MISCHANTHUS1

8/13/2019 MISCHANTHUS1

1/6

Vol. 29, No.3 /2009 LUCRRITIINIFICE (INMATEH)

10

TEHNOLOGIE PENTRU PROMOVAREA IN ROMNIA A PLANTEI ENERGETICE MISCANTHUS,CA SURSA REGENERABILA IN SCOPUL CRETERII COMPETITIVITIII SECURITII

ENERGETICE/

/ TE CHNO L OGY FO R PR O MOTION IN RO MA NIA OF EN ERGY CRO P MIS CA NTH US, A S

RENEWAB LE RESOURCE TO INCREASE ENERGY COM PETITIVENESS IN INDEPENDENCE

PURPOSES

Drd.ing. SoricCristian, dr.ing. Voicu Emil, drd.ing. Manea Drago, - INMA Bucureti,Karl Schweighofer - ARGE Austrian Miscanthus, Austria

Abs tr ac t: Crop of Miscanthus can be used to produceelectricity and / or thermal power plant both in large (30MW), which use thousands of tons of biomass annuallyand in small household systems that use several tons,during the winter months. By using Miscanthus'scombustion process, carbon dioxide emissions arereduced and the methane released from landfills areremoved. Given the novelty of established Miscanthus cropand agro-technical requirements, imposed on plantingMiscanthus rhizomes depending on soil conditions and

climate in our country there is in manufacturing a machinethat meets these requirements, for which the INMAdeveloped a project execution, after which he executedand tested a model of Miscanthus rhizomes Planter (MPM4). If harvesting technology directly from the feed chain tocombine because of specific cultural characteristics ofMiscanthus is required equipment that can harvest cropswith high waist and full cut (full working width). In ourcountry there are firms forage harvesters Claas (Jaguar),John Deere, New Holland, but are not equipped to meetthe requirements of Miscanthus crop harvesting. To solvethis problem INMA has designed and developed a model ofequipment for harvesting crops with high Miscanthus stemscalled EPI, which was mounted on the combine harvester

towed feed CTF-65. Also, INMA has designed a collectionmachinery Miscanthus rhizomes, ERR, was in progress ofimplementation of the experimental model, in order toexploit marketing and ensure rhizomes by genetic materialfor a new culture

K e y w o r d s : technology, Miscanthus, equipment, rhizome

1. INTRODUCTIONGreenhouse effect and global warming are already

almost universally accepted reality. Use of renewableenergy produced by the cultivation of plants that replacefossil fuels is one of the solutions to reduce theconsequences of this global threat. In 2006 the EU madean impact study (Appendix) which shows several strands inthe field of renewable resources. For the 2007 andRomania is part of the EU, must be aligned to the CommonAgricultural Policy (CAP - Common Agricultural Policy).

Study (part of the Final Report EU's 2006 energy cropsin the period 2005 to 2020) centered on energy frombiomass, which is subject to both a market analysis andthe impact of the policies followed, appears to be of greatimportance, especially in the political and economic as it isworded.

The use of biomass energy should be promoted in allbasic sectors (heating, electricity and biofuels fortransport). At least until 2010, there will be a majorcompetition for raw materials, biofuels based primarily onagricultural crops, while electricity and heat by relying

primarily on wood and waste.One renewable biomass needed to ensure bioenergy

generation and widespread in the last decades in EUcountries is the cultivation of Miscanthus, which through a

Rezumat: Cultura de Miscanthus poate fi folosit pentruproducerea energiei electrice i/sau termice att ntermocentralele mari (30 MW), care folosesc mii de tone debiomas anual, ct i n sisteme mici casnice care folosesccteva tone, n timpul lunilor de iarn. Prin utilizarea Miscanthus-ului n procesul de ardere, emisiile de dioxid de carbon suntreduse, iar cele de metan degajate din depozite sunt eliminate.Avnd n vedere caracterul de noutate al nfiinrii culturii deMiscanthus i datorit cerinelor agrotehnice impuse privindplantarea rizomilor de Miscanthus n funcie de condiiile de soli

