Materiales Calidad Actuales

“ A wealth of architectural discoveries awaits us as new materials are developed and employed. Dynamic constructions, intelligent façades, and designed surfaces are just a few features of tomorrow’s buildings.” Kasper Guldager JørgensenArchitectHead of GXN/3XN

“ A wealth of architectural discoveries awaits us as new materials are developed and employed. Dynamic constructions, intelligent façades, and designed surfaces are just a few features of tomorrow’s buildings.” Kasper Guldager JørgensenArchitectHead of GXN/3XN

, Director GXN, Partner 3XN

www.3xn.com

BendywoodBendable wood

This material is a solid hardwood that can be bent in ways that seems impossible. In the process of the making blanks of hardwood are steamed to soften the cell walls, then, still damp, they are compressed along their length for about 20 % and finally dried in this compressed form. This allows the wood to be bent as much as to a radius of 10 times its thickness. Thin sections are bendable by hand, larger with the help of tools – far easier and faster than conventional wood-bending techniques.

Examples Of UseInterior decoration, furniture, hand rails.

Similar Materials01, 14, 44, 50, 51, 68, 84

Material DataBendywood blanks max size: 120 x 120 x 2,200 mm (beech), 120 x 120 x 1,650 mm (ash, cherry, maple, oak and walnut).

ManufacturerBendywood, www.bendywood.info

00Smart Materials00 –19

BolefloorNaturally curved plank flooring

Bolefloor is the world’s first commercially manufactured hardwood flooring with naturally curved lengths that follow. Through a complex process combining wood scanning systems, tailor made digital developments and innovative placement algorithms, Bolefloor produces unique wooden surfaces with a natural feel, while utilising a far greater percentage of the raw material than conventional wooden floor-boards.

Examples Of UsePrimarily floors, but also walls and ceilings.


Material DataBolefloor floorboards run to 3,000 mm in length with widths of 150–300 mm; special orders up to 6,000 mm in length.

ManufacturerBolefloor, www.bolefloor.com


DuPont Energain Heat responsive thermal mass panels

Phase Change Materials (PCMs), such as water, paraffin, salt hydrates etc. are able to absorb, store and release large amounts of thermal energy at comparatively small changes in temperature by changing their physical state. The DuPont Energain panel is an aluminium sandwich composite whose core material is a mix of copolymer and paraffin wax. At temperatures below 18°C, the wax remains solid, but at 22°C the wax melts, absorbing heat. Upon cooling to 18°C, the paraffin wax re-solidifies, releasing heat.

Examples Of UsePCMs with heat dynamic thermal mass can help reduce heating consumption by up to 15% or air conditioning costs by up to 35%.

Similar Materials05, 15, 40

Material DataCan Panel measurements: 5 x 1,000 x 1,200 mm; 4.5 kg/m²; Heat storage capacity: 515 KJ/m² at 18–24°C

ManufacturerDuPont, www.energain.co.uk


Hydrotect Self-cleaning and air-purifying tiles

The material is made active by applying a layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2) during the glazing and before the firing of the tile. This results in permanent self-cleaning and air-purifying properties. An air- purifying effect called photocatalysis that is activated by sunlight (UV radiation) breaks down microorganisms and other organic compounds. The self-cleaning effect is due to hydrophilic behaviour causing water to spread out in a thin, even layer sticking close to the surface as it flows down and washing away dirt easily.

Examples Of UsePools, hospitals and kitchens where hygiene is particularly important; facades and public buildings in general to minimise cleaning expenses.

Similar Materials13, 18, 45, 55, 56, 64, 70, 89, 90, 93

Material DataA 100 m² Hydrotect-tiled area cleans the air as efficiently as 7 medium-sized deciduous trees.

ManufacturerDeutche Steinzeug, www.buchtal.dk


LuminosoPhotoluminescent signage

The properties of this material are better known as glow-in-the-dark. By integrating photoluminescent particles in floors, lights, or facade elements, a discreet emergency signage can be made. The material consists of strontium aluminate (SrAl), which acts as a fairly persistent phosphor. It accumulates light energy under ordinary (day-) light conditions and it slowly releases it over a few minutes or hours in the dark – a process both reliable and maintenance free.

Examples Of UseLighting and signage on periodically lighted floors, walls, ceilings and facades.


Material DataComplies with DIN 67510 – at least 20 millicandela/m² after an hour.

ManufacturerS. Lövenstein BV, www.hiddensafety.eu


RubithermLatent heat storage materials

Rubitherm works with phase changing materials (PCMs) as passive heat storage in building systems and markets a range of these materials. By adding a cross-linking additive to paraffin wax and incorporating it in a secondary, supporting microporous solid, the wax is contained even in its liquid form thanks to the combined strengths of the cross-linking additive and the capillary forces, allowing Rubitherm to remain solid on a macroscopic scale.

Examples Of UseIncreased, effective and temperature specific thermal mass properties.


Material DataRubitherm PCM’s are available as raw materials with melting points from -4 to 100°C or integrated into a microporous solid with a heat storage capacity from 50 to 190 KJ/kg.

ManufacturerRubitherm, www.rubitherm.com


Monocoque Structural composite skin

This material promotes differentiation of material properties. This is expressed in the construction technique that incorporates load-bearing elements and external skin. Rather than separating structural frameworks and non-bearing skin elements, the Monocoque project promotes heterogeneity. The load is distributed between vein-like elements built into the skin, the size and shape of which are determined through Voronoi calculations. 3D printing is utilised to create the specified mechanical properties.

Examples Of UseStructural optimization for free-form structures.

Similar Materials09

Material DataPrototype / research project

ManufacturerNeri Oxman, www.materialecology.com


VectogrammRelief imaging on building materials

The Vectogramm process features a new computer-based method for transferring image data onto sheet materials (concretes, MDF, plastics) by means of milling technology. An image template is scanned and converted into 256 grayscale, then milled into the material as a 2D relief by a CNC milling machine. When viewed from a distance, the image will be visible, but when seen up close it will appear simply as texture.

Examples Of UseAny kind of flat wall or façade elements requiring graphical expression.

Similar Materials01, 14, 16, 25

Material DataMaximum sheet dimensions are limited to 4,900 x 2,000 mm.

ManufacturerP&P GmbH, www.vectogramm.de


Light Tape Electroluminescent strips

Versatile and energy efficient, Light Tape is a lighting system that may be bent around any surface for hundreds of meters at a fraction of the power cost of traditional light bulbs. Electroluminescence relies on electrical excitation of light emitting phosphors, similar to how plasma televisions are backlit. In Light Tape products, the phosphor crystals are located between two electrically conductive strips, at least one of which consists of a light-transmitting, conductive material.

Examples Of UseInterior or exterior lighting effects – communication, design and interior design.

Similar Materials11, 17

Material DataThickness: 1 mm; Energy consumption: 70 W/m²; weight: 1.2 kg/m².

ManufacturerLight Tape, www.lighttape.com


TailorCreteDigitally crafted concrete formwork

Seeking to overcome the limitations of conventional concrete elements and the expensive formwork of unique structures, TailorCrete applies new digital design tools, on-site and off-site robotics, and automated formwork and reinforcement systems to bring concrete technology up-to-date with the potentials of contemporary architecture. TailorCrete is the full-scale continuation of a research project successfully combining robotics-cut polystyrene formwork with self-compacting concrete.

Examples Of UseComplex, curved architectural designs and optimally shaped structural elements.

Similar Materials06, 16, 24, 49, 55, 61, 83, 92, 98

Material DataTailorCrete originated as a collaboration between the Danish Technological Institute, ETH Zürich and other industrial partners.

ManufacturerDanish Technological Institute, www.tailorcrete.com


Philips Luminous Textile with Kvadrat Soft Cells

Luminous textile panels come in standard and customized sizes that can be mounted on walls and ceilings in a variety of ways. Each panel is built up of LED modules consisting of multi-colour LEDs with a 60 mm pitch fixed on acoustic foam. Philips markets luminous textile panels as easy-fit system to enhance interiors with light, texture and dynamic content. The panels are finished with Kvadrat textiles and use Kvadrat Soft Cells’ expertise in controlling sound absorption.

Examples Of UseLight and sound ambience for foyers, auditoriums, theaters etc.

Similar Materials04, 11, 13, 17, 21, 22, 27, 29, 47, 57, 58, 62, 70, 76

Material DataPanel thickness: 130 mm; measurements: 1,200 x 720 mm to 1,200 x 6,480 mm; weight: 15-67 kg; power usage: 60 W-450 W.

ManufacturerPhilips, www.lighting-philips.com, Soft Cells, www.softcells.com


SunTec Transparent film with LEDs

This material is a polyester-based, transparent and electroconductive film that transmits electricity to light-emitting diodes or other electronic elements on the film through transparent circuits. The thin, flexible sheet may be laminated between glass sheets or added to moulded polymers and then simply be connected to a power source.

