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Lisa Lowe USA401H1S / COL2100H1 924 October, 2012 IN209 4:006:30 PM Asian diasporas: migration, memory, imagination "Diaspora" provides a suggestive concept for the study of modern world histories of displacement and connection of peoples originating from a single region or location, like Asia, permitting analyses that highlight global processes usually left out of nation based histories. “Diaspora” contains the contradictions of the impulse toward cultural unity, on the one hand, and the ruptures of separation and dislocation, on the other hand. From the Greek word meaning the sowing of seeds, diaspora had been primarily used to convey the integrity and homogeneity of the Jewish Diaspora, dispersed yet unified by religion, text, and culture; more recently, it has been expanded to refer the projects of remaking the sociality of various peoples who were at one time unified, and then forcibly displaced. The study of “African diaspora” powerfully conceptualizes the global history of people of African descent living outside of the continent of Africa; it is both a unifying term enabling scholars to discuss centuries of Africandescendant communities dispersed across national boundaries, as well as a way to discuss the recuperation of histories of captivity, enslavement, and forced labor in the aftermath of the Atlantic slave trade. Scholars employ “Asian diaspora” to refer to the global migrations of peoples from various East, South, and Southeast Asian national origins. In this seminar, we will test the critical capacity of the concept of “Asian diaspora,” employing it to study both the displacements and connections of Asian peoples within a range of modern processes of dislocation, i.e., through colonialism, imperial trade, war, or labor immigration. In the first week, we will consider the concept of “Asian diaspora” for the study of the nineteenthcentury emigrations of Chinese and Indian workers that were so central to the emergence of the world system and expansion of the modern global economy; trades brought Asian workers to French and Dutch colonies in the Indian Ocean, Spanish Cuba and Peru, the British West Indies, Hawaii, and the United States and Canada. In these contexts, Asian workers were often part of multigroup workforces that included African slaves and other forms of coerced or unfree labor. We will also explore “Asian diaspora,” in the second week, to examine the explosion of migration and immigration from Asia to North America in the second half of the twentieth century, in relation to U.S. wars in Asia and the Pacific, particularly, in Korea and Vietnam. “Asian diaspora” may be a means to articulate the collective memory and retrieval of histories occluded by official nationalisms, whether of origin, or of the new nation in which the diaspora settles. Following captivity, war, colonialism, or persecution, “diaspora” may be a medium of collective unity through which the “trauma” of dispersal can be made legible, in which a collective reckoning, mourning, or reconstruction may be attempted. Yet if the concept stresses only collective cultural identifications, “diaspora” may itself obscure some of the political economic logics of colonial or imperial states that led to displacement or exploitation.

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Lisa  Lowe               USA401H1S  /  COL2100H1  9-­‐24  October,  2012             IN209  4:00-­‐6:30  PM            

