NdIdj yd idys;Hh lan g-7/sinhala l… · 2 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 3 Èkla tla f.dúfhla yrla ndk o olald f.k l=Uqr iEug .sfha h' uq,a u yS úg ksu

isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh

07 fYa%‚h

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

ii

m<uqjk uqøKh 2015

fojk uqøKh 2016

f;jk uqøKh 2017

isõjk uqøKh 2018

miajk uqøKh 2019

ish¨ ysñlï weúßKs

ISBN 978-955-25-0270-5

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

wxl' 107ã" yeõf,dla mdr" fld<U 05 ork ia:dkfhys msysá

fid*aÜfõõ ms%kaáka wekaâ meflaðka ^mqoa& iud.fuys uqøKd,fhaa

uqøKh lrjd m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È'

iii

Y%S ,xld cd;sl .Sh

Y%S ,xld ud;d

wm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;d

iqkaor isßnßkS" iq/¢ w;sfidanudk ,xld

OdkH Okh fkl u,a m,;=re msß ch N+ñh ruHd

wm yg iem isß fi; iokd Ôjkfha ud;d

ms<s.kq uek wm Nla;s mQcd

kfuda kfuda ud;d


Tn fõ wm úoHd -

Tn u h wm i;Hd

Tn fõ wm Yla;s

wm yo ;=< Nla;s

Tn wm wdf,dafla -

wmf.a wkqm%dfKa

Tn wm Ôjk fõ -

wm uqla;sh Tn fõ

kj Ôjk foñfka ks;sk wm mqnqÿ lrka ud;d

{dk ù¾h jvjñk /f.k hkq uek ch N+ñ lrd

tl ujlf. ore le, neúkd

huq huq ù fkdmud

fm%au jvd ieu fNao ÿ/r od kfuda kfuda ud;d


iv

wms fjuq tl ujlf. orefjda

tl ksjfiys fjfikd

tl mdge;s tl reêrh fõ

wm lh ;=< ÿjkd

tneúks wms fjuq fidhqre fidhqßfhda

tl f,i tys jefvkd

Ôj;a jk wm fuu ksjfia

fid¢k isáh hq;= fõ

ieug u fu;a lreKd .=fKkS

fj<S iu.s oñkS

rka ñKs uq;= fkd j th u h iem;d

lsis l, fkdu Èrkd

wdkkao iurfldaka

v

vi

vii

kshdukh yd wëlaIKh - ví,sõ' tï' chka; úl%ukdhl

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a


fufyhùu ví,sõ' ta' ks¾u,d mshiS,s

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia îxj¾Ok&


iïnkaëlrKh m%.S;sld chfialr

iyldr flduidßia


ixialdrl uKav,h

1' r;akisß wrx., uydpd¾h

YS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

2' i|f.dañ fldamrfyajd uydpd¾h

fld<U úYajúoHd,h

3' mS' ta' ã' rejks isiscd iyldr lÓldpd¾h

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

4' Ys%hdks wfíúl%u ksfhdacH wOHlaI

NdId yd udkj Ydia;% wxYh

wOHdmk wud;HdxYh

5' m%.S;sld chfialr iyldr flduidßia


NdId ixialrKh

uydpd¾h r;ak úfÊ;=x.

wjidk we.hSu

uydpd¾h mS' î' talkdhl

viii

f,aLl uKav,h

1' tia' ´' m%kdkaÿ úY%dñl wOHlaI

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

2' ch;s,l fifkúr;ak úY%dñl úÿy,am;s

3' mS' fÊ' l¿wdrÉÑ .=re WmfoaYl

l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" r;akmqrh'

fidaÿm;a lshùu

ch;a mshoiqka l¾;D uKav,h" is¿ñK

,xldfõ iSudiys; tlai;a m%jD;a;s m;% iud.u

Ñ;% ks¾udKh

.dñ‚ uqykaÈrï .=re WmfoaYl

l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" r;akmqrh'

msgljr ks¾udKh

bkaÈl .=Kj¾Ok

mß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackh

fÊ' tÉ' ufkdaßld m%shx.kS mß.Kl ;dlaI‚l iydhl


tia' ù' Ô' trx.d È,arelaIs mß.Kl ;dlaI‚l iydhl


ix

ixialdrl igyk

2015 j¾Ifha isg ls%hd;aul jk kj úIh ks¾foaYhg wkql+, j fï 7 fY%a‚h

fm< fmd; ilia lr we;af;a Tng isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh yeoEÍu i|yd

w;aje,la iemhSug hs' fï fm< fmdf;a mdvï wkqms<sfj< cd;sl wOHdmk

wdh;kh uÕska ks¾foaYs; b.ekaùï wkql%uhg wkql+, fjhs'

fuys tk we;eï mdvï úúO f,aLlhkaf.a lD;sj,ska Wmqgd f.k 7 fY%a‚fha

isiqkag fhda.H mßÈ ixialrKh lrkq ,en we;s w;r fï fmd; i|yd u

w¨;ska iïmdokh lrk ,o mdvï lsysmhla o fuys we;=<;a fjhs' úúO NdId

l=i,;d j¾Okhg;a idys;H ri úkaokfhka Ôú;h ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd

.ekSug;a fï fmd; mßYS,kh jeo.;a fõ' tys§ Tfí .=rejrhdf.a fyda

jeäysáhkaf.a fyda iydh wjYH úh yels h'

;ksj lshjd ri ú¢h yels l;kaor" lú" ,sms wdÈh o fuys wka;¾.; fjhs'

ta w;ßka fndfyduhla úúO fmd;aj,ska Wmqgd .;a fldgia h' ta fmd; m;

fidhd f.k lshjkak'

fuys Wmqgd f.k we;s ,sms f,aLk rpkd l< f,aLlhkag wmf.a f.!rj

mQ¾jl m%Kduh msßkuuq' tfuka u fuys we;=<;a jk f,day ;dlaIKh

ms<sn| ,smsh iïmdokfha § WmfoaY ,nd §u iy PdhdrEm ,nd §u fjkqfjka

mqrdúoHd mYapd;a Wmdê wdh;kfha fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h wdpd¾h w¾cqk

;ka;s,f.a uy;dg;a mqia;ld,hg msh k.uq mdvu iïmdokhg iydh jQ

fld<U úYajúoHd,fha fcHaIaG iyldr mqia;ld,hdêm;skshl jk iuka,;d

ue‚fla wêldß uy;añhg;a kka whqßka odhl jQ ish¨ fokdg;a lD;{;dj

m< lruq'

fmr kqjK ,enq wh

,shd ;=nqfjda m;a − fmd;a

wm kqjK jeä lereug

uy;a msysfgls ta oeka

l=ur .S" l=udr;=x. uqksodi

fiiq úIhhka bf.kSfï § o NdId oekqu w;HjYH fõ' tfuka u idys;Hh

mßYS,kfhka oekqu yd m%ldYk Yla;sh ÈhqKq lr .ksñka iunr fm!reIfhka

hq;= ñksil= ùu o Tfí wkd.; id¾:l;ajhg msájy,la jkq fkd wkqudk h'

ta m; − fmd;ska jev

.ekqug kï fu l,ays

isys kqj‚ka fh§ isg

wl=re i;r W.; hq;=

xi

mgqk

msgq wxl

f.dú ìßhf.a kqjK 1

m%ia;dj msre¿ iy bÕs jels 6

iiqk nen<jQ irKxlr iÕrc f;rKqfjda 8

iudkd¾: mo 12

wlaIr ud,dj yd wlaIr úkHdih 14

Ths rhsf¾ Ths rdud 28

kdu mo 37 jpk fNaoh 37 mqreI fNaoh 40 ,sx. fNaoh 42

YS% ,xldfõ wysl=KaÀl ck;dj 45

Wla; wkqla; fNaoh 49

fï ldf.a foda lu;d 51

úreoaOd¾: mo 55

foõoï weÿre tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re ysñ 57

ls%hd mo 64 wjidk ls%hd 64 wkjidk ls%hd 64

l;d nyg ixhuhla 68

3

1

2

4

5

6

7

8

xii

f,djg ;¾ckhla jk úoHq;a wmøjH 121 mqj;am;a ,sms 124ì;a;s mqj;am;a ,sms 125iÕrd 126mo fn§u 126

15

ils i| fmfka iufkd< ., kef.kysr 129

;ks mo 13516

17 iqok .=K 138

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

ud ÿgq uq,a ysre fmkakQ ,xld 143

ÿx ÿughs wÕ=re ughs 146úfYaIK mo 152

ilia lv fkd lS lg 154úrdu ,l=Kq 158

mqia;ld,hg msh k.uq 163

f;dmams fjf<kaod 167<ud kdgH msgm;a rpkh 180

hy¿fjda 182

fmd,a ,o ieá 187rij;a l;d f.d;uq 193

14 ksfõok 114

ud;Dldkql+, l;d 119

12 iskd l=uß 92

ri lú f.d;uq lú ri ú¢uq 95

jdlH rpkh 10613

;s,uqÜÀ cd;lh 74

wfma f,day ;dlaIKfha hg.shdj 80

m%dfhda.sl f,aLk 87

rdcldß ,sm 88

wdrdOkd m; 90

9

10

11

PB 1fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

ck l;d hkq ñksiqka ,sùfï l%uhla fkd oek isá wjêfha isg

láka lg mej; tk" ckhd w;r u ks¾udKh jQ l;d úfYaIhls'

f,dalfha iEu rgl u mdfya tA rgg wdfõ‚l jQ ck l;d

iïm%odhla oelsh yels h' ck jHjydrfha mj;sk úúO fhÿï"

úYajdi wdÈh ck l;dj, we;=<;a fõ' miq ld,hl § fun÷ ck

l;d f,aLk.; flß‚' wo jk úg wm rgg wdfõ‚l ck l;d

muKla fkd j fjk;a rgj, ck l;d o isxy, NdIdfjka m< ù

we;' fuu mdvug we;=<;a jkafka Y%S ,xld cd;sl .%ka: ixj¾Ok

uKav,fha fufyhùfuka wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

m< lrk ,o" <uhska i|yd wdishdkq ck l;d fojk fmdf;ka

Wmqgd .;a l;djls' wdishdkq ck l;d fojk fmd;" cmdkfha

hqfkiaflda wdishdkq ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh úiska m< lrk ,o

Folk tales from Asia for Children Everywhere - Book Two kï

.%ka:fhys isxy, mßj¾;kh hs' ‘f.dú ìßhf.a kqjK’ mdlsia:dk

ck l;djls'

f.dú ìßhf.a kqjK 1

2 3fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

Èkla tla f.dúfhla yrla ndk o olald f.k l=Uqr iEug .sfha h'

uq,a u yS úg ksu lrk úg u jHd>%fhla Tyq <`.g weú;a wdpdr fldg"

“wdhqfndajka hy¿j" fï WoEik flfia o Tnf.a iqj ÿla@” hs weiS h'

f.dúhd ìfhka fjjq,kakg úh' tfy;a úkS;j l;d lsÍu jvd kqjKg

yqre hehs is;d .;a Tyq" “wdhqfndajka" iajdóks' Tn jykafiag mska w;a

fõjdæ .e;a;d b;d iqjfhka isák nj okajd isáñ” hs lS h'