Examples Of UseWindow-integrated lighting and lighting where a minimum of space is available.

Similar Materials04, 08, 12, 17, 19

Material DataVoltage: 12 to 48 volts DC; consumption: 0.055 Watts per LED; thickness: 0,85 mm; size: 3,500 x 1,250 mm.

ManufacturerSunTec, www.sun-tec.ch


VoltarluxSemi transparent solar cells

With a thin layer of power generating solar film based on amorphous silicon, Voltarlux glass lowers light influx while producing electric current. Suitable for larger glazed areas at any angle, the power generating cells continue to produce even if it is overcast or partly cloudy. Each solar energy module consists of solar cells and glass laminated in a process similar to the production of laminated safety glass, and can be either opaque or semi-transparent.

Examples Of UseGlazing requiring shading and self-sustaining houses.


Material DataConventional glass module sizes, delivered as single pane or as insulating glass.

ManufacturerIsolar Glas, www.isolar.de


Gyptone Activ’ Air Air–cleaning acoustical ceilings

A gypsum ceiling tile system that combines clean design and improved indoor air quality with indoor acoustics. Produced from all-natural materials, the tiles are fully recyclable and contain no harmful substances. Gyptone acoustical ceilings can enhance the output of the ceiling by breaking down harmful formaldehydes in a room into harmless chemical compounds. Used ceilings are collected and reused in the process of making new gypsum products. Up to 80 % of Gyptone’s raw materials are recycled content.

Examples Of UseAcoustical ceilings for public buildings.


Material DataSustainably produced, fully recyclable, durable and non-toxic. The basic module size is 600 x 600 mm with a thickness of 12.5 mm.

ManufacturerGyproc Saint-Gobain, www.gyproc.dk


DuktaFlexible wood

Inspired by the inherent pliability of thin strips of wood, Dukta turns thick planks into flexible, pliant sheets. A precise grid of incisions cut from alternate sides of the block allows Dukta wood to bend easily at every cut, thus providing great flexibility both lengthwise and crosswise. Although strength is reduced proportionally to the depth of the incisions, the result is a highly functional, flexible and pliant material, achieved by simple mechanical manipulation of natural wood.

Examples Of UseAcoustic panels, interior design, furniture and other objects.


Material DataDifferent cutting options expand the scope of possible applications, and the simple method is suitable for a range of wood products, such as plywood, fibreboard and solid wood.

ManufacturerDukta, www.dukta.com


Micronal Smart Board Active temperature regulation

These plaster boards include 3 kg/m² of heat-storing material in the shape of microcapsules containing a phase changing material (PCM). When heated to a certain point, the PCM will melt, absorbing thermal energy without any increase in temperature, while the reverse process releases the stored energy as heat, maintaining a pleasant room temperature. The heat storage capacity of a 15 mm PCM Smart Board is equivalent to that of a 90 mm concrete wall or a 120 mm brick wall.

Examples Of UseReducing shifts in indoor temperature between day and night and reducing the need for air conditioning and heating.


Material DataTwo types available with ‘switching points’ temperatures at 23°C and 26°C; thickness: 15 mm; length: 2,000 mm; width: 1,250 mm.

ManufacturerBASF, www.micronal.de


Graphic Concrete Patterned concrete surfaces

Graphic Concrete is a product that allows graphic layouts on all kinds of concrete. A surface retarder is applied to a membrane that slows the setting (hardening) of the concrete to the desired depth in specific areas. The unset parts of the surface are usually washed away from the cast the next day, revealing the aggregate contained in the concrete. The washed surface stands out from the surrounding unwashed concrete due to its roughness and the contrasting colour of the exposed aggregate.

Examples Of UseInterior and exterior concrete.

Similar Materials07, 09, 24, 25, 55, 83, 92, 98

Material DataThe membrane used to achieve the graphic effect is 3.1 m wide and can be hundreds of meters long if necessary. The depth of the pattern is 1 mm, but shallower or deeper patterns are also possible.

ManufacturerGraphic Concrete Ltd, www.graphicconcrete.fi


PowerglassLaminated glass with LEDs

Powerglass integrates chip light-emitting diodes radiating light on both sides into laminated glass. Diodes are connected by completely transparent circuit path structures and provide electrical power without visible wiring. The lights can be positioned almost arbitrarily within the glass, which allows the display of information or graphics. The LEDs are supplied with power via invisible circuits on the lamination on the inside of the glass.

Examples Of UseInterior and façade design, lighting for public spaces, building-integrated communication.

Similar Materials04, 08, 11, 12, 18, 19, 25, 31, 33, 34, 94

Material DataDimensions 1,200 mm x 2,800 mm; weatherproof and heat resistant up to 50°C.

ManufacturerGlas Platz, www.glas-platz.de


Pilkington Activ Self-cleaning glass

Self-cleaning glass is effectively the same as conventional glass, but it has a titanium dioxide-based coating on the outside with two remarkable properties. Firstly, when exposed to sunlight, it acts as a photocatalyst breaking down any organic dirt. Secondly, when water falls on the surface, it acts as hydrophilic adsorber, allowing the already loosened dirt to wash away easily.

Examples Of UseFaçades and skylights where cleaning would otherwise be difficult.

Similar Materials03, 13, 17, 19, 25, 31, 33, 34, 55, 56, 70, 94

Material Data6 mm: Light transmission: 83 %; energy transmission: 79 %. May be combined with several other glass types.

ManufacturerPilkington, www.pilkington.com


IQ Glass Window integrated heating

The inner pane of IQ Glass double glazing has a thin, invisible metal oxide coating, creating an electrical resistance that produces heat evenly when connected to medium voltage. The outer pane has an infrared-reflective coating, that keeps the cold out and the warmth in, while the cavity is filled with non-toxic, insulating krypton. This system allows glazing-integrated heating, although at a somewhat high cost in electricity, while ensuring that windows remains free of condensation.

Examples Of UseIntegrated heating where space is scarce.


Material DataWindow pane U-value: 0.8 W/m2K; light transmission: 71 %; low solar heat gain; up to 247 W/m² power usage. Using IQ glass as the sole heat source, at least 1/3 of the wall area must be IQ panes.

ManufacturerIQ Glass, www.iqglass.com


LamelluxTranslucent wooden paneling

Wooden paneling made from sheets of coloured, translucent or opaque resin and decoratively carved wood. Resin specifically refers to the hydrocarbon secretions of many plants but today is applied to nearly any liquid compound that will set into a hard lacquer or enamel-like finish, like the synthetic resins used in these panels made from thermosetting plastics that will cure irreversibly when subjected to cooling or to a chemical reaction.

Examples Of UseBack-lit paneling, tabletops, doors, walls, partitions or furniture.


Material DataInclusion is available in thicknesses of 15–30 mm and sizes up to 1,200 x 2,600 mm.

ManufacturerLamellux, www.lamellux.com

20Transparent Materials20–39

AtexSilicon coated glass fibre fabric

This material is a high-strength, flexible fabric used for making lightweight membrane structures. The glass fibre fabric is impregnated and coated with specially designed translucent silicone. This technique makes the product strong and flexible and also gives it a number of qualities in terms of good fire retardancy, a soil repellent top coating and a translucency of up to 40 %.

Examples Of UseLarge-scale translucent surfaces with no insulation requirements.

Similar Materials10, 22, 28, 62, 70, 76

Material DataAtex is available in any colour and with a range of specifications customisable for specific. Example: 3,000 TRL; Weight: 595 g/m²; Thickness: 0.45 mm; Width: 2–3 m. Estimated 25-year lifespan.

ManufacturerPD FibreGlass Group, www.pd-fibreglass.com


ETFE film Ethylene Tetra-Fluoro-Ethylene

This material is a transparent polymer film that can be stretched to up to three times its own length without losing its elasticity and can carry 400 times its own weight. The foil elements consist of several layers of ETFE film mounted on aluminium frames, inflated with low-pressure air between individual layers of film to provide insulation and resist wind loads. ETFE film does not degrade from exposure to ultraviolet light and can be melted and reused.

Examples Of UseLightweight roofing structures providing translucency as well as insulation and noise reduction.


Material Data90–95 % light transmittance for each layer of foil, virtually any size and shape possible. U-value: 1.2 W/m2K and 10 dB noise reduction for 5 layers of ETFE film.

ManufacturerAGC, www.agc-group.com


Jungbecker Light-directing prisms

Jungbecker Optics manufactures a wide range of standard sheets and injection moulded applications as well as custom-designed project-specific solutions, all offering precision-engineered lighting control. By embossing acrylics, polycarbonate and other transparent materials with cone-shaped prisms optimised by numerical algorithms, it becomes possible to direct incident light. It may be split, reflected and directed to suit the lighting requirements of a given space while avoiding glare effects.

