Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
FINAL REPORT
National Agricultural Innovation Project(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)
Ensuring livelihood security through watershed based farming system modules in disadvantaged districts of Mirzapur and Sonbhadra
in Vindhyan region
Title
of S
ub-p
roje
ct: E
nsur
ing
livel
ihoo
d se
curi
ty th
roug
h w
ater
shed
bas
ed fa
rmin
g sy
stem
mod
ules
in d
isad
vant
aged
dis
tric
t of
Mir
zapu
r an
d So
nbha
dra
in V
indh
yan
regi
on
Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University
1
Varanasi-221005
2014
Inside Cover Page
Printed on : Thursday, May 08, 2014
Component : IIIrd
Citation : www.naipnhu.org.in
Copyright : Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
Disclaimer :
Published by : Dr J S Bohra, Prof. cum Senior Agronomist , Department of
Agronomy institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu
University, Varanasi -221005A, 0542-6702428, 0542-,
Edited by : Prof. S. R. Singh
Compiled by : Prof . J .S. Bohra
Hindi translation : Mr. Shobhit Singh , Mr.Pankaj Kumar Mishra and Mr.Anupam Singh
Other Credits : Mr Vishvesh Mishra and Mr Chhedi Lal contributed in composing &
p printing.
Cover page
photographs
: A check dam constructed in village Sarainya, Pahari block of Mirzapur under Cluster II of the sub project.
A farm household with fresh harvest of maize composite ‘Pragati’ in village Pati, Myorepur block of Sonbhadra under Cluster I. This single composite has transformed the food scenario in tribal dominated area.
2
Sub-project code: NAIP (SRLS-C)
III(2)/6/2008
Component- IIIrd
2014
Printed at : Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005
CONTENTS
Page No.Foreword 3Preface 4Executive Summary/ Key words 6
10Part-I: General Information sub-project 13Part-II: Technical Details
1. Introduction 152. Overall Sub-project Objectives 153. Sub-project Technical Profile 164. Baseline Analysis 185. Research Achievements 196. Innovations 517. Process/Product/Technology Developed 528. Patents (Filed/Granted) 529. Linkages and Collaborations 5310. Status on Environmental and Social Safeguard Aspects 5311. Constraints, if any and Remedial Measures Taken 5412. Publications 5413. Media Products Developed/Disseminated 5614. Meetings/Seminars/Trainings/Kisan Mela, etc. organized 5715. Participation in Conference/ Meetings/Trainings/ Radio
talks, etc. 61
16. Foreign Trainings/Visits 6217. Performance Indicators 6218. Employment Generation 6319. Assets Generated 6320. Awards and Recognitions 6621. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIP Sustainability 6722. Possible Future Line of Work 6723. Success stories 6724. Personnel 7125. Governance, Management, Implementation and
Coordination71
Part-III: Budget and its Utilization 75
Part-IV: Declaration 77
3
Foreword
It gives me immense pleasure to see the final report of NAIP sub-project under component 3 entitled “Ensuring livelihood security through watershed based farming system modules in disadvantaged districts of Mirzapur and Sonbhadra in Vindhyan region”. The project was carried out during May 2008 to March 2014 under consortium mode with Banaras Hindu University as the lead centre. The three consortium partners in the sub project were reputed ICAR organization like Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi and two renowned nongovernmental organizations viz. Banawasi Seva Ashram, Myorepur, Sonbhadra and Surabhi Shodh Sansthan, Dagamagpur, Mirzapur. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, R.G.S.C., Mirzapur and Bharatiya Lok Vikas Evam Shodh Sansthan (NGO), Mirzapur also played vital role in project implementation.
Working in difficult area, particularly that in remote locale of Sonbhadra was a big challenge but it was made possible through the untiring efforts of the consortium partners and the project staff. Functioning of the sub-project in consortium mode was a huge success and the strengths of individual partners helped in achieving the project objectives as per the scheduled plan. Through the construction of check dams and water harvesting bunds along with the improvement in water lifting and conveyance system, a large area has been brought under irrigation. The use of improved varieties of field crops, fodder and vegetables has become common in the area and the approach of farmers has changed towards input use and management practices that are helping them in realizing better factor productivity. Besides balanced nutrition, integrated nutrient management and intercropping, technologies like direct seeded rice with chemical weed control and bower system of cucurbit cultivation during rainy season are gaining much popularity in the area. The interventions on TL seed production, breed improvement of local nondescript breed of goats and cattle as well as introduction of Nirbheek breed of backyard poultry have been successful. Marked improvement in cropping intensity, manpower engagement and household income have been noticed across the clusters.
The sustainable fund generated in the sub-project particularly in cluster III is worth appreciating that will help in scaling up the project activities even beyond the project period. The consortium advisory committee headed by Dr H.P. Singh, former Director, CRIDA, Hyderabad contributed a lot in solving critical issues and guiding all throughout the project period for successful implementation of project activities.
`I appreciate the determined efforts of CPI, CCPIs, resource persons and the project staff in successful completion of the sub project and coming out with viable results and improving the quality of life of the beneficiaries. The farming system modules developed for different land holding and water availability conditions of Mirzapur and Sonbhadra can be applied in larger areas of Vindhyan region for ensuring the livelihood security of the farm households of disadvantaged area.
At the end, I want to place on record our sincere appreciation to National Agricultural Innovation Project of ICAR for sanctioning the sub project and giving chance to Banaras Hindu University to lead the mission. The continuous support, suggestions and guidance rendered by Dr A.P. Srivastava, National coordinator, NAIP, Component 3 and Dr Rama Rao, National Director, NAIP is deeply acknowledged.
4
Consortium Leader
Director, Institute of Agricultutral Sciences B.H.U., Varanasi
Preface
A sub project entitled “Ensuring livelihood security through watershed based farming system modules in disadvantaged districts of Mirzapur and Sonbhadra in Vindhyan region” under component 3 of NAIP was carried out during May 2008 to March 2014. Banaras Hindu University led the project with three consortium partners viz. Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi. Surabhi Shodh Snsthan, Mirzapur and Banawasi Seva Ashram, Sonbhadra. Covering 43 villages in three clusters of the project, 4256 farm households were selected as beneficiaries.
The baseline survey at the beginning of the project showed poor crop, cattle and poultry productivity. The average cropping intensity was 151.7% and the household income was Rs 41,268/year/household. The causes for the low cropping intensity and household income were identified as scarcity of irrigation water, low yielding crop varieties and inefficient production technology. Owing to local nondescript breeds of animal and poultry as well as poor feeding and healthcare, their productivity was low. To address these issues, various interventions were implemented. The major interventions were construction of water harvesting structures, improvement in water lifting and conveyance system, introduction of improved crop, fodder and vegetable varieties, demonstration of efficient production technology of field and vegetable crops, direct seeded rice with chemical weed control, TL seed production besides healthcare and breed improvement of cattle, goats and backyard poultry.
All the three clusters under the project were intricate, particularly the cluster I in Sonbhadra having no access through proper roads. Nevertheless, the project staff comprising RAs and SRFs worked very hard in execution of the programme. The project was very successful mainly through consortium approach and almost all the set objectives were achieved through the constant support of consortium partners all throughout the project period. As targeted, 369.6 ha area was brought under irrigation, the cropping intensity was improved by 36.6% and that of the household income by Rs 17,096/year/household.
The expected long-lasting service of water harvesting structures and water conveyance system; capacity building of the large number of farmers, rural youth and farm women through various trainings, inter-cluster interactions, exposure visits to farmers’ fair and institutions like B.H.U. and I.I.V.R.; narrowing of project support to farmers along with the sustainable fund of Rs 52, 41,637 raised through contribution from the farmers would lead to the sustainable livelihood security. The farming system modules developed for different land holding and water availability conditions of Mirzapur and Sonbhadra can be applied in larger areas of Vindhyan region for ensuring the livelihood security of the farm households of disadvantaged area.
Successful completion of the project like this requires suggestion, help and support of many. I express my gratitude to Prof. R.M. Singh, Prof. Saket Kushwaha, Prof. Sravan Kumar Singh, Prof.
5
V.K. Chandola, Prof. A. K. Nema, Prof. Ram Mandir Singh, Prof. Sant Prasad Singh, Dr. S.N. Singh and all the resource persons who took part in project activities and extended support in various ways. I am thankful to the members of various committees viz. CIC, CMU and CAC for their consistent support especially to CAC Chairman Dr. Dr H.P. Singh, Former Director CRIDA, Hyderabad who has been the source of inspiration all throughout the project period.
At the time of the project submission and during first three years of the project, Prof. S.R. Singh was the Consortium Leader and under his able guidance and leadership, the project got excellent launch and it gained momentum when Prof Ram Pratap Singh was the Consortium Leader during April 2011 to July 2012. Later on, during the extended period, the project could be completed in a nice manner under the direction of Prof Ravi Pratap Singh as Consortium Leader. I am short of words to thank all the three as it wouldn’t have been possible to complete the mission without their proficient leadership and support.
Handling the project like this requires extra time for a teacher than routine teaching, research and other departmental works; I articulate my sincere thanks to Prof. Kalyan Singh, Prof. O.N. Singh and Prof. Rajendra Prasad Singh for their cooperation as Head, Department of Agronomy during the project period. Prof. Subedar Singh, Dean Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, B.H.U. deserves appreciation for his interest in the project and support.
I am extremely thankful to all the CCPIs, staff members of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, RGSC, Mirzapur as well as Dr B. Singh, Dr A.B. Rai, Dr Shubhdeep Roy and Dr Saujay Saha of IIVR for their help and cooperation. The untiring efforts of Ms Shubha Prem of BSA (Sonbhadra), Mr. Jatashankar of SSS (Mirzapur), Mr A.S. Tiwari of BLVESS (Mirzapur) as well as RAs and SRFs in the project especially Dr Amit Upadhyay, Mr Shobhit Singh, Mr. Pankaj Kumar Mishra, Dr Ajay Tripathi, Mr Anupam Singh, Dr Danish Yashin Naqvi , Dr D.N. Tripathi, Mr. Lakhpati Singh and Mr Ram Singh is duly acknowledged. I would be failing in my duty, if I don’t express my thanks to Mr Mohan Ram, Sr. Asstt., Department of Agronomy as well as the Office Assistants in the project viz. Mr Shashi Bhushan Dubey, Mr Ravi Kant Singh and Mr Chhedi Lal for efficiently handling the office work as well as typing the manuscript.
I am awfully grateful to ICAR for choosing the consortium led by B.H.U. to be the part of component 3 of NAIP. Dr A.P. Srivastava, National Coordinator, NAIP component 3 deserves utmost appreciation for his valuable guidance and being extremely helpful during the entire project period. At the end, I express my deep sense of gratitude to Dr Rama Rao, National Director, NAIP for his dynamic leadership and giving us the chance to organize Annual Review Workshop of NAIP Component 3 during 15-16 March, 2013 at Banaras Hindu University.
J.S. BohraCPI & Professor
Institute of Agricultural SciencesBanaras Hindu University
Varanasi - 221005
6
Executive SummaryMirzapur and Sonbhadra districts in Vindhyan region are among 150 disadvantaged districts of
the country identified by Planning Commission, Govt. of India. These two districts are on the extreme South East corner of Uttar Pradesh. Large area is rainfed with undulating topography. Sizeable population of these two districts, more particularly the Sonbhadra comprise of tribal people living mostly below the poverty line. The major area is rainfed, with little assured irrigation. Annual rainfall in the area is slightly above 1100 mm but about 87% of the precipitation is received only during monsoon season (June to October). A large number of rivulets flow in the area; however, most of the rain water remains untapped as surface run off is very high, soil moisture retention capacity is low and proper soil and water conservation practices are not followed. Therefore, conservation of rain water for use in agriculture is very important in this area.
The tribal population mainly survive on field crops viz. maize, barley, minor millets, black gram, green gram; forest based products such as Kathha (Acacia catechu), Chiraunji (Buchania lanzan), Mahua (Madhuca longifolia), fuel wood; Tendu (Diospyrus melanoxylon), Palash (Butea monsperma) and Sal (Shorea robusta) leaves as well as low yielding livestock and poultry. Livelihood is also earned working as labour in nearby towns. The indigenous breeds of livestock particularly cow and goats are reared mostly on grazing and so have very poor productivity. Post harvest losses of crops and vegetables as well as forest products are immense due to lack of basic infrastructure for processing and value addition.
With a view of improving the living condition of the farm households with enough quality food and livelihood security, a sub project entitled “Ensuring livelihood security through watershed based farming system modules in disadvantaged districts of Mirzapur and Sonbhadra in Vindhyan region” was carried out under Component 3 of National Agricultural Innovation project of I.C.A.R. during 2008 – 2014. Under consortium mode, Banaras Hindu University led the project along with three partners comprising Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi and two NGOs viz. Surabhi Shodh Sansthan, Mirzapur and Banwasi Seva Ashram, Sonbhadra.
Three clusters of villages from two target districts i.e. Mirzapur and Sonbhadra were selected in three development blocks for project interventions pertaining to the set objectives of the sub project. Cluster I with 8 villages belonged to Myorepur block of Sonbhadra. Whereas, cluster II and III comprising 12 and13 villages were selected in Pahari and Madihan blocks of Mirzapur, respectively. Therefore, in all, there were 33 villages under the sub project. In each village, 100 farm households were selected as beneficiary farmers. However, in cluster I, villages being small, in some of the villages, the entire village was selected. Consequently, programme was initiated
7
with 3300 farm households. With the extension of sub project in April 2012, additional 3 villages each in cluster II and III and 4 villages in cluster I with 800 farm households were included. Thus, during extended period, the number of beneficiaries reached to 4256. Baseline survey conducted at the beginning of the project, revealed that cluster I was dominated by tribal people with SC/ST population of 87.3% whereas cluster II had 39.9% and that of the cluster III 44.8% SC/ST. In all the clusters, the male population was higher than female. The average land holdings were small and majority of farmers in all the clusters were marginal and small. Living conditions of the farm households in all the clusters was not good and it was particularly horrible in cluster I. The literacy rate in the area is low. Availability of irrigation water in the area is major constraint; cluster I had only 12.4% area under irrigation, whereas, Cluster II and III recorded 36.6% and 28% irrigated area, respectively. This led to low cropping intensity (151.7 %) as well as poor crop and animal productivity. The household income was low (Rs 41,268) with large inter-cluster variations.
Based on the baseline survey results, the project interventions were identified. The major interventions were construction of check dams and water harvesting bunds, improvement in water conveyance system, introduction of improved varieties of field crops, vegetables and fodder crops, improved production technology for field crops and vegetables, direct seeding of rice with chemical weed control, commercial vegetable cultivation, bower system of cucurbits cultivation during rainy season, artificial insemination in cattle and breed improvement of local goats through Barberi bucks, introduction of Nirbheek breed of backyard poultry, and capacity building of rural youth and farm women.
In different clusters, 8 check dams and 28 water harvesting bunds were constructed besides distribution of 25284 m HDPE water delivery pipes, 44 diesel engines and pressurized system of irrigation for 29.1 ha was distributed among the beneficiary farmers. Through water harvesting structures and water conveyance system 1662 farmers benefited. In three clusters, 161 farmers’ groups were formed for undisputed and efficient use of water delivery pipes, pumps and available water. Fifty nine improved varieties of field crops and 30 that of vegetables were provided to the farmers with emphasis on open pollinated and short duration varieties. In addition to this, fertilizers and pesticides were also made available to the farmers. However, no input was given free of cost to the farmers and the fund so collected was deposited in Nationalized bank of respective clusters. While extending help towards input, tapering approach was followed.
Through the construction of check dams and water harvesting bunds additional 140.7 ha area
was brought under irrigation. Improvement in water lifting and conveyance system helped in bringing 228.9 ha area under irrigation. Therefore, the overall improvement in irrigated area over baseline value was 369.6 ha which is equivalent to 27.8%. With a view to convince the farmers about improved varieties and production technology 891 field demonstrations on field crops and 569 on vegetables were conducted. Increased availability of irrigation water, improved crop varieties, better input use and efficient production technology led to enhanced productivity of major crops. As
8
compared to baseline values, the crop yield near WHBs increased from 56% (green gram) to 95% (barley), whereas, the yield improvements due to check dams were 85% (mustard) to 109% (wheat). Therefore, the impact was better near the check dams than WHBs. Moreover, cropping intensity near the WHBs enhanced by 32.8% while near CDs, it increased by 42.1%. The improvement in cropping intensity was also due to the use of short duration improved crop varieties by the farmers. The labour engagement in crop production was enhanced by 17.5% and 26.3% with improved water availability due to WHBs and CDs, respectively. Similarly, the crop based household income of the farmers in the surroundings of WHBs and CDs increased by Rs 7,292 and Rs 15,148 /yaer/HH, respectively.
Keeping in view the deteriorating soil health, the farmers were motivated for diversified
cropping, legume based crop rotations, use of organic manure, balanced fertilization and plantation of fast growing multi-purpose trees on farm bunds and around manure pits. Except the plantation of multi-purpose trees, other efforts were successful. Nutrient index values worked out for major nutrients indicated that as compared to baseline values, there was slight improvement in the status of nitrogen and phosphorus in all the clusters but the potassium remained unchanged. This shows that soil potassium reserve has depleted a lot in the area and so, its careful management is required.
Direct seeding of rice with chemical weed control by spraying Bispyribac Sodium 10% SC @ 200 ml/ha at 18 -20 days of sowing under dryland condition was found very effective particularly in cluster II (Madihan, Mirzapur). In a short span of three years, this technology has covered 138 ha area. The cost of cultivation is low mainly due to due labour savings on nursery raising, puddling, transplanting and weeding. It recorded 18.1% higher net return than transplanted rice. The total number of beneficiaries going for DSR is 328. This NAIP technology is now even being adopted by non beneficiary farmers in the project area as well in neighboring districts of Ghazipur and Jaunpur involving 37 households with 23.7 ha area. Truthful level (TL) seed production was taken up in cluster II and III involving 126 and 52 farmers of field crops and vegetbles. During four years period 1448 q seed of field crops and 103 q that of vegetables was produced. In general, the farmers producing TL seeds received 20 to 25 per cent higher price for their produce. TL seed producers have been linked with whole sale seed dealer.
The area under commercial vegetable growing was increased from 57.3 to 87.8 ha in cluster II
and III. In all, 378 vegetable growers adopted improved varieties and technology, and the productivity enhancement for different vegetables was recorded from 16.7% (sponge gourd) to 42% (vegetable pea). Similarly, the household income increase by Rs 20,090/- recording an improvement of 50.7% over conventional varieties and cultivation practices. Bower system of cucurbit cultivation during rainy season introduced in the area, adopted by 31 farmers covering 11.2 ha area. This system enhanced the average yield of bottle gourd and bitter gourd by 62.6 and 65.7 percent, respectively and that of the house hold income by Rs 9,250 /year/household. To ensure the nutritional security, during the project period, 16438 packets of kitchen garden containing seeds of seasonal vegetables were distributed and the farmers shown good interest and attracted towards kitchen gardening. The availability of fresh vegetables for household consumption has considerably improved in the area.
9
Twenty five Barberi bucks obtained from Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG), Mathura were distributed for breed improvement of local nondescript goats in three clusters. During the project period, 172 kids of improved cross breed were produced. Improved cross bred goats in all the clusters recorded over 140% enhancement of milk productivity with overall average of 163%. as compared to respective baseline value Through the improvement in both milk and meat productivity of ‘Barberi cross bred’ improved herd, the household income increased by Rs 3476/year/HH. With the view to promote the backyard poultry, 8 week old 1300 birds of ‘Nirbheek’ were distributed among 130 marginal and landless farmers @ 10 birds/household. The improved breed adapted well under Vindhyan environment and recorded 133% higher eggs and 35.4% higher body weight than local birds and the household income through Nirbheek was improved by Rs 2142/year/HH.
Across the clusters, 970 households were selected for the support of mineral mixture, dewormer and other health care to their cattle. This accompanied with improved feeding consisting of green fodder improved the milk productivity of cow by 34% and that of buffalo by 40.2%. The annual household income through these efforts was enhanced from Rs 8305/- to Rs 11253/- per year recording an increase of Rs 2948/year. Improving the productivity of local nondescript cattle, artificial insemination of 779 cows in three clusters and 110 buffalos in cluster II and III was carried out. The success percentage of A.I. in cows was 30.1, whereas in buffalo, it was 31.8%. The available data of cross bred cows in cluster II indicated that the average per day milk yield of improved cows was 94.2% higher than mother cows. Vaccination of cattle and goats against common the fatal diseases viz ‘foot and mouth’ and HS (Hemorrhagic Septicaemia) was done in all the clusters involving entire villages during 2009-10 and 2010-11. The mortality rate of cattle and goats declined considerably in all the clusters but the impact was more pronounced in cluster I. In tribal dominated cluster I, 22 household took up rearing of silk worms on castor leaves as an alternative to Arjun. The cocoon produced on castor leaves obtained from the farm bunds of 4.0 ha was 293 kg in 2013-14. The selling price of cocoon is not stable, but average of five years recorded household income of Rs 2199/year/HH.
A sustainable fund of Rs 52, 41,637 generated in the project through the contribution from the farmers will help in scaling up of the project activities after termination of the project. The two NGOs and KVK at Mirzapur and Sonbhadra will continue to act as resource centres for continued capacity building, updating technological advancement and will also facilitate procurement of quality inputs for interested farmers.
