MANEJO DEL CÁNCER EN ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA

8/13/2019 MANEJO DEL CNCER EN ATENCIN PRIMARIA

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DCEJGF BJA IEIJX JE CRJEIME \XMDCXMC3 Jbmime, Yce Yjhcstme, Njhrjrf 8


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DCEJGF BJA IEIJXJE CRJEIME \XMDCXMC

JBMRFXJY[MAYFE CYRZBMAAF, JDMAMF DFERMCEF,

CERFEMF YCAMECY-DCXRE,

JACY BCW-CAHF ] ICXDJE DJEBMEZJRC

YFIMJBCB ^CYIC BJ IZMBCBFY \CAMCRM^FY, 8


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Jstj amhrf sj jbmtc ife ac ifachfrcime bj7

Amhuru `feje crkmtcrcapjecrje ackuetzcamajco7

BJ\CXRCDJERF BJ YCEMBCB Bfefstmcof ZbcacCyuetcdmjetf bjYceYjhcstme

Kmpuzofcof Nfru abuebmcBmputcime Nfrca bj KmpuzofcBjpcrtcdjetf bj \fatmic Yfimca

www.dmi`ck.js

KM\ZWOFCOF JXMWCMERWC

OFAJKMF FNMWMCAC

IFAJKMF FNMIMCA BJ

JENJXDJXMC BJ KM\ZWOFC


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EBMIJ

ebmij bj Cutfrjs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ckrcbjimdmjetfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

\rafkf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ac Feifafkc y ja pcpja bj C.\. je ac prjvjeime y sjkumdmjetf tudfrcaNamx Wuhmrm, Gjss @fefrctf y [masfe Cstubmaaf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mdpfrtceimc bj afs prfkrcdcs bj bmckestmif rpmbf je ja ieijr bj dcdcy ifafe

Gcvmjr Wuhjabmc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ac Kjetmic je ja ieijrMcom Kutmrrjz M. y Juectj Crcec C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dcemnjstcimfejs jxtjrecs bj acs jenjrdjbcbjs feifakmicsCeec Rueju ^cas y Crcetxc Apjz \jstcc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ieijr y smstjdc ejrvmfsf. Rudfrjs ijrjhrcajs prmdmtmvfs y ifdpamicimfejsejurfakmics bja ieijr

Dmkuja C. Zrtcsue Ficrmz y Gfs Namx Dcrt Dcss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ieijr bj puade. \rjvjeime, bmckestmif y trctcdmjetf

]facebc ^mai`js C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Efvjbcbjs je ja bmckestmif y trctcdmjetf bja ieijr bj dcdcGfs Cetfemf Cahjrrf Cburmz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ztmamzcime bj ecefpcrtiuacs djtamics je ja trctcdmjetf bj ieijrjsaficamzcbfs

Gcvmjr Cmzpuruc Mrmczchca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ieijr bj jstdckf y bj metjstmef krujsf7 prjvjeime y trctcdmjetfJermquj Fgjdhcrrjec Dcrtejz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

\fsmhmambcbjs y admtjs bj ac imrukc je afs tudfrjs chbfdmecajsCbfanf Hjkumrmstcme Kdjz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ja @fspmtca bj Bc y ac `fspmtcamzcime bfdmimamcrmc je ja trctcdmjetf feif-akmif y ac pcamcime

Dcrc Bfafrjs Bj Bcdhfrjejc Kfezajz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rrctcdmjetf bja bfafr feifakmif metjesf

Cetfemf \jremc X. y Aums Dmkuja Rfrrjs D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Yfimjbcb ^csic bj Iumbcbfs \camctmvfs

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Ja ieijr je ja emf. Xjcambcb cituca y jxpjitctmvcsMtzmcr Cstmkcrrckc Ckumrrj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ja emf ife ieijr y afs supjrvmvmjetjs. Ac supjrcime bj uec eujvcfpfrtuembcb

Curfrc Ecvcgcs Kutmrrjz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Frkcemzcime bj uec uembcb bj Iumbcbfs \camctmvfs pjbmtrmifs je acIfduembcb bj Dcbrmb

Xmicrbf Dcrtmef Cahc, Cec Xfhajs R. Jajec Ict bja \cacimf,Icrfac bja Xmeie N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ja ieijr je ja ceimcef. Icrcitjrstmics y ejijsmbcbjs jspjimcajsGuce Icrafs Ichcaajrf K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ejijsmbcbjs jdfimfecajs je ja pcimjetj ife ieijrIcrdje ]acdfs C. y Hjae N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iurcbfs bj ieijr. Ac supjrcime y uec eujvc fpfrtuembcb. Ac ejijsmbcbbj uembcbjs jspjimcajs bj cpfyf

Icrdje ]acdfs C. y Gfs Ycdhacs K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ja cpfyf ca iumbcbfr bja jenjrdf feifakmif[masfe Cstubmaaf C., Icrdje Djebmeujtc C. y Hjctrmz Cstubmaaf A. yHjae Bcz-Cahf H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iumbcbfs \camctmvfs je nrmicCetfemf Ycamecs-Dcrte y Jdmamf Dfetmcef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ac amdmtcime bja jsnujrzf tjrcputmifIcrafs Xfdjf Icschfec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Su `cijr iucebf ac iurcime ef js pfsmhaj6 \cpja bj afs Iumbcbfs\camctmvfs

Jacs Bcz-Cahf @., Hjae Bcz-Cahf H., Icrdje Djebmeujtc C. y[masfe Cstubmaaf C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Jspjrcezc y bmkembcb je ja pcimjetj feifakmif

Ofabf Dcrtmejz Zrmfechcrrjejtxjc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Yfhrj ac njamimbcb y ja sunrmdmjetf

Xcde Hcys Yfpjec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

\jrspjitmvc bj ac FDY pcrc ja bjscrrfaaf bj Iumbcbfs \camctmvfs je ja ife-tjxtf bj prfkrcdc bj ifetrfa bj ieijr je pcsjs je vcs bj bjscrrfaaf

Ijimamc Yjpavjbc Hjrdjbf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bjrji`fs bj afs iumbcbfrjs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bjrji`fs bj ue jenjrdf je ja nmeca bj ac vmbc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ebmij bj dctjrmcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Dcejgf bja ieijr je ctjeime prmdcrmc

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EBMIJ BJ CZRFXJY

Cmzpuruc Mrmczchca, Gcvmjr. Imjetnmif tmtuacr bja Ijetrf bj Nsmic bj Dctjrmcajs bjaIfesjgf Yupjrmfr bj Mevjstmkcimfejs Imjetnmics (IYMI) y Bfefstmc Metjrecimfeca\`ysmis Ijetjr (BM\I).

Crcec Crrm, Juectj. Dbmif bj Ncdmamc. Ijetrf bj Ycaub Cacekf. Ifdcric Zrmhj.^mzicyc. Fscombjtzc.

Cstmkcrrckc Ckumrrj, Mtzmcr.Gjnj bja Yjrvmimf bj \jbmctrc. @fspmtca bj Iruijs.Hcrcocabf. ^mzicyc.

Cstubmaaf Cacrie, [masfe. Ejurafkf. Dbmif bj Ncdmamc. Ijetrf bj YcaubHmbjhmjtc-Ac \cz. Yce Yjhcstme. www.cstubmaaf2=Lkdcma.ifd

Cstubmaaf Acrrcz, Hjctrmz.Jenjrdjrc. Yce Yjhcstme.

Hcys Yfpjec, Xcde. Bfitfr je Nmafsfnc y Ajtrcs. \rfnjsfr Jdjrmtf Zemvjrsmbcbbj Hcrijafec.

Hjkumrmstcme Kdjz, Cbfanf. Imrugcef Jspjimcamstc bj rjc bj Bmkjstmvf. @fspmtcaBfefstmc. Yce Yjhcstme.

Ichcaajrf Kcric, Guce Icrafs. Kjrmctrc. Zembcb Hsmic bj Ycaub Bjustf-

Crcekfmtm. Zembcb Bfijetj bj DNyI. Ifdcric Ycemtcrmc bj Hmahcf. Fscombjtzc. Ict bja \cacimf, Jajec. Rrchcgcbfrc Yfimca. Zembcb bj Iumbcbfs \camctmvfs

\jbmtrmifs. @fspmtca Mencetma Zemvjrsmtcrmf Emf Gjss. Dcbrmb.

Bj Bcdhfrjejc Kfezajz, D. Bfafrjs. Gjnc bj Yjrvmimf bj @fspmtcamzcime cbfdmimamf. @fspmtca bj Iruijs. Hcrcicabf. ^mzicyc.

Bja Xmeie Njreebjz Icrfac. \smiafkc. Zembcb bj Iumbcbfs \camctmvfs\jbmtrmifs. @fspmtca Mencetma Zemvjrsmtcrmf Emf Gjss. Dcbrmb.

Bcz-Cahf @jrdmbc, Jacs. Gjnj bj ac Zembcb bj Iumbcbfs \camctmvfs. @fspmtcaYce Icdmaf. Rrjs Icetfs. Dcbrmb. bmczcahfLsceicdmaf.frk

Bcz-Cahf Hczf, Hjae.\smiafkc. @fspmtca Yce Icdmaf. Rrjs Icetfs. Dcbrmb.

Kutmrrjz Mhcrauzjc, Mcom. Fstjhc, Yjrvmimf bj Jvcaucime bj RjiefafkcsYcemtcrmcs bj Jusocbm. Bmrjiime bj \acemnmicime y Frbjecime Ycemtcrmc.Bjpcrtcdjetf bj Ycembcb. Kfhmjref ^csif.

Njreebjz Yei`jz, Hjae. \smiafkc rjc prfkrcdcs y Yjrvmimfs CsfimcimeJspcfac ifetrc ja Ieijr. CJII.

@fefrctf \rjz, Gjss. Ncrdciafkf Iaemif. Iaemic Zemvjrsmtcrmc. Zemvjrsmbcbbj Ecvcrrc. \cdpafec.

Apjz \jstcc, Crcetxc.Jspjimcamstc bj rjc. Bjrdctfafkc. @fspmtca Bfefstmc.Yce Yjhcstme.


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Dcrtejz Zrmfechcrrjejtxjc, Ofabf. Jspjimcamstc bj rjc bj Djbmimec metjesmvc.@fspmtca bj Ecvcrrc. Csfimcime bj Hmftmic Nuebcdjetca y Iaemic.

Dcrt Dcss, Gfs Namx.Gjnj bj Yjrvmimf bj Ejurfafkc. @fspmtca Bfefstmc. Yce

Yjhcstme. Dcrtmef Cahc, Xmicrbf. \jbmctrc. Iffrbmecbfr Jspjimcamstc bj rjc Zembcb bj

Iumbcbfs \camctmvfs \jbmtrmifs. @fspmtca Mencetma Zemvjrsmtcrmf Emf Gjss. Dcbrmb.

Djebmeujtc Ckumrrj, Icrdje. Dbmif bj Ncdmamc. Ijetrf bj Ycaub bj Cazc.Kumpzifc. Fscombjtzc.

Dfetmcef Gfrkj, Jdmamf. Dbmif. I. bj Ycaub bj Ifrrcajgf. Nujrtjvjeturc.Icecrmcs. dfetejvcbfLtjrrc.js

Ecvcgcs Kutmrrjz, Curfrc.Gjnj bja Yjrvmimf bj ac Zembcb bj @jdctf-Feifafkc \jbmtrmic. @fspmtca bj Iruijs-Hcrcocabf. ^mzicyc. \rfnjsfrc Rmtuacrbj \jbmctrc Zemvjrsmbcb \cs ^csif/Z\^.

Fgjdhcrrjec Dcrtejz, Jermquj.Jspjimcamstc bj rjc bj Bmkjstmvf. @fspmtca bjIruijs. HcrcOcabf, ^mzicyc.

\jremc Xfdjrf, Cetfemf. Nciuatctmvf Jspjimcamstc bj rjc bj CejstjsmfafkcXjcemdcime y Zembcb bj Rrctcdmjetf bja bfafr. @fspmtca Zemvjrsmtcrmf \ujrtcbja Dcr. Ibmz.

Xfhajs Rfrrjkrfsc, Cec. Bmpafdcbc Zemvjrsmtcrmc je Jenjrdjrc Zembcb bjIumbcbfs \camctmvfs \jbmtrmifs. @fspmtca Mencetma Zemvjrsmtcrmf Emf Gjss. Dcbrmb.

Xfdjf Icschfec, Icrafs. Ictjbrtmif bj Bjrji`f \jeca. Zemvjrsmbcb bja \cs^csif. Hmahcf.

Ycamecs Dcrte, Cetfemf. Djbmimec bj Ncdmamc. Jspjimcamstc bj rjc bj acZembcb bj Iumbcbfs \camctmvfs. @fspmtca Zemvjrsmtcrmf Ac Icebjacrmc. Rjejrmnj.cscatcrLkdcma.ifd

Ycdhas Kcric, Gfs. Ejurfimrugcef. Xcbmfimrukc. \rjsmbjetj Krupf MDF -Mestmtutf Dcbrmajf bj Feifafkc y bj ac Nuebcime Krupf MDF.

Yjpavjbc Hjrdjbf, Ijimamc.Frkcemzcime Duebmca bj ac Ycaub. Kmejhrc.

Rfrrjs Dfrjbc, Aums Dmkuja.Gjnj bj Yjrvmimf bj Cejstjsmfafkc Xjcemdcime y

Zembcb bj Rrctcdmjetf bja bfafr. @fspmtca Zemvjrsmtcrmf \ujrtc bja Dcr Ibmz. Rueju ^cas, Ceec.Gjnc bj Yjrvmimf bj Bjrdctfafkc. @fspmtca Bfefstmc. Yce

Yjhcstme.

Zrtcsue Firmz, Dmkuja.Jspjimcamstc bj rjc Ejurfkc. @fspmtca Bfefstmc. YceYjhcstme.

^mai`js Ckumrrj, ]facebc. Feiafkf dbmif. Jspjimcamstc bj rjc bj ac Zembcbbj Iumbcbfs \camctmvfs. @fspmtca Zemvjrsmtcrmf Ac \cz. Dcbrmb.

]acdfs Ckuc, Icrdje. \smiffeiafkc. Xjspfeschaj bj ac Zembcb bj \smif-Feifafkc Krupf MDF Nuebcime Krupf MDF - Mestmtutf Dcbrmajf bj

Feifafkc. iyjacdfsLkrupfmdf.ifd Wuhjabmc Icdmefs, Gcvmjr.Jspjimcamstc bj rjc bj ac Zembcb bj Djbmimec

Hcscbc je ac Jvmbjeimc. @fspmtca Bfefstmc. Yce Yjhcstme.

Wuhmrm Yjez, Namx.Dbmif bj Ncdmamc. I.Y. Mturrcdc. \cdpafec.


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CKXCBJIMDMJERFY

Ac Yfimjbcb ^csic bj Iumbcbfs \camctmvfs ckrcbjij ac ifachfrcime quj `crjimhmbf bj afs pfejetjs y bj ftrfs prfnjsfrjs c afs quj `c mevmtcbf c pcrtmimpcr jejstj jvjetf y amhrf ca quj pacetjcdfs bjsbj ue prmeimpmf `cijraf ue mestrudjetfpcrc ac iffpjrcime jspcfac je \camctmvfs y je ja camvmf bja bfafr ife afs pcsjsbj `chac `mspcec y bj nrmic. C tfbfs jaafs eujstrc krctmtub pfr su jsnujrzf y bjbm-icime pcrc citucamzcr afs cvceijs rjimjetjs je ac prjvjeime, bmckestmif y trctc-dmjetf bj ac jenjrdjbcb tudfrca pcrc afs jqumpfs bj Ctjeime \rmdcrmc, cs ifdfpcrc bcr c ifefijr acs bmvjrscs djbmbcs quj pujbje rjbuimr ja tmjdpf trcesiurrmbfjetrj ac sfspji`c bja ieijr, su bmckestmif y afs trctcdmjetfs ds fpfrtuefs yftrfs cspjitfs quj pujbje djgfrcr ac ifduemicime jetrj afs bmvjrsfs jstcdjetfspcrc fptmdmzcr ac metjrvjeime bja jqumpf bj Ctjeime \rmdcrmc je hjejnmimf bjajenjrdf.