Examples Of UseLighting, skylights and partial façade glazing where a high degree of light control is required.


Material DataExample: conical anti-glare prism; measurements: up to 1,200 x 600 mm; thickness: 3 mm; cone diameter: 2 mm; refractive index: 1.491; light transmission: 92 % (clear acrylic).

ManufacturerJungbecker Optics, www.jungbecker.de


LUCEM Translucent concrete with optical fibres

Concrete tiles, panels or blocks incorporating ultra fine optical glass or polymer fibres in predefined patterns, allowing light to be transmitted through the material in the direction of the fibres. Shadows appear clearly outlined on an opposing surface. The combination of structural integrity and translucency allows playful integration of materiality, structure and light, and may point to new ways of working with daylight in structures.

Examples Of UseFaçades or interior structural elements where translucency or embedded lighting is required.


Material DataPanels measuring up to 1,250 x 650 x 30 mm; special sizes up to 3,000 mm and thicknesses up to 1,000 mm; line or terrazzo texture; concrete strength class C40/50; density: 2,400 kg/m3.

ManufacturerLucem, www.lucem.de


OrniluxBird protection glass

Every year, millions of birds are killed from collisions with glass surfaces. As ordinary glass is transparent and reflective, it becomes invisible to birds. Ornilux glass panes have a patterned UV reflective coating that makes them visible to birds while maintaining transparency to the human eye.

Examples Of UseFaçades – replacing black and red bird stickers or other traditional measures.


Material DataStandard float glass sizes: 2.0 m x 3.2 m max, or particular dimensions on inquiry. Pattern developed in collaboration with the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology.

ManufacturerArnold Glas, www.ornilux.de


Pro Tec 7 Fibreglass in window frames

This window system is a brand-new take on traditional wood and aluminium windows. Harnessing the qualities of glass-reinforced polyester, Pro Tec 7 provides slimmer profiles and optimal thermal insulation. Due to the low thermal transmission of the material, thermal loss is kept to a minimum, which makes the system one of the most energy efficient on the market. At the same time, the slim window system allows for larger glass areas and consequently provides increased levels of natural light.

Examples Of UseWindow systems for places where daylight, insulation and slim design are important.


Material DataU-value: 0.61 W/m²K, edge zone temperatures 14°C

ManufacturerPro Tec, www.protecwindows.com


TransquietoAcrylic glass with acoustic comfort

The combination of transparency and acoustic absorption is achieved by surface microperforation. Specific ranges of frequency absorption depend on the ç of the material, the distance between individual holes and their diameters, as well as on the distance to the surface behind the panels. Transquieto provides a simple yet effective combination of transparency and acoustic comfort.

Examples Of UseMeeting rooms with transparent room dividers, atriums and theatres.


Material DataHole diameter: 0.5–2 mm; thickness 3–15 mm; raster with 5 x 5 mm grid equals 40,000 holes per m².

ManufacturerHeinz Fritz, www.heinz-fritz.de


FiberlineFibre-reinforced polymer

A composite is a material where two (or more) materials combined obtains constructive qualities that none of them had by themselves. Fiberline produces fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) from glass fibres and a polyester resin to create a translucent high-strength, and lightweight component. The profiles and properties of the composite may be customised to meet specific demands for strength, resistance, translucency and insulation properties.

Examples Of UseWindow and façade profiles, large scale construction elements, and wind turbine components.


Material DataFiberline produces a wide range of standard profiles; maximum width is 1,500 mm. All profiles are non-corrosive and have very low thermal conductivity compared to steel and aluminium.

ManufacturerFiberline, www.fiberline.com


MakustikTranslucent acoustic panel

Constructed as sandwich elements with a perforated, translucent cover layer, Makustik panels offer noise reduction through control of reverberation while also letting through 65% of the light. The panels are stiff and lightweight and can create interesting lighting effects depending on the size, variety and number of acoustic perforations required.

Examples Of UsePartitions, back-lit panels, interior cladding for windows, skylights, ceilings, and walls.


Material DataMeasurements: 2,500 x 1,250 x 19 mm; weight: 3.6 kg/m³; light transmission: 65 %; noise reduction 22 dB.

ManufacturerFiberline, www.fiberline.com


OkagelTranslucent insulation

Okagel is an insulating glass system, in which the inter-pane cavity is filled with a translucent, silica-based aerogel. Aerogel consists of 99.8 % air restrained in nano-size pores. It weighs 75 g per liter, making it the lightest and best insulating solid in the world. The Okagel panels have a high light transmission. They diffuse daylight deep into the room while providing very good sun and glare control. They block IR radiation, attenuate sound and disperse transmitted light evenly.

Examples Of UseThe Okagel system is wellsuited for rooms where light diffusion as well as thermal and sound insulation are required.


Material DataOkagel glass system: U-value: 0.3 W/m2K (60 mm nanogel filling) or U-value: 0.6 W/m2K (30 mm nanogel filling).

ManufacturerOkagel: Okalux, www.okalux.de


Fusion Glass Structural decorative glass

Specialised in processing ordinary float glass in different ways, Fusion Glass Designs produces a series of decorative glass products with inherent structural strength and architectural qualities. Production methods include kiln forming, sand blasting, laminating and screen printing to give the glass products different colours, patterns and surface decorations. Predesigned as well as customised products available.

Examples Of UseDecorative and informative glazing, structural glazing, LED integration, facades, and interiors.


Material DataA wide range of glass products available. Example: sandblasted surface decoration, up to 3,000 x 5,000 mm, any thickness.

ManufacturerFusion Glass Designs, www.fusionglass.co.uk


Lumisty Visibility control film

A view-control window film that controls what can be seen and not seen through glass or other transparent products. It works from both sides, and three variants of films are available with four different view angles. The film can block the view of a parking lot while it highlights a city skyline or prevent the view from the streets into an office or meeting room. The film can be used as both functional and decorative part of a façade with or without the view control function.

Examples Of UseControl of privacy and transparency and façade effects.


Material DataLumisty comes in rolls; width: 1,250 mm; length: 15,250 mm

ManufacturerGlassfilm Enterprises, www.glassfilmenterprises.com


Schott -Mirona Mirrored glass

Controlled solely by the lighting level behind the glass, Mirona glass switches between offering unimpeded views in both directions and mirroring. In front of a light background, it appears transparent, while it acts as a mirror in front of a dark surface. This effect is achieved by a coating on either side of the glass (standard float, insulating or laminated safety glass) containing an optical interference layer that provides precisely defined states of reflection and transmission.

Examples Of UseLamps, partitions, storefronts and interior design.


Material DataSeveral varieties available. Example: Mirona Standard; coated on both sides; light transmission: 63 %; light reflection: 34 %.

ManufacturerSchott, www.schott.com


NarimaDichroic glass

The iridescent colour effect of this glass product is achieved by applying ultrathin layers of metal oxide coating. Comparable to the way in which oil slicks on water reflect light, so-called thin-film interference, the combination of highly refractive and low-refractive layers on the glass causes reinforcement of certain wavelengths and interference with others in the reflected light. The result is a rainbow effect that changes with the angle between the viewer, glass pane and light source.

Examples Of UseArtistic light and colour effect in or on buildings and light filtering.


Material DataExample: colour effect, glass blue/gold: blue light in transmission, blue-gold transition in reflection; thickness, 4-12 mm; dimensions: 3,770 x 1,770 mm.

ManufacturerSchott, www.schott.com


MesoOpticsMicrocrystalline lighting control

Using a production technique similar to that used in the production of credit card holograms, Ledalite MesoOptics produces lighting control consisting of a layer of microstructures no greater than 5 microns in size, applied to a substrate such as acrylic, polycarbonate or glass. These microstructures allow detailed control of how light passes through the medium, allowing the creation of pure white light free from striations and hot spots and redirection of the light into any desired angle.

Examples Of UseHighly controlled and efficient interior lighting.


Material DataMesoOptics allows up to 95 % of the light that enters it to pass through.

ManufacturerPhilips Ledalite, www.ledalite.com


Daylight Redirecting Film Dispersing daylight

This window film is designed to bring natural light deeper into the interior of a building by changing the direction of light as it streams through windows. It effectively acts as a light shelf and thereby reduces the need for artificial light during the day. Through pyramid-shaped micro crystals, light passing through the film is redirected towards the ceiling while a diffusing film spreads the light evenly across the target surface and thereby provides glare-free daylight even in deep rooms.

Examples Of UseSimple daylighting solution for renovations and part of extensive daylighting systems.


Material DataReduces glare; no cleaning required; blocks 99 % of UV light.