“tA nj weiSu ug uy;a m%S;shla' foúhkaf.a wK mßÈ uu Tnf.a yrla

ndk ì,s .ekSug wdñ' Tn foaj wKg lSlre ;eke;a;l= nj uu oksñ'

tfyhska yrla ndk jyd u uqod yßkake” hs jHd>%hd lS h'

jHd>%hdf.a woyi ;ud urd lEug fkd j yrla ndk urd lEug nj

f;areï .;a f.dúhd ffO¾hj;a ù" “iajdóks" hï je/oaola isÿ ù we;s

njla fmfkhs' foúhkaf.a w‚ka uu fï l=Uqr iEug wdñ' b;ska" yrla

ke;sj uu flfia kï l=Uqr idï o@ iajdóks" wdmiq f.dia fï .ek ;j

álla fidhd ne,Su fyd| fkd fõ oe@” hs weiS h'

“mud ùug lsis u jqjukdjla keye' tfyhska yrl=ka uqod yeßfhd;a uu

;j fudfyd;lska Tjqka urd lñ” hs lshd jHd>%hd Nh Wmojk wkaoñka

Wf.a o;=;a ksh;a uqjy;a lrkakg mgka .;af;a h'

yrl=ka urd fkd lk f,i f.dúhd j¢ñka hÈñka b;d ne.Em;a f,i

jHd>%hdf.ka b,a,d isáfha h' Tjqka fkd urd yßkafka kï tA fjkqjg

Tyqf.a ìßhf.a lÈu ;rndre lsß t< fok §ug fmdfrdkaÿ úh'

jHd>%hd Bg tlÕ úh' wdrlaIdj i|yd Tyq yrl=ka o olald f.k jy

jyd f.or n,d .sfha h' fu;rï fõ,dikska Tyq wdmiq tkq ÿgq Tyqf.a

läir ld¾hY+r ìßh" “lïue<s rd,æ uu jev mgka .;a;d ú;r hs'

ojfia jev bjr lr,d;a tkjd oe@” hs wE; § u weiS h'

jHd>%hd yuq jQ yeá;a yrl=ka fírd .ekSu i|yd t< fok §ug fmdfrdkaÿ

jQ yeá;a Tyq wEg úia;r flf<a h' tA weiQ f.dú ìßh" “we;a;la fjkak

mq¿jks' tA jqK;a Tfí Th cv f.dka fokakd fírd .kakg uf.a hi

t< fok fokakg fmdfrdkaÿ jQ yeáæ t< fok ke;s jqKdu <uhskag

lsß ,efnkafka fldfyka o@ fj~re ke;sj Whkafka fldfydu oe@” hs

Tyqg neK jeÿKd h'


“we;a;" we;a;' tA jqKdg" OdkH ke;sj mdka yokafka fldfydu o@

l=Uqre ydkak yrla ke;s jqKd u OdkH ,efnkafka fldfyka o@ mdka

ke;sj bkakjdg jvd krl o lsß hs fj~re hs ke;sj b£u@ blaukg

.syska t< fok ,syk tl fyd| hs” lshd f.dúhd wekqïmo lS h'

“uy fudavhdæ hï;ï j;a fudf<a ;sfhkjd kï fï wudrefjka

.e,fjkakg úÈhla l,amkd lrkjd fkd je@” hs wE wj,do lSjd h'

“wehs" b;ska" .e,fjk úÈhla Tn u l,amkd fkd lrkafka @” hs f.dúhd

;rfyka lS h'

“fyd|hs' uu ñka .e,fjk úÈhla lshkakï' yenehs" ud lshk yeáhg

u lrkak ´kE' ug folla lrkakg neye” hs ms<s;=re ÿka ìßh" “jyd

u jHd>%hd <Õg hkak' t< fok Tn iuÕ fkd tk ksid ud wE olald

f.k tk nj Tyqg lshkak” hs lSjd h'

uy;a ìhiq,a,l= jQ f.dúhd ysia w;ska jHd>%hd <Õg wdmiq hEug lsis

fia;a u leu;s fkd ù h' tfy;a l< yels wka lsisjla ys;g fkd wd

fyhska Tyq ìßh lS f,ig u lf<a h' Tyq hk úg;a jHd>%hd o;=;a ksh;a

uqjy;a lrñka u isáfha h' Tyq ysáfha t;rï u nv .skafka hs' ;j;a

ál fõ,djla lEu mud jk nj weiQ jHd>%hd b;d ìhlre wkaoñka

f.drjkakg;a j,. .ikakg;a uqyqfKa È.= frdau lrljkakg;a úh'

ìfhka .eyqKq f.dúhdf.a oK ysia tlg jÈkakg úh'

f.dúhd .sh miq Tyqf.a ìßh wia y,g f.dia fmdakshl= ms<sfh, lr

.;a;d h' wE wef.a iajdñhdf.a fyd| u we÷ula we| f.k yels ;rï u

Wig fmfkkakg ;,mamdj Wia fldg ne| fmdakshd msg keÕS jHd>%hd

isák l=Uqr foig .shd h'

wE ñksil= fuka b;d wdvïnr ,S,dfjka fmdakshd msáka f.dia l=Uqrg

yefrk ;ek isg" “ish¨ foúhkaf.a msysáka ug fï l=Uqf¾ § jHd>%fhla

yuq fõjdæ Bfha Wfoa yS,g jHd>%hka ;=ka fokl= lEjdhska miq ;j u

jHd>% uia ri n,kakg neß ù h” hs wNS; iajrfhka y~ .Ejd h'

tA weiQ jHd>%hd tfia y~ .E ;eke;a;d lsis u ìhla iella ke;sj

;ud foig tkq oel ìfhka ;e;s f.k miq mi yrjd le<hg ÿjkakg

úh' fufia l,n,fhka fõ.fhka ÿjk Tyqg ;udf.a fiajl ysj,df.a


wefÕA yemafmkakg hk nj mjd fkd yeÕsK'

ysj,d me;a;lg mek" “iajdóks" iajdóks" fï ;rï l,n,fhka fï

fldfya o ÿjkafka@” hs weiS h'

“ÿjuq ÿjuq” hs jHd>%hd y;s ,E h; “lsis u ;elSula ke;sj Wfoa yS,g

jHd>%hka ;=ka fokl= lk hlaI wirefjla wr l=Uqf¾ isà” hs lS h'

ysj,d w;ska lg uqjd lr f.k iskd fikakg úh' “iajdóka jykai" Tn

jykafiaf.a weia bre t<shg w÷re ù .shd úh hq;= hs' tA fudk wirefjla

o@ msßñ we÷ï we| .;a f.dú ìßh fkd je@” hs lS h'

jHd>%hd u|la kej;S" “fyd|g u úYajdi o@” hs weiS h'

“iajdóks" ug fyd|g u úYajdi hs' Tn jykafiaf.a weia bre t<shg

w÷re fkd jqKd kï-fufia lshkjdg lud l< uekú-Tn jykafiag;a

;,mamdj wiafika t,af,k fldKav w. fmfkkjd fkd je@” hs ysj,d

lS h'

“tfy;a Tng;a jrÈkakg neß kE' wE fmkqug kï uy hlaI wirefjla” hs ìhiq¨ jHd>%hd mejiS h'

“ljqo" wEg nh@ .eyekshlg nfha lEu fkd ld m,d hkjd he@ fyd| hs

wms fokakd u huq” hs ysj,d fhdackd flf<a h'

“neye" neye" Tn ud t;ekg le|jd f.k f.dia mek ÿjdú” hs jHd>%hd

ìfhka .efyñka lS h'

“tfy kï ug ÿjkakg neß fjkakg wms j,s. .eg .id .ksuq” hs lEor

ysj,d lS h'

jHd>%hd Bg tlÕ úh' Tjqyq ;Èka j,s. tlg .eg .id f.k w;sk;

f.k hkakg jQy'

f.dúhd;a Tyqf.a ìßh;a Tjqka fh¥ Wmdh id¾:l ùu .ek i;=áka iskd

fiñka Wkay' j,s. .eg .id f.k Tjqka foig tk jHd>%hd;a ysj,d;a

Tjqkayg yÈisfha u fmksK'

“wms keyqKdæ wms keyqKd' ÿjuq" ÿjuq” hs f.dúhd lE .eiS h'


“fudk Èú,a,la o@ lE fkd .yd bkakjd' ud lshk foa wefykafka kE” hs ìßh Tyqg lsis l,n,hla ke;sj lS h'

wef.a lg y~ wefik ;rug i;=ka fo fokd <x jQ miq wE b;d ys;j;a

f,ig" “wd" ysj,a ydñ" fï ;rï lÈu" ;r jHd>%hl= /f.k tAu fldhs

;rï fyd| o@ blaukska u uu uf.a fldgi ld ouñ' jeä mudjla

ke;sj Tng Tfí fldgi ,efíú” hs lS h'

fï weiqKq úg u jHd>%hd b;d u ìh m;aj ysj,d .ek;a Tjqkaf.a j,s.

tlg .eg .id we;s nj .ek;a uq¿ukska u wu;l ù ysj,d;a weo f.k

yels ;rï fõ.fhka ÿjkakg úh' ovdia nvdia hkqfjka .,a uq,aj,

yefmñka iardia iaÍia hkqfjka lgq <eyemaj, uefoñka ysj,d ìu Èf.a

we§ .sfha h'

ysj,d ur <f;daks kÕñka fudr .Efõ h' msgq miska tk tA y~ ksid ;j

;j;a ìh m;a jQ jHd>%hd l÷ m,a,ï fkd ;ld ysi yereKq wf;a le<Ej

ì| f.k Èù h; úvdfjka weo jefgk f;la u Èù h' tA jk úg ysj,d

;e¿ï fm¿ïj,ska ñh f.dia fndfyda fõ,djla úh'

bka miq ljrod j;a f.dúhdg;a Tyqf.a Nd¾hdjg;a jHd>%hdf.ka lsis u

lrorhla fkd ù h'

wjfndaOh

1' jHd>%hd f.dúhd fj; meñ‚fha l=uk wruqKlska o@

2' f.dúhd jHd>%hdg fmdfrdkaÿ jQfha l=ula ,nd §ug o@

3' fï l;djg wkqj" mdka ksIamdokfha § .jhdf.a odhl;ajh ,efnkafka

l=uk ld¾hhla Wfoid o@

4' wirejl=f.a fjia .;af;a f.dú ìßh nj ysj,d y÷kd .;af;a

flfia o@

5' fuu l;dfjka hq., mo folla Wmqgd olajkak'


m%ia;dj msre¿ iy bÕs jels

ck lshuka úfYaIhla jk m%ia;dj msre¿ idïm%odhsl fhÿï .Khg

wh;a fjhs' fïjd" l:d lsÍfï § yd ,sùfï § wjia:djg wkqj lsis hï

ldrKhla meyeÈ,s lsÍu Wfoid Ndú; flfrk fmdÿ lshuka j¾.hla

f,i o ie,fla' m%ia;dj msre<la hkq ‘;ekg Tìk lshukls’' lsh hq;=

ldrKh fláfhka" meyeÈ,sj yd rij;aj lSug m%ia;dj msre¿ bjy,a

fõ'

m%ia;dj msre¿ fnfyúka u ks¾udKh ù we;af;a l;kaor weiqre lr

f.k h'

