Mot So Dieu Can Biet Khi Kinh Doanh Voi Trung Quoc

7/23/2019 Mot So Dieu Can Biet Khi Kinh Doanh Voi Trung Quoc

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MT S IU CN BIT KHI KINH DOANH VI TRUNG QUC

1. Cc quy nh vxut nhp khu

Theo Lut Thng mi sa i nm 2004, hng ha v cng ngh nhp khu voTrung Quc c chia thnh 3 nhm bao gm:

Hng cm nhp khu: Cc mt hng bcm nhp khu bao gm v kh, cht c v

cc ha cht c hi.

Cc mt hng bhn chnhp khu: cn c giy php hoc hn ngch nhp khu.

Cc mt hng tdo nhp khu: bao gm hu ht cc mt hng hin ang c nhpkhu vo Trung Quc.

Trong , nhng hng ho hn chnhp khu theo quy nh ca Nh nc hn chvslng c qun l theo hn ngch, nhng hng ho hn chnhp khu khc cqun l theo giy php.

Theo nhng cam kt gia nhp WTO, Trung Quc loi bhnh thc cp php hnngch nhp khu i vi hng xng du, cao su tnhin, sm lp t, xe my ng vimt sm thuquan nht nh v cc linh kin bt u t01 thng 01 nm 2004. Hinti, chc 5 chng loi hng cn qun l hn ngch nhp khu v giy php. ng thi,cc thnh vin WTO cng bi bnhng hn chi vi mt smt hng xut khuca Trung Quc (v dnh dt may). Bn cnh , Trung Quc tin hnh ci tinquy trnh qun l nhp khu i vi sn phm nng nghip. Nhng sn phm nngnghip nh la m, la go v bng thng phi chu squn l hon ton bng hnngch th hin c qun l hn ngch theo tsut thu.

Trung Quc ban hnh mt lot cc bin php qun l hnh chnh i vi xut nhp

khu ph hp vi cc cam kt ca WTO tnm 2001 bao gm: Cc Quy nh vQun l hnh chnh i vi Hng ha Xut nhp khu, Cc bin php Qun l Nhpkhu hng C kh v in t, Bin php Qun l Cc n vNhp khu mt sloihng ha, Bin php Qun l Giy php Nhp khu Tng, Quy chQun l Hnngch nhp khu Hng in tv C kh v Lut Thng mi sa i c hiu lc tthng 4 nm 2004. Cc quy tc ny to ra mt khung php l qun l hn ngchv giy php i vi hng ha xut nhp khu.

Vnguyn tc, cc mt hng tdo nhp khu th khng phi chu bt kmt hn chno. Tuy nhin, do yu cu qun l hng nhp khu, Trung Quc thit lp hthng

cp php t ng cho mt s mt hng nhp khu t do v a ra cc vn bnhng dn vhthng ny.Ngy 1 thng 4 nm 2007, chnh phTrung Quc banhnh quy nh v cp php nhp khu i vi 338 mt hng, yu cu cc nh nhpkhu Trung Quc cn phi xin giy php nhp khu tng.

BThng mi v Tng cc thuTrung Quc c trch nhim quyt nh mt hngno thuc Danh mc cc mt hng c php nhp khu tng. Nhng mt hngthuc danh mc ny khng bhn chnhp khu, tuy nhin vn do BThng miTrung Quc qun l.

Cc mt hng cng nghnhp khu c xp vo loi hng nhp khu tdo th cnphi thc hin cc thtc ng k v xut trnh hp ng y . Cc mt hng hav cng nghqun l bng hn ngch v giy php cn phi c giy chp thun trcca BThng mi hoc ca cc c quan i din c chnh. Vi cc mt hng


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chu squn l bng giy php tng, ngi giao hng cn phi ng k giy phptng trc khi khai bo hi quan v c c s chp thun ca BThng mihoc c quan i in chnh ca h.

Trung Quc cng sa i mt squy nh vhng nhp khu cho cc doanh nghipc vn u t nc ngoi ph hp vi cc cam kt vi WTO. Cc hng mc nhp

khu ca cc doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi c qun l bng hn ngch vgiy php phc vmc ch u t hoc sdng cho doanh nghip, hoc snxut ra hng ha cho tiu dng trong nc hay bn ti thtrng Trung Quc cn

phi xin hn ngch nhp khu, giy php nhp khu hoc lm th tc nhp khu tng.

Chnh phTrung Quc ban hnh cc Thng co chung thng bo vnhng thayi chnh sch v phn loi hng ha. Tuy nhin, hu ht cc thng co ny c ara bng ting Trung Quc v khng c dch ra ting Anh. Trang web ca Bthngmi Trung Quc (http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/) ng ti thng tin vcc thng co

bo ch bng ting Anh.

1.1Cc mt hng cm nhp khu

Danh mc hng cm nhp khu do ngnh chqun kinh mu i ngoi Quc vvinphi hp cc ngnh hu quan ca Quc vvin cng xy dng, iu chnh v cng b.

Nhng mt hng cm nhp khu vo TrungQuc bao gm:

Cc loi v kh khc nhau, cht n;

Tin gi v cc loi chng khon gi;

n phm, phim nh, nhng phng tin truyn thng tc ng xu n tnh hnh

chnh tr, kinh t, vn ho v nhng gi tr o c ca Trung Quc; Cc cht c hi;

Thuc phin, moc phin, h-ro-in, b , cc loi thuc gy nghin;

Cc loi ng thc vt v sn phm lin quan c mang mm bnh, su ry v ccsinh vt sng c hi khc;

Thc phm, dc phm v nhng hng ha khc n t nhng khu vc ang bdch bnh;

Cc loi thc phm, thuc men c hi n sc khe ca con ngi v vt nui hay

mang mm bnh, xut x t cc vng b bnh truyn nhim tn cng; ng nhn dn t RMB;

Thc phm c cha mt s loi phm mu v cc cht ph gia c hi cho sc khocon ngido B Y t cng b.

C th, Trung Quc quy nh cc mt hng cm nhp khu theo 6 danh mc nh sau:

Danh mc hng cm nhp khu (Danh mc 1)

STT M hng ha Tn hng ho01 5069090.11 Xng h khkeo (loi cha hoc khcht keo)


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5069090.19 Xng h cha kh keo (loi cha hoc kh chtkeo)

02 5071000.10 Sng t gic

03 13021100 Nha phin dng lng v dng cao (gi l Thucphin)

29031400.10 Cloruacacbon (CCl1) trloi dng lm cht ty ra.

04 29031400.90 Cloruacacbon (CCl1) loi dng lm cht ty ra.

29034300.90 Hn hp Clo, Fluor, tilen dng lm cht ty (CFC-113)

Danh mc hng c in qua sdng cm nhp khu (Danh mc 2)

STTM hng

hoTn hng ho

01 73110010 Thng cha ga nn hoc ga lng bng st hoc thp

02 73110090 Thng cha ga nn hoc ga lng bng st hoc thp khc

03 73211100 Bp gia dng c thdng nhiu liu kh

04 73218100 Dng cgia dng khc c thdng nhiu liu kh

05 76130090 Thng cha ga nn hoc ga lng bng nhm khng bn l

06 84021110 Ni hi dng ng cng sut 900 tn / gi hoc trn 900tn/gi

07 84021190 Ni hi dng ng khc khc cng sut 45 tn/gi

08 84021200 Ni hi dng ng cng sut khng vt qu 45 tn/gi

09 84021900 Cc loi ni hi khc cha lit k, bao gm ni hi kiu laighp

10 84022000 Ni hi un nc ti nhit siu cao

11 84031010 Ni un si dng trong gia nh

12 84031090 Ni un si trung tm khc

13 84041010 Thit bphtrni un tm hi v ni hi


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STTM hng

hoTn hng ho

14 84041020 Thit bphtrca ni un nc trung tm

15 84042000 Thit bngng tdng cho cc tmy ng lc hi hochi nc khc.

16 84121000 L nung chy sdng nhin liu lng

17 84162011 L nung chy bng kh thin nhin

18 84162019 L nung chy bng cc loi nhin liu thkh khc

19 84162090 L nung chy bng nhin liu thrn dng bt

20 84163000 Bphn nhin liu tng vo l kcvl tng, bphn xtro, xtng v cc bphn tng t.

21 84171000 L nung hoc bp l dng nung, luyn chy hoc xlnhit cc loi qung hoc kim loi.

22 84178010 L luyn cc

23 84178020 L t phthi c tnh phng x

24 84178090 C loi t sy c l cha lit k dng trong cng nghip

hoc phng thc nghim

25 85209000 Cc thit bghi m bng tv cc thit bghi m khc chalit k

26 85219090 Cc loi thit bthu pht video khc cha lit k

27 90181100 My ghi in tm

28 90181210 My chn on bng sng siu m B

29 90181291 My chn on bng sng siu m mu

30 90181299 Cc loi thit bqut siu m c my qut cha lit k.

31 90181300 Thit bhin nh cng hng t

32 90181400 Thit bhonhp nhy

33 90181930 Thit bgim st theo di bnh nhn

34 90181990 Thit bchn on in cha lit k35 90182000 My tia cc tm hoc tia hng ngoi


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STTM hng

hoTn hng ho

36 90183100 Bm tim, c hoc khng kim tim

38 90183220 Kim khu dng trong khi tim

39 90183900 Kim tim, ng dn, ng dn dng trong phu thut v dngctng t.

40 90184100 Dng c khoan dng trong nha khoa, c hoc khng gnlin trn gi n vi thit bnha khoa khc

41 90184900 Ghchuyn dng trong nha khoa c lp thit bnha khoa

42 90184990 Dng cv thit bnha khoa cha lit k

43 9018400 Dng cv cc thit bkhc dng trong nhn khoa

44 9018010 Thit bnghe chn on bnh

45 90119020 Thit bv my o huyt p

46 90189030 Knh ni soi

47 90189040 Thit blc mu thn (thn nhn to)

48 90189050 Cc thit bcha bnh bng nhit

49 90189060 Thit btruyn mu

50 90189070 Thit bgy m

51 90189090 Dng c v cc thit b dng trong y t, ngoi khoa hocth

52 90221200 My kim tra chp ct lp bng tia X quang

53 90221300 Cc loi my mc, thit bkhc sdng tia X quang dngtrong y t, ngoi khoa hoc th y

54 90221400 Cc loi my mc, thit bkhc sdng tia X quang dngtrong nha khoa

55 90221910 Thit bkim tra an ton dng tia X quang liu thp

56 90221990 Cc thit bng dng tia X quang cha lit k

57 90222100 Cc thit bng dng tia , , trong y khoa58 90222900 Cc thit bi khc ng dng tia , ,


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STTM hng

hoTn hng ho

59 90223000 Bng n tia X quang

60 90229010 My kch hot X quang

61 95041000 My chi in tTV

62 90229090 Thit bv linh kin khc lit k trong m s9022

63 95041000 My chi in tgn tivi

64 95043010 My chi in thot ng bng tin xu hoc thhnh a

65 9504090 Cc sn phm tr chi in tkhc hot ng bng tin xu

hoc thhnh a.66 95049010 Cc loi tr chi in tkhc

67 8407-8408 ng c

68 Chng 87 Cc loi xe


STTM hng

hoTn hng ho

01 2620.2100 Tro v phthi c hm lng ch

02 2620.6000 Tro v phthi c hm lng thch tn, thungn, tha-li (dng chit xut hoc sn xut thch tn, thungn, tha-li)

03 2620.9100 Tro v phthi c cha stibi, beryli, cadmi, crom (dng chitxut v sn xut stibi, beryli, cadmi, crom v cc sn phm hnhp khc)

04 2621.1000 Tro v phthi trc ca cc thnh ph

05 2710.9100 Du thi cha biphenyl polyclo ho, terphenyl polycloho hoc biphenyl polybrom ho

06 2710.9900 Cc loi du thi khc

07 3006.8000 Ph liu dc (do nguyn nhn qu thi hn s dng khngcn tc dng)


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STTM hng

hoTn hng ho

08 3825.1000 Rc thi thnh ph

09 3825.2000 Bn cng

10 3825.3000 Phliu y t

11 3825.4100 Cc loi cht thi hu c c cha ho cht c hi

12 3825.4900 Cc loi cht thi hu c khc

13 3825.0000 Dung dch a-xt ph thi dng ra kim loi, du thu lc v dutrlc phanh (v bao gm ccht lng chng ng thi)

14 3825.6100 Phthi ho cht chyu c cha thnh phn hu c (cc chtthi ca cng nghip ho cht v cng nghip hu quan khc)

15 3825.6900 Phthi ho cht khc (cc cht thi ca cng nghip ho chtv cng nghip hu quan khc)

16 3825.9000 Phthi v cc sn phm phho cht khc cha ng k mhng ho.