Manufacturer3M, www.3m.com


StarlightTranslucent sandwich panels

With its characteristic, elegant appearance and high strength-to-weight ratio, the Starlight series of transparent and translucent sandwich boards is suitable for both interior and exterior decoration. The acrylic and polycarbonate plates are put together using a special gluing method binding the transparent birdwing cell core to the transparent or translucent cover layer. This method gives the panel a homogenous appearance. The material is UltraViolet (UV) stable and may be used in exterior applications.

Examples Of UseInterior and exterior panels; partitions, light walls, furniture, facades, floors and ceilings.


Material DataMeasurements: 3,015 x 1,000 mm; thickness: 19-40 mm; various types available.

ManufacturerBencore, www.bencore.co.uk


3Form Chroma Coloured translucent surfaces

Produced from optical grade engineered resin, 3Form Chroma is a highly functional solid surface available in a wide range of colours that can be layered to achieve a wide range of hues and opacities. This monolithic material is rigid, stable and sturdy and offers very high light transmission. It is also great for edge lighting and may be thermoformed into gently curving shapes. Its surface is durable and can easily be refinished throughout its lifetime.

Examples Of UseInterior or exterior surfaces, furniture, interior design, signage, lighting, awnings, tables or canopies.


Material DataLight Transmission: 92 % (average); available in thicknesses of 12.7 mm, 25.4 mm or 50.8 mm; standard and custom sizes up to 1,219 x 3,048 mm; up to 40 % recycled content

Manufacturer3form, www.3-form.com


MicroshadeMicro structured solar shading

Microshade is a static, micro-structured shading that is mounted in the cavity of two- or three- layer window panes. Microshade offers effective, maintenance-free shading from direct sunlight while maintaining good transparency. The lamellas consist of stainless steel in strips less than 0.2 mm wide, angled so as to reflect the rays of the sun when it is high in the sky. On a typical summer day, when the sun is at its highest, the energy gain from the sunlight is reduced by up to 90 %.

Examples Of UseSouth facing glass façades, integrated sun screening systems and solar shading.


Material DataAvailable in rolls 140 mm wide; example: double glazing with Microshade MS-A; solar direct transmittance: 15 % at 45 degrees solar height, 28 % at 15 degrees solar height.

ManufacturerPhotoSolar, www.photosolar.dk


Intelligent Clay Panels With phase-changing material

Using clay panels for interior cladding is particularly useful where changing moisture levels could be a problem, as clay is an excellent material for regulating moisture at a pleasant level. Furthermore, clay has excellent sound insulating qualities. Adding Micronal Phase-Changing Material (PCM) microcapsules increases the already considerable thermal mass of the panels and allows extraordinary control of thermal comfort. It can be reused.

Examples Of UseEfficient thermal mass and moisture control for both cold and warm seasons/climates.


Material DataThe heat storage capacity of 14 mm PCM-clay panel equals that of 70 mm concrete with a PCM-content of 3 kg/m2.

ManufacturerLehmorange, www.lehmorange.de

40Green Materials40–59

Rheinzink Sustainable façade cladding

Rheinzink roof and façade cladding is made from a titanium zinc alloy. A number of different construction and assembly systems are available for roofs and façades, all of which protect buildings from the effects of wind and weather. Rheinzink is a naturally corrosion resistant material and consequently needs no coating or other chemical surface protection, and its production process is characterised by its comparatively low carbon footprint.

Examples Of UseFaçade cladding


Material DataCradle to Cradle Silver certified, ISO 14025 ECO, thickness: 0.7-1 mm.

ManufacturerRheinzink, www.rheinzink.com


DoschawolWool insulation

Insulation with sheep wool fibres is an environmentally friendly alternative to more conventional insulation materials, and where many wool insulation products contain polyester adhesive or binding to facilitate batt or roll forming, Doschawol consists of 100 % wool. Wool insulation contains no harmful chemicals, has low embodied energy, is biodegradable, naturally fire retardant as well as mould and moisture resistant – all qualities that contribute to the product’s strength as green insulation.

Examples Of UseWherever conventional insulation materials would otherwise be used.


Material DataThermal conductivity: 0,035 W/mK.

ManufacturerDoscha, www.doscha.nl


HempFlax Insulation Natural hemp fibre insulation

HempFlax Insulation is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional insulation materials. Hemp processing is clean and low on dust, and HempFlax Insulation is made of 90 % hemp reinforced with 10 % corn. Soda has been added as a fire deterrent, and as hemp fibre does not contain protein, the material does not require chemical treatment against moths and beetles.

Examples Of UseWherever conventional insulation materials would otherwise be used.


Material DataHempFlax is available in a standard size of 600 x 1,200 mm and in a range of thicknesses between 40 mm and 160 mm.

ManufacturerHempFlax, hempflax.com


KebonyNon-toxic enhanced wood

This sustainable alternative to hardwoods is processed in a way that makes it harder and more durable. Kebonisation is an impregnation process during which the wood is soaked in furfuryl alcohol (a byproduct of sugar production) which has molecules small enough to enter the cellular walls of the wood. Subsequent heat treatment causes the furfuryl alcohol to polymerise inside the wood, forming a stable, non-disintegrating polymer that greatly increases the strength and durability of the wood.

Examples Of UseStrong and durable cladding and decking in moist and cold environments.


Material DataFSC certified; durability class 1–2 (the most durable category of the EN 350 European norm).

ManufacturerKebony, www.kebony.com


Mosa Tiles Sustainable ceramic tiles

The tiles produced contain only clay and sand that are free of hazardous compounds such as lead, mercury and cadmium. By using only natural raw materials in the tiles, Mosa makes them recyclable. In fact, the new tiles contain between 16 and 45 % recycled materials. The company’s stated goal is to do business as sustainably as possible. This includes investments in and long-term policies on energy management, local sourcing of raw materials, closed water cycles, reduced and clean-air emissions, as well as good working and social conditions.

Examples Of UseInterior and exterior applications for walls, floors, and façades.


Material DataA variety of colours, sizes and surface finishes. 0.05 % moisture absorption. Cradle to Cradle Silver certified.

ManufacturerMosa Tiles, www.mosa.nl


GreenSulate Fungi as insulation

In this material filamentous fungi is used to bond seed husks, like cotton burrs and buckwheat hulls, into a strong rigid board. Ecovative insulation is literally grown. The result is a biodegradable insulation material, which is highly fire resistant and free from any hazardous chemical compounds. Greensulate is stronger than many synthetic types of foam, making it ideal for structural insulation panels. Additionally, the manufacturing costs are low since the fabrication does not require any significant heat, light or petroleum.

Examples Of UseSustainably grown insulation, structural insulation boards.


Material DataEcovative was developed at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

ManufacturerEcovative Design, www.ecovativedesign.com


Econyl 75 Recycled polyamide fibre

The Econyl recycling system allows for full industrial recycling of polymer materials. The resulting product is a polymer with the same technical and quality characteristics as the product obtained by conventional means. Econyl 75 consists of 75 % recycled content, and the remaining 25 % is virgin polymer to accommodate additives and pigments more readily. In the waste recovering process, plastic is collected through worldwide logistic chains and transported to the production plants.

Examples Of UseWear- and stain-resistant fibre carpets used in hotels, offices and public buildings.


Material Data75 % recycled (polyamide) fibre material (70 % post-industrial and 5 % post-consumer), 25 %, and using virgin polymer (Nylon 6).

ManufacturerAquafil Group, www.aquafil.com


Paper Wool Paper granulate insulation

Paper Wool is produced simply by shredding recycled newspaper to a fine granulate and adding 10 % aluminium hydroxide, a fire retardant, and 5 % sodium borate to prevent mould growth. The production process requires approximately a fifth of the energy used in the production of mineral wool, and the finished insulating product can be sprayed onto or into cavity walls or roof structures.

Examples Of UseInsulation for old cavity walls or in new buildings suited for non-batched insulation.


Material DataThermal transmission: 0,040 W/mK; 400 kg of recycled newspapers = 27 bags of Paper Wool = 135 m² of 100 mm insulation.

ManufacturerPaper Wool, www.papiruld.dk


Ytong Energy+ Insulating concrete blocks

This material is an autoclaved aerated concrete block solution for the construction of insulating solid walls. A layer of extremely lightweight (115 kg/m3) and highly insulating Ytong Energy+ is sandwiched between a thin outer and a thicker inner layer of denser (340 kg/m3) structural aerated concrete. The company strives for as sustainable a production process as possible, and the blocks are non-toxic, easy to work with and 100 % recyclable as raw material for new concrete products.

Examples Of UseSustainable concrete housing.

Similar Materials01, 09, 10, 24, 63, 65, 66, 67, 69, 74, 77, 83, 88, 92, 96, 98

Material DataBlocks measure 250 x 500 mm with a thickness of 400 or 500 mm; U-value: 0,11 W/m2K for 500 mm walls. Cradle to Cradle Basic certified.

