljleGg d:of}bf cjwf/0ffkqdf km/sdt hfx]/ ug'{ .45

To:t}, ;ldltsf] cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bf tof/ ul/;s]kl5

bfloTj ;lsof] eG7fg]/ ;b:o cg'kl:yt ePsf] x'g;Sg]

;Defjgf klg s;}n] JoQm u/] .46

dlxnf tyf k'¿ifsf] cf};t pkl:ylt b/df b]lvPsf]

leGgtfaf/] k|Zg ubf{ b'j} -dlxnf / k'¿if_ n] dlxnfx?sf]

cg'zf;g, nugzLntf / l;Sg vf]Hg] tbf¿stf, cflb

u'0fn] ubf{ pgLx?sf] /fd|f] xflh/L l/s8{ ePsf]tk{m

hf]8 lbP . s]xLsf] yk ts{ s] klg /Xof] eg] w]/}

dlxnf ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnLdfk{mt lgjf{lrt ePsfn]

pgLx? k|ToIf lgjf{lrteGbf sd Jo:t x'G5g\ . k'¿ifx?

dGqL aGg] xf]8df nfUg] of nfesf kbsf k5fl8 bf}8g]

t/ dlxnfx? To:tf sfddf k|foM sd ;+nUg x'g]

ePsfn] dlxnfx?sf] pkl:ylt b/ /fd|f] ePsf] xf] .47

Ps dlxnf ;ef;bnfO{ s]xL g]t[x?sf] sd pkl:yltaf/]

k|Zg ubf{ pgn] tL g]t[x?n] cfk"mnfO{ jl/i7 7fg]sf] /

cGo jl/i7 g]tfe}mF cfk"mnfO{ a]k'm;{bL b]vfpg vf]h]sf]

x'g ;Sg] atfOg\ .48

;+ljwfg;efsf clen]v ljZn]if0f ubf{ dlxnfx?sf]

pkl:ylt k'¿ifx?sf] t'ngfdf /fd|f] kfOP klg ;efdf

s'/f /fVg] of af]Ng] dfldnfdf pgLx?sf] ;xeflutf

Tolt pT;fxk|b b]lvFb}g . k'¿ifx? sd pkl:yt eP

klg af]Ng] a]nfdf cl3 b]lvG5g\ . dlxnfx?n] af]Ng

gkfpg' of g;Sg'df bnsf k|d'v ;r]tsx? k'¿if x'g'—

h;n] k|foM bnsf tk{maf6 sf] af]N5 eGg] lgwf{/0f

u5{—tk{m klg O+lut ul/of] .49 /, 7"nf g]tfx?n] af]Ng

tf]lsPsf] ;dosf] w]/} lx:;f pkof]u ug]{ x'gfn] dlxnfsf]

efudf sd ;do kg]{ ts{ klg s;}sf] /Xof] .50

;du|df, ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf gofF cg'xf/ / alxis[t

;d'bfosfx?sf] sd ;xeflutfsf nflu pgLx?sf]

sdhf]/ cfTdan / :yfgLo / /fli6«o /fhgLltdf x'g]

leGgtf klg sf/ssf] ?kdf s]xLn] hgfP .51 hghfltsf

xsdf …z'4Ú g]kfnLdf af]Ng g;Sg', / ljifout 1fgsf]

cefjn] klg pgLx?sf] sd ;xeflutfsf nflu e"ldsf

v]n]sf] x'g ;Sg] atfOof] .52

t'ngfTds lx;fan] x]bf{ :ki6 ?kdf dw];L ;ef;b

cGo ;d"xsfx?sf] t'ngfdf w]/} uon x'g] dfq xf]Og,

af]Ng] ;do klg sd pkof]u u/]sf] kfOof] . o;k5fl8sf]

sf/0f s]nfpFbf efiff / ;DalGwt ljifosf] 1fg53 sf

cltl/Qm dfwjs'df/ g]kfnsf] g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/df ;fd]n

x'g] gx'g] d'2fdf dhkmf]df cfPsf] ljjfbsf sf/0f ePsf]

ljefhgnfO{ ;d]t s]xLn] cf}FNofP .54 kf6L{ tnb]lv

dfly;Dd b'O{ km\ofsdf ljefhg x'Fbf o;n] kf6L{sf

;b:ox?sf] cfTdan lgs} sdhf]/ t'Nofof] / kmntM

;efdf pgLx?sf] pkl:yltdf ;d]t uDeL/ ?kn] k|efj

kf¥of] .55 hf] ljhos'df/ uR5bf/tk{m nfu] pgLx? ;/sf/df

;fd]n eP, ;Qfdf ¿dlnP, / ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ e'n] . hf]

pk]Gb| ofbjtk{m nfu] pgLx? lhNnfdf kf6L{sf] l:ylt

dha't agfpg]tk{m nfluk/] / ;+ljwfg;efdf uon eP .