Je ja pacef mestmtuimfeca, ac YF^\CA ckrcbjij ac ifachfrcime prjstcbcpcrc su nueimfecdmjetf y prfkrcdcs pfr ja Bjpcrtcdjetf bj \fatmic Yfimca bjac Bmputcime bj Kumpzifc, ac Ifesjgjrc bj Ycembcb bja Kfhmjref ^csif, jaCyuetcdmjetf bj Yce Yjhcstme, ac Icgc Achfrca \fpuacr, ac Nuebcime Outxc,YZDCE, Ja Bmcrmf ^csif, y afs jspjimcajs cpfyfs bj ac Nuebcime Cbjstj bjDcbrmb, Iffpjrcime Dbmic Icecrmc, bj ac Yfimjbcb Jspcfac bja Bfafr y c ac

Nuebcime Krupf MDF bj Dcbrmb.

YFIMJBCB ^CYIC BJ IZMBCBFY \CAMCRM^FY \CAMCRM^FY YME NXFERJXCY

www. sfvpca.frk

Ac Yfimjbcb ^csic bj Iumbcbfs \camctmvfs nuj bjiacrcbc bj utmambcb phamic pfrja Kfhmjref ^csif je 3==> y js Djbcaac ca Drmtf Imubcbcef bja Cyuetcdmjetf bjYce Yjhcstme, 8


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\XAFKF

Ja ieijr js uec pcachrc icrkcbc bj ifeeftcimfejs ejkctmvcs pcrc eujstrcs vmbcsife ac quj efs jeifetrcdfs icbc vjz ife ds nrjiujeimc je acs ifesuatcs bjCtjeime \rmdcrmc. Efs prfbuij dui`c prjfiupcime, ef saf pfr af quj smkemnmicpcrc eujstrfs jenjrdfs quj sj vje cs cdjeczcbfs hrusicdjetj pfr su prjsjeimc,smef tcdhme pfrquj ac Ctjeime \rmdcrmc pujbj `cijr dui`f pcrc metjrvjemr jesu prjvjeime, dcejgf y trctcdmjetf, cs ifdf pcrc `cijr ds nima ac vmbc bj afssupjrvmvmjetjs y bcr cpfyf pcamctmvf iucebf ac iurcime ef js pfsmhaj.

Afs ieijrjs, bj afs quj jxmstje cprfxmdcbcdjetj 3:< tmpfs, sj prfbuije pfr ue

jrrfr bj eujstrcs iauacs. Cs, pfr jgjdpaf, ja jpmtjamf quj rjiuhrj ja metjstmef sjrjeujvc icbc bfs sjdcecs. Iucebf uec iauac sj bmvmbj, bmij Jdmamf Hcrhcimb bjaIYMI bj Jspcc, tmjej quj ifpmcr uec pcachrc ifdf bj 9.


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bjsiuhrmdmjetf bja kjefdc `udcef y ac Eceftjiefafkc, ja vcafr bj acs Zembcbjsbj @fspmtcamzcime bfdmimamcrmcs, afs prfhajdcs bj afs supjrvmvmjetjs, ac ejijsmbcbbja bjscrrfaaf bj afs iumbcbfs pcamctmvfs iucebf ac iurcime ef js pfsmhaj, ja trctc-

dmjetf bja bfafr, ac amdmtcime bja jsnujrzf tjrcputmif, ac jspjrcezc y bmkembcb jeja pcimjetj feifakmif, ac njamimbcb y ja sunrmdmjetf y ac sfambcrmbcb metjrecimfeca jepcamctmvfs y camvmf bja bfafr. Yj `ce rjuembf je jstj amhrf tfbcs jstcs y ftrcs cpfrtc-imfejs duy vcamfscs bj bmvjrsfs ifdpcjrfs bj ftrcs ifduembcbjs jspcfacs c nmebj ifenmkurcr ue tjxtf bj jstubmf quj fnrjzic c afs jqumpfs bj Ctjeime \rmdcrmcuec vmsme kafhca bja prfhajdc.

Ac Yfimjbcb ^csic bj Iumbcbfs \camctmvfs ckrcbjij ac cifkmbc quj `c bjspjrtcbfsu prfpujstc bj trchcgcr je iffpjrcime pfr pcrtj bj ac Nuebcime Cbjstj bjDcbrmb, Iffpjrcime Dbmic Icecrmcs Yc`ja, bj ac Yfimjbcb Jspcfac bja Bfafr ybja Krupf MDF bj Dcbrmb, jetmbcbjs quj `ce schmbf ifdprjebjr quj Jspcc js ypujbj sjr duy tma pcrc cyubcr c tcetfs pcsjs bj jsicsfs rjiursfs quj ef tmjejejstcs pfsmhmambcbjs bj aui`cr ifetrc ja ieijr, em Iumbcbfs \camctmvfs em Rrctcdmjetfbja bfafr. Jxmstje dui`cs pjrsfecs y krupfs bj trchcgf je eujstrf pcs quj sj `cebjstcicbf je ac prjvjeime, pcamcime y sfpfrtj bja ieijr je afs atmdfs cfs, qujpujbje `cijr uec dckenmic achfr bj sfambcrmbcb ife ftrfs pcsjs quj ejijsmtce,bjsjspjrcbcdjetj, bmrjiime y bmvjrsfs cpfyfs pcrc pfejr je dcri`c prfkrcdcs bjbmckestmif prjifz, ue huje dcejgf feifakmif (bmckestmif y trctcdmjetf), cpfyfpcrc afs supjrvmvmjetjs y ue cbjiucbf iumbcbf pcamctmvf, iucebf ac iurcime ef jspfsmhaj. Jstj amhrf surkj ifdf ue jajdjetf bj iffpjrcime y js uec dujstrc bj afquj pujbj `cijr ue trchcgf ifeguetf pcrc nfrtcajijr acs citmvmbcbjs bj sfambcrmbcbdbmic jspcfac quj sj aajvc c ichf bjsbj `cij dui`fs cfs je @mspcefcdrmicy nrmic. Jspjrcdfs quj c jstj jsnujrzf sj sudje tcdhme afs jqumpfs bj Ctjeime\rmdcrmc. \crc icdhmcr ja duebf, `cijraf djgfr y ctjeucr ja sunrmdmjetf, tfbfssfdfs ejijscrmfs y pfbjdfs sjr tmajs.

AFY JBMRFXJY


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Namx Wuhmrm Yjez, Gjss @fefrctf \rjzy [masfe Cstubmaaf Cacrie

FEIFAFKC ] CRJEIME \XMDCXMC.\XJ^JEIME ] YJKZMDMJERFBJA \CIMJERJ FEIFAKMIF


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Feifafkc y ctjeime prmdcrmc. \rjvjeime y sjkumdmjetf bja pcimjetj feifakmif

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XJYZDJE

Afs prfkrjsfs je Feifafkc `ce

jxpjrmdjetcbf ue krce cvceij je acsatmdcs bicbcs. Afs cetmkufs fhgjtm-vfs bj jstc bmsimpamec quj ifesmstceje bmckestmif, iurcime, y pcamcime,`ce vmstf cdpamcbfs sus frmzfetjs ifeeujvcs prfpujstcs quj meiauyje c`frcac prjvjeime, ja bmckestmif prjifz,afs trctcdmjetfs iurctmvfs f quj prf-afekce ac supjrvmvjeimc, bj sfpfrtj,rj`chmamtcime y iumbcbfs pcamctm-vfs. Je dui`fs bj jstfs icdpfs, ja

Dbmif bj C\ js uec pmjzc nuebcdje-tca, je iffrbmecime ife afs YjrvmimfsJspjimcamzcbfs, bj icrc c rjcamzcr uecbjiucbf trctcdmjetf bj afs pcimjetjsfeifakmifs. Yme jdhcrkf, ac krceachfr bja Dbmif bj C\ ifdmjezcife ja mdpfrtcetj pcpja bj ac prj-vjeime y ac prfdfime bj ac scaub,jbuicebf c ac pfhacime je cqujaafssupujstfs ncitfrjs, tcetf cdhmjetc-

ajs ifdf mebmvmbucajs, quj pujbjesjr icusc bj ue prfijsf dcamkef.Ym ja bmckestmif bj ac jenjrdjbcbfeifakmic sj `c `ji`f pctjetj, jaDbmif bj C\ bjhjr jnjitucr ue

sjkumdmjetf ifetmeucbf bja jenjrdfy vcafrcr tfbfs afs jnjitfs sjiuebcrmfsy rjckubmzcimfejs bj su prfijsf, cs

ifdf acs jenjrdjbcbjs quj vcycepacetjebfsj sfhrjccbmbcs quj puj-bje mr cpcrjimjebf. Ym ja pcimjetjsfhrjvmvj, jxmstje dui`cs ifscs pfr`cijr pcrc cyubcraj c rjmetjkrcrsj csu vmbc efrdca y c supjrcr pfsmhajsmeicpcimbcbjs quj pujbje qujbcr pfrafs trctcdmjetfs bja ieijr. Je ac ncsjnmeca, ja dbmif bj Ncdmamc bjhjrmetjesmnmicr ja ifetrfa bj setfdcs yprfdfvjr afs dcyfrjs cpfyfs psmif-sfimcajs ca jenjrdf y c acs ncdmamcs.\crc rjcamzcr cbjiucbcdjetj tfbcsjstcs nueimfejs, js mdprjsimebmhaj qujcbqumjrc uefs ifefimdmjetfs hsmifssfhrj Feifafkc, iumbcbfs pcamctmvfsy afs prfhajdcs bj afs supjrvmvmjetjsbja ieijr. Zec hujec ifduemicimey iffrbmecime bja dbmif bj C\ ifeafs sjrvmimfs `fspmtcacrmfs bj rjnjrje-imc js nuebcdjetca pcrc quj djgfrj ac

icambcb bj ctjeime y ac jnmimjeimc kaf-hca bj eujstrf trchcgf je hjejnmimf bjjstfs jenjrdfs. Bjhj sjr pacemnmicbcy jstmduacbc pfr acs cbdmemstrcimfejsscemtcrmcs.

MERXFBZIIME

Ac Feifafkc `c jxpjrmdjetcbf ueicdhmf sustceimca je ac atmdc bicbcje sjetmbf pfsmtmvf. Acs tcscs bj dfrtc-ambcb pfr ieijr `ce bmsdmeumbf ife-smbjrchajdjetj y su bjsijesf ef tmjejprjijbjetjs. Bj mkuca dcejrc, ac supjr-vmvjeimc c mbf je cudjetf bjhmbf c afseujvfs ifefimdmjetfs jpmbjdmfakmifsy c ac mestcurcime bj trctcdmjetfs dsifdpajgfs y prfafekcbfs.

Ja bmckestmif bja ieijr bjpjebc`cstc `cij pfif tmjdpf bj ac dfr-

nfafkc y ftrfs irmtjrmfs njeftpmifs.Citucadjetj, ac cectfdc pctfakmic

bmspfej bj tiemics dfajiuacrjs duysjesmhajs quj pjrdmtje sjkumr afs icd-hmfs kjetmifs jspjinmifs je vcrmfstudfrjs j mbjetmnmicr acs iauacs dcamk-ecs fiuatcs je tjgmbfs cpcrjetjdjetjscefs. Ac hmfafkc dfajiuacr c su vjz,prfpfrimfec jrrcdmjetcs pcrc jstubmcrafs kjejs mdpamicbfs je ja ieijr.Bj jstj dfbf, krcimcs ca bjsiuhrm-dmjetf bj afs djicemsdfs dfajiuacrjs

rjacimfecbfs ife ja bjscrrfaaf bj afstudfrjs, sj jst ifefimjebf ja prf-ijsf bj ac icrimefkejsms `udcec. Ja


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Namx Wuhmrm Yjez, Gjss @fefrctf \rjz y [masfe Cstubmaaf Cacrie

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`caaczkf y jstubmf bj afs feifkjejs ycetmfeifkjejs `c smbf jsjeimca je jabjscrrfaaf bj ac hmfafkc dfajiuacr bj

jstfs prfijsfs3,8

.Afs cvceijs je mevjstmkcime sfhrj

ja irjimdmjetf y ac bmnjrjeimcime ijau-acr `ce rjvfauimfecbf ja bmckestmif yja prfestmif bj acs ejfpacsmcs dcamk-ecs. Ja bmckestmif kjetmif pjrdmtj vms-audhrcr eujvcs nfrdcs bj trctcdmjetfy vmkmaceimc pcrc icbc pcimjetj je ife-irjtf. Cbjds, ja jstubmf bja CBE `cprfpfrimfecbf ue cvceij jxtrcfrbmec-rmf je ac mevjstmkcime feifakmic yjst chrmjebf icdmefs pcrc cecamzcr afsprfijsfs hmfakmifs quj suhycije jeja irjimdmjetf bj afs tudfrjs. Ef fhs-tcetj, iucebf sj bmckefstmic ue ieijr,meiausf ife acs tiemics ds cvcezcbcs,yc sujaj `chjr trcesiurrmbf ds bja=


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b) Idf bjhj sfavjetcr afs jnjitfssjiuebcrmfs bj ac djbmicime yrjsfavjr acs ifdpamicimfejs bj

ac jenjrdjbcb.j) ] aajkcbf ja icsf, idf trctcr c

bfdmimamf c ue pcimjetj jeic-dcbf f je ncsj tjrdmeca.

Yu achfr ifdmjezc ife ja mdpfr-tcetj pcpja quj bjsjdpjc je acprjvjeime prmdcrmc y sjiuebcrmc. Ajcyubce c jaaf ja ifefimdmjetf bj acsmtucime sfimf-jifedmic bj su zfeckjfkrnmic, ac prfxmdmbcb c ac pfhac-ime, ac cutfrmbcb dfrca quj jgjrij jesu jetfref, y ac ifenmcezc bj afs jenjr-dfs je a bjpfsmtcbc. Rfbf jstf ife-trmhuyj c ftfrkcraj ue bjstcicbf pcpjaifdf jbuicbfr, tcetf je ac prjvjeimebj ac jenjrdjbcb, ifdf burcetj ja trc-tcdmjetf je ac ncsj citmvc bj ac dmsdc.stcs prjdmscs, quj sfe ifduejs ciucaqumjr prfijsf dbmif, sj tfrecejxtrcfrbmecrmcdjetj mdpfrtcetjs jeiucbrfs feifakmifs krcvjs, yc qujmdpamice ifesmbjrchajs jsnujrzfs pjr-sfecajs quj bjhj iffrbmecr ca uesfefje jstcs ficsmfejs, cs ifdf afs cspji-tfs psmifakmifs, sfimcajs, ncdmamcrjs,pcamctmvfs, y aajkcbf ja icsf, meiausf jabujaf, trcs ja xmtus bja pcimjetj3


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bjscnfrtuecbcdjetj jstj dbmif ef `ccbqumrmbf (pfrquj ef afs `c rjimhmbfburcetj ac amijeimcturc). \crc sfavjetcr

jstcs bjnmimjeimcs js ejijscrmf ifdfifdjethcdfs cetjrmfrdjetj, uechujec ifduemicime rjiprfic ife jaijetrf feifakmif bj rjnjrjeimc.

Ja fhgjtmvf bj jstc iffrbmecimebjhj sjr prfpfrimfecr ca pcimjetj uecctjeime scemtcrmc metjkrca ife ac dcyfricambcb, csjkurcebf, ifdf yc `jdfsifdjetcbf, ac ifetmeumbcb bj afs iumbc-bfs y ac bjtjiime bj prfhajdcs iaemifs

(j meiausf sfimcajs). Yfdfs ifesimjetjs,ef fhstcetj, bj quj jxmstje c vjijs bmnm-iuatcbjs pcrc jstchajijr bmi`c ifduem-icime y iffrbmecr jeacijs jetrj emvjajscsmstjeimcajs. Ac ncatc bj vcs kmajs bjifetcitf, ja bjsifefimdmjetf pfr pcrtjbja dbmif bj C\ bj quj ue bjtjrdm-ecbf pcimjetj sj jeiujetrc je trctc-dmjetf, ac sfhrjicrkc csmstjeimca y accusjeimc bj nfrdcime prj y pfstkrcbf

sfhrj jstc jspjimcambcb je jstj prfnj-smfeca, sfe bmnmiuatcbjs quj bjhjrcesfavjetcrsj pfr ja hmje bj afs jenjrdfs.