ManufacturerXella, www.ytong.dk


Accoya Nontoxic high technology wood

The production process makes fast-growing softwood into a new durable and stable product with the qualities of hardwood. Accoya is wood that has been chemically enhanced by acetylation, a process in which acetic anhydride is used to change the abundance of free hydroxyls into acetyl groups. As free hydroxyls in the wood cells enable wood to absorb water and play an important role in deterioration, water absorption and decay is avoided, which makes the wood extremely durable.

Examples Of UseOutdoor wooden structures.


Material DataClass 1 durability (comparable to teak), lasting at least 50 years above ground and 25 years below ground.

ManufacturerAccoya, www.accoya.com


Superwood Climate resistant softwood

Superwood becomes particularly durable and resistant to the northern climate through a clever low-energy and non-toxic impregnating process utilising the natural properties of CO2: At 74 bar pressure and at 31°C, CO2 turns fluid, yet still retaining the ability of a gas to fill its container – a supercritical fluid. Superwood is impregnated from surface to core in a pressure chamber with supercritical CO2 acting as a carrier agent, distributing fungicides evenly in the material.

Examples Of UseOutdoor wood structures in cold and wet climates.


Material DataSuperwood is impregnated with SC200 (propiconazol, tebuconazol and IPB C), certified by The Danish Environmental Protection Agency.

ManufacturerSuperwood, www.superwood.dk


GreenPanel Wooden sandwich panels

Greenpanel is manufactured from FSC-certified wood and saves material by enclosing a 3 mm HDF grid system of variable height between a 4 mm HDF top and bottom, bound together by non-toxic PVA glue. The material is thus comparatively light and easy to handle and leaves a smaller ecological footprint, while maintaining the strength and stability of comparable conventional boards.

Examples Of UseStructural panels, furniture.


Material DataAvailable in sizes up to 5,200 x 1,220 mm, thicknesses of 38, 60 or 80 mm and densities of 230, 165 and 130 kg/m³ respectively.

ManufacturerDekker, www.dekkergreenpanel.nl


FibriCork Biobased composite boards

Produced purely from natural materials only, FibriCork is a composite structural sandwich element suited for walls and floors alike. The core material, natural cork form sustainably grown cork oaks, is encased in a composite made from natural fibre flax mats and a sugar-based bio resin. The result is a rigid board with good mechanical properties as well as thermal and sound-insulating properties. FibriCork can be seen as a bio-based alternative to normal composite constructions.

Examples Of UseLight, insulating structural panels; walls, floors and ceilings.


Material Data1,000 x 2,000 mm max; 4 kg/m2 at 10 mm thickness; thermal conductivity: 0.057 W/mK.

ManufacturerEcoTechnilin, www.ecotechnilin.com


Eco Composite Cellulosic structural panels

The manufacturing process behind the ECOR panels is similar to the “wet” process conventionally used to produce paper and cardboard, i.e. creating a wet cellulose fibre “stew” or matrix similar to paper pulp, which is poured into a flat or corrugated mould to achieve a uniform thickness. The result is a strong and lightweight product, manufactured from a broad range of readily available, low-cost and underutilised raw materials recycled from paper and agricultural industries.

Examples Of UseLight structural panels and 3D structures in a dry environment.


Material DataSeveral component types. Example: WavCOR corrugated panel, 610 x 2,440 mm. Combine FlatCOR with WavCOR for three-dimensional structural panels.

ManufacturerECOR, www.ecorglobal.com


ClimaLifeAir-cleaning roof tile

ClimaLife is a concrete roof tile with self- and air-cleaning properties thanks to its titanium dioxide surface coating. Breaking down airborne NOx particles through a photocatalytic process, the tile surface produces harmless nitrates, that are easily washed away along with any other dirt when it rains, thanks to the hydrophilic qualities of titanium dioxide. The reduction in NOx for a 200 m2 roof is comparable to what a family car produces driving 17,000 km/year.

Examples Of UseRoofing for houses in areas with high air pollution.


Material Data420 x 332 mm, covering 310-370 x 300 mm; 4.7 kg; 9 – 10.5 tiles per m2; Long lifecycle of 80 – 100 years with 30-year warranty; self-cleaning properties.

ManufacturerNelskamp, www.nelskamp.de


Noxite Air-purifying shingles

The core in the shingles is made of a strong glass felt coated with asphalt and titanium dioxide, making it durable, self-cleaning and air-purifying. When exposed to daylight, titanium dioxide functions as a catalyst in a chemical process in which NOx-particles are converted to nitrate, which can then be washed away by rain and serve as nourishment for plants. NOx-particles are one of six recognized greenhouse gases and one of the main components of acid rain. A 100 m² Noxite roof can each year neutralize what a normal car emits by driving 3,000 km.

Examples Of UseFlat and sloping roofs, particularly well suited for areas with high levels of air pollution


Material DataWidth 0.33–1.0 m; Length 7.5 m; 10 years product warranty.

ManufacturerIcopal, www.icopal.com


EcoveilFully recyclable fabric

Resembling natural materials in texture and colour, Ecoveil is a fully recyclable shade cloth system made of thermoplastic olefin (TPO). The material is designed to be reclaimed, recycled, and reused in a perpetual loop. In addition to being recyclable into new shade cloths, the TPO cloth is also flame retardant, UV-resistant, and antifungal. Furthermore, its weight is merely one third of traditional polyester screen cloths.

Examples Of UseInterior shading and textiles for screens.


Material DataCradle to Cradle Certified, Silver; EcoVeil Naturals 8050 Series; 8 colours; 100 % TPO; 163–168 cm wide.

ManufacturerMechoShade Systems, www.mechoshade.com


WolviltNatural non-woven wool

Made from 100 % pure, natural wool, Wolvilt provides material for the fashion and design industry. Using traditional felt manufacturing methods, Wolvilt relies on the natural structure of wool fibers. Subjected to steam and pressure, the short strands of fibre branching off along the main core of the wool fibres intertwine and lock together. Subsequent mechanical treatment with rollers results in a natural, durable felt, crafted through a process utilising only steam and mechanical pressure.

Examples Of UseInterior design; acoustic panels, carpets and furniture.


Material DataAvailable in a wide range of colours and in thicknesses of 2, 3 and 5 mm; several densities available, for example 0.28 g/cm³.

ManufacturerWolvilt, www.wolvilt.nl


KlimaTecReradiating wall cover

Interior walls and ceilings covered with KlimaTec Pro KV 600 assist in room heating by reradiating a larger portion of the thermal energy transferred to the walls through radiation, than uncovered walls would. The effect is particularly useful in rooms where shifts in temperature occur, such rooms will be warmed up more quickly using less energy.

Examples Of UseInfrequently used rooms – i.e. meeting rooms, club houses etc.


Material DataRoll dimensions: 1,500 x 1,000 mm; weight: approx. 600 g/m²; conforms to DIN 4102-B2, i.e. „normal flammable building materials“.

ManufacturerErfurt, www.erfurt.com


AlucobondLightweight composite

This composite panel consists of two aluminium cover sheets sandwiched around a plastic core. The panels come in a wide range of sizes and colours, and can easily be folded, bent and shaped without any loss of rigidity. Alucobond complies with national fire regulations, is weather and temperature resistant, and is very light and easy to transport, handle and install.

Examples Of UseLightweight façade elements.


Material DataPanels are available in a range of sizes up to 1,750 x 11,000 mm and thicknesses of 3, 4 and 6 mm. Weight between 4.5 and 7.3 kg/m².

Manufacturer3A Composites, www.alucobond.com

60Lightweight Materials60 –79

Cobiax Lightweight concrete slabs

This material consists of plastic bubble creating voids in concrete casting. The Cobiax void formers are positioned between the bottom and top reinforcement layers, displacing concrete. The result is a dead-load reduction of up to 35 %, achieved by leaving out as much concrete as possible while maintaining the full flexural strength of the slab and allowing bi-axial load transfer. The Cobiax slab can be cast as conventional in-situ concrete or combined with semi-precast elements.

Examples Of UseWherever conventional concrete slabs would otherwise be used.


Material DataCobiax Slim-Line: void former height: 100–220 mm, slab depths: 20–35 cm. All Cobiax flat slabs have the same mechanical load-bearing behavior as solid, flat plate slabs.

ManufacturerCobiax Technologies, www.cobiax.ch


Barrisol Shape memory textile

This textile is used in a number of innovative ways to create any kind of complex lightweight shapes. It consists of sheets of shape memory polymer held in place by custom-made rail systems, and its uses include for example backlit stretch-ceiling systems. Due to its memory molecules, it will return to its initial form and tension after deformation. Barrisol Acoustics consists of micro-perforated sheets well suited for acoustical purposes.

Examples Of UseStretch-ceiling systems, free-form 3D shapes and light installations.