clim, n ara noastr nu exist n fabricaie o main care sndeplineasc aceste cerine, fapt pentru care INMA a elaborat unproiect de execuie, dupcare s-a executati ncercat un modelexperimental de mainde plantat rizomi de Miscanthus (MPM4). n cazul tehnologiei de recoltare direct din lan cu combina defuraje, datoritcaracteristicilor specifice culturii de Miscanthus estenecesar un echipamentcare spoat recoltaculturi cu talienaltitiere integral(pe toatlimea de lucru). n ara noastrexistcombine de recoltat furaje ale firmelor CLAAS (JAGUAR), JOHNDEERE, NEW HOLLAND, dar nu sunt dotate cu echipamentecare s ndeplineasc cerinele de recoltare a culturilor deMiscanthus. Pentru rezolvarea acestei probleme INMA a proiectati realizat un model experimental de echipament pentru recoltatculturi cu tulpini nalte de Miscanthus denumit EPI, care s-a montat

pe combina tractat de recoltat furaje CTF-65. De asemenea,INMA a proiectat un echipament tehnic de recoltare a rizomilor deMiscanthus, ERR, aflat n stadiul de execuie a modeluluiexperimental, n vedereavalorificrii rizomilor prin comercializareiasigurrii materialului genetic pentru o noucultur.

Cuvinte cheie: tehnologie, Miscanthus, echipament, rizomi

1. INTRODUCEREEfectul de ser i nclzirea global sunt deja realitati

aproape unanim acceptate. Utilizarea de resurse regenerabileobinute prin cultivarea de plante energetice care nlocuiesccombustibilii fosili reprezintuna din soluiile reducerii consecineloracestui pericol global. n anul 2006 Uniunea Europeana efectuatun studiu de impact (ANEXA) din care rezultcteva direcii deaciune n domeniul resurselor regenerabile. Fiindcdin 2007 iRomnia este parte a UE, trebuie s se alinieze la politicaagricol comun (CAP Common Agricultural Policy).

Studiul (parte a Raportului Final UE 2006 referitor laculturile energetice in perioada 2005 2020) centrat peenergia obinut din biomasa, care constituie obiectul att aunei analize de piact i a impactului produs de politicileurmate, apare ca avnd o mare importan, mai ales n cadrulpolitici economic n care este cuprins.

Utilizarea biomasei trebuie promovat n toate sectoareleenergetice de baz (nclzire, electricitate i biocombustibilipentru transport). Cel puin pn n 2010, nu va exista ocompetiie major pentru materia prim, biocombustibiliibazndu-se n principal pe culturile agricole, pe cnd electricitatea

i nclzirea bazndu-se n principal pe lemni deeuri.Una dintre sursele regenerabile care asigur biomasanecesar generrii bioenergiei, larg raspndita n ultimiledecenii n rile UE este cultura de Miscanthus, care prin


2/6


11

series of recovery provides economic benefits, butespecially on the environment. This can be used toproduce electricity and / or thermal power plant both inlarge (30 MW), which use thousands of tons of biomassannually and in small household systems that use several tons,during the winter months. By using Miscanthus's combustionprocess, carbon dioxide emissions are reduced and themethane released from landfills are removed.

2. MISCANTHUS CROP TECHNOLOGY- Rotation

Because of the perennial, Miscanthus does not enter therotation, but is grown extensively in some soils lesssuitable for other crops, which remain 15-20 years.Perennial crops have the advantage that it reduces thecost of land preparation and planting. Miscanthus's goingwell as any plant growing. After harvesting the plant seed,with approx. 3-4 weeks before the ground work isrecommended herbicide total area to be planted with atotal herbicide (eg glyphosate) for controlling perennialweeds.- Fertilization

Miscanthus has a high capacity link for the recovery ofsoil fertility and a high capacity for recycling of largequantities of fertilizers by rhizomes. Stored maturerhizomes more fertilizer than plants need, so after twovegetative cycles are required only small quantities offertilizer to be applied additional.