HCYJY BJ CIRZCIMEBJA DBMIF BJ C.\. JE JASZJ@CIJX BMCXMF BJ ACFEIFAFKMC

Je afs atmdfs cfs, afs icdhmfsje afs fhgjtmvfs bj ac Feifafkc `cesmbf c tfbcs auijs jvmbjetjs. Af quj`cstc `cij pfif tmjdpf sj ifeirj-tchc y rjsudc c ac `frc bj chfrbcrue prfijsf ejfpasmif je bmckestmif,trctcdmjetf (iurcime) y pcamcime, `fymeiauyj cspjitfs ifdf ac prjvjeime,bmckestmif prjifz, trctcdmjetf, iurc-

ime, rj`chmamtcime, sfpfrtj, prfafe-kcime bj supjrvmvjeimc y iumbcbfs

pcamctmvfs. Je tfbcs jstcs jtcpcs bj acjenjrdjbcb feifakmic, afs dbmifs bjC\ tmjeje ue krce pcpja c bjsjdpjcr

y dmsme je ac quj pcrtmimpcr, sfhrj tfbfje af quj c prjvjeimeprmdcrmcy tcd-hme sjiuebcrmc sj rjnmjrj (quj sfe afscspjitfs ds mdpfrtcetjs bj iucaqumjrprfijsf pujs pfbjdfs jvmtcr quj sjprfbuzic). Ef `chajdfs yc bj ac pcr-tmimpcime j mdpamicime bja dbmif bjichjijrc je afs cspjitfs bj pcamcime yctjeime c ac ncsj tjrdmeca3,33,38.

Ac prjvjeimejs ue cspjitf nuebc-djetca bja trchcgf bja Dbmif bj C\.Afs feiafkfs iaemifs, je kjejrca, ef`ce prjstcbf cfs ctrs ja sunmimjetjcprjimf c afs ncitfrjs prjvjetmvfs. C`frcpcrjij quj su citmtub vc icdhmcebf. Jejstj ifetjxtf, ja dbmif bj C\ js ueprmvmajkmcbf bja smstjdc yc quj pfr suifesuatc bmsiurrj icsm tfbc ac pfhacime,aacddfsaj bj rmjskf, pjrtjejimjetj csu Wfec Hsmic bj Ycaub. Ac `mpjrnrj-iujetcime (ncvfrjimbc pfr ac dca aac-dcbc y pjfr utmamzcbc ciijsmhmambcb qujdui`cs vjijs tmjej su acbf ejkctmvf jeac sfhrjicrkc csmstjeimca quj ficsmfec)ftfrkc, jstc vjz, ac pfsmhmambcb bj jnji-tucr uec krce achfr prjvjetmvc y ue bjs-pmstcgj rjkacbf bj afs pfsmhajs y nuturfsiucbrfs feifakmifs.

\XJ^JEIMFE \XMDCXMC] YJIZEBCXMC. AZI@CIFERXC AFY NCIRFXJYBJ XMJYKF ] BJRJIIMFE\XJIFW BJA IEIJX.\XFDFIMFE ] JBZICIMEBJ AC YCAZB

Ac prjvjeime prmdcrmc jst bmrm-kmbc c jvmtcr ac cpcrmime memimca bj


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uec jenjrdjbcb f bfajeimc. Yj cpfycnuebcdjetcadjetj je ac \rfdfime yje ac Jbuicime pcrc ac Ycaub. Rmjej

ifdf fhgjtmvf prmdfrbmca ac rjbui-ime bj ac meimbjeimc bj ue prfijsfpctfakmif djbmcetj icdhmfs bj afsncitfrjs bj rmjskf csfimcbfs c subjscrrfaaf. Citc bjetrf bja pjrfbfprjpctfkemif bj ac `mstfrmc bj acjenjrdjbcb. Ac prjvjeime prmdcrmcsj `c vjembf utmamzcebf ifdf trdmefifdpajdjetcrmf bj ac \rfdfime bjac Ycaub. Ac prjvjeime bj ac jenjr-

djbcb js cqujaac citucime jeic-dmecbc c jnjitucr ciimfejs je afsmebmvmbufs y je acs pfhacimfejs pfrifesmbjrcrafs jxpujstfs c ncitfrjsbj rmjskf mbjetmnmichajs, csfimcbfs cdjeubf c bmnjrjetjs ifdpfrtcdmjetftcdhme bj rmjskf. \fr ja ifetrcrmf,je ac \rfdfime bj ac scaub acs jstrc-tjkmcs sj bmrmkje `cimc ac pfhacimekjejrca y ef saf c acs jxpujstcs c ue

bjtjrdmecbf ncitfr bj rmjskf;.Ja trdmef Jbuicime pcrc ac Ycaub

pfbrcdfs bjnmemraf ifdf ue prfijsfbj ifduemicime metjrpjrsfeca bmrm-kmbf c prfpfrimfecr ac menfrdcimeejijscrmc pcrc ue jxcdje irtmif bjafs prfhajdcs bj scaub. Bjhj jetje-bjrsj ifdf uec jstrctjkmc bj ac prfdf-ime bj ac scaub y tcdhme bj ac ciimeprjvjetmvc.

Je Jspcc sj bmckefstmice icbccf ijric bj 3>


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8 cfs bj jbcb80. Ja irmhcbfbja ieijr ijrvmica `c rjbuimbf brc-dtmicdjetj ac meimbjeimc bj jstj tmpfbj ieijr bfebj jst bmspfemhaj ifeja trctcdmjetf prjifz bj acs pcimjetjsife `caaczkfs ijrvmicajs cefrdcajs. Actjrcpmc rjtrfvmrca pcrc ac menjiime pfr@M^, `c icdhmcbf smkemnmictmvcdjetjja iursf bj ac jenjrdjbcb y bj afs ie-

ijrjs csfimcbfs. Ac RCXKC `c bjdfs-trcbf rjbuimr ac meimbjeimc bja amenfdcrjacimfecbf ife ja YMBC8=. Ife rjac-ime c ac `jpctmtms H y I, js iacvj jvmtcrja jxijsf bj caif`fa. Jxmstje jstubmfsprjamdmecrjs quj sukmjrje quj ac tjrc-pmc cetmvmrca pujbj rjbuimr ja rmjskf bjaieijr je jstfs mebmvmbufs. Ja usf bjdjbmicdjetfs tcajs ifdf ja metjrnjrfeje pcimjetjs ife menjiimfejs iremics

@H^ y @I^ `ce pjrdmtmbf ac bjscpc-rmime bj @HjCk, ife rjbuiime bj afsemvjajs bj @H^ BEC y bja @I^ XEC,

cuequj ef sj ifefij ja jnjitf quj cpaczf pujbc tjejr ac tjrcpmc cetmvmrcasfhrj ja rmjskf bja ieijr8=,9


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estmif, y cbjiuebfsj c afs bjsjfs bjapcimjetj, sj bjtjrdmecr sm ja dtfbfbj trctcdmjetf bjhj sjr iurctmvf f

pcamctmvf je iucetf c su metjeime. Aciffpjrcime jetrj afs bmstmetfs prfnjsmf-ecajs quj metjrvmjeje je ja trctcdmjetfbja ieijr js bj dxmdc mdpfrtceimcpcrc ac pacemnmicime bja dmsdf. \crcimjrtfs ieijrjs, ac qumdmftjrcpmc fstc y ac rcbmftjrcpmc cbdmemstrcbcscetjs bja jdpajf bja trctcdmjetf qum-rrkmif bjnmemtmvf (bjefdmecbf trctc-dmjetf ejfcbyuvcetj) pujbj djgfrcr

ja prfestmif, ifdf pcrjij je ja ie-ijr bj dcdc aficadjetj cvcezcbf ybj afs ieijrjs bj ichjzc y iujaaf. Afdjgfr pcrc ja pace bj trctcdmjetf jshmje sjkumr ife prjimsme ue prftfifafefrdcamzcbf f hmje nfrdcr pcrtj bjue prftfifaf bj mevjstmkcime iaemicje dcri`c pcrc jvcaucr eujvfs trctc-dmjetfs. Citucadjetj js pfsmhaj ciij-bjr bj nfrdc jajitremic c prftfifafs

efrdcamzcbfs bj trctcdmjetf y c iuca-qumjr jstubmf bj mevjstmkcime iaemiccprfhcbf je Efrtjcdrmic c trcvs bjue frbjecbfr ifejitcbf c Metjrejt. Jasjkumdmjetf y iumbcbf bja pcimjetjfeifakmif pfr pcrtj bja Dbmif bjC\, ifdpfrtc uecs tcrjcs prjimscs yjspjinmics bj icrc c ac cbjiucbc jvf-auime bja prfijsf ejfpasmif, sjkeacs icrcitjrstmics bj ac jenjrdjbcb bj

hcsj. Bjetrf bj ac hujec dcri`c bj afscifetjimdmjetfs, js duy mdpfrtcetjja trchcgf bja pjrsfeca bj jenjrdjrcifdf rjspfeschaj bj acs nueimfejs bjvmkmaceimc bj ac tjrcpmc mestcurcbc pfrja `fspmtca, cs ifdf bja ifetrfa bjajenjrdf.

Ja Dbmif bj ncdmamc bjhj ifachf-rcr je prmdjr aukcr pcrc quj ja pcimjetj

cijptj ac jenjrdjbcb pcrc af iuca jsprjimsf quj bjbmquj tmjdpf c stj yc su ncdmamc pcrc ifefijr ifdf jste

aajvcebf su jenjrdjbcb, pcrc bcrajsja cpfyf quj ejijsmtce pcrc dcetj-ejr su hmjejstcr, hmje c trcvs bj acs

jxpafrcimfejs nsmics bj nfrdc rjkuacrf ac dfvmamzcime bj rjiursfs bj cyubcjxmstjetjs je ac ifduembcb, vfaue-tcrmcbf, jti. Burcetj ja trctcdmjetfcdhuactfrmf, ac vmkmaceimc pjrmbmicpcrc bjtjitcr iucaqumjr ctmshf bj rjim-bmvc je ja iucbrf feifakmif bjhjrsjr tjembc duy je iujetc pfr ja Dbmifbj C\ pcrc rjdmtmr ca jenjrdf c ife-suatc jspjimcamzcbc, c ac vjz quj trc-

tcr afs sjiuebcrmsdfs ncrdcifakmifsquj pujbc sunrmr pfr afs trctcdmjetfsfeifakmifs. Bja dmsdf dfbf, afsiucbrfs metjriurrjetjs tjebre quj sjrbmckefstmicbfs af cetjs pfsmhaj y jatrctcdmjetf bj sfpfrtj af jgjrijr jadbmif burcetj tfbf ja iursf iaemif.Afs eujvfs setfdcs quj cpcrjijeje ja trcesiursf bja trctcdmjetf bjaieijr ef bjhje ifesmbjrcrsj smjdprjmrrjvjrsmhajs dmjetrcs ef sj bjdujstrjaf ifetrcrmf. Ac ctrmhuime nctcamstc bjcefrjxmc, prbmbc bj pjsf j mitjrmimcc ac rjimbmvc f c ac prfkrjsme bjatudfr pujbje ifebuimr c ac dujrtjbja pcimjetj c ifesjiujeimc bj uecifajimstmtms metjriurrjetj rjvjrsmhaj. Acfhstruiime metjstmeca pujbj bjhjrsj ccb`jrjeimcs rjvjrsmhajs je vjz bj c ue

tudfr je prfkrjsme. Acs menjiimfejskjejrcamzcbcs, c vjijs pfr dmirffr-kcemsdfs ef `chmtucajs, pujbje sjrifesjiujeimc bj ac meduefbjprjsmecsfimcbc ca trctcdmjetf bja ieijr.Cakuefs nrdcifs jdpajcbfs je jaieijr f sus ifdpamicimfejs pujbjeprfvficr setfdcs bja smstjdc ejrvmfsfijetrca sjdjgcetjs c acs bj uec jenjr-djbcb djtcstsmic f pujbje mdmtcr

sebrfdjs pcrcejfpasmifs ifdf jasebrfdj bj sjirjime mecbjiucbc bj`frdfec cetmbmurtmic.


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Ac dmsme prmdfrbmca bja dbmifbj C\ js ifetrmhumr c ac bjscpcrmimebj ac smetfdctfafkc y ca iriuaf vmimfsf

cekustmc-cesmjbcb-bjprjsme-cekustmc,quj sujaj mestcurcrsj je acs pjrsfecs cacs quj sj ajs `c bmckefstmicbf ue ie-ijr. \crc jaaf sj prjimsc trctcr y ifetrfacrja iucbrf cesmfsf quj pujbc cpcrjijr jeafs jenjrdfs burcetj afs prmdjrfs bcs ytcdhme c af acrkf bj tfbf ja prfijsf.Ja rjifefimdmjetf y ja trctcdmjetf bj acbjprjsme js ue ifdpfejetj mdpfrtcetjbj jstc jenjrdjbcb. Ac meimbjeimc bj

bjprjsme js bj carjbjbfr bja 8: % bjatftca y pujbj sjr supjrmfr je pcimjetjsife dcyfr bjhmambcb. Js prfhchaj je japcimjetj quj prjsjetc ue emdf bjprm-dmbf (bmsnfrmc) f uec prbmbc bj metjrspfr ja pacijr (ce`jbfemc) burcetj cadjefs 8 sjdcecs. Yujaje jstcr prjsje-tjs cbjds trjs f ds bj afs smkumjetjssetfdcs7 catjrcimfejs bja cpjtmtf, prf-hajdcs bj sujf, rjtrcsf f ckmtcime psm-

ifdftfrjs, nctmkc, sjetmdmjetf bj iuapcf meutmambcb, meicpcimbcb pcrc ifeije-trcrsj f mbjcime sumimbc. Afs jenjrdfsife jstfs setfdcs bjhje rjimhmr trctc-dmjetf ncrdcifakmif3.

Ym ac jenjrdjbcb `c iurcbf fjstchmamzcbf, ja dbmif bj C\ bjhjrifachfrcr c ac rjmesjrime sfimca bjapcimjetj y bjhjr cyubcraj c ctjeucr

acs rjciimfejs mebjsjchajs bj afs trc-tcdmjetfs bja ieijr, c rjiupjrcrsj ycbcptcrsj c ac eujvc smtucime. Ym pfrbjskrcimc ja pcimjetj jetrc je ac ncsjnmeca, ja Dbmif bj C\ prfiurcr prjs-tcr su cpfyf c ac ncdmamc bjsbj afs prm-djrfs dfdjetfs, metjetcebf bcr tfbcac menfrdcime y jxpamicimfejs pfsmhajsca jetfref bja pcimjetj c ac vjz quj jatrctcdmjetf y pftjeimcr afs iumbcbfs

pcamctmvfs `cstc afs atmdfs bcs98,99.Ymjdprj citucr hcgf afs ds jxqumsm-tfs prmeimpmfs bj ac tmic dbmic.

IZMBCBFY \CAMCRM^FY JEJA \CIMJERJ IFE IEIJX

Je uec jxpfsmime ifdf ac qujefs fiupc, ef pfbc ncatcr uec sfdjrcrjnjrjeimc c afs iumbcbfs pcamctmvfsje jenjrdfs feifakmifs, pfrquj acFDY afs rjifefij ifdf uec pcrtjds bja trctcdmjetf kafhca bja ieijr,imriuestceimc je ac quj ja Dbmif bjNcdmamc js uec pmjzc iacvj bjetrf bjsu frkcemzcime, je jstrji`c rjacime yifeguetcdjetj ife ja jqumpf duatmbms-

impamecrmf `fspmtcacrmf quj `c trctcbfca jenjrdf.