17 7112.3010 Tro c cha bc hoc hp kim bc (chyu thu hi li bc)

18 7112.3090 Kho c cha kim loi qu hoch hp cht kim loi qu (chyu thu hi li kim loi qu)


STT M hng ho Tn hng ho Ghi ch

1 0501.0000 Tc ngi cha qua gia cng, hoccha ra sch; tc phliu

2 0502.1030 Lng ln v phliu tlng ln

3 0502.9020 Phliu tlng chn v phliu dnglm lng th

4 0503.0090.10 Phliu lng nga

5 1703.1000 Mt ma

6 1703.9000 Cc loi khc


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7 2517.2000 Cn qung, ph thi ni v cc loiphthi cng nghip tng t

8 2517.3000 dm trn nha ng

9 2620.2900 Tro v phthi cha chyu l ch

10 2620.2900 Tro v phthi cha chyu l ng

11 2620.3000 Tro v ph thi cha ch yu lvonfram

12 2620.9910 Tro v ph thi cha ch yu l kimloi v hp cht ho hc khc

(khng bao gmcc cht ph thiv tro qung chahn 10% xt

vanidi V2O5 cam 2620.9990.10)

13 2620.9990.90 Sm lp v ming sm lp phthi

14 3825.000 Bt phthi, tro, da thuc phliu

15 4115.2000.10 Qun o c

16 8546.1000 Cc loi pin hng v phliu

Danh mc mt hng c in phthi cm nhp khu (Danh mc 5)

(Bao gm linh kin, phkin tho ri, phkin vnt, trnhng mt hngc nh nc quy nh ring)

STT M hng ho Tn hng ho

1 8415.1010-8415.9090 iu ho

2 8417.8020 Bp l phliu mang tnh phng x

3 8418.1010-8418.9999 Tlnh

4 8471.1000-8475.5090 Thit bmy tnh

5 8471.6010 My hin th

6 8471.6031-8471.6039 My nh ch7 8471.6040-8471.9000 Linh kin In/Out ca my tnh v linh kin ca


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thit bxl sliu tng

8 8516.5000 L vi sng

9 8516.6030 Ni cm in

10 8517.1100-8517.1990 in thoi c dy

11 8517.2100-8517.2200 My fax v my chtelex

12 8521.1011-8521.9090 u ghi hnh, u a, u a VCD

13 8525.2022-8525.2029 Thit bthng tin di ng

14 8525.3010-8525.4050 My quay camera, my chp ghi a nng, mynh kthut s

15 8528.1210-8528.3020 Ti vi

16 8534.0010-8534.0090 Mch in

17 8542.1000-8542.9000 ng nhit in t, ng m cc hoc ng dngcc bn dn

18 8542.1000-8542.9000 Mch tch hp snguyn khi v phtng

19 9009.1110-9009.9990 My photo

20 9018.1100-9018.9090 Thit by t

21 9022.1200-9022.9090 Thit bng dng tia phng x


ST

T M hiu hng ha Tn hng ha Ghi ch

1 25240010.10 Crocidolite K c crocidolite,amosite,anthophyllite,tremolite, actinolite2 25240090.10 Crocidolite khe

3 29033090.20 EDB

4 29034990.10 DBCP1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropan

5 29035900.10 Aldrin, Heptachlor


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6 29036990.10Propane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloro

7 29036990.10 PBBs

8 29089090.10Dinoseb, mui v este,dinitrophenol

9 29109000.10 Dieldrin, Endrin

10 29159000.20 Sodium fluoroacetate

11 29189000.10 2,4,5-T, mui v este

2,4,5-Trichlorophenexyacefic acid

12 29190000.10 Tris (2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate

13 29215900.20Benzidine (4,4'-Oxydianiline)

14 29241990.20 Flouroacetamide

15 29252000.20 Chlordimeform

16 29329990.60 Dioxin PCDD

17 29329990.60 Furan PCDFs

1.2 Cc mt hng hn chnhp khu

Theo Quy chqun l xut nhp khu hng ho ca Trung Quc, nhng hng ha hnchnhp khu theo quy nh ca Nh nc hn chvslng c qun l theo hnngch, nhng hng ha hn chnhp khu khc c qun l theo giy php.

Nhng hng ha hn ch nhp khu c qun l theo hn ngch do B Thngmi/c quan i din c chnh v cc ngnh qun l kinh thu quan ca Qucv vin qun l theo chc nng v nhim v ca mnh c quy nh ca Quc vvin.

i vi nhng hng ha hn chnhp khu c qun l theo giy php, ngi kinhdoanh nhp khu phi np n xin php vi BThng mi/c quan i din c chnh hoc c quan thuc ngnh hu quan Quc vvin. C quan qun l giy phpnhp khu phi c quyt nh cp hoc khng cp giy php trong vng 30 ngy ktngy nhn c n xin.

Hin nay cp php nhp khu Trung Quc chia thnh 3 loi chnh:

- Qun l cp php nhp khu

- Cp php nhp khu tng


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- Qun l hn ngch theo tsut thu

Hin nay cc mt hng chu squn l hn ngch theo mc thunhp khu gm: ngcc, bng, ng, len, phn bn ha hc.

Tngy 1/1/2005, Trung Quc bi bqun l hn ngch nhp khu i vi 2 loi snphm l t, cc linh kin quan trng ca t v thit bsn xut CD. Tnh n nay,

sau 4 ln ct gim cc hng ha chu squn l bng giy php hn ngch nhp khu,c thni vc bn Trung Quc bi bton bvic qun l nhp khu hng hathng thng bng hn ngch t1/1/2005. iu c ngha l bt kdoanh nghip cquyn kinh doanh vngoi thng no u c thc nhp khu hng cc loi hngha thng thng.

Danh mc hng ha qun l bng cp php nhp khu 2010

Thng 12/2009, BThng mi, Tng cc Hi quan, Tng cc Gim st cht lng hng haTrung Quc ban hnh Thng co chung s 119 vDanh mc hng ha qun l bng cp

php nhp khu nm 2010. Danh mc ny c hiu lc thi hnh k t ngy 1 thng 1

nm 2010. Danh mc hng ha qun l bng cp php nhp khu nm 2001 ngthi ht hiu lc. ng thi, Trung Quc ban hnh Thng co chung 131 v Phnhng cp php nhp khu hng ha nm 2010.

DANH MC HNG HA QUN LBNG CP PHP NHP KHU NM 2010

Nhm hng M hng Tn hng ha vt

Vn phng cp phpBThng mi cp php nhp khu cc loi mt hng sau:

Hng intv mymc quasdng

Thit bdng trong

cng nghip

ha cht

8419401000 Thp chng ct ci8419402000 Thp tinh ct ci

8419409010Thp chng ct hydro nhit thp-238,p lc 0,5-5MPa,ng knh trong1m, vv)

ci

8419409090 Cc thit bchng ct hoc tinh ct khc ci8419609010 Thit bha lngnn v ng thi ngng lnh kh

UF6 c c dch UF6 ci8419899010 Ni ln men c thanh t nngkhng pht tn kh

lm chy dongdung tch>20ltci

Thit bluyn kim

8454100000 L luyn kim v c kim loi ci8454209000 Khun thi, dng cc ci8454309000 My khun c ci

Cc loimy mc

cng trnh

8425319000 cc loi my ti dc v ti ngang hot ng bng ngc in

ci

8426193001 My cu khung cn trc ci

8426194100 Cng trc ci8426194200 Cu container ci


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8426200000 Cn cu trc thp ci8426411001 Cn cu bnh lp 50 tn ci8426411090 Cc loi cn cu bnh lp khc ci8426419000 Cn cu thnh loi bnh lp ci8426491000 Cn cu thnh loi bnh xch ci

8426499000 Cc loi cn cu thnh khng chy bng bnh lpkhc ci

8426910000 Cn cu c thit klp t trn mt xe vn ting b

ci

8426990000 Cc loi cn cu khc ci8427101000 My nng xp chy trn ng ray ci8427102000 My nng xp khng chy trn ng ray ci8427201000 Xe bc xp container ci8427209000 Cc loi xe bc xp di ng v xe cng xng c lp

thit bnng hkhc(bao gm cxe ti di dng c lp

t thit bvn chuynci

8427900000 Cc loi xe nc xp v xe cng xng c chc nngnng hkhcxe cng xng chxe c lp t thmcc bphn nng, h, vn chuyn hng

ci

8428101001 Thang my khng chng ngi vt ci8428101090 Thang my chngi ci8428109000 Thang my v cc cn cu bc dhng khc ci8428400000 Thang cun v bng ti dnh cho ngi i b ci8428602100 Cp treo nhp n ci

8428602900 Cp treo a nhp ci

My chtogiy

8439100000 My chbin bt giy tvt liu si cellulo ci8439200000 My sn xut giy hoc ba giy ci8439300000 My hon thin giy hoc ba giy ci

Thit bin, in

kh

8501610000 My pht in xoai chiu, cng sut u ra75KVA ci, kW8501620000 My pht in xoay chiu, 75KVA


13/61

8502132000My pht in chy bng diezel, cng sut u ra2MVA (bao gm cloi bn diezel

ci, kW

8502200000 Tmy pht in c ng c piston t trong bngbugi nh la

ci, kW

8502390000 Cc tmy pht in khc (trng c chy bng sc

gi ra)

ci, kW

8515211000 My hn thng ( tng ton phn hoc bn tng) ci8515219000 My hn in trtng ton phn hoc bn phn

bao gm cdng chnci

8515290000 Cc my v dng chn bng in trkhc ci8515311000 My hn xon (tng ton phn hoc bn phn) ci8515319000 My v dng chn hquang loi tng ton phn

hoc bn phn (bao gm chquang plasma) ci

8515390000 My v dng chn hquang khc (phi tng hocbn tng)

ci

8515800010 My hn lade, hn bng chm in ttngchou hn gn vi thanh t ca my hn)

ci

8515800090 cc dng cv my hn khc ci

Thit bgiacng v

nggithc phm

8419810000 My dng lm nng ung, nu hay hm nng n

ci

8421220000My hoc thit bdng lc hoc tinh chnc giikht( trmy lc hoc tinh chnc)

ci

8422301001 Thit bng hp tng cc sn phm lm tsa ci8422301090 Cc thit bng hp tng nc gii kht v thc

phm c nc khcci

8434200000 My gia cng cc sn phm lm tsa ci8438100010 Dy chuyn sn xut bnh ngt ci8438100090 My sn xut mng, msi ( bao gm cmy gia

cng cc sn phm tng t)ci

8438500000 My chbin tht gia sc hoc gia cm ci,kw

My mc cgii nng

nghip

8433510001 My gt p lin hp, cng sut 160 m lc ci8433510090 My gt p lin hp, cng sut160 m lc ci8433599090 Cc my gt p v my tut khc ci

8434100000 My vt sa ci

My in

8443120000My in offset in tdng cho vn phng( kch thcgiy khng qu 2236cm, dng thit bmc 84.42in)

ci

8443140000My in ni dng cun, trmy in anilin ra(dng thit

bj mc 84.42 in)ci

8443150000Cc my in ni khc, khng phi dng cun, khng

bao gm my in anilin ( dng thit bmc 84.42 in)

ci

8443160001

My in Anilintc in 300 mt/phtchiu rng

800 mm( my in bn flexodng thit bmc84.42 in)

ci


14/61

8443160002My in flexotc in160m/pht250mmchiurng800mmc cc chc nng nh in dp nng,inton nh hoc in li

ci

8443160090Cc my in anilin khc ( bn in flexo,dng thit bmc 84.42 in)

ci

8443198000 Cc my in cha c lit ktrmy in li ra,dng thit bmc 84.42 in) ci

My mcdt may

8446304000 My dt phun nc kh>30cm ci8447202000 My dt kim dt ci8451400000 Cc my git, ty trng v nhum mu khc ci8453100000 My dng s chhoc chbin gia sng, gia thuc

( bao gm cmy thuc da)ci

Tu thuyn

8901101010 Tu chkhch cao tc ( bao gm ccc loi tu tngtsdng chkhch)

ci

8901101090 Cc loi tu thy ng c, tu tham quan v ph ( bao gm ccc loi tu tng tsdng chkhch) ci

8903100000 Cc loi thuyn bm bng kh nn dng trong gii trhoc ththao ( bao gm cloi dng mi cho hocxung)

ci

8903920001 Thuyn my, 8m


15/61

gam2903420000

Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12)nghngam

2903430010 Trichloro-trifluoroethane, ngoi trcc cht dng tyra ra(CFC-113)

nghngam

2903440010Dichloro-tetrafluoroethane (CFC-114)

nghngam

2903440090Pentafluoroethane Clo (CFC-115)

nghngam

2903451000Trifluoromethane Clo (CFC-13)

nghngam

2903460010 Bromochloromethane difluoromethane (Halon-1211) nghngam

2903460020BTM (Halon-1301)

nghngam

2903491011 dichlorofluoromethane nghngam2903491012

Difluoro methane chloridenghngam

29034910161,1,1 - trifluoro 2,2 - dichloroethane

nghngam

29034910171,1,1,2 - tetrafluoroethane -2-- chloroethane

nghngam

2903491021 Trifluoromethyl a chloroethane nghngam

2903491022 A fluorine-dichloroethane nghngam

2903491023 1 - F 1,1 - dichloroethane nghngam

2903491024 Fluoride a chloroethane nghngam

2903491025 1,1 - difluoro -1-- chloroethane nghngam

2903491033 1,1,1,2,2 - penflu 3,3 - dichloropropane nghngam

2903491034 1,1,2,2,3 - penflu 1,3 - dichloropropane nghngam

2903491090Cc cht Hydrochlorofluorocarbon khc

nghngam

3824710011 Hn hp Dichlorodifluoromethane v difluoroethane (R-500)

nghngam

3824710012 Hn hp cc dichlorodifluoromethane vDifluorochloromethane(R-501)

nghngam

3824710013 Hn hp cc Pentafluoroethane clo v Difluoromethaneclorua (R-502)

nghngam

3824710014 Hn hp cc trifluoromethane clo v HFC (R-503) nghngam


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3824710015 Hn hp cc Pentafluoroethane clo vDifluoromethane(R-504)

nghngam

3824710016 Hn hp ca Dichlorodifluoromethane v clorua metylfluoride (R-505)

nghngam

3824710017 Hn hp ca clorua metyl fluoride v Difluoromethane(R-506)

nghngam

3824710018 Hn hp Dichlorodifluoromethane v Dichloro-tetrafluoroethane (R-400)

nghngam

3824740011Hn hp Difluoro clorua metan,clo-difluoroethane vtetrafluoroethaneR-401

nghngam

3824740012Hn hp Pentafluoroethane, propane v florua methylchloride (R402)

nghngam

3824740013PropaneFlorua v propan clorua floR403

nghngam

3824740014

Hn hp Difluoro metan clorua, difluoroethane,clo-

difluoroethane v OctafluorocyclobutaneR405

nghn

gam

3824740015Hn hp Difluoro metan clorua, 2 - propan methyl(isobutane) v cc difluoroethane clo (R406)

nghngam

3824740016Hn hp Pentafluoroethane, trifluoroethane v floruamethyl chloride (R408)

nghngam

3824740017Hn hp ca Difluoro metan clorua,tetrafluoroethane vclo-difluoroethane (R409)

nghngam

3824740018Hn hp Propylene, florua methyl chloride vdifluoroethane (R411)

nghngam

3824740019

Hn hp Difluoro clorua metan,propan flo v

difluoroethane clo (R412)

nghn

gam

3824740021Hn hp Difluoro clorua metan, tetrafluoroethane clo,clorua difluoroethane v 2 - methyl-propane (R414)

nghngam

3824740022Hn hp ca tetrafluoroethane,clo v butanR415

nghngam

3824740023Hn hp ca tetrafluoroethane,clo v butanR416

nghngam

3824740024propane,methyl chloride fluoride v hn hp ccdifluoroethane (R418)

nghngam

3824740025Hn hp ca Florua methyl chloride v flo propan(R509)

nghngam

3824740026Hn hp Difluoro metan clorua v difluoroethane clo

nghngam

3824740090

Cc cht khc hm cha hn hp cht metan, etan,propanchlorofluorocarbons (bt lun hm cha metan,etan,propan chlorofluorocarbons, Perfluorocarbons hochydrofluorocarbons).

nghngam

1.3 Cc mt hng cm xut khu

Gm tt ccc mt hng bcm mang vo Trung Quc nu trn.