In establishing the holding is required, depending on theinitial supply of soil, 25 kg/ha P2O5, 50 ... 60 kg/ha K2Oand 150 kg/ha N.- Soil worksBy preparing land for cultivation of Miscanthus is intendedprimarily raising deeper allowing good root systemdevelopment, to promote the development ofmicroorganisms in soil and in dry regions, to be stored andto reserve large quantities water. For it is recommended

that before the work of plowing to do a subsolaj fordecompacting arable layer and plowing to run in lateautumn at a depth of 20...25 cm and winter to leave thefurrow cruel. It is advisable to have deeper because in thiscase would form rhizomes too deep, which would delayemergence. Spring plowing is working just before theplantation, only the grower, to a depth of 8 ... 10cm.-Planting material and planting of the crop Miscanthus

Miscanthus site is a perennial herb which is sterile, justmultiply by vegetative, by dividing the rhizomes. Rhizomeswere irregularly shaped bronze color, with pronouncedswelling and even branches, their thickness varying from 7to 12 mm. For planting in the field using young rhizomes(up to three years), healthy, without wrinkle or mechanical

injury, length 15 cm and weight 10 ... 40 ... 60 g, with atleast 3-4 buds viable.Distance of planting varies with soil fertility. Strains

growing on fertile soils high, it is recommended distance100/100 cm (10000 plants/ha) on the medium 50/100 cm(15000 plants/ha.), and those poor 50/50 cm (20000plants/ha).

Planting depth varies with time of planting and soilnature. On 8 cm and soil compactness on the sand 10 cm.- Maintenance works

Application of nitrogen fertilizer in spring (50 ... 60 kg/ha) is thesecond year of vegetation very early, immediately afterharvesting, for immediate start in growing plants receive nitrogenadministered.

Weed control in crop Miscanthus can be made with

combinations of herbicides preemergent and postemergent,based on:

- pendimethalin + 2,4 D

valorificare asiguro serie de avantaje economice, dar mai alesasupra mediului. Aceasta poate fi folosit pentru producereaenergiei electrice i/sau termice att n termocentralele mari (30MW +), care folosesc mii de tone de biomas anual, ct i nsisteme mici casnice care folosesc cteva tone, n timpul lunilorde iarn. Prin utilizarea Miscanthus-ului n procesul de ardere,emisiile de dioxid de carbon sunt reduse, iar cele de metandegajate din depozite sunt eliminate.

2. TEHNOLOGIA CULTURII DE MISCANTHUS- Rotaia

Din cauza caracterului de perenitate, Miscanthus-ul nuintrn asolament, ci se cultivextensiv pe anumite soluri maipuin indicate pentru alte culturi, unde ramne 15-20 ani.Cultura peren prezint avantajul c se reduc cheltuielile depregtire a terenuluii de plantare. Miscanthus-ul merge binedup orice plant de cultur. Dup recoltarea planteipremergtoare, cu cca. 3-4 sptmni nainte de efectuarealucrrilor solului se recomanderbicidarea ntregii suprafeece urmeaza fi plantatcu un erbicid total (ex. glyphosate)pentru combaterea buruienilor perene.- Fertilizarea

Miscanthus-ul are o capacitate ridicat de valorificare a

fertilitii solului precumi o capacitate foarte bunde reciclare aunor importante cantiti de ngrminte prin rizomi. Rizomiimaturi depoziteaza mai multe ngrminte dect au nevoieplantele, astfel dupdoucicluri vegetative sunt necesare doarcantiti mici de ngrminte pentru a fi aplicate adiional.

La nfiinarea exploataiei sunt necesare, n funcie deaprovizionarea iniial a solului, 25 kg/ha P2O5, 50...60kg/ha K2Oi 150 kg/ha N.- Lucrrile solului

Prin pregtirea terenului destinat culturii de Miscanthus seurmrete n primul rnd o afnare mai profund care s permit obundezvoltare a sistemului radicular, sfavorizeze dezvoltareamicroorganismelor din sol, iar n regiunile mai secetoase, s senmagazinezei sse rezerve cantiti mai mari de ap. Pentru

aceasta este recomandabil ca naintea lucrarii de arat s se faca olucrare de subsolaj care s decompacteze stratul arabil, iar arturas se execute la sfritul toamnei la adncimea de 20...25 cm i sse lase peste iarnn brazda crud. Nu este recomandabil sseare mai adnc pentru cnacest caz rizomii s-ar forma prea adnc,ceea ce ar ntrzia rsrirea. Primvara artura se lucreaz imediatnaintea plantatului, doarcu cultivatorul, la adncimea de8...10cm.

