cnobili qarTveli mwerali, publicisti da sazogado moRvawe mixeil javaxiS-

vili (adamaSvili) 1880 wlis 8 noembers borCalos mazraSi, arafriT gamorCeul pa-

tara sofel weraqvSi daibada, sakmaod mdidari da SeZlebuli glexis, saba adama -

Svilis ojaxSi.

borCalo, anu istoriuli qvemo qarTli, Tbilisis samxreTiT mdebareobs da

mdinareebis algeTisa da xramis xeobebs moicavs. am kuTxes adre TrialeT-sabara-

Tianosac uwodebdnen, radgan aqauroba erT-erTi uZlieresi da uZvelesi qarTu-

li safeodalo saxlis – baraTaSvilebis samkvidro da samflobelo iyo. lelva-

ris mTidan moyolebuli, mixeil javaxiSvilis mSobliuri soflis, weraqvisa da

legendaruli istoriuli soflis, marabdis, CaTvliT vidre TrialeTamde. Tavad

baraTaSvilebis saTavado dinastias ki didma baraTa orbelianma daudo saTave.

qvemo qarTli, istoriuli sabaraTiano, romelic ruseTis imperiis dros bor-

Calos mazrad iqca, mixeil javaxiSvilis garda kidev ori Semoqmedis – mefe erekle

meoris SviliSvilis, general grigol orbelianisa da nikoloz baraTaSvilis sam-

Sobloc iyo.

mixeil javaxiSvili

didi qarTvelebi

beqa qurxuli

52

mixeil javaxiSvilis mama, saba adamaSvili, im droisTvis sakmaod SeZlebuli ada-

miani iyo. sxvaTa Soris, adamaSvilebis warmoSobaze, romelic mixeil javaxiSvilis

namdvili gvari iyo, arsebobs versia, rom isini warmoSobiT qiziyeli, kerZod ki,

bodbisxeveli vinme adam toklikiSvilis STamomavlebi arian. Tumca es mxolod ver-

siaa da raime konkretuli dokumenturi masaliT ar aris dadasturebuli.

asea Tu ise, saba adamaSvili, rogorc Cans, Zalian zrunavda Tavisi vaJis ganaT-

lebaze. rva wlidan mixeili privolnoes rusul skolaSi miabares, ris Sedegadac

mas qarTuli TiTqmis sul gadaaviwyda. axla Zneli

warmosadgenia, rom erT-erT pirvel qarTvel roma-

nists, brwyinvale moqarTules, stilists da genia-

lur prozaikoss, faqtobrivad zrdasrul asakSi Tavi-

dan mouwia qarTuli enis Seswavla. amis Semdeg mixeil

javaxiSvili 1893 wels winamZRvrianTkarSi didi ilia

winamZRvriSvilis daarsebul sameurneo skolaSi mia-

bares. damtvreulma, rusulkilodakrulma qarTulma

mas ramdenjerme sakmao usiamovneba SeamTxvia, radgan

ilia winamZRvriSvili ilia WavWavaZis megobari da Ta-

namoazre gaxldaT da Zalian ufrTxildeboda yove-

live qarTuls, gansakuTrebiT ki – qarTul enas. mix-

eil javaxiSvili Tavis publicistur werilSi `ilia

WavWavaZe~ ixsenebs:

mixeil javaxiSvili

mixeil jevaxiSvili

mixeil javaxiSvilis mSobliuri sofeli weraqvi

mixeil javaxiSvilis bavSvobis saxli weraqvSi 53

`Cveni skolisTvis tradiciad iyo gadaq-

ceuli, rom skolis ukanaskneli klasis

mowafeni ilias dRes (20 ivliss) aucileb-

lad unda daswrebodnen. im dRes diliT ga-

lobaSi erTxel kidev vivarjiSeT, sufTad

CavicviT da saguramosken gavwieT. ilia Wav-

WavaZesTan gadaRebuli fotosuraTi axlac

win midevs. sul 32 moswavle daviTvale. win

maswavlebeli Tedo megreliSvili migviZR-

vis. mas momReralTa gundi mosdevs. xuTi-

ode kilometric gaviareTY da ilias saxls

rom mivuaxlovdiT, mgzavrulis kiloze mi-

sive leqsi davZaxeT:

`qarTvelo xeli xmals ikar,

dRe gaTenda didebisa,

Tof-iaraRi aisxi,

dro modis gamarjvebisa~.

win ilia mogvegeba, gars SemovexvieT da simRera davasruleT. ilias gaocebuli

Sevcqerodi. Cven win Suatanis 57 wlis kaci idga – sruli, pirsavse, WaRaraSereu-

li. ilia gviRimoda, gvealerseboda, vinaobas gvekiTxeboda. merme win gagviZRva da

xalxiT savse ezoSi Segviyvana. Cveni gamokiTxva didxans gagrZelda. rigi Cemze mo-

vi da. im skolaSi borCaloeli Cem meti aravin yofiliyo. es ilias gauxarda. maswav-

lebelma megreliSvilma Semarcxvina da ilias Cemi nakli uCurCula.

_ aba, baraTaSvilis leqsi wagvikiTxe! – miTxra iliam. meti gza ar iyo, windawinve

gavwiTldi da daviwye:

`morbis aragvi aragviani,

Tan misZaxian mTani tyianni~.

maxvili ise namdvili rusuli wesiT vixmare, iliam gaicina. arc sxvebi CamorCe-

nilan. me mewyina da maSinve gavCumdi. iliam Tavze xeli gadamisva da damawynara.

viRacam uTxra Cemze: qarTuli ar exerxeba, magram mwer-

lobas ise bejiTad swavlobs da ise wers Txzulebas, rom

mwerali unda gamovideso.

_ marTla? aba Sen ici, – miTxra iliam, – vinZlo ar Seg-

varcxvino~.

saerTod, mixeil javaxiSvilis da ilia WavWavaZis pir-

veli Sexvedra ukanaskneli ar yofila da am ori udide-

si qarTveli mwerlis da moRvawis gzebi, romlebic ro-

gorc msoflmxedvelobiT, aseve tragikuli aRsasruliT

Zalian hgavdnen erTmaneTs, kidev ramdenjerme gadai-

kveTeba.mixeil javaxiSvili (marjvniv) ZmasTan erTad (mesame piri ucnobia)

winamZRvrianTkaris saswavleblis moswavle mixeil javaxiSvili `iliaobaze~, 1896 wlis 20 ivlisi

didi qarTvelebi

54

winamZRvrianTkaris sameurneo saswav-

leblis Semdeg 17 wlis mixeili mamamisma

yirimSi, ialtis sameurneo skolaSi gag-

zavna swavlis gasagrZeleblad.

swored ialtaSi gaigo mixeil javaxi-

Svilma Tavisi uaRresad tragikuli cxov-

rebisa da biografiis pirveli saSineli

ambavi. 1899 wlis damlevs maT saxls me-

zoblebi daecnen da deda da da moukles.

es iyo dartyma, romelmac mixeil javaxi-

Svilis mTel darCenil cxovrebas udide-

si daRi daamCnia da mTeli sicocxlis gan-

mavlobaSi sisxlian iarad gahyva, Tumca

arc SemdgomSi mohklebia faTeraki, xifa-

Ti Tu gansacdeli da misi tragikuli aR-

sasrulic albaT Zalian simboluri da niSandoblivi finali iyo mTeli misi ganv-

lili gzisa. Tanac maSin, rodesac ukve aRiarebuli mwerali gaxldaT da cocxal

klasikosad iyo Seracxuli.

Tavad mixeil javaxiSvili Tavis ojaxze damtydar tragedias ase aRgviwers:

`1899 wlis damlevs Cvens saxls mezoblebi daecnen Cemi umcrosi dis, sofios, mo-

taceba undodaT. mamaCemi Sin ar iyo. qalebi gauZaliandnen. brZolis dros im mxe-

cebma Cemi dac mohkles, dedac da Cveni mojamagirec. mamaCemi aTeisti iyo, magram

am ubedurebam ise mostexa, Zveli eklesiis ganaxlebas didZali fuli daaxarja da

erTi wlis Semdeg TviTonac gardaicvala. aman imdenad imoqmeda Cemze, rom 1902

wels iqaurobas Tavi davanebe da mas aqeT im sofelSi erTxelac aRar mivsulvar~.

amis Semdeg mixeil javaxiSvilma debedas xeobaSi, alaverdis spilenZis qarxa-

naSi daiwyo muSaoba, magram imis miuxedavad, rom sakmaod maRali jamagiri hqonda

da materialurad uzrunvelyofili iyo, erTi wlis Semdeg samsaxurs Tavi daaneba,

TbilisSi gadmovida da literaturul saqmianobas Seudga.

`Tavdapirvelad Zalian gamiWir-

da, magram mainc damZlia kulturu-

li muSaobis survilma. noembris erT

RameSi moTxroba `CanCura~ davwere,

romelic `cnobis furclis~ damate-

baSi daibeWda...~

amave dros mixeil javaxiSvilma

gazeT `cnobis furcelTan~ daiw-

yo TanamSromloba, 1904 wlidan ki

filipe gogiCaiSvilTan erTad ilia

WavWavaZis mier daarsebuli da im

droisTvis Zalian popularuli da

mixeil jevaxiSvili

mixeil javaxiSvili dedmamiSvilebTAn erTad, 1910

mixeili winamZRvrianTkaris sasoflo-sameurneo saswavleblis moswavle

55

saxelganTqmuli gazeT `iveriis~ Tanaredaqtori gaxda. mixeil javaxiSvili Zalian

gaitaca sagazeTo publicistikam, amitom am xnis ganmavlobaSi sul ramdenime, Tum-

ca umniSvnelovanesi da mixeil javaxiSvilis Semoqmedebisagan ganuyofeli moTx-

robebi Seiqmna: `CanCura~, `meCeqme gabo~, `upatrono~, `eka~, `jildo~, `kurkas qor-

wili~ da `eSmakis qva~.

me-20 saukunis dasawyisis beletristika da publicisturi statiebi, romlebic

mixeil javaxiSvilis kalams ekuTvnis, sakmaod farTo speqtrs moicavs da Tval-

naTliv gviCvenebs mis axalgazrdul radikalizms; aseve did dainteresebasac ara

marto saqarTvelosa da ruseTis imperiisTvis saWirboroto sakiTxebis SeswavliT

da ganxilviT, aramed imdroindel msoflioSi mimdinare sakmaod boboqari, sisxl-

savse da xSirad saxifaTo da tragikuli movlenebiTac ki. es iyo revoluciebis,

udidesi saukunovani imperiebis, aseve saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi Camoyalibebu-

li religiebis rRvevis epoqa da maTi Canacvleba axali, axlad aRmocenebuli da

Zalian xSirad sakmaod radikaluri ideologiebiT, romlebic Tavisi fanatizmiT

da SeuvalobiT didad ar Camouvardebodnen da Zalianac waagavdnen yvelaze fa-

natikur religiur mimdinareobebs, dawyebuli inkviziciiT da damTavrebuli ie-

zuituri ordenebiT. patara saqarTvelo ki, romlis ukanaskneli mmarTvelebi

erekle II da giorgi XII iyvnen, pirdapir feodalizmidan gadaeSva am apokalifsur

oromtrialSi, Tanac sakuTari saxelmwifoebriobis gareSe darCenili, sxva ucxo

da sakmaod mtruli rusuli imperiis SemadgenlobaSi myofi. marto statiebis sa-

Taurebsac rom gadavavloT Tvali, cxadi gaxdeba, Tu ramxela samuSaos asrulebda

mixeil javaxiSvili Tavisi didi winamorbedis – ilia WavWavaZis msgavsad, romel-

sac erTdroulad bankirobac uwevda, publicistobac, mwerlobac, wera-kiTxvis

sazogadoebis Tavmjdomareobac da am yvelaferTan erTad kaxuri Rvinis avkargia-

nobazec msjelobda da imazec didada swuxda, rom `Cveneburi Rvino mgzavrobas

ver itanso...~

axla, asi wlis Semdeg, Zalian sainte-

reso da niSandoblivia epoqis Sesacno-

bad mixeil javaxiSvilis statiebis sa-

Taurebs rom gadavxedoT: `Cven da Cveni

Teatri~, ̀ oriode dRe alaverdis madan-

Si~, `ruseTis cxovrebidan~, `erovnu-

li sakiTxi avstriaSi~, `nakaduli say-

mawvilo Jurnali N1~, `germaniis muSaTa

partia~, `tfilisis mixeilis saavadmy-

ofo~, `belgiis muSaTa partiis isto-

riidan~, `glexi da memamule~, `qalTa

saarCevno uflebebi avstraliaSi~, `qa-

lTa moZraobis istoriidan~, `qarTuli

warmodgena~, `miwis mflobeloba axal

zelandiaSi~, ̀ qarTuli erovnuli muze-

umi~, `CartistTa moZraoba~, `qarTuli

ena~, `socialisturi moZraoba amerikis

sxedan: petre qavTaraZe, Salva dadiani, mixeil javaxiS-vili, geronti qiqoZe. dganan: sandro SanSiaSvili, ilo mosaSvili, konstantine WiWinaZe

didi qarTvelebi

56

SeerTebul StatebSi...~ es sakmaod vrceli, Tum-

ca Zalian arasruli sia mixeil javaxiSvilis

publicisturi naSromebisa ukve gviqmnis zogad

STabeWdilebas mwerlis sazogado da Jurnalis-

tur saqmianobazec da imdroindel msoflioSi

mimdinare procesebzec.

swored amave wlebSi dainteresda da sakma-

od aqtiurad CaerTo imdroindel politikur

bataliebSi mixeil javaxiSvili, ramac sabe-

diswero roli iTamaSa mis Semdgom cxovrebaSi.

yvelas kargad gvaxsovs, rom mixeil javaxiSvili

sisxlianma sabWoTa reJimma da represiebma imsx-

verpla. Tumca, albaT cotam Tu icis, rom arc caristul ruseTs da mis Jandarmebs

daukliaT xeli maSin jer kidev sruliad axalgazrda mwerlisa da publicistis-

Tvis. Tumca samarTlianoba moiTxovs aRvniSnoT, rom caristuli ruseTis repre-

siebi, adamianTa msxverplis, dapatimrebulTa raodenobis da sisastikis Tval-

sazrisiT axlosac ver mividoda mogvianebiT sabWoTa reJimis mier datrialebul

sisxlian kalosTan.

ruseTis imperiis Jandarmeria mixeil javaxiSviliT 1906 wels dainteresda da

mis winaaRmdeg saqmec aRZra. Ees arc iyo gasakviri, Tu mwerlis maSindel statiebsa

da eseebs gadavxedavT da im ukompromisobas, sijiutesa da moqalaqeobriv gambe-

daobas gaviTvaliswinebT, romelic mixeil javaxiSvils mTeli cxovreba gahyva da

bolos misi tragikuli da mowameobrivi aRsasrulis mizezic gaxda. sakmarisia sul

ramdenime citatis moxmoba, rom davinaxoT 1905-1906 wlebSi, gagania stolipinis

reaqciis dros, rodesac `xalxTa sapyrobiled~ wodebuli ruseTis imperia saxr-

CobelebiT iyo mofenili, igi marTlac marabdelebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ujia-

TobiT YebrZoda ruseTis caristul reJims:

`bneleTis motrfiale presa, `mosk. uwyebani~ da `graJdanini~ yovel furcelze,

yovel werilSi da yovel striqonSi gaiZaxis, rom inteligenciasa da muSebs swored

ise unda moveqceT, rogorc ruseTis jari iaponiis jars eqcevao, e.i. Tof-zarbaza-

ni unda davuniSnoT da amovwyvitoTo~;…

`Cveni mefe aris yvelaze mdidari kaci mTels qveyanaze. marto imas da imis

ociode naTesavs mTels ruseTSi aqvT oci milioni desetina miwa, e.i. aTjer meti

mTel saqarT veloze.… aba, sad aris samarTali?! rac qarTlisa, kaxeTisa, imereTisa,

guriis da samegrelos miwa aqvT, aTi imodona marto erT kacsa aqvs...~

`mTavroba emuqreba, sdevnis da mxecurad epyroba glexebs... alixanovma ase SeuT-

vala gurul glexebs: me gelaparakebiT Tqven sityviT da gicxadebT, TuU sami dRis

ganmavlobaSi ar SemoitanT yvela gadasaxads, maSin gamogigzavniT polkovnik kri-

lovs, romelic zarbaznebiT dagiwyebT laparakso – ase emuqrebodnen xalxs, ro-

melsac saWmeli da puri ar gaaCnda saxlSi...~

aseTi TavzexelaRebuli statiebis Semdeg albaT arc iyo gasakviri, rom Jandar-

mixeil jevaxiSvili

57

meriam da mefis ruseTis ̀ oxrankam~ 26 wlis mwerali mizanSi amoiRo, Tumca im jerze

mixeil javaxiSvilma evropaSi gaaswro. Tavdapirvelad SveicariaSi gadavida da iq

dabinavda, Semdeg ki mogzaurobda.

`1907 wels parizSi gadavedi da iqaur universitetSi literaturas, xelovnebas

da politekonomias vswavlobdi. mcire xans italiaSi, CrdiloeT afrikaSi, inglis-

Si, belgiaSi da germaniaSi vimogzaure. mcire xans stambolSic davyav~.

evropaSi myof mixeil javaxiSvilze saSinlad imoqmeda 1907 wlis agvistoSi misi

maswavleblis da sulieri moZRvris – ilia WavWavaZis mxecurma mkvlelobam. javaxi-

Svili erT-erTi pirveli iyo, vinc gazeT `isarSi~ ilia WavWavaZis tragikul aRsas-

ruls gamoexmaura da imaTgan gansxvavebiT, vinc ilias mkvlelobaze `tyes roca

Wrian, nafotebic scviva~ ganacxades, miuxedavad revoluciisadmi misi daufaravi

simpaTiisa, cxadad gansWvrita wiwamurSi momxdari erovnuli katastrofis mTeli

siRrme da simZime:

`uRvTo iyo Seni sikvdili!

kalami miTrTis…, ena mebmis, azri mereva.

tyviiT gangmires mxcovani guli, mxcovani poetisa da gvami misi gadaagdes mtvri-

an Sara gzaze.

gangmires is guli, romelic naxevar saukunis ganmavlobaSi CvenTvis iwvoda RvTa-

ebriv cecxlis alze. CvenTvis TrToda da CvenTvis feTqavda.

mohkles da tyes Seafares gaSavebuli da saukunod Sercxvenili Tavi, ToTqos

mas SeeZlos maTi damalva da TiTqos iq ki ar dauxvdebaT samarcxvino boZi, romel-

zedac cecxlis asoebiT ewereba: `am naZiralebma mohkles poeti!… magram ar momkvda-

ra misi saxeli da dideba da arc mokvdeba im dromdis, sanam Zgers guli qarTvelisa,

sanam arsebobs TviTon qarTveli, sanam arsebobs misi ena, iliasgan gafaqizebuli da

qarTuli kalami da wigni iliasganve gamtkicebuli da gasufTavebuli~.

istorias saocari, saSineli, SeiZleba iTqvas, cinikuri ganmeorebebi sCvevia. war-

moidgenda Tu ara 27 wlis mixeil javaxiSvili, roca 1907 wlis agvistoSi gulmoklu-

li werda am striqonebs, rom zustad ocdaaTi wlis Semdeg da swored agvistoSi ise-

Tive mowameobrivi aRsasruli eloda, rogorc mis did winamorbedsa da winamZRols,

`romelic 40 wlis ganmavlobaSi batonobda Cvens sazogadoebriv azrovnebas, sazo-

gadoebriv moRvaweobas, erovnul ideas...~

mixeil javaxiSvilma romanSi `qalis tvirTi~, romelic swored 1905 wlis revo-

lucias, stolipinis reaqcias da imdroindel e.w. `erTobas~ exeba, ilia WavWava-

Zis epikuri portreti aRgviwera. Tu ar vcdebi, es aris ilia WavWavaZis erTader-

Ti literaturuli portreti qarTul mwerlobaSi, yovel SemTxvevaSi, mxatvrul

literaturaSi mainc. konkretulad ki, aRwerilia ilias gamosvla saTavadaznau-

ro krebis sxdomaze 1905 wlis reaqciis dros. manamade, cota xniT adre, ilias `gu-

rulebis damxmare komitetisaTvis~ gadaricxuli asi maneTi ̀ erTobis~ xalxma ukanve

daubruna da SemouTvala, xalxis mtrisgan daxmarebas ar miviRebTo.…amis miuxeda-

didi qarTvelebi

58

vad, am krebaze ilia WavWavaZe

erTaderTi aRmoCnda, vinc

ajanyebul glexebs da revo-

lucionerebs gamoesarCla. ai,

rogor aRwers mixeil javax-

iSvili ilia WavWavaZes Tavis

ukanasknel romanSi, romelic

1936 wels Jurnal `mnaTobSi~

gamoqveynda:

`TiTqmis samocdaaTi wlis

moxuci SuagarRveul xalx-

Si dinjad modioda da Tan

mohqonda Tavisi sanaqebo dar-

baisloba, JamTa cvalebado-

baSi ukve minelebuli dideba,

naxevari saukunis mesveuroba,

erisa da uTvalavi sulieri Wrilobani, romelic mas am ulevel gzaze, rogorc

marcxnidan, ise marjvnidan, miayenes. karga xania, rac es kbilebgacveTili beberi

lomi TiTqo saimedod Seixizna bunagSi. aRarc misi buxuni ismoda, aRarc misi klan-

Wi Canda. mxolod erTxel kidev daibuxuna, rodesac guriis asaklebad mZvinvare

general alixanovs hgzavnidnen~.

1909 wels mixeil javaxiSvili aralegalurad brundeba saqarTveloSi, mas Ca-

mosvlisTanave apatimrebs Jandarmeria da jer erTi wliT metexis cixeSi svams, Sem-

deg ki amierkavkasiidan gaasaxlebs.

1912 wels mixeil javaxiSvili vladikavkazSi luba jaWvaZeze qorwindeba. am peri-

odSi, 1918 wlamde, mixeil javaxiSvili wiTel jvarsa da saqarTvelos savaWro-sam-

rewvelo palataSi msaxurobda.

1921 wlis 25 Tebervals ruseTma,

oRond am SemTxvevaSi wiTelma sabWoTa

ruseTma, kvlav daipyro amjerad ukve

demokratiul respublikad gamocxadebu-

li saqarTvelo. maSindeli moaruli xme-

biT, romlebmac Cvens dromdec moaRwia,

imdroindeli qarTuli inteligencia, maT

Soris mixeil javaxiSvili, `cisferyan-

welebi~ da sxvebic, romlebic sul raRac

15-16 weliwadSi swored am sisxliani re-

Jimis msxverpli gaxdnen, loialurad

Sexv dnen sabWoTa ruseTisgan damoukide-

beli saqarTvelos okupacias da aneqsias.

yovel SemTxvevaSi, didi protesti mainc

ar gamouxatavT. ra iyo amis mizezi, marTla

mixeil jevaxiSvili

sxedan: al. abaSeli, t. tabiZe, p. ingoroyva, n. miwiSvili, m. oraxelaSvili, m. gorki, s. Tordia, S. radiani, g. ruxaZe.dganan: p. keSelava, k. kalaZe, v. asirbekovi, m. javaxiSvili, g. tabiZe,

mixeil javaxiSvilis meuRle luba jaWvaZe da ufrosi qaliSvili qeTevani

59

ase iyo Tu ara? iyo es maSindeli social-demokratiuli xeli-

suflebis, e.w. menSevikebis, uTavbolobiT Tavmobezreba Tu ma-

Tive partiis meore frTasTan, `bolSevikebTan~, arcTu safuZ-

velmoklebuli analogia da `alia Tu osmana – orive TaTarias~

principiT xelmZRvaneloba – axla Zneli saTqmelia. erTi ram ki

faqtia, mixeil javaxiSvili arasodes, sxva cnobil mweralTagan

gansxvavebiT, komunistur partiaSi ar Sesula. Tavis nawarmoeb-

Sic ver an ar malavda sabWoTa bolSevikuri reJimisadmi anti-

patias, siZulvils da garkveul SiSsac ki. es gansakuTrebiT or

romanSi – `jayos xiznebSi~ da `TeTr sayeloSia~ asaxuli.

asea Tu ise, swored 1923 wlidan daiwyo mixeil javaxiSvi-

lis samwerlo moRvaweobis meore da gacilebiT nayofieri eta-

pi. amgvarad, mwerlis literaturuli saqmianoba or araTana-

bar nawilad gaiyo: 1903-1908 w.w., rodesac novelebi `CanCura~,

`meCeqme gabo~ da sxvebi Seiqmna; rodesac, misive gancxadebiT,

floberis, mopasanis, gorkis, ilia WavWavaZis, akaki wereTlis

da vaJa-fSavelas (igulisxmeba vaJa-fSavelas proza) gavlenas

ganicdida da 1923 wlis Semdgom periodad, rodesac didi xnis pauzis Semdeg `tyis

kaci~ daiwera. amas romanebi `kvaWi kvaWantiraZe~, `jayos xiznebi~, `TeTri sayelo~,

`arsena marabdeli~ da `qalis tvirTi~ mohyva.

sxvaTa Soris, mixeil javaxiSvili karga xnis ganmavlobaSi cxovrobda cxinval-

sa da samaCablos, anu didi liaxvis xeobis soflebSi, romelic 2008 wlis saqarT-

velo-ruseTis agvistos omis dros rusulma armiam miwasTan gaaswora. mwerali am

xeobaSi Tavisi qarTulis daxvewas cdilobda, radgan cnobili iyo, rom liaxvis xe-

obelebi yvelaze gamarTuli literaturuli qarTuliT saubrobdnen.

aqve, kerZod ki, sofel qurTaSi daiwera misi adrindeli moTxroba `eka~ da asec

aris daTariRebuli – `1905w. sofeli qurTa, didi liaxvis xeoba~.… aqve, cxinval-

sa da didi liaxvis xeobaSi mimdinareobs mixeil javaxiSvilis

erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili da skandaluri romanis `jayos xiz-

nebis~ ZiriTadi moqmedeba.

saerTod, me-20 saukunis 20-iani wlebi mixeil javaxiSvilis-

Tvis gardamtexi aRmoCnda, rogorc SemoqmedebiTi, aseve piradi

bedisweris TvalsazrisiT. am periodis na warmoebebSi sakmaod

pirdapir da Tamamad gamoxatul protests Zalian Zvirad daus-

vamen da sul wvrilad dauangariSeben ara marto Cekas jalaTe-

bi da partmuSakebi lav renti berias xelmZRvanelobiT, aramed,

rac yvelaze samwuxaroa, Tavad misi megobari da kolega mwer-

lebi. piradad me ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed arc saqarT-

velos gareT meguleba ase mkveTrad gamoxatuli antisabWoTa

da antikomunisturi nawarmoebi, vidre mixeil javaxiSvilis

`dampatiJea~:

didi qarTvelebi

60

`oTxfexs tkipi SeuCndeba, futkars winwkali

Caujdeba, xes xavsi da fiTri moekideba, kldesac

ki faTalo Caeqsoveba da ase cxovroben sxvisi wve-

niT, neta adamianic ase xom ar aris mowyobili?~ – es

moTxroba 1928 wels, anu gagania koleqtivizaciis

dros aris dawerili.

ufro adre, 1924 wels daiwera `jayos xiznebi~,

sadac bolSevikebis mier ekonomikur Cagvras da

usa marTlobas erovnulic miemata da `ssaw...…wyali

qq..…arTli~ `maimunis meaTe Taobas da pitekantro-

fis minamgvan jayo jivaSvils darCa `mma...rguSis-

Tan~ erTad, romelic grZnobs, rom misi dro movida

da daurideblad acxadebs: `romeli prava lapara-

kobda Sena?! – ris zakoni? ai jayos zakoni, winaT

Tqven swerebodeT zakonebsa, axla ki morCebodeT

da CaZaRldebodiT! Eaxla me gwer kanonebsa mena!

jayo gwersa kanonsa, jayoi! maS, maSa! gaigebdes ama-

sa, gaigebdes meTqi!...~

Aamis pasuxad ki mxolod umweo amonakvnesi ismis,

isic brgvili eniT: `hm! s...ssaocaria! Ss...sakvirvelia! Cveni dasaflaveba C...veniv

Tvalwin xdeba. anderZs gvigeben da Cvenve veswrebiT Cvens q...qqelexs...~

Cven veswrebodiT kidevac da daveswariT Cvens sakuTar qelexs, sadac axlac jayo

jivaSvilis samadlobeli ismis:

`RmerTma gakurTxos balSenikebis mTavrobai, romelmaca sawyal jayos saxlic

mogca, baRica da venaxica da kargi zakonica! Zirs Jordaniai! maSa, maSa, agre vicis

jayoma! RmerTma gacocxlos Cvenma Tavrobai jayosTana sawyalsa saxli da miwa ro

mogeci. Segewios jayosa misi madli da angelozi...~

kidev ufro pirdapir da kategoriulad upirispirdeba komunistur reJims xev-

suri jurxa romanSi `TeTri sayelo~, romelic pirdapir acxadebs, rom `aq, wiTel

eSmas ar amauSvebs...~ `Cven batonymoba ara gvqoniv sru mudam TavisuflebisTvis vo-

mobdiTav, iaxlac Tavisufalni orT! Tqven ki ubatonoT arc winav gicxovraTa da

iaxlac wiTel uRelCi RbixarT! agrea marTalia!..~

Tu sabWoTaAkavSiris pirvel ocian wlebSi, rodesac SedarebiT Tavisufle-

ba iyo, amgvar protests da damokidebulebas ase Tu ise itanda, ufro sworad ki

droebiT yurs iqiT atarebda sabWoTa AmuSur-glexuri socialisturi mTavroba,

koleqtivizaciis, gansakuTrebiT ki germaniaSi 1933 wels adolf hitleris na-

cional-socialisturi muSuri (isev muSuri!) xelisuflebis mosvlisa da espaneT-

Si falangistebis putCis Semdeg mTel msoflioSi, gansakuTrebiT ki evropaSi da,

Sesabamisad, sabWoTa kavSirSic, viTareba ukiduresad daiZaba. haerSi kvlav msof-

lio omis suni datrialda. komunisturma xelisuflebamac, `amxanag~ stalinis da

misi satrapebis xelmZRvanelobiT yvelas gauxsenes, visac ki antisabWoTaA azri

mixeil jevaxiSvili

61

gamoeTqva an Tundac anegdoti moeyola. metic, `gauxsenes~ da

xeli staces imaTac, vinac mTeli cxovreba diTirambebs um-

Reroda sabWoTa xelisuflebas da xelis gadatyavebamde

ukravda taSs leninur-marqsistul ideebs. gauxsenes da

Zalian cudad gauxsenes erTmaneTsac, Tavad sabWoTa

xelis uflebis warmomadgenelma.

rodesac 1937 wlis dasawyisSi dapatimrebebma

ukve masobrivi xasiaTi miiRo (Torem ise represiuli

manqana arc arasdros SeCerebula, ubralod masS-

tabebi iyo sxvadasxva), bunebrivia mixeil javaxiS-

vilic amoiRes mizanSi. is faqti, rom mixeil javax-

iSvili sul raRac naxevari wliT adre, 1936 wels,

igive sabWoTa xelisuflebam Sromis wiTeli droSis

ordeniT daajildova, arafers niSnavda. wiTeli dro-

Sis ordeni ki ara mxolod 1936-1937 wlebSi sabWoTa

kavSiris, TviT `en-ka-ve-de-s~, anu maSindeli uSiSroe-

bis ori mrisxane komisari henrix iagoda da nikolai eJo-

vi daapatimres da daxvrites. oficialuri cnobebiT, ig-

ive bedi ewia 15-iode wlis Semdeg maT `memkvidres~ da kidev

erT jalaTs – lavrenti berias. ase rom, `komunistur samoTxeSi~

dazR veuli aravin iyo, arc mwerali – msxverpli, arc Cekisti – jalaTi.

swored lavrenti beriam daiwyo mixeil javaxiSvilis devna, rodesac 1937 wlis

ivnisSi saqarTvelos kompartiis cekas sxdomaze man sxva mwerlebTan erTad mixe-

il javaxiSvilic moixsenia da aRniSna: `mixeil javaxiSvilma Tavisi saqcieli unda

gadasinjoso. Ees TiTqos umtkivneulo fraza im droisTvis sasikvdilo ganaCens

udrida da iyo niSani, rom mweralze namdvili nadiroba da fsiqologiur-mora-

luri terori unda dawyebuliyo, rasac

`damuSavebas~ eZaxdnen. yvelaze amazr-

zeni ki is iyo, rom am `damuSavebaSi~

Zalian aqtiur monawileobas iRebdnen

ara mxolod Cekistebi, aramed maSinde-

li qarTveli mwerlebisa da kritikose-

bis sakmaod mniSvnelovani nawili.

lavrenti berias moxseneba-ganaCeni-

dan meore dResve, 8 ivniss, mweralTa

kavSiris sxdoma gaimarTa, sadac mixeil

javaxiSvili sityviT gamoiyvanes, sadac

mas unda `moenaniebina codvebi~, `daeg-

mo warsuli~ da `sajarod eRiarebina

Secdomebi~. gamosvliT misi `kolege-

bi~ ukmayofiloebi darCenilan, radgan

mweralma TviTonac ar icoda kargad, ra mixeil javaxiSvili daviT kldiaSvilis dakrZalvaze, 1931, Tbilisi

didi qarTvelebi

62

unda moenaniebina, daegmo an eRiarebina~. mas sTxovdnen eRiare-

bina kavSiri gamomcemlobis xelmZRvanelTan lida gasvianTan,

mweralTa kavSiris yofil TavmjdomaresTan malaqia toroSeli-

ZesTan da mweral akaki TaTariSvilTan, romlebic am droisTvis

ukve dapatimrebulebi iyvnen. mixeil javaxiSvilis qaliSvilis,

qeTevan javaxiSvilis mogonebebSi, aRwerilia yovlad samarcx-

vino da aRmaSfoTebeli situacia, rodesac mwerals pirze adge-

bodnen da faqtobrivad sasikvdilod imetebdnen misi megob-

rebi, kolegebi da Tanamokalmeebi. aq qarTuli literaturis

sakmaod cnobili saxelebi figurireben, romelTac, bunebrivia,

ar davasaxeleb, Tumca es saxelebi da faqtebi isedac cnobi-

lia. `am dros mwerlebi mglis xrovas warmoadgendnen, romelTa

samsjavroze msxverplad Sesawiravi adamiani idga!~ – ixsenebs

qeTevan javaxiSvili.

aRsaniSnavia, rom am sxdomis dros protestis niSnad adga

da darbazidan gamovida geronti qiqoZe, rac im dros namdvili

gmiroba iyo. bolos sasowarkveTamde misul mixeil javaxiSvils wamouZaxia: `Tqven

Tu zvaraki gindaT, eg sxva saqmea!~

am sxdomis Semdeg cxadi gaxda, rom sabediswero wamzomi CarTuli iyo. Tumca

albaT bolomde mainc ar sjeroda, rom ase gaimetebdnen. qeTevan javaxiSvilis

mogonebis mixedviT, ivlisis Sua ricxvebSi beriam paolo iaSvili daibara. arsebobs

mosazreba, rom paolo iaSvils beriam mixeil javaxiSvilisa da tician tabiZis wi-

naaRmdeg Cvenebis micema mosTxova, rasac mohyva kidevac paolo iaSvilis TviTmkv-

leloba da javaxiSvilis fraza: `vaJkaci yofila, vaJkaci yofilao!~

amis Semdeg mixeil javaxiSvili lavrenti beriasTan mivida cekaSi. mosacdelSi

gaaxsenda, rom ordeni saxlSi darCenoda, meuRles daukavSirda da ordenis mitana

sTxova. karga xnis lodinis Semdeg lavrenti

beriam ar miiRo – yvelaferi cxadi gaxda.

cota xanSi Zma daupatimres. mixeil ja-

vaxiSvilma saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa

saxalxo komisar gogliZes werili miswera,

romelic upasuxod darCa.

Tavad mwerali 14 agvistos, gamTeniisas,

qviSxeTis agarakze meuRlisa da qaliSvil

qeTevanis Tvalwin daapatimres. mixeil ja-

vaxiSvilma, vidre Cekistebs gahyveboda,

jibidan soWis sakurorto sagzuri amoiRo

da qaliSvils sTxova: qeTo, xvalve wadi da

es sagzuri mweralTa kavSirs ukanve daubru-

neo, da oTaxidan gavida!

mixeil jevaxiSvili

m. javaxiSvili qaliSvil qeTevanTan erTAad

m. javaxiSvilis Zma, daxvrites 1937 wels

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