Asian  diasporas:    migration,  memory,  imagination    "Diaspora"  provides  a  suggestive  concept  for  the  study  of  modern  world  histories  of  displacement  and  connection  of  peoples  originating  from  a  single  region  or  location,  like  Asia,  permitting  analyses  that  highlight  global  processes  usually  left  out  of  nation-­‐based  histories.    “Diaspora”  contains  the  contradictions  of  the  impulse  toward  cultural  unity,  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  ruptures  of  separation  and  dislocation,  on  the  other  hand.    From  the  Greek  word  meaning  the  sowing  of  seeds,  diaspora  had  been  primarily  used  to  convey  the  integrity  and  homogeneity  of  the  Jewish  Diaspora,  dispersed  yet  unified  by  religion,  text,  and  culture;  more  recently,  it  has  been  expanded  to  refer  the  projects  of  remaking  the  sociality  of  various  peoples  who  were  at  one  time  unified,  and  then  forcibly  displaced.    The  study  of  “African  diaspora”  powerfully  conceptualizes  the  global  history  of  people  of  African  descent  living  outside  of  the  continent  of  Africa;  it  is  both  a  unifying  term  enabling  scholars  to  discuss  centuries  of  African-­‐descendant  communities  dispersed  across  national  boundaries,  as  well  as  a  way  to  discuss  the  recuperation  of  histories  of  captivity,  enslavement,  and  forced  labor  in  the  aftermath  of  the  Atlantic  slave  trade.    Scholars  employ  “Asian  diaspora”  to  refer  to  the  global  migrations  of  peoples  from  various  East,  South,  and  Southeast  Asian  national  origins.    In  this  seminar,  we  will  test  the  critical  capacity  of  the  concept  of  “Asian  diaspora,”  employing  it  to  study  both  the  displacements  and  connections  of  Asian  peoples  within  a  range  of  modern  processes  of  dislocation,  i.e.,  through  colonialism,  imperial  trade,  war,  or  labor  immigration.          In  the  first  week,  we  will  consider  the  concept  of  “Asian  diaspora”  for  the  study  of  the  nineteenth-­‐century  emigrations  of  Chinese  and  Indian  workers  that  were  so  central  to  the  emergence  of  the  world  system  and  expansion  of  the  modern  global  economy;  trades  brought  Asian  workers  to  French  and  Dutch  colonies  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  Spanish  Cuba  and  Peru,  the  British  West  Indies,  Hawaii,  and  the  United  States  and  Canada.    In  these  contexts,  Asian  workers  were  often  part  of  multi-­‐group  workforces  that  included  African  slaves  and  other  forms  of  coerced  or  unfree  labor.    We  will  also  explore  “Asian  diaspora,”  in  the  second  week,  to  examine  the  explosion  of  migration  and  immigration  from  Asia  to  North  America  in  the  second  half  of  the  twentieth  century,  in  relation  to  U.S.  wars  in  Asia  and  the  Pacific,  particularly,  in  Korea  and  Vietnam.  “Asian  diaspora”  may  be  a  means  to  articulate  the  collective  memory  and  retrieval  of  histories  occluded  by  official  nationalisms,  whether  of  origin,  or  of  the  new  nation  in  which  the  diaspora  settles.    Following  captivity,  war,  colonialism,  or  persecution,  “diaspora”  may  be  a  medium  of  collective  unity  through  which  the  “trauma”  of  dispersal  can  be  made  legible,  in  which  a  collective  reckoning,  mourning,  or  reconstruction  may  be  attempted.    Yet  if  the  concept  stresses  only  collective  cultural  identifications,  “diaspora”  may  itself  obscure  some  of  the  political  economic  logics  of  colonial  or  imperial  states  that  led  to  displacement  or  exploitation.    

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To  counter  this,  in  the  third  week,  we  will  consider  the  possibility  of  rearticulating  diaspora  as  a  critique  of  national  essentialism,  or  as  means  of  forging  new  political  imaginations  of  collaborative  struggle  across  differences.    This  cultural  studies  seminar  emphasizes  interdisciplinary  approaches  –  drawing  from  history,  literature  and  anthropology  –  to  assess  the  concept  of  Asian  diaspora  in  a  global  framework.            

Course  Requirements    The  seminar  will  be  concentrated  in  eleven  class  meetings  over  three  weeks,  October  9-­‐24,  and  will  include  the  following  course  requirements:    Reading  Responses:  Students  are  asked  to  post  short  responses  to  the  reading  on  the  Blackboard  website  discussion  board.    These  responses  should  be  around  200  words  each  and  should  reflect  critically  on  the  assigned  readings.    The  course  requires  that  you  post  on  the  assigned  readings  for  six  of  the  eleven  classes;  e.g.,  one  possible  schedule  would  be  that  you  write  two  posts  each  week  during  the  three  week  course.    Please  observe  the  following  suggested  posting  schedule,  designed  to  keep  you  on  top  of  the  reading  and  enable  timely  feedback:  post  two  responses  for  the  first  week  of  assigned  readings  before  October  8th;  post  additional  responses  for  week  2  assigned  readings  before  Tuesday,  October  16th;  and  post  responses  for  week  3  assigned  readings  no  later  than  Tuesday,  October  23rd.    You  are  encouraged  to  engage  with  one  another  in  your  responses.    Weight:  30%  