- Materialul de plantati plantarea culturii de MiscanthusMiscanthus-ul este o planta ierboasa peren care, fiind

steril, se nmulete doar pe cale vegetativ, prin divizarearizomilor. Rizomii de culoare bronzatau forme neregulate, cuprotuberane i chiar ramificaii pronunate, grosimea lorvariind ntre 7i 12 mm. Pentru plantare n cmp se folosescrizomi tineri (cel mult de trei ani), sntoi, frzbrcituri sau

vtmari mecanice, cu lungimea de 10..15 cm i greutateade 40...60 g, avnd cel puin 3-4 muguri viabili.Distana de plantare variaz cu fertilitatea solului. Pe

solurile fertile tulpinile crescnd nalte, se recomanddistana de 100/100 cm (10000 plante/ha), pe cele mijlocii50/100 cm (15000 plante la ha.), iar pe cele sarace 50/50cm (20000 plante la ha).

Adncimeadeplantare variaz cu timpul de plantare i cunaturasolului. Pesolurilemai compacte8 cm i pe celenisipoase 10 cm.

- Lucrri de ntreinereAplicarea ngrmintelor azotate primvara (50...60 kg/ha)se face din al doilea an vegetativ foarte timpuriu, imediat duprecoltat, pentru ca imediat la pornirea n vegetaie plantele sbeneficieze de azotul administrat.

Combaterea buruienilor din cultura de Miscanthus se poateface cu combinaii de erbicide preemergente ipostemergente, pe bazde:pendimethalin + 2,4 D


3/6


12

- pendimethalin + dicambapendimethalin/atrazin + 2,4 D- pendimethalin/atrazin + dicamba- S - metolachlor + 2,4 D- S - metolachlor + dicamba- S - metolachlor/atrazin + 2,4 D- S - metolachlor/atrazin + dicamba

Herbicide treatments are done in spring, the beginning of

vegetation to control any weeds early.- HarvestingHarvesting Miscanthus site is in February when the strainsreached an optimum moisture content of 15%.

pendimethalin + dicambapendimethalin/atrazin + 2,4 Dpendimethalin/atrazin + dicambaS - metolachlor + 2,4 DS - metolachlor + dicambaS - metolachlor/atrazin + 2,4 DS - metolachlor/atrazin + dicambaTratamentele de erbicidare se fac primvara, la nceputul

vegetaiei, pentru combaterea eventualelor buruieni timpurii.-RecoltareaRecoltarea Miscanthus-ului se face n luna februarie cndtulpinile au ajuns la o umiditate optimde 15%.

Calendar of agricultural worksC al endar ul l uc r r i l or agr i c ol e

StageEtapa

YearAnul

PeriodPerioada

ActivityActivitatea

PREPARING WORKSLUCRRI

PREGTITOARE

Advanceyear

A n

pr em er gto r

Sept. Dec.

- Administration of organic fertilizers- Administrarea de ngrminte organice- Autumn-plowing at 25 cm- Arturde toamn, la 25 cm

Ian.Mar. Apr.Mar. Apr.

- The application of herbicides to control perennialweeds, since January 15.-Aplicarea de erbicide pentru combaterea buruienilorperene, ncepnd cu 15 Ian.- Prepare the germinative bed-Pregtirea patului germinativ- Planting-Plantare

1

Apr. MaiApr. Mai

- Administration of chemical fertilizers, if necessary-Administrarea de ngrminte chimice, dacestenecesar-The application of herbicides when the plant exceeds 1m- Aplicarea de erbicide cnd planta depete 1 m

Note: The first year usually are not harvestedNot: n primul an, de obicei nu se recolteaz

ESTABLISHMENT OFCROP +

MAINTENANCENFIINAR EA

CULTURII +

NTREINERE

2 Apr. Mai

Apr. Mai

- Administration of chemical fertilizers, if necessary-Administrarea de ngrminte chimice, dacestenecesar-The application of herbicides when the plant exceeds 1m- Aplicarea de erbicide cnd planta depete 1 m

Feb. Mar.Feb. Mar.

- Harvest-Recoltare- Storage-Depozitare

HARVEST +MAINTENANCERECOLTARE +

NTREINERE

312

Apr. Aug.