Iucebf ue tudfr yc ef rjspfebjc afs trctcdmjetfs iurctmvfs, afs pcimje-tjs y sus ncdmamcrjs ckrcbjije quj sjtfdje djbmbcs quj cyubje c pcamcrafs setfdcs c acs quj ifeijbje krcemdpfrtceimc. \fr jsf js jsjeimca quj jadbmif bj C\ ifefzic idf prfpfr-

imfecr uefs hujefs iumbcbfs pcamctmvfs(I.\.) pcrc iuhrmr sus bmstmetcs ejijsm-bcbjs bj hmjejstcr je ja aukcr quj sjcdjgfr pcrc ja pcimjetj. Afs I\ ifesm-bjrce ca jenjrdf y c su ncdmamc ifdfuec uembcb bj trctcdmjetf, pfrquj afquj sj `cij pfr uef menauyj je ja ftrf.\rfiurce jbuicr y cpfycr c ac ncdmamc,`cimebfajs pcrtimpjs sm af bjsjce jesus iumbcbfs pujs jaaf ncimamtc sfhrj-

aajvcr ac jenjrdjbcb y ja bujaf pfstj-rmfr. Ifdf ac jenjrdjbcb meiurchaj sjcifdpcc bj ue jajvcbf sunrmdmjetfnsmif, jdfimfeca y ncdmamcr, su fhgjtmvfprmeimpca sjr dcetjejr f djgfrcr acicambcb bj vmbc bja pcimjetj c trcvs bjuec hujec ifduemicime pcrc ifefijrsus ejijsmbcbjs y citucr ife rjspjtfc su vfauetcb y ue cbjiucbf ifetrfabj afs setfdcs. Ifdprjebje je fic-

smfejs ja jdpajf bj bmvjrsfs djbmfsprjvjetmvfs, iurctmvfs f rj`chmamtcbf-rjs, meiausf tjrcpmcs metjrvjeimfemstcs


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(pfr jg, ue brjecgj je ac bmsejc pfr uebjrrcdj pajurca, rcbmftjrcpmc pcamctmvcpcrc ja ifetrfa bja bfafr, jti.), smjdprj

pcrc prfiurcr su dcyfr hmjejstcr, smeprfbuimraj ds sunrmdmjetf99.

Ac djbmimec iurctmvc y ac pcamctmvc`ce bj ifevmvmr burcetj acs prmdjrcsjtcpcs bj ac `mstfrmc ecturca bja ie-ijr. Js achfr nuebcdjetca bja dbmifbj ichjijrc menfrdcr c ac ncdmamc y capcimjetj sfhrj jstfs cspjitfs y tcd-hme sfhrj idf vc c sjr ac ncsj nmeca,

je jspjimca sm aj prjkuetce, pujstf qujbj ac menfrdcime cbjiucbc bjpje-bje dui`fs bj afs iumbcbfs quj sjprjstcr ja pcimjetj y quj stj pujbctjejr tmjdpf pcrc crrjkacr cakuefs bjsus csuetfs. Ze jenjrdf y uec ncdmamcbjsmenfrdcbfs, ife catfs emvjajs bjcesmjbcb f sme ja cpfyf jxtjref ejij-scrmf, ef pujbje cnrfetcr ife ac bjhmbctrcequmambcb acs smtucimfejs icdhmcetjs

je ac jtcpc nmeca. Ac ncdmamc sfac sujajsjr meicpcz bj bmspjescr uec ctjeimecbjiucbc y bj fhsjrvcr ac smtucimeife fhgjtmvmbcb y jiucemdmbcb y ejij-smtc bmvjrsfs cpfyfs jetrj jaafs afs bjtmpf nsmif, jbuicime je iumbcbfs yjdfimfecajs. Ym ja pcimjetj ef pujbjmekjrmr afs djbmicdjetfs sj jdpajcrac vc suhiutejc quj tmjej icbc vjzds utmambcb pcrc ja ifetrfa smetfd-

tmif y ac `mbrctcime, sm sj ifesmbjrcifevjemjetj. Ja dbmif bjhjr jvcaucraajkcbf ja dfdjetf y ife tmjdpfsunmimjetj, ac pfsmhmambcb bj ctjebjrafje icsc ife ja cpfyf bj ue jqumpfbj sfpfrtj pcamctmvf f je uec uembcb`fspmtcacrmc jspjimcamzcbc ifdf acsZembcbjs bj Iumbcbfs \camctmvfs, jejspjimca sm afs setfdcs sfe bmnimajsbj ifetrfacr. Yjkumre smjebf tcetf f

ds mdpfrtcetjs je jstfs dfdjetfs, acprfxmdmbcb, ja tmjdpf y ac jdpctc. Jejstc ncsj nmeca, sj iudpaj cqujaaf bj7

Iucebf yc ef pujbc tu imjeimc, qujaf pujbc tu pcimjeimc, jstf js, quj jadbmif bjhjr supamr ife ds vmsmtcs c

su bfdmimamf pcrc rjkuacr sus trctcdmje-tfs, ife ds ctjeime ca bjtcaaj y ifeuec dcyfr bjbmicime ca jenjrdf y csu ncdmamc. Ym ncaajij, cbjds bj dcem-njstcr sus ifebfajeimcs c ac ncdmamc, jadbmif bjhjr sjkumr pjrdcejimjebfijricef y chmjrtf c afs bfamjetjs fnrj-imjebf su cpfyf `cstc quj supjrje afsburfs jnjitfs bj ac prbmbc98-99.

Ifdf ifeiausme, ifevmjejbjimr quj afs iumbcbfs pcamctmvfs bjapcimjetj ife ieijr nfrdce pcrtj bjue chcemif bj pfsmhmambcbjs bj ctje-ime ca jenjrdf bjsbj su bmckestmif.Yus ejijsmbcbjs vcrce ife ja tmjdpfy, je ac ncsj tjrdmeca, supjrce acs pfsm-hmambcbjs bj ue sfaf prfnjsmfeca. Bjc` ja metjrs bj ifetcr ife jqumpfsduatmbmsimpamecrjs quj ifachfrje ife

afs dbmifs bj Ctjeime \rmdcrmc ifefeiafkfs, psmiafkfs, rj`chmamtcbfrjs,csmstjetjs sfimcajs y vfauetcrmfs.

HMHAMFKXCNC

3. AFEKF B.A. Jstubmf bja pcimjetjife ieijr. Je7 @crrmsfe7 \rmeimpmfsbj Djbmimec Metjrec, jbmtcbc pfr

J. Hrcuewcab, C. Ncuim, B. Ocspjr,Y.A. @cusjr, B Afekf y A. Gcdjsfe,Di Krcw @maa, 3; Jb. 8


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`ttp7//www.utbfa.ifd/feamej/ife-tjet/tfpmi.bf6tfpmiOjy4prmVfeif/80=0vmjw4prmet.

:. CHJAFNN D. B, CXDMRCKJ G. F,EMJBJX@ZHJX Gf`e J, OCYRCEDMI@CJA H, DI OJEEC [. KMAAMJY.Iamemica Feifafky. 9 Jb. Dcbrmb7Jasjrvmjr?8


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92. Ayfe. Nrceij, 3==:.

82. Metjrectmfeca Ckjeiy nfr Xjsjcri`fe Iceijr, [fromek Krfup fe t`jJvcauctmfe fn Icrimefkjemi Xmso tfùdces7 @jpctmtms vmrusjs. ^faudje:=, Ayfe, Nrceij, 3==2.

8:. Metjrectmfeca Ckjeiy nfr Xjsjcri`fe Iceijr, [fromek Krfup fe t`j

Jvcauctmfe fn Icrimefkjemi Xmso tfùdces7 @udce Meduefbjnmimjeiy^mrusjs ceb @udce R- IjaaAmdp`ftrfpmi ^mrusjs. ^fadj >:.,Ayfe Nrceij, 3==>.

8>. Metjrectmfeca Ckjeiy nfr Xjsjcri`fe Iceijr, [fromek Krfup fe t`jJvcauctmfe fn Icrimefkjemi Xmso tfùdces7 Jpstjme- Hcrr ^mrus cebOcpfsms Ycrifdc @jrpjsvmrus/

ùdce @jrpjs vmrus 0. ^faudje ;3,Ayfe, Nrceij, 3==2.

80. [XMK@R, RI. Gr. jt ca. Metjrmd kumb-ceij nfr t`j usj fn ùdce pcpmaaf-dcvmrus BEC tjstmek cs ce cbgueit

tf ijrvmica iytfafky nfr sirjjemek.Fhstjt Kyejifa 8


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Gfs Gcvmjr Wuhjabmc Icdmefs

MD\FXRCEIMC BJ AFY \XFKXCDCYBJ BMCKEYRMIF X\MBF

JE JA IEIJX BJ DCDC ] IFAFE


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Mdpfrtceimc bj afs prfkrcdcs bj bmckestmif rpmbf je ja ieijr bj dcdc y ifafe

99

XJYZDJE

FHGJRM^F7Cecamzcr ac jnmicimc

ac bjtjiime prjifz bja ieijr bjdcdc y ifafe.

DRFBF7 Hsqujbc jeZptfbctj, Menfpfjds, Rrmpbctchcsj,ife afs trdmefs7 hrjcst iceijr,dcddfkrcp`y, dcddfkrcd,dfrtcamty y ifafrjitca iceijr,fiiuat haffb tjstmek, ifafefsifpy,dfrtcamty

XJYZARCBF7 Je uec rjvmsmesmstjdtmic bj ac Ifi`rcej 8


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92

Je jstj crtiuaf vcdfs c ijetrcr-efs je ja bjtjiime prjifz bja ieijrbj dcdc, pfr sjr uef bj afs irmhcbfs

je ja quj ds jxpjrmjeimc cy ciudu-acbc y bja ieijr bj ifafe, pfr sjr uetudfr iuyc meimbjeimc vc cudjetcebfbj nfrdc prfkrjsmvc bfebj afs prfkrc-dcs bj bjtjiime y acs rjifdjebcimf-ejs sfe rjactmvcdjetj rjimjetjs. \crcjaaf `jdfs rjcamzcbf uec hsqujbcife nji`c bj Jejrf bja 8


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9:

3==9? [@F 8


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9>

smkefs em setfdcs bj jenjrdjbcb. Rcajs cs quj sj icaiuac quj ue 3) sj jstmdcquj ja rmjskf bj quj ue icrimefdc mesmtu jvfauimfej c uec ieijr mevcsmvfc af acrkf bj ac vmbc js djefr quj ja:


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9;

dugjrjs ife rmjskf hcgf, djbmf y catf.Xjimjetjdjetj sj `c puhamicbf uejstubmf (;)(emvja bj jvmbjeimc 3h) je

ja quj ac dcdfkrcnc ifdhmecbc ifeac jifkrcnc bjtjitc ue dcyfr edjrfbj dugjrjs ife ieijr bj dcdc qujsaf ac dcdfkrcnc, pjrf c jxpjescs bjbmsdmeumr ac jspjimnmimbcb y pfr tcetfbj ue edjrf dcyfr bj hmfpsmcs ifeja bcf psmifakmif quj pujbj icuscrc ac pcimjetj.

\fr tcetf, pfbjdfs ifeiaumr quj73) Ef jst iacrf quj ja usf bj acdcdfkrcnc ifdf dtfbf bj irmhcbfpcrc ieijr bj dcdc bmsdmeuyc jarmjskf bj dujrtj pfr jstc icusc. 8) Jsifevjemjetj menfrdcr c acs dugjrjs bjarmjskf catf bj tjejr ue ncasf pfsmtmvfsme quj tjekc ue ieijr ife ja pfsmhajrmjskf bj sjr sfdjtmbc c uec hmfpsmc.9) Acs dugjrjs quj sfe sfdjtmbcs ueirmhcbf tmjeje dcyfr rmjskf bj sjrmetjrvjembcs y rcbmcbcs.

Afs nfaajtfs menfrdctmvfs `chacesfhrj tfbf bj afs jnjitfs hjejnmimfsfsbja irmhcbf sme `cijr cpjecs dje-ime c afs pfsmhajs bcfs (HDG 8


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90

Je ja sjkuebf supujstf, js bjimr,pjrsfecs quj tmjeje uec `mstfrmc ncdm-amcr (bj ieijr bj ifafe je jbcbjs

tjdprcecs, ue ieijr datmpaj, ds bjue tudfr prmdcrmf f ds bj ue ncdmamcrcnjitf bj ue ieijr bj ifafe), acs rjif-djebcimfejs bj acs bmstmetcs csfimcimf-ejs sfe acs bj ifdjezcr c rjcamzcrsjuec ifafefsifpmc hmje c afs 2< cfs f3< cfs prjvmfs c ac jbcb bj ifdmjezfbja ncdmamcr cnjitcbf. Jstc rjifdjebc-ime sj hcsc je jstubmfs bj icsfs ife-trfajs (0 )(emvja bj jvmbjeimc 9h).

Je afs pcimjetjs ife rmjskf djbmfjxmstje smjtj tjsts quj sj pujbje utm-amzcr pcrc ja irmhcbf7 smkdfmbfsifpmc,ifafefsifpmc, jejdc fpcif bj bfhajifetrcstj, ifafefsifpmc vmrtuca, tjst bjakucycif, tjst meduefqudmif njica,bjtjiime bj BEC njica.

Ja tjst bj scekrj fiuatc je dctj-rmc njica (f tjst bj kucycif) js ac

emic tiemic quj `c bjdfstrcbf bms-dmeumr ac dfrtcambcb pfr ieijr bjifafe hcsebfsj je jescyfs iaemifs.@cy uec rjvmsme smstjdtmic bj acIfi`rcej (=)(emvja bj jvmbjeimc 3c)je ja quj sj rjcamzc ue djtceamsms

bj 2 jescyfs iaemifs je ja quj acbjtjiime rjsuatc je uec rjbuiimerjactmvc jstcbstmicdjetj smkemnmictmvc

je ac dfrtcambcb pfr ieijr ifafrrjitcabja 3>% (dfbjafs bj jnjitfs nmgfs ycajctfrmfs7 XX7


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9=

\fr tcetf, bj icbc 3). Ife jstf pfbjdfsbjimr quj ja tjst bj scekrj fiuatc je`jijs hmceuca js uec hujec prujhcpcrc bjsicrtcr jenjrdjbcb pjrf efpcrc ifenmrdcrac yc quj `cy ue krceedjrf bj ncasfs pfsmtmvfs, pfr af quj`chrc quj rjcamzcr ds prujhcs pcrcifenmrdcr, ife ja bcf psmifakmif y acyctrfkjemc quj pujbj cicrrjcr (sfhrj

tfbf pjrnfrcime pfr ifafefsifpmc).Ac bjtjiime bj BEC je dctjrmc

njica (prujhc ds sjeimaac bj rjcamzcr,yc quj ef prjimsc bj prjpcrcime cbmnjrjeimc bja tjst bj kucycif) ef `cbjdfstrcbf sjr supjrmfr ca tjst bj sce-krj fiuatc je `jijs, yc quj c pjscr bjbjtjitcr ds ieijrjs bj ifafe tmjejds ncasfs pfsmtmvfs (3


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2 dmaafejs bj pcrjs bjhcsjs, uec eujvc dutcime js prfhchajquj sj prfbuzic je cakuec pcrtj bjakjefdc bj uec iauac, uec vjz icbc bfsbmvmsmfejs. Jstc imnrc pujbj sjr csudmbc

ifdf ja udhrca demdf bj dutcimequj acs jxpfsmimfejs cdhmjetcajs sjjeicrkce pfstjrmfrdjetj bj cudjetcr.\fr ftrf acbf, afs prfijsfs djtcham-ifs `chmtucajs je ja frkcemsdf kjejrcedfaiuacs rjcitmvcs, ifdf afs rcbmicajsamhrjs, quj pujbje bccr bj dcejrcifetmeuc eujstrf CBE. \fr af tcetf,uec prfpfrime ifesmbjrchaj bj ieijr`udcef js ifesjiujeimc bj ac ciudu-

acime ca czcr bj dutcimfejs je jstfskjejs irtmifs quj rjkuace ja irjimdmjetfijauacr. Cetj af jxpujstf sj pujbj bjimrquj ja dcetjemdmjetf metcitf bj eujs-trf CBE js uec hctcaac bmnima, y je uedcrif bj tmjdpf sunmimjetj, ja ieijr jsue rjsuatcbf prfhchaj, mebjpjebmjetj-djetj bj acs jxpfsmimfejs cdhmjetcajs.Rca y ifdf cpuetchc rjimjetjdjetjDcrmcef Hcrhcimb, rjspfeschaj bja

Ijetrf Ecimfeca bj MevjstmkcimfejsFeifakmics (IEMF), ac ifesjiujeimcbja meirjdjetf bj ac jspjrcezc bj vmbcbj ac pfhacime je ja duebf bjscrrf-aacbf `c aajvcbf jqumpcrcbf ue meirj-djetf je ac meimbjeimc bj ieijr jekjejrca, sme ifetcr ife acs jxpfsmimfejsc bjtjrdmecbfs ckjetjs cdhmjetcajs fafs `hmtfs bj vmbc bj mebmvmbufs y kru-pfs pfhacimfecajs.