Cc mt hng lm nguy hi n an ninh quc gia.

Cc di sn vn ha, cvt qu him.


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ng thc vt c nguy c tuyt chng v cc sn phm c sn xut ti cc trilao ng.

Cc mt hng vi phm cc ngha vquc tm Trung Quc cam kt thc hin

Xhng, cht khng c tm thy trong rut ng vt nhai li (bezoar), ng vhp kim tng v bch kim, y l cc mt hng him thtrng Trung Quc.

1.4 Cc mt hng hn chxut khu

Kim loi qu, gm vng, bc v cc sn phm lm tvng bc;

Tin tTrung Quc (NDT) m mi du khch bhn chmang theo ch6.000 tmiln ri khi Trung Quc;

Ngoi tv chng khon bng ngoi t;

Cc thit btip sng radio v trang thit bvin thng khc;

Cc loi thuc ctruyn qu him ca Trung Quc;

cni chung.

1.5 Chng t nhp khu

Thng thng, nh nhp khu Trung Quc (i l, hng phn phi, i tc lin doanh)tinhnh thu thp nhng chng t cn thit lin quan n vic nhp khu hng ha vxut trnh cho c quan Hi quan Trung Quc. Chng t cn thit cho mi loi hng skhc nhau, nhng u phi c nhng chng t bt buc sau:

Vn n

Ho n thng mi

Giy chng nhn xut x Phiu ng gi

T khai hi quan

n bo him

Hp ng

Nhng mt hng c bit s yu cu thm cc chng t sau:

Hn ngch nhp khu

Giy php nhp khu Chng nhn gim nh do C quan Kim tra cht lng, gim nh v kim

dch Trung Quc hoc Chi nhnh ti a phng cp

Giy chng nhn cht lng hoc Giy chng nhn an ton sn phm khc...

Ha n thng mi

Yu cu 5 bn (1 bn gc v 4 bn copy);

Miu ty chi tit lin quan n hng ha (sha n, tn a chnh xutkhu, gi ca hng ha (FOB), trng lng);

Tn a chy ca ngi mua hng v i l tu bin, hng bo him;


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Ha n phi c k tay v phi c chng thc l ng ca ngi gi hnghoc i l.

Giy chng nhn xut x: Yu cu bt buc lm thtc thng quan i vi hngha nhp khu.

Vn n:Khng c yu cu c bit. Phiu gi hng c chp nhn.

Phiu ng gi:

Yu cu phi ghi y ni dung ca mi kin hng;

Trn phiu phi ghi r trng lng tnh v trng lng tng ca kin hng.

Giychng nhn c bit:

Giy chng nhn CCEE i vi cc thit bin v c cp pht bi y banlin quan ca Trung Quc.

Kim loi, cc cht ha hc v cc mt hng tng t yu cu phi c giy

chng nhn phn tch thnh phn. ng vt, thc vt, cc chphm nh vc xin ng vt, huyt thanh yu cu

phi c giy chng nhn kim dch tnc xut xnu r ngun gc.

1.6 Giy chng nhn bt buc i vi mt ssn phm

Giy chng nhn sn phm phn mm: Phn cng v phn mm sdng m hav bo mt d liu yu cu phi c giy chng nhn phn mm trc khi c luthng trn thtrng Trung Quc. Giy chng nhn ny l mt phn ring bit vi ccloi giy chng nhn m bo cht lng sn phm ca C quan gim nh hng xutnhp khu Nh nc.

Giy chng nhn gim nh an ton sn phm ca C quan gim nh hng xutnhp khu Nh nc (SACI): Nhng tiu chun giy chng nhn v gim nh cthcho mi mt loi hng ha c qui nh trong "Phlc nhng qui tc v thtchng dn chi tit thc hin Hthng giy chng nhn an ton hng nhp khu". Hinti, SACI ban hnh nhng phlc ny cho cc loi mt hng sau:

Phtng xe c gii;

Xe my, ng c xe my;

My tnh c nhn, thit bhin th, thit bchuyn ngun v my in;

Thit bvin thng; Dng cin;

Chi tit bphn ca my git gia dng, my ht bi, thit bchm sc tc v da,ni cm in, bn l in v l bp, my chbin thc phm, m un nc;

My hn in;

Dng cin p thp;

Thit bbo chy;

Thit bbo van ton;

Cc chi tit bphn ca my chn on y hc X quang, my phn tch mu,my iu ho nhp tim, my ghi in tim, my chn on siu m;


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Cc chi tit bphn ca hthng knh an ton tng, bnh hi, lp xe my;

u my video v thit bthu thanh;

Nhng chi tit ca tlnh, my iu ho, my nn ng c, my v tuyn, mychiu hnh.

1.7 Qun l hng ha trong khu thng mi tdoKhu thng mi tdo l khu vc kinh tc thnh lp vi sng ca Hi ngNh nc, vn phng hi quan thc hin cng tc kim tra v qun l c bit.y l khu vc kinh tc mc mca v tdo ha cao nht Trung Quc ngynay. Chc nng chnh ca khu thng mi tdo l qun l vic kinh doanh hng hati xut, chbin hng xut khu v cc kho ngoi quan.

Chnh sch ca Trung Quc i vi cc khu thng mi tdo l:

Cho php cc doanh nghip trong khu thng mi tdo c tdo tin hnhcc hot ng thng mi vi cc cng ty nc ngoi.

Tt c cc loi hnh hot ng thng mi do cc doanh nghip trong khu

thng mi t do (KTMTD) thc hin kt hp vi cc cng ty Trung Qucngoi KTMTD sc coi l cc loi hnh kinh doanh nc ngoi. Cc cng tyhot ng trong KTMTD chc thk hp ng thng mi vi cc cng tyTrung Quc c quyn kinh doanh cc mt hng xut nhp khu.

1.8 Xut nhp khu dc phm c bit

Cc sn phm mu: Trung Quc cm bt cn vhay c nhn no nhp khu cc snphm mu. Trong trng hp khn cp cn cha bnh, nh nhp khu phi thngbo trc cho Cc Y tca tnh thuc squn l ca chnh quyn trung ng c

php nhp khu.Vic xut nhp khu cc loi thuc kch thch thn kinh v thuc phng xphi ckim tra v ng bi BY tTrung Quc.

Cc loi thuc gy m: vic xut nhp khu phi c kim tra v chp thun ca BY tTrung Quc, cng l c quan cp giy php xut nhp khu cc mt hng ny.

Tt ccc sn phm dc phm nhp khu phi c schp thun ca C quan qunl thuc quc gia (SDA). Dc phm nhp khu phi p ng yu cu tiu chun chtlng ca nc sn xut, ng thi phi ph hp vi yu cu GMP (H thng quynh v thc tin sn xut tt Good Manufacturing Practice) ca Trung Quc. Thtc ng k c tin hnh ti Cc Qun l thuc v phi thng qua skim tra trongPhng th nghim ca SDA ni c cng n. Sau khi gim nh cht lng v tinhnh nhng kim tra cn thit, SDA scp mt chng chng k c php nhpkhu cho cc loi dc phm nhp khu. Chng chny sl giy php chnh thc ng k, nhp khu, kinh doanh v sdng dc phm nhp khu vo Trung Quc.

Dc phm nhp khu phi c nhp tcng c chnh trc. Nh nhp khuphi ng k v lm thtc nhp khu vi C quan qun l ngay ti cng ny. Bt ksthay i no trong mt hng, n hng, nhn mc phi thng bo ngay vi SDA.

Khi dc phm vn cng nhp khu, doanh nghip nhp khu phi khai y vo

n gim nh dc phm, sau np cng vi giy ng k dc phm nhp khu vcc giy tlin quan khc cho c quan a phng ca tnh . Sau khi qua kim tra,


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Phng th nghim sc kt qugim nh v nu t yu cu scp giy thng quancho sn phm .

Trng hp khng c php thng quan, trong vng 30 ngy k tngy nhn boco gim nh, doanh nghip nhp khu c thyu cu gim nh li nu thy kt qugim nh l khng hp l. Nu sau khi tin hnh kim tra li, m vn thy khng tha

ng, th doanh nghip c thtrnh ln Vin Qun l dc phm v sinh hc quc giaphn xtrong vng 30 ngy ktngy gim nh li.

1.9 Theo di xut nhp khu v cc bin php tm thi

Ngnh chqun kinh mu i ngoi Quc vvin chu trch nhim vvic theo di,nh gi tnh hnh xut nhp khu hng ha v nh kbo co vi Quc vvin vtnh hnh xut nhp khu hng ha, xut nhng kin ngh.

duy tr s cn bng v cn cn thanh ton quc t, bao gm khi mt cn bngnghim trng vthanh ton quc thoc be domt cn bng nghim trng, hocgimc dtrngoi ttng ng vi vic thc hin khoch pht trin kinh t,

Nh nc c thp dng cc bin php hn chtm thi i vi gi trhoc slnghng ha nhp khu.

thc hin mt hoc mt strong nhng bin php sau y, khi cn thit, Nh ncc thp dng cc bin php tm thi bng mi hnh thc nhm hn chnhp khuhng nng sn, hng thusn.

p dng cc bin php hn chtm thi cho vic sn xut hoc tiu thtrong nci vi cc sn phm tng ng hoc cc sn phm cnh tranh trc tip.

Thng qua hnh thc trcp tiu dng, loi bcc sn phm tng ng hoc ccsn phm cnh tranh trc tip d tha trong nc.

p dng cc bin php hn chsn xut i vi cc sn phm ng vt (c hnhthnh bng cc nng sn v thusn) phi phthuc ton bhoc chyu vo nhpkhu.

C mt trong nhng trng hp sau y, ngnh chqun kinh mu i ngoi Quc vvin c th p dng cc bin php tm thi nhm hn ch hoc cm xut khu vnhng hng ha nht nh:

Tnh hnh khc thng khi xy ra thin tai nghim trng, cn phi hn chhoc cmxut khu.

Sri lon nghim trng trong trt tkinh doanh xut khu, cn phi hn chxutkhu.

1.10 Gim nh v kim ha hng nhp khu

Lut php Trung Quc bt buc tt c cc hng ha trong danh mc hngha phikim tra do Nh nc ban hnh, hay bt buc kim tra theo nhng iu lut v quinh khc, hoc theo cc iu khon trong hp ng mua bn ngoi thng, phi ckim tra trc khi nhp khu, tiu th hoc s dng ti Trung Quc.

i vi hng in t, c kh nhp khu qua s dng: loi tr nhng sn phm nhpkhu v mc ch s dng c bit, cc mt hng qua s dng b cm nhp vo

Trung Quc. Vi cc sn phm qua s dng, trong cc iu khon ca hp ngthng mi phi quy nh r cc vn v bo m sc khe, an ton, bo v mitrng v chng t gim nh trc khi giao hng ln tu ti nc xut khu. Doanh


21/61

nghip nhp khu phi trnh ln C quan gim nh ngay ti cng nhp khu Bo conhp khu cc sn phm in t c kh qua s dng bn sao cc giy t nhpkhu trc khi lm th tc thng quan. Sau khi thng quan, trong mt khong thigian nht nh, doanh nghip nhp khu phi trnh ha n, vn n, danh sch mthng v cc giy t quan trng khc ln C quan gim nh ca a phng ni hngn.

Ngoi ra, cc mt hng nhp khu nh thuc men, thc phm, sn phm ng thcvt, sn phm c kh v in t u phi c giy php an ton. Nh nhp khu TrungQuc hoc cc i l mua hng ca h phi ng k kim ho cng n. Phm vikim tra c c quan kim ho a phng tin hnh gm yu cu v cht lng sn

phm, tnh nng k thut, s lng, trng lng, ng gi, v nhng yu cu an tonkhc.

Tiu chun kim ho ch yu da vo nhng tiu chun quc gia bt buc, tiu chunni thng, hoc nu khng c th da vo nhng tiu chun c qui nh trong hpng mua bn. p ng nhng yu cu kim tra cng n, nh xut khu tt nht

nn ly giy chng nhn cht lng ca Trung Quc trc khi chuyn hng ti y.Qu trnh cp giy chng nhn cht lng v an ton c th yu cu kim tra ton

b chuyn hng v mt nhiu thi gian. Nu sn phm ca bn bt buc phi c chngnhn ny, hy lin h vi:

C quan qun l Nh nc v Kim dch v Kim ho (SAIQ)

Tr s: 15 Fangcaodi Xijie, qun Chaoyang, Bc Kinh 100020 Trung Quc

in thoi: (86-10)6599-4328

Fax: (86-10)6599-4306.

Quy nh v min gim nh hng xut nhp khu

Hng xut nhp khu thuc danh sch nhng mt hng yu cu phi gim nhtrc khi xut nhp khu c thc min gim nh nu c n xin min gim nhhng ha ca ngi nhn hng, ngi gi hng hoc cc hng sn xut (sau y gi lngi yu cu) v c c quan gim nh hng xut nhp khu nh nc kim tra vxc nhn. Ngi yu cu mun xin min gim nh cho hng ha ca mnh phi png c cc yu cu sau:

Doanh nghip sn xut xin min gim nh hng xut nhp khu phi c hthng

m bo cht lng hon ho. Doanh nghip sn xut tin hnh nhp khu hng ha phi c C quan gim nhhng xut nhp khu Nh nc chng nhn hoc phi c Giy chng nhn cho hthng qun l cht lng do cc tchc c lin quan c Hip hi chng thc cngnhn, cp sau khi kim tra v nh gi.

Cht lng ca hng xut nhp khu xin min gim nh phi lun c gimcn nh v phi t 100% mc tiu chun do cc tchc gim nh hng ha t ratrong sut 3 nm lin tc.

Ngi tiu dng Trung Quc cui cng mua hng nhp khu hay ngi tiu dng

nc ngoi cui cng mua hng Trung Quc khng khiu ni n xin min gim nhhng xut nhp khu.


22/61

Ngi yu cu skhng c chp thun n xin min gim nh nu xut hoc nhphng c lin quan n nhng yu cu van ton v vsinh sn phm v nhng hngha c bit sau:

Ng cc v du th, chi, mphm v thit bin;

Hng nhp khu phi c giy chng nhn cht lng v an ton sn phm;

Hng dbgim gi trhoc hng ri;

Nhng hng ha m vic lp gi cv tin hnh thanh ton phi c thc hin cncvo nhng bphn cu thnh sn phm ghi trn giy chng nhn gim nh hngha do hp ng yu cu;

Nhng container kn dng xut nhp khu hng nguy him.