-Monitoring of crop and application of fertilizer, ifnecessary

-Monitorizarea culturiii aplicarea de ngrminte, daceste necesar

Analyzing the work of the technology of cultivation,maintenance and harvesting of crops Miscanthus, it isfound that the majority may be made to existing machinesin operation, except for planting, harvesting stems andharvesting of Miscanthus rhizomes. Because of the noveltyof the technology of crop establishment and harvesting ofMiscanthus, in our country there was no machinery for thistechnology, INMA has designed and developed anexperimental model for machine planted rhizome, a cropharvesting equipment and equipment with high strain theharvested rhizomes.

Analiznd lucrrile din cadrul tehnologiei de cultivare,ntreinere i recoltare a culturilor de Miscanthus, seconstat c majoritatea se pot efectua cu mainileexistente n exploatare, cu excepia plantrii, recoltriitulpinilor si recoltrii rizomilor de Miscanthus. Datoritcaracterului de noutate al tehnologiei de nfiinare irecoltare a culturilor de Miscanthus, n ara noastrneexistndechipamente tehnice destinate acestei tehnologii, INMA aproiectat i realizat modelul experimental pentru o maindeplantat rizomi, un echipament de recoltat culturi cu tulpininaltei un echipament pentru recoltat rizomi.

3. TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR THE WORKSMECHANIZATION INSIDE THE ESTABLISHMENT ANDHARVESTING TECHNOLOGY OF MISCANTHUS CROP3.1 Miscanthus Planter rhizomes called MPM 4

3. ECHIPAMENTE TEHNICE PENTRU MECANIZAREALUCRRILOR DIN CADRUL TEHNOLOGIEI DE NFIINAREI RECOLTARE A CULTURILOR DE MISCANTHUS3.1 Maina de plantat rizomi de Miscanthus denumitMPM 4


4/6


13

Miscanthus Planter MPM 4 working aggregate of 65HP wheeled tractors equipped with hydraulic lift category 2according to SR ISO 730-1 + C1. This technology is usedin the cultivation of Miscanthus establishment.

Miscanthus Planter(Fig. 1) consists of: frame machine,a whole section of plants; bullets left/right, wheel left/right,supports welded, the share holders of the latter markers.

Maina de plantat Miscanthus MPM 4 lucreazn agregat cutractoarele de 65 CP pe roi prevzute cu ridictoare hidraulice decategoria 2 conform SR ISO 730-1+C1. Aceasta se utilizeazncadrul tehnologiei pentru nfiinarea culturii de Miscanthus.

Maina de plantat Miscanthus(fig. 1) se compune din: cadrumain; ansamblu secie de plantat; marcatori stnga / dreapta; roistnga/dreapta;suportsudat;dispozitivacionaremarcatoaredeurm.

- Right front side view - left lateral side view -- vedere lateraldreapta fa - vedere lateralstnga

Fig. 1. Miscanthus Planter MPM 4 /Maina de plantat Miscanthus MPM 4

Main technical characteristics:The main technical characteristics of Miscanthus plantermachine MPM 4:- Used Tractor, HP 65- Working width, m 2.8 ... 4- Working depth, cm 8 ... 12- Distance between rows, mm 700 ... 1000- No. the planted rows, pcs. 4- Overall dimensions- Length, mm 1520- Width, mm 4200

- Height, mm 2780OperationIn the moving car plow-share section (type patina) open

trench where rhizomes are placed by operators through atube oval. Soil removed the patina will pour over therhizome and they will be pressured over the second metalwheels arranged in V thereby creating suitable conditionsfor germination.

3.2 Equipment for harvesting crops with high straincalled EPI

Equipment for harvesting plants waist high EPI (Fig. 2)is intended to operate Trailed fodder combine aggregateCTF harvesting crops with high strains (Miscanthus,sorghum, corn silage, Sudan grass) realized the full cuttingwidth thing. In the process of work, EPI equipment out ofthe chain cutting plants and directs them to combine

working bodies performing mass shredding and loadingchopped a means of transportation (trailer) moving parallelto combine or be towed by it.