During the entire project period, 53 trainings were organized on various aspects by lead centre as well as the partners. The total number of participants in these trainings was 4282. In addition to this for capacity building of farmers, rural youth and farm women inter cluster visit, field days, exposure visit to lead centre (Agricultural research farm, B.H.U.) and Indian Institute of Vegetable Research were arranged almost every year during the project. Their participation in Farmers’ fair at B.H.U. and IIVR was also ensured. The farming system modules for different water availability and land holding conditions of Mirzapur and Sonbhadra were developed. As against the baseline value of
10
201, manpower engagement increased to 268 man days. Similarly, the household income increased from Rs 41268 to Rs 58364 per year. Livelihood modules for different land holding and water availability conditions of Vindhyan region have been developed. NAIP technology is being adopted by all the beneficiaries (4253) and besides this 583 additional households have accepted the technology covering 484 ha area.
11
Lkkjka’kfoa/; {ks= esa fetkZiqj vkSj lksuHknz ftys ;kstuk vk;ksx Hkkjr
ljdkj }kjk fpfUgr ns’k ds 150 oafpr ftyksa esa ls gSA ;gka ds vf/kdrj {ks= vleryh; LFkykd`r ,oa o"kkZ vk/kkfjr gSA bu nks ftyksa] eq[; :i ls lksuHknz dh cM+h tula[;k ftlesa vf/kdrj vkfnoklh gS] xjhch js[kk ds uhps thou ;kiu dj jgs gSaA ;gka d`f"k eq[;r% o"kkZ vk/kkfjr ,oa vYiflafpr gaSA bl {ks= dh okf"kZd o"kkZ nj 1100 feeh0 ls FkksM+h vf/kd gSA ;gka dh vkfnoklh tuthou eq[;r% Qlyksa tSls& eDdk] tkSa] y?kq /kkU;] mnZ] ewax] ou vk/kkfjr mRikn tSls dRFkk] fpjkSath] egqvk] bZa/ku] rsanqiRrk vkSj lkWy ds lkFk gh de mRikndrk okys i'kq ,oa dqDdqV ij fuHkZj gSaA ;gka ds dqN yksx utnhdh 'kgjksa esa etnwjh djds Hkh viuk thfodksiktZu djrs gSaA
d`"kd ifjokjksssa ds thou Lrj lq/kkj ds lkFk gh i;kZIr xq.koRrk okys Hkkstu rFkk vkthfodk lqj{kk dh n`f"V ls ,d mi&ifj;kstuk ftldk 'kh"kZd **foa/; {ks= ds oafpr ftyksa fetkZiqj vkSj lksuHknz esa ty lap;u vk/kkfjr d`f"k iz.kkyh bdkbZ ds ek/;e ls vkthfodk lqj{kk lqfuf’pr djuk** dks Hkkjrh; d`f"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn ds jk"Vªh; d`f"k uoksUes"kh ifj;kstuk] ?kVd 3 ds vUrxZr 2008 ls 2014 rd lapkfyr fd;k x;kA ,d laxBu ds :i esa dk’kh fgUnw fo’ofo|ky; us rhu lg;ksxh laLFkkvksa] Hkkjrh; lCth vuqla/kku laLFkku okjk.klh RkFkk nks xSj ljdkjh laxBu] lqjfHk 'kks/k laLFkku fetkZiqj ,oa cuoklh lsok vkJe lksuHknz ds lkFk ifj;kstuk dk usr`Ro fd;kA ifj;kstuk lapkyu esa d`f"k foKku dsUnz] jktho xka/kh nf{k.k ifjlj] fetkZiqj rFkk Hkkjrh; yksd fodkl ,oa 'kks/k laLFkku] fetkZiqj dk ;ksxnku ljkguh; jgkA mi ifj;kstuk ds fu/kkZfjr y{;ksa dks iwjk djus gsrq ifj;kstuk ds fo’ks"k dk;ksZa ds lapkyu ds fy, nks p;fur ftys fetkZiqj ds igkM+h vkSj efM+gku fodkl[kaMksa esa dze’k% 12 rFkk 13 xkao p;fur fd;s x;s rFkk lksuHknz ds E;ksjiqj fodkl [k.M ls vkB xkao dk p;u fd;k x;kA izR;sd xkao esa ykHkkfUor fdlkuksa ds :Ik esa 100 d`"kd ifjokj p;fur fd;s x;sA bl rjg ls 3300 d`"kd ifjokjksa ds lkFk ifj;kstuk izkjEHk dh x;hA ifj;kstuk dh c<+h gqbZ vof/k] vizSy 2012 ls ekpZ 2014 esa DyLVj nks o rhu esa rhu rFkk DyLVj ,d es pkj vfrfjDr xkao ls 800 d`"kd ifjokj tksM+s x;sA bl izdkj ifj;kstuk ds c<+h gqbZ vof/k esa dqy ykHkkfUor ifjokjks dh la[;k 4256 igqap xbZA
ifj;kstuk ds izkjEHk esa vk/kkjHkwr losZ{k.k djk;k x;k ftlesa ik;k x;k fd DyLVj I] 87-3 vuqlwfpr tkfr o tutkfr ds lkFk vkfnoklh ckgqY; tula[;k okyk
12
{ks= gSA tcfd DyLVj II esa 39-9 rFkk DyLVj III esa 48-8 tula[;k vuqlwfpr tkfr o tutkfr dh FkhA lHkh DyLVjksa esa efgyk dh vis{kk iq:"kksa dh la[;k vf/kd ik;h x;hA ifj;kstuk ds izkjEHk esa vk/kkjHkwr losZ{k.k djk;k x;k ftlesa ik;k x;k fd DyLVj I] 87-3 vuqlwfpr tkfr o tutkfr ds lkFk vkfnoklh ckgqY; tula[;k okyk {ks= gSA tcfd DyLVj II esa 39-9 rFkk DyLVj III esa 48-8 tula[;k vuqlwfpr tkfr o tutkfr dh FkhA lHkh DyLVjksa esa efgyk dh vis{kk iq:"kksa dh la[;k vf/kd ik;h x;hA vk/kkjHkwr losZ{k.k ds ifj.kkeksa ds vuqlkj ifj;kstuk ds fo’ks"k dk;ksZa dks fpfUgr fd;k x;kA
fofHkUu DyLVjksa esa 8 iDdh caf/k;ksa rFkk 28 ty lap;h caf/k;ksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k] blds vfrfjDr 25284 ehVj HDPE flapkbZ ikbisa] 44 Mhty batu iEi rFkk 29-1 gs0 ds fy, nkc;qDr flapkbZ iz.kkyh dks ykHkkfUor fdlkuksa esa forfjr fd;k x;kA ty lap;h lajpukvksa rFkk flapkbZ ty okgu iz.kkfy;ksa ds ek/;e ls 1662 fdlku ifjokj ykHkkfUor gq,A [kk|kUu Qlyksa dh 59 mUur iztkfr;ka rFkk lfCt;ksa dh 30 iztkfr;ka fdlkuksa dks miyC/k djkbZ xbZ ftlesa vf/kd /;ku eqDr ijkfxr rFkk de vof/k okyh iztkfr;ksa ij Fkk ftlls fdlku vius gh chtksa dks vxys 4 ls 5 o"kksZa rd mi;ksx dj ldasA
iDds cka/kks rFkk ty lap;h es<+ksa ds fuekZ.k ls 140-7 gs0 vfrfjDr {ks=Qy flapkbZ ds vUrxZr yk;k x;kA flapkbZ ty okgu iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj ls 228-9 gs0 {ks=Qy dks flafpr djus esa lgk;rk feyhA bl izdkj vk/kkjHkwr nj dh rqyuk esa flafpr {ks=Qy esa dqy lq/kkj 369-6 gs0 ¼40-4½ gqvkA blh izdkj ty lap;h caf/k;ksa rFkk iDds cka/kksa ds ikl ds {ks=ksa esa fdlkuksa dh Qly vk/kkfjr ?kjsyw vk; esa dze’k% 7292 rFkk 15148 :i;s@o"kZ@d`0i0 dh o`f) gqbZA
izeq[k iks"kd rRoksa ds fy, ds fy, ^rRo lwpdkad nj* dks fudkyk x;kA ftlesa ik;k x;k fd vk/kkjHkwr nj dh rqyuk esa lHkh DyLVjksa esa u=tu rFkk QkLQksjl ds Lrj esa gYdk lq/kkj gqvkA fdUrq iksVSf’k;e vifjofrZr jgkA ;g iznf’kZr djrk gS fd {ks= dh e`nk iksVSf’k;e dk Hk.Mkj cM+h ek=k esa gzkl gqvk gS] vr% bldk /;kuiwoZd izca/ku vko’;d gSA
'kq"d d`f"k ds vUrxZr /kku dh lh/kh cqokbZ djds jklk;fud [kjirokj fu;a=.k ds fy, cqokbZ ds 18 ls 20 fnuksa ds i'pkr~ fclikbjhcSd lksfM;e 10 ,l0lh0 200 feyh0@gs0 ds nj ls fNM+dko djus ls /kku dh vPNh mit izkIr dh x;hA rhu o"kksZa ds NksVs vUrjky esas gh bl rduhd us 138 gs0 {ks=Qy vkPNkfnr dj fy;kA bl rduhd }kjk [ksrh dh ykxr esa deh dk eq[; dkj.k ulZjh esa ikS/k rS;kj djus] yso yxkus] jksikbZ rFkk fujkbZ ij yxus okys Jfedksa dh la[;k esa cpr gSA jksfir /kku dh rqyuk esa bl fof/k }kjk 18-1 vf/kd 'kq) vk;
13
ntZ dh x;hA dqy 328 ykHkkFkhZ fdlku /kku dh lh/kh cqokbZ dj jgs gSaA ;g ,u-,-vkbZ-ih rduhdh vc ifj;kstuk {ks= esa p;fur fdlkuksa ds vfrfjDr lkFk ds iM+kslh tuin xkthiqj rFkk tkSuiqj esa 23-7 gs0 {ks= esa 37 d`"kd ifjokjksa }kjk viukbZ tk jgh gSA DyLVj 2 ,oa 3 esa [kk|kUu rFkk lCth Qlyksa ds dze’k% 126 rFkk 52 fdlkuksa }kjk 1448 daq0 [kk|kUu rFkk 103 dqa0 lCth ds lR;kfir chtksa dk mRiknu fd;k x;kA lR;kfir cht mRiknd fdlkuksa dks Fkksd cht foØsrk ls tksM+k x;kA
DyLVj 2 vkSj 3 esa ‘O;kikfjd lCth mRiknu* ds vUrxZr {ks=Qy 57-3 ls c<+dj 87-8 gs0 gks x;kA dqy 378 lCth mRikndksa us mUur iztkfr;ksa rFkk rduhfd;ksa dks viuk;k ftlesa fofHkUu lfCt;ksa dh mRikndrk esa 16-7 ¼rksjbZ½ ls 42 ¼lCth eVj½ dh o`f) ntZ dh x;hA blh izdkj] ijEijkxr iztkfr;ksa rFkk [ksrh ds rjhdksa ds }kjk izkIr ?kjsyw vk; dh rqyuk esa 50-7 dh o`f) ds lkFk 20090 :Ik;ksa dh vfrfjDr vk; gqbZA o"kkZ ds ekSle esa dn~nwoxhZ; lfCt;ksa dh [ksrh *ckoj iz.kkyh* }kjk izkjEHk fd;k x;k] ftls 31 fdlkuksa }kjk 11-2 gs0 {ks=Qy esa viuk;k x;kA bl iz.kkyh ls ykSdh rFkk djsyk ds vkSlr mRiknu esa dze’k% 62-6 rFkk 65-7 vkSj ?kjsyw vk; esa 9250 :0 izfr o"kZ o`f) vkadh x;hA
ifj;kstuk vof/k ds nkSjku iks"k.k lqj{kk dks lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, fdlkuksa dks ?kj ds vkaxu esa yxkus gsrq fy, 16438 iSdsV lfCt;ksa ds cht dk forj.k fd;k x;kA rhuksa DyLVjksa esa ns’kh uLy dh cdfj;ksa dh uLy lq/kkj ds fy, dsUnzh; cdjh vuqla/kku laLFkku] eFkqjk ls izkIr 25 cjcjh uLy ds cdjksa dks forfjr fd;k x;kA ifj;kstuk vof/k ds nkSjku ladfjr uLy ds mUur 172 cPps iSnk gq,A lHkh DyLVjksa esa mUur ladfjr cdfj;ksa us lacaf/kr vk/kkjHkwr nj dh rqyuk esa nqX/k mRikndrk esa 140 ls vf/kd dh o`f) ntZ dh rFkk lHkh DyLVjksa ds lfEefyr vkSlr nqX/k mRikndrk esa dqy 163 dh o`f) gqbZA cjcjh ladfjr lewg ds nqX/k rFkk ekal nksuksa ds mRikndrk esa gq, lq/kkj ls ?kjsyw vk; esa 3476 :0@o"kZ@d`"kd ifjokj dh o`f) gqbZA ?kj ds ihNs dqDdqV ikyu dks] lhekUr rFkk Hkwfeghu 130 d`"kdksa esa 10 eqfxZ;ka izfr ?kj dh nj ls forfjr dh xbZA ;g mUur uLy foa/; {ks= ds i;kZoj.k esa Hkyh izdkj vuqdqfyr gks xbZ rFkk LFkkuh; eqfxZ;ksa dh rqyuk esa 'kjhj Hkkj esa 35-4 rFkk v.Ms mRiknu esa 133 o`f) ntZ dh x;h vkSj fuHkhZd ds ek/;e ls ?kjsyw vk; esa 2142 :0 izfr o"kZ dk lq/kkj gqvkA
lHkh DyLVjksa esa eosf’k;ksa ds fy, [kfut feJ.k] d`feukf’k;ksa rFkk muds vU; LokLF; lEcU/kh ns[kHkky ds fy, 970 d`"kd ifjokjksa dk p;u fd;k x;kA blds lkFk gh mUur vkgkj esa gjs pkjs ds mi;ksx }kjk xk; dh nqX/k
14
mRikndrk esa 34 rFkk HkSal esa 40-2 dk lq/kkj gqvkA bu iz;klksa ds ek/;e ls okf"kZd ?kjsyw vk; 8305 :0 esa 2948 :0@o"kZ dh o`f) ntZ djrs gq, c<+dj 11253 :0@o"kZ gks xbZA LFkkuh; eosf’k;ksa dh mRikndrk esa o`f) ds fy, rhu DyLVjksa esa 779 xk;ksa rFkk DyLVj 2 ,oa 3 esa 110 HkSalksa dk d`f+=e xHkkZ/kku fd;k x;kA d`f=e xHkkZ/kku dh lQyrk izfr’kr xk;ksa esa 30-1 izfr’kr rFkk HkSalksa esa 31-8 FkhA DyLVj 2 esa mRiUu ladj xk;ksa ds miyC/k vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj ik;k x;k fd mUur xk;ksa dk izfrnu vkSlr nqX/k mit viuh ekr`xk;ksa ls 94-2 vf/kd FkkA o"kZ 2009&10 rFkk 2010&11 ds nkSjku lHkh DyLVjksa ds lHkh xkaoksa esa eosf’k;ksa rFkk cdfj;ksa dh lkeU; rFkk ?kkrd chekfj;ksa tSls& [kqj ,oa eq¡gidk] xy?kksaVw rFkk y¡xM+h ds fy, Vhdkdj.k fd;k x;kA tutkrh; ckgqY; DyLVj 1 esa 22 d`"kd ifjokjks us js’ke dhV ikyu vtqZu ds isM+ dh ifRr;ksa LFkku ij vj.Mh+ ds ifRr;ksa ij fd;k x;kA 2013&14 esa pkj gs0 iz{ks= ds esM+ ij yxk;s x;s vj.Mh ls izkIr ifRr;ksa ij 293 fdyks dksdwu dk mRiknu fd;k x;kA ;|fi dksdwu dk fodz; ewY; fLFkj ugh Fkk] fQj Hkh 5 o"kksZa ds vkSlr ds vuqlkj 2199 :0 izfr o"kZ@fdlku ifjokj dh ?kjsyw vk; izkIr gqbZA
d`"kd ifjokjksa ds lg;ksx ls 52]41]637 :i;s dk ,d fVdkÅ dks"k tek fd;k x;k gSA ftldk mi;ksx ifj;kstuk dss mijkUr bldh xfrfof/k;ksa ds tkjh j[kus gsrq fdlkuksa }kjk [kpZ fd;k tk;sxkA fetkZiqj rFkk lksuHknz tuinksa ds vUrxZr ifj;kstuk ls lEc) nks xSj&ljdkjh laxBu rFkk d`f"k foKku dsUnz ‘rduhdh dsUnz* ds :Ik esa dk;Z djrs gq, d`"kdksa dh dk;Z{kerk esa fodkl] d`f"k ls lEcfU/kr ubZ tkudkfj;ksa dks miyC/k djkus rFkk mPp xq.koRrk okys lalk/kuksa ds [kjhn esa d`"kdksa dks lg;ksx djrs jgsaxsaA
lEiw.kZ ifj;kstuk vof/k ds nkSjku] izeq[k laLFkk rFkk lHkh lg;ksxh laLFkkvksa ds }kjk fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ij 44 izf’k{k.k dk;Zdze vk;ksftr fd, x,A bu izf’k{k.kksa esa lgHkkfx;ksa dh dqy la[;k 3432 FkhA fetkZiqj rFkk lksuHknz ds ty miyC/krk rFkk tksrksa ds vkdkj ds vk/kkj ij fofHkUu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fy, d`f"k iz.kkfy;k¡ fodflr dh x;hA vk/kkjHkwr nj dh 201 rqyuk esa Jfed miHkksx c<+dj 268 fnol gks x;kA blh izdkj] ?kjsyw vk; 41268 :0 ls c<+dj 58364 :0 izfro"kZ ntZ dh x;hA foa/; {ks= ds d`"kd ifjokjksa ds vkthfodk dh lqj{kk gsrq fofHkUu tksr o ty miyC/krk ij vk/kkfjr ‘vkthfodk ekM~;wy* fodflr fd;k x;k gSA ,u-,-vkbZ-ih rduhdh lHkh ykHkkFkhZ fdlkuksa ¼4256½ }kjk viukbZ tk jgh gS rFkk blds vfrfjDr 583 d`"kd ifjokjksa us 484 gs0 {ks= esa bl rduhd dks viuk;kA
15
Part-I: General Information of sub-project
1. Title of the Sub-project: “Ensuring livelihood security through watershed based farming system modules in disadvantaged districts of Mirzapur and Sonbhadra in Vindhyan region”.
2. Sub-project Code: NAIP (SRLS-C) III(2)/6/20083. Component: III 4. Date of sanction of sub-project: 29.05.2008.5. Date of completion: 31.03.20146. Extension if granted, from __01.04.2012____________to_____31.03.2014____________7. Total sanctioned amount for the sub-project: 887.79332 lakhs 8. Total Expenditure of the sub-project: 731.46950 lakhs 9. Consortium Leader:
Dr. Ravi Pratap Singh , Director of Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005Phone:0542-2368993 Email:[email protected]: naipbhu.org.in
10. List of Consortium Partners:
Name of CPI/ CCPI with designation
Name of organization and Address, Phone & Fax, Email
Duration(From-To)
Budget(Rs. Lakhs)
CPI Dr. J. S. Bohra (Professor cum Senior Agronomist,
Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Banaras Hindu University, Varanasiemail:jsbohra2005@ rediffmail.comPhone:9415396460; Fax: 0542-2368381
29.05.2008to
31.03.2014
735.51562
CCPI
1
Dr. Neeraj Singh
(Senior Scientist)
Indian Institute of Vegetables Research (IIVR) ICAR, Post Bag 01, P.O. Jakhani (Shanshahpur) Varanasi-221305email:[email protected] Phone: 9415993837; Fax: 5423- 229007
29.05.2008
to 31.03.2014
72.11870
lakhs
CCPI
2
Mr Surya Kant
Jalaan (Director)
Surabhi Shodh Sansthan (NGO)B- 27/75 D, Ravindrapuri, Varanasiemail:surabhishodh [email protected]: 0542- 227660; Fax: 542- 239013
29.05.2008
to 31.03.2014
42.26680
lakhs
CCPI
3
Dr.(Mrs.) Ragini Prem(Director)
Banwasi Sewa Ashram (NGO)Govindpur (Vill- Tura)District- Sonbhadraemail:banwasisevaashram@ gmail.comPhone: 05447-2385224 -23Fax: 5446- 252302
29.05.2008
to 31.03.2014
37.89220
lakhs
CPI-Consortia Principal Investigator; CCPI-Consortia Co-Principal Investigator
16
Statement of budget released and utilization partner-wise (Rs in Lakh):
CPI/ CCPI Name, designation & address)
Total Budget Sanctioned
Fund Released
(up to Closing Date)
Fund Utilized(up to Closing
Date)
CPI Dr. J. S. Bohra (Professor cum Senior Agronomist) Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
735.51562 Lakhs
621.77354 Lakhs
615.30213Lakhs
CCPI1 Dr. Neeraj Singh(Senior Scientist)Indian Institute of Vegetables Research (IIVR) ICAR, Post Bag 01, P.O. Jakhani (Shanshahpur) Varanasi- 221 305
72.11870
lakhs57.81370
Lakhs55.12900 Lakhs
CCPI2 Mr Surya Kant Jalaan (Director) Surabhi Shodh Sansthan (NGO)B- 27/75 D, Ravindrapuri,Varanasi
42.26680
lakhs33.83929
Lakhs33.80293
Lakhs
CCPI 3 Dr.(Mrs.) Ragini Prem(Director) Banwasi Sewa Ashram (NGO)Govindpur (Vill- Tura)District- Sonbhadra
37.89220
lakhs27.95509
Lakhs27.23544
Lakhs
Total 887.79332 lakhs
741.38162 lakhs
731.46950 lakhs
CPI-Consortia Principal Investigator; CCPI-Consortia Co-Principal Investigator
17
Part-II: Technical Details
1. Introduction
Mirzapur and Sonbhadra are the two disadvantaged districts of Uttar Pradesh in Vindhyan region. Over 70% populations in this area depend on agriculture for livelihood agriculture and more particularly through crop production which is predominantly rainfed. The majority of farm households are marginal and small; they are resource poor and the literacy rate is low. Owing to use of low yielding varieties, poor seed replacement rate, imbalanced nutrient application and inefficient production technology, the crop yields are low. The average family size is large with 6 to 8 members and the level of crop production is just not sufficient for the subsistence of most of the farm households. The situation in some of the tribal areas of Sonbhadra is so pity that the people survive on mahua (Madhuca longifolia ), obtained from forest, for at least two to three months in a year.