Ngi yu cu mun xin min gim nh hng ha phi lm cc thtc theo trnh tsau y:

Ngi yu cu phi in y v np n xin min gim nh hng ha v nhng

giy tc lin quan cho C quan gim nh hng xut nhp khu Nh nc (bao gm:Giy chng nhn hthng qun l cht lng; Tiu chun cht lng; Ti liu vquitrnh kthut; Giy chng nhn mc tiu chun gim nh; Bin bn kim tra s bca c quan gim nh hng ha v li nhn xt ca ngi tiu dng cui cng).

Ngi yu cu min gim nh chc xut trnh n xin cng cc chng tkmtheo sau khi tchc gim nh hng ha tin hnh gim nh s bti ni sn xutca doanh nghip ph hp bqui tc v qui nh c lin quan.

2. Chnh sch thuv thusut

Tkhi gia nhp Tchc Thng mi Thgii (WTO) vo thng 12 nm 2001, TrungQuc p dng cc bin php nhm tun th theo cc cam kt thng mi khi gianhp WTO. Nhng cam kt ny bao gm gim thunhp khu, gim cc hng ro phithu, mca thtrng cho cc cng ty nc ngoi v tng cng sminh bch.

Trong nhng nm va qua, hthng thuca Trung Quc thay i ng knhmchuyn sang nn kinh tthtrng. Tc tng trng kinh tca Trung Quc v slng cc cng ty vn nc ngoi gia tng khin cho chnh phTrung Quc phici ththng thuca nc ny.

Tuy nhin, mc d Trung Quc thc hin ci cch nhiu lnh vc (ng knht lgim thunhp khu), nhng cc nh xut khu nc ngoi vn phi chu nhiu hngro phi thukhi thm nhp thtrng Trung Quc.

2.1 Chnh sch thuv cch thc qun l

Tng cc Thu (SAT) v BTi chnh Trung Quc (MOF) l hai c quan c trchnhim a ra cc chnh sch v qun l thu. Trung Quc c h thng lut thuvinhiu cp khc nhau. cp quc gia, MOF a ra cc lut thuv Hi ng nhndn c trch nhim thc thi.

SAT ch yu c trch nhim qun l lut thuv thu thu. Nm 1994, Trung Qucthng qua m hnh chia sthugia trung ng v a phng. Theo , SAT c trch

nhim i vi cc loi thutrung ng v cc loi thuchung gia trung ng aphng (nhVAT, thutiu dng v thuthu nhp ca cc doanh nghip c vn u


23/61

t nc ngoi) trong khi cc vn phng thua phng c trch nhim i vi ccloi thuti a phng (nh thuthu nhp c nhn, thukinh doanh).

2.2 Cc loi thuchnh

Ngoi cc loi thuquan, di y l bn tm tt cc loi thuchnh m cc doanhnghip c vn u t nc ngoi c trch nhim ng:

2.2.1 Thuthu nhp doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi

Cc doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi, cc cng ty nc ngoi c vn phng Trung Quc v cc cng ty nc ngoi khng c vn phng ti Trung Quc nhng cthu nhp ti Trung Quc sphi chu thuthu nhp doanh nghip c vn u t ncngoi. Hi ng nhn dn Trung Quc thng qua mt iu lut mi thng nht thusut thu nhp doanh nghip cho ccc cng ty trong nc v nc ngoi l 25%, chiu lc t1 thng 1 nm 2008.

2.2.1 Thugi trgia tng (VAT)

Cc doanh nghip trthuVAT da trn loi hnh kinh doanh v sn phm ca h. Hthng tnh thu xut khu VAT c p dng cho cc doanh nghip tham gia hotng xut nhp khu, sn xut, phn phi hoc bn lti Trung Quc. Tuy nhin, t1thng 1 nm 2007, BTi chnh v Tng cc Thu p dng hon thuVAT chonhiu mt hng khc nhau.

2.2.2 Thukinh doanh

Thukinh doanh c tnh cho cc c nhn v doanh nghip cung cp dch v(ngoiphm vi cc dch vbp thuVAT), chuyn nhng ti sn v hnh v bn bt ngsn ti Trung Quc.

2.2.3

Thutiu dngThutiu dng c tnh cho nhng mt hng tiu dng xa xda trn doanh sbnhng hoc kim ngch nhp khu hng. Nhng mt hng ny bao gm cc sn phmthuc l, ru, ru vang, trang sc, cc sn phm tdu v cc loi ng hgitrcao

2.3 Thuquan v cc hng ro phi thui vi hng xut nhp khu

Trung Quc sdng thuquan v thugi trgia tng (VAT) i vi hng nhp khu.Ngoi ra, mt smt hng cn phi chu thutiu thc bit.

Hi quan Trung Quc chia cc doanh nghip thng mi thnh 4 loi: A, B, C v Dda trn chstin cy.

Doanh nghip loi A c hng nhiu u i trong vic lm th tc hi quan,gim nh v thng quan, gim nh ti ch, dhng c bo m; gim nh thngqua hnh thc chn mu i vi nhng mt hng bt buc c u tin thng bo trctip thng qua mng thng tin in tv c u tin ng k hi quan.

Doanh nghip loi B chu squn l thng thng.

Doanh nghip loi C phi chu skim sot v gim st c bit, v d, phi t ccvi nhng hng ha c yu cu m bo thuquan, hot ng kinh doanh bgim st

cht ch, hu ht cc hot ng xut nhp khu u bkim tra, v bt buc phi lmthtc thng bo hi quan ngay ti a phng.


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Doanh nghip loi D bqun l nghim ngt tt ccc hot ng xut nhp khu,c thbhon thng bo hi quan, gi hng, lu kho, thm ch bcm v pht trongtrng hp pht hin thy doanh nghip ny khng t cch.

2.3.1 Thunhp khu

Thusut thunhp khu ca Trung Quc c tnh da trn Hthng hi ha thu

quan chung (HS). Thusut thunhp khu ca Trung Quc c phn lm hai loi:thu sut chung (khng MFN) v thu sut ti hu quc (MFN) dnh cho cc ncTrung Quc k kt hip nh thng mi. Thusut MFN c p dng vi nhngnc k hip nh thng mi hoc cc tha thun tng tr ln nhau vi TrungQuc, hoc rng hn l cc nc thnh vin WTO. Thusut chung c p dng chonhng nc khng c tha thun tng trln nhau vi Trung Quc.Vit Nam nmtrong scc nc c hng mc thusut ti huquc (MFN) ca Trung Quc vmc thutheo Hip nh thng mi tdo ASEAN-Trung Quc (ACFTA). 5 c khukinh t, cc thnh phmv cc Khu ngoi thng c th p dng vic gim hocmin thuu i.

Thusut thunhp khu ca Trung Quc rt a dng ph thuc vo loi hng ha,linh kin v mc ch sdng ca sn phm. Hu ht thusut thunhp khu cp theo gi hng, c tnh ton da trn tltrgi CIF ca hng ha.

Thusut trung bnh cho hng ha nhp khu khong 9,8%, vi cc sn phm nngsn trung bnh khong 15,3% v cc mt hng cng nghip trung bnh khong 8,95%.Trung Quc cng thng qua chnh sch min thunhp khu cho mt smy mcthit b nhm khuyn khch nghin cu khoa hc v pht trin cng ngh v tngcng u tvo cc ngnh cng nghcao mi nhn.

i khi, cc cng ty xut khu nc ngoi c thsgp mt skh khn do vic pdng khng thng nht vphn loi thuquan, thusut v qun l nhp khu ca ccnhn vin hi quan a phng.

2.3.2 Thusut xut nhp khu ca Trung Quc nm 2011

Theo Thng bo s26-2010 ca Uban ThuQuc vVin Trung Quc, nm 2011Trung Quc tin hnh iu chnh thu sut xut nhp khu ca mt s hng ha.Thng co ny c hiu lc ktngy 01/01/2011 vi ni dung nh sau:

a. iu chnh thusut nhp khu

- Lin quan n thusut ti huquc (MFN):

+ i vi 45 m sthuthuc 8 loi tiu mch tip tc thc hin chqun l bnghn ngch thu, m sthuv thusut ginguyn khng thay i. Vic nhp khu

bng vi s lng nht nh ngoi hn ngch nhp khu s p dng theo mc thutrt. Thusut hn ngch i vi phn ure, phn tng hp v 3 loi phn pht pht l1% (Phlc 1 ca Thng bo 26).

+ i vi 55 mt hng thuc vt liu cm quang tip tc p dng theo mc thutheolng hoc mc thuphc hp. Trong , iu chnh thusut theo lng ca 8 m sthuphim nh (Phlc 2 ca Thng bo 26).

+ i vi 9 mt hng k thut thng tin tip tc p dng thng qua squn l kimsot ca hi quan, m sthuv thusut ginguyn khng thay i.

+ Mc thusut ti huquc khc ginguyn khng thay i.


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i vi mt bphn du nhin liu nhp khu p dng theo mc thusut tm thi(Phlc 3 ca Thng bo 26).

- Cn cvo Hip nh thng mi hoc u i thuquan m Trung Quc kvi cc nc v khu vc c lin quan p dng mc thusut theo Hip nh (Phlc 4 ca Thng bo 26):

i vi mt phn m s thu hng ha c xut x tBrunei, Indonesia, Malaisia,Xingapore, Thi lan, Philipin, Vit Nam, Mianma, Lo v Campuchia tip tc p dngtheo mc thsut Hip nh thng mi tdo Trung QucASEAN.

Mc thusut phthng ginguyn khng thay i.

b. iu chnh thusut xut khu

- Thusut xut khu trong Biu thuxut khu ginguyn khng i.

- i vi vic xut khu ca mt bphn hng ha nh c chnh ging p dng theomc thusut tm thi, i vi mt bphn phn ha hc tip tc p dng theo mc

thu sut xut khu c bit (Ph lc 6 ca Thng bo 26). Phm vi phng thcthng mi thuc thu thuxut khu ginguyn khng thay i.

- iu chnh m sthuhng ha thuc Biu thu

Tin hnh iu chnh i vi m s thu ca mt bphn hng ha (Ph lc 7 caThng bo 26). Sau khi iu chnh tng sm s thuca Biu thuxut khu nm2011 ca Trung Quc l 7.977 (con sny thuc Biu thuxut nhp khu nm 2010l 7.923).

tha mn nhu cu pht trin kinh tx hi, thc y iu chnh c cu kinh t,tng cng tit kim nng lng, gim x thi v bo vmi trng sinh thi, trong

nm 2011 Trung Quc sp dng mc thusut tm thi tng i thp i vi vicnhp khu hn 600 loi hng ha mang tnh ti nguyn, nguyn vt liu c bn v cclinh phkin quan trng.

ng thi, trong nm 2011 Trung Quc s tip tc thu thuxut khu vi mc thusut tm thi i vi vic xut khu hng ha tiu hao nhiu nng lng, gy nhimcao v sdng ti nguyn nh than , du th, kim loi mu. Nhm quy phm xutkhu t him v gii quyt vn gi phn ha hc tng cao, quyt nh tng thusut xut khu i vi c bit sn phm t him, iu chnh thch ng thusut xutkhu phn ha hc trong cc thi gian tiu thchm, thi gian tiu thcao.

tra cu chi tit, ngh truy cp vo trang web ca BTi chnh Trung Quc:www.mof.gov.cn

2.3.3 Trgi tnh thu

Theo qui nh thuquan ca Trung Quc, trgi hng ha nhp khu nh thulgi CIF, bao gm cgi bn thng thng ca hng ha cng chi ph ng gi, ccchuyn ch, ph bo him v hoa hng cho ngi bn.

2.3.4 Hon thuvi cc mt hng xut khu

Thtc vQun l Hon thu(hay min thu) i vi hng ha xut khu ca chnh

phTrung Quc quy nh rng cc doanh nghip c php tham gia hot ng xutkhu hng ha c th np bo co hng thng ln Cc Thu sau khi tin hnh xut


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hng theo ng thtc ti chnh v khai bo hi quan xin hon thuhoc min thugi trgia tng v thutiu dng.

Nm 1999, tlhon thuxut khu i vi my mc, sn phm in, in t, mymc vn ti, ng ho v hng may mc l 17%.

Nguyn liu ngnh dt v cc sn phm khng phi hng may mc v cc loi my

mc in tkhng thuc cc loi va ktrn p dng mc thuGTGT 17% schng tlhon thu15%.

Cc loi hng ha khc p dng mc thuVAT 17% v cc mt hng khng phi nngsn p dng thuVAT13% sc hng tlhon thul 13%.

Hng nng sn c hng hon thu5%.

2.3.5 ThuVAT

Ngoi thuquan, hng nhp khu cng nh cc hng ha c sn xut trong ncphi chu thugi trgia tng (VAT) chung t13% n 17%.

i vi i bphn hng nng sn, v c coi l mt hng thit yu, thusut VATchung l 13%.

Gn y, vic min hoc gim mt phn thuVAT c sdng iu tit nhpkhu mt smt hng. Nm 1995, Trung Quc min thuVAT cho bt tng khuyn khch nhp khu. Nhng n 1/5/1999, Trung Quc bi bvic hon thunygim lng nhp khu bt tng. iu ny lm tng gi bt tng v bohc ngnh sn xut du tng Trung Quc.

2.3.6 Cc hng ro phi thu: Hn ngch thuquan

Nh phn trn, mc 1: Qun l xut nhp khu, Trung Quc, ging nh nhiu thnhvin ca WTO, p dng hthng hn ngch thuquan v thng mi Nh nc phhp vi quy nh ca WTO i vi cc mt hng nhy cm, cthi vi hng nngsn bao gm la m, ng, go, bng v du tng, du c, du ht ci, ng, lenv bng.

Trung Quc c nhiu loi hn ngch thuquan da trn h thng thuquan hai cp.Thusut cho loi hn ngch nhp khu c bit mc thp v nu nhp khu vthn ngch cho php sbp thusut cao hn.

Di y l mt smt hng nng sn chu hn ngch nhp khu:

Len th/ cun len ng

Bt m

Bng

Go

Diammonium phosphate

U-r

Phn bn tng hp NPKTrung Quc cng cam kt m bo tnh minh bch v thng nht trong vic phn bhn ngch v cc i tng c phn bhn ngch khng bcn tr trong vic s


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dng hn ngch. Nu khng c s dng ht hn ngch thuquan c thc tiphn bcho i tng khc.

c thng tin cp nht vcc mc thusut nhp khu, doanh nghip c th truycp vo trang web ca BTi chnh Trung Quc: www.mof.gov.cnhoc lin hvi VChu - Thi Bnh Dng, BCng Thng.