Principalele caracteristici tehnice:Principalele caracteristici tehnice ale mainii de plantat

Miscanthus MPM 4:- Tractor folosit, CP 65- Lime de lucru, m 2,84- Adncime de lucru, cm 812- Distanntre rnduri, mm 7001000- Nr. de rnduri plantate, buc. 4- Dimensiuni de gabarit

- Lungime, mm 1520- Lime, mm 4200- nlime, mm 2780

FuncionareLa punerea n micare a mainii brzdarul seciei (de tip

patin) deschide rigola unde vor fi introdui rizomii, de ctreoperatori, printr-un tub oval. Solul ndeprtat de ctre patinse va revrsa peste rizomi i va fi presat peste acetia dectre dou roi metalice dispuse in V crendu-se astfelcondiii corespunztoare de germinaie.

3.2 Echipament de recoltat culturi cu tulpini naltedenumit EPI

Echipamentul pentru recoltat plante cu talie naltEPI (fig. 2)este destinat slucreze n agregat cu combina tractatde furajeCTF pentru recoltarea culturilor cu tulpini nalte, (miscanthus,sorg, porumb siloz, iarbde sudan) realiznd tierea integralpelimea de lucru. n procesul de lucru, echipamentul EPIrealizeaztierea plantelor din lani le dirijeazspre organele de

lucru ale combinei care execut tocarea i ncrcarea maseitocate ntr-un mijloc de transport (remorc) care sedeplaseazparalel cu combina sau este tractat de aceasta.

- lateral front side view - - front view -- vedere lateralfa - - vedere frontal -Fig. 2. Equipment for harvesting crops with high strain called EPI /

Echipamentul pentru recoltat plante cu talie naltEPI


5/6


14

Dimensional and structural characteristics- Type of equipment carried;- Constructive working width, m 1.6;- Number of rotor teeth 2;- Speed rotor teeth, rpm 46,16- Type cutting device rotating disc;- Number of knives 2;- Rotor diameter, mm 800;

- Knife rotor speed, rpm 288.5- Dimensions:- length, mm 1780;- width, mm 1730;- height, mm 1350

Caracteristici dimensionalei constructive-Tipul echipamentului, purtat;-Limea constructivde lucru, m 1,6;-Numrul rotoarelor cu dini 2;-Turaia rotorului cu dini, rot/min 46,16-Tipul aparatului de tiere cu disc rotativ;-Numrul de cuite 2;-Diametrul rotorului, mm 800;

-Turaia rotorului cu cuit, rot/min 288,5-Dimensiuni de gabarit:- lungimea, mm 1780;- limea, mm 1730;- nlimea, mm 1350;

Operation

During working combine harvester equipped withequipment for plants with high waist EPI, is coupled to thetractor drawbar tractors with power 65 -100 HP. Duringwork, the tractor is moving to combine left side and movingequipment working with entire width of the crop to beharvested.

By sending the unit in the crop to be harvested, the chain

guides deviators plants in area of the cutting device to cutout the chain planes. Subsequently plants were taken fromthe rotors with teeth and due to rotational movement oftheir plants are transported equipment and pushed backinto the power of combining rollers. Further fall in thetechnological plants of the combine where they arechopped forage chopping down the length (length ofshredding is adjustable in steps of 8 mm to 30 mm), wherethey are loaded onto a means of transportation (trailer) thatcan be towed to combine.

The operation of working bodies of the combine andPPE equipment is via the PTO of the tractor, with speedn=540 rpm through a cardan transmission fitted withoverload protection coupling. Coupling and decoupling ofrotational movement of the working bodies of the combine,is made by the tractor, the tractor cab, by coupling oruncoupling PTO.

The coupling of equipment to combine the same withthe other equipment that is equipped combines andcoupling and decoupling of the combination is easy and byone person.

3.3 The technical equipment for harvesting Miscanthusrhizomes ERR (Fig. 3), the carried type, working in theaggregate 70 ... 80 HP tractors equipped with three-pointsuspension mechanisms of category 2 according to SRISO 730-1 + C1.

The process of displacement is raising deep soilwithout returning it, destroying the links between soil and

rhizomes and push them up the grates cusp, whichseparates the sifting of impurities and ground rhizomesand leaves the soil in furrow, to be loaded means oftransport.

Funcionare

n timpul lucrului combina echipat cu echipamentulpentru recoltat plante cu talia nalt EPI, este cuplat labara de traciune a tractoarelor pe roi, cu puterea de 65 -100 CP. n timpul lucrului, tractorul se deplaseaz lateralstnga fa de combin, iar echipamentul se deplaseazcu toatlimea de lucru a n lanul ce trebuie recoltat.

Prin naintarea agregatului n lanul ce trebuie recoltat,

deviatoarele de lan dirijeaz plantele n zona de lucru aaparatului de tiere care realizeaztierea planelor din lan. ncontinuare plantele sunt preluate de rotoarele cu dini, iar datoritmicrii de rotaie a acestora plantele sunt transportate nspatele echipamentului i mpinse nspre valurile de alimentare acombinei. n continuare plantele intr n fluxul tehnologic alcombinei de furaje unde sunt tocate la lungimea de tocarestabilit(lungimea de tocare se poate regla n trepte de la 8mm la 30 mm), dup care sunt ncrcate ntr-un mijloc detransport (remorc) care poate fi tractat de combin.

Acionarea organelor de lucru ale combineii echipamentuluiEPI se realizeazde la priza de putere a tractorului, cu turaia n=540 rot/min prin intermediul unei transmisii cardaniceprevzutcu cuplaj de protecie la suprasarcin. Cuplarea idecuplarea micrii de rotaie a organelor de lucru alecombinei, se face de ctre tractorist, din cabina tractorului,prin cuplarea sau decuplarea prizei de putere.Sistemul de cuplare al echipamentului pe combina esteacelai cu al celorlalte echipamente cu care este dotatcombina, iar cuplarea i decuplarea de pe combinse faceuori de ctre o singurpersoan.

3.3 Echipamentul tehnic de recoltare a rizomilor deMiscanthus ERR(fig. 3), de tip purtat, lucreazn agregatcu tractoarele de 70...80 CP pe roi prevzute cumecanisme de suspendare n trei puncte de categoria 2conform SR ISO 730-1+C1.

Procesul de dislocare const n afnarea adnc asolului fr ntoarcerea acestuia, distrugerea legturilor

dintre sol i rizomi i mpingerea n sus a acestora ctregrtarele oscilante, care prin cernere separ rizomii deimpuriti i pmnt i i laspe sol n brazd, urmnd a fincrcai n mijloace de transport.

Fig. 3Equipment for harvesting Miscanthus rhizomes, ERREchipament pentru recoltarea rizomilor de Miscanthus, ERR


6/6


15

Main technical characteristicsof the equipment are:- Type of equipment carried- The power of the tractor in aggregate, HP 70 ... 80- Working width, m 1.2- Working depth, cm max. 25- The drive toseparation carrier hydraulic- Overall dimensions, mm

- Width 2090

Length 1590- Height 1395

- Ground clearance, mm 350- Weight, kg 565Operation

Equipment running operation of displacement ofMiscanthus rhizomes in the soil mass and their separationfrom soil. The process of displacement is raising deep soilwithout returning it, destroying the links between soil andrhizomes and push them up the grates cusp, whichseparates the sifting of impurities and ground rhizomesand leaves the soil in furrow, to be loaded means oftransport.

The technical equipment includes new solutions related

to the plow-share of displaced and out of Miscanthusrhizomes separator eccentric and eccentric oscillatingmechanism for the drive. Technical and technologicalsolutions adopted in the preparation of documentation forthe execution of technical equipment are modern socomply, in terms of essential requirements for safety andhealth, European directives, namely: Directive ofMachinery 98/37/CEE. However, technical equipmentensures superior qualitative parameters work and includessolutions that gives safety in operation, maintenance,adjustment simple and operated by a single controller(operator).4. CONCLUSIONS

According to scenarios Scheduled EU is likely thatMiscanthus is one of the major contributors to

renewable energy mix of the future. Miscanthus as a renewable resource produces a

large amount of dry matter per hectare hasincreased peren, efficient nitrogen use, waterand other resources and is resistant to disease.

Harvested Miscanthus stems can be used both asfuel for direct production of heat or electricity andheat and its conversion into other useful productssuch as biogas, bioethanol or to manufactureboards for building insulation.

Romania as part of the European Union willparticipate in efforts toward independence fromfossil fuels and reduce greenhouse effect.

Experimental models made by INMA will be tested inlaboratory conditions and mining plants of

Miscanthus rhizomes, stems that dry Miscanthusharvested to determine the qualitative indicators andoperational work. Following final tests will be thetechnological requirements of these experimentalmodels and will complete the technical andeconomic requirements of the technology in ourcountry growing culture of Miscanthus.