o;afx]s, dw];L ;ef;bdf ;+ljwfg;efn] dw];L d'2f

;Daf]wg u5{ eGg]df sd} ljZjf; /x]sfn] klg a]jf:tf

ePsf] eGg] Pssf] ts{ /Xof] .56 oBlk, s]xL cfTdfnf]rgfsf

45 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] ;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfnosf sd{rf/L;Fu lnPsf

cGtjf{tf{x?, !* k]ma|'c/L / !& d] @)!) .46 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{, !& d] @)!) .47 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf cGtjf{tf{x?, !& / !* k]ma|'c/L @)!) .48 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{, @% d] @)!) .49 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{, @% d] @)!) .50 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{, !& d] @)!) .

51 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{, @% d] @)!) .52 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf cGtjf{tf{x?, * ;]K6]Da/ @)!) .53 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf cGtjf{tf{x?, @! k]ma|'c/L / !& d] @)!) .54 tTsfnLg g]skf–dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/df dhkmf] Pp6f

dxŒjk"0f{ ;fe]mbf/ lyof] . tTsfnLg ;]gf k|d'v ¿Sdf+ub s6jfnnfO{

avf{:t ug]{ qmddf pQm ;/sf/ ktg eof] . To;kl5 ag]sf] dfwjs'df/

g]kfnsf] g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/df ;fd]n x'g]–gx'g] ljifonfO{ lnP/ dhkmf]

ljeflht eof] . yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu x]g'{xf];\ dfl6{g rf}tf/Lsf] gLltkq

!, h'g www.martinchautari.org.np df pknAw 5 .55 dhkmf] 6'qmgcl3 ;f] bnsf] pkl:ylt b/ ljeflht ePkl5 eGbf

s]xL a9L -qmdzM %&=(^Ü / %@=*&Ü_ t lyof], t/ b'j} cf};t pkl:ylt

b/ -^#Ü_ eGbf sd 5g\ .56 jl/i7 dw];L g]tf Pj+ ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o;Fu dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln]

lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{, !& k]ma|'c/L @)!) .

13


dfl6{g rf}tf/L


:j/ klg ;'lgP . dw];Lx? yf]/}n] dfq uDeL/ u[xsfo{

u/]sf], p2]Zo k|:6 gePsf], JolQmut :jfy{df lnKt ePsf]

/ cfkm\gf] bfloTj s] xf] eGg] ga'e]msfn] pgLx?sf]

pkl:ylt sd ePsf] ts{ s]xLsf] /Xof] .57

blnt ;ef;bsf xsdf pgLx?n] sd af]Ng'sf

k5fl8 P]ltxfl;s sf/0fn] ubf{ ePsf] sdhf]/ cfTdan

klg Ps sf/0f /x]sf] atfOof] . blntx?sf] s]xL

/fhgLlts cg'ej eP klg ;f] ;+ljwfg;efsf] /f]i6«ddf

pleP/ af]Ng'eGbf leGg ePsf] atfOof] . dw];L blntsf

xsdf cGo sf/0fcltl/Qm pQm ;d"xaf6 w]/} dlxnf

;ef;b ePsf] ts{ klg ul/of], h:fn] O+lut u/]sf] s'/f

lyof]—k'¿ifeGbf dlxnf sd af]N5g\ .58

dw];L / blnt ;ef;bx?n] s] klg k|:6 atfP eg]

pgLx?n] kf6L{sf] nfOg of XjLk dfGg' k5{ / nfOgaflx/

uP/ af]Ng]lalQs} cfFvL eOG5 .59 Ps dw];L ;ef;bn]

dfcf]jfbL, g]sfF, Pdfn] h:tf 7"nf bndf kf6L{–gLlt of

nfOg k5Øfpg' kg]{ / aflx/ hfg g;lsg] u'gf;f] ub}{ eg],

7"nf bndf pgLx?nfO{ 6f]sgsf] ?kdf dfq ;fd]n ul/Psf]

5 . pgn] yk], æolb b]zsf] d"n sfg'g agfpg cfPsfx?