3. Quy nh vchng nhn sn phm, bao gi v nhn mcChnh phTrung Quc a ra cc quy nh cthvchng nhn sn phm, dn nhnv bao gi cho cc sn phm nhp khu. iu quan trng l sn phm cn phi tuntheo cc quy nh ca chnh phTrung Quc, khng gp kh khn khi nhp khuvo thtrng ny.

Mt trong nhng kh khn m cc cng ty xut khu nc ngoi gp phi l nhngnh ngha cha r rng trong lut, thi gian c cp chng nhn tiu chun v skhng thng nht ca cc c quan qun l nh nc Trung Quc vcc tiu chun kthut.

3.1 Chng nhn sn phm

Tng cc Kim dch, o lng v Qun l cht lng Trung Quc (AQSIQ) qun lvic chng nhn sn phm v cc quy trnh kim dch. Bn c th tham kho thmthng tin bng ting Anh trn trang web ca AQSIQ http://english.aqsiq.gov.cn/.

Mt vi quy nh chnh vchng nhn sn phm nh sau:

Du chng nhn bt buc ca Trung Quc (CCC) l nhn vcht lng v an ton chiu lc t1 thng 8 nm 2003. Quy nh ny yu cu nh sn xut mt ssn phm

phi c nhn CCC trc khi xut khu hoc bn sn phm cho thtrng Trung Quc.

Chng nhn ny bt buc i vi cc sn phm in/ in t, sn phm t v cc snphm khc c lin quan n sc khe v an ton ca con ngi. Cc cng ty xut khulu chng nhn ny yu cu kim nh cc c ssn xut ti nc xut khu v nhsn xut phi chu mi chi ph lin quan.

C hiu lc t1 thng 3 nm 2007, lut mi vHn chcht nguy him (RoHS) cthc hin nhm hn chv kim sot vic sdng cc cht nguy him v c hi khisn xut cc sn phm thng tin in t.

Hng mphm xut khu sang Trung Quc cn c km theo giy chng nhn y tcaBY tTrung Quc (MOH). Quy nh ny yu cu c nhng nh gi van ton theo

tiu chun quc tv cc sliu lin quan n cc thnh phn c sdng ph hpvi Quy nh vvsinh i vi mphm ca Trung Quc.

i vi thc vt v cc sn phm tthc vt nhp khu vo Trung Quc, cn c giychng nhn vsinh thc vt.

Theo lut Trung Quc vnhng tiu chun an ton v cht lng sn phm, mt smt hng nhp khu yu cu phi c gim nh v chng nhn ph hp vi nhngtiu chun bt buc ca quc gia, nhng tiu chun mu dch trong nc v nhng tiuchun qui nh trong hp ng. Mt sn phm nu c cp giy chng nhn chtlng sc dn nhn an ton sn phm.

Mi hng ha lu thng trn th trng Trung Quc u phi c mc km theo ccthng tin lin quan bng ting Trung Quc. C quan Kim dch Cht lng v Y tquc gia yu cu hng thc phm nhp khu nh: ko, ru, qu hch, thc phm


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ng hp v pho mt phi c dn tem v chng nhn an ton sn phm trc khicho xut khu v nhp khu. Nh nhp khu phi chu ph dn nhn c hnh, v nhndnh c hnh chc nh vo sn phm khi c sng ca C quan SACI (Cquan Kim dch hng xut nhp khu Nh nc).

3.2 Dn nhn

Cc Qun l nh nc vkim tra kim dch hng ha xut nhp khu Trung Quc(CIQ) a ra cc quy nh vdn nhn i vi mt shng ha nhp khu nht nh,chyu l hng tiu dng. Cc loi nhn mc sdng ting Trung Quc cn p ngcc lut, quy nh v tiu chun bt buc ca Trung Quc. Vic kim tra nhn mcting Trung Quc do CIQ thc hin khi kim tra kim dch hng ha.

3.2.1 Yu cu vnhn mc

Cc yu cu vnhn mc ca Trung Quc rt a dng ph thuc vo loi hng hanhp khu. Tt ccc sn phm u phi sdng nhn mc bng ting Trung Quc(ting Trung Quc n gin). Mt vi sn phm yu cu c cnhn mc ting Trung

Quc v ting Anh. Mt yu cu bt buc l nhn mc ting Trung Quc phi c inv dn trn kin hng trc khi n cng n ca Trung Quc.

Do nhng kh khn trong vic dch v cp nht cc thng tin vquy nh nhn mcca Trung Quc cng nh nhng thay i thng xuyn vchnh sch ca CIQ, nhxut khu Vit Nam nn kim tra cc quy nh v nhn mc vi i tc nhp khuhoc i l trc khi xut khu hng ha.

3.2.2 Thi gian xl

Bt u t1 thng 4 nm 2006, cc quy nh vkim tra trc v chng nhn trcnhn mc c xa b. Cc nhn mc ting Trung Quc phi c in trn bao bthc phm v mphm trc khi kin hng ri cng i. C quan kim tra kim dchti cng n pha Trung Quc s xc nhn nhn mc trong qu trnh kim tra kimdch. Nu khng c nhn mc bng ting Trung Quc hoc nhn mc bng ting TrungQuc khng p ng cc lut, quy nh v tiu chun cn thit, kin hng sbcoi lkhng m bo tiu chun v sc gi ti mt kho ngoi quan c chnh disgim st ca cc phng ban ca AQSIQ sa nhn mc.

3.2.2 Chi ph

Ti Trung Quc, chi ph lin quan n vic thc hin mt nhn mc ting Trung Qucrt a dng. Thc tl cc quy nh ca Trung Quc thay i rt thng xuyn v mt

schi ph do c quan hi quan ca Trung Quc thu c tnh theo t l gi tr cahng ha nhp khu. Cc loi ph do nhng c quan ny thu bao gm kim tra kimdch sn phm v kim tra nhn mc hng ha.

3.2.3 Dn nhn hng thc phm

Qui nh v tiu chun dn nhn hng thc phm ca Trung Quc c hiu lc t1/10/1995. Qui nh ny yu cu tt chng thc phm ng gi (ngoi trhng ri)

phi c nh nhn bng ting Trung Quc ghi r loi sn phm, tn nhn hiu, tnthng mi, tn v a chca nh sn xut, nc xut x, thnh phn cu thnh, ngysn xut v hn sdng. Qui nh ny p dng cho hng nhp khu cng nh hng ni

a ng gi.Du chng nhn bt buc


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Chnh ph Trung Quc p dng h thng chng nhn an ton mi, p dng cho 132mt hng. Vi h thng ny, cc nh sn xut mun xut khu hoc bn hng TrungQuc phi c c du CCC. H thng bt u c p dngvo 1/5/2002 v honton c hiu lc vo 1/5/2003.

Du CCC

CCC l vit tt ca t "China Compulsory Certification" (Chng nhn bt buc caTrung Quc). y l du an ton v cht lng mi nht ca Trung Quc. T nm

1989, Cng ha Nhn dn Trung Hoa c h thng chng ch an ton gm du CCIBcho sn phm ca 47 loi hng v CCEE "Great Wall" cho cc mt hng in vi 7loi. Do h thng chng nhn pht trin nhanh trong nhng nm 1990, nhiu ncxut khu n Trung Quc t ra lng tng vi hai h thng chng nhn nh vy, dovic th nghim tha v cch i x khc nhau gia hng trong nc v hng nhpkhu. V l do , du CCC ra i l s hp nht ca hai du trn v k tha rt nhiuyu cu ca cc h thng chng nhn trc . Cc Cng nhnv Chng nhn TrungQuc (CNCA) chu trch nhim qun l h thng tiu chun mi vn c pht trin p ng c nhng yu cu t ra cho vic Trung Quc gia nhp WTO. Trungtm Chng nhn Cht lng Trung Quc (CQC) c ch nh bi CNCA x l

vic cp du CCC.Nhng sn phm phi c du CCC: C 132 loi sn phm cn c du CCC. Danhschchi tit cc mt hng ny c th tm thy :http://www.cqc.com.cn/ccc/catalogureeng.pdf

Qu trnh xin cp CCC c th:

ko di 60 n 90 ngy hoc lu hn;

yu cu th nghim ti mt phng th nghim c cng nhn Trung Quc;

thng thng khng chp nhn hnh thc t chng nhn hoc kt qu th nghim

ca bn th 3; yu cu trnh rt nhiu ti liu k thut;

yu cu gi mt sn phm mu n phng th nghim Trung Quc;

yu cu c s gim st cng ty ca cc chuyn vin Trung Quc vi chi ph do cngty xin cp t tr;

yu cu c kim tra nh k sau khong 12 n 18 thng mt ln;

chi ph c th n vi ngn la M.

Cc bc xin cp du CCCBc 1: Xc nh xem sn phm ca mnh c cn du CCC khng


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Hy kim tra Danh mc ca CNCA xem sn phm ca bn, hay b phn trong thnhphm c yu cu phi c du CCC khng. Danh mc gm c 12 loi hng vi tt ccc sn phm cn c du CCC. Nu nhng m t ngn gn trong danh mc khng gip bn xc nh c rng sn phm ca mnh c cn CCC hay khng th bn chai la chn khc:

a)

Xem "Nguyn tc thi hnh" (Implementation Rules) ca CNCA c nu trongbc 2. 47 nguyn tc nh ny s cung cp nhng phm vi ng dng, trong trng hpno c th m t chi tit hn v sn phm cn c CCC.

b)Xem "Thng bo 60 "(Announcement 60), vi bng c kt ni n M HS cho snphm (tham kho www.cnca.gov.cn/board/bianmabiao.htm). Phn ny ch c bngting Trung Quc, nhng bn c th xc nh m HS cho sn phm ca cng ty bn.

Nu bn khng bit m HS ca bn, hy kim tra vi hng vn chuyn hng ha cabn.

Phi lun thc rng b phn c trong thnh phm nhiu khi cng cn c du CCC.

Thng thng, nh sn xut b phn cng c yu cu c du CCC. Linh kin hayph tng thay th cng c th cn c du CCC. Hy yu cu i l ngi Trung Qucgip bn v vn ny.

Bc 2: Nm bt cc quy nh thi hnh

CNCA ban hnh 47 "Nguyn tc Thi hnh cho Chng nhn Bt buc". Cc nguyntc c th tm thy bng ting Anh ti trang web:www.cnca.gov.cn/download/english.html. Cc nguyn tc ny nu ra rt nhiu tiuchun GB l Tiu chun quc gia bt buc p dng ca Trung Quc. Tiu chun c thtm thy ti:

WTO/TBT National EnquiryPoint Administration of Quality

Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine Peoples Republic of China

in thoi: +86-10-856-22885

Fax: +86-10-856-22884

E-mail: [email protected]

Bc 3:Cn nhc trc khi np n xin

Mt s cng ty cc i l hoc c vn thc hin vic xin cp du CCC, mt s khcth t lm hoc nh nh nhp khu hoc phn phi lm. Hy tham kho cc i tc,cc nh phn phi ngi Trung Quc hay ngi qun l xut khu ca bn, h c thc kinh nghim vi du CCC v s ch cho bn n nhng ngun khc.

Bc 4: Np n

Nu bn chn t x l vic xin cp du, hy vo trang Web ca Trung tm chng nhncht lng Trung Quc (CQC) xem hng dn v vic np n xin cp du CCC.

Vic np n gm 5 bc:

Np n: Gm n xin v cc ti liu h tr nh hng dn s dng, bo co CB,bo co v EMC, nhn quy nh v cc thng tin khc.


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Th nghim loi: Mt phng th nghim c CNCA ch nh s th sn phmmu.

Kim tra nh my: CQC s c i din n kim tra cc phng tin sn xut snphm ca bn. Gi s bn c sn phm A c sn xut t 5 nh my khc nhau, bns b kim tra c 5 nh my .

nh gi kt qu chng nhn, theo sau l cng nhn hoc khng cng nhn hoc

th li.

Kim tra tip theo: C 12-18 thng th i din ca Trung Quc s kim tra nhmy sn xut sn phm .

Ghi ch nhng yu cu chng nhn khc Trung Quc: Ging nh nhiu nc khc,Trung Quc c nhiu s chng nhn khc nhau. Cho d du CCC l yu cu chngnhn ph bin rng khp nht nhng sn phm ca bn vn c th phi chu nhiu yucu khc, tu sn phm, v d nh mt s thit b y t, thit b vin thng. Nn tmhiu k vn ny t cc i tc Trung Quc.

3.3 Bao gi

Tt c cc vt liu bao gi bng g u c x l v chng nhn theo tiu chunquc t c cng nhn ISPM 15. Quy nh ny c AQSIQ thc hin t 1 thng6 nm 2005.

3.3.1 Cc k hiu c s dng trn bao gi

C bn k hiu c bn th hin cc tnh cht khc nhau ca vt liu dng lm bao gi.

Bng: K hiu bao gi c bn ca Trung Quc

STT M t K hiu hnh ha Ghi ch

1 Nguyn liu c th tisdng

Chc sdng cho cch thng iu khin vngkn. Khng c sdngcho cc pallet tiuchun

2 Nguyn liu c th tich

K hiu thng dng nht.Dng xc nh tt c

cc nguyn liu bao giph hp cho ti ch, cth c xc nh trongnc khi bao gi ca vo hthng rc thi.

3 Nguyn liu c thphc hi

Khng khuyn khch sdng trn bao b Christie


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4 Nhn nguyn liu xanh Ch c s dng chovic thu thp rc thi ca

bn thba v cc chngtrnh ti sdng

3.3.2 Kch ck hiu

20mmx20mm, 40mmx40mm, 60mmx60mm v 80mmx80mm l bn kch c tiuchun ca k hiu trn bao gi. Nu din tch bmt ca bao gi nhhn 5x103mm2,cn c ghi ch trong quyn gii thiu sn phm thay v vic sdng k hiu.

3.3.3 Mu sc ca k hiu

K hiu phi c in en trng. Theo tiu chun quc gia, mu en c sdng chocc loi bao gi nha thng thng, trong khi mu xanh l cy nht (GSB B51001-94G3) c sdng cho cc mc ch chung khc. C th la chn mu khc thay vmu xanh l cy nu so vi mu nn ca bao gi, mu xanh l cy khng nhn r hocnu cc k hiu khc ang sdng c in theo mt mu tiu chun khc.

3.3.4 Vtr ca k hiu

Cc k hiu ti sdng khng c in chn ln cc ni dung ca bao gi v nhn mccn c t vtr dthy.