Zec tjrijrc nfrdc bj cbqumrmr dutc-imfejs je afs kjejs irtmifs quj rjkuace

ac prfamnjrcime ijauacr js ac `jrjbmtcrmc.Yaf uec pjqujc prfpfrime, sj jstmdcquj jetrj ue : y ue 3


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Ac kjetmic je ja ieijr. Ja pcpja bj ac ctjeime prmdcrmc

Rchac 3

Yebrfdjs bj \rjbmspfsmime @jrjbmtcrmc ca Ieijr(nujetj Ijetrf Ecimfeca bj Mevjstmkcimfejs Feifakmics IEMF, 8


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Mcom Kutmrrjz Mhcrauzjc y Juectj Crcec Crrm

:8

i. Jetmbcbjs ife `jrjeimc cutfsdmic rjijsmvc

\ctfafkc Meimbjeimc Kje Afius

Cejdmc bj Nceifem 3/9>.3

Ctcxmc-tjacekmjitcsmc 3/9


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:9

9. @CYRC SZ \ZERF JY JAIEIJX @JXJBMRCXMF6

Ym jdpajcdfs ja ieijr bj fvcrmfy bj dcdc ifdf jgjdpafs7 838.>


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:2

2. IZAJY YFE ACYYFY\JI@CY BJ ZEC\XJBMY\FYMIMENCDMAMCX CA IEIJX6

Ac `mstfrmc ncdmamcr js ja mebmimfds mdpfrtcetj c uec prjbmspfsmime cieijr `jrjbmtcrmf je ja mebmvmbuf f suncdmamc. Yme jdhcrkf, csjvjrcr afs bctfsbj ac `mstfrmc ncdmamcr pujbj supfejrdui`f tmjdpf sm jstfs ef jste sunm-imjetjdjetj hmje rjifkmbfs y, c djefs

quj afs dbmifs bj ncdmamc sjce icpc-ijs bj fhtjejr menfrdcime cbjiucbc,pujbje pjrbjrsj pfsmhajs pcimjetjssusijptmhajs bj pcbjijr sebrfdjs bjieijr `jrjbcbf quj pfbrce hjej-nmimcrsj bj ue bmckestmif y ifesjgfkjetmif (30-8


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::

:. \FX SZ JY MD\FXRCERJJA XJIFEFIJX NCDMAMCYBJ CARF XMJYKF6

Ym sj pujbj mbjetmnmicr c mebmvmbufsife catf rmjskf f susijptmhmambcb bjpcbjijr ue ieijr `jrjbmtcrmf bjetrfbj ncdmamcs bjtjrdmecbcs, afs pcimjetjsy sus ncdmamcs pujbje jstcr dftmvcbfspcrc icdhmcr sus `hmtfs. Js mdpfr-tcetj rjifrbcr quj ac pjejtrceimc bjacs dutcimfejs rcrcdjetj js ifdpajtc.Ac pjejtrceimc meifdpajtc sj bjhj c

quj ja njeftmpf csfimcbf c ac dutcimepujbj tjejr uec icusc duatmncitfrmcay pfr tcetf, su jxprjsme njeftpmicpujbj vjrsj me`mhmbc pfr ftrfs ncitf-rjs, yc sjce cdhmjetcajs f kjetmifs.Yj `c bjdfstrcbf pfr ftrc pcrtj qujja ifesjgf kjetmif, y ac vmkmaceimcjxpjitcetj ifebuij c ue meirjdjetfbj ac supjrvmvjeimc je afs ieijrjs bjdcdc y fvcrmf (38). Mkucadjetj je ja

jstubmf Nrcdmek`cd, uec bj acs sjrmjsbj sjkumdmjetf ds mdpfrtcetjs c emvjaduebmca sj jeifetr quj ja jdpajfbj dcdfkrcncs bj ifetrfa nuj dcyfrjetrj acs dugjrjs ife `mstfrmc ncdmamcrbj ieijr bj dcdc quj je acs dugjrjssme `mstfrmc ncdmamcr (89). Ze jstubmfbj ieijr bj ifafe, jeifetr quj uerjifefimbf `mstfrmca ncdmamcr bj ieijrsj csfim ife uec djgfr cb`jrjeimc c

acs rjifdjebcimfejs bj smkdfmbfsif-pmc (82).

Ja jnjitf ejkctmvf bj uec prujhcbj prjbmspfsmime ca ieijr ef bjhj-rc pcscrsj pfr catf y s trctcbf je sugustc djbmbc. Bj `ji`f, iucebf jxmstjuec dutcime ifefimbc je ac ncdmamcac sjesmhmambcb y jspjimnmimbcb bj acprujhc js pritmicdjetj bja 3


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:>

pctfafkcs tudfrcajs, dxmdj iucebfacs ef `jrjbmtcrmcs supfeje jetrj ue =87

>;>->0=.38. YI@JZJX, A., OCZNN, E., XFHYFE,

D., OJAA], H., HCXCOCR, X.,YCRCKF\CE, G., JAAMY, E., @JEYAJ],D., HF]B, G. & HFXKJE, \. (8


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>-:


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Ceec Rueju cas y Crcetxc Apjz \jstcc

DCEMNJYRCIMFEJY JPRJXECY BJACY JENJXDJBCBJY FEIFAKMICY.

YEBXFDJY \CXCEJF\AYMIFYJE BJXDCRFAFKC


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Dcemnjstcimfejs jxtjrecs bj acs jenjrdjbcbjs feifakmics

>9

Jxmstje krce vcrmjbcb bj sebrfdjsiutejfs csfimcbfs c ejfpacsmc qujpujbje cpcrjijr ca dmsdf tmjdpf quj

ja tudfr, prjijbjr f suijbjr djsjs fcfs cetjs f bjspus bj su bjtjiime.\fr jaaf, cetj iucaqumjr sebrfdj iut-ejf pcrcejfpasmif js mdpfrtcetj bjs-icrtcr uec pfsmhaj tudfrcime dcamkecsuhycijetj.

Xjvmscdfs afs prmeimpcajs sebrf-djs pcrcejfpasmifs bjrdctfakmifs,guetf c acs ejfpacsmcs quj ds nrjiuje-

tjdjetj sj ajs csfimce (tchacs M c MMM)j mebmicdfs sus rjspjitmvfs dtfbfsbmckestmifs y tjrcputmifs.

Rchac MAjsmfejs pmkdjetcbcs y qujrctfsms

Yebrfdj iutejf (%) Bjsirmpime \rfijsfs csfimcbfs Xjns.

Cicetfsms emkrmices(EB, hcgc nrjiujeimc)

\acics bj ifafr krms pcr-buzif, cspjitf vjrruifsfy supjrffiimj ctjrimfpj-acbc, bj bmspfsmime smd-trmic je rjcs bj pamjkujs(cxmacs, mekajs, pjrme,iujaaf)

Cbjeficrimefdcs7 jst-dckf y ftrfs (peirjcs yvcs hmamcrjs, ifafrrjitca,fvcrmf, jebfdjtrmf, pua-de, dcdc)

3

Cicetfsms pcadcr(trmpj pcads)(=


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Ceec Rueju ^cas y Crcetxc Apjz \jstcc

>2

Rchac MMBjrdctfsms ejutrfnamics y jrmtjdcs

Yebrfdj iutejf (%) Bjsirmpime \rfijsfs csfimcbfs Xjns.Yebrfdj bj Ywjjt(3


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>:

Rchac MMMDmsijaejc

Yebrfdj iutejf (%) Bjsirmpime \rfijsfs csfimcbfs Xjns.\effikf pcrcejfpasmif(EB, icsm smjdprj)

Jstfdctmtms krcvj, c csfimcbcc ifeguetmvmtms psjubfdjd-hrcefsc y ajsmfejs je duif-sc ecsca, jsfnkmic y kjemtca.Ajsmfejs iutejcs duy pfam-dfrncs, ife cnjitcime pca-dfpacetcr. \ujbj csfimcrsjuec hrfequmfamtms fhamtjrcetj,ficsmfecadjetj dfrtca.

Amenfdc ef @fbkome,ajuijdmc amentmic irem-ic, tmdfdc, dcirfkafhu-amejdmc bj [cabjestrd.Xcrcdjetj icrimefdcs,scrifdcs y djacefdc.

32, 3:

Mitmfsms cbqumrmbc(EB)

Bjsicdcime smdtrmic,ds f djefs metjesc, bjjsicdcs haceics f dcrrf-eijcs, c emvja bj trfeif ydmjdhrfs, prjbfdmecetj-djetj je acs supjrffiimjs bjjxtjesme

Jenjrdjbcb bj @fbkome,ftrfs amenfdcs, dmjafdcdatmpaj, scrifdc bj Oc-pfsm

3>, 3;

Bjrdctfdmfsmtms(9


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C. AJYMFEJY \MKDJERCBCY] SZJXCRFYMY

Afs iuctrf prmdjrfs sebrfdjs bjjstj cpcrtcbf sfe7 ac cicetfsms emkrm-ices, ac cicetfsms pcadcr, ja sebrfdjbj Ajsjr-Rract y ja sebrfdj bj Hczjx7Rfbcs jaacs tmjeje uec icrcitjrstmicifde, y js quj cuequj su pctfkj-emc js pfif ifefimbc, sj pfstuac qujac amhjrcime RKN-canc- y ftrcs imtfim-ecs pfr ja tudfr, pfbrce bjtjrdmecrac prfamnjrcime bj afs qujrctmefimtfs

icrcitjrstmic.Emekuef bj jaafs tmjej ue trctc-

dmjetf ifefimbf, pjrf je kjejrca acsajsmfejs iutejcs djgfrce iucebf jatrctcdmjetf bja tudfr js jnmicz.

C.3. Cicetfsms emkrmices (CE)

Js uec jrupime smdtrmic quj

sj icrcitjrmzc pfr jekrfscdmjetf j`mpjrpmkdjetcime iutejc bj ifafrkrms pcrbuzif, bj cspjitf vjrruifsfy supjrnmimj ctjrimfpjacbc, quj cpc-rjij sfhrj tfbf je pamjkujs (cxmacs,mekajs, pjrme, euic y actjrcajs bjaiujaaf), cuequj tcdhme pujbj cnji-tcr c duifsc frca y achmfs, y je icsfsjxtrjdfs, pujbj chcricr tfbc ac pmja,meiauyjebf pcadcs y pacetcs3.

Cuequj su rjacime ife ja ieijrjs hmje ifefimbc, ac dcyfrc bj afsicsfs cifetjije je pcimjetjs gvjejssme dcamkembcb y ifmeimbmjebf ifefhjsmbcb f rjsmstjeimc c ac mesuamec.

Ja iucbrf sj mestcurc bj nfrdcajetc y csmetfdtmic, pjrf je afs icsfspcrcejfpasmifs sujaj csfimcrsj c pru-rmtf y prfkrjscr ife dcyfr rcpmbjz

y jxtjesme. Ac ejfpacsmc suhycijetjsujaj sjr ue cbjeficrimefdc (kstrmifje ds bj ac dmtcb bj afs icsfs, pjrf

tcdhme pujbj sjr bj peirjcs, vcshmamcrjs, ifafe y rjitf, jebfdjtrmf,fvcrmf, puade, prstctc f dcdc). Yj

`ce bjsirmtf icsfs je amenfdc f ejf-pacsmc tjstmiuacr.

Ac CE cpcrjij ca dmsdf tmjdpfquj ja tudfr je ja >3% bj afs icsfs.Je ja 88% ja bmckestmif bja ieijrprjijbj c ac bjrdctfsms, y je ja 3;%rjstcetj ac CE prjijbj ca ieijr, cvjijs cfs.

Ja bmckestmif js iaemif pfr ja

cspjitf icrcitjrstmif bj ac pmja yduifscs cnjitcbcs.

Ja trctcdmjetf bjhj mr bmrmkmbf c acicusc suhycijetj. Ac jxrjsms tudfrcabjtjrdmec ac djgfrc f bjscpcrmime bjacs ajsmfejs iutejcs y, c ac mevjrsc, acrjimbmvc bj ac ejfpacsmc sj cifdpccbj ue jdpjfrcdmjetf.

C.8. Cicetfsms pcadcr (trmpj pcads)7(C\)

Ifesmstj je ue jekrfscdmjetf ctjr-imfpjacbf bj acs pcadcs, ife jxc-kjrcime bj afs surifs bj ac pmja yuec `mpjrpmkdjetcime dcrrfeijc.Yu cspjitf js smdmacr c ac duifsc bjajstdckf bj afs rudmcetjs, bj c` suefdhrj je mekas.

Je ds bja =


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C.9. Ymkef bj Ajsjr-Rract

Ifesmstj je ac cpcrmime jruptmvcbj datmpajs qujrctfsms sjhfrrjmicsprurmkmefscs, quj irjije rpmbcdjetj ypfsjje c djeubf ue `caf menacdctfrmf.Ym jxmstje qujrctfsms prjvmcs, cudjetcebj tcdcf y sj `cije smetfdtmics.

Afs tudfrjs ds nrjiujetjdjetjcsfimcbfs sfe afs cbjeficrimefdcschbfdmecajs (jstdckf, `kcbf, pe-irjcs, ifafe y rjitf), cuequj tcdhmesj `c bjsirmtf je ieijrjs bj dcdc,

puade y amenfdcs8.Je cakuefs icsfs sj csfimcimc ja

smkef bj Ajsjr-Rract ife ac CE. \ujbjprjijbjr je vcrmfs djsjs ca bmckestmifbj ac ejfpacsmc, f pujbj cpcrjijr bjs-pus. Ja trctcdmjetf bja tudfr mebuijac mevfauime bj acs ajsmfejs.

C.2. Cirfqujrctfsms pcrcejfpasmic f

Yebrfdj bj HczjxIfesmstj je ac cpcrmime bj pac-

ics jrmtjdctf-vmfaijcs psfrmcsmnfrdjshmactjrcajs y smdtrmics, je zfecs circs,cnjitcebf c ecrmz y frjgcs, y dcefsy pmjs bfebj ficsmfec femifbmstrf-nmc, cnjitcime pjrmuekujca y qujrc-tfbjrdmc pcadfpacetcr Afs tudfrjsds nrjiujetjdjetj mdpamicbfs sfe

afs icrimefdcs jsicdfsfs bj jsnckf,ichjzc y iujaaf y puade, `chmebfsjbjsirmtf tcdhme je ac jenjrdjbcb bj@fbkome9. Ac cpcrmime bja sebrfdjprjijbj ca bmckestmif bj ac ejfpacsmcje ja >. Jenjrdjbcb bj \ckjt

Ac jenjrdjbcb bj \ckjt bj acdcdc sj prjsjetc ifdf uec pacicjrmtjdctfsc y ajvjdjetj qujrctsmic cemvja bja ifdpajgf crjfac-pjze, y cvjijs je ac pmja imriuebcetj. Yj trctc bjue icrimefdc me smtu, pjrf je ijric bjac dmtcb bj afs icsfs ifjxmstj ife ueicrimefdc mevcsfr suhcrjfacr. Ja bmck-estmif js `mstfakmif, ca fhsjrvcr acsicrcitjrstmics iauacs bj \ckjt je achmfpsmc iutejc. Bcbc ac catc nrjiuje-imc bj icrimefdcs mevcsfrjs fiuatfs jsmdprjsimebmhaj jnjitucr uec jxpafrc-ime ifdpajtc csfimcbc c dcdfkrcncf XDE pcrc bjsicrtcraf.

Ac jenjrdjbcb bj \ckjt jxtrc-dcdcrmc tcdhme js ue icrimefdc mesmtubj pmja, ife cspjitf bj bjrdctfsmsjrmtjdctfsc y jxubctmvc, aficamzcbc jeac zfec kjemtca f pjrmceca. Ac hmfpsmcbj pmja js bmckestmic jvmbjeimebfsjiauacs bj \ckjt je ac jpmbjrdms. Jeja :


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H. BJXDCRFYMYEJZRXFNAMICY

Acs bjrdctfsms ejutrfnamics ifes-tmtuyje ue krupf `jtjrfkejf bj prf-ijsfs bmnjrjetjs pjrf etmdcdjetjrjacimfecbfs. Yj icrcitjrmzce `mstfakm-icdjetj pfr ac prjsjeimc bj menmatrcbfsbj ajuifimtfs pfamdfrnfeuiajcrjs eju-trnmafs je ac bjrdms, sme quj sj fhgj-tmvj emeke prfijsf menjiimfsf ifdfckjetj icusca. Bjsbj ja puetf bj vmstciaemif sj dcemnmjstce ifdf vjsiuacs,

pstuacs, pacics, ebuafs f aijrcs,pubmjebf fhsjrvcrsj bmnjrjetjs tmpfsbj ajsmfejs je ue dmsdf pcimjetj.Ficsmfecadjetj cbjds bj ac pmja sjcnjitce ftrfs rkcefs, tcajs ifdf fgfs,crtmiuacimfejs, `ujsfs, puade, `kcbfy kcekamfs amentmifs.