The food available to the majority of landless, marginal and small farm households is not balanced and nutritive as it mostly comprised of cereals, millets and minor millets and little pulses. The use of milk, milk products, meat, egg, fruits and even the vegetables in daily meal is limited or lacking. The livestock and/ poultry are also practiced by the farmers along with the crop in farming system mode. However, the breed they possess are mostly local or non discrete and due to poor management, feeding as well as health care, the productivity is very low. Due to the lack of irrigation water, the regular supply of green fodder to the cattle is not assured. All these lead to the low income of farm households in this region.
The average rainfall in the area exceeds 1100 mm and a large number of natural rivulets flow during rainy season and some period of winter but due to non adoption of proper water conservation practices, most of the rain water remains untapped and lost through surface run off. Most often the resource poor farmers even fail to use water flowing in the rivulets due to the lack of proper lifting and conveyance system. Therefore, in order to ensure the livelihood security of the farmers of this region, there is the need to improve the natural resource base i.e. soil and water besides developing the supply of irrigation water and water conveyance. It also requires introduction of improved varieties of field crops, vegetables and fodder crops; adoption of efficient production technology, balanced nutrition, better input use and plant protection. As irrigation water is the major constraint of crop production and different watershed conditions exist in the area, it seemed feasible to develop farming system modules for different watershed conditions. Improvement of livestock and poultry breed as well as their feeding and health care will further add to the household income. With these facts in view the present study entitled “Ensuring livelihood security through watershed based farming system modules in disadvantaged districts of Mirzapur and Sonbhadra in Vindhyan region” was undertaken under Component 3 of National Agricultural Innovation project of Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
2. Overall Sub-project Objectives
1. To improve the productivity of important field crops, vegetables and orchards.
18
2. To make efficient use of natural resource base viz. water and soil
3. To enhance the productivity of existing livestock, fishery, apiary and Tassar silk.4. To promote cottage industries and post harvest technology for income generation and
enhanced employment.5. To undertake capacity building of rural youth and women, and to create better market linkages
for sustainability. 3. Sub-project Technical Profile
Three clusters of villages from two target districts i.e. Mirzapur and Sonbhadra of Vindhayan region were selected in three development blocks for project interventions pertaining to the set objectives of the sub project. Cluster I with 8 villages belonged to Myorepur block of Sonbhadra. Whereas, cluster II and III comprising 12 and13 villages were selected in Pahari and Madihan blocks of Mirzapur, respectively. However, with the extension of sub project in April 2012, additional 3 villages each in cluster II and III and 4 villages in cluster I with 800 farm households were included. The list of the villages in each cluster is given below:
Roles and assigned activities of the partners:
S. No
Name of the
partner
Roles Assigned activities
1. Lead CentreInstitute of Agricultural Sciences
Overall responsibility of Coordination among partners and area responsibility of Cluster-III.
Watershed development and enhancing the area under irrigation.
Soil and water conservation. Facilitate better input use and
production technology for enhanced agricultural productivity.
Truth full level Seed production.
Provide all the technical, knowledge and material support to the partners. Work in close linkage with KVK, RGSC, Mirzapur for carrying out project activities in Cluster III.
Site selection and construction of water harvesting structures as well as improving water lifting and conveyance system in target area.
Plantation of trees and the use of dryland weeder. Arrangement of fertilizer, manure, pesticides as well as
improved seeds of field crops, fodder crops and the saplings of fruit and multi-purpose trees in all the clusters. Field demonstrations in cluster III.
Providing improved production technology for crops, fruits, dairy, goat keeping and poultry.
19
Cluster I (Myorepur, Sonbhadra): Khutiyahi, Benadah, Lukhari Dand, Ban Paisa, Basaniya, Pati, Boderhava, Pahad Pati, Bijul jhuria, Bhediya, Agaideeh and Magarhar.Cluster II (Pahari, Mirzapur): Shivgarh, Hinauti, Tedha, Sindhora, Nevadhiya, Saraiya, Passainya, Parsanpur, Patharaha, Gurukhuli, Laxshmanpur, Usarahanwa, Sagar Samer, Dharaura and TaungaCluster III (Madihan, Mirzapur): Phuliyari, Banwaripur, Andhiya, Kanchanpur, Hinauti- Swarooppur, Atari, Parmapur, Haraura Godtutawa, Bahuti, Gulalpur, Hardi Khurd, Belhar, Dhanawal, Devari Uttar, Rampu Thakur Dayal and Hardi Mishra
Breed improvement of local goats through Baberi bucks.
Introduction of improved breed of backyard poultry.
Development of watershed based farming system modules.
Value addition of agro produce.
Capacity building.Impact study.
Seed production, processing and marketing on farmers participatory mode.
Distribution of Baberi bucks obtained from CIRG, Mathura, U.P
Distribution of Nirbheek breed of backyard poultry for enhancing the income and nutrition of landless and marginal farmers.
Integration of crop with other farming system enterprises and the development of farming system modules.
Supporting post harvest management and value addition by installing value addition units.
Organizing trainings and exposure visits for farmers, rural youth and farm women. Formation of self help groups in cluster III.
Monitoring, data collection, data analysis, assessment, impact analysis and report writing.
2 Indian Institute of Vegetable Research
Popularizing improved varieties/hybrids of vegetables and their production technology for enhanced profit in all the clusters.
Enhancement of area under commercial vegetable cultivation.
Nutritional security of farm households.
Capacity building.
Providing improved seeds of vegetables in all clusters and Seed production of vegetables under seed village programme.
Demonstration of improved package of practices and technology viz. bower system of cucurbits cultivation and their dissemination in all the selected clusters.
Providing seed packets to the farmers for year round availability of green vegetables.
Training of the farmers on vegetable seed production, nursery raising, use of poly house, post harvest technology and value addition. Formation of self help groups.
3 Banwasi Seva Ashram
Area responsibility of Cluster-I
Watershed development Improvement in sericulture. Capacity building of rural
youth and farm women.
Assist the lead centre in the site selection and the construction of check dam/water harvesting bunds in cluster I.
Input distribution and field demonstration. Rearing of silk worm on castor leaves for silk
production. Formation of self help groups. Training of rural youth and farm women on silk
spinning, soap making, agarbatti (Scented sticks) making, sattu (roasted gram floor) making etc.
3 Surabhi Shodh Sansthan
Area responsibility of Cluster-I.
Watershed development linked farming system module.
Breed improvement of cattle.
Capacity building of rural youth and farm women.
Assist the lead centre in the site selection and the construction of check dam/water harvesting bund in cluster II.
Input distribution and field demonstration. Artificial insemination of cattle in all the three
clusters. Formation of self help groups. Promotion of cottage industries, formation of self
help groups and training of rural youth and farm women on NADEP and vermicompost.
20
4. Baseline Analysis
Baseline survey was conducted in all the three clusters during March-April 2009. Cluster I was comprised of 8 villages in Myorepur block of Sonbhadra. Whereas, Cluster II with 12 and cluster III with 13 villages belonged to Pahari and Madihan blocks of Mirzapur, respectively. In all 33 villages under the project, 30 households were randomly selected for the household information. Similarly, the village profile was also worked out for each village. The results of the baseline survey revealed that cluster I was dominated by tribal people with SC/ST population of 87.3% whereas cluster II had 39.9% and that of the cluster III 44.8% SC/ST. In all the clusters, the male population was higher than female. The average land holdings were small and majority of farmers in all the clusters were marginal and small. Living conditions of the farm households in all the clusters was not good and it is particularly horrible in cluster I. The literacy rate in the area is low; however, cluster II with 39% male and 21.5% female it was better than cluster III (male 33.2%, female 14.9%) and cluster I male (13.9%, female 3.9).
Availability of irrigation water is the major constraint of crop production in the area particularly in cluster I that had only 12.4% area under irrigation (Table 1). Whereas, in cluster II and III 36.6% and 28% irrigated area were recorded, respectively. This led to low cropping intensity (151.7 %) as well as poor crop and animal productivity.
Large variations were noticed in income of household in different clusters. The annual household income of even the ‘medium & big’ farmers of Cluster I i.e. Myorepur in Sonbhadra was far below the income of landless and marginal farm households of Cluster II and III. Nevertheless, the average annual income of Cluster I, II and III were found to be Rs. 26,859, Rs. 54,241 and Rs. 38,160, respectively. In spite of low household income, farmers of cluster I keep them engaged for more number of days as compared to other two clusters. However, the engagement of the farmers of cluster II in their own farm was more than the farmers of cluster I and III.
As regards the processing enterprises, cluster I had only one flour mill, cluster II recorded 10 flour mills and 5 oil expellers whereas in cluster III, there were 13 flour mills, 4 oil expellers and one rice mill. However, there was no pulse mill in any of the clusters and no rice mill in cluster I and cluster II. It was further noticed that majority of the farm households in all the clusters were professionally untrained but they had shown interest in undergoing training.
Targets were fixed against the baseline values pertaining to various issues for developing watershed based farming system modules and ensuring the livelihood security in target area (Table 1). The targets fixed for enhancing the crop productivity was 50 to 100%, irrigated area by 25% and cropping intensity by 30%. It was proposed to improve the livestock productivity by 25 to 35 percent and that of the egg productivity up to 150%. The employment generation and household income were targeted to improve by 25% and 30%, respectively. To assess the impact of various
21
strategies with respect to livelihood security and employment generation, data were collected again on the same farm households involved in baseline survey and analyzed.
Table 1: The baseline status of the issues and the target set for improvement.
IssuesCluster I
Myorepur, Sonbhadra
Cluster IIPahari,
Mirzapur
Cluster III Madihan, Mirzapur Mean
BLV Target* BLV Target BLV Target BLV TargetCropping Intensity 127 166 162 216 162 210 151.7 197Irrigated area (%) 12.4 16 36.6 45.3 28 34.7 25.7 32.0Cereal (q/ha) 5.5 11.0 16.2 21.1 12.6 19.0 11.4 17.0Pulses (q/ha) 3.3 6.6 7.6 10.6 5.5 8.3 5.5 8.5 Oilseeds (q/ha) 1.9 3.8 3.1 6.2 3.4 6.4 2.8 5.5Cow: Milk (l/cattle) 1.0 1.35 1.59 2.1 1.64 2.2 1.4 1.88Buffalo: Milk (l/cow) - - 1.73 2.25 1.85 2.4 1.79 2.33Goat: Milk (l/goat) 0.16 0.22 0.13 0.18 0.18 0.24 0.16 0.21Meat(kg/animal) 11.2 14.0 11.9 14.9 11.3 14.1 11.5 14.33Poultry: Egg/day 0.17 0.5 0.17 0.5 0.15 0.5 0.16 0.50Meat (kg/bird) 0.83 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.4 0.91 1.27Employment 225 270 201 250 185 250 200.5 256.7Household income (Rs) 26859 40289 54241 65089 38160 50880 41268 52086.0
*Target for improvement. 5. Research Achievements 5.1 Lead Centre: Banaras Hindu University5.1.1 Improving the productivity of important field crops
5.1.1.1 Introduction Improved varieties of field crops, better input use and demonstration of efficient production technology.
During the initial three years of the project, 1940 q seeds of as much as 59 improved varieties of field crops were distributed among the beneficiary farmers in three clusters. This comprised the seeds of rice (HUR-105, HUR-3022, IDR-763, Narendra-97, Pusa Sughandha-4), Maize (Pragati, Sweta, Jaunpuri), Pigeon pea (Bahar, Malviya Chamtkar, UPAS-120, Narendra Arhar-1), Sesamum(Shekhar), Pearlmillet (Ankur hybrid), Green gram(HUM-16,Hum-12), black gram (Azad 1, Pant U 35), Wheat (HUW-234,HUW-533,PBW-502), Chickpea (Uday, Pusa-362, Awarodhi), Field pea (HUDP-15) Barley (Narendra barley-1), Linseed (Garima, Shekhar), lentil (Kashi Vishwanath, K-75,), mustard (PRO 4001) and rapeseed (PT 303). As the area predominantly comes under dryland, preference was given to the distribution of seeds of short duration crop varieties. Except pearl millet, for all the crops improved seeds of open pollinated varieties were given to the farmers so that with little care they can use their own seeds for at least another four to five years. Improved crop production technologies viz line sowing, Intercropping with optimum proportion of component crops, balanced use of nutrients, integrated nutrient management, weed management through herbicides,
22
plant protection and diversified cropping were demonstrated. In all, 891field demonstrations were conducted in243 ha area involving 186 farmers.
Besides seeds of the improved varieties, critical inputs viz. fertilizers containing major, secondary and micronutrients for balanced nutrition and pesticides were made available to the beneficiary farmers on subsidized rates. However, for pesticide application, foot and knap sac sprayers were made available in all villages for the use of beneficiary farmers. In all 1992 ha area has been covered under improved varieties and efficient production technology covering 4256 farm households. 5.1.1.2 Impact of improved varieties and efficient crop production technology.
Farmers are now going for improved production technologies viz. line sowing, intercropping, balanced use of nutrients, integrated nutrient management, integrated weed management, plant protection and diversified cropping. These techniques along with the use of improved varieties have enhanced the crop productivity of the beneficiary farmers in all the three clusters (Fig. 1). The maximum productivity enhancement was recorded in pearl millet (130%) followed by Sesamum (108%), barley/mustard (105%), maize (97%), pigeon pea (84%), gram (79%), rice (78%) and wheat (74%).
The introduction short duration varieties, improvement in irrigation water and water conveyance, better input use as well as motivation of the farmers resulted in enhanced cropping intensity of 183, 194 and 189 percent in cluster I, II and III, respectively with overall improvement of 37% over baseline value (Table 7). The intensive cropping as well as enhanced crop productivity and production led to the 22.4% increase in labour engagement and 66.8% increase in crop based income. However, the maximum increase in crop based income took place in cluster III (84.3%), followed by cluster I (72.6%) and cluster II (53.6%), respectively. This shows that the impact was comparatively more in clusters which were less developed with respect to crop production. As compared to the baseline value, the overall benefit cost ratio improved by 69.8%. This shows that with the use of improved varieties and better technology not only the crop productivity and net income increased but also resulted in enhanced factor productivity.
23
Fig. 1: Effect of improved varieties and efficient production technology on the yield of major crops.
At the beginning of the project, the food grain and oilseeds availability was very poor in Cluster I i.e. Myorepur block of Sonbhadra, the tribal dominated forest area. Many farm households in some villages of this area used to survive on Mahua (Madhuca longifolia) for at least few months in a year. However, now with the efforts made under this project, they are producing enough food grains to meet the household requirement.Table 7: Effect of improved varieties and efficient production technology on cropping intensity, labour engagement and household income.
ParametersTraditional practice (BLV) Improved practice % Increase
over traditional
practiceCluster
ICluster
IICluster
IIIMean Cluster
ICluster
IICluster
IIIMean
Cropping intensity (%) 127.0 166.0 162.0 151.7 183.4 193.6 188.7 188.6 37Labour employed(Man days/year)
126.4 146.6 138.9 137.3 156.4 178.6 169.9 168 22.6
Income (Rs/HH/year) 12959 31515 19487 22278 22370 48394 35913 37168 66.8
Cost/Benefit ratio 0.87 1.08 0.93 0.96 1.42 1.8 1.67 1.63 69.8
5.1.1.3 Effect of improved varieties and efficient crop production technology on food grain and oilseeds production and income during the project period.Data presented in Table 8 shows that due to yield improvement of all the major crops in the range of
74 to 130%, marked improvement in the production of cereals, pulses and oilseeds occurred. As compared to the baseline values, as much as 2662.3 tones of additional production of pulses, oilseeds and cereals were realized during the project period (2008 to 2013). In spite of the fact that major part of Vindhyan region is rainfed, rice is the major field crop in the area and it contributed maximum (1110 t) to the enhanced production followed by wheat (781 t), maize (175 t), chickpea (169 t), barley (148 t) and pigeon pea (127 t), respectively. The increase in the production of food grains and oilseeds in three clusters led to the increased income of Rs 35891231 over baseline value during the period 2008 to 2013.
24
A happy farmer showing good quality produce of maize composite ‘Pragati’
in
Line sown linseed variety ‘Kashi Vishwanath’ under dryland condition
Cluster I, Myorepur, Sonbhadra
Cumulative (2008-13)
Total area covered (ha)
No. of HH
Initial Productivity (t/ha)
Improved Productivity (t/ha)
Enhanced Income (Rs/ha)
Total Production
(t)
Enhanced production over BLV*
(t)
Enhanced income over
BLV*(Rs)
Wheat 788.9 1675 1.43 2.42 11880 1909.13 781.0 10949932Paddy 965.5 1552 1.67 2.82 11613 2722.71 1110.3 11211869Soybean - - - - - Maize 253.1 630 0.57 1.26 4880 318.906 174.6 728886Pearlmillet 61.4 487 0.47 1.07 4306 65.698 36.8 264409Sorghum 16.4 424 0.68 0.96 2100 15.744 4.6 34440Black gram 18.3 305 0.32 0.81 12200 14.823 9.0 223260Mustard 168.7 781 0.31 0.61 4115 102.907 50.6 694201Pigeon pea 341.9 974 0.44 0.81 14146 276.939 126.5 4836460Green gram 21.1 351 0.38 0.85 13200 17.935 9.9 278520Barley 176.7 564 1.3 2.14 10637 378.138 148.4 1879499Linseed 35.79 296 0.48 0.73 1500 26.1267 8.9 53685Chickpea 411.1 1183 0.66 1.07 9033 439.877 168.6 3713603Lentil 37.92 437 0.43 0.77 11360 29.1984 12.9 430771Field Pea 50.4 424 0.53 0.93 11740 46.872 20.2 591696Total 2662.3 35891231
Table 8: Area covered under improved varieties and efficient technology by farm household and their effect on, yield, enhanced production and income
25
CAC Chairman, monitoring hybrid pearlmillet
Rice variety Pusa Sugandha 4
Cluster II, Pahari, Mirzapur
5.1.1.4 Direct seeding of rice with chemical weed control
A large area in Vindhyan region comes under dryland, where direct seeding of rice (DSR) is considered ideal since long but the heavy infestation of weeds has been the major constraint in realizing the higher yield and remunerative return. However, with the availability of suitable varieties and effective herbicides, DSR was introduced, during rainy season of 2011-12 in cluster III (Madihan, Mirzapur) of the NAIP sub-project, as demonstration covering 30.5 ha area with 19 farm households. All the demonstrations were very successful, so field days were organized inviting the farmers from all the three clusters. Looking at the performance, next year 248 farm households with 98.4 ha land came forward for the adoption of technology. Maintaining the trend, the number of farmers under DSR raised to 328 covering 138 ha area comprising 31.2., 42.5 and 57.3 ha in cluster I, II and III, respectively.
The technology involves the use of short duration rice varieties viz. NDR 97, HUR 3022 and IDR 763 maturing in 95 to 115 days, sowing seeds@ 48 kg/ha by seed-cum-fertilizer drill/ zero till ferti-drill, using recommended fertilizer dose and controlling weeds by spraying low dose high efficiency herbicide Bispyribac Sodium 10% SC @ 200 ml/ha at 18 -20 days of sowing. Farmers, not having the facility of seed-cum-fertilizer drill, can go for sowing behind the plough as it is being practiced in cluster I. The technology is so versatile that the last option is the broadcasting of seeds at proper soil tilth and timely weed management by spraying herbicide at right stage.
Almost weed free condition is created with the use of ‘Bispyribac Sodium 10% SC’. Being broad spectrum, post emergence application of this newly introduced low dose high efficiency herbicide is very effective in knocking down nearly all types of weeds before critical tillering stage. Timely application of Bispyribac completely avoids manual weeding that is a troublesome practice in direct seeded rice and expensive too. As compared to the prevalent practice of transplanting, there is tremendous labour saving in this method as it saves labour on nursery raising, field
26
Cluster III, Madihan, Mirzapur
Gram variety Pusa 362 in cluster III. Madihan , Mirzapur.