3.3.5 Slng k hiu

Thng thng mi bao gi cn c mt k hiu.

3.3.6 Cc bin php dn nhn

Cc bin php thng thng bao gm: in, ng du hoc dn nhn hoc in phun. Nhnmc cn r rng v tn ti trn bao gi trong sut thi gian c ti s dng.

Bng: K hiu vshiu nguyn liu bao gi ca Trung Quc

M t K hiu vit tt ShiuNha PET 01

HDPE 02PVC 03

LDPE 04PP 05PS 06

Nha khc 07Cc loi si c sng CFB -Cc loi si cng khng csng

NCFB -

Giy WPP -Cctng PB -Cctng sng CB -

Thp FE -Nhm ALU -


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G NW -Thy tinh khng mu GL1 -Thy tinh nu GL2 -Thy tinh xanh GL3 -Giy hoc cctng/ Nha - 31

Giy hoc cctng/ Nhm - 32Giy hoc cctng/ Ch - 33Giy hoc cctng/ Kim loitng hp

- 34

Giy hoc cctng/ Nha/Kim loi

- 41

Nha/ Nhm - 11Nha/ Ch - 12Nha/ Kim loi tng hp - 13Nha/ Thy tinh - 14

Thy tinh/ Nhm - 21Thy tinh/ Ch - 22Thy tinh/ Kim loi tng hp - 23

4. Quy nh vkim dch ng thc vt

4.1 Kim dch nhp cnh

Nhp khu cc loi ng vt, sn phm tng vt, ht ging v cy ging thc vtcng nhng vt liu gy ging khc, phi xin php trc v lm thtc xt duyt kimdch.

Trng hp nhp khu ng thc vt, sn phm tng thc vt v nhng vt kimdch khc bng hnh thc thng qua mu dch, hp tc khoa hc kthut, trao i biutng, vin tr phi ghi r trong hp ng nhng yu cu kim dch vlut nh caTrung Quc, v phi km theo giy chng nhn kim dch ca c quan kim dch ngthc vt ca chnh phnc hoc lnh thcho xut cnh.

Trc khi nhp cnh hoc khi nhp cnh cc loi ng thc vt, sn phm tngthc vt v nhng vt kim dch khc, chhng hoc ngi i l cho chhng phikim dch vi c quan kim dch ng thc vt ti ca khu nhp cnh bng giychng nhn kim dch ca nc hoc lnh thxut cnh, hp ng thng mi

Khi cc phng tin chuyn chng vt n ca khu, c quan kim dch ng thcvt ca khu phi p dng cc bin php phng nga ngay hin trng, tin hnh xl

phng nga dch bnh v trit khun i vi nhng ngi ln xung phng tin vnti hoc tip xc vi cc ng vt, cc phng tin vn ti chuyn chng vt vnhng ni bnhim bn.

Nhp khu cc loi ng thc vt, sn phm tng thc vt v cc vt kim dchkhc, phi kim dch ti ca khu nhp cnh. Cha c sng ca c quan kimdch ca khu, khng c bc d khi phng tin vn ti. Nhng ng thc vtnhp khu, cn kim dch cch ly, c kim dch ti ni cch ly do c quan kimdch ng thc vt ca khu chnh.

Do nguyn nhn hn ch viu chnh ca ca khu, c thdo c quan kim dchng thc vt Nh nc quyt nh vn chuyn nhng ng thc vt, sn phm t


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ng thc vt v nhng vt kim dch khc n ni chnh kim dch. Trong qutrnh vn chuyn v bc xp, chhng hoc ngi i l ca chhng phi p dngcc bin php phng nga dch bnh. Nhng ni ch nh gi, ch bin v nuicch ly hoc trng cch ly phi ph hp vi quy nh kim dch ng thc vt v

phng nga dch bnh.

Nhng loi ng thc vt, sn phm tng thc vt v nhng vt kim dch khcc nhp khu, qua kim dch t tiu chun, cho php nhp cnh; Hi quan kimnghim v cho thng quan bng giy chng nhn hoc ng du trn giy bo quanca c quan kim dch ng thc vt ca khu.

Nhng loi ng thc vt, sn phm tng thc vt v nhng vt kim dch khc,cn di chuyn khi khu gim qun ca hi quan kim dch, hi quan xt nghim vcho thng quan bng giy thng bo di chuyn kim dch do c quan kim dchng thc vt ca khu cp.

Nhng loi ng vt nhp khu, qua kim dch khng t chun, do c quan kim dch

ng thc vt k giy thng bo x l kim dch, thng bo cho ch hng hocngi i l chhng xl nh sau:

+ Kim tra ra cc ng vt mang bnh truyn nhim, bnh k sinh trng loi I, trvton bng vt cng n hoc git ton bn ng vt v tiu hy thi th.

+ Kim tra ra cc ng vt mang bnh truyn nhim, bnh k sinh trng loi II, trvhoc git cht, cc ng vt cng n khc c theo di cch ly ti bi cch ly hoca im chnh khc.

Trng hp nhp khu cc sn phm tng vt v nhng vt kim dch khc quakim dch khng t tiu chun, do c quan kim dch ng thc vt ca khu k v

pht giy thng bo xl vkim dch, thng bo cho chhng hoc ngi i lchhng xl theo trit tiu c hi, trvhoc tiu hy. Qua xl trit tiu c hit chun, cho php nhp cnh.

Trng hp nhp nhng thc vt, sn phm tthc vt v nhng vt kim dch khc,qua kim dch pht hin c bnh, su, cdi mang tnh nguy him ca thc vt, do cquan kim dch ng thc vt ca khu k v pht giy thng bo xl kim dch,thng bo cho chhng hoc ngi i l chhng xl theo trit tiu c hi, trvhoc tiu hy. Qua xl trit tiu c hi t chun, cho php nhp cnh.

Danh mc bnh truyn nhim, bnh k sinh trng ng vt loi I, loi II v Danh mc

cc bnh, su, c di mang tnh nguy him ca thc vt, do ngnh ch qun hnhchnh nng nghip ca Quc vvin n nh v cng b.

Nhp cc ng thc vt, sn phm tng thc vt v nhng vt kim dch khc, quakim dch pht hin c trng hp c cc su bnh tc hi nghim trng n nng lmnghip, chn nui v ng nghip, do c quan kim dch ng thc vt ca khu thng

bo cho chhng hoc i l chhng s l theo trit tiu c hi, trvhoc tiuhy theo quy nh ca ngnh chqun hnh chnh nng nghip Quc v vin. Quatrit tiu c hi t chun, cho php nhp cnh.

4.2 Kim dch xut cnh

Trc khi xut cnh cc loi ng thc vt, cc sn phm tng thc vt v cc vtkim dch khc, chhng hoc ngi i l ca chhng khai bo kim dch vi cquan kim dch ng thc vt ti ca khu. Nhng ng vt cn kim dch cch ly


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trc khi xut cnh, kim dch ti ni cch ly c c quan kim dch ng thc vtca khu chnh.

Xut cnh nhng loi ng thc vt, sn phm tng thc vt v nhng vt kimdch khc, do c quan kim dch ng thc vt ca khu tin hnh kim dch, quakim dch t chun hoc qua xl trit tiu c hi t chun, cho php xut cnh;

hi quan xt nghim v cho thng quan bng giy chng nhn do c quan kim dchng thc vt ca khu k v pht hoc ng du trn tkhai bo hi quan. Trnghp kim dch khng t chun v khng c phng php hu hiu trit tiu chi, khng cho php xut cnh.

Nhng loi ng thc vt, sn phm tng thc vt v nhng vt kim dch khc qua kim dch t chun, c mt trong nhng trng hp nh sau, ch hng hocngi i l ca chhng phi khai bo kim dch li:

+ Thay i quc gia hoc lnh thnhp, quc gia hoc lnh thnhp sau khi thay ic i hi vkim dch khc;

+ Thay i bao b hoc vn khng c ng ghp sau ny mi ng ghp.+ Vt qu thi hn c gi trquy nh vkim dch.

4.3 Kim dch qu cnh

Trng hp yu cu vn chuyn ng vt qu cnh, trc tin phi c sng ca c quan kim dch ng thc vt nh nc Trung Quc, v qu cnh theo cakhu v ng i c chnh. Cc phng tin vn ti ng vt qu cnh, ng,thc n gia sc v vt liu tri m phi ph hp nhng quy nh ca Trung Quc vkim dch ng thc vt.

Trng hp vn chuyn ng thc vt, sn phm tng thc vt v nhng vt kimdch khc, do ngi vn chuyn hoc ngi p ti cm ly n ch hng v giychng nhn kim dch ca c quan kim dch ng thc vt ca chnh phquc giahoc lnh thxut cnh, khai bo kim dch vi c quan kim dch ng thc vt tica khu, ca khu xut cnh khng kim dch na.

Nhng ng vt qu cnh sau khi kim dch t chun, cho php qu cnh. Trnghp pht hin c bnh truyn nhim ng vt, bnh k sinh trng, c n ng vtkhng cho php qu cnh. Trng hp thc n gia sc cho ng vt qu cnh b lynhim su bnh, xl bng trit tiu c hi, khng cho php qu cnh hoc tiu hy.Thi th, vt thi ca ng vt qu cnh, vt liu tri m cng nhng cht thi khc,

phi xl theo quy nh ca c quan kim dch ng thc vt, khng c tvt b.i vi thc vt, sn phm tng thc vt v nhng vt kim dch khc qu cnh, cquan kim dch ng thc vt ca khu kim tra nhng phng tin vn ti hoc bao

b ng gi. Sau kim dch t chun, cho php qu cnh; trng hp pht hin c subnh, xl trit tiu c hi hoc khng cho qu cnh.

Trong trng hp qu cnh ca nhng ng thc vt, sn phm tng thc vt vnhng vt kim dch khc, cha c php ca c quan kim dch ng thc vt,khng c tho dbao b ng gi hoc bc dkhi phng tin vn ti.

4.4 Hng min kim dch

Hng min kim dch phi t 3 tiu chun:


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Doanh nghip sn xut phi c h thng cht lng hon thin v phi c s gimst, ng ca Cc kim nghim nh nc v c cp chng nhn do C quan kimtra cht lng cp.

Doanh nghip sn xut phi c s chp nhn ca U ban cng tc v h thng ISO9000.

Cht lng hng min kim dch phi n nh lu di. T l hng t tiu chun v

kim dch khi xut khu phi t 100% lin tc trong 3 nm.

4.5 Hng lin quan n an ton vsinh, bt buc kim dch

Cc mt hng ny bao gm:

Lng thc, du n, thc phm, chi, m phm, in.

Nhng mt hng c xp vo qun l giy php an ton cht lng nhp khu.

Hng d bin cht hoc hng ha ri.

Hng m Hp ng quy nh t l, thnh phn, hm lng tronggiy chng nhnkim nghim hng ha cp.

ng, ng gi dng cho hng nguy him trong xut nhp khu.

4.6 Kim nghim thc phm xut nhp khu

Thc phm, cht phgia thc phm v sn phm c lin quan n thc phm nhpkhu phi ph hp vi tiu chun nh nc Trung Quc van ton thc phm. Thc

phm nhp khu sau khi c c quan kim nghim kim dch xut nhp cnh kimtra t tiu chun, c quan hi quan s cho php nhp khu trn c s chng nhnthng quan do c quan kim nghim kim dch xut nhp cnh k.

Thc phm nhp khu cn cha c tiu chun quc gia van ton thc phm, hocloi phgia thc phm mi, loi hng lin quan n thc phm mi nhp khu ln u,ngi nhp khu cn gi n nghcho C quan hnh chnh y tQuc vVin,ng thi cung cp ti liu c lin quan nh gi vtnh an ton. C quan hnh chnhy tQuc vVin sra quyt nh c cp php hay khng, v kp thi ban hnh tiuchun nh nc van ton thc phm thch hp.

Nhng s kin v an ton thc phm pht sinh nc ngoi c kh nng gy nhhng n Trung Quc, hoc pht hin ra vn an ton thc phm nghim trngtrong thc phm nhp khu th C quan kim nghim kim dch xut nhp cnh nh

nc sp dng cnh bo ri ro hoc bin php khng ch, ng thi thng bo chocc c quan Hnh chnh y t, Hnh chnh nng nghip, Qun l hnh chnh cngthng Quc vVin v Gim st qun l thc phm, thuc men Nh nc. Nhng cquan nhn c thng bo cn kp thi p dng cc bin php thch hp.

Nh xut khu hoc nh i l xut khu thc phm vo Trung Quc cn phi cungcp h s cho C quan kim nghim kim dch xut nhp cnh Nh nc. Doanhnghip sn xut thc phm nc ngoi xut khu thc phm vo Trung Quc cn phing k vi C quan kim nghim kim dch xut nhp cnh Nh nc.

C quan kim nghim kim dch xut nhp cnh Nh nc cn phi nh kcng b

danh sch cc nh xut khu, i l np hs v doanh nghip sn xut thc phmnc ngoi ng k.


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Thc phm nhp khu c bao b ng sn cn phi c nhn mc, hng dn bng tingTrung Quc. Nhn mc, hng dn phi ph hp vi yu cu ca Lut ny, quy nhca php lut, php quy hnh chnh c lin quan khc ca Trung Quc v ph hp vitiu chun nh nc v an ton thc phm, ghi r ni sn xut v tn gi, a ch,

phng thc lin lc ca nh i l thc phm ti Trung Quc. Thc phm c bao bng sn nu khng c nhn mc, hng dn bng ting Trung hoc nhn mc, hngdn khng ph hp vi quy nh ti iu ny skhng c php nhp khu.

Nh nhp khu phi xy dng chghi chp vic nhp khu v tiu ththc phm,vi cc ni dung nh: tn hng, quy cch, s lng, ngy sn xut, shiu sn xuthoc nhp khu, hn sdng, tn nh xut nhp khu, phng thc lin lc, ngy giaohng Ghi chp vnhp khu v tiu ththc phm phi chn thc, thi gian lu trkhng c t hn 2 nm.

Thc phm xut khu do c quan kim nghim kim dch xut nhp cnh tin hnhgim st, ly mu xt nghim v hi quan cho php xut khu trn c sgiy thngquan do c quan kim nghim kim dch xut nhp cnh k. Doanh nghip sn xut

thc phm xut khu v c snui trng nguyn liu thc phm xut khu phi lp hs gi C quan kim nghim kim dch xut nhp cnh Nh nc.