Cakuecs bj jstcs bjrdctfsms eju-trfnamics, je pcrtmiuacr ja sebrfdj bj

Ywjjt, ja pmfbjrdc kcekrjefsf, ja jrm-tjdc jajvctud bmutmeud y ac mbrcbjem-tms ejutrfnamic jirmec, pujbje cpcrjijrje ja trcesiursf bj prfijsfs ejfpa-smifs, nuebcdjetcadjetj `jdfpctcsdcamkecs, smjebf je cakuecs ficsmfejsja prmdjr smkef bj ac jenjrdjbcb.

H.3. Yebrfdj bj Ywjjt

Rcdhme bjefdmecbf bjrdctf-sms ejutrfnamic njhrma ckubc, sujaj sjrmbmfptmif, pjrf je ja :


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aafsc jvfauimfec `cimc ac nfrdcimebj aijrcs supjrnmimcajs, mebmstmekumhajsbja pmfbjrdc kcekrjefsf cdpfaafsf y

sj csfimc c ac ajuijdmc. \crc cakuefscutfrjs jstc nfrdc ctpmic bj sebrfdjbj Ywjjt y ja pmfbjrdc kcekrjefsfcdpfaafsf je rjcambcb sfe ue ifetm-euud, y utmamzce ja trdmef bjrdctfsmsejutrfnamics ajuidmicspcrc bjsirmhmrjstfs prfijsfs. Acs dcemnjstcimfejsiutejcs sj sujaje cifdpccr bj nmj-hrj (2). Ja K-IYN prfvficrc uec jstmdu-

acime je ac prfbuiime bj ejutrnmafs,su citmvcime, dcburcime y qumdmf-tcxms, ife ac ifesmkumjetj jajvcime bjaedjrf bj ejutrnmafs je ac scekrj y jeac bjrdms. Ac MA-> sjrc ac rjspfeschajbj ac nmjhrj, ja bfafr y ja cudjetf bjafs rjcitcetjs bj ncsj ckubc.

Ja trctcdmjetf bj jajiime js acprjbemsfec, sjdcecs ife af quj sj fhtmjejuec rpmbc rjsfauime bj afs setfdcs.Acs rjiurrjeimcs sfe nrjiujetjs (9


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B. AJYMFEJY CD\FAAFYCY

B.3. \enmkf pcrcejfpasmif

Ja penmkf pcrcejfpasmif (\\E)nuj bjsirmtf ifdf uec jetmbcb mebmvm-bucamzcbc bja rjstf bj afs penmkfs je3==%). Je jarjstf bj afs pcimjetjs sj bjtjitce ftrftmpf bj ejfpacsmcs, tcajs ifdf icrimef-dcs, scrifdcs y djacefdc32,3:.

Ja \\E sj icrcitjrmzc iaemicdjetjpfr ac prjsjeimc bj uec jstfdctmtmskrcvj, quj sujaj sjr ac prmdjrc dcem-njstcime bj ac jenjrdjbcb y ac dsrjsmstjetj ca trctcdmjetf. Acs ajsmfejs

sfe jrfsmfejs y uaijrcimfejs csfimcbcsc rjcs bj cspjitf amqujefmbj, qujcnjitce c tfbc ac duifsc frfncrekjc,y quj icrcitjrstmicdjetj sj jxtmjebjeca hjrdjaae bja achmf Je ac dcyfrcbj afs pcimjetjs sj csfimc uec ifegue-tmvmtms psjubfdjdhrcefsc krcvj qujpujbj jvfauimfecr `cimc ac fiausmebj afs nremijs ifeguetmvcajs (Nmk 2).Rcdhme sj pujbje fhsjrvcr ajsmf-

ejs je acs duifscs ecsca, jsfnkmic ykjemtca.

Acs ajsmfejs iutejcs sfe duy pfam-dfrncs, meiausf je ue dmsdf pcimjetj,y pujbje smduacr ftrcs jenjrdjbc-bjs cutfmeduejs. Yj pujbje fhsjrvcrdiuacs jrmtjdctfscs, cdpfaacs naim-bcs y jrfsmfejs (ifdf je ja penmkfvuakcr), cdpfaacs tjescs (ifdf je ja

pjenmkfmbj), pjqujcs cdpfaacs bjbmspfsmime ceuacr (ifdf je ac bjr-dctmtms MkC amejca), ajsmfejs ejirtmics

quj rjiujrbce ca jrmtjdc duatmnfrdjy jrupimfejs amqujefmbjs, quj smduaceue amquje pacef f uec jenjrdjbcbmegjrtf-`uspjb. Js icrcitjrstmic accpcrmime bj ajsmfejs pcadf-pacetcrjsife cdpfaacs, quj rjiujrbce ca jrm-tjdc duatmnfrdj, y quj cyubce c bmnj-rjeimcraf bja penmkf vuakcr, bfebj accnjitcime pcadf-pacetcr js duy rcrc.

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tcdhme mdpamicbfs ftrfs djicemsdfsifdf ac imtftfxmimbcb djbmcbc pfriauacs, af quj bjtjrdmec acs bmnjrje-

imcs iaemics ife ja penmkf vuakcr(ajsmfejs iutejcs duy pfamdfrncs yduifsmtms ds krcvj je ja \\E).

Ja bmckestmif bja \\E rjqumjrjafs smkumjetjs irmtjrmfs7 (m) uaijrcimfejsduifscs y ajsmfejs iutejcs pfamdfrncscsfimcbcs c uec ejfpacsmc suhycijetj?(mm) bjkjejrcime vciufacr, ejirfsms bjqujrctmefimtfs y cicetfamsms metrcjpmbr-

dmic je ac `mstfafkc? (mmm) prjsjeimc bjMkK y I9 je ac supjrnmimj bj acs iauacsjpmbrdmics, ife f sme cnjitcime bjac djdhrcec hcsca? (mv) prjsjeimc bjcutfcetmiujrpfs je ja sujrf nrjetj cajpmtjamf trcesmimfeca y jsicdfsf jstrc-tmnmicbf? y (v) bjtjiime bj cutfce-tmiujrpfs je ja sujrf nrjetj c vcrmfscetkjefs bj ac ncdmamc bj acs pacqumecsdjbmcetj meduefprjimpmtcime.

Bfs tjrimfs bj afs pcimjetjs cnji-tfs bj penmkf pcrcejfpasmif tmjejeue prfijsf tudfrca yc bmckefstmicbfje ja dfdjetf bj cpcrmime bj afs prm-djrfs smkefs, kjejrcadjetj ue prfijsfamenfprfamnjrctmvf. \jrf je ds bja 9


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jsicdcs haceics f dcrrfeijcs c emvjabj trfeif y dmjdhrfs, pjrf sfhrj tfbfje pmjrecs. Acs ajsmfejs prjbfdmeceje acs supjrnmimjs bj jxtjesme y sujajerjspjtcr acs najxurcs (Nmk. :).

Ac MC sj pujbj csfimcr c ejfpac-smcs, c ftrfs prfijsfs ef dcamkefs y cac mekjstc bj nrdcifs3>. Je cakuecsficsmfejs, ac MC prjijbj ca bmckestmifbja prfijsf suhycijetj, pfr af quj jsejijscrmf rjcamzcr uec hujec `mstfrmcy acs prujhcs pjrtmejetjs pcrc aajkcr cabmckestmif jtmfakmif. Iucebf ac MC jssjiuebcrmc c ejfpacsmc, ac krcvjbcb bjac mitmfsms sj rjacimfec ife ac krcvjbcbbja tudfr. Ac csfimcime ds nrjiujetjjs ife ac jenjrdjbcb bj @fbkome,cpcrjimjebf kjejrcadjetj c ac vjz fbjspus bja bmckestmif bja amenfdc.Yj `ce bjsirmtf icsfs bj MC csfimcbc cftrcs bjrdctfsms pcrcejfpasmics ifdfac `mpjrqujrctfsms pcadf-pacetcr y jajrmtjdc kmrctud rjpjes.

Je acs mitmfsms `cy uec catjrcimeje ja jqumamhrmf jetrj ac nfrdcime y acjamdmecime bj ac icpc irejc, y ifdf

ifesjiujeimc sj prfbuij ue jekrfsc-dmjetf bj ac dmsdc. Je ac MC js pfsmhajquj uec ejfpacsmc, uec jenjrdjbcb

djtchamic f menacdctfrmc, f ue nrdcif,catjrje cakuec bj acs jezmdcs rjspfesc-hajs bja njedjef bj ifremnmicime.

Je ja icsf bj acs ejfpacsmcs, sj`c pfstuacbf quj acs iauacs tudfrc-ajs prfbuimrce ncitfr bj irjimdmjetftrcesnfrdcetj-canc (RKN-canc), af qujprfvficrc ac prfamnjrcime bj afs quj-rctmefimtfs. Jstj `ji`f, smdmacr c af qujfiurrj ife ftrfs sebrfdjs (cicetfsmsemkrmices, cicetfsms pcadcr, sebrfdjbj Ajsjr-Rract y sebrfdj bj Hczjx)jxpamicrc quj ac iurcime bja tudfrbjtjrdmej ac rjsfauime bj ac MC, y qujsu rjiurrjeimc pujbc prjijbjr c acrjimbmvc bj ac ejfpacsmc3;.

Ja trctcdmjetf sj hcsc je ja ifetrfabj ac jenjrdjbcb bj hcsj, sm js pfsmhaj.Cbjds sfe tmajs acs irjdcs `mbrctce-tjs y afs qujrctfatmifs ifdf ac urjc, jaimbf scamiamif, ja prfpmajekamifa y jaimbf aitmif.

J.8. Bjrdctfdmfsmtms pcrcejfpasmic

Ac bjrdctfdmfsmtms (BD) js uecjenjrdjbcb cutfmeduej quj sj icrci-tjrmzc pfr uec dmfpctc menacdctfrmc,quj prjbfdmec je ac imeturc jsicpuacry pjavmcec, csfimcbc c ajsmfejs iut-ejcs icrcitjrstmics. Iucebf saf sjprfbuij cnjitcime dusiuacr sj bjef-

dmec pfamdmfsmtms (\D). Ac BD js uecjenjrdjbcb pfif nrjiujetj, ife uecmeimbjeimc ceuca bj 8 c ; icsfs pfrdmaae bj `chmtcetjs. \ujbj cpcrjijrc iucaqumjr jbcb, cuequj tmjej bfspmifs bj dcyfr meimbjeimc, uef jetrj3


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Ac dcemnjstcime iutejc dsicrcitjrstmic bj ac BD js ac pfmqum-afbjrdmc, quj cbfptc ue ifafr vmf-

aijf bmstmetmvf. Ac pfmqumafbjrdmcjekafhc rjcs bj `mpjrpmkdjetcime,`mpfpmkdjetcime, tjacekmjitcsmcs yctrfnmc jpmbrdmic. Js icrcitjrstmic acbmstrmhuime je rjcs nftfjxpujstcs,sfhrj tfbf carjbjbfr bj afs fgfs (rcs`je `jamftrfpf) y je acs supjrnmimjsbj jxtjesme, meiauyjebf afs eubmaafs(Nmk. >). C jstj emvja, iucebf acs ajsmf-ejs bj pfmqumafbjrdmc sj amqujemnmice,

sj bjefdmece ppuacs bj Kfttrfe.Rcdhme sfe tpmics acs ajsmfejs je japamjkuj uekujca ife `mpjrtrfnmc bj acsiutiuacs y tjacekmjitcsmcs pjrmuekujc-ajs. Yujaj csfimcrsj dcajstcr kjejrcay dmfpctc, jspjimcadjetj je afs kru-

pfs dusiuacrjs prfxmdcajs, cuequj jeacs ncsjs cvcezcbcs sj pujbje cnjitcrtfbfs afs dsiuafs. Je ja 3:-9


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Ac bjrdctfdmfsmtms/pfamdmfsmtms csf-imcbc c ejfpacsmcs rjqumjrj ue trc-tcdmjetf ds ckrjsmvf quj ac nfrdc

mbmfptmic. Yj bjhje cbdmemstrcr ifrtm-ifmbjs c bfsms catcs csfimcbfs c medu-efsuprjsfrjs. Ja trctcdmjetf bja tudfrpujbj `cijr rjkrjscr acs ajsmfejs, qujrjcpcrjije sm ac ejfpacsmc rjicj3=. Acsupjrvmvjeimc vmjej bjtjrdmecbc pfr acpctfafkc tudfrca suhycijetj.

J.9. \cqumbjrdfpjrmfstfsms

Ac pcqumbjrdfpjrmfstfsms, tcdhmeaacdcbc fstjfcrtrfpctc `mpjrtrnmicifesmstj je ue jekrfscdmjetf bj acpcrtj bmstca bj afs bjbfs, quj cbfptceac nfrdc bj pcamaafs bj tcdhfr ife ucsje vmbrmf bj rjafg, csfimcbfs c pfamcr-trcakmcs y pjrmfstfsms bj afs `ujsfs acr-kfs. Jxmstj uec rcrc nfrdc `jrjbmtcrmc,quj sj dcemnmjstc bjsbj ac puhjrtcb, yftrc nfrdc cbqumrmbc quj pujbj surkmr

ifdf ifesjiujeimc bj datmpajs prf-ijsfs icrbcifs f puadfecrjs quj prf-vfice `mpfxmc pjrmnrmic. Yme jdhcrkf,iucebf cpcrjij je vcrfejs dcyfrjs bj2< cfs bjhj sfspji`crsj smjdprj acprjsjeimc bj ue icrimefdc hrfeifk-emif suhycijetj8


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ac ejfpacsmc. Cbjds js ue mebmic-bfr bj dca prfestmif, yc quj je acdcyfrc bj afs icsfs puhamicbfs ja

pcimjetj ncaajij c afs pfifs djsjs.Afs tudfrjs ds nrjiujetjdjetj csf-imcbfs sfe afs icrimefdcs bj puade,ifafrrjitca, dcdc y rme. Rcdhme sj`c bjsirmtf je rjacime ife amenfdcs,ajuijdmcs, ieijr bj peirjcs, tjrf,fvcrmf, vjgmkc y scrifdc bj Jwmek,jetrj ftrfs83.

Ac pctfkjemc js bjsifefimbc. \crccakuefs cutfrjs sj bjhjrc c uec jebf-irmefpctc sjiuebcrmc c uec `frdfecjitpmic sjkrjkcbc pfr ja tudfr. \crcftrfs, sj bjhjrc c uec catjrcime cbrj-eca ife sjirjime bj uec sustceimc tmpftjstfstjrfec.

J.:. Yebrfdj bj Dumr-Rfrrj

Ja sebrfdj bj Dumr-Rfrrj (YDR),

ds quj ue iucbrf pcrcejfpasmif,js uec rcrc kjefbjrdctfsms bj `jrje-imc cutfsdmic bfdmecetj icrcitjrm-zcbc pfr ac ifjxmstjeimc bj ejfpacsmcssjhijcs, qujrctfcicetfdcs y tudfrjsdcamkefs vmsijrcajs. Afs cnjitfs bjasebrfdj sunrje dutcimfejs je afskjejs DY@-8 y DA@-3, jeicrkcbfs bjrjpcrcr jdpcrjgcdmjetfs jrrejfs bjaBEC. Iaemicdjetj pujbje prjsjetcr

cbjefdcs, jpmtjamfdcs f icrimefdcssjhijfs, quj cpcrjije cetjs, c ac vjzf bjspus bj ac ejfpacsmc metjrec. Afstudfrjs sjhijfs tmjeje jspjimca prj-bmajiime pfr ac ecrmz, afs prpcbfs yftrcs rjcs rmics je kaebuacs sjhijcs.Ef sfe bmckestmifs em acs `mpjrpac-smcs sjhijcs em ja ejvus sjhijf bjGcbcssf`e. Ja 8:% bj afs pcimjetjsbjscrrfaace cbjds qujrctfcicetfdcs.