Wheat + mustard (8:1) intercropping becoming common in cluster III,
preparation/pudlling, transplanting and weeding. This is evident from data presented in Table 10 that DSR save 128% and 58.6% labour than transplanted rice improved (practice) and conventional practice, respectively. The labour saved on DSR could be utilized for some other gainful work in agriculture.
In comparison to transplanted rice that uses medium duration high yielding varieties, DSR produced 5.6% less grain yield but it recorded 130.4% higher grain yield over baseline yield (Table 9). However, due to its competitive grain and straw yield and reduced cost of cultivation, DSR was found far more remunerative than transplanted as it registered 18.1% higher net return and 47.6% higher B:C ratio. Similarly, DSR produced 214% and 74.2% higher net return and B:C ratio, respectively than traditional practice. The household income under DSR was Rs 17454 which was 166 and 15.1 percent higher than baseline value and improved transplanting. Further, it can be noted that DSR saved labour to the extent 34 and 74 man days than traditional practice (BLV) and improved transplanting, respectively. This shows that labour saved in DRS could be employed to some other gainful work.
Table 9: Yield and economics of direct seeded rice (DSR) as compared to baseline value and improved transplanted rice.Rice cultivation practice
Number of households
Yield (q/ha) Gross return (Rs/ha)
Cost of Cultivation (Rs/ha)
Net return (Rs/ha)
B:C ratio
Household income (Rs/HH)
Labour employed (Man days)
Grain Straw
DSR 328 38.4 64.1 65953 21198 44754 3.1 17454 58
Traditional practice (BLV)
990 16.67 27.8 32507 18262 14245 1.78 6553 92
Transplanted(Improved) 124 40.7 73.5 71285 33374 37911 2.1 15164 132
27
Dr Ravi Pratap Singh, Consortium Leader interacting with farmers in ‘Field day on DSR’ organized in cluster I during 2012-13.
Dr H.P Singh, CAC Chairman participating in ‘Field day on DSR’ organized in cluster III during 2011-12.
Impact of DSR:Pre intervention: In spite of the acute shortage of irrigation water besides early/mid season/late season drought, the farmers used to go for the transplanted rice that most often failed or resulted in low crop yield. Their hesitation to direct seeding of rice was mainly the higher weed completion and the more labour required in weeding.
28
Direct Seeded Rice in three clusters during 2013
Cluster I- Mrs Indra Mani Devi, Village – Makra, Myorepur, Sonbhadra
Cluster II- Sita ram , Village – Sagar Semer, Pahari, Mirzapur
Cluster III- Awadh Bihari Dubey, Village – Belhara, Madihan, Mirzapur
5.1.1.5 Truthful level seed productionIn each cluster of the project a seed village was selected for the production of truthful level seeds
with the aim of faster dissemination of quality seeds in the area at affordable price, ensuring remunerative price to the seed producers and training the rural youth on TL seed production as well as processing. The seed village selected in cluster I was Pati, whereas, in cluster II and III seed villages were Sarainya and Paramapur, respectively. In TL seed production, of course, pigeon pea was taken to some extent; the major emphasis was on open pollinated crop varieties developed mainly by B.H,U. and I.I.V.R.. The entire programme of seed production was taken up under the supervision of Dr. S.K. Singh, Professor, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, B.H.U.
Data presented in Table 10 show that during four years period, 167 farmers were involved in the seed production of field crops and the total seed produced was 1448 q of field. The maximum seed production was for rice (902 q) followed by wheat (319 q), pigeon pea (89 q), chickpea (58 q), and barley (57) and field pea (19 q). Out of the total seed produced, 233 q seed was traded every year. Depending on crops and the land put for seed production, the household income of the seed producers varied from Rs 12,928 (rice) to Rs 1853 (green gram) per year per household.
29
Prof. S.K. Singh, plant Breeder monitoring the seed production plots of rice and pigeon pea in Cluster III.
Post intervention: Impressed by the performance of direct seeded rice (NDR 97) with chemical weed control under dryland condition, the area under this practice has crossed 138 ha in just three years of introduction, particularly in cluster III (Madihan, Mirzapur). There is huge demand for the early maturing variety like NDR 97 recommended for this practice. Besides giving the good and remunerative crop yield of rice, it enables timely sowing of succeeding winter crops on residual moisture, thereby enhancing the cropping intensity and reducing the area under fallow land during winter.
National Director Dr Bangali Babu and National Coordinator NAIP Component 3, Dr A.P. Srivastava interacting with a DSR farmer in cluster I, Myorepur, Sonbhadra.
Crop No. of farmers involved
Seed produced
(q)
Volume traded
(q/year)
Volume traded
(Rs/year)
No. of famers
benefitted
Average income/year
/HH (Rs)Rice 57 902 148.9 213419 36 12928Wheat 24 319 48.2 64024 15 9363Pigeon pea 22 89 12.3 61263 17 9632Gram 28 58 14.7 45613 17 7335Barley 16 57 6.8 8190 7 2659Lentil 5 3.2 0.8 3290 2 4818Green gram 7 0.94 0.24 1293 2 1853Field Pea 8 18.95 0.99 3263 3 2514Veg. Pea* 71 97.8 18.8 92138 57 6031Cowpea * 18 6.8 1.7 11900 13 3025Bottle gourd* 25 2.1 0.52 6563 19 2152Total 281 1555 254 510953 188 62310 Table 10: Truthful level seed production, seed traded and household income.
*Vegetables5.1.2 Efficient use of natural resource base viz. water and soil5.1.2.1 Construction of check dams and water harvesting bunds to make efficient use of rain water.
In spite of the fact that major part of Vindhyan region is rainfed and the soil is thirsty, a large number of rivulets flowing in the area as well as catchment are untapped leading to great loss of water through run off. To make the efficient use of rain water, twenty five water harvesting bunds and eight check dams were constructed spread over three clusters under the project (Table 2). In most of the WHBs, the water remained up to December-January and in check dams even up to March. This not only brought additional area under irrigation to the extent of 140.7 ha (Table 4) but also enhanced the net sown area of 24.2 ha during winter that otherwise would have remained fallow for the want of sufficient soil moisture for sowing. . Table 2. Construction of Water harvesting structures.
Water harvesting structure*
Cluster I Myorepur, Sonbhadra
II Pahari, Mirzapur
III Madihan, Mirzapur Total
Check dam 3 4 1 8Earthen bund 25 0 3 28Cost of construction (Lac Rs)
30.36 33.33 33.50 97.19
30
Seed produced in three clusters were processed and packed at Banaras Hindu University.
5.1.2.2 Water storage in structures and the beneficiary farmers:During peak of the rainy season in 2010-11, water collected in all the water harvesting
structures was measured (Table 3). Though 2010-11 was the year with sub-optimal rain, the total rain water stored in structures during September 2010 was 113084 m3 which was sufficient for irrigating 226.1 ha area with 5 cm water. Water storage capacity of check dam appears less as compared to water harvesting bunds but the water stored in it lasted for longer. In some of the check dams, farmers are irrigating their crops even up to March-April. In three clusters, the direct beneficiaries of these structures are 228 comprising 62, 95 and 71 in cluster I, II and III, respectively. The cost of structures per unit storage capacity was worked out as Rs 86.13/m3 in the first year (2010-11) and in 4th year (2013-14) it came down to Rs 21.53/m3. After four years of construction and continuous use there has not been any damage to any of the structures and it is likely to cater the service for prolonged period. The cost of structures per cubic m water storage in 10 th and 20th
year is estimated as Rs 8.61 and Rs 4.30, respectively. This shows the utility of water harvesting structures constructed under project.
Table 3. Water storage capacity of the structures constructed in three Clusters under the sub project.
Village Type of Structure
Water Volume (lit.)
Water Volume
(m3)
Area as water stand
(5 ha cm)
Beneficiary Farmers
Cluster I (Myorepur, Sonbhadra)
Khutiyahi Check Dam 18062500 18063 36.1 8.0 Ram Pahari Check Dam 11663520 11664 23.3 16.0
6 Villages Earthen Bund (22) 12970801 12971 25.9 38.0
Total 42696821 42697 42697 62.0 Cluster II, Pahari, Mirzapur
Sindhora 12970801 6903727 6904 13.8 24.0 Sariyan 42696821 10371895 10372 20.7 32.0 Pathraha Check Dam 4688139 4688 9.4 21.0 Parsanpur Check Dam 4027354 4027 8.1 18.0
Total 25991116 25991 52.0 95.0 Cluster III, Madihan, Mirzapur
Gumchiya Earthen Bund 18222382 18222 36.4 25.0Parmapur Check Dam 4660346 4660.3 9.3 15.0
Belhara Earthen Bund 11407820 11408 22.8 17.0Dhanawal Earthen Bund 10105920 10106 20.2 14.0
Total 44396468 44397 44397 71.0Grand total 113084404 113084 226.1 228
31
32
Water harvesting structures in different clusters
Pati, cluster I Belhara, cluster III
Check dam under construction at vill. Sarainya in cluster II and rice crop in the background after completion.
Water harvesting bund
Good amount of water is retained in the check dams even up to February-March.
Parasanpur, Cluster II Paramapur,Cluster III
Pati, cluster I Belhara, cluster III
Paramapur,Cluster IIIParasanpur, Cluster II
5.1.2.3 Improvement in water conveyance system
Therefore, in order to improve the available water utilization, 44 diesel engine pump sets and 25284 m PVC delivery pipes were distributed among the farmers groups. In all the three clusters 161 farmers’ group have been formed and each group consists of 10 to 15 farm households with 20 to 40 pipes of 6 m each. In each of the initially selected 33 villages under the project, at least one diesel engine was provided. This resulted in bringing additional 228.9 ha area under irrigation.5.1.2.4 Additional area brought under irrigation through various means
Water harvesting structures constructed in three clusters created additional irrigation facility in 140.7 ha area and the improvement in water conveyance system added 228.9 ha area under irrigation. Therefore, the total area brought under irrigation in three clusters was 369.6 ha.
Micro irrigation With a view to enhance the water productivity and demonstrate the pressurized irrigation system in
the area, drip and sprinkler irrigation systems were provided to the beneficiary farmers. Drip irrigation of 3.05 ha was installed in orchards whereas 26.05 ha area was brought under sprinkler irrigation. In all 29.16 ha area was covered under pressurized irrigation that increased the water use efficiency by 200%.
5.1.2.5 Impact of the water harvesting structures and improvement in water conveyance The overall impact of ‘water harvesting structures and improvement in water conveyance system’ has been very successful as irrigation water facility was extended to additional 369.6 ha area recording an increase of 27.8% over baseline value (Table 4). However, as regards the three clusters, 46.9, 188.1 and
33
Improvement in water conveyance system was found very effective in enhancing the area under irrigationas as well as crop yields.
The area has annual precipitation of 1125 mm but due to undulating topography in most areas and lack of proper watershed approach, the surface run off is very high. A good number of rivulets flowing in the area have also remained under utilized by the resource poor farmers because their efficient utilization requires sufficient water delivery pipes and water lifting pumps. This leads to the low cropping intensity in the area.
134.6 hectare increase in irrigated area was recorded in cluster I, II and III, respectively. Here, it is interesting to note that with uniform support of water conveyance system to all the clusters and almost the similar investment on water harvesting structures (Table 2), cluster II registered 141.2 and 53.5 hectare more area under irrigation than cluster I and III, respectively. This could be attributed to the poor water retention of soil and excessively undulating topography of Myorepur in Sonbhadra (Cluster I) as well as Cluster II (Pahari, Mirzapur) having all the investment on the construction of check dams. This shows that as compared to water harvesting bunds, check dams with the capacity of retaining more rain water for longer period proved much effective in bringing large area under irrigation. Area under winter season pulses and oilseeds has increased due to availability of water for pre-sowing and life saving irrigations. Similarly, near the check dams, area under rice in rainy season and wheat during winter has increased due to prolonged availability water. Even near some of the check dams in cluster II, it has become possible to go for the cultivation of summer vegetables, pulses and fodder crops. With the enhanced availability of irrigation water and appropriate crop varieties, the cropping intensity has increased up to 188.7%, 193% and 183.4% in cluster I, II and III, respectively. It is also interesting to note that the average water table near the water harvesting structures has improved from 0.81 to 1.12 meter. This provided enough drinking water to the rural people and their livestock as some of the open / bore wells that used to dry during summer did not dry with the rise of water table.
Table 4: Impact of the water harvesting structures and water conveyance system on the enhancement of irrigated area.
Irrigated area Cluster I
Myorepur, Sonbhadr
a
Cluster IIPahari,
Mirzapur
Cluster IIIMadihan, Mirzapur
TotalOverall increase in
irrigated area over BLVha %
Baseline value (ha) 199.8 620.7 503.4 1323.9
369.6 27.9% of net sown area 12.4 36.56 27.98Average (%) 25.65After intervention (ha) 246.7 808.8 638.0 1693.6Increase over BLV (ha) 46.9 188.1 134.6Increase through structures (ha) 21.5 76.9 42.3 140.7Increase through water conveyance system (ha) 25.4 111.2 92.3 228.9% increase in irrigated area over BLV 23.5 30.3 26.7
For evaluating the effect of improved water availability through water harvesting structures and conveyance system on crop productivity, 10 farmers in the surroundings of each structure were selected and data collected to work out the productivity of major field crops (Table 5). Rice, maize and green gram during rainy season and barley, field pea and mustard during winter were the major crops near WHBs. Similarly, the important field crops in the surroundings of check dams were rice, maize wheat and mustard. As compared to baseline values, the crop yield near WHBs increased from 56% (green gram) to 95% (barley), whereas, the yield improvements due to check dams were 85% (mustard) to 109% (wheat). Therefore, the impact was better near the check dams than WHBs because it retained water for longer periods particularly during winter season. It may further be noted that cropping intensity near the WHBs enhanced by 32.8% while close to CDs by 42.1%. The improvement in cropping intensity was also due to the use of short duration improved crop varieties by the farmers. The labour engagement was enhanced by 17.5% and 26.3% with improved water availability due to WHBs and CDs, respectively. Similarly, the
34
household income of the farmers in the surroundings of WHBs and CDs increased through crop production by Rs 7292 and Rs 15148, respectively.
Table 5: Productivity enhancement (q/ha) of major crops as influenced by improved production technology and water harvesting structures.
S. No.
Crops Baseline value (BLV)
Water harvesting bund (WHB)
Check dam (CD)
A Cereals1 Rice 16.67 29.6(77.6) 31.86(91.1)3 Maize 5.7 10.38(82) 11.17(96)4 Wheat 14.28 26.74(87) 29.85(109)5 Barley 13.58 26.5(95) -B Pulses 8 Green gram 3.75 6.08(56) -9 Gram 6.06 10.26(67) -11 Field pea 5.32 8.58(61) -C Oilseeds 13 Mustard 4.71 7.93(68) 8.73(85)Cropping intensity (%) 151.7 183.5 192.8Labour employed(Man days/year)
137 161 173
Income (Rs/HH/year) 22278 29570 37426
aObservations are based on 10 households in the surroundings of each structure. bFigure in parentheses show the per cent yield increase over BLV
5.1.2.6 Soil moisture conservation and weed control using dryland weeder Major part of Vindhyan region being rainfed, in situ soil moisture conservation is very important.
As proper weed management practices are not adopted, weed pose serious problem by competing the crops for moisture, nutrients and solar radiation as well. This leads to the low crop yields. Timely use of dryland weeder particularly during winter season, not only controls the weeds but also checks the evaporation loss by breaking the capillary rise of moisture and creating soil mulch. Keeping these in view, 289 weeder were provided to the farmers in all the three clusters. With this practice, the productivity of major crops has been found to increase by 7 to 12% and the use of dryland weeder is becoming common in the area.
35Wheat field of Amarnath near check dam
in village Sarainya of cluster II.Prof. R.M. Singh presenting dryland weeder to a farm woman in cluster II.
5.1.2.7 Soil health care In each of the 33 villages selected initially under the project, soil health card was issued to 30
farm households. In all 970 farm households are using these cards. Soil organic carbon was found low in all the clusters. Available nitrogen in all the clusters and available phosphorus in cluster I (Myorepur, Sonbhadra) were reported low, available phosphorus was medium in cluster II (Pahari, Mirzapur) and III (Madihan, Mirzapur), whereas, available potassium was found medium in all the clusters (Table 6).
Looking at the poor soil condition, following efforts were made: Farmers were motivated for balanced nutrition as per the requirement of crops at right time
using correct method of application to achieve maximum nutrient use efficiency. Fertilizers containing major, secondary and trace elements were provided on subsidized rates. Use of organic manure viz. compost, FYM, vermicompost and Welgro (concentrated organic
manure) as the component of integrated nutrient management (INM) was encouraged. Six trainings each on INM, NADEP compost and vermicomposting were organized. It was mandatory for all the beneficiary farmers to have compost pit. During 2009-10 and 2010-11, a total number of 84,698 saplings of fast growing multipurpose
trees viz. Cassia siamea, Glirecedia sepium and Acacia nilotica were planted on field bunds, waste land and around manure pits in three clusters. It was expected that this will help in restoring soil fertility by conserving soil and water besides adding N rich biomass to the soil as well as the lopping could be used in the preparation of NADEP/Vermicompost.
All these efforts helped in restoring the soil fertility. However, with respect to plantation of fast growing multi-purpose trees, it was realized that the survival percentage was low (15 to 20%) due to high mortality of saplings. The causes for the high mortality were water scarcity and ignorance as well as carelessness on the part of farmers. At the end of the project, soil samples were again collected from the same 970 farmers’ fields to analyze the impact of balanced nutrition and other management practices. The nutrient index values worked out for major nutrients indicated that as compared to baseline values, there was slight improvement in the status of nitrogen and phosphorus in all the clusters but the potassium remained unchanged (Table 6). This shows that soil potassium reserve has depleted a lot in the area and so, its careful management is required.
36
Saplings of multi purpose trees ready for transportation to clusters for planting.
Table 6. Status of Fertility index of soil in three clusters during the project period S. No.
Name of Cluster
(%) Status Baseline value (2009-10) At the end of the project (2013-14)N P K N P K
1 Cluster IMyorepur, Sonbhadra(220 )*
Low 100 82.73 0.00 100 61.37 0.00Medium 0.00 17.27 100 0 38.37 100High 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Total 100 100 100 100 100 100Nutrient Index 1.00 1.17 2.00 1.00 1.38 2.00Rating Low Low Medium Low Low Medium
2 Cluster IIPahari, Mirzapur(360 )*
Low 99.50 18.06 0 76.39 11.67 0.00Medium 0.05 81.94 100 23.61 77.78 100High 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 10.55 0.00Total 100 100 100 100 100 100Nutrient Index 1.05 1.82 2.00 1.24 1.99 2.00Rating Low Medium Medium Low Medium Medium
3 Cluster IIIMadihan, Mirzapur(390 )*
Low 88.46 42.31 0.00 73.07 37.10 0.00Medium 11.54 57.69 100 26.93 62.82 100High 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00Total 100 100 100 100 100 100Nutrient Index 1.14 1.58 2.00 1.26 1.78 2.00Rating Low Medium Medium Low Medium Medium
*Figure in parentheses show the number of samples analyzed.5.1.3 Improving the productivity of livestock5.1.3.1 Breed improvement of local goats
The area being mostly rainfed dominated by marginal and small farmers with good forest cover particularly in Sonbhadra, goat rearing is common in the area. However, the local breed available to the farmers is not productive both in terms of milk as well as meat. Therefore, with the view to improve the productivity of local nondescript goats by improving the breeds through Barberi bucks, 25 bucks obtained from CIRG, Mathura were distributed among the beneficiary farmers having 5 to 7 goats during 2009-10. Goat rearing is more prevalent in Sonbhadra, so even being small cluster in terms of number of village and households, 9 bucks were provided in cluster I. Rests of the 16 bucks were equally distributed in cluster II and III. Farm households having the possession of Barberi bucks contributed one third of the price to sustainable fund and it was made sure that they will provide the service of bucks on nominal charge of Rs 5 to 10 to other non recipient family.
Data presented in Table 11 indicate that during four years period (2009-10 to 2013-14) 172 kids of improved breed i.e. Barberi cross bred were produced. This could be attributed to shorter gestation period and more number of kids/kidding. Cluster I had the maximum number of 76 kids followed by Cluster II (54) and cluster III (42). This shows the better adaptation of Barberi bucks in Sonbhadra. Improved cross bred goats in all the clusters recorded over 140% enhancement of milk productivity as compared to respective baseline value with overall average of 163%.
37
Table 11: Effect of improved breeding of local goats through Barberi bucks on the yield of improved cross breed and household income.
Item Cluster I Cluster II Cluster III Total/ MeanDistribution of Barberi bucks 9 8 8 25No. of Households 9 8 8 25Improved kids Produced (No.) 76 54 42 172*Milk yield (l/day): BLV** 0.16 0.13 0.18 0.16Milk yield (l/day): Improved breed 0.40 0.41 0.44 0.42Body weight of 1 year old male (kg): BLV 11.2 11.9 11.3 11.5Body weight of 1 year old male (kg): Improved breed 13.9 14.6 14.8 14.4Increased household income over BLV (Rs/HH) 3476 3208 3042 3242
*Includes kids produced by the goats of non recipient households. **Baseline value
38
One year old bucks obtained from CIRG, Mathura for breed improvement of local
goats.