Bibliografie/References1. Voicu E., Nicolescu M., Cociu A., Paraschiv G.,Contractnr. 21-038/14.09.2007, Studiu de fundamentare tehnico-tiinific pentru importana introducerii n Romnia aculturii plantei energetice Miscanthus;Elaborare tehnologiepentru nfiinare, ntreinere i recoltare a culturii deMiscanthus i proiectare ME pentru echipamente tehnicede mecanizare;Proiectare ME pentru echipamente tehnice

pentru: main pentru plantat rizomi de Miscanthus,echipament pentru recoltat tulpini uscate de Miscanthus;Realizare modele experimentale; INMA Bucureti;

Principalelecaracteristici tehnice aleechipamentului tehnic sunt:- Tipul echipamentului purtat- Puterea tractorului din agregat, CP 70...80- Limea de lucru, m 1,2- Adncimea de lucru, cm max. 25- Modul de acionare atransportorului de separare hidraulic- Dimensiuni de gabarit, mm

- Lime 2090

- Lungime 1590- nlime 1395

- Garda la sol, mm 350- Masa, kg 565Funcionare

Echipamentul execut operaia de dislocare a rizomilorde Miscanthus din masa de sol i separarea acestora depmnt. Procesul de dislocare const n afnarea adnca solului fr ntoarcerea acestuia, distrugerea legturilordintre sol i rizomi i mpingerea n sus a acestora ctregrtarele oscilante, care prin cernere separ rizomii deimpuriti i pmnt i i laspe sol n brazd, urmnd a fincrcai n mijloace de transport.

Echipamentul tehnic conine soluii noi legate de

brzdarul de dislocat i scos rizomii de Miscanthus,separatorul cu excentric i mecanismul oscilant cuexcentric pentru de antrenare. Soluiile tehnice itehnologice adoptate la elaborarea documentaiei deexecuie a echipamentului tehnic sunt moderne astfel nctrespect, din punct de vedere al cerin elor eseniale desecuritate i de sntate, directivele europene, respectiv:Directiva de Maini 98/37/CEE. Totodat, echipamentultehnic asigur parametrii calitativi de lucru superiori iconine soluii care i confer siguran n exploatare,ntreinere, reglaje simplei uor de exploatat de ctre unsingur operator (tractoristul).4. CONCLUZII Conform cu scenariile prevzute de UE, este probabil

ca Miscanthusul s fie unul din contributorii majori la

mix-ul energetic regenerabil al viitorului. Miscanthus, ca resurs regenerabil produce o

cantitate mare de substan uscat la hectar, are ocretere peren, utilizeaz eficient azotul, apa i alteresursei este rezistent la boli.

Tulpinile recoltate de Miscanthus pot fi utilizate att sub formde combustibil pentru producerea directde cldur, sau decurent electrici cldur, cti pentru conversia acestuia nalte produse utile cum sunt biogazul, bioetanolul sau pentrufabricarea de plci izolatoare termice pentru cldiri.

Romnia ca parte integrant a Uniunii Europene va participala eforturile pentru obinerea independenei fa decombustibilii fosilii pentru diminuarea efectului de ser.

Modelele experimentale realizate de INMA vor fi ncercate n

condiii de laborator i exploatare la plantat rizomi deMiscanthus, respectiv recoltat tulpini uscate de Miscanthus nvederea determinrii indicilor calitativi de lucru i deexploatare. n urma ncercrilor se vor definitiva cerineletehnologice ale acestor modele experimentale i se vordefinitiva cerinele tehnico-economice ale tehnologiei decultivare nara noastra culturii de Miscanthus.

2. Soric C., Voicu E., Contractul nr.: 15N/27.02.2009,Proiectul: PN 09-15.02.01: Dezvoltarea unei tehnologii devalorificare a rizomilor de Miscanthus n vedereaeficientizrii nfiinrii acestei culturi energetice, Faza: 2:Elaborarea documentaiei de execuie ME de echipamenttehnic de recoltare a rizomilor de Miscanthus n vedereapromovrii culturilor de plante energetice.

Documents

MISCHANTHUS1