g} :jtGqk"j{s af]Ng ;Sb}gg\ eg], cfkm\gf] ;d'bfosf] rf;f]af/]

af]Ng ;Sb}gg\ eg] s:tf] ;+ljwfg aGnf <Æ60 csf{ dw];L

;ef;bn] eg] cfkm\gf] bnsf] g]tfn] s:n] af]ln/x]sf] 5 /

5}g eGg] jf:t} gu/]sf] atfP, / pgsf] bndf s:n] af]Ng]–

gaf]Ng] eGg]df lje]b gePsf] ;+s]t u/] .61 ;+ljwfg;ef

;lrjfno ;|f]tcg';f/ tf]lsPsf] eGbf sd ;dodf ljleGg

;ldltsf 5nkmn ;lsg' k5fl8 dw];L bnn] cfkm\gf] efudf

k/]sf] ;do klg k"/f pkof]u gug'{ xf] .62

;+ljwfg;efdf sf] af]Ng] / sf] gaf]Ng] eGg] s'/fdf

d'Vo e"ldsf g]tfx?sf] x'g] w]/}n] atfP .63 w]/} g]tfx?

;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k4ltaf6 rog ePsfn] w]/} jQmfx?

klg ;dfg'kfltsaf6} ePsf] x'g;Sg] s]xLsf] cg'dfg

lyof] .64

lgisif{

;ef;bx?sf] pkl:ylt / pgLx?n] ;+ljwfg;efdf af]n]sf]

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al9/x]sf] 5 To;df ;d:of 5 eGg] b]vfpF5 . @)^@÷)^#

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a]nf /fhgLlts bn / /fhgLlts k|lqmofdf ?kfGt/0f

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bnx? k'/fg} 9/f{df rn]sf 5g\ .

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/, ToxfF ;b:osf] :jljj]snfO{ :yfg 5}g . bnx?sf]

>]0fLa4 ;+/rgf -xfo/fsL{_ / XjLksf] Joj:yfn]

;+ljwfg;efsf] ultljlw / ax;dfly bnx?sf] k"0f{

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;dfj]zL lgjf{lrt pRr lgsfo elgP klg ;+ljwfg;efsf]

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/ ;LdfGts[tx?sf] alxis/0f b]vfpF5 .

o;/L x]bf {, ;+ljwfg;efdf af]Ng]x?sf] k|j[lQ

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;d]6\b}g . t;y{, ;xeflutfsf] s'/f ubf{ ;ldltx?d}—57 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf cGtjf{tf{x?, !& / @^ d] @)!) .58 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf cGtjf{tf{x?, !^, !& / @% d] @)!) .59 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf cGtjf{tf{x?, !^, !& / @^ d] @)!) .60 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{, @^ d] @)!) .61 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{, !& d] @)!) .62 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{, !@ hgj/L @)!) .63 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] ;ef;b / ;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfnosf sd{rf/L;Fu

lnPsf cGtjf{tf{x?, !& / @% d] @)!) .

64 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{, !& d] @)!) .65 yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu x]g'{xf];\ dfl6{g rf}tf/L gLlt kq !,

;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmof, h]7 @)^^, h'g www.martinchautari.org.np

df pknAw 5 .66 x]g'{xf];\ www.lawcomission.gov.np -!@ ;]K6]Da/ @)!) df x]l/Psf]_ .

14


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ljz]ifu/L ToxfF kfOg] v'nf / cgf}krfl/s jftfj/0fn]

ubf{ klg—dxŒjk"0f{ sfd ePsf] 5 / w]/} ;ef;bx?n]

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JolQmut ljrf/x? /fVg] :jtGqtf lbg'k5{ . t/ k|:6}

5, To:tf] e}/x]sf] 5}g / ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL Pj+

/fhgLlts bnsf k|lqmofx?n] ubf{ of] dxŒjk"0f{ d~rsf]

dxQf 36]sf] 5 .

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lg/Gt/tf lbPsf 5g\ .

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k|:6 x'G5 . ;ef;bx? vf;df b]zsf] d"n sfg'g n]Vg

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x'g\ . /, gofF ;+ljwfg n]Vg] sfd /fd|/L ;DkGg u/]sf]

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kf/bzL{ k|lqmof cfjZos 5 eGg] tYo k|:6 x'G5 .

gful/s clwsf/x?, ;"rgfsf] :jtGqtf, :jtGq,

ax'n / lgikIf ldl8of, alnof] gful/s ;dfh /

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df pknAw 5 .

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u/]sf cGtjf{tf{x?, @ ;]K6]Da/ @)!) .

Documents

;+ljwfg;efdf · 2 gLlt kq (Policy Paper), cÍ $, c;f]h @)^& dfl6{g rf }tf/L;+ljwfg;efdf pkl:ylt / ;xeflutf kl/ro cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# n ] tf ]s]sf ] ; +ljwfg;efsf ] b O'{jif]{ cfo