Material DataCustom made, any shape; non-flammable; sheet thickness: 1–10 mm, depending on finish and properties (classified M1 in France, Bd B-S2-d0 in Europe, Class 0 in UK and Class I in the USA).

ManufacturerBarrisol, www.barrisol.com


SpaceloftAerogel insulation blanket

Spaceloft combines a silica aerogel with reinforcing fibres to create a flexible aerogel blanket insulation designed to meet the demanding energy conservation requirements of residential and commercial buildings at a fraction of the thickness of conventional insulation materials. Spaceloft effectively combines low thermal conductivity with high flexibility, compression resistance, hydrophobicity, fire retardancy and ease of use.

Examples Of UseThin and lightweight insulation.

Similar Materials15, 30, 42, 43, 46, 48, 49, 65, 66, 69, 70, 77, 79

Material DataAvailable in rolls 1,475 mm wide and 5 or 10 mm thick. U-value: 1.4 W/m²K for 10 mm.

ManufacturerAspen Aerogels, www.aerogel.com


LaminamLightweight ceramic cladding

The lightness, strength and durability of the Laminam facade system is achieved through the use of very large and extremely thin porcelain stoneware sheets produced from natural raw materials subjected to damp grinding, compacting and sintering at 1,200°C. Secured to a lightweight carrying system. Laminam offers a lightweight solution alternative to conventional materials for ventilated façades.

Examples Of UseVentilated façade systems.


Material DataSlabs measure 1,000 x 3,000 x 3 mm.

ManufacturerLaminam, www.laminam.it


AerorockRockwool with aerogel

Aerorock is a series of new, slim insulation panels with aerogel. Aerorock is highly insulating, solid and inflammable material, provided as panels ready to apply to interior walls. Although currently marketed as a niche product particularly well suited for energy renovation of old buildings, it demonstrates a growing drive in the industry towards the development of increasingly effective insulators.

Examples Of UseEasily applicable insulation for new, thin-walled structures; energy renovation of older buildings.

Similar Materials15, 30, 42, 43, 46, 48, 49, 63, 66, 69, 70, 77, 79

Material DataAerorock standard panel: 1,200 x 600 mm; thickness, 50 mm; U-value: 0.38 W/m2K.

ManufacturerRockwool, www.aerowolle.de


VacuporVacuum insulated panels

Combining the properties of microporous insulation material with the advantages of vacuum insulation technology, Vacupor achieves a very low thermal conductivity of 5mW/m·K. The core material consists of fused layers of microporous fumed silica, which limits thermal conductivity, while vacuumed the material completely prevents any thermal transmission by convection. The material is inflammable, nonhazardous and recyclable.

Examples Of UseHighly efficient insulation where space is limited and flexibility is required.


Material DataThermal conductivity: between 0.005 W/mK and 0.019 W/mK; temperature range from -50 to +120° C, customized components available.

ManufacturerPorextherm, www.porextherm.com


AlusionAluminum foam

Using post-industrial aluminium, Alusion markets stiff, incombustible, non-toxic, sound- and crash absorbing and heat resistant sandwich panels. The lightweight stabilized aluminium foam of the core is produced by introducing gas bubbles into a melt of metal matrix composite, in which hard ceramic particles stabilize the bubbles and ensure that the material retains its final shape. Sandwiching the foam between cover layers allows a very high bending strength at comparatively low weight.

Examples Of UseAluminium foam sandwich panels are used in rail trains and sport cars as crash-absorbing material and in heat-resistant walls.


Material DataSeveral varieties of foam board available. Example: small-pore; thickness: 25.4 mm; density: 0.41 g/cm³; standard size: 1,219 x 2,438 mm.

ManufacturerAlusion, www.alusion.com


PreBeamFlexible sandwich laminate

This material is a lightweight and strong sandwich laminate that can be easily shaped into various single-curved surfaces. The core material of the laminate is flexible, corrugated aluminium, which can be transformed by hand or machine into any given shape and then locked by gluing on glass reinforced polymers (GRP) sheets to complete the laminate and form the structure of various curved surfaces. The laminates can be either prefabricated or made to be individually adjusted individually on site.

Examples Of UseCurved cladding panels and interior design.


Material DataExample: PreBeam 0.15 mm alu, multipurpose profile for low-weight applications; weight: 231 g/m; dimensions, 31 x 56 mm.

ManufacturerMDT, www.flexible-products.dk


Amorim Insulation cork board

Using a naturally occurring and regenerating material, Amorim produces 100 % natural insulation with very low embodied energy. Following a period of weather exposure, the cork is granulated, sorted by size for different products and subjected to superheated steam and pressure, which induce expansion and release the cork’s natural resin turning it into an adhesive. Expanded cork granulate is stable, durable and resistant to moisture and functions as a thermal, acoustic and vibrational insulator.

Examples Of UseAs an alternative to conventional insulation materials or as filler in lightweight concrete.


Material DataDensity: 110-120 kg/m³; thermal conductivity: 0.040 W/mK; noise insulation: Rw = 53 dB.

ManufacturerAmorim Isolamentos, www.bcork.amorim.com


Tensotherm Insulating translucent tensile fabric

This light high-strength tensile membrane is a three-layer composite material, made of one layer of aerogel between two layers of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Because of its insulating properties, the material is very energy efficient, and it also provides good light transmission and acoustic qualities. The self-cleaning TiO2 coating keeps the outer layer clean and simultaneously helps rid the air of nitric oxides and other airborne pollutants.

Examples Of UseInsulation with translucent, lightweight and tensile properties.

Similar Materials03, 10, 13, 18, 21, 22, 30, 55, 56, 62, 63, 65, 76, 79

Material DataU Value: 1.96 – 0.31 W/m²K. Available with a core of Nanogel from 8 mm – 64 mm.

ManufacturerBirdair, www.birdair.com


Lexan Polycarbonate panels

Lexan polycarbonate resin is a highly versatile, amorphous engineering thermoplastic characterised by its outstanding mechanical, optical, electrical and thermal properties. When set in its desired form, it offers impact resistance dimensional stability andtransparency. It may be used in a wide range of projects requiring flame retardancy, scratch resistance, toughness, heat resistance and weather resistance.

Examples Of UseAs a strong yet lightweight alternative to glass in facades, and transparent walls


Material DataWide range of products available. Example: Lexan Resin 143 R; UV stabilised; density: 1.2 g/cm³; tensile stress (yield: 50 mm/min), 63 MPa.

ManufacturerSABIC Innovative Plastics, www.sabic-ip.com


Balsa Core Natural core material

Derived from South American balsa trees, Balsa Core is a high-performance, lightweight core material for constructions in sandwich composites. Balsa Core Rigid is dried balsa wood assembled into large panels and is a suitable replacement for flat, stiff sandwich panels; Balsa Core Flexible features a fibreglass fabric scrim on one side and a series of razor thin cuts on the other to allow for curved panels. It can also be supplied pre-cut, shaped and numbered as a Balsa Core Kit used for instance in the construction of windmills.

Examples Of UseCore material in lightweight panels, structural skin or windmills.


Material DataDensity, 152 kg pr. m³; compressive strength: 13 MPa; tensile strength: 13-4 MPa; thermal conductivity: 0.063 W/mK.

ManufacturerDura Composites, www.balsacore.com


Holland Composites Lightweight translucent panels

The panels are made from glass fibre composites and are extremely lightweight when taking into account volume and strength. The sandwich structure is made of glass fibre-reinforced composites around a plastic honeycomb core. This core material gives the panel its strength without adding significant weight. The clear plastic allows light to filter through despite the thickness of the panel. Furthermore, panel and glass fibre layer thicknesses may be adapted to meet customer requirements.

Examples Of UseFaçade and roof cladding


Material DataCustom made; flat panels, thickness: 10-100 mm depending on project; may be dyed and patterns added; fire retardant (classified Bd B-S2-d0 in Europe, Class 0 in UK, B1 in Germany)

ManufacturerHolland composites, www.hollandcomposites.nl


DivinycellLightweight structural foam

Divinycell offers a comprehensive range of polymer foam cores, each product developed to meet specific performance criteria from all-round high performance to aerospace grade, each available in a range of densities as low as 38 kg/m³. Furthermore, Divinycell may be supplied with a range of finishes to facilitate installation, such as grid-scored, grooved or perforated surfaces, and may be ordered as ready-made kits, each piece pre-cut, shaped and numbered to fit exactly into its designated place.

Examples Of UseFoam cores for structural elements in sandwich constructions; compatible with virtually all commonly used resin systems.