Collaborative  presentations:    Students  will  take  part  in  paired  or  small  group  collaborations,  one  for  each  week’s  unit,  ultimately  sharing  their  perspectives  with  the  class  in  a  20-­‐minute  presentation.    Students  will  work  outside  class  to  discuss  and  identify  the  stakes,  methods,  and  objectives  of  the  assigned  materials,  and  each  week,  student  groups  will  lead  and  involve  the  class  in  a  discussion  of  the  interventions  the  works  are  making;  e.g.,  What  concept  of  “diaspora”  does  the  reading  uphold?  Into  what  debates  are  the  pieces  intervening,  how  and  why,  and  for  what  ends?    Which  disciplinary  or  theoretical  concepts  are  being  criticized,  and  which  employed?  Groups  are  welcome  to  bring  in  additional  materials,  if  relevant.    Weight:  30%  

Final  Paper:    The  final  paper  is  to  be  12-­‐15  pages,  and  engaged  with  the  course  material.  Further  instructions  will  be  available  in  class.  Due  Wednesday  December  5th.  Weight:  40%  

 

 

 

 

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Articles  and  documents  will  be  posted  and  available  on  course  website:  Walton  Look  Lai,  “Asian  Contract  and  Free  Migrations  to  the  Americas,”  in  Coerced     and  Free  Migration,  ed.  D.  Eltis  (Stanford,  2002),  pp.  228-­‐258.  Stuart  Hall,  "Cultural  Identity  and  Diaspora,"  in  Colonial  Discourse  and  Postcolonial       Theory,  eds.  P.  Morley  and  L.  Chrisman  (Columbia,  1994),  pp.  393-­‐403  Brent  Edwards,  “The  Uses  of  Diaspora”  Social  Text  66,  19.1  (2011):  45-­‐73.  Lisa  Lowe,  “The  Intimacies  of  Four  Continents”  Haunted  by  Empire,  ed.  A.  L.  Stoler       (Duke  UP,  2006),  pp.  191-­‐212.  Great  Britain  Colonial  Office  Correspondence  (selections)  Moon-­‐Ho  Jung,  “Outlawing  ‘Coolies’:  Race,  Nation,  and  Empire  in  the  Age  of  

Emancipation,”  American  Quarterly  57:3  (Sept  2005):    677-­‐701  Madhavi  Kale,  Chapters  1-­‐2,  from  Fragments  of  Empire:  Capital,  Slavery,  and  Indian       Indentured  Labor  in  the  British  Caribbean  (U  Pennsylvania,  1998),  pp.  12-­‐65  Lisa  Yun,  “An  Afro-­‐Chinese  Caribbean:    Cultural  Cartographies  of  Contrariness  in       Antonio  Chuffat  Latour,  Margaret  Cezair-­‐Thompson,  and  Patricia  Powell,”       Caribbean  Quarterly  50,  No.  2  (Summer  2004):    26-­‐43.  W.  W.  Rostow,  An  American  Policy  in  Asia  (MIT  and  Wiley,  1955),  pp.  1-­‐7  Henry  R.  Luce,  “An  American  Century,”  [orig.  pub.  1941]  reprinted  in  American       Legacy,  ed.  M.  Hogan  (Cambridge,  1999),  pp.  11-­‐29  T.  Fujitani,  Geoffrey  White,  Lisa  Yoneyama,  eds.,  Introduction,  Perilous  Memories:         The  Asia-­‐Pacific  War(s)  (Duke,  2001),  pp.  1-­‐29  Jodi  Kim,  Introduction,  Chapter  1,  Ends  of  Empire:    Asian  American  Critique                                and  the  Cold  War    (U  Minnesota,  2010),  pp.  1-­‐62  Yen  Le  Espiritu,  "We-­‐Win-­‐Even-­‐When-­‐We-­‐Lose  Syndrome:  U.S.  Press  Coverage  of       the  25th  Anniversary  of  the  'Fall  of  Saigon,'"  American  Quarterly  58:2    