C quan kim nghim kim dch xut nhp cnh Nh nc phi thu thp, tng hp ccthng tin van ton thc phm xut nhp khu, v kp thi thng bo cho cc c quanv doanh nghip c lin quan.

C quan kim nghim kim dch xut nhp cnh Nh nc cn phi xy dng v chocng bdanh sch cc nh xut khu, nhp khu, doanh nghip sn xut thc phmxut khu c uy tn. i vi cc nh xut khu, nhp khu v doanh nghip sn xutthc phm xut khu b lit vo danh sch xu, cn phi tng cng cng tc kim

nghim kim dch i vi thc phm xut, nhp khu ca h.5. Quyn s hu tr tu

K t khi gia nhp T chc Thng mi th gii (WTO) vo thng 12 nm 2001,chnh ph Trung Quc thc hin cc bc tin quan trng nhm tng cng hthng quyn shu tr tu(IP) v cc bin php thc thi quyn ny. Cc bin phpny bao gm vic xem xt li cc lut vsng ch, bn quyn v thng hiu nhm

ph hp vi Hip nh ca WTO vcc kha cnh lin quan n quyn shu tr tu(Hip nh TRIPs). Cc c quan chc nng ca Trung Quc cng thc hin cc bin

php chng li svi phm quyn shu tr tunh kt n, pht hoc tch thu hng ha.

5.1Cc hnh thc ca quyn shu tr tuti Trung Quc:

Thng hiu

Sng ch(pht minh, cc m hnh v thit kmang tnh thit thc)

Bn quyn

Quyn ca ngi ci to ging cy trng

Tn min

5.2 Gim thiu ri ro vIP

Mt scu hi cn cn nhc:

Bn c IP c ng k Trung Quc cha?


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Bn tnh n chi ph v thi gian cn thit cha?

Nu khng kim sot IP, c nh hng n cng vic kinh doanh ca bn haykhng?

Bn ang ln k hoch xut khu hng tiu th trn th trng ni a TrungQuc hay nhp khu tTrung Quc?

Mt sbin php nhm gim thiu ri ro:

Coi vic bo h IP l yu t trng tm trong chin lc i vi th trng TrungQuc.

Trong khi la chn i tc kinh doanh, hy cp n vic p dng IP.

m bo bn ng k IP theo tn ca bn.

Thm cc iu khon vvic bo h IP trong hp ng vi cc i tc hay nhnvin kinh doanh v trong cc khoch marketing.

Cn nhc vic p dng cc bin php bo vIP trong sut qu trnh thit k. Thc hin kim ton IP i vi chui cung cp ca bn v xc nh cc khu vcc tim nng btn cng.

Duy tr tnh bo mt i vi cc yu tquan trng trong qu trnh sn xut (v dpdng bin php hp en).

Phn chia qu trnh sn xut, thc hin ti cc a im khc nhau.

5.3 Thtc ng k IP

c bo hIP trong hthng ca Trung Quc, bn phi ng k loi hnh IPca cng ty bn vi c quan lin quan.

ng k trong phm vi hthng ca Trung Quc, v thc hin cc bin php bohnhm bo vnhng ci bn khng thng k hoc khng ph hp ng k.

Ngi Trung Quc tin cy hthng ng k IP mt cch rng ri.

5.4 Khung php l thc hin bo vIP

C hai n v thc hin bo vIP Trung Quc: cc c quan hnh chnh v ta n.Cc c quan chnh phc trch nhim thc hin vmt hng chnh bao gm:

Thng hiuVn phng thng hiu thuc Ban qun l Cng nghip v Thngmi nh nc (SAIC)www.saic.gov.cn

Sng ch- Vn phng quyn shu tr tunh nc (SIPO)www.sipo.gov.cn

Bn quynC quan bn quyn quc gia (NCA)www.ncac.gov.cn

Bn cnh , ta n cng tham gia vo vic thc hin bo vIP bao gm ta dn svta hnh s.

6. Chnh sch chng ph gi

Trong trng hp mt sn phm nhp khu, bng vic bn ph gi hoc tr cp,

gy ra nhng thit hi ng k hoc gp phn l mi e da gy ra nhng thit hing k n nhng ngnh lin quan ca Trung Quc hoc gy ra nhng ro cnnghim trng i vi vic thit lp nhng ngnh lin quan ti Trung Quc, nhng c


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quan chc nng lin quan ca Chnh ph Trung Quc c th tin hnh nhng binphp chng ph gi hoc chng tr cp theo Quy nh chng ph gi v chng tr cpca nc CHND Trung Hoa.

Mt nh sn xut ni a c sn phm tng t hoc ging ht sn phm nhp khuhoc mt t chc c lin quan c th pht n kin bn ph gi ln B Ngoi thng

v Hp tc Kinh t. B ny l mt t chc c thm quyn nhn cc n kin xin iutra v cc v bn ph gi v sau khi tho lun vi U ban Kinh t v Thng miQuc gia s quytnh xem c nn gii quyt v thng bo hai bn v cc quyn lica mnh.

Khi pht hin hnh ng bn ph gi ca cc nh sn xut nc ngoi, gy ra nhngtn tht cho cng nghip trong nc, nhng bin php chng bn ph gi tm thi sauy c p dng:

p t thu chng ph gi thm thi trong vng 4 thng t ngy tuyn b quytnh lin quan n nhng bin php chng ph gi v c th ko di ti 9 thng trong

nhng trng hp c bit. Yu cu c mt qu m bo bng tin mt hoc nhng hnh thc m bo khc.

Nh xut khu nhng sn phm bn ph gi hoc chnh ph nc xut khu c th npn cam kt v gi ln B Ngoi thng v Hp tc Kinh t. Sau khi tho lun vi U

ban Kinh t v Thng mi Quc gia, B Ngoi thng v Hp tc Kinh t c thquyt nh chp nhn nhng cam kt gi ny hay khng. Nu khng th thc thi nhngcam kt ny, qu trnh iu tra bn ph gi s li c tip tc.

7. Quy nh vtiu chun i vi hng ha v dch v

Cc Tiu chun Trung Quc (SAC) l c quan trung ng c trch nhim i vi ttccc hot ng lin quan n vic pht trin v ban hnh cc tiu chun quc gia caTrung Quc. Cc Cng nhn v Chng nhn quc gia Trung Quc (CNCA) thc hinchng nhn bt buc v kim nh, bao gm c h thng Chng nhn bt buc caTrung Quc. CSAC v CNCA l nhng c quan hnh chnh nh nc trc thucTng cc Kim dch, o lng v Qun l cht lng Trung Quc (AQSIQ).

Cc tiu chun ca Trung Quc chia thnh t nht bn nhm chnh: tiu chun qucgia, tiu chun ngnh, tiu chun a phng hoc khu vc v tiu chun doanh nghipca cc cng ty.

Cc tiu chun quc gia c thbt buc (cc quy nh kthut) hoc tnguyn. Trong

bt ktrng hp no, y l nhm tiu chun u tin nht so vi cc loi tiu chunkhc. i vi bt khng ha hay dch vno, chc mt loi tiu chun ca TrungQuc c p dng.


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(Nh Huyn v li v thay phn chting Anh trn biu trn bng ting Vit l: Tiu chun quc gia, Tiu chun ngnh,tiu chun a phng, tiu chun doanh nghip)

7.1 Tiu chun quc gia

Tiu chun quc gia ca Trung Quc thng c gi l tiu chun GB. Hthngtiu chun ny c thng nht trn ton quc gia v c pht trin cho cc quy nhv k thut. Tnm 2006, c tng cng 21.410 tiu chun GB quc gia ca TrungQuc, trong c khong 15% l tiu chun bt buc v 85% l tiu chun tnguyn.

Cc tiu chun GB quc gia ca Trung Quc c xc nh l tiu chun bt buc haytnguyn da trn m vit tt ca chng, nh c lit k di y:

M Ni dung

GB Tiu chun quc gia bt buc

GB/T Tiu chun quc gia tnguyn

GB/Z Cc ti liu hng dn k thut qucgia

Nhiu tiu chun GB quc gia ca Trung Quc l nhng iu khon c thngqua trong tiu chun ISO, IEC hoc cc b tiu chun quc tkhc. (Tnm 2006,gn mt na cc tiu chun quc gia ca Trung Quc l nhng iu khon cthng qua ca cc tiu chun quc t v cc tiu chun ca nhng nc tin tin).Trung Quc cng th hin mc tiu tng mnh s lng cc tiu chun l cc iu

khon trong cc tiu chun quc thoc tiu chun ca cc nc tin tin.7.2 Tiu chun ngnh

Tiu chun ngnh c pht trin v p dng nu khng c Tiu chun GB quc gia,tuy nhin cc quy nh k thut p dng cho tng ngnh c thcn thng nht trnton quc.

Cc tiu chun ngnh c m ha theo tng ngnh. M ca cc tiu chun bt bucc lit k trong bng di y. M ca cc tiu chun tnguyn c km theo ch/T sau m tiu chun bt buc. V d, m tiu chun tnguyn ngnh hng nng snl NY/T.


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M Ni dung M Ni dungBB Bao b MZ Cc vdn sCB Tu NY Nng nghipCH Kho st QB Cng nghip nhCJ Xy dng th QC t

CY Bo ch v truyn thng QJ V trDA Lu tr QX Kh tng hcDB ng t SB Thng miDL Nng lng SC Sn phm ncDZ Khong sn, a cht SH Ngnh ha duEJ Ngnh ht nhn SJ in tFZ Dt may SL Ti nguyn ncGA An ninh cng cng SN Kim nh hng haGY Radio, phim v TV SY Du khHB Hng khng SY (>1000) Du kh (i dng)

HG Ngnh ha cht TB Giao thng ng stHJ Bo vmi trng TD Qun l t aiHS Hi quan TY ThthaoHY i dng WB Hng haJB My mc WH Vn haJC Vt liu xy dng WJ Cc sn phm dn dng t

ngnh v khJG Ngnh xy dng WM Ngoi thngJR Ti chnh WS VsinhJT Thng tin lin lc XB t him

JY Gio dc YB Luyn kim stLB Du lch YC Thuc lLD Lao ng v an ton lao

ngYD Vin thng

LY Lm sn YS Luyn kim khng stMH Hng khng dn dng YY ThucMT Than YZ Bu in

7.3 Tiu chun a phng

Cc tiu chun a phng l cc tiu chun p dng ti cc tnh/ thnh ph. Cc tiuchun ny c pht trin khi khng c cc tiu chun quc gia hoc tiu chun ngnh,tuy nhin cc quy nh van ton v vsinh p dng cho sn phm c thng nhttrong phm vi a phng.

Cc tiu chun a phng c m ha DB+* (bt buc) hoc DB+*/T (tnguyn). M cho cc tiu chun a phng c lit k di y. Du * i din chom tnh/ thnh phnh quy nh trong tiu chun ISO 3166-2:CN v GB 2260/T. Vd, tiu chun a phng bt buc ca tnh TXuyn l DB + 51/T.

M Ni dungDB+* Tiu chun a phng bt bucDB+*/T Tiu chun a phng tnguyn


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7.4 Tiu chun doanh nghip

Tiu chun doanh nghip c thc mt cng ty ca Trung Quc pht trin v/ hocs dng trong trng hp khng c tiu chun quc gia, tiu chun ngnh v tiuchun a phng. Tuy nhin, cc cng ty kinh doanh trn th trng Trung Qucc khuyn khch sdng/ chp nhn cc tiu chun quc gia, tiu chun ngnh hoc

tiu chun a phng nu c.Cng thc m ha tiu chun doanh nghip c lit k di y, du * thhin mdoanh nghip.

M Ni dungQ + * Tiu chun doanh nghip

Quy nh v ch giy php an ton cht lng hng nhp khu:

Hng lin quan n an ton v sinh, bo v mi trng, bo h lao ng.

Danh mc hng nhp khu thc hin ch giy php an ton cht lng do Cc

Kim nghim xut nhp khu Trung Quc xy dng v ban hnh v c cng btrc 2 nm thi hnh.

Hng thuc "Danh mc" nhng cha c cp giy php an ton cht lng thkhng c nhp khu.

Hng ch c cp giy php an ton cht lng khi t cc yu cu sau:

- Hng ph hp php lut, php quy hnh chnh v yu cu tiu chun quy nh caTrung Quc.

- Cc iu kin sn xut v kim nghim hng ha ca doanh nghip phi m bo

hng sn xut ra ph hp vi yu cu ca Trung Quc.8. Thnh lp doanh nghip

Thtc kim tra v ph duyt

Trc khi kinh doanh ti Trung Quc, cc nh u t nc ngoi phi trnh mt hsnht nh. Cc hs v th tc cn thit u t trc tip ty thuc vo hnh thckhc nhau ca ch th kinh doanh. Ni chung, d l lin doanh (JVs) hay Doanhnghip nc ngoi (WOFEs) u phi tun theo mt sthtc c bn.

i vi cc dn thuc danh mc khuyn khch v cho php vi vn u t t100triu USD v cc dn thuc danh mc hn chvi vn u t t50 triu USD, bo

co phi c y ban ci cch v pht trin Quc gia kim tra trc khi trnh BThng mi Trung Quc ph duyt.

i vi cc dn thuc danh mc khuyn khch v cho php vi vn u t t500triu USD trln v dn thuc danh mc hn chvi vn u t t100 triu USD,

bo co phi c chai tchc l y ban Ci cch v Pht trin Quc gia v v BThng mi kim tra trc khi trnh Hi ng Nh nc ph duyt.

i vi d n khng c trong danh mc ni trn, bo co ny phi c tnh/vng,hoc chnh quyn thnh phkim tra v ph duyt.

Thnh lp mt lin doanh (JVs)Bc 1: Chp thun s b- xut Dn


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Khi t c mt tha thun chung, cc i tc Trung Quc schu trch nhim vvic chun bv np xut dn gim st s b.

Thng thng, cc c quan qun l s tr li chnh thc trong vng 20 ngy k tngy nhn c nghv cc vn bn lin quan khc. Cng vn chp thun hay tchi sc gi cho ngi np n.

i tc nc ngoi trong lin doanh nn yu cu cc i tc Trung Quc cung cp bnsao ti liu ny m bo vic ph duyt ph hp vi cc iu khon tha thuntrong dn.

Khi nhn c ph duyt, cc i tc Trung Quc s tin hnh ng k tn doanhnghip vi Cc Thng mi v Cng nghip a phng (AIC).

Cc n xin thnh lp yu cu c thng tin c bn vdn, thng tin vcc quy trnhcng nghv kthut, nhu cu vnng lng v cc ngun lc, nh gi tc ng mitrng c th, gi hng ho cng cng hay dch vlin quan, cc phng tin gp vn,ti chnh, v danh sch cc thit bnhp khu v stin cn thit.