Material DataMaterial data:Divinycell H: density: 38-250 kg/m³; compressive strength: 0.45-7.2 MPa; tensile strength: 1.0-9.2 MPa

ManufacturerDIAB Group, www.diabgroup.com


Web Plate Lightweight aluminum panels

Thin, customizable and with a large range of precision- engineered corrugation patterns, Web Plate aluminum products are lightweight, high-performance panels that may be used to create almost any kind of two- or three-dimensional shape with standard machinery. Graphic designs may be embossed onto the panels before anodizing or dyeing.

Examples Of UsePrimarily interior design, lightweight partitions, acoustic walls and furniture.


Material DataLarge variety of products available; example: Web Plate type A12; height: 4.0 mm; thickness: 0.5 mm; measurements: 450 x 1,160 mm; weight, 1.23 kg/m².

ManufacturerFielitz, www.fielitz.de


CENO TEC Flexible, coated glass fibre

This architectural fabric is durable and non-combustible and is generally used for permanent, weather-resistant membrane structures. While the glass fibre fabric provides high tensile strength, the PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) coating provides a very light and low-friction surface, which is also chemically inert, and consequently almost impervious to dirt. PTFE is a stronger, but non-translucent, alternative to ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene).

Examples Of UseArchitectural textiles, lightweight membrane ceilings; large spans possible.


Material DataThickness: 0.127-0.25 mm; heat and cold-resistance: -190°C to + 260°C; life expectancy: 25 years +.

ManufacturerCENO TEC, www.sattler-ag.com


Va-Q-tec Vacuum insulation panels

With their core of microporous fumed silica board sealed inside a gas barrier film, va-Q-tec insulation panels offer noncombustible high performance insulation. The panels were specially developed for insulation applications where space is scarce but high thermal resistance is necessary, and they are also available in a range of custom-cut shapes.

Examples Of UseThin-walled structures and extreme climatic conditions.


Material DataDimensions: 1,000 x 600 mm; thickness: 10–50 mm; density: 180–210 kg/m³; thermal conductivity: < 0.0043 W/mK (at 20 mm thickness).

ManufacturerVa-Q-tec, www.va-q-tec.com


Architectural Wire Cloth Woven sun protection

Manufactured from high-quality, stainless steel with molybdenum, architectural wire cloth may be applied to the exterior of a building as efficient sun protection. Incident solar radiation is filtered and, as a result, the heating of the façade is greatly reduced. The mesh has a distinctive interplay of transparency and reflection of light and colour, but allows clear views from the inside as well as outside. It may also be dyed and/or combined with LED lighting.

Examples Of UseFaçade cladding as a second building skin; solar shading: also well suited for ceilings and space dividers, railings etc.


Material DataA range of different mesh types available. Example: Multi-barrette 8123; weight, 6.6 kg/m²; open area, 64 %.

ManufacturerHaver & Boecker, www.weavingideas.com


Lumira aerogel Lightweight, translucent insulation

Aerogel is a lightweight, translucent insulation material that only weighs 75 g per liter, making it the lightest and best insulating solid in the world. Aerogel consists of up to 99,8 % air restrained in nano-size pores, the size of which hinders movement and collision and thus transfer of thermal energy from the air molecules. It also absorbs sound and disperses light, making it ideal for daylighting evenly lit spaces. Lumira aerogel is safe, non-hazardous, recyclable and environmentally friendly.

Examples Of UseDaylighting systems as skylights or façade

Similiar Materials30, 63, 65, 66, 70, 77

Material DataLumira translucent silica aerogel; thickness: 25 mm; light transmission: 55 %; U-value: 0.64 W/m2K; Cradle to Cradle Silver certified.

ManufacturerCabot, www.cabot-corp.com


KraftwellCorrugated cardboard

Produced exclusively from strong first generation fibers, Kraftwells double layer of reinforcing fluting makes for a cardboard of impressive strength - a full pallet size box can withstand a stacking load of 4 tons. It can be treated with water-resistant surface coating as well as prints, and could in many applications make for a strong, durable, cheap and lightweight alternative to wooden boards. It can be recycled after use.

Examples Of UseLight structural elements for temporary interior installations, packaging, and exhibition design


Material DataAvailable in a wide range of qualities, from very thin to extremely heavy duty and durable corrugated board; sustainable forestry is an important part of Stora Enso’s brand. Approximately 50 % strength at 93 % humidity.

ManufacturerStora Enso, www.storaenso.com

80Strong Materials80 –99

CascadePaper composite

Richlite’s Cascade product series consists primarily of paper treated with phenolic resin and baked to create a strong material. During the production cycle, the layers of paper are gradually cross-linked with each other to create solid, durable sheets. Once the curing process is complete, the structure of the product is permanent and cannot be altered. The final product is exceptionally strong and still maintains a warm and natural look.

Examples Of UseFor interiors, as a heavy-duty alternative to wood, plastics or other composites.


Material DataTensile Strength: Up to 132 MPa (oak averages 60 MPa)Density: 1,21 g/m3.

Manufacturer Richlite, www.richlite.com


PowerStructVault structuring of sheet materials

A vault-structured surface increases rigidity and stability, which means that PowerStruct components may be built up to 30 % lighter than unstructured components. It also increases thermal stability, noise reduction and glare-free light reflection. A gentle shaping process makes it possible to enhance a wide variety of materials, including sheet metals, plastics, paper and cardboard, and ensures that the surface and integrity of the material is undamaged.

Examples Of UseFaçade elements, roofing, light reflectors.


Material DataA variety of structures are available in sizes from 17–50 mm; maximum sheet thickness: 1.0 mm for steel and 1.2 mm for aluminium.

ManufacturerDr. Mirtsch GmbH, www.woelbstruktur.de


Concrete Canvas Fabric with uncured concrete

This material is a flexible cement-impregnated fabric that hardens on hydration to form a thin, durable, waterproof and fireproof concrete layer. Essentially, it is fibre reinforced concrete on a roll hardening to 80 % strength within 24 hours of being hydrated. Concrete Canvas can be draped, making it easy to construct strong, complex surfaces including double curved concrete structures.

Examples Of UseLandscaping, curving concrete surfaces, concrete shelters, or construction site preparation.


Material DataConcrete Canvas is supplied in rolls, 1.0 and 1.1 m wide, in lengths of up to 200 m and thicknesses between 5 mm, 8 mm and 13 mm.

ManufacturerConcrete Canvas, www.concretecanvas.co.uk


SplineTEX Freeform structural tubes

This composite material is derived from a flexible technique used to mould fibre reinforced plastic tubes. The construction method allows the realisation of strong double-curved spline structures of various sizes and functions but without any need of costly moulding procedures. In their flexible stage, the tubes can be easily free-formed. In their second stage, after the tubes have been hardened with resin, they can be used for structural purposes.

Examples Of UsePavilions, façades and nonlinear construction modules.


Material DataFor SplineTEX Carbon Ø 20mm. Tensile modulus: 55.000 MPa; density 1,12 g/cm³; weight 126 g pr. m; max length 5 m and min bending radius 60 mm (3xØ).

ManufacturerSuperTEX, www.supertex.at


Creative Weave Metal textiles

This material takes the shape of a wide range of flexible architectural metal meshes that may be formed into protective and aesthetic veils for buildings, walls, ceilings or floors. The textile structure is supple and adaptable, and the woven metal provides a characteristic interplay of transparency and reflection. Functioning as a transparent and permeable barrier, it may be used as a projecting screen or fitted with inter-woven LED panels as a transparent media façade without losing its high strength and durability.

Examples Of UseExterior façade screens, light filtering curtains, wall coverings and media façades.


Material DataStainless steel with a maximum width of 8 m; weatherproof, corrosion resistant and non-flammable.

ManufacturerCreative Weave GKD, www.gkd.de


Durapalm Bamboo Durable flooring

Bamboo is an attractive alternative flooring material, both because of the ease with which the fast-growing raw material can be sustainably sourced and because of its high strength, durability and resistance to moisture and insects comparable to that of hardwood. While other laminates often contain phenol resins, resulting in the off-gassing of formaldehyde, Durapalm Bamboo flooring is formaldehydefree, sustainably sourced and has a hardness equivalent to that of oak planks.

Examples Of UseAlternative to hardwood flooring.


Material DataMade from 100 % rapidly renewable bamboo. Its Janka hardness – the force required to press a 10 mm steel ball 5 mm into the material – is 6.140 kN, equivalent to white oak.

ManufacturerSmith & Fong Bamboo, www.smithfongbamboo.co.uk


Architectural Titanium High-performance skin

Titanium is a lightweight, high-strength metal used in a variety of high-end products e.g. racing cars. Commercial-grade titanium is more than twice as strong as aluminium. It is non-toxic and when exposed to atmospheric air, it forms a thin layer of highly adherent oxide film effectively protecting it against corrosion. As a façade cladding material it provides high strength and durability under any environmental conditions.

Examples Of UseFaçade cladding; strong, durable, and lightweight structures.


Material DataUltimate tensile strength of approximately 430 MPa – equivalent to low-grade steel but 45 % lighter. Available in sheets 1.2 m wide as well as coils and plates, 0.4–3 mm thick. Fully recyclable.

ManufacturerArchitectural Titanium, www.architecturaltitanium.com


FoamGlasCellular glass insulation

Foam glass is a lightweight, opaque insulation material, which, in addition to its insulating qualities, has high compression strength and durability and is water- and diffusion proof. It is produced by adding a carbon foaming agent to granulated glass, which when reaching the temperature at which the glass becomes soft enough to cohere, releases a gas, which is entrapped in the glass forming a closed-cell structure that remains after cooling – a process similar to using soda as a leavening agent in bread.

Examples Of UseFaçade insulation.


Material DataVarious products available, for instance T4: density: 120 kg/m³; thermal conductivity: 0.035 W/m.K (at 0°C); compressive strength: 0.7 MPa (7 kg/m²).

ManufacturerFoamglas Nordic AB, www.foamglas.dk


SteniPolymer composite facade panels

Steni products are a range of glass fibre-enforced polymer composite panels, with a variety of surface finishes, colours and textures from natural stone aggregate to brightly coloured, smooth surfaces of electron beam cured acrylic. Steni panels are 100 % water, moist and weather resistant, very strong and durable and suitable for exposed façades as they handle blows as well as UV radiation well.

Examples Of UseSturdy, durable façade cladding with a wide range of finishes.


Material DataStandard width: 1,195 mm; standard length: 85-3,500 mm; 25 year guarantee.

ManufacturerSteni, www.steni.com


CorianAcrylic polymer composite

Scratch-resistant, maintenance-free and completely nonporous, Corian is a highly customizable surface material well suited for extensive wear and tear as well as for environments with special hygienic requirements. Composed of acrylic polymer and alumina trihydrate, it is thermoformable at a comparatively low temperature (150°C) and can be seamlessly joined and shaped into almost any design while maintaining a perfectly solid, non-porous and non-stainable surface.

Examples Of UseInterior applications; particularly useful in environments with high hygiene standards, such as bathrooms, kitchens, laboratories or hospitals.


Material Data6 or 12 mm thick; heat resistant up to 100°C; NSF/ANSI 51 certified for food contact; available in a wide range of colors.

ManufacturerDuPont, www.dupont.com


3M VHB Structural tape

High-strength bonding tape is a proven alternative to screws, rivets, welds and other forms of mechanical fasteners. Designed for bonding glass to metal frames in glass curtain wall systems, 3M VHB structural tape consists of a two-sided pressure sensitive adhesive acrylic foam tape. Unlike screws or rivets it achieves its bonding strength by spreading the stress load across the entire length of the joint. Structural tape offers a fast and efficient method for mounting windows or façade elements.

Examples Of UseFast-build façades, temporary structures and building skins.

Similar Materials36

Material DataBonds metals, plastics and painted materials. Thickness: 0.4–1.55 mm; normal tensile strength: 0.62 MPa (0.4mm); dynamic shear strength: 0.62 MP (0.4 mm); peel adhesion: 210 N/100 mm (0.4 mm).

Manufacturer3M, www.3m.com


FibreC Fibre-reinforced concrete

Through a special extrusion process, layers of glass fibre are incorporated into a concrete matrix. Sandwiched between a top and bottom layer of scattered and undirected fibres, the middle layer is strengthened with fibre bundles, resulting in thin concrete elements with very high flexural strength. The production of these thin and light elements also allows for almost any imaginable shape, colour and surface texture.

Examples Of UseInterior and exterior cladding; flat concrete slabs in any shape.


Material DataStandard element: thickness: 13 mm; size: up to 3,600 x 1,200 mm; bending strength: > 18.5 MPa; weight per unit area: 26-31.5 kg/m².

ManufacturerRieder, www.rieder.cc


Cast Basalt Melted stone

Pouring molten basalt (at 1,300°C) into moulds of varying sizes and shapes, Eutit creates a near indestructible, high-density product that is resistant to most chemicals and non-porous, shockproof and frost-, hydrocarbon- and heatproof. As tiles, cast basalt is used for industrial floors, but it is also suitable for urban infrastructure where extreme durability is important. Cast basalt retains the characteristic iridescence of basalt in its naturally occurring form.

Examples Of UseHighly durable surfaces, industrial floors; also used for piping and sewage systems.


Material DataCompression strength: min. 300-450 MPa; bending strength: min. 45 MPa; Weight: 2,900-3,000 kg/m³.

ManufacturerEutit, www.eutit.cz


CrimetalLaminated glass with metal mesh

Manufactured from extra clear glass to emphasise the aesthetic impact of the metal mesh, Crimetal combines the visual and shading qualities of metal mesh with the air-tight climate barrier of glazing. The metal mesh may be tailored to allow exactly the required amount of light, while the glass may be either tempered or double-insulating glass. Either way Crimetal combines into one solution the strengths of both glass and metal mesh.

Examples Of UseSolar control façade systems, accented security barriers and window-integrated shading.


Material DataMeasurements, 2210 x 5,790 mm (maximum).

ManufacturerCricursa, www.cricursa.com


QISOBraided carbon fibre

This material is unique due to its triaxial braided fibre architecture and its drapability and its consistent fibre orientation. QISO is a single-layer, quasi-isotropic carbon fabric providing drastically increased damage tolerance and improved energy absorption. With its uniform geometry and perfectly balanced single layer of braid, QISO is thinner and lighter than most laminates and also reduced interlaminar stress when multiple layers of QISO are used.

Examples Of UseComposite materials for free-formed high performance surfaces where high strength is needed.


Material DataQISO medium fabric: width: 889 mm; weight: 405 g/m². QISO laminate with E862 epoxy resin: Tensile strength: 805/800MPa (longitudinal/transverse).

ManufacturerA&P Technology, www.braider.com


AlulightAluminium foam sandwich panels

Alulight panels are made purely from aluminium alloys from their cores to their metallurgically bonded cover sheets. The pure metal composition of the sandwich panels with metallurgical bonding allows them to be joined, treated and recycled like conventional aluminium. A variety of specialised alloys are available, offering specific high-end performance in areas such as damage tolerance, energy absorption and thermal and acoustic insulation.

Examples Of UseStrong, lightweight and 100 % recyclable structural panels


Material DataMeasurements: 2,500 x 1,500mm (max); total thickness: 9-80 mm; cover sheet thickness: 0.6-20 mm; example: 25 mm panel with 1.2 mm cover sheets; weight: 10.5 kg/m²; tensile strength, 120 MPa.

ManufacturerAlulight International, www.alulight.com


TECU Copper façade surfaces

TECU markets a range of copper products, some of them pre-oxidised and pre-patinised and others coated with fluoropolymer to highlight and protect their metallic shine. Common to all these products is their highly controllable and hardwearing aesthetic appearance. As testified by centuries-old green copper roofs, copper is extremely durable in any climate. 100 % recyclable.

Examples Of UseDistinctive interior and facade cladding and detailing available with varying degrees of natural patina.


Material DataSeveral alloys available, from copper and classical bronze to copper-aluminium, for instance TECU Classic; thickness: 0.6-2.0 mm; measurements: 1,250 x 3,000 mm (max); UV- and chemical resistant, easy to clean.

ManufacturerKME, www.kme.com


DuctalUltra high performance concrete

Reinforcing concrete with polymer, glass or steel fibres allows great tensile and compression strength. The concrete consists of a mix of white cement, marble powder and reinforcement fibres, and the die casting process makes it possible to produce thin shells in three-dimensional moulds. Compared to conventional concrete, fibre reinforced concrete is very dense, but its high strength and homogenous structure makes it ideal for thinner and lighter structures.

Examples Of UseLightweight and weather resistance facade systems, thin and freely shaped concrete elements.


Material DataThickness: typically 10-15 mm for façade elements and 10-30 mm for balcony floors; fibre concrete can be dyed by adding acrylic paint to the mix.

ManufacturerLafarge and Bouygues, www.ductal.com


Spectra Rope Fifteen times stronger than steel

Wound from Spectra Fiber, a bright white polyethylene fibre that performs stronger than steel, Spectra Rope is a high-strength and cut-resistant rope for use in tensioning systems of almost any size and strength. Although dense for a polyethylene product, it is still light enough to float, and it is highly resistant to chemicals, water and ultraviolet light. Furthermore, it has excellent flex fatigue and internal fibre friction characteristics. Its only weakness is a comparatively low melting point.

Examples Of UseLightweight tensioning systems


Material DataExample: Spectec-12; diameter: 3-30 mm; weight: 0.8-53.8 kg pr. 100m; tensile strength: 726-49,940 kg; density: 0.97 g pr. cm³; melting temperature: 150°C.

ManufacturerNovabraid, www.novabraid.com


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