(June  2006):    329-­‐352  U.S.  Immigration  and  Nationality  Act  of  1952  (McCarran-­‐Walter  Act)  U.K.  Commonwealth  Immigration  Act  of  1962  Lisa  Lowe,  Chapter  1,  Immigrant  Acts  (Duke,  1996),  pp.  1-­‐36  A.  Sivanandan,  A  Different  Hunger:    Writings  on  Black  Resistance  (Pluto,  1982),  pp.  5-­‐54  Gayatri  Gopinath,  “Archive,  Affect,  and  the  Everyday,”  in  Political  Emotions:  New       Agendas  for  Communication,  eds.  J.  Staiger  et  al.  (Routledge,  2010)      Books  available  for  purchase  at  the  University  of  Toronto  Bookstore:  Lok  Siu  and  R.  Parreñas,  eds.  Asian  Diasporas:    New  Formations,  New  Conceptions     (Stanford,  2007)  Patricia  Powell,  The  Pagoda  (Harcourt,  1998)  Chang-­‐Rae  Lee,  A  Gesture  Life  (Riverhead,  2000)  Lê  Thi  Diem  Thuy,  The  Gangster  We  Are  All  Looking  For  (Anchor,  2004)  Shyam  Selvadurai,  ed.,  Story-­‐Wallah:  Short  Fiction  from  South  Asian  Writers     (Houghton  Mifflin,  2004)  Michael  Ondaatje,  Anil’s  Ghost  (Vintage,  2000)  

   

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Schedule  of  assigned  readings  and  discussions      Week  1   diaspora  and  the  intimacies  of  four  continents    Tu  Oct  9   W.  Look-­‐Lai,  “Asian  Contract”;  L.  Lowe,  “Intimacies”;    

B.  Edwards,  “Uses  of  Diaspora”;  S.  Hall,  “Cultural  Identity”    W  Oct  10   M.  Kale,  Chapters  1-­‐2,  from  Fragments  of  Empire  

M.-­‐H.  Jung,  “Outlawing”    Selected  colonial  office  documents    

Th  Oct  11   P.  Powell,  The  Pagoda;  L.  Yun,  “An  Afro-­‐Chinese  Caribbean”  

    First  group  presentation      Week  2   diaspora  and  the  aftermaths  of  war    Tu  Oct  16   W.  W.  Rostow,  from  An  American  Policy;       H.  Luce,  “American  Century”;  

T.  Fujitani,  G.  White,  L.  Yoneyama,  Introduction  to  Perilous;    L.  Siu  and  R.  Parreñas,  Introduction  to  Asian  Diasporas;      

W  Oct  17   J.  Kim,  Introduction,  Ch.  1,  from  Ends    C.R.  Lee,  A  Gesture  Life    

Th  Oct  18   Y.  L.  Espiritu,  “We  Win”;    lê,  Gangster  We  Are  All  Looking  For  

    Second  group  presentation      Week  3   diaspora,  memory,  transformation  Tu  Oct  23   U.S.  McCarran-­‐Walter  Act  of  1952;  

U.K.  Commonwealth  Immigration  Act  of  1962;  A.  Sivanandan,  from  Distant;      G.  Gopinath,  “Archive,  Affect,  Everyday”;    L.  Lowe,  Ch.  1,  Immigrant  Acts;  Selections  from  Story-­‐Wallah    

W  Oct  24   M.  Ondaatje,  Anil’s  Ghost       Third  group  presentation    Th  Oct  25                class  cancelled