Cc ti liu lin quan trnh bao gm: giy chng nhn ng k doanh nghip cacc nh u t Trung Quc v nc ngoi; giy chng nhn tn dng; th dnh ut; v bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca Cc bo vmi trng.

Bc 2: Ph duyt chnh thc - iu lhp ng

Hp ng, cc iu ltchc v cc vn bn php l khc c lin quan thnh lplin doanh sc chk ca chai bn v c gi bi cc i tc Trung Quc Vn

phng i din ca BThng mi ti tnh/thnh phph duyt. Sau khi hp ng viu lcng ty c ph duyt, cc i tc scng xin Quyt nh ph duyt ca BThng mi.

Php lut Trung Quc xem hp ng lin doanh l ti liu c bn thnh lp lindoanh. Hp ng phi p ng cc iu kin quy nh trong lut lin doanh TrungQuc (i vi vn lin doanh) hoc lut doanh nghip, hp tc x (i vi hp tc lindoanh). Cc vn bn ph duyt dn s bc a vo phlc khi hp ng ctrnh ph duyt chnh thc.

Cc vn bn yu cu bao gm: cc n xin thnh lp lin doanh; bo co nghin cukh thi (nu c) v cc vn bn ph duyt ca d n; n xin ng k tn doanhnghip vi s chp thun ca tnh, thnh phCc Thng mi v Cng nghip a

phng (AIC); vn bn nhn xt d n ca cc c quan nh nc nh bo v mi

trng, cc dch vcha chy, y tv qun l t ai; giy php kinh doanh ca ccbn lin quan v giy chng nhn i din hp php; hp ng v iu ltchc cchk ca ngi i din hp php ca cc bn lin doanh; v danh sch Hi ngqun tr.

Bc 3: Giy php kinh doanh

Lin doanh nn ng k vi Cc Thng mi v Cng nghip a phng (AIC).Trong thi hn 30 ngy ktngy nhn Giy chng nhn ph duyt, AIC scung cpgiy php kinh doanh. Sau , AICa phng scp giy php kinh doanh trong thihn 10 ngy cho cc dn c kim tra. Ngy c cp giy php kinh doanh s

c coi l ngy chnh thc thnh lp ca doanh nghip.


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c c giy php kinh doanh, lin doanh ny phi hon tt cc thtc nh: xincon du chnh thc v m sdoanh nghip, mmt ti khon ngn hng, ng k npthuv tkhai hi quan vi an ninh a phng, gim st kthut, thu, hi quan, tichnh, qun l ngoi hi, ngn hng, bo him, Cc kim nh hng ha.

Thnh lp cc doanh nghip c vn nc ngoi (WOFE)

Bc 1: Chp thun s b- xut DnThtc xin thnh lp mt WOFE rt n gin. Cc xut dn sc cc nh ut nc ngoi chun bv np trc tip cho chnh quyn a phng. Nh u t ncngoi c thchnh mt i l a phng lin lc vi chnh ph. lm vy, chcn k giy y quyn quy nh phm vi dch vca i l, trch nhim lph.

Ni chung, cc c quan sa ra vn bn trli chnh thc trong vng 30 ngy ktngy nhn c nghv cc vn bn lin quan khc. Cc th chp thun hay tchisc gi cho cc nh u t nc ngoi. Nu nhn c schp thun, cc nhu t nc ngoi c th tin hnh ng k tn ca cng ty ti Cc Thng mi v

Cng nghip a phng (AIC).Cc bo co phi bao gm thng tin vcc mc tiu ca WOFE, phm vi kinh doanh,quy m hot ng, sn phm c sn xut, cng nghv thit bc sdng, dintch t cn thit, iu kin vnc, in, kh t, ti nguyn nng lng v cc yucu i vi cc thit bcng cng.

Bc 2: Ph duyt chnh thc - Cc iu lca tchc

Sau khi nh u t nc ngoi nhn c vn bn trli ca cc c quan chnh ph,tt c cc ti liu cn thit phi np cho i din B Thng mi a phng huyn/thnh ph/tnh. Sau khi nhn c s ph duyt chnh thc, cc nh u t

nc ngoi c np li hs cho BThng mi c cp giy chng nhn phduyt.

Cc vn bn yu cu bao gm: cc n xin thnh lp WOFE; bo co nghin cu khthi (nu c); cc iu lca tchc; danh sch cc i din php l (hoc Ban Gimc); giy tphp l ca cc nh u t nc ngoi v bo co tn dng; danh mc ccnguyn liu c nhp khu; vn bn trli ca c quan ph duyt a phng cpqun trln; n xin ng k tn doanh nghip c Cc Thng mi v Cng nghip(AIC) tnh/thnh phph duyt; nhn xt dn ca cc c quan chnh ph nh Cc

bo vmi trng, cu ha, qun l t ai, y t.

Trong trng hp c hai hoc nhiu nh u t nc ngoi c lin quan, bn sao hpng c chk ca hphi c np cho c quan xt duyt hs .

Bc 3: Giy php kinh doanh

Sau khi c giy chng nhn ph duyt, n xin cp giy php kinh doanh phi np choCc Thng mi v Cng nghip (AIC) tnh/thnh phtrong vng 30 ngy. AIC a

phng scp giy php kinh doanh trong thi hn 10 ngy lm vic cho cc dn qua kim tra. Tng tnh vy, ngy cp giy php kinh doanh sc coi l ngychnh thc thnh lp doanh nghip.

c c giy php kinh doanh, WOFE phi hon tt cc thtc nh xin con duchnh thc v m sdoanh nghip, mti khon ngn hng v ng k np thuv t


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khai hi quan vi an ninh a phng, gim st k thut, thu, hi quan , ti chnh,qun l ngoi hi, ngn hng, bo him, Cc kim nh hng ha.

Thnh lp vn phng i din

Vn phng i din ti Trung Quc chc quyn tham gia vo cc hot ng phi linhun.

Theo , cc vn phng i din c cc chc nng sau: tin hnh nghin cu v cungcp sliu, ti liu cho cc i tc v khch hng tim nng; thc hin nghin cu vkho st cho cng ty mti thtrng a phng; thay mt cng ty mlin lc tipxc vi a phng v nc ngoi; hot ng nh mt iu phi vin cho cc hotng ca cng ty m; thu xp thm quan du lch cho cc i din ca cng ty mvcc khch hng tim nng Trung Quc, thc hin cc hot ng thng mi phi linhun khc.

Mi y, Trung Quc cng bmt quy nh vng k qun l vn phng i dinthng tr cho cc cng ty nc ngoi, c hiu lc t ngy 1 thng 3 nm 2011, bao

gm cc quy nh vvic ng k, thnh lp, thay i thng tin, hy bng k vtrch nhim php l ca vn phng i din cng ty nc ngoi.

Theo quy nh, Vn phng i din khng c php kinh doanh ti Trung Quc,nhng c ththc hin kho st thtrng, trng by sn phm hoc dch vv thaymt cho cng ty m.

Mt cng ty nc ngoi cn phi lin h vi Cc Qun l Thng mi v Cngnghip Trung Quc hoc chi nhnh a phng ca mnh ng k mt vn phngi din hoc thay i tn, a chca mt vn phng.

Khi xin mvn phng i din, cc cng ty nc ngoi phi c thi gian hot ng tithiu l hai nm. Bt kvn phng i din no hot ng kinh doanh vi mc chli nhun khng theo ng k hp lc thbpht hnh chnh t50.000 nhn dn t($ 7.507) n 500.000 nhn dn t.

Ngoi ra, cc cng ty nc ngoi phi bnhim mt trng vn phng i din v cthc1 n 3 ngi i din theo nhu cu kinh doanh.

Cc vn phng phi np bo co hng nm cho c quan ng k tngy 1/3 n ngy30/6 hng nm. Cc bo co phi bao gm thng tin vcng ty m, hot ng ca vn

phng i din v bng cn i c kim ton bi cc cng ty kim ton.

Cc quy nh ny cng sp dng cho cc vn phng i din thnh lp trn lc aTrung Quc nh: Hng Kng, Macao v i Loan.

Thtc xin mvn phng i din ti Trung Quc

Bc 1: Chnh i l

n xin chnh i l phi l mt cng ty c dch v thng mi dnh cho doanhnghip nc ngoi hoc Cng ty Dch vNgun nhn lc nc ngoi (FESCO) tiTrung Quc. Cc i l ti Trung Quc phi c php ca B Thng mi TrungQuc thc hin cc thtc xin cp php lm vn phng i din.

Bc 2: Gi n

Thay mt ngi lm n, ngi i din Trung Quc sgi tt ccc ti liu cn thitVn phng i din BThng mi tnh/thnh phthc hin xl cc thtc.


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Khi xin php mvn phng/c quan i din, doanh nghip nc ngoi phi trnhnhng giy tsau:

Bn gc tn c gi n MOFTEC v Hi ng xc tin thng mi quctca Trung Quc (CCPIT). Trong n gi n MOFTEC v CCPIT, ngi lm n

phi nu r phm vi kinh doanh ca cng ty, nhng l do mvn phng/c quan i

din, tn y ca trng i din c cn, vtr mun t vn phng i din,khoch cc hot ng kinh doanh chnh trong khun khca cc hot ng lin lc,t vn v thi gian hot ng ca vn phng i din.

Bn chng nhn ng k ca cng ty chng thc. ng thi i vi nhngcng ty ng ti Hng Kng, yu cu phi cung cp bn chng nhn ng k kinhdoanh c chng thc.

Bn gc ttuyn bthnh lp c quan i din ca ban gim c cng ty lmn.

Hs tm tt vcng ty bao gm cc thng tin vquy m kinh doanh, hot

ng v doanh shng nm. Bn gc giy chng nhn ca ban gim c cng ty, trong nu r vic chnh trng i din Trung Quc.

Bn gc ca bn cn i ti chnh cng ty do ngn hng m trsca cng tyc ti khon ti cp.

Bn gc s yu l lch ca trng i din cng ty, bao gm cc thng tin vtrnh hc vn v kinh nghim lm vic.

Bn sao hchiu nu nh trng i din l ngi nc ngoi. Nu trng i

din l ngi quc tch Trung Quc th yu cu cng ty cung cp bn gc giy chngnhn do cng ty dch v cc x nghip nc ngoi cp v bn sao chng minh ththng tr.

Ba tmu n c in ging ht nhau vvic thnh lp c quan i din cax nghip nc ngoi.

Ba tmu ging nhau ghi danh sch nhn vin ca vn phng i din cng vi6 nh trng i din chp cnh hchiu (2 inch). Nh kinh doanh, sn xut hay il tu bin phi lm n xin php MOFTEC nu mun thnh lp c quan thng tr;c quan ngn hng hoc bo him th phi xin php Ngn hng Nhn dn Trung Hoa;

c quan iu hnh vn ti bin hoc i l phi xin php BGiao thng; c quan vnti hng khng phi xin php Ban qun l chng ca CAAC; cc c quan khc th tutheo loi hnh kinh doanh m xin php cc uban, bhay cc ph hp.

Bc 3: Giy chng nhn kinh doanh

Sau khi c schp thun giy php ca BThng mi, nh u t nc ngoi nntip tc nhanh chng ng k vi Cc Thng mi v Cng nghip tnh/thnh phc c giy chng nhn kinh doanh.

Nhng nh u t hoc doanh nghip nc ngoi khng c khoch mvn phngi din ngay Trung Quc nhng mun mth c thlin lc vi thnh phhoc cc

c quan chi nhnh tnh ca CCPIT bit c nhng thtc cn thit mvn phngi din ti a phng.

Bc 4: Sau cc thtc ng k


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Cc thtc do cc vn phng i din xl:

Hon thnh thtc xin c tr lm thtc vi Cc an ninh a phng bng cch trnhGiy chng nhn ng k, chng nhn i din v giy chng nhn ph duyt.n xin m ti khon ti ngn hng: Trnh giy chng nhn ng k v giy chngnhn ph duyt ca Cc Qun l ngoi hi a phng.

n xin Hi quan cho php nhp khu thit bvn phng, nhu cu thit yu hng ngyv cc phng tin vn chuyn phc vcho vn phng i din v nhn vin.

Hon tt thtc ng k np thuti c quan thua phng.

Chnh cng ty dch vthng mi nc ngoi hoc "FESCO" tuyn dng nhnvin a phng.

9. Vn ha kinh doanh

Gilm vic

Trung Quc p dng thi gian lm vic nm ngy trong mt tun, tthhai n th

su. Gilm vic quy nh bnh thng l 8:00-18:00, vi hai ginghtra t12:00-14:00. Tuy nhin, thi gian lm vic c thsm hay mun hn mt svng, thnh

phv cc lnh vc khc nhau.

Thi gian lm vic ca cc c quan nh nc, cc tchc v cc trng hc thngbt u lc 8:00 hoc 8:30 v kt thc vo lc 17:00 hoc 17:30, tthHai n thSu. Thby, Chnht l ngy ngh. Bui tra nghhai ting.

Thi gian lm vic ca cc cng ty bt u lc 8:30 v ng ca mc 18:00, vi mthoc hai ginghtra. Mc d thng mca tthHai n thSu, cc cng ty vnc mt nhn vin trc ngy cui tun.

Cc ngn hng v bu in mca hng ngy t9:00 n 17:00. Ngy cui tun vngy l, gilm vic rt ngn mt hoc hai ting. Ngn hng v cc my ATM hotng 24h/24h.

Khch sn v bnh vin hot ng 24/24h.

Cc phng khm cng ng cng c mca hng ngy t8:30 n 22:00.

Cng ty du lch hot ng t9:00 n 17:30, mt smcbui ti trong thi gianma h.

Bo tng thng ng ca mt ngy trong tun (ch yu l thhai) v ko di thi

gian mca mt hoc hai givi ngy lv cc knghma h, ma ng.Cc nh hng v qun bar bt u hot ng tkhong 10:00 n m v thng kodi gimca vo ngy cui tun v ngy l. Mt squn bar mca qu gihocthm ch cm.

Ca hng bch ha, siu thmca hng ngy t9:00-22:00, bao gm cngy cuitun v ngy l. Ca hng nhv ca hng tp ha msm hn v kt thc mun hnthi gian .

Tuy nhin, trong nm mi (vo thng Ging hay thng Hai), cc ca hng thngng ca sm vo bui chiu vo trc m giao tha.

7/23/2019 Mot So Dieu Can Biet Khi K

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