Afs tudfrjs ds nrjiujetjdjetj csf-imcbfs sfe afs icrimefdcs bj ifafe yrjitf, cuequj tcdhme sj `ce bjsirmtf

ejfpacsmcs bja trcitf kemtfurmecrmf,bj dcdc, `jdctfakmics, bj ichjzc yiujaaf y bja metjstmef bjakcbf88.

Cuequj ac prjsjeimc bj tudfrjssjhijfs iutejfs csfimcbfs c uec`mstfrmc pjrsfeca f ncdmamcr bj ejf-pacsmc vmsijrca js duy sukjstmvc bjaYDR, ac ifenmrdcime bjnmemtmvc js acbjdfstrcime bj acs dutcimfejs je jaceamsms meduef`mstfqudmif bj uecdujstrc hmfpsmcbc89, je iuyf icsf sjrejijscrmf bjsicrtcr pjrmbmicdjetj accpcrmime bj tudfrjs vmsijrcajs.

Afs tudfrjs sjhijfs hjemkefspujbje trctcrsj ife imrukc, irmftjrcpmcf jajitrfifckuacime. Afs rjtmefmbjsfrcajs y ja metjrnjre canc pujbje sjrtmajs je ac prjvjeime bj ac cpcrmimebj eujvcs ejfpacsmcs sjhijcs.

J.>. Cdmafmbfsms pcrcejfpasmic

Ac cdmafmbfsms smstdmic prmdcrmcjs uec ifdpamicime quj sj bjscrrfaacje ja 9


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jekrfscdmjetf iutejf bmnusf82. Afsbjpsmtfs bj cdmafmbj je ac ajekuc prf-vfice dcirfkafsmc. Rcdhme pujbje

cnjitcrsj ja rme, ja ifrcze, ja kcbfy ja smstjdc ejrvmfsf.

Ja bmckestmif bj cdmafmbfsms jeja ifetjxtf bj ue pcimjetj ife dmj-afdc datmpaj sj hcsc je ja ceamsms`mstfakmif bj ac krcsc chbfdmecafhtjembc djbmcetj hmfpsmc f pueime-cspmrcime, uec hmfpsmc bj rjitf fbj cakuef bj afs rkcefs cnjitfs. Jsnuebcdjetca rjcamzcr ue bmckestmify trctcdmjetf prjifz, pcrc prjvjemrnuturcs bmsnueimfejs frkemics pfr jabjpsmtf bj ac sustceimc cdmafmbj.Ja prfestmif js kjejrcadjetj dcaf,ife uec supjrvmvjeimc djbmc bj 39djsjs.

HMHAMFKXCNC

3. XMKJA BY, GCIFHY DM. Dcamkecetcicet`fsms emkrmices7 c rjvmjw. GBjrdctfa Yurk Feifa. 3=0< Efv?>(33)7 =89-;.

8. OZXWXFIO X, IF@JE \X.Iutcejfus pcrcejfpacstmi syebrfdjsme sfamb tudfrs. Cd G Djb. 3==:Bji? ==(>)7 >>8-;3.

9. AZIOJX K\, YRJMGAJE \D.Cirfojrctfsms pcrcejfpacstmic (Hczjxsyebrfdj) fiiurrmek wmt` ciqumrjbmi`t`yfsms me @fbkomes bmsjcsj. Hr GBjrdctfa. 3==: Cuk? 399(8)7 988-:.

2. HF@D D, YI@MAAJX D, ECY@CEB, YRCBAJX X, AZKJX RC, DJRWJB. Bmnnusj djacefsms crmsmek nrfddjtcstctmi djacefdc7 pct`fkj-ejtmi nueitmfe fn jajvctjb djacef-

iytj pjptmbj krfwt` ncitfrs. G CdCicb Bjrdctfa. 8


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0. Rudfrjs bj ac rjkmfe sjacr;. Rudfrjs djtcsttmifs

Ac jstmrpj `mstfakmic vcrc sjkeac jbcb. Je afs cbuatfs prjbfdmeceafs kamfdcs 2:-:


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Ieijr y smstjdc ejrvmfsf. Rudfrjs ijrjhrcajs prmdmtmvfs y ifdpamicimfejs

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cqujaafs tudfrjs quj sfe mefpjrchajsf je rjcs irtmics, ifenmrdc ac jstmrpj`mstfakmic.

Ja trctcdmjetf meiauyj uecs djbm-bcs jspjinmics y ftrcs kjejrcajs. Bjetrfbj acs djbmbcs jspjinmics af mbjca jsifesjkumr ac bjscpcrmime ifdpajtc bjatudfr rjspjtcebf ja tjgmbf scef. Jstf sjmetjetc djbmcetj imrukc, quj sj bjhjmebmicr bj nfrdc mebmvmbucamzcbc pujsafs drkjejs jetrj hjejnmimfs y rmjskfssfe jstrji`fs. Ja trctcdmjetf jstebcrifesmstj je imrukc bj dxmdc rjsjiime

pfsmhaj y rcbmftjrcpmc ifdpajdjetcrmc,cbdmemstrcebf bfsms je tfref c >< Kyife nrciimfecdmjetf ifevjeimfeca je >sjdcecs. Ja fhgjtmvf bj ac qumdmftjrcpmccbyuvcetj, prmeimpcadjetj tjdfzfac-dmbc, iucebf sj ifdhmec ife ac imrukcy ac rcbmftjrcpmc, bjhj sjr cudjetcr acsupjrvmvjeimc y icambcb bj vmbc. Ac jbcbjs ja ncitfr ds mdpfrtcetj pcrc prjbjimrqu tmpf bj trctcdmjetf vc c rjimhmr ue

pcimjetj, yc quj ac jbcb cvcezcbc sjcsfimc ife uec djefr prfhchmambcb bjsfdjtjrsj c imrukc, rcbmftjrcpmc f cqumdmftjrcpmc.

Cakuecs iujstmfejs tjrcputmicskjejrcajs djrjije uec jspjimca ctje-ime je ac dcyfrc bj afs pcimjetjspfrquj pujbje menaumr bj dfbf smkemnm-ictmvf je ac icambcb bj vmbc y cyubcr crjbuimr ac dfrhmambcb.

Djbmbcs cetmjbjdc ijrjhrca7ac bjxcdjtcsfec js ja nr-dcif bj jajiime. Ac bfsms`chmtuca js bj 2-38 dk pfr vcfrca, sm ef `cy ejijsmbcb bjcbdmemstrcime m.v. pfr smtuc-ime irtmic. Yj bjhj dcetjejrac djefr bfsms jnmicz pfr acpfsmhmambcb bj prfvficr uec

dmfpctc ife su usf prfafe-kcbf. @cy quj vmkmacr tcdhmeac kauijdmc y RC.

\rftjitfrjs kstrmifs7 ef sj`c bjdfstrcbf ac csfimcimejetrj ifrtmifmbjs y aijrc pp-

tmic pjrf ac dcyfrc bj pcimje-tjs quj rjimhje bjxcdjtcsfecsfe trctcbfs pcrc rjbuimr jarmjskf bj aijrc kstrmic y`jdfrrckmc. Yj bjhjrc amdmtcrc pcimjetjs ife cetjijbje-tjs f ife rmjskf, ifdf afsquj sj `caace je ja pjrmfbfpfstfpjrctfrmf medjbmctf fafs quj rjimhje bfsms catcs bj

ifrtmifmbjs. Cetmjpmaptmifs7 Jetrj ja :-8


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Dmkuja C. Zrtcsue Firmz y Gfs Namx Dcrt Dcss

0>

Iumbcbfs pcamctmvfs je ac ncsjtjrdmeca7 ef smjdprj js nima prj-imscr iua js ja djgfr dfdjetf

pcrc chfrbcr jstc iujstme, pjrfafs iumbcbfs je ac ncsj tjrdmecasfe tce mdpfrtcetjs ifdf ja trc-tcdmjetf jerkmif je acs ncsjsmemimcajs bj ac jenjrdjbcb.

IFD\AMICIMFEJYEJZXFAKMICY BJA IEIJX

Bjhjdfs prjstcr jspjimca ctje-ime c acs ifdpamicimfejs ejurfakmicsbja ieijr pfr vcrmcs j mdpfrtcetjsrczfejs7

3. Yfe nrjiujetjs. Cprfxmdc-bcdjetj ja 82% bj afs pcimje-tjs ife ieijr vce c prjsjetcrdjtstcsms. Ze jstubmf bj \fsejry I`jremo (Djdfrmca Yafce

Ojttjrmek Iceijr) bj ajsmfejsijrjhrcajs je 3=%,ajsmfejs vcsiuacrjs je ja 0% yje ja 2% menjiimfejs bja YEI.

8. Cudjetce prfkrjsmvcdjetj.^crmcs rczfejs sj `ce prf-pujstf7 (3) ue metjrs irjimjetjje ja bmckestmif y trctcdmjetfy uec dcyfr bmspfemhmambcbbj RCI y XED quj ifebmimf-ece uec dcyfr jxcitmtub bmck-estmic, (8) afs pcimjetjs ifeieijr sfhrjvmvje ds tmjdpfncvfrjimebfsj ac bmsjdmecimec tfbfs afs rkcefs meiauyjebfja YEI y ac cpcrmime bj jnjitfssjiuebcrmfs bja trctcdmjetf.

9. Yfe krcvjs y pujbje catjrcrac icambcb bj vmbc bj nfrdcmdpfrtcetj.

2. Ja bmckestmif c vjijs js bmnima.

:. Ja trctcdmjetf cbjiucbf camvmcafs setfdcs y ifetrmhuyj efsfacdjetj c prfafekcr ac vmbcsmef tcdhme su icambcb.

>. @cy cspjitfs emifs rjac-imfecbfs ife ac cectfdc ynmsmfafkc bja smstjdc ejrvmfsf7ja ijrjhrf y ac dbuac jstejeijrrcbfs je ue jstui`j sjf,pfr af quj pjqujcs ajsmfejspujbje bcr krcebjs setfdcs?

ac hcrrjrc `jdctfjeijnamicbmnmiuatc ja pcsf bj cakuefsqumdmftjrpmifs y su rupturcicusc jbjdc ijrjhrca y ja YEIajsmfecbf ef pfsjj icpcimbcbpcrc uec rjkjejrcime iaemicsmkemnmictmvc pfr af quj ieij-rjs fiuatfs pujbje bjstrumr jatjgmbf ejrvmfsf c bmstceimc smeifetcitf bmrjitf.

IACYMNMICIME BJ ACY IFD\AM-ICIMFEJY EJZXFAKMICY BJAIEIJX7

Ja prmdjr pcsf je su jstubmf jsiacsmnmicracs bj ciujrbf c ac nfrdc jequj ja ieijr pujbj cnjitcr ca smstjdcejrvmfsf7

C. Djtcstsmics

3. Ircejfjeijnamics Ircejcajs Je burcdcbrj Metrcijrjhrcajs

8. Jspmecajs

9. Ajptfdjeekjcs

2. Je ejrvmfs, pajxfs y rcijs:. Je dsiuaf (duy rcrf)


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H. Ef djtcstsmics

3. Jeijncafpctcs djtchamics

8. Menjiimfejs bja YEI9. Mitus

2. Jnjitfs sjiuebcrmfs bja trctcdmjetf Sumdmftjrcpmc Xcbmftjrcpmc Imrukc y ftrfs prfijbmdmjetfs

tjrcputmifs f bmckestmifs

:. Yebrfdjs pcrcejfpasmifs

C. Ifdpamicimfejs Djtcstsmics

3. Djtstcsms ircejfjeijnamics

Yfe ac nfrdc ds ifde bj ejf-pacsmc dcamkec ijrjhrca, supjrcebf cafs tudfrjs ijrjhrcajs prmdcrmfs je ueebmij bj icsm 3


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rjifefimdmjetf bj bmi`c jetmbcb ifeds nrjiujeimc. Ac ifdprjsme djbu-acr pfr djtstcsms, cpcrjij je ja :% bj

tfbcs acs ejfpacsmcs. Ja frmkje bj afstudfrjs prmdmtmvfs quj ds nrjiuje-tjdjetj prjsjetce jstc ifdpamicimesfe afs bj puade, dcdc, prstctc,amenfdc ef `fbkomemcef, dmjafdc da-tmpaj, icrimefdc rjeca y icrimefdcifafrrjitca.

Ja setfdc prmeimpca js ja bfafrafica vjrtjhrca quj sj pujbj cifd-pccr bj ue bfafr rcbmiuacr. Bjspuscpcrjij ja bnmimt dftfr ife pcrcpcrj-smc prfkrjsmvc, trcstfref sjesmtmvf ifeemvja djbuacr y catjrcime jsnmetjrmcec.\crc ja bmckestmif ac tiemic bj jaji-ime js ac XD, cprjimebfsj tcetfacs mdkjejs bj ifdprjsme jpmburcaifdf acs metrcdjbuacrjs.

Js ejijscrmf ue mekrjsf `fspmtc-acrmf urkjetj pcrc ja trctcdmjetf bja

jenjrdf. Ac djbmbc memimca js ja usfbj bjxcdjtcsfec pfr vc j.v. bje-trf bj ue rcekf bj 3> c 3


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Acs ds nrjiujetjs sfe ac pajxfpctcsifdprjsmvcs f menmatrctmvcs.

\ajxfpctc hrcqumca7 Ja pajxf menj-rmfr js ja ds nrjiujetjdjetj cnji-tcbf pfr tudfrjs bj dcdc f puade(tudfr bj \ceifcst). Yj dcemnmjstcife bfafr pjrm`udjrca metjesf, ifes-tcetj y rjhjabj, cpcrjimjebf bjspusac bjhmambcb y ja trcstfref sjesmtmvfje bjrdctfdc I0-B3. \ujbj `chjrue sebrfdj bj @frejr mpsmactjrcacsfimcbf.

\ajxfpctc audhfscirc7 js dsifde je icsf bj tudfrjs metjstm-ecajs f urfkjemtcajs bjhmbf c uecmevcsme bmrjitc. Ca mkuca quj je japajxf hrcqumca js ds nrjiujetj accnjitcime bja pajxf audhfscirf menj-rmfr y af icrcitjrstmif js ue bfafrmetjesf ca memimf bja iucbrf, cpcrj-imjebf pfstjrmfrdjetj acs catjrcimfejssjesmtmvf-dftfrcs.

Afs ejrvmfs ircejcajs sj pujbjecnjitcr pfr ifdprjsme f mevcsme bjtudfrjs quj irjije ijric bj ac hcsjbj irejf f pfr djtstcsms c bmstceimcprfijbjetjs bj tudfrjs bj dcdc, pua-de f prstctc.

Ac mevcsme tudfrca bj afs ejrvmfspjrmnrmifsjs dui`f djefs nrjiujetj

quj ac ejurfpctc bjhmbc c qumdmftj-rcpmc. Yj amdmtc ca jpmejurf, qujbcebfafs `cijs ejrvmfsfs jeijrrcbfs je uetjgmbf bjesf. Je ac ejurfpctc dje-tfemcec js tpmif eftcr `frdmkujf jedmtcb bja djete pfr menmatrcime bj acrcdc djetfemcec bja trmkdmef, kjej-rcadjetj pfr djtstcsms bj dcdc yprstctc. Ja trctcdmjetf meiauyj rcbmf-tjrcpmc bj ac dcsc tudfrca y qumdmftj-

rcpmc. Ja fhgjtmvf js ja ifetrfa bja bfafry ac djgfrc bja bnmimt.

H. Ifdpamicimfejs Ef Djtcstsmics

3. Jeijncafpctcs djtchamics

Yj bjnmeje ifdf uec catjrcime bjac nueime djtchamic ijrjhrca sjiue-bcrmc c ncitfrjs jxtrcijrjhrcajs. Acsmetfdctfafkc efrdcadjetj sj ifrrjs-pfebj ife ue iucbrf ifenusmfecackubf y ficsmfecadjetj ife setfdcsnficajs ifdf uec ctcxmc.

Acs icuscs sfe datmpajs, meiau-yebfsj7

Bjprmvcime bj sustrctfs jsje-imcajs7 `mpfkauijdmc, `mpfxmc,msqujdmc.

