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3
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. )( . " " . " " " " )(. )( )( . . ) ( . )(. . . .5
)( . . . ) ( . . . . . . . ) (
)( ) ( )(. . . . . 6
. . . . . . . . ) (The Dilemma of Muslim Psychologists ) ( 62 )
.( ) .( . . - ) ( - : ) ( ) (. . ) ( )(. .7
. . ) (superstition . - - ) .(paraphysical )( )( )( . . 7491
.DNA ) (Francis Crick 77 . . . . *the ghost in the machine " " . .
. . : )(:The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the
Soul : " : ". ) (mass . )(Soul Searching with Francis Crick " "
)(Daniel Voll . :Crick's "Astonishing Hypothesis" declares that all
of our interior states, joys and sorrows, our memories and
ambitions, even our personal8
identity, and the cherished notion of free will are no more than
the behavior .of a vast assembly of nerve cells
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. : ) (. : ) (.67
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: . . ) (massless ). (neutral 4691 . . . . . . . . 7791 .
"" . . )( . . " " . )2..4( . ) ) . Encyclopedia Americana . "" .
)(.87
)1( ) ( )( . . . . ) ( . . . .
)2( " " ) ( . ) ( .)3( ) ( . . )4( ) ( .
)5( ) () 39( .)6( . )7( )( ) ( . )8( )( )(. . .
.
97
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08
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- . . . .
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. . - . - . . . . . . ) ( ] 952 [. ) (: )) 38
(( . . . . ).(chemically stable metals . )( corollary : . . . .
. .1 .1 . . . . .48
. ) (. . . . . )( )( . "" "" spatial contact . . - : )) ((. . :
1( ) ( 2( ) ( 3( .
. . . } { } ( } {. )( )( . 58
.
. . . . )muscle ( tone . . . . ) (motor nerve . ) (sensory nerve
. . . ) .(electro-chemical impulse . . . . . . . . . . . 68
. . . ) 51( . ) 51(
. ) ( . . . . . 78
. ) ( )(.
1( : . . . ) ( . ) (A-delta )-C (type . ) . (nociception . . )(
. . . . )( . . .
2( : . . ) (. ) ( . . : . 88
. . . .
1( ) ( endorphin )(enkephalin . 2( . 3( . 4( . 5( . . . . . . .
. ) ( ) (. . :98
. . . ) ( . : . ) 61(
) 61(
. - - . : : . . : . : : ) (A . ) 71(
)( ) A (09
) 71( : ) (B . ) 81(
) 81( .http://thalamus.wustl.edu/course )( )( ) (Pons varoli ( )
B . . . . ) (Pons varoli ) (mid-brain . ) 91( ( ) 2.(.19
) 91(
29
)2.( : ) - (Pons varoli - ) - (mid-brain - . ) 12( .
39
Soul
Midbrain A
Spirit
Pons Varoli B
Medulla
) 12( ) ( .
. . . . " " )functional (disorders . . . .49
. ) 22(.
PonsMedulla Midbrain
Autonomic nervous
system
) 22( . . . . . ) ( . ) 911 ( ) 861 .( . 59
. ) ( ) .(Pro-life . ) ( ) .(Pro-choice . . ) ( . )
:)(http://www.delphi.com/ab-prochoice/messages
. :When people, including physicians, talk about "brain waves"
and ."brain activity" they are referring to organized activity in
the cortex ",While no embryo or fetus has ever been found to have
"brain waves extensive EEG studies have been done on premature
babies. A very good summary of their findings can be found in "Pain
and its effects in the human neonate and fetus," a review article
(often cited by "prolifers" writing about fetal pain, but not about
brain development) by .K.J.S. Anand, a leading researcher on pain
in newborns, and P.R :Hickey, published in NEJM Functional maturity
of the cerebral cortex is suggested by fetal and neonatal
electroencephalographic patterns...First, intermittent
electroencephalographic bursts in both cerebral hemispheres are
first seen at 2. weeks gestation; they become sustained at 22 weeks
and ".bilaterally synchronous at 26 to 27 weeks
2. )41. ( . )451 ( . 62 72 )bilaterally .(synchronous . 41. 451
. . . . 69
. . } ] 41 [{ ) (.. .
) ( . . . . . . . )( ) ( . . . . ) ( . . . . . .79
) ( . .
) (Electro-chemical activity ) (CNS ) (impulse . . . ) (
(frequency ) (amplitude . ) (EEG . . . . ) 32( (.
89
B rain d eath
( 01)
EEG
) 32(
. ( (carrier wave )cerebral . (silence . . . . . )( . )( .
99
. )( . )(computer . . . . . . . ) ( ) (synchronized waves ) 32
(. ) ( ) .(carrier waves ) ( ( (modulation ) (de-synchronization .
) .(autonomous . . - . . - - . . )autonomic .(nervous system
001
. . . . . . . . . / ) (autonomic nervous system . ) (Irritable
colon ) (grand mal epilepsy / . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
101
. ) ( ) (. . ) (EEG . . .
. . . . . . ) 42(.
201
) 42( . . . . . . . ) ( .301
. "" ) ( . . ) ( .
:http://www.imedia.ie.utoronto.ca/courses/mie343/schedule.html
: "Blood flow within the brain can also show which part of the
brain ismost active. PET (positron emission therapy) scans are used
to measure " .blood flow
. " " . : . . . . ) ( . . . . .401
. . . . )2........( . . . - . . . . . . . . . . ) ( :A computer
works much more quickly than the human brain. And while the
operations in a computer are largely serial - one after another -
the arrangements in the brain "are usually massively parallel. For
example, about a million axons go from each ".eye to the brain, all
working simultaneously
501
. . . . . . . . ) (. ) ( . . )trial and (error . . . )
(co-ordination )timing and (chronological sequence .
: . .601
. . . . "" .
) (corollary . . . . . . )( )( . . . . . . . )) geriatric
senility ) (data transfer .
701
. . . . . . . "" . ) ( . )psychological (trauma . . . . . 1( . .
. . " ". . 801
. 2( . . - - . . . . . . . . . . . 3( . . . . . . . . . .901
. . . . )( . .
)(Psycho-Somatic Phenomenon
. . . . : )1( . )2( )(. . )3( . . . ) (Encyclopedia Americana
):(Psychiatry - Psychosomatics )It is now understood and accepted
that while a process or happeningmay be preponderantly physical or
psychic, it is never restrictedly one or the other. Every somatic
occurrence in health or sickness is reverberated in the emotional
depths of the individual and emotional states, severe or mild, are
(manifested in the body
:011
) . (
. . . . . . . . . . . )( )/ ( ).(Somato-psychologic . ""
)somatic .(configuration ) / ( ) (Psycho-somatic . ) 52(
111
Somatic functions
Psychic functions
Sensory\motor functions
Brain
Sensory \ motor functions
Motor impulse
Sensory impulse
Psycho-somatic effect
Somato \ psychologic effect
) 52( . . . . . . . . "" "" ) (fight or flight . )David L.
Atkins, Prof. of Biology, Department of Biological . (Sciences,
George Washington University, Washington, DC . . 211
. . )
(.http://www.online.sfsu.edu/~psych2../unit1./1.cont.htm
) (nervous system . . : ) ( )/( ) (psycho-somatic ) ( )/( )
.(somato-psychologic . / . . . . . . . . . . . . Autonomous
311
. . . . . . . ) (pending . " ". ) (stress . : ) (The Biological
Effects of StressThe Merck Manual of Medical Information--Home
Edition Section
http://www.online.sfsu.edu/~psych2../unit1./1.cont.htm
. ) ( . . . . ) (irritable colon . ) (precipitating factor .
.411
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
: ) ( : ) ( 511
) ( ) ( ) ( - 2..2 ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( :- ) ( ) ( ) ( )The
Dilemma of Muslim (Psychologists ) ( ) ( . ) ( - ) ( ) (
Encyclopedia Britannica Encyclopedia Americana
:
Soul Searching With Francis Crick by Daniel Voll
???EEG When
?/http://www.delphi.com/ab-prochoice/messages
1=msg=27.1&ctx
l
) INTENTION http://www.sciam.com/1.96issue/1.96lusted.htm611
(
) Blood flow within the brain
http://www.imedia.ie.utoronto.ca/courses/mie343/schedule.
html
Encyclopedia Britannica Online