Kids produced out of improved breeding in cluster I.
Improved breed of goats maintained by a farm household in cluster II
Similarly, good improvement in the body weight of one year old male was noticed. As compared to baseline value of one year old local buck, improved breed of the same age registered 24.1%, 22.7% and 30.9% higher body weight in cluster I, II and III, respectively. Through the improvement in both milk and meat productivity of ‘Barberi cross bred’ improved herd, the household income increased by Rs 3476/-, Rs 3208/- and Rs 3042/- in cluster I, II and III, respectively. This shows that this dual purpose Barberi buck is effective in enhancing the income of farm households rearing goats in Vindhyan region.
Vindhyan region.
One of the very interesting observation is that the tribal people of cluster I in Sonbhadra started giving improved Barberi cross breed goats as special gift to brides in marriages. This is helping in the dissemination of improved breed to distant places beyond the cluster.
5.1.3.2 Improved feeding and animal health careThirty households in each village were selected for the support of de-worming and mineral
mixture to their cattle. During 2009-10 and 2010-11 animal health camps were organized in each cluster by involving veterinary Doctors to solve animal health problems. This accompanied with improved feeding and the provision of green fodder, improved the milk yield of cow from 1.41 to 1.89 l/day and that of buffalo from 1.79 to 2.65 l/day (Table 12). The annual household income through de-worming, mineral mixture support and green fodder to cattle was enhanced from Rs 8305/- to Rs 11253/- per year recording an increase of Rs 2948/year.
Table 12: Effect of health care and mineral mixture on the milk yield of cattle and household income.
Cattle Milk yield (l/day)Cluster I Cluster II Cluster III Average
BLV Improved BLV Improved BLV Improved BLV ImprovedCow 1.0 1.47 1.59 2.05 1.64 2.17 1.41 1.89Buffalo - - 1.73 2.55 1.85 2.75 1.79 2.52HH income
6700 8074 8293 12272 9923 13412 8305 11253
39
Dr S.N. Singh, Former Chief Veterinary Officer, U.P. Govt. giving animal health related advice to the farmers of cluster II, Pahari, Mirzapur.
Prof. R.K. Pandey, Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, B.H.U. presenting a packet of mineral mixture to a beneficiary in a ‘animal health camp’ organized in cluster
5.1.3.3 Introduction of improved poultry breed
With the view to promote the backyard poultry, 1500 chicks of ‘Nirbheek’ were purchased from Central Avian Research Institute, Barielly and reared at the lead centre (B.H.U.) up to eight weeks for distribution among the marginal and landless farmers. As there was some mortality, 130 farm household in three clusters were given 10 birds/household (Table 13). Nirbheek adapted well to the conditions of Vindhyan region. As compared to 42 eggs/year of local breed, ‘Nirbheek’ laid 98 eggs/year that means the improved breed out yielded the local by 133%. Moreover, 10 months old cock of Nirbheek gained 35.4% higher body weight than local. As compared to local, the dual benefit of Nirbheek led to enhanced household income of Rs 1985, Rs 2325 and Rs 2115 per year in cluster I, II and III, respectively with the average of Rs 2142 across the clusters. Therefore, the simple intervention of improved backyard poultry breed can help in attaining nutritional as well as economic security in the area. Table 13: Effect of improved breed of backyard poultry ‘Nirbheek’ on productivity and household income.
Item Cluster I Cluster II Cluster III Total MeanDistribution of birds (8 weeks old Nirbheek) 490 420 390 1300 -No. of Households 49 42 39 130 -Egg Production(No./year): Local (BLV) 44 41 40 - 42Egg Production(No./year): Nirbheek 92 104 98 - 98 Body weight 10 months bird (kg): Local 2.3 2.1 2.4 - 2.3 Body weight 10 months bird (kg): Nirbheek 3.25 2.9 3.1 - 3.1Household income: Local 2690 2390 2620Household income: Nirbheek 4675 4715 4735Enhanced Household income through Nirbheek over local (Rs/HH) 1985 2325 2115
- 2142
*Baseline value
40
Introduction of improved breed of backyard poultry ‘Nirbheek’ has enhanced the egg and meat production.
Table 14 : Recommended livelihood models for Mirzapur and Sonbhadra of Vindhyan region.
District & ModelSuitability
TargetTotal number of Household
covered
Total Area covered (ha)
Net return
/HH/ yearSonbhadraCrop (0.7 ha) + goats (5+1) + poultry (10)Maize-gram 0.3 haDSR-mustard 0.2 haBlack gram-barley 0.2 ha
Marginal Farmer Rainfed 25
15 10.5 39438
Crop (1.2 ha) + goat (5+1) + poultry (10)Maize-gram 0.5 haDRS-mustard 0.3 haSesamum-Field pea 0.2 haBlack gram-barley 0.2 ha
Small FarmerNear
Water Harvesting Bund
2012 14.4 48667
Crop (1.2 ha) + goat (5+1) + poultry (10)Maize-gram 0.5 haDRS-mustard 0.3 haBlack gram-barley 0.3 haLady's Finger-Veg pea 0.1 ha
Small FarmerNear
Check dam25 10 12.0 59106
MirzapurCrop (1.15) + vegetables (0.25) + dairy (3 cows)Rice-wheat 0.6 haRice-mustard-green gram 0.25Pigeon pea-sudan fodder 0.2 haBottle gourd/pumpkin-veg pea-Okra 0.25 haSudan fodder-Berseem 0.1 ha
Small Farmerwith assured
irrigation25
13 15.6 157737
Crop (0.7 ha) + goats (5) + poultry (10)DSR-gram 0.3 haPearl millet-mustard 0.2 haBlack gram-barley 0.2 ha
Marginal Farmer Rainfed
25 10 7.0 51769
Crop (1.4 ha) + dairy (2 cows)DSR-gram 0.5 haPearl millet-mustard 0.3 haBlack gram-barley 0.4 haPigeon pea 0.1 haSudan fodder-veg pea 0.1 ha
Small FarmerNear
Water Harvesting Bund
25 10 14.0 68383
Crop (1.15 ha) + vegetables (0.25 ha)+ Dairy (3 cows)DSR-wheat 0.6 haPearl millet-mustard 0.25 haPigeon pea 0.2 haBottle gourd/pumpkin-veg pea 0.25 haSudan fodder-Berseem 0.1 ha
Small FarmerNear
Check da25
10 14.0 105438
41
5.1.4 Recommended livelihood model:Based on the project interventions, water availability, average land holdings and resource condition,
livelihood models were developed separately for the two districts of Vindhyan region under the under the project (Table 14 ). Livelihood models based on 20 to 25 farm households were developed for marginal rainfed as well as small farmers near water harvesting bunds and check dams for both Sonbhadra (Cluster I) and Mirzapur (Clutser II & III) districts. In addition to this, livelihood model was also developed for the small farmers of Mirzapur having assured irrigation facility. Under each situation, the household income was found to be considerably higher than the average baseline household income of respective clusters. By adopting crop (0.7 ha) + goat (5+1) + backyard poultry (10), farm households of Mirzapur and Sonbhadra can earn household income of Rs 51,769 and 39438, respectively. The models developed for small farmers near neck dam recorded Rs 37,055 and Rs 10,442 higher household income than those near water harvesting binds. In Mirzapur and Sonbhadra, respectively. The inter-cluster differences could be due to variations in water availability as well as the crops grown in different clusters and the market. However, the model comprising Crop (1.15 ha) + Vegetables (0.25 ha) + Dairy (3 cows) developed for small farm household of Mirzapur with assured irrigation ensured household income of Rs 1,57,737 per year.5.1.5 Capacity building of rural youth and women 5.1.5.1 Trainings
During the project period, trainings on various aspects were organized by the lead centre ‘Banaras Hindu University’ involving the resource persons from B.H.U., IIVR, RGSC, Mirzapur, personnel from State Department of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, NDRI, Karnal, PDFSR, Modipuram and other organizations.
42
B
Views of the farmers training on crop production in cluster II (A), Candle making in cluster III (B), Soil & Water conservation in cluster I (C) and Direct seeded rice at B.H.U. (D).
A
C DC D
Trainings were arranged at B.H.U. as well in all the clusters. Participation of rural youth and farm women was ensured in the trainings. In all 19 trainings were conducted involving 1893 trainees (Item 12)5.1.5.2 Exposure trip
With a view to get the farmers acquainted with the recent development in agriculture , the modern techniques and research, four exposure trips to B.H.U., Varanasi and inter cluster visits as well as five trips to B.H.U. and R.G.S.C., Mirzapur for ‘Farmers’ fair’ were arranged by the lead Centre. These visits were other than their trips for participation in various trainings. During the entire project period, 1191 farmers including farm women and youth took part in exposure trips and farmers’ fair. To most of the farmers, it was entirely a new experience as many of them left their village for the first time to a distant place like Varanasi. The distance from the project area in Sonbhadra (Cluster I) to B.H.U. is 225 km. One of the interesting features of the farmers’ fair trip was that every year, at least two farmer/farm women from each cluster were honored for their good performance in the adoption of NAIP technology.
Fifty self help groups were formed of which 40 are functioning. In addition to these 16 farmers club were linked with NABARD and one E-Kiosk (Gramin Gyan Kendra) was established in collaboration with. Media Lab. Asia, Ministry of Communication and Information, New Delhi and BLVESS, Mirzapur.
43
Farmers visiting Agricultural Research Farm and Farmers’ fair at B.H.U.
5.2 Consortium partner: Indian Institute of Vegetable Research 5.2.1 Increasing the productivity of vegetables in the area5.2.1.1 Introduction of improved vegetable varieties and field demonstrations on improved
vegetable cultivation techniques.
Quality seed plays an important role in realizing high and remunerative yield of vegetables. As the yield of vegetable crops in all the three clusters of the sub project were low particularly in cluster I, quality seeds of 30 improved varieties of vegetables were introduced and demonstrated to the farmers during the project period in different growing seasons (Appendix 3). A new vegetable for the area i.e., French bean was also introduced which the farmers of these locale never grew before. Similarly, cultivation of onion in rainy season, entirely a new concept in the area was also demonstrated and is gaining popularity among the farmers.
A total of 569 demonstrations on improved varieties with efficient production technology were conducted on farmers’ field in all the three seasons during 2008-09 to 2012-13. The improved varieties of vegetables and efficient production technology mostly developed by IIVR have been found highly successful and attracted the farmers for commercial vegetable growing. 5.2.1.2 Commercial growing for improved vegetable cultivation
The farmers were motivated for commercial vegetable growing in the project area particularly in cluster II and Cluster III. Impressed by the performance of improved varieties and production technology demonstrated under field demonstrations, the area under commercial vegetable has enhanced considerably from 57.3 to 87.8 ha. In all, 378 beneficiary farmers came forward for the adoption of improved varieties and production technology. The increased productivity of vegetables was recorded from 16.7% (sponge gourd) to 42% (vegetable pea) and this resulted in enhanced net return of Rs10298 to 34703 per hectare from commercial vegetable growing as compared to the traditional practice (Table 15). At household level, the average income of commercial vegetable growers using improved varieties and technology was Rs 59,695/- per year/household which was Rs 20,090/- higher than control that was equivalent to 50.7%.
44
Crop of Sponge gourd var. IVSG-I in Cluster-II
Sorting & grading of tomato variety Kashi Vishesh produced in Cluster-III
Table 15. Effect of improved varieties and production technology of commercial vegetable growing on the productivity, net return and household income.
Parameters Crop Traditional practice
Improved practice
Increase over
traditional practice
% Increase over
traditional practice
Productivity (q/ha) Brinjal 345 408 63 18.3Bottle gourd 265 368 103 38.9
Sponge gourd 90 105 15 16.7Bitter gourd 87.5 115 27.5 31.4
Lady’s Finger 98 136 38 38.8Cowpea 110 144 34 30.9Pumpkin 285 352 67 23.5
Cucumber 222 273 51 23.0Pea 69 98 29 42.0
Net return (Rs/ha) - 35312 to75165
45610 to109868
10298 to34703
29.2 to46.2
Household income (Rs/HH)
-39605 59695 20090 50.7
*Observations based on 50 farm households in each category.
5.2.1.3 Bower system of cucurbits cultivation during rainy season
In Mirzapur district of Vindhyan region, majority of farmers grow cucurbitaceous vegetables, especially in rainy season. Varanasi city is close to cluster II and III of the project and there is good demand of green vegetables in the market particularly in rainy season when the supply is restricted. In case of heavy rain most often the cucurbit fields are damaged due to flooding and improper stacking. With the view to give physical support to the cucurbits, bower system was introduced in the area and very promising results have been obtained. Bower system of cultivation is a technology through which farmers can easily produce quality cucurbits with high yield. This system comprises of training vines of
45
A lush crop of Cowpea var. Kashi Kanchan in Cluster-III
Vegetable pea ‘Kashi Udai’ is ready for the market in Cluster-II.
the plants over a trellis made up, preferably of iron poles or bamboos, sticks etc. to give physical support to the profuse vegetative growth. Training plants on bower helps to tap sunlight more effectively and thus enhances fruit yield. If support is not provided, the cucurbits vines and fruits come in contact with soil which is often wet in rainy season resulting in rotting and discoloration of fruits as well as warped shape fruits that fetch lower returns. Keeping this view in mind the technology to train bottle gourd on bower system was demonstrated. Use of ‘bower system’ in the cultivation of cucurbits viz. bottle gourd and bitter gourd during rainy season was found highly productive and profitable. Specifications:MS Angle 50 x 50 x 6 mm, 240 cm length with 37.5 cm wide wire hanger at the top having holes for wire fixing are laid straight keeping 200 cm above the ground at a spacing of 4 m x 3 m. Top of the iron poles are connected all around through 3 mm G.I. wire. Finally, Cotton, jute or preferably nylon threads are use to form the net at the top. The installation cost comes to around Rs 3,42,000/ha.This system was provided initially to 10 farm households in two clusters covering 2.8 ha area. Impressed by its good performance, 21 more farmers adopted this technology and the area enhanced to 11.6 ha. Bower system has enhanced the average yield of bottle gourd and bitter gourd by 62.6 and 65.7 percent, respectively and that of the house hold income by 46.1% i.e. Rs 9,250 /year/household (Table 16).Table 16. Effect of bower system of cucurbits cultivation on yield and Net return.
Parameters Crop Traditional practice
Improved practice(Bower
system)*
Increase over
traditional practice
% Increase over
traditional practice
Productivity (q/ha) Bottle gourd 265 431 166 62.6
Bitter gourd 87.5 145 57.5 65.7
Net return (Rs/ha) Bottle gourd 60460 90140 29680 49.1
Bitter gourd 72165 105315 33150 45.9
Net return (Rs/HH)* 20,042 29292 9250 46.1*Observations based on 31 farm households using bower system.
46
Bottle gourd cultivation by Bower system in cluster III, Madihan (left) and cluster II, Pahari (right) of Mirzapur.
5.2.1.4 Protected StructuresWith a view to facilitate the nursery raising of cucurbits viz. muskmelon and bottle gourd in
cold months of January or even in December, four polyhouse were installed in different clusters and the farmers were trained on its use. This enabled farmers to fetch higher market price for their produce due to early arrival of the produce in the market. Besides, this also served as a protected structure for the nurseries of different rainy season vegetables like tomato, chilli, brinjal and Cole crops which otherwise often get damaged due to heavy rains. A total of 14.75 ha area had been covered during 2011-12 and 2012-13 from the seedlings raised through these four polyhouses. The average net income of Rs. 22654/- per polyhouse has been realized during these two years.
5.2.1.5 Nutritional SecurityEnsuring nutritional security is one of the objectives of the sub project and the Indian Institute
of Vegetable Research was assign this duty to improve the nutrition of beneficiary households by inclusion of seasonal vegetables in their daily diet. In every cropping season thousands of kitchen garden packets were distributed absolutely free of cost among the households in all the three clusters. Each such packet consists of different seasonal vegetable seeds. During the project period, a total of 16438 packets were distributed and the farmers shown good interest and attracted them for kitchen gardening. The availability of fresh vegetables for household consumption has considerably improved in the area.
5.2.1.6 Vegetable seed productionUse of quality seeds is the key to success of vegetable production. However, the seed price is high
and beyond the reach of common farmers specially the resource poor farmers of Vindhyan region. By producing the truthful level seeds in the village itself, the seed cost can be minimized and quality seeds can be disseminated even in the adjoining areas. Moreover, this provides opportunity to the farmers going for seed production to earn more profit and helps in the employment generation as well. Vegetable seed production programme was initiated in 2009-10 with cowpea variety Kashi Kanchan, Bottle gourd var. Pant Lauki-1, Pumpkin var. Kashi Harit, vegetable pea var. K. Uday & K. Mukti and French bean var. Swarna Priya. In all 52 farmers were involved in seed production involving 23 farmers in cluster II and 29 in cluster
47
Timely planted cabbage through seedlings raised using polyhouse in Cluster III.
Dr Neeraj Singh distributing saplings for nutritional garden in Cluster III.
III. The total quantity of seeds produced was 103 q comprising 6.78, 2.11, 1.29, 88.16 and 4.65 quintal seed of cowpea, bottle gourd, pumpkin, vegetable pea nad French bean, respectively.
5.2.1.7 Capacity building Five trainings of farmers, rural youth and farm women were conducted on different aspects of
commercial vegetable production and protection techniques and allied activities viz. quality seed production and nursery raising techniques. In addition to this one field day and one exposure visit were organized during the project period. In all 547 individuals were benefited. Details of training and exposure visit are given in Table 17.Table-17: Training and exposure visits organized by IIVR
S.No. Date Subject No. of farmers
1. 22/08/2009 Training on vegetable production technology and plant protection. 952. 16/10/2009 Training on nursery raising techniques 1253. 03/12/2009 Exposure Visit 184. 30/01/2010 Farmers’ fair at IIVR 655. 30/10/2012 Training on seed production technology of vegetable pea in cluster II. 246. 26/02/2013 Field Day on seed production of vegetable pea in cluster II. 987. 7-9/03/2013 Training on Growing vegetables for nutritional security 698. 6-7/03/2014 Commercial Vegetable Production and Protection 53
Total 547
48
Seeds of vegetable pea variety Kashi Udai produced in cluster III.
Seed crop of cowpea variety Kashi Kanchn in cluster II
Farmers training in cluster I (Left) Field Day on Seed Production crop of Kashi Udai (vegetable pea) in Cluster-II
5.3 Consortium partner: Surabhi Shodh Sansthan5.3.1 Breed improvement of local nondescript cow
As a component of farming system, cattle rearing is next to crop production in entire Vindhyan region and in cattle rearing, the farm households mainly go for the cow; a few farmers keep buffalo in cluster II and III. However, the breed of these milch animals available to the farmers is mostly local nondescript which are poor yielder with short lactation. With a view to improve the existing cow and buffalo breeds, artificial insemination (A.I.) was undertaken (Table 18). In all, 779 A.I. of cow was done through the semen of Holstein Friesian and Sahiwal comprising 30, 447 and 312 in cluster I, II and III, respectively. Cluster I being located in very remote area and due to the lack of transport facility, the desired number of A.I. couldn’t be achieved. The success percentage of A.I. in cluster I, II and III were 26.7, 31.1 and 29.2, respectively with overall mean of 30.6%. Out of the 177 improved breed produced, 96 were male and 81 female, of which 68 (83.9%) were reported conceived through A.I. and a few gone to calving by January 2014. Artificial insemination of 64 buffalo in cluster II and 46 in cluster III were done with the semen of Murrah (Table 18). Of the total A.I. done, 32.8% in cluster II and 30.4% in cluster III were successful. Many of the female borne have conceived under the same breed improvement programme and were at different stages of pregnancy in January 2014. Heifer calves
49
Artificial insemination of local breed of cow and improved cross breed in cluster II.
Table 18: Artificial insemination of local cows for breed improvement.
As the breed improvement of local cows was initiated first in cluster II, by January 2014, 21 improved
crossbred cows calved. Data presented in Table 19 shows marked improvement in the milk yield of improved crossbred cows as compared to the average productivity of mother cows. The increase in daily milk productivity was recorded as high as 94.2% .
Table 19 Productivity of local and improved crossbred cows.
Productivity Local nondescript Improved CrossbredMilk yield (l/Day) 3.3 6.4Increase in productivity (l/day) - 3.1Increase in productivity (%) - 94.2Data based on 21 each of local nondescript and improved crossbreds in cluster II.
5.3.2 Vaccination of cattle and goatsVaccination of cattle and goats against common the fatal diseases viz ‘foot and mouth’ and HS
(Hemorrhagic Septicaemia) was done in all the clusters during 2009-10 and 2010-11 (Table 20). For better impact of vaccination, not only the beneficiary farmers in each village but the entire village was taken. Cluster II has largest cattle population and Cluster I has maximum goat population, accordingly more number of cattle vaccinated in cluster II and that of goats in cluster I. Impact: The mortality rate of cattle and goats declined considerably in all the clusters but the impact was more pronounced in cluster I. However, the better availability of feed in cluster I, might have also contributed to the decline in mortality rate of animals. Table 20: Vaccination of cattle and goats during 2009-10 and 2010-11.