Ncaaf bj rkcefs vmtcajs7 `mpjr-icpemc, jeijncafpctc jptmic,urjdmc.

Catjrcimfejs jajitrfatmics7`mpjr j `mpficaijdmc, `mpjrj `mpfectrjdmc, `mpfdckejsj-

dmc, `mpfnfsnfrjdmc. Catjrcimfejs jebfirmecs

pfr prfbuiime jitpmic bj`frdfecs.

Yfhrjbfsms f suprjsme bjnrdcifs7 fpmfmbjs, hjezf-bmcijpmecs, cetmjpmaptmifs,ifrtmifmbjs, cetmifamerkmifs.

Bjnmimjeimc bj vmtcdmecs7 H3,

H38, emcimec.

8. Menjiimfejs

Js uec ifdpamicime pfif nrj-iujetj pfr ja usf prjifz bja trctcdmjetfcetmhmtmif iucebf jxmstj uec menjiimesmstdmic, pjrf js ds nrjiujetj quj jeac pfhacime kjejrca. Afs setfdcs ds`chmtucajs sfe ijncajc, nmjhrj, iucbrf

ifenusmfeca, ifevuasmfejs y djefs nrj-iujetjdjetj rmkmbjz bj euic f smkefs


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Rchac 3

Iacsmnmicime bj afs trcstfrefs ejurfakmifs pcrcejfpasmifs

Cetmiujrpf Yebrfdj Rudfr csfimcbf

Cetm-]f Bjkjejrcime ijrjhjafsc Dcdc y fvcrmf

Cetm-@u Ejurfpctc sjesmtmvc,jeijncafdmjamtms, bjkjejrcimeijrjhjafsc, jeijncamtms adhmic

Rudfr bj puade bj iauacpjqujc, dcdc, fvcrmf,prstctc, ejurfhacstfdc

Cetm-I^8 Jeijncafdmjamtms, bjkjejrcimeijrjhjafsc, jeijncamtms adhmic,ejurfpctc sjesmtmvc, ifrjc

Rudfr bj puade bj iauacpjqujc, tmdfdc

Cetm-Xm Jeijncamtms bj trfeif ijrjhrca,ctcxmc ife f sme fpsfiafeus-dmfiafeus

Rudfr bj puade bj iauacpjqujc, dcdc, kmejifakmify vjgmkc

CEEC-9 Ejurfpctc sjesmtmvc,jeijncafdmjamtms

Rudfr bj puade bj iauacpjqujc

Cetm-Dc3 Jeijncamtms bj trfeif ijrjhrca,bjkjejrcime ijrjhjafsc

\uade y ftrfs

Cetm-Dc8 (Rc) Bjkjejrcime ijrjhjafsc,jeijncamtms adhmic y bj trfeifijrjhrca

Rjstmiuacr y puade

Cetm-Rr Bjkjejrcime ijrjhjafsc Amenfdc bj @fbkome

Cetm-rjtmec Xjtmefpctc Rudfr bj puade bj iauacpjqujc, djacefdc,kmejifakmif

Cetm-icecajsbj icaimf

Yebrfdj bj Acdhjrt-Jctfe,bjkjejrcime ijrjhjafsc

Rudfr bj puade bj iauacpjqujc

Cetm-KCB Yebrfdj bj pjrsfec rkmbc Dcdc, bmchjtjs bjpjebmjetjbj mesuamec y ftrcsjenjrdjbcbjs cutfmeduejs

Kau 9 Jeijncamtms bj Xcsdussje Rmdfdc c vjijs

Cetm-icecajsbj pftcsmf

Yebrfdj bj Dfrvce Rudfr bj puade bj iauacpjqujc, tmdfdc

Cetm-cenmnmsmec Yebrfdj bj pjrsfec rkmbc,

jeijncafdmjamtms

Rudfr bj puade bj iauac

pjqujc, dcdc


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XJNAJPMFEJY NMECAJY

Ac dcyfrc bj afs jenjrdfs ife

ijncajc ef tmjej ue tudfr ijrjhrca,pjrf ac dcyfrc bj jenjrdfs ifeue tudfr ijrjhrca tmjej ijncajc,cuequj js rcrf quj stc sjc jadftmvf bj ifesuatc.

Acs ifdpamicimfejs ejurfakmicsbja ieijr smstdmif sfe nrjiuje-tjs, catjrce ac icambcb bj vmbc ycakuecs pujbje sjr trctcbcs.

Acs ifdpamicimfejs djtcstsm-ics sfe ds nrjiujetjs quj acspcrcejfpasmics.

Ymjdprj quj ue jenjrdf ife ie-ijr tjekc bfafr f ue setfdc eju-rfakmif `cy quj pjescr je prmdjraukcr je uec djtstcsms.

Js ue jrrfr irjjr quj je ja jenjrdfife ieijr ef mdpfrtc ac icambcb

bj vmbc.

HMHAMFKXCNC

G.N. DCXRM DCYY. Ejurfafkc pritmic

kjejrca. Ycebfz \`crdc Y.C.J. 3==8KZRMXXJW DCXRME N, NJXEEBJW

CXIFECBC F, KCXIC RZFEA, RXJGF KCHXMJA ] KCAE G.D.Rudfrjs prmdcrmfs bja smstjdc ejr-vmfsf. Dceuca bja Xjsmbjetj bjEjurfafkc. Iffrbmecbfrjs GfsjD Krcu ^jimcec, Cetfemf JsicrtmeYmqumjr. 8


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]facebc mai`js Ckumrrj

IEIJX BJ \ZADE.\XJ^JEIME, BMCKEYRMIF

] RXCRCDMJERF


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Ieijr bj puade. \rjvjeime, bmckestmif y trctcdmjetf

=;

3. MERXFBZIIME

Ja ieijr bj puade js ac ejfpacsmc

dcamkec ds nrjiujetj je eujstrf djbmf.Ac meimbjeimc bj jstj tudfr, c bmnjrjeimcbj ftrcs ejfpacsmcs, smkuj cudjetcebfje afs pcsjs bjscrrfaacbfs, sfhrj tfbfje ac dugjr, rjprjsjetcebf citucadjetjac prmeimpca icusc bj dujrtj pfr ieijrje cdhfs sjxfs je Jstcbfs Zembfs3.

Bjsbj ja puetf bj vmstc bja dcejgfbmckestmif y tjrcputmif, ja ieijr bjpuade sj bmvmbj je ieijr dmirfi-tmif bj puade f bj iauacs pjqujcs(ID\) y ieijr ef dmirfitmif bj pua-de (IED\). Yfe bfs jetmbcbjs ifebmstmetf ifdpfrtcdmjetf hmfakmif ydcejgf iaemif. Ja IED\ ifestmtuyjcprfxmdcbcdjetj ja ;:-0


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]facebc ^mai`js Ckumrrj

=0

Ja rmjskf bj ieijr bj puade je afsnudcbfrjs pcsmvfs sj `c ifenmrdcbfpfr bmstmetfs jstubmfs jpmbjdmfakmifs.

Jxpfsmime prfnjsmfeca7 Bmstmetcssustceimcs quj sj utmamzce je ac mebustrmcpujbje pftjeimcr ja jnjitf icrimekjefbja tchcif, ifdf ja cshjstf, crsemif,vmemaf, nfrdcabj`bf y rcbe.

Bnmimts eutrmimfecajs7 Js prfhchajquj ja bnmimt eutrmimfeca bj ckjetjscetmfxmbcetjs, ifdf afs icrftjefmbjs,vmtcdmecs I, J y sjajemf, cudjetce ac

tfxmimbcb bj afs rcbmicajs amhrjs prfbu-imbfs pfr ja tchcif y ac ifetcdmecimecdhmjetca.

Yusijptmhmambcb kjetmic7 Ja `ji`fbj quj dui`fs nudcbfrjs ef bjscrrf-aaje ieijr bj puade sukmjrj quj sfeejijscrmcs uec prjbmspfsmime kjetmicy ac csfimcime bj ifncitfrjs icrime-kjefs cbmimfecajs.

9. BJRJIIME \XJIFW

Citucadjetj ef jst cijptcbc accpamicime bj ue dtfbf bj sirjjemekje ac bjtjiime prjifz bja ieijr bjpuade. Yaf ja >% bj afs pcimjetjsife ieijr bj puade jste csmetf-dtmifs je ja dfdjetf bja bmckes-tmif. Ac imtfafkc bj jsputf ef cpfrtchjejnmimfs sfhrj ac rcbmfkrcnc bj trcxifdf emic prujhc bj sjkumdmjetf.

2. DCEMNJYRCIMFEJYIAEMICY

Acs dcemnjstcimfejs iaemics bjaieijr bj puade bjpjebje bj ac

aficamzcime bja tudfr prmdcrmf, bj accnjitcime afifrrjkmfeca y bja aukcr bjac bmsjdmecime djtcstsmic8

2.3. CNJIRCIME AFIFXXJKMFECA

Ac tfspjrsmstjetj, uef bj afs setf-dcs ds nrjiujetjs, sj vj je ue ;


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Ac `jdfptmsms cpcrjij je ja 8:%bj afs icsfs, j memimcadjetj ef sujajsjr bj krce iucetc. Iucebf ja tudfr

prfkrjsc pujbj pcscr c sjr ds nrj-iujetj y chuebcetj.

Ac cpcrmime bj rfequjrc y vfzhmtfeca js ds nrjiujetj je ja ID\,pjrf tcdhme pujbj cpcrjijr je jaIED\ pfr pcramsms bja ejrvmf rjiu-rrjetj acrekjf pfr ifdprjsme kce-kamfecr djbmcstemic.

Ja sebrfdj bj ac vjec icvc supj-

rmfr sj prfbuij pfr ac ifdprjsmekcekamfecr djbmcstemic, ds quj pfrac menmatrcime bja tudfr prmdcrmf.Je ficsmfejs pujbj fhsjrvcrsj je acrx bj trcx jajvcime bja `jdmbmc-nrckdc, sjiuebcrmc c menmatrcime bjaejrvmf nremif. Ja ID\ js ac icuscds ifde bj sebrfdj bj vjec icvcsupjrmfr.

Ac icvmbcb pajurca sj cnjitc jeja 30% bj afs icsfs ca bmckestmif,cuequj c af acrkf bj ac jenjrdjbcbpujbj cnjitcrsj je ja >


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3djsjs y uec supjrvmvjeimc ca cf bja2%3,3;.@cy bmvjrsfs jstubmfs je afs quj sjbjdujstrc quj ac qumdmftjrcpmc bjdcetjemdmjetf cudjetc ac tfxmimbcby ef djgfrc ac supjrvmvjeimc. Ifetrctcdmjetf bj qumdmf-rcbmftjrcpmc sjifesmkuje ue 0


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3. NCIRFXJY \XFEYRMIFY

@cy bmstmetfs ncitfrjs prfestmifsquj menauyje ef saf je ac rjspujstc cac qumdmftjrcpmc, smef quj tcdhme tmj-eje mdpamicimfejs je ac supjrvmvjeimcy je ja trctcdmjetf smetfdtmif8.3. NCIRFXJY \XFEYRMIFY BJ-\JEBMJERJY BJA @ZY\JB7

>.3.3. Jstcbf kjejrca

Js ja ncitfr prfestmif bjpje-bmjetj bja pcimjetj ds mdpfrtcetjy js smkemnmictmvf je icsm tfbfs afsjstubmfs iaemifs puhamicbfs83-89. Acsjsicacs quj dmbje ja jstcbf kjej-rca ifdf ac bj Ocrefnsoy y ac bjaJurfpjce Iffpjrctmvj FeifafkyKrfup (JIFK) y ac jstmdcime bj acsupjrvmvjeimc bjdujstrce idf stcbmsdmeuyj c djbmbc quj jdpjfrc ja

jstcbf kjejrca82

. Cbjds, ja jstcbfkjejrca js bjtjrdmecetj c ac `frc bjmemimcr ue trctcdmjetf ife qumdmftj-rcpmc, yc quj menauyj je acs pfsmhmam-bcbjs bj rjspujstc ca dmsdf. Iucebfja jstcbf kjejrca js dcaf (JIFK9-2) ac tcsc bj rjspujstc bjsimjebjicsm c ijrf, af iuca ifetrcmebmic acqumdmftjrcpmc. Yjre pcimjetjs qujemicdjetj pujbje hjejnmimcrsj bja

trctcdmjetf pcamctmvf smetfdtmif. Acifdfrhmambcb tcdhme js ue ncitfrprfestmif ejkctmvf.

>.3.8. Ymetfdctfafkc

Ac prjsjeimc bj smetfdctfafkc je jadfdjetf bja bmckestmif sj `c rjacimf-ecbf ife pjfr prfestmif, mebjpjebmje-tjdjetj bja jstcbf kjejrca. Ja setfdcquj ds menauyj js ac prbmbc bj pjsf.

>.3.9. Jbcb

Ze 9< c 2:-;< cfs vmvjedjefs quj afs gvjejs, prfhchajdjetjpfr ac ifdfrhmambcb csfimcbc y pjfrtfajrceimc c ac qumdmftjrcpmc8.

>.8. NCIRFXJY \XFEYRMIFY BJ-\JEBMJERJY BJA RZDFX7

>.8.3. Jxtjesme bj ac jenjrdjbcb

Ac jxtjesme bj ac jenjrdjbcb jsja ncitfr prfestmif ds mdpfrtcetjy djgfr jstubmcbf je ja IED\. Je ac

jenjrdjbcb aficadjetj cvcezcbc accnjitcime kcekamfecr djbmcstemic yja bjrrcdj pajurca, ce iucebf sjc bjjsicsc iucetc y ef sj bjdujstrj sujtmfafkc ejfpasmic, sfe ncitfrjs bjdca prfestmif. Acs djtstcsms sjcssj csfimce c uec djefr supjrvmvjeimc(djbmcec bj >,: djsjs nrjetj c 3


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3.8.8. @mstfafkc

\crjij quj ja icrimefdc bj iau-acs krcebjs sfhrj tfbf y ja cbjeficr-imefdc tmjeje ue pjfr prfestmif qujja icrimefdc jpmbjrdfmbj, pfr uec

dcyfr tjebjeimc c ac rjicbc8.8.9. Ncitfrjs cecatmifs

Ac `mpjricaijdmc, ac jajvcime bjAB@ y ac `mpfcahudmejdmc pujbje sjrbctfs cecatmifs bj dca prfestmif8


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ja djs. \ujbje cbdmemstrcrsj bmstmetcssustceimcs jsiajrfscetjs ifdf hajfdm-imec, tjtrcimiamec, tcaif jti92-9>.

;.3.2. Yebrfdj bj vjec icvc supjrmfr(Y^IY)

Ac dcyfrc bj icsfs bj Y^IY sjprfbuije pfr ieijr bj puade (;:-0


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3 bj afs 0 pcimjetjs sj fhtuvf cam-vmf bj ac bmsejc. Yme jdhcrkf ac pIF8cudjet burcetj ac menusme je : bj ;

pcimjetjs y ; bj afs 0 pcimjetjs ncaaj-imjrfe dmjetrcs rjimhce ac menusme.Jstc bmnjrjeimc bj rjsuatcbfs, nrjetj cafs bj Hrujrc, pujbj bjhjrsj c qujje ac sjrmj bj If`je afs pcimjetjs efjstchce prjvmcdjetj ife fpmfmbjs, acdfrnmec sj cbdmemstr bj nfrdc ifetm-euc y pfr vc M^. Js prfhchaj quj afspcimjetjs quj ef `uhmjrce bjscrrf-aacbf tfajrceimc c afs jnjitfs bjprj-sfrjs bj ac dfrnmec. @cy ue jstubmfrcebfdmzcbf, bfhaj imjkf ife pacijhfifetrfa rjcamzcbf ife dfrnmec frca bjamhjrcime rjtcrbcbc, quj cuequj tmjejcakuecs amdmtcimfejs, dujstrc djgfrcbj ; c 3< puetfs je ac J^C pcrc bms-ejc y djgfrc je ja sujf. Afs jnjitfssjiuebcrmfs nujrfe demdfs, y ef sjprfbugf bjprjsme rjspmrctfrmc, smjebfja jstrjmdmjetf ja jnjitf sjiuebcrmfds nrjiujetj::,:>.

Ifdf efrdc kjejrca sfe

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MANEJO DEL CÁNCER EN ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA