n Cng ngh 2 GVHD: ng Kim Hong

n Cng ngh 2 GVHD: TS.ng Kim Hong

MUC LUC6LI M U

7Chng 1TNG QUAN V NH MY LC DU DUNG QUT

71.1Tng quan:

81.2Cc phn xng trong nh my lc du:

81.2.1Cc phn xng cng ngh: Bao gm 14 phn xng cng ngh:

91.2.2Cc phn xng ph tr: Bao gm 11 phn xng ph tr:

91.2.3Phn xng ngoi vi:

101.3Sn phm:

101.4S lc v cc phn xng cng ngh:

101.4.1Phn xng chng ct kh quyn (U011):

111.4.2Phn xng NHT (U012)

111.4.3Phn xng Reforming xc tc lin tc CCR (U013)

121.4.4Phn xng x l Kerosene KTU (U014)

121.4.5Phn xng Cracking xc tc tng si cn (RFCC-U015)

131.4.6Phn xng x l LPG (U 016)

131.4.7Phn xng x l Naphtha ca phn xng RFCC (U017)

141.4.8Phn xng x l nc chua SWS (U018)

141.4.9Phn xng ti sinh amine (U019)

141.4.10Phn xng trung ha kim thi (U020)

151.4.11Phn xng thu hi Propylen (U021)

151.4.12Phn xng thu hi lu hunh (U022)

151.4.13Phn xng ng phn ha (U023)

161.4.14Phn xng x l LCO bng hydro (U024)

161.5Cc cng ngh tin tin c s dng trong nh my lc du Dung Qut:

17Chng 2GII THIU V PHN XNG CHNG CT KH QUYN

172.1Tng quan:

182.2M t qu trnh cng ngh:

192.2.1H thng tin gia nhit cho du th:

212.2.2Cm thit b tch mui:

232.2.3L t:

252.2.4Chng ct du th:

292.2.5Cm thp n nh xng (Stabilizer Section):

312.2.6Cc thit b lm kh bng chn khng:

312.2.7Vng to chn khng cho thp lm kh (Vacuum Section):

322.2.8Ha cht b sung:

332.3Nguyn l cng ngh:

332.3.1Gi thit b tch mui:

342.3.2Gi thit b to chn khng:

352.4Cng ngh thit b:

352.5Cc bin cng ngh:

352.5.1Lu lng nguyn liu CDU:

352.5.2Nhit u ra ca l gia nhit:

362.5.3Nhit ti nh ca thp phn tch chnh T-1101:

362.5.4p sut ca thp phn tch chnh:

362.5.5Cc dng hi lu tun hon:

362.5.6S iu chnh v ch tiu cht lng sn phm:

372.5.7Hi qu nhit dng tch phn nh trong thp tch chnh T-1101:

382.5.8Overflash:

382.5.9Nhit ca thp n nh xng T-1107:

39Chng 3S LC V PRO/II

393.1S lc v phn mm Pro/II:

393.2Cc bc tin hnh m phng:

42Chng 4M PHNG PHN XNG CDU CA NH MY LC DU DUNG QUT BNG PHN MM M PHNG PRO/II

424.1Nguyn liu:

444.2S m phng bng phn mm PRO/II 9.0:

444.3M hnh nhit ng:

444.4Xy dng m hnh v cc thng s m phng cn thit:

454.4.1Lu lng dng nguyn liu v cc dng sn phm chnh:

454.4.2Cc iu kin vo thp ca du th:

454.4.3Thng s cc dng hi nc qu nhit:

464.4.4Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca thp chnh T-1101:

474.4.5Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca thp stripping:

484.4.6Cc tiu chun k thut:

494.4.7M hnh thp T-1101 trong m phng bng phn mm Pro/II:

494.5Tin hnh m phng:

494.5.1Thit k cho thp chnh T-1101:

554.5.2Nhp cac thng s cho cac stripper:

554.5.3Nhp cac thng s cho binh tach:

564.6Thap n inh xng T-1107:

564.6.1M phong thap:

584.6.2Phn tich kt qua m phong cua thap:

584.6.3S dung cng cu Optimizer ti u ia nap liu cho thap:

594.6.4S dung Case study nghin cu anh hng cua vi tri ia nap liu n cng sut Reboiler

614.7Phn tich kt qua m phong thap chinh:

614.7.1Cn bng vt cht cua thap:

624.7.2Cht lng san phm:

664.7.3Khao sat mt s thng s cua thap:

DANH MUC BANG

42Bang 4. 1 S liu ng cong TBP ca du th Bch H.

43Bang 4.2 S liu cc thnh phn nh ca du th Bch H

45Bang 4.3 Lu lng cc phn on

45Bang 4.4 Thng s ca hi nc Stripping

46Bang 4.5 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca thp chnh T-1101

46Bang 4.6 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca Pumparound nh.

46Bang 4.7 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca Pumparound 1

47Bang 4.8 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca Pumparound 2

47Bang 4.9 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca Pumparound 3

47Bang 4.10 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca thp T-1102

48Bang 4.11 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca thp T-1103

48Bang 4. 12 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca thp T-1104

50Bang 4.13 S ia ly thuyt cua cac vung

53Bang 4.14 Tinh cht dong du th trc khi vao thap

56Bang 4.15 Thng s vn hanh thapT -1107

58Bang 4.16 Cn bng vt cht cua thap n inh xng

61Bang 4.17 Cn bng vt cht cua CDU

63Bang 4.18 Cht lng cac phn oan cua thap CDU

63Bang 4.19 Gap va Overlap cua cac phn oan

66Bang 4.20 Khng ch cht lng phn tach

66Bang 4.21 So sanh gia tri PFD va sau khi dung Controller

DANH MUC HINH7Hinh 1.1 S tng th v tr nh my lc du Dung Qut.

8Hinh 1.2 S cc cm phn xng nh my lc du Dung Qut

TOC \h \z \c "Hinh 2." 17Hinh 2.1 M hnh 3D ca phn xng CDU nh my lc du Dung Qut theo hng ng Nam

18Hinh 2.2 M hnh 3D ca phn xng CDU nh my lc du Dung Qut theo hng Ty Nam

TOC \h \z \c "Hinh 3." 40Hinh 3. 1 Giao din phn mm Pro/II

TOC \h \z \c "Hinh 4."

43Hinh 4.1 ng cong TBP ca du th Bch H.

44Hinh 4. 2 S m phng phn xng CDU ca Nh my lc du Dung Qut bng phn mm PROII.

49Hinh 4.3 M hnh thp T-1101 trong m phng bng phn mm Pro/II

51Hinh 4.4 Nhp assay cua dong du th

52Hinh 4.5 M phong cum gia nhit

52Hinh 4.6 Dong du th trc khi vao thap

57Hinh 4.7 M phong thap n inh xng

61Hinh 4.8 Anh hng vi tri ia nap liu n cng sut Reboiler

68Hinh 4.9 Anh hng cua cng sut Reboiler n ng cong ASTM D86

68Hinh 4.10 Anh hng cng sut Reboiler n cht lng tach

70Hinh 4.11 Anh hng lu lng hi ay thap n cht lng tach

LI M U

M hnh ha v m phng l mt phng php c ng dng rt rng ri t khu thit k, ch to n khu vn hnh my mc - thit b, cc dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut sn phm. Ngy nay, trong hu ht cc lnh vc k thut ca con ngi u s dng phng php m hnh ha nhng mc khc nhau. iu ny c bit quan trng i vi lnh vc iu khin cc h thng k thut bi v iu khin chnh l qu trnh thu nhn thng tin t h thng theo mt m hnh no v a ra quyt nh iu khin h thng. Lnh vc ch bin du kh khng l mt ngoi l.

Trong mt nh my lc du (NMLD) hoc khu lin hp lc ha du bao gm nhiu phn xng thc hin cc chc nng khc nhau. Ty theo ngun nguyn liu du th v nhu cu th trng i vi tng sn phm m mi nh my c mt cu hnh ring. Tuy nhin, ngoi p ng nhu cu th trng th yu t kinh t khi xy dng v vn hnh nh my cng rt quan trng. Vi cc s liu sau bc kho st nhu cu th trng, nhim v ca ngi k s l phi thit k nh my vi cu hnh ph hp, mang li hiu qu kinh t cao nht. M hnh ha v m phng l mt cng c mnh trong vic gii bi ton trn. Ngy nay vi s tr gip ca my tnh tc cao kt hp vi cc thut ton lm cho vic ti u ha, quy hoch v m phng thun li hn.

Bt k NMLD no cng khng th thiu phn xng chng ct du th p sut kh quyn (Cruide Distillation Unit - CDU). y l phn xng u tin ca nh my, sn phm ca phn xng ny l nguyn liu cho cc phn xng khc. Vic thit k h thng thit b nh no, vn hnh h thng ra sao c c hiu qu cao nht l mt bi ton kh lun t ra cho cc k s. cng l l do v hng gii quyt ca ti: "M phng phn xng chng ct kh quyn bng phn mm PRO/II".

Bn n trnh by kin thc tng quan v phn xng chng ct du th p sut kh quyn, gii thiu phn mm m phng Pro/II v tin hnh m phng vi cc s liu ca NMLD Dung Qut - NMLD u tin Vit Nam. Do kin thc c bn v k thut cn hn ch v thi gian tip xc vi phn mm m phng cn t nn chc chn ni dung trnh by cn nhiu thiu st, ti rt mong nhn c s gp v sa cha ca thy c cng bn b.

Chng 1 TNG QUAN V NH MY LC DU DUNG QUT

1.1 Tng quan:

Nh my lc du Dung Qut t ti huyn Bnh Sn, tnh Qung Ngi. Mt bng d n gm c 4 khu vc chnh: cc phn xng cng ngh v ph tr, khu b cha sn phm, cng xut sn phm v phao rt du khng bn, h thng ly v x nc bin. Nhng khu vc ny c ni vi nhau bng h thng ng vi ng ph lin k.

Hinh 1.1 S tng th v tr nh my lc du Dung Qut.Tng th nh my lc du Dung Qut bao gm 7 gi thu chnh:

EPC 1: Cc phn xng cng ngh v ph tr.

EPC 2: Khu b cha du th.

EPC 3: Khu b cha trung gian, b cha v khu vc xut sn phm.

EPC 4: Phao rt du khng bn SPM.

EPC 5A: chn sng.

EPC 5B: Cng xut Sn phm.

EPC 7: Khu nh hnh chnh.

Trong , EPC (1+2+3+4) l 4 hp ng ln nht v quan trng nht, chim 80% mc u t. Din tch s dng: Din tch tng nh my c tnh ton xp x l 338 hecta mt t v 471 hecta mt bin, bao gm nh sau:

Nh my chnh ( ton b cc phn xng cng ngh, ph tr v khu vc ngoi vi): 110 ha.

Khu b cha du th : 42 ha.

Khu b cha sn phm: 44 ha.

Tuyn ng ly nc bin v x nc thi: 4 ha.

Hnh lang an ton cho tuyn ng dn sn phm:40 ha.

Cng xut sn phm: 135 ha ( mt t v mt bin).

H thng phao rt du khng bn ( SPM), ng ng ngm di bin v khu vc vng quay tu: 336 ha ( mt bin).

1.2 Cc phn xng trong nh my lc du:

Hinh 1.2 S cc cm phn xng nh my lc du Dung Qut1.2.1 Cc phn xng cng ngh: Bao gm 14 phn xng cng ngh:

Phn xng 011: Chng ct kh quyn

(CDU)

Phn xng 012: X l Naphtha bng Hydro

(NHT)

Phn xng 013: Reforming xc tc lin tc

(CCR)

Phn xng 014:X l Kerosene

(KTU)

Phn xng 015:Cracking xc tc tng si cn chng ct kh quyn (RFCC)

Phn xng 016:X l LPG

(LTU)

Phn xng 017:X l Naphtha ca phn xng RFCC (NTU)

Phn xng 018:X l nc chua

(SWS)

Phn xng 019:Ti sinh Amine

(ARU)

Phn xng 020:Trung ha kim thi

(CNU)

Phn xng 021:Thu hi Propylene

(PRU)

Phn xng 022:Thu hi lu hunh

(SRU)

Phn xng 023:ng phn ha Naphtha nh

(ISOMER)

Phn xng 024:X l LCO bng hydro

(LCO-HDT)

Ngoi ra, Nh my Poly Propylen cng l 1 phn xng thuc nh my lc du, Phn xng 025: Poly Propylen

(PP).

1.2.2 Cc phn xng ph tr: Bao gm 11 phn xng ph tr:

H thng cp nc sinh hot, nc cng ngh, nc kh khong U031

H thng hi nc v nc ngng

U032

Phn xng nc lm mt

U033

H thng ly nc bin

U034

Phn xng kh iu khin + kh cng ngh

U035

H thng sn xut Nit

U036

H thng cung cp kh nhin liu

U037

H thng du nhin liu

U038

H thng cung cp kim

U039

H thng nh my in

U040

H thng lc nc thm thu RO (Reverse Osmosic)

U100

1.2.3 Phn xng ngoi vi:

Khu b cha trung gian

U051 (gm 23 b)

Khu b cha sn phm

U052 (gm 22 b)

Trm xut sn phm bng ng b

U053

Phn xng phi trn sn phm

U054

H thng phn phi du ra (Flushing Oil)

U055

Phn xng thu hi du thi

U056

H thng uc t

U057

Phn xng x l nc thi PP

U058

Khu b cha du th

U060

ng ng dn sn phm

U071

Phao rt du khng bn 1 im neo SPM

U082

1.3 Sn phm:

Kh ha lng LPG (cho th trng ni a)

Propylene

Xng Mogas 92/95

Du ha

Nhin liu phn lc Jet A1

Diesel t

Du t (FO).

1.4 S lc v cc phn xng cng ngh:

1.4.1 Phn xng chng ct kh quyn (U011):1.4.1.1 Cng sut thit k:

6.5 triu tn/nm (tng ng 148.000 thng/ngy trng hp du ngt v 141.000 thng/ngy trng hp du chua).

1.4.1.2 M t chung:

Du th c a vo phn xng chng ct du th, c gia nhit s b bng cc dng sn phm v dng bm tun hon trc khi vo l gia nhit. Du th c tch phn on thnh mt s sn phm trong thp chng ct chnh v cc thp stripper bn cnh sn thp chnh. Sn phm Naphtha nh c x l thm trong mt thp n nh v mt thit b tch.

Cc sn phm ca thp chng ct du th:

Bang 1.1 Cac phn oan cua CDU

Sn phmn

Full range Naphtha

Kerosene

LGO

HGO

Cn chng ct kh quyn RANHT (U 012)

KTU (U 014)

B cha (qua h thng pha trn)

B cha hoc LCO-HDT (hoc i qua h thng pha trn)Phn xng RFCC

Sn phm nh t nh thp chng ct CDU c a qua cm x l kh ca cm phn xng RFCC, sau qua phn xung x l kh ha lng LPG.

Full range naphtha c a qua phn xng x l Naphtha bng Hydro, sau c a n thp spliter v c phn tch thnh 2 dng: Light Naphtha v Heavy Naphtha.

Light Naphtha lm nguyn liu cho phn xng ISOME.

Heavy Naphtha c dng lm nguyn liu cho phn xng CCR.

Dng Kerosene t phn xng chng ct kh quyn c a trc tip ti b cha Kerosene hoc c s dng lm nguyn liu trn sn xut Diesel, hoc n c a ti phn xng x l Kerosene. Ti y dng nguyn liu c x l loi b thnh phn mercaptan (RSH), Hydrosulfide (H2S), acid Naphthenic (RCOOH) v nc. Kerosene sau khi x l v phun ph gia chng tnh in (anti-static) vo s c a ti b cha sn phm, v c dng lm nhin liu phn lc JetA1.

LGO c bm trc tip n phn xng LCO-HDT hoc n h thng pha trn Diesel cho ra Diesel thng phm v c bm n b cha sn phm.

HGO c bm trc tip n phn xng LCO-HDT hoc n b cha trung gian v lm cu t phi trn Diesel/Du t.

Cn chng ct kh quyn lm nguyn liu cho RFCC nng cp thnh cc sn phm c gi tr thng phm cao hn.

1.4.2 Phn xng NHT (U012)1.4.2.1 Cng sut: 23.500 thng/ngy.

1.4.2.2 Nh cung cp bn quyn: UOP.

1.4.2.3 M t chung:

Phn xng x l Naphtha bng Hydro x l ton b phn on Naphtha ca CDU. Phn xng gm 1 l phn ng xc tc tng cht, tui th xc tc ti thiu 2 nm. Phn xng cn c thit b ti sinh xc tc. Sn phm lng i qua thp tch LN v HN. Cn kh ca NHT s c a qua cm x l kh ca phn xng RFCC, c lm sch bng qu trnh hp th bng Amine.

1.4.3 Phn xng Reforming xc tc lin tc CCR (U013)1.4.3.1 Cng sut thit k: 21.100 thng/ngy.

1.4.3.2 Nh cung cp bn quyn: UOP.

1.4.3.3 M t chung:

Phn xng CCR x l nguyn liu l Heavy Naphtha (HN) x l bng Hydro ti phn xng NHT. Nguyn liu i vo thit b phn ng tip xc vi cc tng xc tc tun hon, chng c ti sinh lin tc duy tr hot tnh xc tc. Sn phm i ra t thit b phn ng c tch thnh 2 dng.

Dng kh giu H2 c tun hon trn chung vi dng nguyn liu, mt phn i cung cp cho NHT, ISOME, LCO-HDT v phn xng PP.

Dng lng i qua mt lot cc thit b phn tch thu hi LPG, reformate thu c qua b cha trung gian lm cu t phi trn xng Mogas 92/95 thng phm.

1.4.4 Phn xng x l Kerosene KTU (U014)1.4.4.1 Cng sut: 10.000 thng/ngy.

1.4.4.2 Nh cung cp bn quyn: Merichem.

1.4.4.3 M t chung:

Phn xng x l Kerosene c thit k x l phn on Kerosene t phn xng chng ct du th vi mc ch loi b thnh phn mercaptan (RSH), hydrosulfide (H2S), acid naphthenic (RCOOH) v nc.

Dung dch kim vi nng 20oBe v 20oBe c cung cp t khu vc ph tr (U039).

Sn phm t phn xng x l Kerosene s c phun ph gia chng tnh in (anti-static) vo v c a ti b cha sn phm dng lm nhin liu phn lc JetA1 hoc c a n b cha trung gian lm nguyn liu phi trn Diesel thng phm. Dung dch Amine long (MEA) s c s dng trong phn xng KTU theo tng m gin on ti sinh.

1.4.5 Phn xng Cracking xc tc tng si cn (RFCC-U015)

1.4.5.1 Cng sut: 69.700 thng/ngy

1.4.5.2 Nh cung cp bn quyn: IFP

1.4.5.3 Ch vn hnh:

Max Naphtha RFCC ( Ti a xng)

Max Distillat ( Ti a LCO )

1.4.5.4 M t chung:

Phn xng RFCC nhn trc tip phn cn chng ct kh quyn nng t phn xng chng ct kh quyn, hoc phn cn ngui t b cha.

Cm chuyn ha v phn tch: gm c thit b phn ng, thit b ti sinh, thp chng ct chnh, thit b kim sot xc tc v cc thit b ph tr khc.

B phn chuyn ha ca phn xng RFCC s ch bin ra cc dng sau:

Dng kh t c dn ti cm x l kh RFCC

Dng naphta c dn ti phn xng NTU

Dng du nh (LCO) c a n b cha v phn xng LCO-HDT.

Dng du cn (DCO) c a ti h thng pha trn du t hoc bn cha du t dng cho nh my.

Cm x l kh RFCC: Cm x l kh RFCC gm c hai thp hp th bng Amine v mt thit b stripping x l kh nhin liu v kh ha lng LPG trc khi chng ra khi thit b v s s dng dng Amine sch t thp ti sinh Amine (ARU). Dng Amine bn s c a tr li ARU ti sinh. Dng kh t v sn phm nh t thp chng ct chnh c a ti cm x l kh ca phn xng RFCC, s to ra cc dng sau:

Dng FG cha bo ha i ra t thp hp th bng Amine.

Dng hn hp C3/C4 c a ti phn xng x l LPG (LTU) trc khi phn tch ra trong phn xng thu hi Propylene (PRU). Ton b dng Naphtha thu hi c a ti phn xng x l Naphtha ca phn xng RFCC (NTU).

1.4.6 Phn xng x l LPG (U 016)

1.4.6.1 Cng sut: 21.100 thng/ngy.

1.4.6.2 Nh cung cp bn quyn: Merichem.1.4.6.3 Cng ngh: tip xc mng si Fiber-film contractor.

1.4.6.4 M t chung:

Phn xng x l LPG c thit k x l dng C3/C4 t cm x l kh RFCC trc khi a ti phn xng thu hi Propylene. Phn ln H2S trong dng LPG c tch ra trong thp hp th bng Amine nm trong cm x l kh RFCC.

Phn xng x l LPG c thit k lm gim hm lng mercaptan, carbonyl sulfide v H2S trong dng C3/C4.

1.4.7 Phn xng x l Naphtha ca phn xng RFCC (U017)1.4.7.1 Cng sut: 45.000 thng/ngy.

1.4.7.2 Nh cung cp bn quyn: Merichem.

1.4.7.3 Cng ngh: Tip xc mng-si

1.4.7.4 M t chung:

Phn xng x l Naphtha bng c thit k x l Naphtha sinh ra t RFCC, mc ch l lm gim hm lng Mercaptan, S n mc ti thiu.

Sn phm t phn xng NTU c a ti h thng pha trn xng.

B cha sn phm khng t cht lng c t cui u ra ca phn xng NTU. Kim sch nng thch hp c cung cp cho phn xng dng cho x l. Kim qua s dng t thp x l c dn ti phn xng trung ha kim.

1.4.8 Phn xng x l nc chua SWS (U018)

M t chung:

Nc chua t cc phn xng CDU, NHT v RFCC c a ti bnh n nh, ti y cc hydrocarbon c tch kh. Dng kh chua ny c a ti u uc t kh chua. Hn hp nc chua c bm qua thit b trao i nhit nguyn liu v sn phm y ti ct tch, ti y ammoniac v H2S ha tan c loi ra khi nc chua. Kh chua nh ca thp tch c ngng t v hi lu, v phn kh chua cn li vi nng cao c dn ti uc t kh chua.

Nc kh chua c lm mt bng dng nguyn liu v khng kh trc khi dn ti phn xng x l nc thi (ETP). Mt phn nc kh chua c s dng lm nc tch mui trong phn xng CDU.

1.4.9 Phn xng ti sinh amine (U019)

Dng amine bn t phn xng RFCC c a n bnh n nh loi b hydrocacbon v kh khi amine. Du trn ra c dn n b cha du thi nh, kh chua c lm sch v dn n h thng kh nhin liu.

Dng amine bn c a n thit b trao i nhit gia nguyn liu v sn phm, ri n thp ti sinh tch H2S. Kh chua nh thp tch c ngng t v hi lu, kh chua cn li c a qua h thng t kh chua.

Dng Amine sch tch ra c lm mt bng dng nguyn liu v khng kh. Amine sch sau c x l bng tc nhn chng to bt v bm ngc tr li cc thp hp th H2S trong phn xng RFCC. Mt phn dng Amine c lc loi b tp cht.

Trong trng hp phn xng dng hot ng, mt b c kh nng cha ton b lng Amine qua s dng. Amine sch c cha trong mt b nh b sung pha ch dung dch Amine ban u v dung dch Amine b sung.

1.4.10 Phn xng trung ha kim thi (U020)Phn xng trung ha Kim thi dng trung ha v loi b du phenolic v naphthenic ra khi cc dng kim thi.

Kim thi c tch kh v sau c trung ha bng acid sulfuric. Nc mui trung ha c a ti phn xng x l dng thi. Kh chua sinh ra t phn xng c a n uc t kh chua. Cc dng a ti phn xng trn c s tng m v lin tc.

Phn xng c thit k to ra nc mui trung tnh c pH nm trong khong t 6-8, vi nguyn liu theo thit k. Acid sulfuric sch c cung cp t b cha nm trong phm vi phn xng.

1.4.11 Phn xng thu hi Propylen (U021)

Phn xng thu hi Propylene c thit k x l dng hn hp C3/C4 t phn xng x l LPG. Phn xng PRU s tch v tinh ch Propylene t c c tnh k thut ca loi Propylene sch polymer ha 99.6% khi lng. Giai on u trong qu trnh loi C4 ra khi LPG trong mt thp tch C3/C4. Thit b tch chnh Propane/Propylene c hai cp.

Cp mt l giai on tch C2-.Cp hai l ct tch propane/Propylene. Sn phm Propylene t ct tch Propane/Propylene tip tc c tinh ch thm. Giai on th nht s l loi b carbonyl sulfur bng xc tc kh. Giai on th hai thng thng bao gm vic loi b Asen, Phosphor v antimoan bng tng xc tc kh. Cc giai on tinh ch c kt hp trong cng mt thp.

1.4.12 Phn xng thu hi lu hunh (U022)Phn xng thu hi lu hunh bng phng php Claus (SRU), cng sut x l 3 tn lu hunh/ngy x l kh acid t phn xng ARU, kh thot ra t phn xng SWS v kh thi t CNU. Kh acid t ARU c a ti l phn ng, kh thot ra t phn xng SWS v kh thi t CNU c a ti l t.

Sn phm lu hunh thu hi ti thiu l 99.9% v hiu sut thu hi lu hunh ca phn xng Claus khng nh hn 92.6%.Nng pht tn cc kh NOx, SOx, v CO t l t ca phn xng s p ng tiu chun cht lng kh Vit Nam (TVCN 5939-1995).

1.4.13 Phn xng ng phn ha (U023)

1.4.13.1 Cng sut: 65000 thng/ngy

1.4.13.2 Nh cung cp bn quyn: UOP1.4.13.3 M t chung:

Phn xng Isomer vi mc ch to ra cc sn phm ng phn c ch s octane cao hn, nguyn liu c s dng l phn on Naphtha nh x l hydro t phn xng NHT.

1.4.14 Phn xng x l LCO bng hydro (U024)

1.4.14.1 Cng sut: 1.320.000 tn/nm1.4.14.2 Nh cung cp bn quyn: IFP (Axens)

1.4.14.3 M t chung:

Phn xng LCO-HDT x l dng LCO t phn xng RFCC bng hydro nhm tng n nh cho LCO lm nguyn liu phi trn vo Diesel thng phm.1.5 Cc cng ngh tin tin c s dng trong nh my lc du Dung Qut:

NMLD Dung Qut s dng cc cng ngh hin i, mua bn quyn cng ngh t cc cng ty rt ni ting nh UOP (M), MERICHEM (M) v IFP (Php), cho cc phn xng:

Cm phn xng x l bng hydro nguyn liu v phn xng Reforming xc tc lin tc (NHT-CCR): phn xng CCR ny nhm nng cao ch s octane (RON) ca xng nng i ra t qu trnh chng ct kh quyn du th (CDU), lm nguyn li phi trn xng thng phm. Mc khc phn xng ny cn cung cp mt lng H2 cho cc phn xng x l bng H2 ca nh my nh NHT (x l nguyn liu cho phn xng Reforming xc tc lin tc (CCR), LCO-HDT, PP). u im ca cng ngh UOP i vi phn xng CCR l tng hiu sut sn phm, kh nng ti sinh xc tc cao v yu cu v bo dng thp.

Phn xng cracking xc tc tng si nguyn liu cn (RFCC), s dng cng ngh R2R ca IFP (Php) chuyn ha nguyn liu cn ca phn xng chng ct kh quyn (CDU) thnh cc sn phm nh: kh t (FG), kh ha lng (LPG), Gasoline, LCO, HCO + Slurry v cc. Phn xng bao gm h thng phun nguyn liu, thit b phn ng dng ng ng riser, h thng tch u ra ca riser, b phn bc cc hydrocarbon nh trn xc tc, bc thit b ti sinh th nht, bc thit b ti sinh th hai, b phn rt xc tc, cc ng vn chuyn xc tc, h thng iu khinCng ngh R2R c u im l lm tng linh ng ca qu trnh trong mt khong rng ca nguyn liu, tng hiu sut cc phn on nh nh gasoline, distillate ng thi gim hiu sut cc v kh nhin liu.

Cng ngh thit b tip xc di dng mng film xy ra trn si kim loi c s dng trong cc phn xng nh: phn xng x l Kerosene (KTU), phn xng x l xng Naphtha ca RFCC (NTU), phn xng x l LPG (LTU) v phn xng trung ha kim (CNU) nhm mc ch x l H2S v mercaptan c mi kh chu v n mn (KTU, LTU, NTU) v trung ha kim (CNU).

Chng 2 GII THIU V PHN XNG CHNG CT KH QUYN2.1 Tng quan:

Phn xng CDU c th xem l phn xng ca ng ca nh my lc du vi

nhim v phn tch du th thnh nhng phn on nh hn theo nhng khong nhit si khc nhau.

Phn xng CDU ca nh my lc du Dung Qut c thit k vi cng sut 6.5 (triu tn du th/nm) tng ng vi 812500 (kg/h) (tnh theo 8000h lm vic trong 1 nm). D kin n nm 2015, nh my s tng cng sut ln 9 triu tn/nm, trong CDU s sn xut 7.5 triu tn/nm, cn li phn xng VDU 1.5 triu tn/nm. Nhim v ca ti l Thit k h thng chng ct ti 100% nng sut (6.5 triu tn/nm) ca nh my lc du Dung Qut bng phn mm m phng PRO/II.

Hinh 2.1 M hnh 3D ca phn xng CDU nh my lc du Dung Qut theo hng ng Nam

Hinh 2.2 M hnh 3D ca phn xng CDU nh my lc du Dung Qut theo hng Ty Nam2.2 M t qu trnh cng ngh: Qu trnh phn tch thc hin trong thp chng ct kh quyn c 48 a, c thit b ngng t nh nhng khng c thit b un si li y thp, hot ng di p sut t 1 3 (bars). Cc dng sn phm c trch ra t cc thp tch cnh sn (strippers), cc thp strippers gm:- Stripper Kerosene dng lu cht HGO un si li ti y thp.

- Strippers LGO, HGO: dng hi nc bay hi cc cu t nh ca cc dng sn phm LGO, HGO.Cc phn nh bay hi t cc Strippers c a li thp chnh ti v tr pha trn a ly sn phm (Draw-off tray).

Chiu cao tng th ca thp chng ct kh quyn khong 50 mt, c trang b qui c t 3050 a van, cn cc thp tch cnh sn (strippers) c t 210 a cng loi vi thp chnh.

Du th c nng nhit s b thng qua cc thit b trao i nhit s dng nhit thu hi t cc sn phm v t cc dng hi lu tun hon n nhit khong 140OC, ti nhit ny du th c kh mui. Cng on ny c thc hin p sut ln (10 13 kg/cm) nhm mc ch gi cho hn hp du th v nc tn ti trng thi lng ti nhit mong mun. Du th sau khi tch mui s tip tc c nng nhit thng qua cc thit b gia nhit khc nhm thu hi ti a lng nhit t cc dng sn phm c nhit si cao hn v sau a vo l t nhm nhm tng nhit ca du th ln n nhit mong mun (khong 340-360oC) trc khi a vo thp phn tch chnh. Hi ti nh thp c ngng t thng qua h thng lm ngui bng qut ri vo bnh hi lu. Ti y dng naphtha ly ra s c a qua thp n nh xng nhm loi b cc thnh phn nh v nc. Naphtha sau khi x l s c a trc tip sang phn xng NHT hoc qua b cha trung gian. Cc dng sn phm tch cnh sn s qua cc thit b strippers loi b cc thnh phn nh (dng hi nc hoc thit b un si li). Phn nh tch ra s quay v thn thp (y c coi l dng hi lu trung gian), cn phn nng c xem l sn phm ca phn xng.

Trc khi i n b cha, cc dng sn phm c cho qua thit b thu hi nhit tn dng lng nhit tha, ng thi lm gim nhit ca sn phm trc khi vo b cha.

Sn phm y (RA) mang mt lng nhit kh ln c em i trao i nhit vi dng nguyn liu. Sau , chia lm 2 dng: 1 dng i qua lm nguyn liu cho phn xng RFCC nhit 900C, p sut 5,5 kg/cm2g; dng cn li i qua cc thit b trao i nhit tip tc lm lnh nhit 700C ri mi a vo b cha.

2.2.1 H thng tin gia nhit cho du th:

Du th c bm t b cha n phn xng chng ct du th bi bm nguyn liu P-6001A/B/C. Sau khi i vo cm phn xng, du th c gia nhit ti 2 dy thit b trao i nhit (mi dy bao gm 2 nhnh song song nhau) b phn cch bi thit b tch mui thu hi nhit nhm nng nhit ca du th.

Ti dy trao i nhit u tin (dy tin gia nhit ngui), nhit ca du th t 50oC c nng ln 140133oC ty theo nguyn liu l du th Bch H hay Dubai. gi cho nhit u ra ca du th hai nhnh song song l tng ng nhau, dng du th i vo mi nhnh c iu chnh bng cc van iu khin 011-TV-007A v 011-TV-007B t ti u vo ca cc thit b trao i nhit E-1101 v E-1102 tng ng.

Sau khi ra khi thit b tch mui, du th c bm bi Booster bm P-1101A/B n dy tin gia nhit nng (Hot Preheat Crude Train) (dy th hai), nhit ca du th c nng ln t 140-133oC n 283-277oC tng ng vi tng loi du th Bch H v du Dubai. Nhm duy tr nhit u ra ca du th ti nhnh song song l tng ng nhau, dng du vo c iu chnh bi hai van iu khin 011-TV-015A v 011-TV- 015B t ti u vo ca cc thit b trao i nhit E-1105A-J v E-1106A-F tng ng.

Bng 2 tm tt cc thit b trao i nhit cng nh cc dng sn phm nng c s dng trong mi thit b trao i nhit.

Bng 2: Dy cc thit b trao i nhit

Nhnh A Nhnh B

Dy tin gia nhit ngui

E-1101 A-H*

Trao i vi dng cn chng ct t

E-1105. E-1102

Trao i vi dng Kerosene hi lu

tun hon i t bm P-1103.

E-1103A/B

Trao i vi dng Light Gas Oil

i t thp T-1103. E-1104**

Trao i vi dng Heavy Gas Oil i t

E-1107.

Dy tin gia nhit nng

E-1105A-J*

Trao i vi dng cn chng ct t

E-1108. E-1106A-F

Trao i vi dng Light Gas Oil hi lu

tun hon i t bm P-1104.

E-1107**

Trao i vi dng Heavy Gas Oil i t

thp T-1104.

E-1109

Trao i vi dng Heavy Gas Oil hi

lu tun hon t bm P-1105. E-1108A-D*

Trao i vi dng cn chng ct

i t E-1134.

E-1134 A/B*

Trao i vi dng cn chng ct i t

bm P-1106.

* Cn chng ct qua cc thit b trao i nhit ni tip nhau (E-1101, E-1105, E1108, E-1134).

** Dng HGO i qua cc thit b trao i nhit ni tip nhau (E-1104, E-1107).

2.2.2 Cm thit b tch mui:

Mui v c c tch ra t qu trnh nh tng ha nc vi du v c tch ra thit b tch mui. H thng tch mui bao gm 02 thit b tch mui mc ni tip nhau (A-1101-D-01/02), ti hm lng mui ha tan c tch ra cng vi nc nhm t tiu chun l 2.0 ppm khi lng (ti a) v nc t do l 0.2% th tch (ti a) ti nhit vn hnh ca thit b tch mui.

Du th c cha cc cht cn n t dy tin gia nhit ngui (E-1101A/H, E-1102, E-1103 A/B v E-1104) i vo thit b tch mui. Nc tun hon i t thit b tch mui cp th hai (A-1101-D-02) c a vo dng du th trc khi i vo thit b tch mui th nht. Du th tip tc qua thit b trn tnh th nht (A-1101-M-01) nh l thit b phn tn du th/nc nhm tng din tch tip xc b mt gia hai cht lng t n gi tr ti u. Sau khi ra khi thit b trn, hn hp du v nc c hp nht trng thi nh tng ti van trn 011-PDV-503 t dng vo ca thit b tch mui cp th nht A-1101-D01. Dng lu th i vo thit b tch mui cp th nht v c tch ra lm 2 pha khc nhau (du th v nc) di tc ng ca lc tnh in. Du th c tch mui dch chuyn ln phn nh ca bnh tch cn nc ha tan mui i xung phn y ca bnh tch v c a n phn xng x l nc thi ETP.

Du th t thit b tch mui cp th nht A-1101-D-01 c trn vi nc ra mui n t thit b trao i nhit E-1128 ti thit b trn tnh th hai A-1101-M-02 v i vo bnh tch th hai qua van trn 011-PDV-506 (nc tun hon t thit b tch mui th hai c th c a tr li trc thit b trn tnh th hai thng qua van FV-164 nh bm nc tun hon P-1118A/B nhm ci thin qu trnh tch mui).

nh trong mi thit b tch mui c iu chnh v kim sot bng b iu khin chnh p 011-PDIC-503/506.

Di tc ng ca lc tnh in, du th c tch mui thm mt ln na trit hn ti thit b tch mui A-1101-D-02. Dng du c tch mui i ra t nh ca b tch cn nc i ra t y ca thit b tch mui, tun hon tr li thit b tch mui th nht bi bm P-1118 A/B.

H thng tch mui c thit k c th vn hnh vi ch mt cp (mt trong hai thit b tch c th ngng). Ngoi ra, khng cho php vic ngng hon ton c hai thit b tch mui cng lc, cc van ti u ht ca Booster bm P-1101 s ng li khi c hai van ng bypass u m thng qua kha lin hp 011-SP-815.

Nhm tng hiu qu tch mui v nc thit b tch mui cng nh gim thiu lng du cun theo dng nc thi, ha cht ph nh t b cha A-1104-D-12 c bm A-1104-P-23A/B a n cho c dng nguyn liu du th trc dy tin gia nhit ngui v trc khi vo thit b tch mui cp th hai.

H thng ra bn c dng nh k tch cc cht rn c trong du th tch t ti y ca thit b tch mui. Nc ra bn c trch ra t mt phn ca nc ra mui i t E-1128 sc vo phn cht rn tch t ti y ca b tch v cc cht rn c ra i ra khi b cng vi dng nc thi.

Nc thi trong qu trnh ra mui bao gm nc ra bn, nc trong nguyn liu du th ban u cng nh nc thi ra t qu trnh tch mui, mui v cc tp cht thi ra trong qu trnh tch mui. Nc thi c lm ngui, u tin l gia nhit cho dng nc sch cung cp cho qu trnh tch mui ti thit b trao i nhit E-1128 A-E v tip tc c lm ngui su hn ti thit b lm ngui bng khng kh (E-1129). Cui cng dng nc thi c a n phn xng x l nc thi ETP.

Bm nc ra mui P-1119A/B c s dng bm nc sch t bnh cha nc ra mui D-1109 n cc thit b trao i nhit E-1128 A-E nhm nng nhit ca nc ra mui ln 120oC trc khi i vo thit b tch mui th nht (A-1101-D-01).

Ngun nc sch dng cho qu trnh ra mui c a n bnh D-1109 c th c cp bi nc t phn xng x l nc chua Sour Water Stripper Unit (Unit 18), nc sinh hot hoc nc cng ngh t bm P-1121A/B. Tuy nhin, vic s dng dng nc cng ngh ra mui b hn ch trong trng hp ch bin du ngt.

2.2.3 L t:

nng nhit ca du th n nhit cn thit cho qu trnh chng ct (340-364oC tng ng vi trng hp vn hnh du Bch H hay du Dubai) v ha hi mt phn du th, l t H-1101 c t sau dy tin gia nhit nng.

L gia nhit H-1101 c thit k vi cng sut 83740 kW. L t bao gm 02 bung t bc x hnh tr v ch duy nht 1 vng i lu. Khi i vo vng i lu, dng du th c chia ra lm 8 nhnh i xng nhau. Sau khi ra khi vng i lu, 4 nhnh c chuyn tip v bung t th nht v 4 nhnh cn li i v bung t th 2. ng ra ca mi nhnh t ti nh ca vng bc x.

Ngoi ra, mt lng nhit t dng kh thi cn c dng to hi qu nhit thp p vi 3 dy ng trn vng i lu.

Vng bc x c b tr hai bung t ging ht nhau vi h thng ng gia nhit cho du th t thng ng. C 72 ng trong mi bung t, mi ng c chiu di l 17.9m. Nhng ng ny c cc gi t ti nh, cc im neo khong gia v y ca ng. Bc chuyn tip ca cc ng t vng i lu n vng bc x t bn ngoi l t v c hn kn.

Vng i lu t pha trn 2 bung t bao gm 18 lp ng ca 8 dy ng du th v 3 lp ng sn xut hi qu nhit. 3 lp ng cng ngh ti cui vng i lu l cc ng trn cn 15 dy ng cn li pha trn cng nh 3 dy ng sn xut hi qu nhit u c lp thm cc cnh tn nhit vi chiu cao dc theo thn ng nhm tng b mt hp thu nhit t qu trnh t nhin liu (Fuel Gas v Fuel Oil).

Mi u t c trang b h thng nh la t ng v thit b d ngn la. Dng khng kh cp cho cc u mi (pilot) c iu khin bi Venturi 011-FI-066, l mt cnh ca n gi v c th iu chnh trc tip ti l t. Dng khng kh cho php i vo u mi (pilot) c iu chnh ph thuc vo khi lng phn t ca nhin liu t. Khi dng LPG mi th Venturi s c m mt phn v iu chnh bng cch quan st mu sc ca ngn la. Tuy nhin, khi s dng nhin liu vi khi lng phn t thp hn, Venturi s ng khng cho dng khng kh i vo u mi. u mi c s dng nhin liu c khi lng phn t thp vi kh d qu nhiu, s pht ra ting n v ngi vn hnh trong trng hp ny phi ng Venturi li.

C 3 damper t pha trn vng i lu nhm iu chnh mc lu thng kh (draft) trong l t. iu chnh draft mt cch hp l, ngi vn hnh phi kim tra draft ti nh ca vng bc x thng qua s o ca thit b hin th p sut 011-PG-511 (gi tr thch hp l -2.5 mm wc.g).Ngi vn hnh c th tc ng n draft trong l t bng 3 h thng iu khin bng tay 011-HIC-510 A/B/C c lp t ngoi field cng nh x l tnh trng dng kh thi phn phi khng ng u trong l t. Cc damper c thit k vi ch ngng hon ton cho dng kh thi c th i ra ngoi mt cch thng sut. V tr ca damper m hon ton trong trng hp dng khng kh hoc dng in b h hng.

L t H-1101 c thit k vn hnh vi ch lu thng cng bc. L t c 2 qut thi (blower) (B-1101A/B) c t song song nhau (1 blower hot ng v 1 damper cn li d phng). C hai blower c thit k vi 120% cng sut thit k cho dng khng kh. Lu lng dng khng kh c iu chnh bi cc cnh dn lu khng kh mi blower. C mt thit b chuyn hng (011-XV-500) c lp t nhm cch ly gia blower d phng v blower ang chy. V tr ca thit b chuyn hng c iu chnh bng tay v bng iu chnh 011-XZL-500 c lp t nhm cho bit thng tin v v tr hin ti ca thit b chuyn hng.

Cng sut ca l t c iu khin bi nhit ca du th ra khi l. Nhit du th i vo thp chng ct chnh c iu khin thng qua b iu khin 011-TIC-070. B iu khin ny s thng qua b tnh ton nhm t ra gi tr mong mun (setpoint) cho thit b iu khin dng du t, kh t cng nh dng khng kh cn cung cp. Ni mt cch khc, khi mun tng cng sut ca l t theo yu cu, dng khng kh cp vo s tng trc khi tng dng kh nhin liu. Ngc li, khi gim cng sut ca l t, dng kh t phi gim trc khi gim dng khng kh. Dng khng kh phi lun c cung cp mt cch y v m bo trong sut qu trnh vn hnh.

Nguyn tc iu khin l t phi c tun th trong sut qu trnh vn hnh bnh thng. Tuy nhin, khi khi ng, nguyn tc ny c th c chuyn sang ch vn hnh bng tay di s gim st cht ch ca ngi vn hnh.

Khng kh d theo tnh ton (ti u) phi c duy tr ti mi thi im. iu ny c th thc hin c bng cch iu chnh t l khng kh/nhin liu (air/fuel ratio) bi b iu khin 011-HIC-077 trong sut qu trnh vn hnh.

Dng hi thp p i vo cc ng hi qu nhit c iu khin t c gi tr nhit u ra ca dng hi qu nhit theo mong mun. Cc gi tr cn iu chnh c thc hin thng qua vng iu khin 011-TT/TIC/TV-063.

2.2.4 Chng ct du th:

Nguyn liu du th ha hi mt phn i vo Thp chng ct chnh T-1101 (Main Fractionator), ti vng np liu ni m xy ra qu trnh phn tch gia hai pha lng v hi. Dng lng ri khi vng np liu c strip bi dng hi qu nhit nhm thu hi nhng cu t nh t y thp. Dng hi ri khi vng np liu v c chng tch thnh cc sn phm nh hn v 3 dng sn phm cnh sn: Heavy Gas Oil (HGO), Light Gas Oil (LGO) v Kerosene.

Cc sn phm nh hn (Gas, LPG va Naphtha) t phn nh ca thp chng ct c ngng t, dn n bnh tch 3 pha (Accumulator) tch dng Naphtha ra khi nc v kh, sau Naphtha c lm cho tinh khit hn ti thp n nh xng T-1107 v dng LPG c thu hi phn nh thp.

Cc sn phm nng hn c ly ra bn cnh sn thp bi qu trnh hi lu ni xy ra bn trong thp v dng hi qu nhit c s dng tch cc thnh phn nh ti cc thp stripper T-1103/1104. Ring thp T-1102 s dng Reboiler bc hi phn nh.

c tnh ca mi phn on c th c thay i theo yu cu nhng s lm nh hng n phn on lin k n. V c bn, hu ht cc tiu chun v sn phm chng ct du th xut pht t phng php ASTM. Phng php ny cho bit nhit v thnh phn cu t bay hi tng ng. Mt cch khc nhm iu chnh cc ch tiu ca sn phm l xc nh im si cui ti a cho php (ASTM End Point) i vi mi phn on.

im si cui ca mi phn on ph thuc nhiu vo khi lng dng c ly ra t thp chng ct. Thay i lu lng sn phm ly ra l mt phng thc nhm gi cho im si cui ca sn phm t tiu chun. Nhit ca a m ti dng sn phm bn c rt ra hin th im si cui ca sn phm v ngi vn hnh c kinh nghim s thay i lu lng dng sn phm c rt ra nhm gi nhit ti a rt sn phm l khng i v v th sn phm s t tiu chun.

Nhm gim lu lng hi v lng lu thng trong thp, tn dng thu hi nhit cng nh tng hiu sut tch, c 4 dng hi lu tun hon c s dng n: dng hi lu tun hon nh, dng hi lu tun hon Kerosene, dng hi lu tun hon LGO v dng hi lu tun hon HGO.Thp chng ct chnh c 48 a c chia ra lm 2 vng vi ng knh thp l khc nhau: vng th nht t a s 1 n a 42 vi ng knh trong thp l 6700mm v vng th hai t a 43 n a 48 vi ng knh l 4000mm vi tng chiu cao ca thn thp l 42850 mm.

Thp chng ct c th c chia thnh 6 vng nh sau:

Vng sn phm nh

Vng Kerosene.

Vng Light Gas Oil.

Vng Heavy Gas Oil.

Vng Overflash (vng np liu).

Vng cn.

2.2.4.1 Vng sn phm nh (overhead section):

Dng hi lu tun hon nh ca thp chng ct cung cp lng hi lu n vng nh ca T-1101 v gi cho nhit ti nh thp n nh. Bm hi lu tun hon nh (Top pumparound pump) P-1102A/B rt dng lng t a s 4 ca thp v bm n thit b trao i nhit E-1112. Ti E-1112, dng lng c lm lnh bng khng kh, sau quay tr li thp chng ct chnh ti a s 1. Qu trnh tch nhit t dng hi lu tun hon nh cm trao i nhit bng khng kh (E-1112) c iu chnh kim sot nhit ti nh thng qua cc van iu khin UV-079 v UV-080.

Dng hi t nh thp sau khi c b sung ha cht chng n mn v ha cht trung ha s c ngng t hon ton ti thit b lm lnh E-1111 (Main Fractionator Condenser) n khong 45oC. Dng sn phm sau khi ra khi cm trao i nhit c ngng t chy n bnh tch ba pha D-1103 (Main Fractionator Accumulator Drum).

Ti bnh tch ba pha D-1103, nc c tch ra t dng Naphtha cha x l (unstabilised naphtha) v chy n bnh D-1106 thng qua van iu khin mc 011-LV-040. Dng Naphtha cha x l c gia nhit bi dng sn phm Naphtha t y ca thp n nh xng T-1107 ti thit b trao i nhit E-1118A/B (Stabiliser feed/Bottom Exchanger) trc khi a vo lm nguyn liu cho thp n nh xng T-1107 thng qua bm P-1110A/B.

B iu khin 011-PIC-064 duy tr p sut khng i l 0.98 kg/cm2g trong bnh tch 3 pha D-1103 bi van iu khin PV-064 A/B/C. Trong trng hp p sut ti bnh tch 3 pha D-1103 thp, van iu kin 011-PV-064A s m a dng kh nhin liu i vo bnh nhm nng p sut ca bnh. Trong trng hp p sut trong bnh cao, dng kh d (off gas) t bnh s c a n phn xng RFCC (phn xng Cracking xc tc) bi van iu khin 011-PV-064B. Ngoi ra, khi van iu khin 011-PV-064B c m hon ton nhng p sut ti bnh tch vn tng ln, dng kh d (off gas) c dn n h thng t uc (flare system) thng qua van iu khin 011-PV-064C.

2.2.4.2 Vng Kerosene (Kerosene Section):

Kerosene c ly ra ti a 15 v mt phn tun hon n dy cc thit b gia nhit s b (E-1102) thng qua bm hi lu tun hon dng Kerosene P-1103A/B (Kerosene pumparound pump). t c hiu qu tch tt ca qu trnh chng ct trong thp T-1101 cng nh p ng c im ct gia hai phn on Naphtha v Kerosene theo yu cu th lng nhit cn ly ra t dng Kerosene tun hon c iu khin bi cng sut ca thit b trao i nhit E-1102 thng qua b iu khin cng sut nhit 011-UIC-029 bng cch s dng cc van iu khin 011-UV-083/084 iu khin dng Kerosene i qua thit b trao i nhit v ng ni tt (bypass). Sau dng Kerosene quay tr li thp chng ct chnh T-1101 ti a 12.

Phn cn li ca dng Kerosene c a n thp Kerosene Stripper T-1102 thng qua van iu khin 011-LV-011. Thp T-1102 ny gm c 10 a v thit b ti un si Kerosene (E-1110), l thit b trao i nhit bng cch dng dng hi lu tun hon HGO gia nhit. C th s dng dng hi qu nhit (Superheated LP Steam) ti y thp nhng khng cn thit trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng.

Dng hi t nh ca thp T-1102 quay tr li thp chng ct chnh ti a 12. Sn phm Kerosene ti y thp c bm n thit b lm lnh bng khng kh E-1114 (Kerosene Air Cooler), sau c lm ngui bi nc lm lnh ti E-1115 (Kerosene Water Cooler) n khong 40oC thng qua bm P-1107A/B ( Kerosene Product Pump) trc khi i n lm nguyn liu cho phn xng x l Kerosene (Kerosene Treating Unit).

2.2.4.3 Vng Light Gas Oil (Light Gas Oil Section):

Dng Light Gas Oil (LGO) c ly ra ti a 26 ca thp chng ct v mt phn c bm hi lu tun hon thng qua bm P-1104A/B, phn cn li c a n LGO Stripper.

Bm hi lu tun hon LGO P-1104 (LGO Pumparound Pump) a mt phn ca dng LGO n dy tin gia nhit nng (Hot Preheat Train) ti E-1106A-F. t c hiu qu tch tt ca qu trnh chng ct trong thp T-1101 cng nh p ng c im ct gia hai phn on LGO v HGO theo yu cu th lng nhit cn ly ra t dng LGO tun hon c iu khin bi cng sut ca thit b trao i nhit E-1106A-E thng qua b iu khin cng sut nhit 011-UIC-032 bng cch s dng cc van iu khin 011-UV-087/088 iu khin dng LGO i qua thit b trao i nhit v ng ni tt (bypass). Sau dng LGO quay tr li thp chng ct chnh T-1101 ti a 23.

Phn cn li ca dng LGO c iu chnh bi van iu khin 011-LV-013 v c a n thp tch cnh sn LGO Stripper T-1103. Thp T-1103 gm c 6 a v dng hi qu nhit (Superheated LP Steam) phun vo y thp c iu khin thng qua van 011-FV-017.

Dng kh t nh ca T-1103 quay tr li thp T-1101 ti a 23. Sn phm LGO ti y thp T-1103 i n E-1103 trao i nhit vi dng du th trc khi i n thp lm kh LGO bng chn khng (T-1105).

2.2.4.4 Vng Heavy Gas Oil (Heavy Gas Oil Section):

Dng Heavy Gas Oil (HGO) c ly ra ti a 38 ca thp chng ct, mt phn c a n bm hi lu tun hon HGO (HGO pumparound Pump) P-1105A/B v phn cn li chuyn n thp tch cnh sn T-1104 (HGO Stripper).

Bm hi lu tun hon HGO P-1105 (HGO Pumparound Pump) a mt phn ca dng HGO n dy tin gia nhit nng (Hot Preheat Train) ti E-1109. Sau HGO c a n thit b ti un si E-1110 gia nhit cho dng Kerosene t y ca thp T-1102. t c hiu qu tch tt ca qu trnh chng ct trong thp T-1101 cng nh p ng c im ct gia hai phn on HGO v phn on cn theo yu cu th lng nhit cn ly ra t dng HGO tun hon c iu khin bi cng sut ca thit b trao i nhit E-1109 thng qua b iu khin cng sut nhit 011-UIC-031 (iu khin lng nhit ly ra thit b trao i nhit E-1109) v 011-UIC-033 (iu khin lng nhit tng ly ra ca dng hi lu tun hon HGO) bng cch s dng cc van iu khin 011-UV-085/086/089/090 iu khin dng HGO i qua thit b trao i nhit v ng ni tt (bypass). Sau dng HGO quay tr li thp chng ct chnh T-1101 ti a 35. Phn cn li ca dng HGO i n thp tch cnh sn HGO Stripper T-1104, dng ny c iu khin bi cm iu khin 011-LV-016. Thp T-1104 gm c 6 a v dng hi nc qu nhit (Superheated LP Steam) phun vo y thp c iu khin bi van 011-FV-019.

Dng hi t nh ca thp T-1104 quay tr li thp chng ct chnh ti a 35. Sn phm HGO t y ca thp tch cnh sn T-1104 chy n thit b trao i nhit E-1107 v E-1104 trc khi a n thp lm kh HGO bng chn khng T-1106.

2.2.4.5 Vng Np Liu (Overflash Section):

Vng np liu l im m nguyn liu du th i vo thp chng ct sau khi ra khi l t. Vng np liu l khu vc nm gia a th 42 v 43. Dng nguyn liu du th i vo thp chng ct thng qua cc ming ng t theo tip tuyn ca thp (tangential nozzle) m bo s phn b tt cho c hai pha lng v hi ti vng np liu.

Dng hi nng i ln pha trn ca thp v tip xc pha vi dng lng hi lu t trn xung dc theo thn thp.

Dng lng t vng np liu chy trn xung y thp v dng hi qu nhit c a vo t y thp tch cc cu t nh ra khi vng cn.

2.2.4.6 Vng cn chng ct (Residue section):

tch nhng phn nh ra khi dng cn chng ct, hi qu nhit (superheated LP steam) c phun vo lin tc y thp chng ct chnh. Lu lng ca dng hi qu nhit c iu chnh bi van iu khin 011-FV-012.

Mc cht lng ti y ca thp chng ct chnh T-1101 c iu khin bi b iu khin 011-LIC-007 thng qua cc van 011-FV-026/027/029 trn dng cn (residue) sau khi ra khi dy tin gia nhit ngui. Qu trnh iu khin c thc hin theo yu cu cung cp lng du cn i n lm nguyn liu cho phn xng RFCC thng qua van iu khin 011-FV-029 (trc thit b trao i nhit E-1120A-D); phn cn li ca cn chng ct, sau khi c lm lnh n nhit 85oC ti thit b trao i nhit E-1120A-D s c a n b cha thng qua cm van iu khin 011-FV-026/027 (iu khin theo kiu chia khong).

Cn chng ct t y ca thp chng ct chnh (ti nhit 330-350oC) c bm n dy cc thit b trao i nhit bi bm cn chng ct (Residue Pump) P-1106A/B. C th, dng cn chng ct du th c bm n cc thit b trao i nhit theo trnh t nh sau: E-1134A/B, E-1108A-D, E-1105 A-J, E-1101 A-H.

Nhit ca dng cn c loi b bi qu trnh trao i nhit vi dng nc m (tempered water) ti cm thit b trao i nhit E-1120 A-D (Residue /Tempered Water Cooler). Sau dng nc m c lm ngui li ti thit b lm lnh bng khng kh E-1133 (Tempered Water Air Cooler). Bm P-1122 A/B (Tempered Water Pump) s tun hon dng nc m c lm ngui t thit b lm lnh bng khng kh E-1133, trong trng hp cn thit b sung nc t bnh cha nc m D-1115 (Tempered Water Drum), n thit b trao i nhit E-1120A/B nh mt lu cht lm lnh.

2.2.5 Cm thp n nh xng (Stabilizer Section):

Xng cha n nh (Unstabilised Naphtha) t bnh tch 3 pha D-1103 c tin gia nhit ti thit b trao i nhit E-1118 trc khi i vo thp n nh xng T-1107 (Stabilizer Column), l ni m LPG c tch ra t dng Naphtha. Thp n nh xng chia thnh 2 vng vi cc ng knh ca thp l: 1500mm ti vng nh v 2600mm ti y ca thp, vi 32 a cng vi thit b ti un si E-1121 (Stabilizer Reboiler) ti y v h thng hi lu ngoi ti nh thp.

Dng hi trn nh thp c ngng t mt phn ti cm thit b lm lnh bng khng kh E-1122 (stabiliser Condenser), sau i n bnh tch 3 pha D-1104 (Stabilizer Reflux Drum). Ti bnh tch D-1104, dng kh d (off gas), LPG v nc c tch ra.

p sut ti thp n nh xng T-1107 c iu khin bi van 011-PV-068B, bng cch iu chnh dng kh d (off gas) x n phn xng RFCC. Trong trng hp van PV-068B m nhng p sut vn vt qu gii hn, van iu khin 011-PV-068C c m ra x n h thng uc t (Flare). Mc nc ti y ca bnh tch D-1104 c iu khin bi cm iu khin 011-LV-050 v nc c a n bnh tch D-1103.

Mt phn LPG c hi lu tr li nh ca thp n nh xng T-1107 bi bm P-1114A/B (Stabilizer Reflux Pump). Dng hi lu ny c iu khin bi van 011-FV-036.

Phn cn li ca LPG c bm P-1115A/B (stabilizer LPG pump) a n cm thu hi kh ti phn xng RFCC. Cht lng dng LPG c iu khin thng qua b tnh ton v t l ca dng nguyn liu i vo thp n nh xng (dng nguyn liu c iu khin bi van 011-FIC-032) vi hm lng Pentane c trong dng LPG (c xc nh bi thit b phn tch 011-AIC-004). Ngoi ra cn c ng dn dng LPG n b cha LPG khng t tiu chun.

Dng lng t y ca thp n nh xng T-1107 c un nng thng qua thit b ti un si E-1121 (Stabilizer Reboiler). Thit b ny s dng hi cao p (High Pressure Steam) nh mt dng nng gia nhit. Dng hi cao p ny c gim s qu nhit ti thit b Desuperheater (DS-1101) bi dng nc cao p cp cho ni hi (BFW).

Dng Full Range Naphtha i ra t y thp c dng gia nhit cho dng nguyn liu u vo ca thp n nh xng ti thit b trao i nhit E-1118A/B. Mc cht lng ti y ca thp n nh xng T-1107 c iu khin bi b iu khin 011-UC-042 thng qua cc van 011-FV-040 v 011-FV-041. Dng naphtha c lm lnh su hn ti thit b lm lnh bng khng kh E-1126 (Full Range Naphtha Air Cooler) v tip theo l lm ngui bng nc lm lnh ti thit b trao i nhit E-1127 (Full Range Naphtha Water Cooler) trc khi a n b lu tr.2.2.6 Cc thit b lm kh bng chn khng:

Cc dng sn phm bn LGO v HGO t qu trnh chng ct c a n thit b lm kh bng chn khng LGO Drier T-1105 v HGO Drier T-1106 tng ng. Mi thp gm c 4 a.

Sn phm LGO t y ca thp lm kh bng chn khng T-1105 c bm n thit b lm lnh bng khng kh E-1116 (LGO Product Air Cooler) bi bm P-1112A/B. Thit b ny s lm lnh dng sn phm LGO n nhit 55oC trc khi a n b cha (TK-5115).

Sn phm HGO t y ca thp lm kh bng chn khng T-1106 c bm n thit b lm lnh bng khng kh E-1117 (HGO Product Air Cooler) bi bm P-1113A/B. Thit b ny cng vi thit b trao i nhit bng nc lm lnh E-1119 s gim nhit ca dng sn phm HGO n 55oC trc khi a n b cha (TK-5109).

Mi thp lm kh bng chn khng c mt h thng iu khin mc, c thc hin bi cc van iu khin theo mc 011-LV-019 v 011-LV-022 nm trn ng np liu ca cc thp T-1105 v T-1106 tng ng.

p sut vn hnh c duy tr gi tr -0.9kg/cm2.g ti 2 thp lm kh bng chn khng (T-1105 v T-1106) bi h thng to chn khng A-1102 (Vacuum Package).2.2.7 Vng to chn khng cho thp lm kh (Vacuum Section):

H thng to chn khng duy tr p sut chn khng ti cc thp lm kh da trn nguyn l ca hiu ng Ventury. H thng ny bao gm mt thit b ngng t s cp A-1102-E-30 (Pre-condenser) v hai thit b ngng t th cp A-1102-E-31 v A-1102-E-32 (After-Condenser). Mi thit b ngng t th cp c mt dy gm 3 Ejector ni song song nhau: A-1102-J-01 A/B/C cho cp th nht v A-1102-J-02 A/B/C cho cp th hai.

Mc ch ca cc Ejector ny l cun cc dng hi sn phm nh v cc kh khng ngng theo dng hi trung p (middle pressure motive steam). Mc ch ca cc thit b ngng t l ngng t cng nhiu hi nc v kh Hydrocarbon cng tt. Nc lm lnh c s dng nh mt lu cht lm lnh trong cc thit b ngng t.

Phn ngng t thu c t cc thit b ngng t c x n bnh tch 3 pha nc/du D-1106 (Drier Oil/Water Separator), ni m nc c tch ra t pha Hydrocarbon. Pha Hydrocarbon c bm n h thng du thi (Slop) bi bm P-1120A/B (Drier Slop Oil Pump), cn nc c bm bi bm P-1121A/B (Ejector Condensate Pump) n phn xng x l nc chua SWS (Stripped Water System).

Dng kh d (off-gas) t bnh tch 3 pha D-1106 c dn n bnh tch kh d (off gas) D-1107 (Drier Off-gas Seal Pot) trc khi c em i t ti l gia nhit du th H-11012.2.8 Ha cht b sung:

C 4 loi ha cht c b sung mt cch lin tc cho phn xng chng ct du th. Cc v tr a ha cht vo dng cng ngh c m t vn tt nh sau:

2.2.8.1 Cht trung ha (Neutralizer):

Ha cht trung ha c s dng trnh ti a s n mn bi qu trnh trung ha cc axit HCl v iu chnh pH ca dng xng Naphtha b ngng t trong dng hi cng nh trn thit b ngng t dng sn phm nh.

Trong trng hp ny lng ha cht trung ha lin tc a vo trn ng hi sn phm nh ca thp chng ct chnh T-1101, trc thit b lm lnh E-1111 vo khong 5ppm (tng ng vi 0.002 m3/h). Dng ny c iu chnh th cng bi ngi vn hnh ngoi hin trng.

Ha cht c bm t b lu tr dung dch trung ha A-1104-D-10 (Neutralizer Storage Drum) n im phun ha cht bi bm A-1104-P-26A/B (Neutralizer Injection Pump).

2.2.8.2 Ha cht c ch n mn (Corrosion Inhibitor):

Cht c ch n mn c cung cp nhm chng li hin tng n mn thp carbon bi s tn cng t cc axit: H2S, HCl, CO2, axit hu c, cc axit SOx v HCN.

Cht c ch n mn c a vo ti 2 im sau:

+ Trn dng hi sn phm nh ca thp tch chnh T-1101 (bn v 011-PID-0021-112).

+ Ti u ht ca bm hi lu tun hon nh Top Pumparound Pump P-1102A/B (bn v 011-PID-0021-113).

Ha cht c bm t bnh cha ha cht c ch n mn A-1104-D-11 (Corrosion Inhibitor Storage Drum) n cc im tip nhn ha cht bi bm A-1104-P-25A/B (Corrosion Inhibitor Pump) v c iu tit bi van v thit b o lu lng dng t ti mi im phun ha cht.

Tng lu lng dng ha cht c ch n mn a vo dng cng ngh l 2ppm (tng ng vi 0.002 m3/h).

2.2.8.3 Cht ph nh (Demulsifier):

Cht ph nh lm tng hiu qu tch nc v mui trong thit b tch mui gim s n mn trong phn xng. Cht ph nh lm tng ti a lu lng dng du th bi iu chnh lp nh tng to thnh ti b mt phn cch nc/du ca thit b tch mui.

Cht ph nh c a vo ti 2 im:

Ti ng du th trc khi i vo dy tin gia nhit ngui (Cold Preheat Crude Train) (bn v 011-PID-0021-101).

Ti ng du th trc khi i vo thit b tch mui cp th hai. Dng ha cht ny c cp theo yu cu trong qu trnh khi ng phn xng (bn v 011-PID-0021-104).

Ha cht ny c bm t bnh cha cht ph nh A-1104-D-12 (Demulsifier Storage Drum) n cc im tip nhn bi bm A-1104-P-23A/B (Demulsifier Injection Pump) v c iu tit bi van v thit b o lu lng dng t ti mi im phun ha cht.Tng lu lng dng cht ph nh a vo dng cng ngh l 1.5ppm (tng ng vi 0.002 m3/h).

2.2.8.4 Cht chng ng cn (Antifoulant):

Cht chng ng cn lm gim qu trnh to cn bn trong dng cng ngh bi coke, polymers, cn bn, cc cht hnh thnh t qu trnh n mn, nha v cc thnh phn khc.

Cht chng ng cn c a vo ti 2 im:

Ti ng du th trc khi i vo dy tin gia nhit ngui (Cold Preheat Crude Train) (Bn v 011-PID-0021-101).

Ti ng du th trc khi i vo dy tin gia nhit nng, pha trc u ht ca Booster bm P-1101A/B (Bn v 011-PID-0021-105).

Ha cht ny c bm t bnh cha cht chng to cn A-1104-D-13A/B (Antifoulant Storage Drum) n cc im tip nhn thng qua bm A-1104-P24A/B (Antifoulant Injection Pump) v c iu tit bi van v thit b o lu lng dng t ti mi im phun ha cht.

Tng lu lng dng cht chng n mn a vo dng cng ngh l 5ppm (tng ng vi 0.005 m3/h).

2.3 Nguyn l cng ngh:

2.3.1 Gi thit b tch mui:

Thit b tch mui vi h thng li in v cc bn in cc to ra trng in t bn trong bnh tch mui. Do trng in t, cc ht nc s lin kt li vi nhau to thnh cc ht c kch thc ln hn. Cc ht nc c dng hnh cu c sc cng b mt l thp nht. Di tc ng ca trng in t c hiu in th cao, cc ht nc s b bin dng v hnh thnh nn trng thi lng cc. Cc ht mang in tch dng s b ht v bn in cc m v ngc li cc ht mang in tch m s b ht v bn in cc dng. Hai ht lin k nhau s ht ln nhau. Cc lc ht gia cc ht nc c xu hng ko chng li vi nhau, nu lc ny ln th chng c th ph v lin kt nh tng kt hp li vi nhau v lng xung y ca bnh tch mui.

S lin kt gia cc ht di tc dng ca trng in t din ra rt nhanh chng. Cha y 1/10 giy, hu ht cc ht kt hp li vi nhau.

Dng mt trng in t ph hp tc l:

S phn b ca cc ht nc l hp l (ti thiu 3% th tch ca lp nh tng nc/du).

Kch c v s phn b ca cc ht nc trong du l hp l (Bi tc ng ca thit b to nh).

Mt trng in t ti u.

Nu mt trong cc thng s trn khng m bo cng nh khng ph hp, qu trnh lin kt gia cc ht nc xy ra khng hon ton.

2.3.2 Gi thit b to chn khng:

Cc Ejector nh l cc bm ng lc s dng nng lng ca dng hi (Hi trung p MP steam c s dng trong trng hp ny) duy tr lu lng ca dng th cp bi s thay i t ngt ca p sut. Chng c nhng tnh nng u vit nh sau:

Khng c nhng thit b ng.

Khng cn bo dng nu khng tht cn thit.

Cng sut lm vic ko di hn mt nm.

Ejector gm c 3 thnh phn chnh: u phun, bung hn hp v b khuch tn (diffuser). Nguyn l hot ng ca Ejector ny l nng lng p sut (th nng) ca dng hi c chuyn i thnh nng lng vn tc dng (ng nng) ti vi phun. Vn tc dng hi cao s cun theo cc Hydrocarbon cng nh kh khng ngng t thp lm kh LGO v HGO. Hn hp hi nc, Hydrocarbon v kh khng ngng s n b phn khuch tn, ni m nng lng vn tc c chuyn i thnh nng lng p sut p sut ca hn hp ti u ra ca Ejector cao hn rt nhiu p sut u vo ca bung hn hp.

2.4 Cng ngh thit b:

Cc cng ngh trong qu trnh chng ct kh quyn u c qui c. a s thit b u ch to t thp carbon, ngoi tr cc vng b t nng nhit cao phi c ch to t hp kim. Trong vng chu n mn trng thi lnh (nh thp, thit b hi lu) phi c to t vt liu ph hp hoc phi ph cc lp hp kim hay polymer c bit. Ngoi ra, trong thc t ngi ta thng cho km theo cc hp cht chng n mn. Mt phn ca thp chng ct kh quyn thng c ph lp hp kim c 12% crm.

Thp thng c trang b cc a kiu a van. a thng c ch to t thp hp kim 12% crm. Trong cc vng phn on hoc vng ra ngy nay ngi ta thng s dng m.

Qu trnh nhp liu cho thp khng phun trc tip vo thp m s cho theo phng tip tuyn hoc kiu trc cnh nhm trnh lm nh hng n qu trnh hot ng ca thp v nhm mc ch to iu kin thun li cho phn ly phn nh.

Cc thit b trao i nhit thng l kiu ng chm, p sut lm vic danh ngha khng c vt qu 30 bar.

2.5 Cc bin cng ngh:

Mc ch ca phn ny l m t cc thng s chnh trong qu trnh vn hnh phn xng. Cc thng s gm: lu lng nguyn liu ca phn xng CDU, nhit u ra ca l gia nhit, nhit nh ca thp phn tch chnh T-1101, cng sut dng hi lu tun hon v nhit y ca thp n nh xng T-1107.

2.5.1 Lu lng nguyn liu CDU:

Nguyn liu u vo ca phn xng c cung cp bi bm du th P-6001 A/B/C t phn xng U60. Dng du th i qua cm tin gia nhit ngui (cold preheat train) v i vo thit b tch mui. gi cho p sut ca thit b tch mui khng thay i, dng du th t cc bm np liu c ci t c lu lng dng bng vi dng qua l t (011-FIC-069), thng qua cc b iu khin 011-FY-092 v 011-HY-002.

Nu p sut trong thit b tch mui tng th lu lng du th vo t bm np liu P-6001A/B/C s gim.

2.5.2 Nhit u ra ca l gia nhit:

Thng s ny rt quan trng bi v n l nhn t quyt nh n t l overflash ca thp. Nu cn tng cng sut ca l t, th lu lng khng kh c tng trc khi lu lng nhin liu c tng. V ngc li, khi gim cng sut l t th gim lu lng nhin liu trc tin, sau mi gim lu lng khng kh vo l t. Vic iu khin ny m bo rng l gia nhit lun c vn hnh vi mt lng khng kh d, m bo s chy hon ton ca nhin liu.

2.5.3 Nhit ti nh ca thp phn tch chnh T-1101:

Nhit hi dng sn phm nh ca thp phn tch chnh T-1101 c iu khin bi lng nhit ly ra t dng hi lu tun hon nh. Nhit ny rt quan trng v im si cui ca sn phm Naphtha t nh thp tch chnh T-1101 c th c iu chnh thng qua vic thay i gi tr setpoint ny. Nu nhit ci t (setpoint) thp, c ngha cng sut ca dng hi lu tun hon nh tng ln. Kt qu l im si cui ca sn phm nh v khi lng ca n s gim xung. Ngc li im si cui ca sn phm nh c th c tng ln bng cch ci t gi tr iu khin ny vi mt gi tr nhit cao hn, iu ny s tng lng hi i ln nh thp v lm tng im si cui v khi lng ca Naphtha.

2.5.4 p sut ca thp phn tch chnh:

p sut vn hnh ca thp ph thuc vo p sut iu khin t bnh ngng t sn phm nh ca thp chnh, D-1103. p sut trong thp chng ct du th b nh hng bi lng hi to thnh v mc ngng t t phn sn phm nh thp.S ho hi trong iu kin p sut khng thay i ph thuc vo thnh phn ca du th, lng nhit c cung cp v phn tch ca chnh bn thn n t c.

2.5.5 Cc dng hi lu tun hon:

Cc dng hi lu tun hon phi c iu khin tt t c cht lng sn phm nh mong mun. Nu cng sut ca cc dng hi lu tun hon qu ln hay qu nh, th s bay hi trong thp s khc nhau, kt qu l phn tch ca sn phm xy ra km. Qu trnh iu khin l tc ng vo dng sn phm tun hon tr li thp v chnh lch nhit gia dng ly ra v dng tun hon tr li thp.

Cc dng hi lu tun hon l nhn t then cht duy tr ti u t l gia lng v hi trong qu trnh phn tch ca thp. S ly nhit khng hp l v phn phi khng tt ca cc dng hi lu tun hon s dn n p sut trong thp cao hn, s phn tch gia cc cu t km hn v s tng p sut trong vng bay hi. S ly nhit qu nhiu t cc dng hi lu tun hon c th dn n s kh khn trong vic kim sot im si cui v c th gy ra hin tng ngp lt bn trong thp.

2.5.6 S iu chnh v ch tiu cht lng sn phm:

Cc ch tiu cht lng sn phm trong thp phn tch chnh T-1101 c th c iu chnh l nhit si ca phn on v im chp chy. Ni chung, nu c s phn tch din ra tt, im si cui ca mt phn on ny bng vi im si u ca phn on nng hn k tip cng vi gi tr chnh lch (Gap) hoc tr i gi tr chng lp (Overlap). Gi tr Gap l kt qu n t qu trnh phn tch tt, ngc li gi tr Overlap cng tng th hiu qu phn tch cng gim. Lu lng rt ra ca cc sn phm cnh sn c iu chnh t c im si cui nh yu cu, thng thng th gi tr ny c ci t bt u t trn nh thp xung.

Theo nguyn tc chung, s tng ca lu lng ly ra ca sn phm cnh sn s tng im si cui ca n v ngc li. S hin th ca im si cui chnh l nhit ra khi thp ca sn phm cnh sn. Tng nng sut sn phm cnh sn, tc l tng nhit ca dng sn phm ly ra khi thp v im si cui ca sn phm.

im chp chy ca sn phm LGO v HGO c th c iu chnh bng cch ci t phn tch nh bi FIC-017 v FIC-019 tng ng ( gim im chp chy th cn phi tng phn tch gia cc phn on vi nhau). Tuy nhin, phn tch ch c th tng ln n nhit si cui ca sn phm nh hn k tip. Nu cn yu cu tng im chp chy ca phn on ny ln cao hn na th cc s thay i khc cn phi c thc hin, l tng im si cui ca phn on nh hn k tip n.im chp chy ca sn phm Kerosene c th c iu chnh bi nng sut ca thit b ti un si E-1110 thng qua cm iu khin 011-UIC-031, hoc bng dng hi qu nhit thng qua cm iu khin 011-FIC-015 trong trng hp E-1110 khng hot ng.

T trng l thng s c quan h trc tip n im si u v im si cui ca sn phm, do vic thay i hiu sut sn phm i hi phi ph hp vi tiu chun sn phm.

im ng c lin quan n thnh phn ho hc ca sn phm. Khi im si cui ca sn phm tng, hm lng paraffin trong sn phm cng tng, do im ng c ca sn phm s cao hn.

2.5.7 Hi qu nhit dng tch phn nh trong thp tch chnh T-1101:

Tng lu lng ca tc nhn ny, c th lm gim thnh phn nh trong phn on du cn, tng im chp chy v im si u ca cn chng ct kh quyn. Lu lng ca dng hi qu nhit c iu khin bi van 011-FV-012, n s nh hng n nhit ca vng bay hi v lng overflash.

2.5.8 Overflash:

Overflash l phn nguyn liu bay hi b sung cho phn sn phm nh v cc sn phm cnh sn. Overflash ngng t ti nhng a thuc vng ra v quay tr v vng bay hi v khu vc phn tch thnh phn nh y. Mc ch ca n l chng li s to cc ti cc a thuc vng ra v s cun theo cc ra khi thp theo cc sn phm cnh sn. N cng l bin iu khin qu trnh phn tch gia dng cnh sn v dng cn ca y thp, bi v dng hi lu ni t a rt sn phm cnh sn pha trn c yu cu ngng t dng overflash.

Phn xng CDU c thit k vi gi tr overflash nh nht l 5%.

2.5.9 Nhit ca thp n nh xng T-1107:

Nhit y ca thp n nh xng phi c iu khin t tiu chun hm lng C4- trong dng sn phm y. Qu trnh iu khin ny l mt qu trnh cascade vi dng hi cao p c s dng iu khin nhit y thp n nh xng. Nu nhit y thp gim, th tng lng hi cao p ln, v p ng li thay i ny nhit s tng ln li.

Nhit vng nh thp quyt nh n cht lng ca sn phm LPG, nhit ny c iu chnh bi E-1122 (t ng iu chnh gi tr tng bc). Nu gi gi tr iu khin ny nhit thp hn th s gim hm lng C5 trong sn phm LPG v gim sn lng sn phm, ng thi lm tng lu lng hi lu ngoi ca thp. Tng nhit ny s ng thi tng sn lng v hm lng C5 trong LPG v lu lng hi lu ngoi s gim.Chng 3 S LC V PRO/II3.1 S lc v phn mm Pro/II: Pro/II l mt trong nhng sn phm ca t hp SIMSCI. Cng ty ny c thnh lp t nm 1957 chuyn v thit k cc phn mm m phng dng trong cng ngh ha hc, c bit l ngnh cng nghip lc - ha du. Hin nay sn phm ca t hp ny kh a dng, bao gm cc phn mm thit k cc thit b, ng ng, tnh ton kinh t...Phn mm thit k m phng Pro/II l sn phm u tin ca SIMSCI, l kt qu ca nhiu ln nng cp t nm 1967 n nm 1988 v chnh thc ra i vi tn gi Pro/II. Hin nay phn mm ny vn khng ngng nng cp v c phin bn Pro/II 9.0 (trong ti ny s dng phin bn 9.0).

Phn mm ny c th s dng vo nhiu qu trnh khc nhau: X l du v kh

Tinh ch

Ha du

Polyme

Dc phm

Cc ng dng m phng gm: Thit k mi cc qu trnh

c tnh cu hnh thit b

Hin i ha v nng cp cc thit b c

G ri v lm thng sut h thng thit b

nh gi vn mi trng ca nh my

Kim tra, ti u ha, ci tin hiu sut v li nhun ca nh my.

3.2 Cc bc tin hnh m phng: Pro/II cho php ngi dng c nhiu phng php lu chn nhp d liu. Mc d vy Pro/II c nhng cnh bo khi d liu bt buc b thiu. V vy, khi xy dng mt s cng ngh m phng th cn theo cc bc sao cho mang tnh logic. Di y l mt trnh t:

Xy dng s

La chn h n v

Xc nh cc cu t cho d n

Chn cc phng php nhit ng hc v tnh cht vn chuyn

Cung cp cc d liu cho dng v thit b

Cung cp cc iu kin lm vic cho qu trnh

Chy d n m phng

ch l nhng bc c bn chng trnh chy, thc t m phng mt lu trnh hay mt phn xng... th bc u tin v v cng quan trng l lp m hnh m phng. bc ny ngi dng phi n gin ha s cng ngh thc, b i nhng thit b khng cn thit, chuyn i cc m hnh thc thnh m hnh l thuyt, tinh chnh m hnh.

Hinh 3. 1 Giao din phn mm Pro/IISau khi chng trnh chy v c kt qu th bc cui cng l c v phn tch kt qu m phng. V ngn ng ca chng trnh l ting Anh, nn cc bo co c trnh by bng ngn ng ny. Tuy nhin, cch trnh by cng gip ngi dng d theo di, iu quan trng l ngi dng s khai thc c nhng g t cc kt qu . T , xem xt s liu c khp vi cc s liu thc khng hoc sai khc th no, nu c s chnh lch nhiu phi tm ra nguyn nhn dn n sai s.Pro/II l mt phn mm m phng tnh ton, cc qu trnh m phng u trng thi tnh-m t trng thi hot ng n nh ca h thng. l cn bng vt cht, cc tnh cht ha l, cc tnh cht c trng ca cht nh RVP, im vn c, RON...Nh vy, Pro/II l phn mm rt hu ch, l cng c c lc trong vic m phng mt m hnh h thng trng thi tnh.Tuy nhin, Pro/II khng c cc thit b iu khin v o lng nh phn mm Dynsim (mt phn mm ca SIMSCI chuyn m phng mt qu trnh thay i theo thi gian). Kt qu m phng trng thi tnh khng cho php m t cc nh hng ca vic thay i cc thng s iu khin n qu trnh lm vic ca thit b.Chng 4 M PHNG PHN XNG CDU CA NH MY LC DU DUNG QUT BNG PHN MM M PHNG PRO/II4.1 Nguyn liu: Nguyn liu ti s dng m phng l du th Bch H. Hin nay, tr lng du th Bch H cn rt t. Do , hin ti ang c ti tm kim mt loi du th c kh nng thay th du th Bch H. Cc c trng k thut ca du th Bch H c ly da theo cc phn tch ca hng Intertek ca Malaysia (nm 2009) nh sau:

ng cong TBP:Bang 4. 1 S liu ng cong TBP ca du th Bch H.

Nhit si(C) % khi lng

68.002.86

93.004.39

157.0012.82

204.0020.06

260.0028.44

315.0038.65

371.0050.76

427.0063.34

482.0076.18

566.0085.92

Hinh 4.1 ng cong TBP ca du th Bch H..

T trng: API: 39.2 Thnh phn phn nh (lights end):Bang 4.2 S liu cc thnh phn nh ca du th Bch H

Cu t% khi lng

C10.0002

C20.0031

C30.0327

iC40.0488

nC40.2122

iC50.3741

nC50.6270

cyclopentan0.0300

2,2-dimetylbutane0.0243

2,3-dimetylbutane0.0530

2-metylpentane0.3885

3-metylpentane0.2099

n-hexan0.8528

4.2 S m phng bng phn mm PRO/II 9.0:

Da vo bn v PFD ca Technip, chng ti tin hnh xy dng s m phng phn xng chng ct kh quyn CDU nh hnh 4.2.Hnh di y l m hnh m phng CDU s dng nguyn liu l du th Bch H t lc du th bt u vo nh my, tin gia nhit, tch mui vo thp chnh.

Hinh 4. 2 S m phng phn xng CDU ca Nh my lc du Dung Qut bng phn mm PROII.4.3 M hnh nhit ng:

S dng m hnh Grayson Street cho cc thp chnh (Main Fractionator) (GS1) v xem nh khng c ngng t hi nc, m hnh Grayson Street (GS2) c xt n qu trnh ngng t hi nc cho h thng ngng t hi nh thp v tch pha lng-hi.

4.4 Xy dng m hnh v cc thng s m phng cn thit:

m phng qu trnh chng ta cn xy dng mt m hnh l thuyt cn c vo cc s liu ca m hnh thc t. Nhng s liu trong cc bn v PFD trong ti liu ca Technip v cu trc ca thp: s a, v tr ly ra v a vo ca cc side column v thp Stripping u l s liu thc t. Chng hn v s a ca thp, Pro/II s m phng da trn s a l thuyt. V vy nu chng ta mun c mt m hnh chnh xc v c tin cy th cn phi xc nh c hiu sut a ca thp v t a ra s a l thuyt ph hp cho thp. Gi s ta xem hiu sut a l 100% th s a l thuyt trong m hnh Pro/II chnh bng s a thc t ca thp. Tuy nhin, hiu sut a trong thc t sn xut rt kh t c 100%. Do s a l thuyt thng nh hn s a thc t. V th nu ta chn s a l thuyt qu t hoc qu nhiu th kt qu tnh ca Pro/II cng s khng chnh xc. Cht lng cc dng sn phm s xu hn hoc tt hn. Bi vy, khi chy Pro/II cn phi so snh vi cc ch tiu trong cc ti liu nh Basic of Design, mass balanceTheo th t ca qu trnh, du th s vo thp T-1101 trc. Sn phm nh ca T-1101 s i vo thp T-1107. Nhng trc tin phi xt tin cy ca thp T-1101. Khi m hnh ca T-1101 cho kt qu tin cy ri ta tip tc m phng cc thit b tip theo. Di y l nhng thng s cn thit m phng thp T-1101.4.4.1 Lu lng dng nguyn liu v cc dng sn phm chnh:

Nguyn liu: Du th Bch H, lu lng 814510 (kg/h).

Cc sn phm: Bang 4.3 Lu lng cc phn on

Sn phmLu lng (kg/h)% khi lng

LPG21810.27

Naphtha10831413.30

Kerosene511886.28

Light Gas Oil17071620.96

Heavy Gas Oil 698228.57

Residue40732450.01

4.4.2 Cc iu kin vo thp ca du th:

Theo s liu vn hnh th dng du th ban u c bm t b trc khi i vo h thng tin gia nhit np vo thp chnh (Main FRACTIONATOR) c nhit l 50 (oC) v p sut l 20 (Kg/cm2g), trc khi vo thp chnh dng du th c nhit l 354(oC), p sut l 2.54 (Kg/cm2g).4.4.3 Thng s cc dng hi nc qu nhit: Cc thng s di y c c lng da trn s liu vn hnh 100% nng sut: Bang 4.4 Thng s ca hi nc Stripping

Lu lng kg/hNhit oCp sut kg/cm2gGhi ch

Steam 1160003503.5Stripping y thp chnh

Steam 250703503.5Stripping LGO

Steam 326003503.5Stripping HGO

4.4.4 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca thp chnh T-1101: Di y l nhng thng s thit k v thng s c lng da trn s liu vn hnh 100% nng sut: Bang 4.5 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca thp chnh T-1101S a thc t48

Nhit nh, oC124

Nhit y, oC349

p sut nh, kg/cm2g1.5

p sut y, kg/cm2g2.0

H thng Pumparound:

Bang 4.6 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca Pumparound nh.

Top-PAS liu thc t

T a4

n a1

Nhit vo thp, oC77

Lu lng ra, kg/h490377

Bang 4.7 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca Pumparound 1

PAS liu thc t

T a15

n a12

Cng sut nhit, KW-9000

Lu lng ra, kg/h211124

Bang 4.8 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca Pumparound 2

PA2S liu thc t

T ia 26

n a23

Cng sut nhit, KW-31000

Lu lng ra, kg/h758719

Bang 4.9 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca Pumparound 3

PA3S liu thc t

T ia38

n a35

Cng sut nhit, KW-4925

Lu lng ra, kg/h134995

Du th vo thp a: 43 Cc dng hi t thp stripping vo li thp chnh cc a: KER_VAP: 12

LGO_VAP: 23

HGO_VAP: 35 Dng hi stripping vo thp a y. Cc dng sn phm lng ly ra cc a: Naphtha: 1 KER_DRAW: 15 LGO_DRAW: 26 HGO_DRAW: 38

RES: 484.4.5 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca thp stripping: Di y l nhng thng s thit k v thng s c lng da trn s liu vn hnh 100% nng sut:

Bang 4.10 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca thp T-1102

T-1102S liu thc t

S a10

a np liu1

Nhit nh, oC209

Nhit y, oC222

p sut nh, Kg/cm2g1.6

p sut y, Kg/cm2g1.7

Cng sut nhit Reboiler, KW2800

Bang 4.11 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca thp T-1103

T-1103S liu thc t

S a6

a np liu1

Nhit nh, oC246

Nhit y, oC239

p sut nh, Kg/cm2g1.7

p sut y, Kg/cm2g1.8

Dng Steam vo a6

Bang 4. 12 Cc thng s thit k v vn hnh ca thp T-1104

T-1104S liu thc t

S a6

a np liu1

Nhit nh, oC327

Nhit y, oC320

p sut nh, Kg/cm2g1.9

p sut y, Kg/cm2g2.0

Dng Steam vo a6

4.4.6 Cc tiu chun k thut:

S dng cc rng buc v lu lng cc dng sn phm cui cng l KEROSENE, LGO, HGO v nhit nh thp T-1101 bng cch khng ch cc yu t gm: lu lng cc dng sn phm lng trch ngang thp chnh (KER_DRAW, LGO_DRAW, HGO_DRAW) v cng sut nhit ca Pumparound PA1.

Yu cu v phn tch sn phm: 1. Phn on KER NAP: GAP = 10 20 0C

2. Phn on LGO KER: GAP = 5 10 0C

3. Phn on HGO LGO: OVERLAP = -5 00C

4. Overflash : 0.030.064.4.7 M hnh thp T-1101 trong m phng bng phn mm Pro/II:

Hinh 4.3 M hnh thp T-1101 trong m phng bng phn mm Pro/II4.5 Tin hnh m phng:4.5.1 Thit k cho thp chnh T-1101:

4.5.1.1 Chuyn s ia thc t sang s ia ly thuyt:

Hiu sut a ph thuc vo nhiu yu t. N thng c tnh ton v cn nhc k trong qu trnh thit k sao cho va m bo c ch tiu v k thut va c hiu qu v kinh t. C kh nhiu ti liu ni v khong dao ng ca hiu sut a. Trong n ny chng ti s dng ti liu Refinery Process Modeling ca tc gi Gerald L.Kaes m phng thp CDU ca Nh my lc du Dung Qut. Ta chia thap chng ct thanh cac vung nh sau: Vung stripping ay thap: Vung nay thng co 57 ia, hiu sut vung nay thp do o 2 ia ly thuyt la phu hp. Long ia trn cung cua stripping ay thap nhn long t vung nap liu. Vung nap liu: vung nay khng co ia thc t nao ca tuy nhin do m hinh hoa cho phep thm ngun nhit trong vung nap liu bin thin lng overflash. y dung mt ia ly thuyt cho vung nay. Vung ra: Vung nay bao gm cac ia gia vung nap liu cho n ia rut HGO. Cac thit k cu co 24 ia thc t do o oi hoi lng overflash ln am bao cht lng cua HGO. Cac thit k mi co 68 ia, cac ia trong vung nay co hiu sut thp do lng long hi lu be. S dung 2 ia ly thuyt la phu hp cho vung nay.

Vung Pumparound: S dung 2 ia cho vung nay, mt ia rut PA va mt ia tr v.

Vung phn tach cac san phm thn thap: Thap chng ct khi quyn thng co 810 ia thc t gia cac vung rut san phm ra, mt ia phn tach c s dung cho vung PA (nu co). i vi vung phn tach gn ay thap chon 2 ia ly thuyt la phu hp, i vi vung phn tach trn ta dung 34 ia ly thuyt. Vung inh: Vung tinh t ia rut san phm KER cho n inh cua thap, hiu sut vung nay cao 6570%.

i vi thap stripper thn thap:

Stripper s dung hi nc co 610 ia thc t tng ng vi 23 ia ly thuyt.

Stripper s dung Reboiler co 612 ia thc t, reboiler tng ng vi mt ia ly thuyt trong m phong do o thap co 34 ia ly thuyt.

Nh vy theo cach tinh nh trn ta se co c m hinh ia ly thyt nh sau:

Bang 4.13 S ia ly thuyt cua cac vung

VungVi tri ia

Stripping ay thap2423

Nap liu22

Vung ra2120

Vung PA cua HGO (PA4)1918

Vung phn tach HGO/LGO1715

Vung PA cua LGO (PA3)1413

Vung phn tach LGO/KER129

Vung PA cua KER (PA2)87

Vung phn tach KER/NAP63

Vung PA inh (PA1)21

Cac stripper co vi tri cac ia rut san phm va ia hi tr v thap ging vi Pumparound. 4.5.1.2 M phong thap chng ct khi quyn:

Nhp dong nguyn liu:

Nhp dong du th ban u trc khi qua cum gia nhit lanh:

Nhit : 500C.

Ap sut: 20 kg/cm2g.

Thanh phn cua dong du th: ng cong im si thc (TBP), thanh phn cu t nhe (lightends) va API.

Tao dong Crude:

Stream ( Petroleum Assay ( Flowrate and Assay ( Define/Edit Assay

Hinh 4.4 Nhp assay cua dong du thDong du th vao thap co cha mt lng nc do nc co sn va lng nc khi tin hanh tach mui do o ta s dung cac Mixer a dong nc trn vao dong nguyn liu. ng thi gia nhit cho dong du th trc khi vao lo t bng cac Heat Exchanger la Cold Preaheat va Hot Preheat.

Hinh 4.5 M phong cum gia nhit m phong lo t H-1101 ta s dung mt Heat Exchanger, nhit ra lo t la 3580C. Do tr lc trn ng ng nn gy ra hin tng lam lanh ng Enthalpy lam giam nhit du th trc khi vao thap, biu din ta s dung mt Valve giam ap nh sau:

Hinh 4.6 Dong du th trc khi vao thapTinh cht dong du th TO_T-1101 trc khi vao thap: Bang 4.14 Tinh cht dong du th trc khi vao thap

Nhp cac thng s cho thap:

Ap sut lam vic: thap lam vic ap sut inh 1.5kg/cm2g va ap sut ay 2kg/cm2g.

Nhp vi tri cac dong nguyn liu va san phm:

Nhp cac dong Pumparound: y ta co 4 dong Pumparound, mi PA ta se co 2 tiu chun la Duty va lu lng, Duty cua PA1 ta khng nhp phu thuc vao nhit inh ma co c cng sut cua PA1.

Tiu chun cua thap s dung nhit inh va lu lng cac dong trich ngang KER, LGO va HGO. Nhit inh thap c khng ch bng Duty cua PA1, lu lng cac dong trich ngang c iu khin bng cac FRC trn ng ly san phm tuy nhin thc t khi t lai setpoint cho cac FRC mc cht long trong cac stripper thay i khi o lu lng cac dong trich ra t thap se thay i. 4.5.2 Nhp cac thng s cho cac stripper:

Vic nhp cac thng s cho stripper tng t nh thap chinh, tuy nhin y tiu chun cua cac stripper a c tich hp trong tiu chun cua thap chinh nn khng cn nhp lai.4.5.3 Nhp cac thng s cho binh tach:

Thit bi tach 3 pha D-1103 phn tach dong nc va Off Gas ra khoi dong NAP lam nguyn liu cho thap n inh xng. Thap lam vic nhit 500C va ap sut 1.3 kg/cm2g. Do qua trinh ngng tu la hoan toan do o dong Off gas binh tach iu kin thng co lu lng bng 0.

than4.6 Thap n inh xng T-1107:4.6.1 M phong thap: Thng s vn hanh cua thap:

Cac s liu sau y c ly t PFD:

Bang 4.15 Thng s vn hanh thapT -1107

T-1107S liu thc t

Ap sut binh hi lu,kg/cm2g7.4

Ap sut inh,kg/cm2g7.9

Ap sut ay,kg/cm2g8.15

Nhit inh,0C66

Nhit ay,0C188

S ia32

Vi tri ia nap liu16

Thap n inh xng T-1107 co nhm vu phn tach xng cha n inh inh cua thap chng ct khi quyn thanh LPG va NAPHTHA tng.

Hinh 4.7 M phong thap n inh xng Nhp cac thng s cho thap:

Nguyn liu: Dong NAP i ra t binh tach 3 pha D-1103.

Nhit : Nguyn liu nhp vao thap nhit la 1450C sau khi trao i nhit vi dong xng a n inh.

Ap sut: Ap sut nap liu da trn ap sut qua bm va tr lc qua thit bi trao i nhit. S ia ly thuyt cua thap c tinh da vao s ia thc t va chon hiu sut toan b thap la 80%, ia nap liu ta chon gn ung va kim tra lai bng cng cu Optimizer. Chon 26 ia ly thuyt va nap liu ia s 14.

Cac gia tri ap sut nhit nhp theo s liu cua PFD.

Tiu chun cua thap nh sau:

Ham lng C5 trong LPG: 1.5%mol.

Ham lng C4 trong dong Naphtha: 0.3%wt.

4.6.2 Phn tich kt qua m phong cua thap: Cn bng vt cht cua thap:

Bang 4.16 Cn bng vt cht cua thap n inh xng

Lu lng cac dong (kg/h)M phongTheo PFD

Naphtha108079108314

LPG21812181

OFF GAS4171

Kt qua trn hoan toan phu hp vi qua trinh vn hanh, y lu lng dong Off Gas co lch nhiu so vi s liu m phong. Dong Off Gas chu yu la phn nhe nm trong du th, do qua trinh ngng tu inh cua thap chng ct khi quyn la hoan toan do o theo thit k toan b cac cu t nhe se c tach ra nm hoan toan trong dong Off Gas cua thap n inh xng. Tuy nhin trong qua trinh vn hanh nhit mi trng thay i, trong nhng ngay co nhit cao cng sut cua ngng tu inh khng u ngng tu hoan toan dong Overhead do o dong Off Gas D-1103 se tng am bao ap sut lam vic. Khi o chi co mt lng nho con lai se i qua thap n inh xng. Cht lng san phm c khng ch nh thay di cng sut cua Reboiler va condenser inh, cac gia tri Duty nay se c tinh toan da trn tiu chun cua thap.4.6.3 S dung cng cu Optimizer ti u ia nap liu cho thap:

Khi cung cht lng tach yu cu vic ta thay i vi tri ia nap liu se anh hng ti cng sut cua Reboiler, nu nap liu di ia ti u thi s ia vung chng se giam xung ng nghia s ia vung luyn tng ln do o ta cn tng cng sut Reboiler am bao cht lng san phm ay.Vi vy vc ti u ia nap liu cho phep giam c chi phi vn hanh cua thap.

S dung cng cu Optimizer nh sau:

Ham muc tiu la ti thiu Duty cua reboiler.

Bin thay i la vi tri ia nap liu

Kt qua m phong nh sau: sau khi tin hanh m phong ta c gia tri ti u la nap liu ia 13. y chu y rng cng sut Reboiler c tinh toan da vao tiu chun cua ham lng Butane trong Naphtha. S ia trong vung chng co anh hng nhng khng ln lm.

4.6.4 S dung Case study nghin cu anh hng cua vi tri ia nap liu n cng sut Reboiler y ta s dung mt Case study nghin cu anh hng cua vi tri ia nap liu n cng sut cua thit bi un si lai vi cung mt cht lng phn tach cua thap. Cht lng san phm phu thuc vao lu lng long hi i trong thap va s ia cua thap. Khi tng s ia thi tng c cht lng phn tach.

Cng sut thit bi un si lai phu thuc vao vi tri cua ia nap liu, khi nap liu di ia ti u nghia la s ia vung chng nho hn ti u. Khi o ta cn tng cng sut cua Reboiler khng ch cht lng san phm ay. Cht lng san phm inh c khng ch bi cng sut cua Condenser thc cht la thay i lu lng hi lu. Do vy ay ta se khao sat s thay i cua ia nap liu n Duty cua Condenser va lu lng dong hi lu. Case study nh sau:

Thay i Duty cua Reboiler

Thay i Duty cua Condenser:

Kt qua xut ra cua Case study nh sau:

Nh vy khi vi tri ia nap liu khng ung vi vi tri ti u thi cng sut cua Reboiler tng iu nay do ta khng ch cht lng san phm bng cach thay i cng sut ngng tu inh va cng sut Reboiler. Khi nap liu trn ia ti u cht lng san phm inh se giam do o ta se tng cng sut condenser nhm tng lng long hi lu keo theo cng sut Reboiler tng theo, nguyn nhn la do dong hi lu bt ngun t cng sut Reboiler.Mt khac khi ta nap liu thp hn ia ti u cht lng san phm ay khng thoa man do o ta tng cng sut reboiler am bao cht lng. Do lng long hi lu trong trng hp nap liu phia trn ln hn trng hp nap liu phia di do o cng sut Reboiler se ln hn.4.7 Phn tich kt qua m phong thap chinh:

4.7.1 Cn bng vt cht cua thap:

Bang 4.17 Cn bng vt cht cua CDU

Lu lng cac dong (kg/h)M phongTheo PFD

NAP110720110534

KER5118851188

LGO174111174112

HGO6994669947

Cn AR406605407324

Nh vy kt qua m phong trn hoan toan phu hp vi cac gia tri cua PFD. Lu lng cac dong trich ngang thn thap khng i do qua trinh tinh toan thap da trn cac tiu chun a nhp. Nh vy bng cach iu chinh nhit inh thap va khng ch lu lng cac dong san phm trich ngang ta a khng ch c cn bng vt cht cua thap.4.7.2 Cht lng san phm:

i vi thap chng ct a cu t co rut san phm thn thap cht lng san phm c khng ch bng tiu chun v Gap va Overlap da vao ng cong chng ct ASTM (D86 hoc D1160). Theo o Gap c tinh nh sau:

khi Gap