5.3.3Capacity building
Fifteen trainings on various aspects viz. integrated farming system, vermicomposting, NADEP method of compost preparation, hay and silage making and animal health care were conducted during the project period (Item 12). In all, 1304 farmers, farm women and youth participated in these trainings. Sixteen self help groups were formed of which 12 are working.
50
Artificial Insemination Cluster IMyorepur
Cluster IIPahari
Cluster IIIMadihan
Total/ Mean
CowA.I. undertaken 30 447 312 779Successful cases 8 139 91 238Success % of A.I. 26.7 31.1 29.2 30.6BuffaloA.I. undertaken - 64 46 110Successful cases - 21 14 35Success % of A.I. - 32.8 30.4 31.8
Vaccination Cluster IMyorepur,
Cluster IIPahari,
Cluster IIIMadihan,
Total/ Mean
Cattle 1750 2347 1759 5856Goats 1150 110 156 1416
5.4 Consortium partner: Banwasi Seva Ashram5.4.1 Rearing of silk worm on castor leaves
Sonbharda district in Vindhyan region has vast cover of forest with good proportion of Arjun trees. Leaves of Arjun are used by the tribal people for rearing silk worm. However, while getting leaves, they destroy trees and so the Forest Department restricts those using Arjun trees for rearing silk worm. Therefore, one of the important interventions of the project was to train the farm households in rearing of silk worms on castor leaves as an alternative to Arjun. Data presented in Table 21 show that in the year 2010, 3 farm households started rearing silk worm on castor leaves and the number rose to 22 in 2014. During the same period, the area on which the castor was planted on bunds increased from 0.50 to 4.0 ha. Similarly, the production of cocoon from worms reared on castor leaves increased from 48 kg in 2010 to 293 kg in 2014. The production cost of cocoon is less than the value of seed obtained from castor. So, whatever, cocoon is produced, it is all bonus. The average household income was Rs 2199/HH/year. Stopped
Table 21: Cocoon production on castor leaves and household income.
Year No. of household
Castor as border crop on bunds of farm
(ha)
Cocoon Production
(kg)
Net return (Rs)
Household income
(Rs/HH/year)
2010 3 0.5 48 7200 24002011 8 0.75 140 21000 26252012 12 1.75 210 31500 26252013 17 3.25 218 32700 19242014 22 4 293 43950 1998
Total/mean 62 10.25 909 136350 2199*Selling price of cocoon: Rs 150/ kg.
Constraint: In spite of the fact that castor might be a substitute of Arjun for rearing silk worm, but the processing of cocoon obtained from worms reared on castor leaves requires special skill to maintain the quality.
51
A farmer rearing silk worm on castor leaves and the cocoon produced are sun drying.
5.4.2 Capacity building
Eleven trainings of farmers, rural youth and farm women were conducted on different aspects such as formation of SHGs, vermicomposting, roasted gram flour (Sattu) making, soap & scented stick making, crop protection, grain storage, spinning of silk etc (Item 12). In all, 545 participants took part in these trainings. Moreover, with the participation of beneficiary farm households and involvement of women,18 Self help groups were formed of which 14 are working.
5.5 Overall impact of the sub-project
At the end of the project, to see the effect of various efforts made in the project for improving the livelihood of the targeted farm households, the same 990 households were assessed those surveyed for baseline study. The general observation was that all the household are now able to produce enough food grains to meet the requirement of family; otherwise, in cluster I (Sonbhadra) there were families in few villages that used to survive on mahua (Madhuca longifolia ) at least few months in a year. The household income was recorded as Rs 39,590, 73,367 and 56,070 in cluster I, II and III, respectively (Table 22). As compared to baseline value, the household income in cluster increased by 48.9%, whereas, in cluster II and III the improvements were 35.3% and 46.7%, respectively. This shows that the improvement in household income was more in less developed clusters like cluster I and III. The overall improvement in household income was 41.4%. Similarly the labour engagement was improved from 201 to 268 man days/year recording an increase of 33.6% over baseline value. Besides the beneficiaries, 583 additional farmers covering 483.9 ha area are adopting NAIP technology.
Data presented in Table 23 clearly show that almost all the committed output and outcome mentioned in the project proposal have been achieved.
52
Trainings on sattu making (left) and silk spinning from cocoon obtained from worms reared on castor leaves.
Table 22: Status of household income and manpower engagement at the closing stage of the project.Item Cluster I Cluster II Cluster III Mean
Household income (Rs/yaer/HH): BLV 26859 54241 38160 41268Household income (Rs/yaer/HH): Present 39590 73367 56070 58364Percent increase over BLV 48.9 35.3 46.9 41.4Labour engagement (Man days/year): BLV 225 201 185 201Labour engagement (Man days/year):Present 281 267 261 268Percent increase over BLV 24.8 32.8 41.0 33.6NAIP technology adoption % 100 100 100 100Horizontal expansion (ha) 56.5 175 251 483.9Vertical expansion (No. of households) 86 224 303 583
Table 23 : Committed output and outcome Vs achievements.S. No.
Output Achievements
1 Development of water harvesting structures to irrigate additional 330 ha area.
Additional 140.7 ha area has been covered.
2 Irrigation facility for additional 24% area (1245 to 1545 ha)
Irrigation facility extended to 27.9% (369.6 ha) area.
3 Adoption of improved cultivation practices by 3400 farmers i.e. 8.2% higher than the targeted farmers.
Improved cultivation practices adopted by 4256 farmers.
4 Additional cropped area through increased irrigation by 10%.
4 Increased cropping intensity by 30%. Cropping intensity increased by 36.6% (151.7 to 188.3%)
5 Use of quality seeds/seedlings/saplings and planting materials by 60% farmers of the target area.
All the beneficiaries (4256) and 583 additional farmers are using quality seeds.
6 Additional area covered under early yielding fruits and multi-purpose trees by 20% farmers of the targeted area.
Planting of 84,698 saplings of fast growing multipurpose trees was done on field bunds and waste lands with a survival percentage of 15-20%.
7 Capacity building enhancement by 50% of the farmers, rural youth and farm women of the project area.
In 53 trainings organized on various aspects, 4282 participants were trained.
Outcome1 Enhanced productivity and production of field
crops, vegetables and fruits by at least 20 %.Productivity of field crops increased from 74% (mustard) to 130% (pearl millet) and that of vegetables from 16.7%(sponge gourd) to 42% (vegetable pea).
2 Enhanced milk productivity by 30 % as against the present level of 1.41 litre/cow/day.
34% increase in milk productivity was recorded.
3 Increased meat production by 30 %. Improved breed of one year old buck weighed 25.2% higher body weight than control.
4 Enhanced profit of poultry through better-feed management by 20 %.
Improved breed and feeding enhanced household income through poultry by 83%.
5 Additional employment to individuals by 75 % (201 to 352 man days/year/HH).
Labour engagement increased by 33.6% i.e. from 201 to 268 man days/year/HH.
6 Improved household income by 30 % (Rs 41268 to Rs. 53648)
Household income increased by 41.4% (Rs 41268 to 53648/year/HH).
53
6. Innovations
6.1 Efficient water use through improvement of water conveyance system.
Availability of water for irrigation is the major constraint of agriculture in Vindhyan region. Average annual rainfall exceeds 1100 mm but the major part remains untapped and lost through surface run off. Several rivulets flow in the area, retaining water during rainy and post seasons. However, most often, the farmers fail to make efficient use of available water due to lack of water lifting pumps and quality water delivery pipes. Eight check dams and twenty five water harvesting bunds were constructed under the project to enhance the water availability for crop production. As majority of the farmers in the area are resource poor, 44 diesel engines and 25284 m HDPE water delivery pipes were distributed among the farmers groups to make the efficient use of available water. In all the three clusters 161 farmers’ group were formed and each group consisted of 10 to 15 farm households with 20 to 30 HDPE water delivery pipes of 6 m each. Each member of a farmer’s group contributed 1/3rd price for a pair of pipes i.e. roughly Rs 400/- towards sustainability fund. Therefore, just by paying Rs 400/- , a farm household had the advantage of 90 to 180 m that could be increased to 2 to 3 times by pooling 2 to 3 farmers group together. Distribution of 44 diesel pumps were undertaken in such a way that each of the 33 villages under the project got at least one diesel pump. This improved water conveyance system resulted in enhancing the area under irrigation to the extent 25.4, 111.2 and 92.3 ha in cluster I, II and III, respectively with overall improvement of 228.9 ha
Therefore, this approach helped in extending the area under winter crops by providing pre sowing irrigation to less water requiring crops viz. pulses and oilseeds. Besides this, frequency of irrigation in rabi season crops has also improved enhancing the productivity and production.
6.2 Direct seeded rice with chemical weed control under upland condition
A large area in Vindhyan region comes under dryland, where direct seeding of rice (DSR) is considered ideal since long but the heavy infestation of weeds had been the major constraint in realizing the higher yield and remunerative return. However, with the availability of suitable short duration rice varieties and effective low dose high efficiency herbicide like Bispyribac Sodium 10% SC, direct seeded rice was introduced during 2010-11 in cluster III of the sub project i.e. Madihan
54
Improved water conveyance system resulted in judicious use of available water : Cluster I (left), Cluster II (right).
block of Mirzapur. The technology was demonstrated on 30.5 ha covering 19/ households. All the demonstrations were highly successful. Field days were organized and the farmers from cluster I and II also participated in large numbers. Impressed by the performance, the technology spread at a faster rate in all the three clusters as well as in adjoining areas and in just third year of its introduction, it covered 138 ha area. Besides the project area, this technology has penetrated in neighboring districts of Ghazipur and Jaunpur.
The technology involves the use of short duration rice varieties viz. NDR 97, HUR 3022 and IDR 763 maturing in 95 to 115 days, sowing seeds@ 48 kg/ha by seed-cum-fertilizer drill/ zero till ferti drill, recommended fertilizer dose (80-40-40 kg NPK ha-1) as basal application and controlling weeds by spraying low dose high efficiency herbicide Bispyribac Sodium 10% SC @ 200 ml/ha at 18 -20 days of sowing. Farmers, not having the facility of seed-cum-fertilizer drill, can go for sowing behind the plough as it is being practiced in cluster I. The technology is so versatile that the last option is the broadcasting of seeds at proper soil tilth followed by timely weed management by spraying herbicide at right stage.
Timely application of Bispyribac completely avoids manual weeding that is a troublesome practice in direct seeded rice and expensive too. As compared to the prevalent practice of transplanting, there is tremendous labour saving in this method as it saves labour on nursery raising, field preparation/pudlling, transplanting and weeding. The labour saved on DSR could be utilized for some other gainful work in agriculture.
In comparison to transplanted rice that uses medium duration high yielding varieties and higher nutrient doses, DSR has been found to produce comparatively lower yield but due to its reduced cost of cultivation, it proved far more remunerative than transplanted rice as it registered 18.1% higher net return and 47.6% higher B:C ratio.
6. Process/ Product/Technology Developed - N.A.
(List partner-wise major Process/ Product/Technology developed and their outcome in quantifiable terms)
S. No (Process/Product/Technology Developed
Adoption/ Validation/ Commercialization, etc.
Responsible Consortium
7. Patents (Filed/Granted) - Nil
S. No Title of Patent Inventor(s) (Name & Address)
Filed/Published/Granted
(No./Date)
Responsible Consortium
55
56
8. Collaborations and market linkage
S. No.
Linkages developed (Name & Address of organization)
Date/Period From-To
Responsible consortium
1. Development and maintenance of water harvesting structures.
(D.P.A.P. , Mirzapur, D.P.A.P., Sonbhadraunder ministry of ‘Land Development and Water Resource’)
2009 to 2114 B.H.U.
2. Development of E-Kiosk (Gramin Gyan Kendra) in cluster III.
(Media Lab. Asia, Ministry of Communication and Information, New Delhi.)
2010 to 2014 B.H.U.
3. Sixteen farmers’ club were linked with NABARD in cluster III.
(DDM Office, V.I.P. Colony, Mirzapur)
2011-2014 B.H.U.
4. Marketing of TL seeds of field crops and vegetables.
(Kisan Ghar, Ram Katora, Varanasi)
2011-2014 B.H.U. & I.I.V.R.
9. Status on Environmental and Social Safeguard Framework
Activities Issues Anticipated level of Impacts
Mitigation Measures (Negative Impact)
Enhanced productivity of field crops and vegetables through improved varieties and efficient production technology.
Positive NegativeNutritional and economic security.
3 -
Likely adverse effect of agro-chemicals on environment.
1 Balanced use of nutrients and safe chemicals through INM and IPM.
Direct seeding of rice with chemical weed control.
Better performance of rice under dryland condition. Savings on manpower, fuel and cultivation cost.
3 - -
Construction of water harvesting structures, soil and water conservation.
Availability of water for irrigation. Checking Soil degradation and loss of soil nutrients, improved ground water recharge.
3 - -
Dispute over water use. - 1 Formation of water users’ group.
Bower system of cucurbits cultivation during rauny season.
Improved productivity and profitability from cucurbits. 3 -
Instllation is expensive. - 1
Installation cost can be rduced upto 40% by introducing one bamboo between two iron poles.
57
Artificial insemination of cattle, mineral mixture support and Vaccination
Breed improvement and enhanced productivity.
2
If exotic breed is involved, crossbred progeny is less resistant to diseases.
1 Vaccination and health care.
10. Constraints, if any and Remedial Measures Taken It was really very difficult to work in the remote area particularly in cluster I i.e. Myorepur,
Sonbhadra. It had been intricate to approach to the farmers in scattered target villages in the midst of forest with with no motorable road. The only convenient way to reach reach to the farmers and their fields would have been the motor bike. However, in spite of several requests to PIU, NAIP for providing motorbike in the project, it could not be materialized. To accomplish the work, the project staff had to move long distances on foot. That certainly reduced the efficiency.
There was no electricity in cluster I; whereas, in cluster II and III, its supply was poor and intermittent. Diesel operated machinery was the only answer to this problem.
Non release of the major part of the second half budget in the final yaer (2013-14) caused problems. In the interest of the project, many things were taken on credit, so these bills along with the are lying for payment.
11. Publications A. Research papers in peer reviewed journals
S. No
Authors, Title of the paper, Name of Journal, Year, Vol. & Page No.
NAAS Ratings
Responsible Consortium
1. Kushwaha S, Bohra J S, Singh S R, Kamalvanshi V, Gautam K and Varma D K. 2012. A development prospective of Rural livelihood security. Jl. of Progressive Science (ISSN: 0976 – 4933); appearing in Vol. 3, No. 1. 196-202 .
- BHU
2 Kushwaha S, Bohra J S, Prem S and Tenebe V A. Household energy management: An empirical evidences on Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Paper accepted for Management studies Journal of South Africa. 2012,Page no. 1-18
- BHU
3 Singh Neeraj, , Roy Shubhdeep, Bohra J S, Singh A Comparative Economics and Production Constraints of Leguminous Vegetables in Mirzapur district of Vindhyan Region. Vegetable Science., 2012,vol.39 (2) 153-156,
3.7 IIVR
4 Singh Neeraj, Singh B, Rai A.B., Roy S., Saha S., Tripathi A.K., and Singh A. Garden Pea harnessing high remuneration and nutritional security in Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Vegetable Science.,2012, Special issue. vol(2),199-202
3.7 IIVR
5 Singh Neeraj, Singh B., Rai A.B., Roy S., Saha S. and Singh A. Vegetables for Livelihood Security: A Case study in Disadvantageous area of Vindhyan Region. IRJEE, Special Issue (Volume-II), 2012 Page no. 199-202
3.5 IIVR
58
B Books/ Book chapters/ Abstracts/ Popular articles, Brochures, etc.
S. No Authors, Title of the papers Name of Book/ Seminar/ Proceedings/Journal, Publisher, Year,
Page No.
Responsible Consortium
1 Bohra J S, Kushwaha S, Neeraj Singh, Shobhit Singh, A K Tripathi, Anupam Singh, Pankaj Mishra, S K Singh, S R Singh, R P Singh and Ravi Pratap Singh: NRM strategies for livelihood security in disadvantaged area of Vidhyan region in Eastern Uttar Pradesh paper presented in National Seminar in Nagpur (2012)
BHU
2 Bohra, J.S., Singh, S.R., Kushwaha, S., Upadhyay, A.K., Singh, S., Tripathi, A.K., Singh, A. and Danish, Y. Socio-economic and livelihood status of farm households in disadvantaged districts of Mirzapur and Sonbhadra in Vindhyan region. Paper presented at National Symposium on IFS at Bundelkhand University, Jhansi. (2011).
BHU
3 Bohra, J.S., Kushwaha, S., Singh, N., Singh, S., Upadhyay, A., Tripathi, A.K., Singh, A., Mishra, P., Danish, S., Singh, S.R. and Singh, R.P. Ensuring livelihood security of farm households in disadvantaged districts of Mirzapur and Sonbhadra in Vindhyam region through technological interventions. Paper presented in National Seminar at IGKV, Raipur (2012)
BHU
4 Tripathi ;A.K., Tripathi ;R., Bohra; J. S. and Vijai Krishna (2011). An approach to educate farmers towards direct seeded rice method for sustainable agriculture in Vindhyan region ,Singh S.K. and Mathur H.P.(Eds), Agribusiness and Rural Development. Suruchi Kala Prakashan, Varanasi (ISBN:978-93-81564-02-8).pp.30-39. Book chapter
BHU
5 Tripathi ; A. K., Bohra ; J. S., Singh ;M. K ., Singh ; A., Singh ; S. and Mishra;P.K.(2012). Garden Pea: A lucrative enterprise for farmers of Mirzapur in Vindhyan region. Agriculture Education Research And Extension in India, 146-147, ISBN-978-81-921360-5-9. Book Chapter
BHU
6 foa/; {ks= esa y?kq rFkk lhekUr d`"kdksa dh vkthfodk lqj{kk gsrq lQy iz;klA Mk- Mh- ,u- f=ikBhA lqjfHk if=dk] flrEcj 2012] ist 26&27A
SSS
7 Lo;a lgk;rk lewWgksa }kjk d`"kdksa dh vkthfodk esa mYys[kuh; lq/kkjA Mk- Mh- ,u- f=ikBhA lqjfHk if=dk] flrEcj 2012] ist 26&27A
SSS
8 QkSyknh /kjrh ij cuk;h jkstxkj dh jkgA ch-,p-;w- ds d`f"k oSKkfudksa dh ;kstuk ls feys lkFkZd ifj.kkeA nSfud lekpkj i= *vej mtkyk*] eq[; i`"B] 1 vDVwcj 2012A
SSS
59
12. Media Products Developed/Disseminated
S. No CD, Bulletins, Brochures, etc. (Year wise) No. of copies
Distribution Responsible Consortium
1 Vindhya region towards development 50 30 BHU2 foa/; {ks= fodkl dh vksj 50 30 BHU3 lfCt;ksa esa flapkbZ izcU/ku 100 100 IIVR4 nyguh lfCt;ksa esa dhV ,oa
jksx izcU/ku100 100 IIVR
5 yksfc;k cht mRiknu rduhd 100 100 IIVR6 lCth eVj cht mRiknu rduhd 100 100 IIVR7 ,d o"khZ; lgtu dh mUur [ksrh 100 100 IIVR8 feV~Vh dh moZjrk 'kfDr ,oa
mRikndrk ds fy, gjh [kkn100 100 IIVR
9 /kku dh lh/kh cqokbZ 300 300 BHU10 dqDdqV dh fuHkhZd iztkfr 100 100 BHU11 lQsn cVu e'k:e dk mRiknu 100 100 BHU12 VªkbdksMekZ dYpj dh iz;ksx
fof/k 100 100 BHU
13 tkSa dh [ksrh 100 100 BHU14 rksfj;k dh [ksrh 100 100 BHU15 cjlhe dh [ksrh 100 100 BHU16 ljlksa dh [ksrh 100 100 BHU17 puk dh [ksrh 100 100 BHU18 eVj dh [ksrh 100 100 BHU19 xsg¡w esa [kjirokjksa dk
izcU/ku100 100 BHU
20 elwj dh [ksrh 100 100 BHU21 xk; esa enpdz rFkk lEcfU/kr
izfrfdz;k,a100 100 BHU
22 xsagw¡ dh [ksrh 100 100 BHU23 fofHkUu vk;q dh eqfxZ;ksa ds
fy, vkgkj feJ.k dk laxBu100 100 BHU
24 nqX/k mRikn 100 100 BHU25 i'kqikyu ds rhu LrEHk 100 100 BHU26 i'kqvksa ds vkgkj lEcU/kh
vko';drk,a rFkk jk'ku cukus ds fu;e
100 100 BHU
27 o"kZ Hkj miyC/k lw[ks o gjs pkjs dh rkfydk
100 100 BHU
60
28 i'kqvksa dks [kqjSjk djuk 100 100 BHU29 vjgj] cktjk@Tokj dh lg&Qlyh
[ksrh100 100 BHU
30 vjgj] mnZ@ewax dh lg&Qlyh [ksrh
100 100 BHU
13. Meetings/Seminars/Trainings/Kisan Mela, etc. organized S. No
Details of Meetings/Seminars/Trainings, etc.
Duration(From-To)
No. of Personnel
trained
Budget(Lakh Rs.)
Organizer (Name & Address)
1. Training on Grafting Techniques August 2008 11 1.87751 BHU
2 Farmers visit to BHU 29-30 /1 / 2009 115 BHU
3 Farmers’ Fair BHU 28 /02 / 2009 173 BHU
4 Training on Soil and water conservation at Pahari 18 March,2009 134 BHU
5 Training on Crop production at Pahari 19 March,2009 155 BHU
6 Training on Soil and water conservation at Myorepur, 22 March,2009 166 BHU
7 Training on Crop production at Myorepur, 23 March,2009 135 BHU
8 Training on Soil and water conservation at Madihan 28 March,2009 146 BHU
9 Training on Crop production at Madihan 29 March,2009 172 BHU
11 Orientation Workshop 14 / 06 /2009 55 2.66767 BHU
12 Training on Rejuvenation of orchard at Madihan 25.06.2009 50
BHU
13 Training on Rejuvenation of orchard at Pahari 26.06.2009 45
BHU
14 Training on Rejuvenation of orchard at Pahari 27.06.2009 41
BHU
15 Farmers visit BHU & poultry training
13 /09 / 2009 151 BHU
16 Farmers Training on Balanced feeding, animals health care and
use of Mineral mixture
21.11.2009 120 BHU
17 Training on animal health care 10/02/2010 200 BHU
18 2nd Annual work review workshop 29/01/2010 100 BHU
19 Training on Fruit preservation at BHU
13/02/2010 34 BHU
61
20 Farmers fair 18-19 /03 / 2010
146 BHU
21 Livestock management & food preservation at Madihan
23- 24/03/ 10 103 BHU
22 Consortium partner’s meeting 26.04.2010 07 1.51519 BHU
24 Consortium partners’ meeting 16.06.2010 16 BHU
25 Partners’ Meeting 18.06.2010 13 BHU
28 Candle and chalk making at Madihan
20-09-10 to 22-09-10
63 BHU
30 Candle and chalk making at Madihan
23-09-10 to 25-09-1
63 BHU
31 Farmers’ Fair 13 & 14-02-2011
165 BHU
34 3rd annual Review Workshop. 14-02-2011 78 BHU
36 Training on Artificial Insemination 15 & 16.03.2011
22 BHU
37 Field day on Direct seeded rice 09.10-2011 178 0.75 BHU
38 Partners Meeting 07/04/2012 16 0.99370 BHU
39 Kishan Mela Jaunpur 20/05/2012 3 BHU
40 Training on DSR at BHU 25/06/2012 80 BHU42 Partner Meeting and visit Pahari
and Madihan16/08/2012 20 BHU
43 Training on agro-technique and Field Day at Myorepur
18/08/2012 70 BHU
44 National Director And National Coordinator visit, NAIP at Padri,
Madihan and Myorepur
16-17/09/2012 67 BHU
45 Field Day on DSR at Madihan 12/10/2012 200 BHU
46 Field Day on DSR at Myorepur 26/10/2012 108 BHU
47 Field day on mustard at Madihan, Mirzapur
10/03/2013 83 BHU
48 Annual Review Workshop of NAIP, Component 3.
15-16/03/2013 78 BHU
49 Farmers fair (BHU) 4-5/04/2013 100 0.44100 lakhs
BHU50 Trainning on DSR 27/06/13 76 BHU
51 Field dayDr Gangwar visit padari
30/06/2013 46 BHU
62
BSA
1 Training on village committee and project.
05.01.2009 43 65,137 BSA
2 Training on Sattu making. 19.01.2009 30 BSA3 Field visit of Padari 29.01.2009 60 BSA
4 Farmer’s Camp 23-24.02.2009 100 BSA
5 Exposer visit 27.02.2009 45 BSA
6 Exposer Visit to BHU 28.03.2009 63 BSA
7 Training on Soap & scented stick making
05.07.2009 25 98,962
8 Farmer meeting 05.07.2009 125
9 Training on Self Help Group 18.08.2009 35 BSA
10 Training on Vermicompost 02.02.2010 02 BSA
11 Farmers training on Crop protection
18-19.02.2010 160 BSA
12 Exposer visit to BHU 08-09.03.2010 60 BSA
13 Farmer’s training grain storage 22-23.03.2010 100 BSA
14 Training on sieving 20-30.06.2010 08 60,115 BSA15 Training on Chalk & Candle
making20.09.2010 12 BSA
16 Farmer’s meeting 18-19.12.2010 125 BSA17 Training on Cocoon threading 30.12.2010 02 BSA
18 Exposer visit to BHU 12.02.2011 40 BSA
19 Farmer’s orientation 15.03.2011 43 BSA20 Training on compost 18.09.2011 65 79,545 BSA
21 Farmer’s training on agriculture
09-10.12.2011 75 BSA
22 Farmer meeting on calculation of Rabi crop
08.09.2012 40 21,049 BSA
23 Farmer camp on use of insecticide
31.12.2012 61 BSA
24 Farmer’s meeting on food grain storage
20.02.2013 60 BSA
IIVR
1 Training on production technology and plant protection
22/08/09 95 39,500 IIVR
2 Training on nursery raising techniques
16/10/09 125 IIVR
3 Exposure Visit 3/12/2009 18 IIVR
63
4 IIVR Farmers’ Fair 30.01.2010 65 IIVR
5 Training on seed production technology of vegetable pea in cluster II.
30.10.2012 24
6 Field Day on seed production of garden pea at Padari
26/02/2013 98 IIVR
7 Training on Growing vegetables for nutritional security
9/03/2013 69
6- Commercial Vegetable Production and Protection
7/03/2014 53
SSS1 Training on Integrated
Farming System09-11.11.08 105 1,50,025 SSS
2 Training on Soil Water Conservation
17-19.11.08 50 SSS
3 Preparation of Organic Manure
21-23.11.08 50 SSS
4 Preparation of Organic Manure
29-30.12.08 110 SSS
5 Preparation of Organic Manure
03-05.01.09 50 SSS
6 Preparation of Organic Manure
15-17.01.09 50 SSS
7 Training on Soil Water Conservation
22-24.02.09 60 SSS
8 Training on Integrated Farming System
06-08.03.09 60 SSS
9 Animal husbandry, Silage –Hay Making
15-16.03.09 60 SSS
10 Training on Soil Water Conservation
12-14.09.09 160 SSS
11 Training on Integrated Farming System
24-26.09.09 130 SSS
13 Farmers’ Meeting 28.01.2010 90 SSS14 Farmers’ Meeting 10.02.2010 88 SSS15 Training on Soil Water
Conservation21-22.03.2010 100 SSS
16 Training on Integrated Farming System
28-29.03.2010 100 SSS
17 Training on Integrated Farming System
18.06.2010 139 SSS
18 Farmers’ Meeting on SHG 28-30.06.2010 75 SSS
19 Preparation of Organic Manure
08-09.12.10 80 SSS
20 Farmers’ Meeting 19.10.2011 95 SSS
64
21 Farmers’ Meeting 09.12.2011 117 SSS
22 Farmers’ Meeting 18.01.2012 98 SSS
23 Farmers’ Meeting on SHG 09.03.2012 106 SSS
24 Field Day 20.09.2012 137 SSS25 SHG Meeting 14.10.2012 85 SSS
26 Field day 26.03.2013 94 SSS
14. Participation in Conference/ Meetings/Trainings/ Radio talks, etc.
S. No Details of Meetings/Seminars/
Trainings/Radio talk, etc.(Name &Address)
Duration(From-To)
Budget(Rs.)
Participant (Name & Address)
1
Mid Term Review of NAIP, New Delhi.
May 21-22, 2010 25,000/-
Dr. J. S. BohraPI (NAIP),Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University.
2 National Conference Raipur
20-21.01.2012 18,617 Dr. J. S. BohraPI (NAIP),Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University.
3 Annual Work Review Workshop of NAIP to
be held at BCKV, Kalyani, W.B.
15-16 March, 2012 38,136 Dr. J. S. Bohra, Dr. Saket Kushwaha and Dr. S.K. SinghDepartment of Agronomy, I.Ag. Sc. BHU
4 Cost Committee meeting to be held in
New Delhi.
26th march, 2012 18617 Dr. J. S. Bohra, Dr. Saket Kushwaha and Dr. S.K. SinghDepartment of Agronomy, I.Ag. Sc. BHU
5 First meeting of Committee of Chief Minister of BGREI
states, Kolkata W.B.
26th September, 2012
29,260 Dr. J. S. BohraPI (NAIP),Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu
65
University.6 National Workshop on
‘Natural Resources Management’ in
Backward Districts of India, Nagpur
21-22 February, 2012
37,336 Dr. J. S. BohraPI (NAIP),Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University.
7 Cross cutting workshop of NAIP,
BAIF, Pune
12-13 September, 2013
39913 Dr. J. S. Bohra Dr. S. Kushwaha, Department of Agronomy & Department of Agricultural Economics, I. Ag. Sc. BHU.
8 Workshop of NAIP sub – project in New
Delhi.
3-4 February, 2014 14942 Dr. J. S. BohraPI (NAIP),Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University.
15. Foreign Trainings/Visits: N.A.
16. Performance Indicators
S. No.
Indicator Total Numbers
1. Number of new technologies developed and introduced in the project area 62. Number of improved technologies introduced in project areas 63. Number of improved technologies adopted in these areas 64. Number of farmers involved in consortia activities 42565. Increase in agriculture services and processing enterprises in project area 186. Increase in household income (Rs/year/HH). 17,09567. Number of farmer groups involved in consortia activities 2019. No. of farmers/area in addition to project beneficiary farmers adopting
introduced technologies583
9. Success stories 1210. Amount of sustainability fund corpus created (Rs. lakh) 52.4163716 Publications
NAAS rated journals 3Other journals 2BookBook Chapter 2Thesis
66
Popular Article (English) Newspaper Article -Seminar/Symposium/Conference/Workshop Proceedings 4Technical Bulletin -Manual -Seminar/Symposium/Conference/Workshop Presentation 4CDs/Videos 2Popular article in other Language 2Folder/Leaflet/Handout 28Report 12
17. Employment Generation (man-days/year)
S. No.
Type of employment generation Employment generation up to end of sub-project
Responsible consortium
1 Enhanced cropping intensity due to improvement in water availability, and the use of improved crop varieties and production technology.
107174 BHU
2 Additional area brought under cultivation during winter. 3340 BHU
3Area shifted to commercial vegetable growing. 3026 BHU
18. Assets Generated
(i) Equipment
S. No.
Name of the equipment with manufacturers name, model and Sr. No.
Year of purchase
Quantity (Nos.)
Total cost (Rs.)
Responsible consortium
1 Almirah 2008-09 1 9128 BHU2 Computer Chair 2008-09 1 4991 BHU3 DSISA Table 2008-09 1 9102 BHU4 DT 201 Table 2008-09 2 10038 BHU5 Godrej Cabinet 2008-09 1 12653 BHU6 Diesel Engine 2009-10 11 389675 BHU7 HDPE PVC Pipe 2.5” 2008-09 1360 496400 BHU8 HDPE PVC Pipe 4” 2008-09 25 21875 BHU9 Sony LCD Projector 2009-10 1 78975 BHU10 Sony Video Camera 2009-10 1 56250 BHU11 Sony Digital Camera 2009-10 1 20250 BHU12 Tractor Trolley 2009-10 1 77404 BHU13 Knap sac Sprayer (ASPEE) 2009-10 35 104825 BHU14 Foot Sprayer (Maruti) 2009-10 14 66150 BHU15 Dryland Weeder , National Trade Agency 2009-10 135 76450 BHU16 Rice Hauler 2008-09 5 49000 BHU17 Rice Mill (RKE) 200809 2 199600 BHU18 Pulse mill (RKT) 2008-09 3 298500 BHU
67
19 Oil Expeller (AMAR) 2008-09 3 157200 BHU20 Drip Irrigation System 1.5 ha 2008-09 1.5 ha 502500 BHU21 Sprinkler Irrigation System (Green Bird) 2008-09 6.7 ha 2334280 BHU22 HDPE Pipes 2.5” 2009-10 2100 1169700 BHU23 HDPE Pipes 4” 2009-10 20 20820 BHU24 Almirah 2009-10 2 12600 BHU25 Diesel Engine (Kirlosker) 2009-10 9 328500 BHU26 Dryland Weeder 2009-10 150 107616 BHU27 HDPE (Sprinkler) Pipes 4.11 2009-10 20 20820 BHU28 HP Pearl on Desktop 2009-10 1 34285 BHU29 HP Pavilion Desktop 2009-10 1 36237 BHU30 Digital Electronic Balance 2009-10 1 9000 BHU31 Engine Chain Saw Model No. Cy-Bt/50 2009-10 1 14900 BHU32 Zero Till drill Seed cum fertilizer 2012-13 8 319200 BHU33 Seed cum fertilizer drill 9 tines 2012-13 4 159600 BHU34 Top Pan Balance 0.1 gm to 3Kg. 2011-12 1 6924 BHU35 Autoclave (Vertical) 2010-11 1 84000 BHU36 Systronics Model 128 flame Photometer 2010-11 1 47500 BHU37 Rotatory Shaker 2011-12 1 24350 BHU38 Automatic Voltage Regulator for Capacity
5 KVA2011-12 1 4890 BHU
39 Water Bath Rectangular 300mm x100mm 2011-12 1 10200 BHU40 Dispenser Range 2011-12 1 13500 BHU41 Maganatic Stirrer 2011-12 1 5500 BHU42 Adjustable Digital Micropipate V. Range
20-200 (3111000.840)2011-12 1 15530 BHU
43 KEL Plus Automative Nitrogen analizers 2011-12 1 124500 BHU44 Block digestion system model KES 20 LR 2011-12 1 205600 BHU45 Scrubber system Model KEL 2011-12 1 66200 BHU46 Aspee Hand Sprayer 2012-13 5 13750 BHU47 Aspee Hand Sprayer 2012-13 5 13750 BHU48 Aspee Hand Sprayer 2012-13 5 13750 BHU49 Aspee Hand Sprayer 2012-13 5 13750 BHU50 Diesel Pump (Kirlosker) 2012-13 8 292000 BHU51 PVC Pipe (Tulsi) 2012-13 400 244000 BHU52 KERN 72 Precision Balance 2012-13 1 41800 BHU53 Multi Seed Drill (Hortigro) 2013-14 3 184500 BHU54 Rice Sheller & Miller 2013-14 1 175000 BHU55 Massery Fergusssion Tractor 47.7 HP 2013-14 1 557565 BHU56 Wheat/Barley Thressur 2013-14 1 110000 BHU57 M/F Rotary tiller 42 Blades Multiseed
Drill 2013-14 3 259875 BHU
IIVR1 Bower System, Interstate Enterprises, New
Delhi2008-09 3 set 10,24,764 IIVR
2 Sprinkler Set, Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., Lucknow
2008-09 6 set 8,85,783 IIVR
3 LCD Multimedia projector, Hitachi CP- 2008-09 1 Pc. 48,422 IIVR68
RM70, (Sl. No.-2)4 Computer Notebook, HCL/INFINITI
Powerlite Series (Sl. No.-8)2008-09 1 Pc. 32,985 IIVR
5 Furniture (Office table and chair) 2008-09 4 + 3 pc 51,672 IIVR6 HP Desktop Computer DC 7000 series with
TFT Monitor (Sr. No. 04), Life Computers, Varanasi
2009-10 1 Pc. 38,845 IIVR
7 Digital Copier & Multifunctional Office Machine, HCL Infosystem Ltd., Lucknow
2009-10 1 Pc 20,559 IIVR
8 Digital Camera, Sony DSCW-220, HCL Infosystems Ltd., Lucknow
2009-10 1 Pc. 15,879 IIVR
9 1 KVA Online UPS systems 2009-10 1 Pc. 21,140 IIVR10 Low cost polyhouse, RajdeepAgri Products
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi2010-11 6 Pcs. 4,49,820 IIVR
11 Ridger 3 furrow, UP State Agro Industrial Corp. Ltd., Varanasi
2010-11 2 Pcs. 23,660 IIVR
12 Bower System, Interstate Enterprises, New Delhi
2008-09 3 set 10,24,764 IIVR
13 Sprinkler Set, Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., Lucknow
2008-09 6 set 8,85,783 IIVR
14 LCD Multimedia projector, Hitachi CP-RM70, (Sl. No.-2)
2008-09 1 Pc. 48,422 IIVR
15 Computer Notebook, HCL/INFINITI Powerlite Series (Sl. No.-8)
2008-09 1 Pc. 32,985 IIVR
BSA1 Computer 2008-09 1 27280 BSA2 SB BAR-Saft for Atta Chakki 2009-10 1 2079 BSA3 Self Recording Rain Gaugh 2010-11 2 6480 BSA4 Solar Dryer 2010-11 1 19500 BSA5 Steel Drums 2010-11 2 4400 BSA6 Oil Machine 2009-10 1 40293 BSA7 Kirlosker 2009-10 1 32000 BSA8 Generator Set 2010-11 1 41000 BSA9 Camera 2008-09 1 12750 BSA10 DVD Player 2008-09 1 3200 BSA11 Stablizer 2010-11 1 4700 BSA12 Sony voice Recorder 2010-11 1 3800 BSA13 Silk rearing Machines 2009-10 10 75046 BSA14 Soap Making Frame 2009-10 1 1500 BSA15 Amber Spinning wheel 2009-10 5 25000 BSA16 Soap Cutting Machine & Material 2009-10 2 3689 BSA17 Iron Pan (Karahi) for soap making 2009-10 1 3395 BSA18 Counter Balance 2009-10 1 1254 BSA19 Atta Chakki (Flour Machine) 2009-10 1 set 3372 BSASSS1 Soil sampling & Processing Equipments 2008-09 03 14925 SSS2 Delivery Pipe 2008-09 33 15000 SSS3 Water Lifting Pump 2008-09 02 50775 SSS
69
4 Dairy containers 2008-09 100 177300 SSS5 Milk Analyser 2008-09 01 47250 SSS6 Weighting Machine 2009-10 01 - SSS7 Separator machine 2009-10 01 155250 SSS
(i) WorksS. No.
Particulars of the work, name and address of agency awarded the work
Year of work done
Quantity (Nos.)
Total cost (Rs.)
Responsible consortium
1 Construction of 4 check dams in cluster II and one check dam & 3 WHB in cluster III with MB and PB. BSA, DPAP Janghi Road, Mirzapur
2009 8 6683000
BHU
2 Construction of 25 WHbs and 3 check dams. BSA, DPAP Near Chandi Hotel, Robertzganj , Sonbhadra
2009 27 2429000
BHU
(ii) Revenue Generated ………Nil
(iii) Livestock
S. No. Details of livestock (Breed, etc.)
Year of procurement/production
Nos. Responsible consortium
1 Barbari Bucks 2010 25 75,000 BHU2 Nirbheek Chicks 2010 1500 15,000 BHU
19. Awards and Recognitions
S. No. Name, Designation,Address of the person
Award/ Recognition (with date)
Institution/ Society facilitating (Name & Address)
Responsible consortium
1 PI NAIP, Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi
3rd position to ‘NAIP stall’ in Farmers’ fair held on 28-29/10/2011
RGSC , BHU, Barkachcha, Mirzapur
BHU
70
20. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIP Sustainability
Village level committee and water users’ group have been formed. Sustainable fund of Rs 52, 41,637 has been generated and Fund Management committee is
being formed in each cluster. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, R.G.S.C., Mirzapur and NGOs viz. Surabhi Shodh Sansthan,
Mirzapur, Banwasi Sewa Ashram, Sonbhadra and Bharatiya Lok Vikas Evam Shodh Sansthan are agrred to act as resource centres for continued capacity building, updating technological advancement and will also facilitate procurement of quality inputs for interested farmers.
Nevertheless, B.H.U. and I.I.V.R. will keep on the technical support to KVK and NGOs.
21. Possible Future Line of Work Crop production is the prime source of livelihood in the area. Keeping in view the
deteriorating soil health, escalating input cost and declining factor productivity, efforts are required to promote ‘integrated farming system’ both under irrigated and rainfed conditions.
Breed improvement of local nondescript goats through Barberi bucks was found highly successful. To further promote the breeding programme as well as to bring in pure Barberi breed in the area, pairs of ‘male and female’ need to be introduced in the area.
Tribal life is still very hard in most parts of Sonbhadra, small implements can reduce the drudgery and improve the quality of life.
Direct seeded rice has immense potential, particularly in dryland areas, so need to be further promoted.
22. Success stories …………………. (Next page)
71
I. Truck driver turned progressive farmer
Initially, the farmers of tribal dominated area were not willing to accept improved cultivation
practices but slowly they got convinced of it. As farming was not remunerative, youth in most of the families used to work as labour in nearby industrial cities like Renukoot and Anapara to work. Mr Jagmohan 43 year old is a resident of village Pati, studied upto 8th standard in Banwasi Seva Ashram School, Sonbhadra. He started his carrier as truck driver in 1990 at the age of 20 but occasionally kept him involved in farming as he is the only son of Mr Tejbali having five acres of land. Before commencement of the NAIP sub project in 2008 Mr Tejabali used to cultivate only maize and some pulses and oilseeds. In January 2009, Mr Jagmohan attended the farmer’s orientation camp organized under the project, he was so impressed by the project objectives, input support and techniques that forced him to jump completely into farming leaving the profession of driver that he was doing for 18 years.
As per the advice of project scientists, Mr Jagmohan first of all did the bunding of his fields. He was supported by the project for sprinkler and joined the group of farmers for the use of HDPE water delivery pipes. He started the cultivation of improved and short duration varieties of maize, rice, barley, gram and mustard suited to dryland condition as well as vegetables. By adopting NAIP technology, productivity of all the crops have increased remarkably, say for example, the yield of barley has just doubled from 6 to 12 q/acre. Direct seeded rice which is a new introduction in the area yielded 12 q of rice in 1.2 acre land. During 2012-13, he earned Rs 32,000/- through vegetable cultivation in 2/3 acre of land as per the guidance of the scientists of IIVR. After meeting the household requirement of maize, wheat, barley, rice, mustard and pulses, the net income from wheat, barley and rice was Rs 28,500/-. Therefore, the total net income in a year was Rs 50,500/-
II. Direct Seeded Rice: A boon to the rainfed farmers of Vindhyan region.72
Pati area of Cluster I of NAIP sub project in Myorepur, Sonbhadra is in the midst of forest with highly undulating topography. There is one perennial stream that flows through three villages out of 12 in this cluster. However, the agriculture is mostly rainfed with only 12.8% irrigated area. Mostly mono cropping was prevalent with low crop and animal productivity. Maize. sorghum, barley, minor millets, pulses and oilseeds were the major crops and the rice was not cultivated at all. At the beginning of the project the average household income was lowest (Rs 26,859/year) among all the three clusters of the sub project
Mr Jagmohan is now a very satisfied person and keeps him engaged in agriculture all round the year because it has become more productive and remunerative. He comments that “while working as truck driver, I used to earn around Rs 10000/ month but there was no saving at all and the family was able to produce food grains just to meet household requirement; however, now the household net saving is over Rs 40,000/year and we all live together comfortably.” Mr Jagmohan showing his weed free
direct seeded rice to experts
Cluster III of the NAIP sub project belongs to Madihan block of Mirzapur district in Vindhyan region. Initially 13 villages were selected in this cluster involving 1300 farmers. The area is mainly characterized as rainfed with erratic rainfall. Therefore, the crop productivity is low with poor factor productivity.
Shri Ramraksha Dubey is a farmer of village Belhara in this cluster with 4.0 ha land holding that is totally rainfed. Before the project initiation, Shri Ramraksha Dubey used to grow only one crop in a year due to sub optimal and erratic rainfall. Owing to uncertainty of rainfall during rainy season, Mr Dubey used to cultivate pulses and oilseeds during winter season on conserved soil moisture. Convinced by performance of direct seeded rice introduced in the area through NAIP sub project he started cultivation in rainy season and sown direct seeded rice on 0.37 ha area during 2011-12 and got very encouraging result. The technology involves the use of short duration rice varieties viz. NDR 97, HUR-3022 and IDR-763 maturing in 95 to 115 days, sowing seeds@ 48 kg/ha by seed-cum-fertilizer drill/ zero till ferti drill, using 80, 50, 40 kg N, P2O5, K2O /ha dose and controlling weeds by spraying low dose high efficiency herbicide Bispyribac Sodium 10% SC @ 200 ml/ha at 18 -20 days of sowing. Mr dubey was so impressed by the technology that during 2012-13 and 2013-14, he covered 2.5 ha under DSR with rice variety NDR -97. In 2012-13, he produced 112 q of rice, otherwise, his land used to remain fallow during rainy season. Total cost involved in the production was Rs. 52,000/- and the net return was Rs. 82,400 with B:C Ratio of 1.58. Out of this bonous income, he purchased a seed cum fertilizer drill costing of Rs. 45,000/-. This will help in further help him in enhancement of his efficiency, production as well as profit.
According to Mr Dubey DSR is a gift of NAIP sub-project to dryland farmers of Vindhyan region. He has been expedient in spreading DSR technique among large number farmers in the village and surrounding areas.
Mr Ramraksha Dubey of village Belhara, Madihan, Mirzapur with his lush crop of direct seeded rice without any manual weeding and irrigation.
III. Cultivating vegetable pea rakes in good revenue.
73
Being close to the city, it was apprehended that vegetable cultivation might be profitable and during winter vegetable pea is an ideal crop under irrigation water constraint. With a view to encourage the farmers to take up vegetable pea cultivation, the consortium partner, Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi provided seeds of improved varieties and production technology developed by the Institute. In a span of four years a large number of farmers have been benefited. Mr. Sushil Kumar Bind, is one of the beneficiaries. He has nearly one hectare land with partial irrigation facility. He was given the seeds of two promising varieties of peas developed by IIVR viz. Kashi Nandini and Kashi Uday.
‘Kashi Nandini’ comes to flowering in 32 days after sowing, bears 7-8 pods per plant. The pods are 8-9 cm long and well filled with 8-9 seeds with a shelling percentage 47-48 per cent. It is tolerant to leaf miner and pod borer with a yield potential of 9-10 tonnes/ ha. The other variety ‘Kashi Uday’ is also an early maturing variety pea variety for table purpose. Plants are 58-62 cm tall, take 35-37 days to flowering, foliage dark green with short internodes and it bears 8-10 pods per plant. The pod length is 9-10 cm and is filled with 8-9 bold seeds. The shelling percentage is 48 and can yield 10-11 tons per hectare. During winter season of 2010-11, Mr Sushil Kumar Bind sown the two varieties of vegetable pea in 0.5 ha area each in the 2nd week of October. Scientists from IIVR monitored the crop frequently. Harvesting green pods was started in 2nd and 3rd week of December. He sold the produce @ Rs. 25-35 a kg in the local market. In December alone he earned Rs. 40,000 by selling 1,200 kg green pods. The production was high during January and the harvest was 3,500 kg and sold them at Rs.15-20 per kg that fetched him Rs.57,500. In February, the yield started declining and he could harvest only 1,500 kg and sold it at Rs.5-10 per kg and earned Rs.11,250.
Kashi Nandini was used only for the green pods; whereas, the other variety Kashi Udai after the first picking was left for seed production as per suggestion of the scientists, since growing a crop for seeds can be little more beneficial for the farmer in terms of income. He collected around 250 kg of pea in the form of seeds which he sold at Rs.60 per kg and earned another Rs.15,000. According to Dr. Neeraj Singh, senior scientist, Agricultural Extension this small farmer earned a gross income of Rs.1,23,750/ha by growing vegetable pea and after deducting the cost of cultivation and transportation of Rs 23,000/- his net income was about one lakh rupees in less than five months from this crop. Impressed by this performance Mr Bind is now planning to cultivate only vegetables in his land.”
74
Madihan block of Mirzapur mainly consists of small and marginal farmers. In this block, thirteen villages were selected as beneficiary villages under cluster-III of the NAIP sub project under component – 3 led by Banaras Hindu University. Crop production is the main source of livelihood in this area but it is constrained with irrigation water that leads to low cropping intensity and poor crop productivity. As agriculture is not remunerative, need of the introduction of some vital extension activities regarding production and protection technology in this area was realized.
22. Personnel
From – To Research Management (CL)
1. Prof Shiv Raj Singh 29.05.2008 to 03.04.20112. Prof Ram Pratap Singh 04.04.2011 to 31.07.20123. Prof Ravi Pratap Singh 01.08.2012 to 31.03.2014
Scientific CPI
4. Prof J S Bohra 29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014CCPI
5. Prof Saket Kushwaha 29.05.2008 to 31.03.20146. Dr D S Yadav 29.05.2008 to 31.03.20107. Dr Neeraj Singh 01.04.2010 to 31.03.20148. Dr. (Mrs.) Ragini Prem 29.05.2008 to 31.03.20149. Mr. Suryakant Jalan 29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014
Technical ….. NilContractual
10. Dr. Amit Kumar Upadhyay (Research Associate) 21-03-2009 – 31-03-201111. Mr Shobhit Singh (Research Associate) 30-04-2009 –31-03-201412. Mr Pankaj Kumar Mishra (Research Associate) 24-06-2011 – 31-03-201413. Dr Ajay Kumar Tripathi (Senior Research Fellow) 24-03-2009- 31-03-201414. Mr Anupam Singh (Senior Research Fellow) 21-04-2008 – 31-03-201415. Dr Danish yashin naqvi (Senior Research Fellow) 16-03-2009 – 21-11-201016. Mr Anand Kumar (Senior Research Fellow) 11-03-2011 – 31-03-201117. Mr Lakhpati Singh (Senior Research Fellow) 06-08-2011 - 30 -11-201218. Mr Ram Singh (Senior Research Fellow) 27-07-2013 - 31-03-201419. Mr Akhilesh Chaube (Senior Research Fellow) 21-03-2009- 25-08-200920. Mr Shailesh Kumar Srivastava (Senior Research Fellow) 16-02-2011 – 30-06-201121. Dr D N Tripathi (Senior Research Fellow) 16-03-2013 – 31-03-201422. Mr Shashi Bhushan Dubey (office Assistant) 30-03-2009-14-09-201023. Mr Ravi Kant Singh(office Assistant) 16-12-2010-30-11-201124. Mr Chhedi lal (office Assistant) 01-04-2013 – 31-03-2014
23. Governance, Management, Implementation and CoordinationA. Composition of the various committees (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.)
S.
No.
Committee Name Chairman(From-To)
Members
(From-To)
1. Consortium Implementation Committee (CIC)
Prof. S.R.Singh Former Director, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, B.H.U
29.05.2008 to 03.04.2011
Prof. Ram. Pratap SinghFormer Dean & Director, Institute of Agricultural Sciences,
04.04.2011 to 31.07.2012
75
B.H.UProf. R.P.SinghDirector, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, B.H.U
01.08.2012 to 31.03.2014
Prof. Saket Kushwaha Deptt. of Agrl. Economics Institute of Agricultural Sciences, B.H.U
29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014
Dr. D S Yadav Former Principal Scientist (IIVR)
29.05.2008 to 31.03.2010
Dr. Neeraj Singh Senior Scientist (IIVR)
01.04.2010 to 31.03.2014
Dr. (Mrs.) Ragini Prem BSA, Sonbhadra
29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014
Shri Surya Kant Jalan SSS, Mirzapur 29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014
Dr. S.N.Singh, Former veterinary officer, Varanasi
29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014
Dr. Kalyan singh, Ex professor Deptt. of Agronomy,Institute of Agricultural Sciences, B.H.U
29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014
Prof. Chandra Sen Deptt. of Agrl. Economics Institute of Agricultural Sciences, B.H.U
29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014
Prof. Ramesh Chandra, Deptt. of Myco. & Pl. Pathology,Institute of Agricultural Sciences, B.H.U
29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014
Prof. A.K.Joshi, Deptt. of Genetics & Pl. Breeding, I.Ag. Sc. BHU.
29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014
Prof. A.K.Singh, Deptt. of Extension Education, I.Ag. Sc. BHU.
29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014
Prof. S.V.S.Raju, Deptt. of agril. Zoology and Entomology,I.Ag. Sc. BHU.
29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014
Dr. A.K.Singh, Deptt. of Horticulture, I.Ag. Sc. BHU.
29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014
Dr. Hari Datt Upadhyay 29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014
The Registrar, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014
The Finance Officer,Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014
2. Consortium Advisory Committee (CAC)
Dr H P Singh 29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014
76
Dr. Banarsi Lal 29.05.2008 to
31.03.2014
Dr. H.C. Sharma 29.05.2008 to
31.03.2014
Shri Balmukund Lohia 29.05.2008 to
31.03.2014
Dr. Markandey Singh 29.05.2008 to
31.03.2014
Shri Rajkumar Singh 29.05.2008 to
31.03.2014
Shri Kunwar Singh 29.05.2008 to
31.03.2014
Smt. Chandra Singh 29.05.2008 to
31.03.2014
Dr. A.P. Srivastava 29.05.2008 to
31.03.2014
Dr. J.S. Bohra 29.05.2008 to
31.03.2014
Director, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, B.H.U.
29.05.2008 to
31.03.2014
3. Consortium Monitering Unit (CMU)
Prof. Janardan SinghDepartment of Entomology & Agricultural Zoology. I.Ag. Sc. BHU.
29.05.2008 to 31.01.2011
Prof Ram Pratap Singh 1.02.2011 to 31.03.2014
Prof. Rajendra Prasad SinghDepartment of Agronomy, I.Ag. Sc. BHU.
29.05.2008 to
31.01.2011
Prof. S.K. SinghDepartment of Genetics & Plant Breeding, I.Ag. Sc. BHU.
29.05.2008 to
31.03.2014
Dr. Yashwant SinghDepartment of Farm Engineering, I.Ag. Sc. BHU.
29.05.2008 to
10.12.2010
Prof. J.S. BohraDepartment of Agronomy,I.Ag. Sc. BHU.
29.05.2008 to
31.03.2014
77
A. List of Meetings organized (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.)
S. No. Details of the meeting Date Place & Address (Where meeting was organized)
1. CIC 06.01.2009 Directorate, Institute of
Agricultural Sciences, BHU 10.11.2009 Directorate, Institute of
Agricultural Sciences, BHU16.11.2009 Directorate, Institute of
Agricultural Sciences, BHU 06.06.2011 Directorate, Institute of
Agricultural Sciences, BHU 12.08.12 Directorate, Institute of
Agricultural Sciences, BHU
2. CAC18.05.2009 Directorate, Institute of
Agricultural Sciences, BHU Varanasi
30/01/2010 Surabhi Sodh Sansthan, Dagmagpur, Mirzapur
18-10-2010 Directorate, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU
13.02.2011 Directorate, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU
08.06.2011 Directorate, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU
03.12.2011 Directorate, I.Ag.Sc., BHU 21/03/2014 Directorate, I.Ag.Sc., BHU
3. CMU meeting 05.01.2009 Directorate, I.Ag.Sc., BHU 30.09.2010 Directorate, I.Ag.Sc., BHU 13.09.2011 Directorate, I.Ag.Sc., BHU 21.11.2012 Directorate, I.Ag.Sc., BHU
78
Part-III: Budget and its Utilization
STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE(Period from 29.05.2008 to 31.03.2014)
Sanction Letter No. _______NAIP (SRLS-C) III(2)/6/2008___________Total Sub-project Cost Rs.______688.039 lakhs_________Sanctioned/Revised Sub-project cost (if applicable) Rs.____887.79332 lakhs ___________Date of Commencement of Sub-project ______29.05.2008_____________Duration: From ____29.05.2008___________to ____31.03.2014______ (DD/MM/YYYY)Funds Received in each year
I Year Rs ---------248.12600 lakhs____________
II Year Rs______193.60844 lakhs__________
III Year Rs. _______100.00010 lakhs__________
IV Year Rs. _______ 53.49669 lakhs__________
V Year Rs. _______ 87.16800 lakhs__________
VI Year Rs. _______58.98239 lakhs__________
Bank Interest received on fund (if any) Rs. _________________Total amount received Rs. __741.38162 lakhs _______________
Total expenditure Rs. __731.46950 lakhs _______________
Expenditure Head-wise:
Heads Rs. (in Lakhs)
TA 19.74729
Workshop 9.552200
Contractual Services 89.70943
Operational Cost 341.71632
Training 12.55839
Consultancy 0.00000
Equipments 100.91379
Furniture 2.37928
Works 97.19000
Animal, Books & other 3.47499
Institutional Charges 54.22781
Grand Total 731.46950
79
Items of Expenditure
Funds Allocated (*)
Funds Released Expenditure Incurred Total Expenditure
Balance as on date
Requirement of additional
funds1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th year 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th year
A. Recurring Contingencies 2008-14 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2008-14 31st march
201431st march
2014(1) TA 25.40000 2.12500 3.03857 4.72998 2.73249 7.40000 1.28058 1.65426 3.33201 4.54724 3.58964 3.95861 2.66553 19.74729 0.06865 0.83465
(2) Workshops 14.00000 1.50000 1.76500 1.57960 1.83000 3.00000 0.76900 0.76133 1.57960 2.55966 1.82483 1.93127 0.89551 9.55220 0.00149 0.16019(3) Contractual
Services/RA/SRF 108.43800 7.05000 11.02367 17.37156 17.49365 40.00000 14.12321 0.84721 14.26660 17.36173 17.97867 18.95274 20.30248 89.70943 0.15360 4.58377
(4) Operational Costs 460.67394 96.03500 109.22491 63.47534 26.15296 40.65221 12.05845 97.35467 86.64231 76.27750 25.88682 36.85790 18.69712 341.71632 0.80790 7.43546Sub-Total of A (1-4) 608.51194 10.67500 15.82724 23.68114 22.05614 50.40000 28.23124 100.61747 105.82052 100.74613 49.27996 61.70052 42.56064 460.72524 1.03164 13.01000B. HRD Component
(5) Training 16.50000 2.50000 2.83962 2.83962 -0.13596 3.00000 0.79500 3.53213 3.65728 2.11634 0.79545 1.62169 0.83550 12.55839 0.00900 0.37480(6) Consultancy 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Sub-Total of B (5-6) 16.50000 2.50000 2.83962 2.83962 -0.13596 3.00000 0.79500 3.53213 3.65728 2.11634 0.79545 1.62169 0.83550 12.55839 0.00900 0.37480C. Non-Recurring
(7) Equipment 117.47000 50.71000 26.40392 0.25000 0.25000 11.00000 22.86000 44.07178 23.37806 9.60455 0.00000 10.99000 12.86940 100.91379 10.62560 0.00000(8) Furniture 3.00000 2.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 2.37928 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 2.37928 0.00000 0.06556
(9) Works (new renovation) 82.00000 75.00000 25.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 4.50000 0.00000 97.19000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 97.19000 4.50000 0.00000
(10) Others (Animals, Books, etc.) 5.30000 0.95000 0.95000 0.95000 1.15000 0.00000 0.80000 0.56941 0.86737 1.04052 0.99769 0.00000 0.00000 3.47499 0.80000 0.06518
Sub-Total of C (7-10) 207.77000 128.66000 52.35392 1.20000 1.40000 11.00000 28.16000 47.02047 121.43543 10.64507 0.99769 10.99000 12.86940 203.95806 15.92560 0.13074
D. Institutional Charges* 55.01138 10.25600 11.27250 8.80400 4.02355 9.62197 1.79615 19.93900 11.23050 9.07850 4.58669 6.11702 3.27610 54.22781 0.00000 1.55990
Grand Total (A+B+C+D) 887.79332 152.09100 82.29328 36.52476 27.34373 74.02197 58.98239 171.10907 242.14373 122.58604 55.65979 80.42923 59.54164 731.46950 16.96624 15.07951
Institutional charges will be 10% of the recurring contingencies for the Lead Consortium and 5% for Consortia Partners.
Name & Signature of CPI :
Name & Signature of Competent Financial authority:
76
77
Appendix-1
Performance Indicators for Component-3Sl. No. Indicator Total No.
1 Number of new technologies developed and introduced in the project area 6
2 Number of improved technologies introduced in project areas 63 Number of improved technologies adopted in these areas 64 Number of farmers involved in consortia activities 430
5 Increase in agriculture services and processing enterprises in project area
Baseline Baseline27 45
6 Increase in income of participating household (Rs/Annum) Baseline Baseline41268 58364
7 Number of farmer groups involved in consortia activities 201
8 Incremental employment generated (person days/year/HH) Baseline Final200.5 267.9
9 No. of farmers/area in addtion to project beneficiary farmers adopting introduced technologies
Farmers(Nos)
Area(ha)
583 483.9
11 Number of patent/intellectual property protection applications filed based on NAIP research
12 Number of patents/intellectual property protections granted/published based on NAIP research
13 Number of scientists trained overseas in consortium-based subject areas
14 Success stories 715 Amount of sustainability fund corpus created (Rs. Lakh) 52.4163716 Publications
NAAS rated journals 3Other journals 2BookBook Chapter 2ThesisPopular Article (English) Newspaper Article -Seminar/Symposium/Conference/Workshop Proceedings 4Technical Bulletin -Manual -Seminar/Symposium/Conference/Workshop Presentation 4CDs/Videos 2Popular article in other Language 2Folder/Leaflet/Handout 28Report 12
78
Appendix-2
Improved vegetable varieties introduced in the project area
S.No. Vegetable VarietiesRainy season
1. Lobia Kashi Kanchan2. Okra Kashi Pragati, Parbhani Kranti3. Bottle gourd Pant Lauki-1, Narendra Rashmi4. Bitter gourd K. Sona, K. Barahmasi5. Sponge gourd IVSG-1, K. Hari Chikani6. Pumpkin Kashi Harit, Azad Kaddu7. Cucumber Swarna Ageti, Kalyanpur green8. Tomato Kashi Vishesh, Kashi Anupam, Kashi Amrit, Sel-79. Brinjal BR-1410. Chilli Kashi Anmol11. Ash Gourd Kashi Dhawal12. Kharif Onion Agrifound Dark Red
Winter season1. Garden pea Kashi Nandini, Kashi Udai, Kashi Mukti, Kashi Samrath, AP-
1, AP-32. French bean Swarna Priya, Kashi Komal
Summer season1. Lobia Kashi Kanchan2. Okra Kashi Pragati3. Bottle gourd Pant Lauki, Narendra Rashmi4. Bitter gourd K. Barahmasi5. Sponge gourd IVSG-16. Pumpkin Kashi Harit7. Cucumber Swarna Ageti8. Muskmelon Hara Madhu
79