² wnrd is,a .;a;d jf.hs" ² l¿jd udrmka .shd jf.hs"

² mqyq,a fydrd lfrka oefkhs" ² .urd, ÈjH f,dafl .shd jf.hs"

tn÷ m%ia;dj msre¿ lsysmhls'

² wkqkag l< foa ;ukag m, foa"

² mkskag fmr is;d n,kq"

² W;aidyjka;hd ch .kS"

² bjiSfuka iekiSu ,efí"

² lshkakd flfia lSj;a wikakd isys nqoaêfhka weish hq;= h

wdÈ msre¿ WmfoaYd;aul iajrEmhla .kS'

m%ia;dj msre¿ .Kfhys ,d .; yels fhÿï o we;=<;a ;j;a idïm%odhsl

fhÿï úfYaIhla isxy, jHjydrfha mj;S' fïjd rEÎ fyj;a bÕs jels

kñka ye¢kafõ' u;= msg w¾:h blaujd fjk;a w¾:hla wÕjk bÕs jels

o NdIdfõ fmdaIKhg bjy,a fjhs' bÕs jels fyj;a rEÎj, úfYaI;ajhla

jkafka tAjdg w¾:hla wdfrdamKh lr ke; fyd;a wdrEV lr ;sîu hs'

fuu mdvfï we;=<;a l;dfõ i|yka zysia w;skaZ " zysi yereKq wf;aZ

jeks fhÿï o bÕs jels f,i ie,lsh yels h'

² ;re fmkqKd ^wkfmalaIs; .eg¨jlg uqyqK §u&

² lsUq,a l÷¿ ^fndrejg weéu&

² l=l=<d w;ska wrka ^WoEikska u&

² lr, meyqKd ^jdishla isÿ ùu&

² n<,d u,af,ka t<shg mekakd

îeÕùug W;aidy .;a fohla t<sorjq ùu&

jeks lshuka" bÕs jels fyj;a rEÎ i|yd ksoiqka lsysmhls'


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk m%ia;dj msre¿j, woyi ,shkak'

i' lgqiaidf.a lf¾ r;a;rka nekaod jf.hs

ii' îß w,skag ùKd .dhkd lrkjd jf.hs

iii' b`.=re § ñßia .;a;d jf.hs

iv' bínd Èfha oeïud jf.hs

v' ufâ isgqjQ bkak jf.hs

2' my; i|yka jdlHj, ;o l¿ wl=ßka oelafjk fhÿï fjkqjg

.e<fmk rEÎhla we;=<;a lr kej; ,shkak'

WodyrK( f.dúhd WoEikska u l=Uqrg .sfha h'

f.dúhd l=l=<d w;ska f.k l=Uqrg .sfha h'

i' lu,a fndre mqridrï lshkafkls'

ii' úNd.h iu;a ùu uf.a buy;a m%S;shg fya;= úh'

iii' mka;s kdhlhd uf.a fyd| ñ;%fhls'

iv' wi,ajeishka iu. lsisÿ iqyo;djla ke;ehs weh lSjd h'

v' wm .uka l< r:h ;sßx. l%shd;aul ùu ksid wjidk

fudfydf;a wk;=ßka fíß‚'

3' my; oelafjk m%ia;dj msre¿j, fyda rEÎj, fyda woyig ióm

w¾:hla fok m%ia;dj msre<la fyda rEÎhla fyda ,shd olajkak'

i' ksls‚ fydhkjd

ii' ysi yereKq wf;a hkjd

iii' wkQkjfhka fíreKd

iv' w;= lvd fudr lkakd jf.hs

v' wefÕka weghla .kakjd jf.hs

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' m%ia;dj msre¿ myla iy tAjdg uq,a jQ l;kaor we;=<;a lr fmd;a msxpla

ilia lrkak'

2' rEÎ iy bÕs jels tla /ia lr f,aLkhla ilia lrkak'


2

fixlv., hq.h iudÔh" foaYmd,k" wd.ñl yd Ydia;%Sh lghq;=

w;ska msßySug m;a jQ jljdkqjla úh' hqfrdamShhka jQ mq¾;=.Sis

yd ,kafoais cd;sl wdl%u‚lhkaf.a ;dvk mSvkj,g furg

jeisfhda ,laj isáhy' tl, fn!oaOhkag;a NslaIQka jykafia,dg;a

fkdfhla ysßyer ;¾ckj,g uqyqK mEug isÿ úh'

fuiufhys ,laÈj nqÿ iiqk iy wOHdmkh k.d isgqùug lghq;=

l< wh w;r je,súg irKxlr ix>rdc ysñfhda m%uqL fj;s'

Wka jykafiaf.a pß;fhys lemS fmfkk iqúfYaI wjia:d lSmhla

fï mdvug we;=<;a fõ' fï mdvu ilia lr we;af;a fldg.u

jdÑiair ysñhkaf.a irKÙlr iÙ>rdc iuh yd ;srdK.u

r;kidr ysñhkaf.a iÕrc j;f.d; lD;s wdY%fhks'

iiqk nen<jQ irKxlr iÕrc f;rKqfjda


irKxlr ysñhkaf.a Wm; isÿ jQfha II jk úu,O¾uiQßh ^1687-1706&

rc;=udf.a ld,fha § h' ;=ïmfka m%foaYfha Wm; ,o Wka jykafiaf.a

.sys kduh l=,;=x. nj fmd; mf;ys i|yka fjhs'

l=,;=x. orejd uQ,sl wOHdmkh ,enqfõ truqÿ ,shoafoa Wmdil rd,

kï .=re;=udf.ks' kï fmd;" uÕ=,a ,l=K" ilialvh" kjr;akh wdÈ

fmd;a o mqiafld<j, wl=re ,sùu o Tyq ;u .=rejrhd fj;ska W.;af;a

h' truqÿ ,shoafoa Wmdil rd,f.a {d;shl= jQ iQßhf.dv rdc.=re ysñhka

fj; fhduq lsÍfuka wk;=rej foudmsh wdYS¾jdoh o we;sj Tyq je,súg

irKxlr kñka meúÈ flß‚'

iQßhf.dv ysñhka hgf;a ish oekqu ÈhqKq lr .ekSug lghq;= l<

irKxlr idufKarhka jykafia tmuKlska iEySulg m;a fkd jQy'

úúO ldrKd ksid fï ld,h jk úg ,xldfõ NdId" idys;H lafIa;%hkays

mßydks ;;a;ajhla Woa.; ù ;sì‚' tneúka Wka jykafiag md,s NdIdj

bf.kSu i|yd tjlg isr.;j isá f,õfla rd, fj; hEug isÿ úh'

w,.,af,a lkao mduq, lä.uqj m%foaYfha fjfiñka udflfy,aj,

isr.; lr isá f,õfla rd, fj; Èkm;d hñka nd,dj;drfha kdu

ldKavh wjidkh olajd bf.kSug irKxlr idufKarfhda lghq;=

l<y' ;uka W.;a foa isákdu¿fõ is,aj;a ;ek keu;s iajlSh ñ;%hl=g

b.ekajQ nj o i|yka fõ' miq lf,l m,al=Uqf¾ w;a:oiaiS ysñhkaf.a

weiqfrys nd,dj;drh iïmQ¾Kfhka u W.;a Wka jykafia bf.kSug

oelajQ Wkkaÿj ms<sn| lshefjk ckm%jdo /ils' Wka jykafia ie;fmk

úg ysig fmd,a lgqjla ;nd .;a nj tn÷ tla l;djls' thska ysig

we;s jk fõokdj ksid tl È.g ie;mSug fkd yelsj wjÈ jQ iEu

wjia:djl u mdvï lsÍug yd Ndjkd lsÍug lghq;= l< nj lshefõ'

fï jljdkqj ,laÈj iÕ iiqk msßyS f.dia .Dy Ôú; .; lrk

‘.‚kakdkafia,d’ kï lKavdhula ix>hdf.ka bgq úh hq;= fufyjr

ndr f.k isá wjêhls' irKxlr ysñfhda fuu l%uh fjkqjg msKavmd;sl

is,aj;a NslaIq mrmqrla we;s lsÍug fmruqK .;ay' Wka jykafia

wkq.ukh l< idufKarjreka wh;a lKavdhu ‘je,súg iud.u’ kñka o idufKarjre ‘is,aj;a ;eka’ hk kñka o y÷kajk ,oy' tA

jk úg mßydkshg m;a fjñka mej;s wOHdmkh kÕd isgqùug lghq;=

l< je,súg iud.u fn!oaO ckhdf.a m%idohg m;a úh' fï ms<sn|j


B¾IHdjg yd wukdmhg m;a whf.a meñ‚,s fya;=fjka kf¾kaøisxy rcq

úiska irKxlr idufKarhka m%uqL is,aj;a;= ,.a., m%foaYhg msgqjy,a

lrk ,oy'

fï iufhys bkaÈhdfõ isg meñ‚ nuqKl= úiska mjik ,o ixialD;

Yaf,dalhla f;areï .ekSug kf¾kaøisxy rcq úiska f.kajk ,o

lsisjl=g fkd yels jQ nj;a irKxlr ysñhkag fï mqj; ie, ù wod<

Yaf,dalfha wre; ish isiqkag meyeÈ,s lr ÿka nj;a fmd; mf;ys i|yka

fõ' tA nuqKd bÈßfha nK lSug iu;a flfkl= fkd jQfhka m,smdk

fudfydÜgd,f.a lSfuka irKxlr ysñhka le|ùug rcq lghq;= lr

we;' tys § Wka jykafia md,s" ixialD;" isxy, NdId ;=fkka u nK lS

w;r rcqf.a wm%udK m%idohg md;% jQy' t;eka mgka rcqf.a úYajdih

yd f.!rjh Èkd .;a Wka jykafia Wmiïmodj furgg f.kajd .ekSu

i|yd nqreuh" ishu wdÈ rgj,g ¥;hka heùug lghq;= l<y' uq,ska

hjk ,o ¥; lKavdhï fol u wid¾:l jQ kuqÿ lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rc

iufha § f;jk jr ishug hejQ ¥;hka u.ska ,laÈjg Wmiïmodj

f.kajd .ekSug irKxlr ysñfhda iu;a jQy'

Wka jykafia Wmiïmodj ,enqfõ mkia miajk úfha § h' ishï rfÜ

isg meñ‚ Wmd,s kï NslaIqjf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka Wmiïmod l¾uh isÿ

flreKq w;r fuys jevu l< ishï NslaIQyq is,aj;=ka uyK lrñka

o" idufKarjreka Wmimka lrñka o furg iiqk ÈhqKq l<y' fï

ish,a,g u uQ,sl;ajh f.k ls%hd l< irKxlr ysñfhda u,aj;=

úydrfhys jev úiQy' ñka miq lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rc;=ud úiska fldaÜfÜ

Y%S ùod.u ffuf;%ah ix>rdc ysñhkaf.ka mqrmamdvqj meje;s ix>rdc

;k;=r je,súg irKxlr ysñhka fj; msßkuk ,È'

;uka jykafiag iÕrc moúh ysñ jk nj irKxlr ysñhkag l,ska

oek .kakg ,eî we;' ta wjia:dfõ mkaif,a W¿jiafia “WvÕ= fkd

j uyK" WvÕ= fkd j uyK” hkqfjka f;jrla ,shd ;eîug Wka

jykafia lghq;= l< nj m%lg h' fï mqj; weiQ rc;=ud i;=gg m;a jQ

nj o lshefõ' irKxlr ysñhkaf.a ksy;udkSNdjh biau;= lrk fï

l;dj wmf.a Ôú;j,g o uyÕ= wdo¾Yhls'


ful, uykqjr jd¾Isl wei< fmryer mj;ajk ,oafoa foúhka i|yd jQ

i;r foajd, fmryerla jYfhks' tys § o<od jykafiag mQfcdamydrhla

fkd meje;aú‚' o<od jykafiag mQfcdamydrhla jYfhka o<od lr~qj

/.;a ud<s.dfõ fmryerla bÈßfhka u .uka l< hq;= hehs fhdackd lr

l%shd;aul lrk ,oafoa irKxlr ysñhka úisks' wo olajd mj;sk

uykqjr o<od fmryer werUqfKa tA wkqj h'

Wka jykafia úiska ,shk ,o O¾u Ydia;%Sh .%ka: /ils' uqks.=K w,xldrh"

idrd¾: ix.%yh" fNaiÊc uxcqid ikakh" uyd fndaêjxY ikakh"

i;rnKjr ikakh bka lsysmhls' Wka jykafiaf.a O¾u Ydia;%Sh m%fndaOh

ksid u iqfmaY, YslaIdldó iÕ mrmqrla furg ìys úh' wo mj;akd Ydik

mqk¾Ôjfha mqfrda.dñhd jkqfha o msKavmd;sl" wirKirK" rdc.=re

je,súg irKxlr ix>rdc udysñmdKka jykafia h'

nd,dj;drh md,s jHdlrK .%ka:hls'

iqfmaY, YslaIdldó ukd fia yslauqKq$ukd mej;=ï we;s

mqk¾Ôjh kej; mK .ekaùu

mqfrda.dñhd uq,a jQ ;eke;a;d

wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu

wjfndaOh

mdvu lshjd my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

1' irKxlr ysñhka bf.kSug oelajQ oeä Wkkaÿj ms<sn| lshefjk

isÿùula mdvfuka Wmqgd olajkak'

2' irKxlr ysñhka úiska rpkd lrk ,o .%ka: folla kï lrkak'

3' irKxlr ysñ ,.a.,g msgqjy,a lrk ,oafoa l=uk fya;=jla ksid o@

4' furgg Wmiïmodj f.k wd rg yd ta iu. meñ‚ m%Odk NslaIQka

jykafiaf.a ku ,shkak'

5' uykqjr wei< fmryefrys irKxlr ysñhka úiska lrk ,o fjki

l=ula o@


iudkd¾: mo

lsishï mohlg w¾:fhka iudk wfkl=;a mo iudkd¾: mo f,i

ye¢kafõ' f,aLk l=i,;d j¾Okh lr .ekSu i|yd iudkd¾: mo y÷kd

.ekSu jeo.;a fõ' tu.ska f,aLkhla ukdj ilia lsÍug odhl;ajh

,efnk neúks' rpkd ,sùfï § wjia:djg .e<fmk jpk fh§u i|yd

iudkd¾:j;a mo oek isàu jeo.;a h'

WodyrK(

i| - pkaøhd" ksYdlr" ;rem;s

uj - wïud" uE‚fhda

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka moj,g iudkd¾: mo mdvfuka fidhd ,shkak'

i. .%ka:h - ii. m%jD;a;sh -

iii. T¿j - iv. Woafhda.h -

v. iu¾: - vi. Ydikh -

2' mdvfï fh§ we;s my; i|yka moj,g iudkd¾: mo fidhd

,shkak'

i. úúO - ii. NdId -

iii. wjidkh - iv. m%idoh -

v. iufha - vi. úfha -

3' jrykg msáka § we;s jpkh fjkqjg fhÈh yels jpk ;=kla

jryka ;=< we;' fkd .e<fmk jpkh f;dard háka brla w¢kak'

i. wyi ^..k" .=jk" kqn" mjk&

ii. f.h ^ksji" ue÷r" N=jk" úuk&

iii. o;a ôka;" pQ¾K" oika" o<&

iv. uqyqo îuqÿr" ihqr" rejka" is÷&

v. uqyqK ^j;" isis" uqj" jqjk&


m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' mdvu Yío k.d lshjkak'

2' fuu mdvu Tfí ñ;=rl=g$jeäysáhl=g y`v kÕd lshjkakg §

fyd¢ka wid isáñka jeo.;a lreKq igyka lr .kak'

3' irKxlr ysñhka ms<sn| ;j;a Ôjk f;dr;=re Tfí .=re;=ud$

.=re;=ñhf.ka wid oek .kak'

4' irKxlr ysñhkaf.a pß;fhka ,nd .; yels Ôú;do¾Y ms<sn|

ud;Dldkql+, l;djlg lreKq tla/ia lrkak' tu l;dj

mka;shg$idys;H iñ;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'

5' irKxlr ysñhka jeks my; i|yka úYsIag .Kfha NslaIQka

jykafia ms<sn| f;dr;=re fidhd mx;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'

² f;dg.uqfõ rdyq, ysñ

² ñf.Ügqj;af;a .=Kdkkao ysñ

6' jpk /ia lr tAjdg iudkd¾: mo yd úreoaOd¾: mo ,shd fmd;a

msxpla ilia lrkak'

4' jrykg msáka § we;s mohg iudkd¾: mohla jryka ;=< we;'

tu jpkh f;dard háka brla w¢kak'

i. m%.;sh ̂mqyqKqj" iq.;sh" ÈhqKqj" úr;sh&

ii. lS¾;sh ̂whi" wmlS¾;sh" wNsudkh" hii&

iii. ksh; ^ksr;" kshu" ks¾hd;" ks¾ñ;&

iv. m%ùK ^m%dÖk" ksmqK" m%;SÖk" kùk&

v. wdjdi ^ksjdi" m%dldr" m%ido" WoHdk&


wlaIr ud,dj yd wlaIr úkHdih

NdIdjla iE§ we;af;a Yíoj,ska nj;a tu Yío weig fmfkk mßÈ

,shd oelaùug wlaIr - tkï wl=re - fhdod .kakd nj;a Tn bf.k

f.k we;' j¾;udkfha ,sùu i|yd iïu; lr f.k we;s isxy,

wlaIr ud,dfõ we;s wl=re .Kk 60ls' ta wl=re yeg iajr yd

jH[ack hkqfjka j¾. flfrk nj;a iajr ksfhdackh lsÍug ms,s

fyj;a ms,a,ï fhdod .kakd wdldrh;a Tn oekg u;a yodrd we;'

wlaIr ud,dj fyj;a fydaäh iïnkaOj ;j ÿrg;a oek .; hq;=

lreKq lsysmhla fï mdvfuys we;=<;a fjhs'

fuys wlaIr úkHdi Í;s we;=<;a fldgi iïmdokh lr we;af;a

uydpd¾h i|f.dañ fldamrfyajdf.a isxy, wlaIr úkHdi wldrdÈh

lD;sh weiqfrks'

3


w wd b B W W!

t ta T ´

l . c

g v K

; o k

m n u

h r , j

i y <

wx

iajr(

jH[ack(

by; oelafjkafka Tn m%d:ñl fY%a‚j, § W.;a wlaIr ud,dj hs' wm

i;=j mj;sk mer‚ u jHdlrK .%ka:h jk iso;a i`.rdj kue;s fmdf;a

oelafjkafka o fuu wlaIr ud,dj hs' tu wlaIr ud,dj iso;a iÕrd

fydaäh kñka ye¢kafjhs' th moH rpkh i|yd Ndú; jQ wlaIrj,ska

muKla iukaú; nj W.;=kaf.a u;hls'

iso;a i`.rdj ,shù we;af;a wÈka jir 800lg muK fmr h' Bg wdikak

ld,fha .oH .%ka: ,sùfï § fuu wlaIr ud,dfõ we;=<;a fkd jQ

fjk;a wlaIr o Ndú; lr we;' tA ld,fha ,shejqKq ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh

kue;s lD;sfhka Wmqgd .;a my; i|yka mdG úuid n,uq'

“oyila riska nn<k wNskj iQ¾hhd fuka''''”“:q,a, ;siai f;reka jykafia kï Y=oafOdaok rÊcqrejkaf.a keÕ‚

flfkl=kaf.a mq;Kqjka jykafia h' uyKj rElaI m%;sm;a;s kue;s

r¿ mr¿ foh yer''' ”

“'''msOdkhla yrk l,la fuka uqL moauh újD; fldg'''”

fuu mdGj, ;o l¿ meyefhka olajd we;af;a" mdvfï by; oelajqKq

wlaIr ud,dfõ ksfhdackh ù ke;s wl=re h' uydm%dK wl=re" ;d¨c ‘Y’ yd uQ¾Oc ‘I’ hk wl=re ta w;r fjhs'

w;S;fha moH rpkd lsÍfï § uydm%dK wlaIr Ndú;hla olakg fkd

,eì‚'


“;ud jroi fkdÈiafka - furud fodia ue Èiafka” lõis¿ñK

“foudmsh isfkye;s - j¢kqj md mshqï fm;s

tl=ure keó .;s - Tjqka l÷<ska msg f;ó .;s” ldjHfYaLrh

tjlg ,shejqKq moH .%ka:j, fkd fhÿK o .oH .%ka:hkays uydm%dK

wlaIr fhÿKq nj by; iòyka flßKs' uydm%dK wl=re yd Y" I" wl=re

yuq jkafka md,s yd ixialD; hk NdIdj, mu‚' isxy, .µ lD;sj,

md,s yd ixialD; jpk fhdod we;s neúka wmg uydm%dK yd Y" I jeks

wl=re tajdhska yuq fjhs' ‘p’ wlaIrh o yuq jkafka md,s yd ixialD;

jpkj, mu‚' isxy, mµfha fkd fhÿKq" iso;a iÕrd fydaäfhys fkd

oelafjk ;j;a wl=re lsysmhla o .µ .%ka:j, yuq fjhs' .oH f,aLkh

i|yd Ndú; flfrk uydm%dK wl=re;a" Y" I" p hk wl=re;a we;=<;a

wlaIr ud,dj ñY% isxy, fydaäh hkqfjka ye¢kafõ'

j¾;udkfha Ndú; flfrk ñY% isxy, wlaIr ud,dj wl=re yeglska

iukaú; h' tys i[a[l wlaIr o we;=<;a fõ'

j¾;udkfha Ndú; flfrk isxy, wlaIr ud,dj

iajrw wd we wE b B

W W! R RD Ì Ï

t tA ft T ´ T!

jH[ack

^w&x ^w&#

l L . > X Õ

p P c ® [ `c

g G v V K ~

; : o O k |

m M n N u U

h r , j

Y I i y < *


wo Ndú; flfrk isxy, fydaähg wl=re yegla we;=<;a ù we;af;a

l,ska l, NdIdfõ isÿ jQ fjkialïj, m%;sM, jYfhks'

md,s" ixialD; NdIdj, n,mEu ksid R" RD" Ì" Ï" ft" T! hk iajr;a

uydm%dK wlaIr yd X" p" [" uQ¾Oc I" ;d¨c Y" ^w&# hk jH[ack;a

isxy, wlaIr ud,djg tlaj ;sfí' fydaäh wjidkfhys oelafjk *

ixfla;h bx.sßis yd ´,kao jeks NdIdj, F/Ph hkqfjka ,shd olajkq

,nk Yíoh isxy, f,aLkfha oelaùug ilia lr .;a;ls'

i[a[l wlaIr isxy, NdIdjg u wkkH jQ wlaIr úfYaIhls'

w,amm%dK - uydm%dK wlaIr Ndú;h

j¾;udkfha Ndú; flfrk isxy, fydaäfha jH[ackdlaIr w;r

uydm%dK wlaIr 10la yd Bg wkqrEm w,amm%dK wlaIr 10la ;sfí'

² w,amm%dK wlaIr(

l

p

g

;

m

.

c

v

o

n

WÉpdrKh lsÍfï § wvq y~lska Yío jk fï wl=re w,amm%dK f,i

ye¢kafõ'

² uydm%dK wlaIr(

L

P

G

:

M

>

®

V

O

N

uydm%dK hkafkys wre; ‘WÉpdrKfha § Yajik jdhqj jeä m%udKhla

msg lrñka Yío lrk’ hkq hs' uydm%dK Yío WÉpdrKfha § uqLfhys


ls%hdldß;ajh flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lsÍfuka Tng w,amm%dK-uydm%dK

fNaoh hkq l=ula oehs ksrdlrKh lr .ekSu myiq jkq we;' w,amm%dK

Yíoh uqúka msg jk úg ta iu. ksl=;a jk jdhq Odrdfõ m%udKhg jvd

jeä jdhq Odrdjla uydm%dK Yío WÉpdrKfha § ksl=;a jkq ye¢k .;

yels h'

isxy, f,aLkfhys uydm%dK wlaIr yuq jkafka md,s yd ixialD;

NdIdj,ska .;a we;eï jpk ,sùfï § mu‚'

Wod( L - f,aLk > - ix>

P - idlÉPd ® - iÊ®dhkd

G - mdGYd,dj V - .+V

: - .%ka: O - j¾Ok

M - m%;sM, N - m%Njh

i[a[l wlaIr Ndú;h

ñY% isxy, fydaäfha jH[ackdCIr w;r “i[a[l” hkqfjka ye¢kafjk

wl=re 5la we;' tajd kï Õ" `c" ~" |" U hk wl=re hs' fuhska i[a[l

`c hkak j¾;udk f,aLk jHjydrfha olakg ke;' i[a[l wl=re

mohl uq, fkd fhfok w;r y,a ù fhfokafka o ke;'

my; oelafjk lúfhys i[a[l wl=re iys; jpk fh§ we;s wdldrh

ksÍCIKh lrkak'

k, uqÿ iqj| msß l=Uq ñhqre wU f.ä

mq, fy< l=iqu ,sh msh f;m, rka flç

i, iqÿ fifur fiai;a .sð÷fkdo jeä

n, iqn ksñ;s fmruÕ kel;g;a jeä

ksis mßÈ i[a[l fkd fh§fuka jpkj, w¾: fjkia úh yels h'

w. - wÕ

wv - w~

wo - w|

wn - wU


wlaIr úkHdi Í;s

f,aLkfha tk lsishï mohlg wh;a wlaIr tlsfklg .<md ,shkq

,nk wkqms<sfj< wlaIr úkHdih hkqfjka ye¢kafõ' fmdÿfõ isxy,

f,aLlhka w;r ms<s.ekSug ,la ù we;s wlaIr úkHdi Í;s fyj;a rgd

iuQyhla isxy, f,aLk jHjydrfha y÷kd .; yels h' tfy;a we;eï

moj, wlaIr úkHdih ms<sn| Í;s oelaúh fkd yels h'

kQ;k isxy, f,aLk jHjydrfha wlaIr úkHdi ms<sn| fmdÿ Í;s

ud,djla my; oelafõ'

k" K wlaIr Ndú;h

“Kh” hk jpkh yereKq úg" fjk;a lsisÿ kQ;k isxy, jpkhl

wdrïNfhys “K” ldrh fkd fhfohs'

Kh" Khldrhd" Kh.e;s" Khuqo,a

mohl wjidkfha zzKZZ ldrh fhfo;;a th y,a ù fkd fhfoa'

modjidkfha y,a ù fhfoa kï th wksjd¾hfhka u oka;c zzkaZZ úh

hq;= h'

w;aika ^w;aik& blauka ^blauk&

lka ^lk& myka ^myk&

kdu moj, yd úfYaIK moj, “r” hkakg miqj fhfokafka uQ¾Oc

“K” ldrh hs'

r K wêlrK widOdrK

WmlrK mqrdK

mßKduh oreKq

y,a “r” hkakg miqj fhfokafka uQ¾Oc “K” ldrh hs'

l¾K wiïmQ¾K

j¾K ixlS¾K

rldrdxYh iys; wlaIrhlg miqj o fhfokafka uQ¾Oc “K” ldrh hs'

wduka;%K m%Kdu

uqøK fY%a‚h

¾ K


.egh iys; we,ms,a,g miqj o uQ¾Oc “K” ldrh fhfohs'

RK ;DK

² by; i|yka rgdj,g wkql+, fkd jk wjia:d lSmhla o isxy,

f,aLk jHjydrfha yuq fjhs'

“r” hkakg miqj “K” ldrh fhfo;;a" “r” hkakg miqj fhfok

“k” wlaIrh mofha wjidk wl=r kï th oka;c “ka” wl=r u fjhs'

mqrka ñksrka f;drka

rka nureka uiqrka

“;” “:” “o” “O” “k” hk wl=rlg uq,ska y,a ù fhfokafka oka;c

“ka” wlaIrh hs'

ka; ( m%dka; Ñrka;k

ka: ( .%ka: .%kaÓh

kao ( ulrkao pkaok

kaO ( wkaO iq.kaO

kak ( Tgqkak me/kafkda

l%shd moj, “r” ldrhg miqj fhfokafka oka;c “k” ldrh hs'

lrkjd - lrkq - lrk

orkjd - orkq - ork

yodrk - yodrkq - yodrk

bx.%Sis" wrdì jeks NdIdj,ska isxy,hg meñ‚ moj, “r” ldrhg miqj

oka;c “k” ldrh ,súh hq;= h'

w¾kiaÜ (Earnest) j¾kka (Vernan) l=rdkh (Quaran) brdkh (Iran) kshqfrdakh (Neuron) ,¾k¾ia (Learners)

uQ¾Oc “I” ldrhg miqj fhfokafka uQ¾Oc “K” ldrh hs'

;DIaKdj mdIdK

¥IK NslaIqŒ

r$ka

ka ;

:

o

O

k

I K


;d¨c “Y” ldrhg miqj fhfokafka oka;c “k” ldrh hs'

Y k

foaYk m%Yak

o¾Yk úu¾Yk

oka;c i-hkakg miqj fhfokafka oka;c “k” hkak hs'

wiaik jiaidk

wiak ,iaik

tfy;a “Y” hkafkys rldrdxYhla iys; kï t;ek fhfokafka uQ¾Oc

“K” hkak hs'

ñY%K fY%a‚ iïñY%K

“g” “G” “v” “V” “K” hk uQ¾Oc wlaIrj,g uq,ska uQ¾Oc “K” wl=r

fhfoa'

Ka g

G

v

K

>Kagdr" lKagl

wys.=KaÀl" lKaGc

wLKav" wdKavq

;ïnmKaKs" jKaKkd

² tfia jqj o my; oelafjk mo ;=ka j¾.h flf¾ by; Í;sh n,

fkd mdhs'

hqfrdamSh NdIdj,ska wd mo (

wekafgkdj (antenna) le,ekavrh (calander) fgkavrh (tender) je,kaghska (valentine)

my; oelafjk j¾.hg wh;a l%shd mo (

lrkag lrkav

is;kag is;kav

“g” hkafkka iïnkaO jk kdu mo (

orejkag Tjqkag

ldka;djkag ñksiqkag


f.!rjd¾:h yeÕùug Ndú; flfrk moj, uQ¾Oc “K” hkak fhfoa'

mshdfKda" mshdKka mq;Kqfjda" mq;Kqjka

Èh‚fhda" Èh‚hka mq;Kav" u,Kav

my; oelafjk j¾.fha l%shd moj, uQ¾Oc “K” ldrh fhfoa'

¸' ,eìK" ,eì‚ jeáK" jeá‚ oeksK" oeks‚

¸¸' ,enqK" ,enqKq weiqK" weiqKq fhÿK" fhÿKq

¸¸¸' ,enqKd h" ,enqKdy" ,enqfKñ" ,enqfKuq" ,enqfKa h

,enqfKd;a" ,enqfKda h

my; oelafjk wdldrfha w;S; ld, l%shd moj, uQ¾Oc “K” ldr

folla fhfoa'

weñ‚K" weñ‚‚ weuqKqK" weuqKqKq

.e‚K" .e‚‚ .eKqK" .eKqKq

meñ‚K" meñ‚‚ meuqKqK" meñKqKq

úls‚K" úls‚‚ úlsKqK" úlsKqKq

“-kak” hkqfjka wjika jk tal jpk kdu moj," fhfokafka oka;c

“k” ldrh hs'

bkak ( bks .skak ( .sks

Tgqkak ( Tgqkq ÿkak ( ÿkq

we;skak ( we;sks hlskak ( hlsks

fou< niska wd moj, yuq jk uQ¾Oc “K” ldrh ta wdldrfhka u

ksrEmKh lsÍu fyda ta fjkqjg oka;c “k” ldrhlska ,sùu fyda l<

yels h'

lKaKdä$lkakdä ^fo' lKaKdä&

jKaKu$jkaku ^fo' jKaKï&


," < wlaIr Ndú;h

uQ¾Oc “<” hkafkka wdrïN jk mo tajdfha w¾: wkqj m%fNao lSmhlg

fjka l< yels h'

¸' yDoh" yoj;" is;" mmqj hk w¾:h fok mo (

<ne¢" <ueo" <h" <eu" f<ka.;=

¸¸' <má" nd," fkd fïrE hk w¾:h fok mo (

<o" <oeßh" <m¨" <ysre" <dnd,

¸¸¸' ióm" wdikak" kqÿre hk w¾:h fok mo (

B<`." <x ^fjkjd&" <`." <`.ska

¸¹' fjk;a mo (

<| ^ldka;dj&" <ud" <eyen" <s|" <eõ

mohl wjidkfha “<” ldrh fhfo;;a" mo wjidkfhys y,a ù

fhfokafka oka;c “,” wl=r ñi uQ¾Oc “<” wl=r fkd fõ'

ll=, ^ll=,a& f;d, ^f;d,a&

“,a,” hk wdldrhg fhfok moj, fhfokafka oka;c “,” wl=r hs'

we`.s,a, - we`.s,s ish,A, - ish¨

uy,a,d - uy¨ u,a, - u¨

“ms<s” hkafkka wdrïN jk mo uQ¾Oc “<” ldrh iys;j ,súh hq;= h'

ms<s.kakjd ms<s;=re

mss<sn| ms<sfj<

‘fmd<’ hkak uQ¾Oc “<” ldrh iys;j fhfoa'

wUkafmd< fj<|fmd<

.ïfmd< jevfmd<

ÿïßh fmd< .=jka f;dgqfmd<


fou< niska wd moj, yuq jk uQ¾Oc “<” ldrh ta wdldrfhka u

ksrEmKh lsÍu fyda ta fjkqjg oka;c “,” ldrhlska ,sùu fyda isÿ

l< yels h'

l<mqj$l,mqj ^fo' l<mamq&

ud<s.dj$ud,s.dj ^fo' ud<sffl&

Y" I" i wl=re Ndú;h

;d¨c “Y” hkafkka werfUk jpk rdYshla ñY% isxy,fha we;'

Yío YiH Ydia;%

Y;l Y,H YsLr

YÍr Yl% Y=oaO

“j” hkakg uq,ska “Y” fhfoa'

wYajhd" wdYajdi" úYajh" úYajdi

“p” hkakg uq,ska “Y” fhfoa'

wdYap¾hh ksYap,

mYapd;a mYaÑu

Y" I wl=re tl <Õ fhfok úg “Y” hkak uq,ska fhfoa'

úfYaI YsIAgdpdrh

YsIHhd wjfYaI

“Y” wl=re folla tlg fh§u

ksYaYío ÿYaYS,

g" G" l" m wlaIrj,g uq,ska uq¾Oc “I” fhfoa'

g ( úYsIAg" ÿIAg" wksIAg

G ( lksIAG" fcHaIAG" fY%aIaG" O¾ñIAG

l ( Y=IAl" ÿIalr" wfmalaIl" ksIal%Sh

m ( mqIam" ksIAM," jdIAm" ksIAmdok


“;” hkakg uq,ska oka;c “i” hkak fhfoa'

mqia;ld, iuia;

m%ia;dr m%ia;dj

jia;= jdia;=

úia;r

fjk;a wjia:d

wdNdih wdiajdoh

úiauh fldÜGdi

wjfndaOh

1' mer‚ fydaäfha fkdue;s jqj;a j¾;udkfha Ndú; isxy,

wlaIr ud,dfõ we;=<;a wlaIr j¾. folla kï lrkak'

2' iso;a iÕrd fydaäfha we;s iajr wl=re ,shd olajkak'

3. i[a[l wl=re ,shd olajkak'

4' isxy, wlaIr ud,dfõ uydm%dK wlaIr lSh o@ tA fudkjd o@

5. iso;a iÕrd fydaäfha we;=<;a fkd jQ kuq;a th ,shejqKq hq.fha

fmd; mf;ys fhÿKq iajrhla mdvu weiqfrka kï lrkak'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk lúfhys fh§ we;s i[a[l wl=re iys; mo

Wmqgd olajkak'

i,a imq lSK fodU ? r`. kd ñfo,S

mq,a trye¢ fydam¨ ó wU mf<d,S

fmd,a mqjl=Õ= rU u, nq,; i,su,S

ks,a .k id fijK¨ fof;r ukl,S


2' my; i|yka mdGh lshjd tys fh§ we;s uydm%dK wlaIr iys;

jpk Wmqgd olajkak'

“fm%!V b;sydihlg ysñlï lshk fï Y%S ,xldoaùmfhys i;=re

.k÷re ì| yer Oj, P;% kexjQ fYa%IaG krm;shl= jQ jÜg.dñŒ

wNh uy rcqf.a rdcH iufha ud;f,a w¨ f,fka § uyd ix>

r;akh úiska ;%smsgl O¾u ix.dhkdjla mj;ajd wLKavj wdrlaId

lr .ekSu i|yd .%ka:drEV lr ;eîu Ydik b;sydifha jvd;a

m%;sM, odhl jQ ixisoaêhls'”3' my; oelafjk jdlHj, ysia ;ekg iqÿiq jpkh bÈßfha we;s

jrykska f;dard jdlHh iïmQ¾K lrkak'

i. iïm%odhdkql+,j fmd,a f;,a '''''''''''''''''''''' o,ajd W;aijh

wdrïN flßKs' ^myK - myk&

ii. i| ''''''''''''''''''''' m;s;j l=uqÿ u,a msfmhs' ^lsrk - lsrK&

iii. ''''''''''''''''''''' Ôùka /l .ekSu wfma hq;=luls' ^jk - jK&

iv. ysre nei h;a u ''''''''''''''''''''' w÷r me;sfrkakg úh'

^.K -.k&

v. keK ''''''''''''''''''''' msßmqka orejka youq' ^kqj‚ka - kqjkska&

vi. yuk u| ''''''''''''''''''''' .suk ksjhs' ^k< - k,&

vii. Tyqf.a .dhkh is;a weo .kakd ''''''''''''''''''''' úh' îq¿ - iq¨&

viii. foaYkfha § Tyq ''''''''''''''''''''' l< woyia ljqre;a w.h l<y'

^m, - m<&

ix. msmS jefkk ''''''''''''''''''''' mshqï jkh jefjys wisßh

lshd mdhs' ^fy, - fy<&

x. iuyre ''''''''''''''''''''' hg .sks fuka isf;ys ffjrh /l .ks;s'

^w¨ - w¿&


m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' isxy, wlaIr ud,dj úúO wlaIr j¾. i|yd úúO j¾K iys;j

,shd igykla ms<sfh, lrkak'

2' mqj;am;l ,smshla f;dard f.k tys wlaIr úkHdi fodaI iys;

jpk ;sfí kï ksjerÈ lrkak'

4' ksjerÈ wlaIr úkHdih iys; jpkh f;dard ,shkak'

i. YsIaGdpdrh" YsIAgdpdrh" Ysiagdpdrh

ii. úYauh" úIauh" úiauh

iii. ksIAM," ksYam," ksiaM,

iv. wdYajdo" wdIajdo" wdiajdo

v. fldÜGdYh" fldÜGdih" fldÜGdIh

vi. ÿIag" ÿYag" ÿiag

vii. m%ia;dr" m%Ya;dr" m%Ia;dr

viii. wdNdIh" wdNdYh" wdNdih

ix. ksiaYío" ksYaYío" ksIAYío

x. úfYaIK" úfIAYK" úfiaik

5' my; oelafjk fþoj, wlaIr úkHdi fodaI iys; ia:dk ksjerÈ

lr ,shkak'

¸' lvfmd,g .sh ;d;a;d tk ;=re uu lvq,a, ,. n,d isáfhñ' ta

Tyq ug fgdmS folla /f.K tkq we;ehs hk úIajdifhks' wÿr

.,d toa§ wE; wyfia yo mdhd tkq fmkq‚'

¸' NdYdfõ úfIaY;ajhla jkafka f,aLKhg yd l;khg ndú; l,

yels ùu hs' isxy, ndYdj ie,l+ úg tys l;k iajrEMfha f,aLK

iajrEmhg jvd fjkialï mj;sk nj fmfKa'

6' my; i|yka jpk we;=<;a w¾:j;a jdlHh ne.ska ,shkak'

i. m%odk ii. kqjK

iii. kqn iv. l|


N+f.da,Sh idOl" mdßißl úfYaI;d" ksIAmdok l%u" Ôjk l%u

weoys,s" úYajdi" is;=ï me;=ï wdÈ fya;= ksid úúO jQ jHjydr /ila

isxy, NdIdjg tl;= ù we;' ù f.dú;ek yd ne÷Kq isß;a úß;a

yd tA wdY%s; ck jyr fï w;=frka úfYaIs; h' ‘ù’ nqoaO fNda.hla

f,i ie,fla' lu; yd ù w;r nqÿka jykafiaf.a yd foúhkaf.a

iïnkaO;djla we;ehs isxy,fhda úYajdi lr;s' ù f.dú;ek yd

ne÷Kq nia jyr yd isß;a úß;a fudkjd oehs y÷kd .kakg fï

mdvu Tng WmldÍ jkq we;'

Ths rhsf¾ Ths rdud4


wkqrdO" Tyqf.a uj;a iu. .ug .sfha Èk ;=kl ksjdvqj .; lsÍug h'

;u ududf.a mq;d jk isßu,a iu. fi,a,ï lsÍu ;rï i;=gla Tyqg

ke;' fï ksjdvqj ,eîfï i;=g fo.=K f;.=K jQfha udu,df.a l=Uqf¾

f.dhï mE.Su o fuÈkg u fh§ ;sîu ksid h'

ysre wjrg hkakg fmr odú;a rd,ydñ we;=¿ f.dú msßi lu;g hkakg

iQodkï jQy' isßu,a yd wkqrdO;a Tjqka yd tla jQy'

“mqf;a" wïudf.ka h;=r b,a,f.k tkak'”

“fyd|hs wmamÉÑ”

“fudlg o whsfha l=Uqrg h;=rla” wkqrdO weiS h'

“u,a,S" f.dhï md.k ;ek l;d lrkafka f.or l;d lrk jpkj,g

jvd fjkia jpk' luf;a jpk yß u fjkia' oeka wmamÉÑ ug f.akak

lsjqfõ l=,a,' l=,a,g ;uhs luf;a § h;=r ke;a;ï h;=re f.dhshdj

lshkafka'”

“wïfï h;=r flda@ wmamÉÑ f.akak lsjqjd”

“h;=r ù ìiai <Õ t,a,,d we;s mqf;a" fï r;= .Õ=,;a lu;g f.kshkak'

u,a,s;a tlal” lshñka nKavdr ue‚fla yl=re iu. f;a lyg fmdaÉÑhla

isßu,ag ÿkakd h'

“whsfha" f;a lygj,g fkao" r;= .Õ=, lshkafka@”

“Tõ" u,a,S" yl=rej,g lshkafka ‘ri fndah’ lsh,d' wms blaukg huq'

oeka wmamÉÑ wrla jf<a" wrla jia;= ;ekam;a lrkak ,Eia;s fjkjd

we;s'”

“whsfha" luf;a § ug wrla j< fmkakkak fydf|a'”

lu; wi,g meñK f;a lyg iy yl=re Ndckh ueiai u; ;enQ

isßu,a" wkqrdOf.a w;ska w,a,d .;af;a h'

“u,a,S" f.dhï md.kak meÿre t<,d ;shk ;ekg lshkafka ‘mdjr’ lsh,d'

‘lu;’ lshkafka fld< uvjk uq¿ ìug u' lu;g ‘l,úg’ lsh,;a lshkjd'

wr lu; ueo wmamÉÑ bkak ;ek ;uhs wrla j< ;sfhkafka' huq t;ekg'”


“wmamÉÑ" fï wkqrdO u,a,sg wrla j< .ek lsh,d fokakflda”

“tkak mqf;a" f.dhï luf;ka ;shk kel;;a <Õ hs' fukak fu;ek

;uhs wrla j<” hs lshñka Tyq lu; ueo" wrla j< u; ;ekam;a lrkakg

iQodkï lr we;s wrla jia;= .ek o meyeÈ,s lf<a h'

uq,ska u ly j;=r by,d y÷ka lsß meka by,d ;uhs ksoka jia;= ;shkafka'

wrla j< ueo ‘f.dka lKqj’ ysgjkjd' fïjd ;uhs wrla jia;=' fï lgq

yla fn,a,dg lshkafka' ‘wrla fn,a,d’ lsh,d' fï T!IO fmdÜgkshg

lshkafka ‘wrla uq;a;d’ lsh,hs' hlv lE,a,l=;a ;ekam;a lrkak ´kE'

tA ksid ;uhs" wms fï ‘,shkakdj’ ;shkafkaZhs lshñka odú;a rd,ydñ

oEle;a;la fmkaù h' nq,;a iy mqjla o t;ekska ;enQ Tyq"

“mqf;a fï fiaru wfma pdß;%' mdjr wdrCId lrkakghs fï isß;a

lrkafka' oeka fj,dj yß' mq;d,d mdjfrka tydg fj,d n,d f.k

bkak'” odú;a rd,ydñ wrla jia;= ksoka lr je÷ï msÿï wdrïN lf<a h'

“wkak whsfha" udud w¿j,ska fudlla o w¢kjd'”

“wd'''tA w¢kafka lu;a hka;f¾' Th hka;f¾g ‘wgu.,’ lsh,;a

lshkjd' ‘w¿yka jvkjd’ lshkafka Th pdß;%hg ;uhs'”

“wr f,dl= f.dhï f.dv <Õg huq whsfha'”

“t;ekg oeka u hkak neye' ta f.dhï f.dvg lshkafka ‘jg u¿j’ lsh,d' ‘f.dhï fld<h’ lsh,;a lshkjd' Thd n,d f.k bkakflda

oeka wmamÉÑ fudlo lrkafka lsh,d'”

odú;a rd,ydñ jg u¿j fj; f.dia tys y;r me;af;ka ‘Wmamsv’ ne.ska

f.k wrla j< jid we;s iqÿ msrejgh u; ;nd ù lr,a w;ska fmdä lr

f.dhñka fjka lr .;a ù weg lu; mqrd biafia h'

“wehs whsfha lu; mqrd ù byskafka@”

“tAl;a pdß;%hla' tAlg lshkafka ‘ne; jvkjd’ lsh,d' yenehs luf;a §

ùj,g lshkafka ‘ne;’ lsh,d' oeka jg u¿fõ f.dhï" mdjrg f.fkhs'

fnda,;af;ka lu; w;= .d,d ly j;=r by,d ;uhs ‘uymamsv’ uq,ska u

mdjfrka ;shkafka'”


“isßu,a mqf;a" ishd;= udud;a tlal uqÿkd mdjrg wrf.k tkak'”

odú;a rd,ydñ lu;g f.kd uqÿkd wrla j< ueo isgqjd we;s f.dka

lKqfõ nekafoa h' uqÿkd iu. wïnrefjda i;r fofkla wd¢k ,oy'

odú;a we;=¿ f.dú msßi mdjrg je|" fld< f.dka .eySu wdrïN l<y'

wïnrejka olalñka f.dhï ueãug wdidfjka n,d isá wkqrdO" isßu,a

iu. mdjrg mh ;eî h'

“tkak u,a,S wms f.dkaldrfhda fjuq” hs lshñka isßu,a flúg w;g

.;af;a h' wkqrdOf.a w;g o È. fldagqjla ÿka isßu,a" “u,a,s;a fï

flúg .kak” hs lshñka ´fia we§u werö h' w~yerfha y~ fj,a hdh

mqrd fodaxldr fokakg úh'

“fyda'''''''fyda'''''''wïud''''''hd''''''''ka''''''''wmamd''''''Ths''''''rhsf¾'''''''Ths

rdud''''''fld< uevmd''''ka'''''fydhs''''''rdfuda''''''”

“whsfha" Tkak" Tkak"” lshñka wkqrdO mfilg jQfha uqyqK yl=<d

f.k" keyeh o jid .ksñks'

“wd''''yß" yß” lshñka" isßu,a uevqjka álla oE;g f.k wïnrejka

fy<k f.dïmia w,a,d tAjd mdjrg jeàu j<lajd luf;ka msg;g ùis

lf<a h'

“whsfhda u,a,S" tAjg le; ys;,d nE' f.dïmia mdjrg jefgkak fokafka

kE' ne;g f.dïmia jefgk tl fyd| kE' wkak" u,a,S wr l,d;hd

mdjfrka msg hkafka' W!j fuydg .kak'”

“ljqo whsfha@ fldfya o" l,d;hd bkafka@”

“wd'''''ug tAl lsh,d fokak neß jqKd' fï f.dka lKqj <Õ u bkafka

uqÿkd' thd ;uhs fï wE÷;af;a kdhlhd'”

“B <Õg fld<uq;a;d' B <Õg t<súiaid' B <Õg uÜghd' wka;suhd

;uhs l,d;hd' thd yeu ;siafia u mdjfrka t<shg hkak n,kjd'

fï yefudag u luf;a § lshkafka yrla lsh,d fkfjhs" ‘wïnrefjda’ lsh,d'”


“yd''yd'' huq orejfka" fiaoeß lruq' fiaoeß lruq'”

fyda'''''fyda'''''wïud'''''hd'''''ka''''''wmamd'''''''

lshñka ishd;= wïnrejka olalkakg úh'

“u,a,S wms jev blauka lruq' ishd;= udud wmg lsjqfõ tAlhs'”

fï l;dny w;r fld<uq;a;d f.dhï lkakg úh' th ÿgq isßu,a"

“u,a,S" Th fld<uq;a;d f.dhï ‘id;a;=’ fjkjd" flúfgka ;Ügq lr,d

.uk blauka lrjkak'”

uÿrejkaf.ka wdrlaId ùfï yd wdf,dalh ,nd .ekSfï wruq‚ka

luf;ka msg .sksue< .eiSu idudkHfhka isÿ jkakls' idÈßia Wkakefya

.sks fud<jkakg fld< frdvq yd or /ia lf<a h' luf;a § fï l%shdj

y÷kajkafka ‘r;a;d fnda lsÍu’ hkqfjks' idÈßia r;a;d fnda lroa§ ú,shï

meÕsß fndah mqrkakg úh' ‘meÕsß fndah msÍu’ hkq nq,;a úg lEu hs'

fï w;r nKavdr ue‚fla" ìfida ue‚fla" ue.s,ska iy wkqrdOf.a uj

weUq, /f.k lu;g fiakaÿ jQy' tfy;a ldka;djkag lu; ;yxÑ h'

lEuj, iqj| oekqKq úg wkqrdOf.a nv.skak fmrg wdfõ h'

“whsfha" wms;a n;a luq'”

“u,a,S" luf;a n;a kE'”

“lu;a n;g lshkafka ‘weUq,’ lsh,d' iuyre ‘uq;af;Ügqj’ lsh,;a

lshkjd' luf;a § lkafka kE" imamdhï fjkjd" ke;akï id;a;=

fjkjd' fmdâvla bkak' wmamÉÑ l;d lrk ;=re'”

“isßu,a mqf;a" wïnrejka msg lu;a lrkak” lshñka odú;a rd,ydñ

weUq, ;nd we;s ueiai foig .sfha h'

“u,a,S" wïnrejka luf;ka msgg olaluq' Wka ‘bmke,a,’ W,d lld

b£ú'” isßu,a fuda,aläka wïnrejka l=Uqrg olald weUq, ri n,kakg

wdfõ wkqrdO o legqj h'

“u,amdjr lrkak l,ska imamdhï fjuq' ue‚fla weUq, fma l<d kï


fyd|hs” lshñka odú;a rd,ydñ ‘l=U,a f.äh’ w;g .;af;a tys j;=r msÍ

we;aoehs oek .ekSug h' nKavdr ue‚fla weUq, fn§u wdrïN l<d h'

uq,ska u ‘w;a;ug’ meñ‚ f.dùkag ix.%y lrkakg weh odú;a rd,ydñ

iu. tla jQjd h' isßu,a yd wkqrdO o lu;a nf;ys ri neÆy'

imamdhu wyjr jQ miq b;sß wvqu l=vqu tla /ia lr .;a ldka;dfjda

wdmiq hkakg ieriqKy'

“wms .syska tkakï rd,ydñ' ;j állska ‘l¿ .Õ=,’ tjkakï' isßu,a

mq;d f.or tjkak'”

“ue‚fla" yS,a wvqlal=jg ‘lsß ln¿’ álla iQodkï lrkak'”

“fyd|hs rd,ydñ”

“whsfha" fudkjo lsß ln¿ lshkafka”

“Wfoa lEug luf;a § lshkafka yS,a wvqlal=j' yS,a wvqlal=jg wdmam

yokak lsh,d ;uhs wmamÉÑ wïug lsjqfõ' Tkak Thdg Wfoag wdmam;a

lkak mq¿jka fydf|a' ;j állska wms huq l¿ .Õ==, f.akak' Thd

ys;kafka fudkjo l¿ .Õ=, lshkafka@”

“fldams fjkak we;s' wehs wms tk fldg f.kdfj r;= .Õ=, fka' r;=

.Õ=, lshkafka f;a lyg kï l¿ .Õ=, lshkafka fldams fjkak ´kE'”

“yßhg yß u,a,S”

fofokd u kej; mdjrg .sfha B<Õ uevùug uq, mqrkakg h'

“u,a,S" fï f.dhï .iaj, ;snqKq ù weg Tlafldu oeka mdjrg ye,s,d'

fï uevjqKq f.dhug lshkafka ‘uevqjka’ lsh,d' fïjdfha ;sfhk ù

weg mdjrg jefgk úÈhg uevqjka y, y,d luf;ka msgg odkjd' wr

n,kak wmamÉÑ wf;a ;sfhkafka fudlla o lsh,d' tAlg lshkafka ‘oe;s

f.dhshdj’ lsh,hs' taflka ;uhs uevqjka wjqiai,d fokafka'”

“tAl ,Sj,ska yomq tlla fka o@”

Tõ' lrejla ;sfhk ,Shlska ;uhs oe;s .y yokafka' m<uqfjks uevqjka

y,d nEug lshkafka ‘u,a mdjr’ lrkjd lsh,hs'


“tA lshkafka oeka jev bjr o@”

“kE''kE''" wmamÉÑ,d wdfhu;a ‘jg odkjd'’ Bg miafihs wms fokakg

jev ;sfhkafka'”

“fudkj o jfÜg odkafka@”

“lu; jfÜ ;=kS fj,d úisß,d ;sfhk f.dhï mdjrg odkjg lshkafka

jg odkjd lsh,d'”

“wïnrejkag fkd mE.=Kq f.dhu fojeks ief¾ fld< f.dka .yk

fldghs mEf.kafka' f.dhu fyd¢ka uevfjk fldg ne; mdjrg

jefgkjd'”

“wkak" ú,shï udud wïnrejka wrf.k tkjd'”

“wehs whsfha" wïnrejka tA mdfrka u f.akafka”

“tfyu ;uhs u,a,S' yeu me;af;ka u yeu ;ekska u wïnrejka lu;g

.kafka kE' wïnrejka lu;g we;=¿ jk mdrg lshkafka ‘fuda,alv’ lsh,hs'”

“uf.a flúg flda isßu,a whsfha@”

“wd'''fï ;sfhkafka' Tkak u,a,S fï ief¾ kï f.dïmia w,a,kak

fjhs'''”

“yß" yß" oeka ug mq¿jka”

“mqf;a isßu,a" flda''''fï f.dkaldrfhda fokakd” odú;a rd,ydñ jg msg

n,oa§ isßu,a yd wkqrdO w~yer mdkakg jQy'

“fyda''''fyda''''wïud'''''

fyda''''fydahshd'''wmamd''''

Ths rhsf¾''''Ths''''rdud

fld< uevmd''''ka Ths rd''''fuda''''”


ìiai OdkH ;ekam;a lr ;eîug ilik úYd, fmÜáh

Wmamsv w;g yiq jk ;rï m%udKhl f.dhï ñg

msrejgh msßisÿ iqÿ froaola

uymamsv luf;a ;nk uq,a u Wmamsv

wE÷;a; tlsfkldg wE|d we;s yrla

f.dka lKqj luf;a yrla .eg .yk lKqj

w~yerh wïnrejka Èßu;a lrk y~ .Eu

f.dïmia f.du

uq;af;Ügqj lu;a wdydrh$lu;a n;

;yxÑ ;yku

bmke,a, f.dhï lemSfuka miq f.dhï .fia b;sß fldgi

l=U,a f.äh l<h$j;=r Ndckh

weUq, fma lsÍu luf;a wdydr fn§u wdrïN lsÍu

w;a;u Woõjg jev lr §u

imamdhu wdydr wkqNj lsÍu

yS,a wvqlal=j Wfoa wdydrh

fiaoeß lrkjd blauka lrkjd


wjfndaOh

1' wkqrdOf.a ksjdvqj m%S;su;aj yd M,odhSj .; jkakg fya;= jQ

lreKq fudkjd o@

2' isßu,a wkqrdOg meyeÈ,s lr ÿkafka l=uk ld¾hhla .ek o@

3' mdjr /l .ekSu i|yd lrk pdß;% fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

4' w;a;ug jev lsÍu i|yd lu;g meñ‚ fofokl= kï lrkak'

5' wdydr mdk lsysmhla iòyd úfYaI fhÿï fï mdvfï we;=<;a

fõ' tA fudkjd o@


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ‘w’ ;Srej yd ‘wd’ ;Srej hd lrkak'

zwZ zwdZ

f.dkaldrfhda blauka lrkjd

wrla uq;a;d wE÷;af;a wka;suhd

fiaoeß lrkjd uevùu

uq;af;Ügqj wïnrejka olalkafkda

r;a;d fnda lsÍu nq,;a úg lkjd

u,a mdjr lsÍu wrla jf<ys ;ekam;a lrk T!IO

fmdÜgksh

meÕsß fndah mqrkjd Wfoa wdydrh

l,d;hd lu;a n;

fld< f.dka .eySu uq,a u uevqjka ye,Su

yS,a wvqlal=j .sksue< .eiSu

3' lu;a NdIdfõ my; i|yka fhÿï i|yd idudkH jHjydrfha

fhfok mo ,shkak'

i. h;=r - viii. weUq, -

ii. ne; - ix. uevqjka -

iii. flúg - x. meÕsß fndah -

iv. l¿ .Õ=, - xi. f.dï mia -

v. ri fndah - xii. imamdhu -

vi. ,shkakdj - xiii. fiaoeß -

vii. l=U,a f.äh - xiv. lsß ln¿ -

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' mdvfuys Tn is;a .;a wjia:djla Ñ;%hg k.kak'

2' luf;a § Ndú; flfrk úfYaI fhÿï ms<sn|j ì;a;s mqj;am;g

,smshla ilia lrkak'


kdu mo

ifÉ;ksl yd wfÉ;ksl ish¨ jia;= y÷kajk mo ‘kdu mo’ fjhs'

fï kdu mo flfrys" jpk fNaoh fyj;a ixLHd fNaoh" yd ,sx. fNaoh

n, mdhs'

jpk fNaoh îxLHd fNaoh&

.Kkh l< yels foaj,a ‘tlla’ fyda ‘tlg jeä’ hkqfjka ldKav l<

yels hs'

WodyrK (

u, ^tl hs& u,a ^tlg jeä hs&

l=re,a,d ^tla flkd hs& l=re,af,da ^tla flkdg jeä hs&

fuys § tla whl= fyda tla fohla fyda ye¢kafjk kdu mo tAl jpk

kdu mo f,i;a tla fohlg jeäfhka we;s foaj,a fyda tla wfhl=g

jeäfhka isák lKavdhula fyda ye¢kaùug fhdok kdu mo" nyq jpk

kdu mo f,i;a ye¢kafõ'

mdvfï we;=<;aj we;s kdu mo;a tA kdu mo nyq jpk kdu mo njg

yerfjk wdldrh;a n,uq'

tAl jpk nyq jpk

I l%uh

wïud

udud

whshd

mq;d

wïu,d

udu,d

whsh,d

mq;a;=

II l%uh

l=Uqr

h;=r

meÿr

l=Uqre

h;=re

meÿre


III l%uh

lu;

f.dhu

nq,;

isß;

lu;a

f.dhï

nq,;a

isß;a

IV l%uh

pdß;%h

hka;%h

msrejgh

pdß;%

hka;%

msrejg

V l%uh

l=,a, l=¨

VI l%uh

j<

fuda,alv

j<j,a

fuda,alvj,a

VII l%uh

wvqlal=j

lvd~qj

wvqlal=

lvd~q

VIII l%uh

wïnrejd

uÿrejd

wïnrefjda

uÿrefjda

tal jpk kdu mohla nyq jpk kdu mohla njg yrjd .kakg l%u

lSmhla ;sfnk nj Tng jegfykq we;'


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' tla tla l%uh hgf;a tAl jpk kdu mo my ne.ska ,shd tAjd nyq jpk kdu mo njg yrjd ,shkak'

2' my; i|yka j.=fjys ysia ;ekaj,g iqÿiq mo fhdod j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

tAl jpk nyq jpk

isxyhd ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' f,akakq

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fmd;a

wlald ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

lvh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' m;=re

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ljr

fmÜáh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

ojgkh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' uy,af,da

3' ;%sfldaKh ;=< we;s kdu mo tal jpk yd nyq jpk hkqfjka j¾. lr j.=jl we;=<;a lrkak'

uu"

lrdnqj"

f;dms" .jqu"

jy,h" mqgq" mEk"

m;a;r" bífnda" f.j,a"

lKaKdä" >Kagdrh"

lïlrefjda" .=re;=ñh" j,dl=<"

f,aLlfhda" l¾;D" wÜgd," ;re"

ksfõolhd" l%Svlfhda" fmd;a" w,audß"

l;=re" jÜáh" fmof¾refjda" l<ukdlre"


m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' Èh f.dv l%Svdj ^lS%vlfhda oifofkls'& Èh hkqfjka tAl jpk o

f.dv hkqfjka nyq jpk o ye¢kafjk njg lKavdhu u ;SrKh

lrkak' lKavdhï kdhlhd tAl jpk kdu mohla lshoa§ ‘Èh’ hkqfjka kdu mqjrejla .id we;s fldgig hd hq;= h' nyq jpk kdu

mohla lshoa§ ‘f.dv’ hkqfjka kdu mqjrejla .id we;s fldgig

hd hq;= h' wjOdkfhka isáfhd;a Tn Èkqï'

2' tla tla l%uh hgf;a tAl jpk mo" nyq jpk mo njg yrjd ,shk

,o kdu mo mqjrejla mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

3' nyq jpk mohla ilia lr .kakd l%uj, § tAl jpk kdu moh

fjkia jk wdldrh wjfndaO lr .kakg W;aidy lrkak' hy¿jka

iu. idlÉPd lrkak'

mqreI fNaoh

ls%hd moj, mqreI fNaoh ms<sn|j Tn 6 fY%a‚fha § Wf.k we;' tu ls%hd

mo iys; jdlHj, fhfok kdu mo wod< mqreIh hgf;a my; oelafõ'

W;a;u mqreI yd uOHu mqreI ls%hd mo iu. fhfok kdu mo iSñ;

jQj;a m%:u mqreI ls%hd mo iu. fhÈh yels kdu mo /ils' ta w;=ßka

lsysmhla muKla my; j.=fõ oelafõ'

tal jpk nyq jpk

W;a;u mqreI uu

ud

wms

wm

uOHu mqreI kqU

f;da

kqU,d

f;dms$f;ms

m%:u mqreI fya$Tyq

´$wE$weh

<uhd

wïud

f.ú,sh

wïnrejd

l=re,a,d

Tjqyq

Tjqyq

<uhs

wïu,d

f.ú,sfhda

wïnrefjda

l=re,af,da


1' i. my; oelafjk wxl 01 rEmfha we;=<;aj we;s kdu mo" kshñ; j¾.hg wkqj wxl 02 rEmh ;=< i|yka lrkak'

uOHu mqreI ls%hd mo iu.

fhfok kdu mo

kd.hd" Tn" .=re;=ud" f;dms"

kqU" wms" ffjoHjrhd" uu"

mQcl;=ud" fyÈh"

lïlrefjda" kS;s{hd" ks<sh"

kqU,d" f,alï;=ud" l%Svlfhda

W;a;u mqreI ls%hd mo iu.

fhfok kdu mo

m%:u mqreI ls%hd mo iu.

fhfok kdu mo

02 rEmh

01 rEmh

,sÅ; wNHdi


m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' ls%hd mofha mqreI ;=k iu. fhfok kdu mo my; i|yka wdldrfha

uelarï ieris,a,l we;=<;a lr mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

mqreI fNaoh

W;a;u

uuf;da

kqU

Tn

wms

uOHu m%:u

Tyq

weh

Tjqyq

,sx. fNaoh

kdu moj, ,sx. fNaohla o fjhs' mqreI ,sx." ia;%S ,sx. yd kmqxil ,sx.

hkqfjks' mqreIhska .ek lshefjk kdu mo mqreI ,sx. fyj;a mqreI

jdÖ kdu mo fjhs' ia;%Ska .ek lshefjk kdu mo ia;%S ,sx. fyj;a ia;%S

jdÖ kdu mo fjhs' wm%dKjdÖ kdu mo" kmqxil ,sx. fyj;a kmqxil

jdÖ kdu mo fjhs'

mqreI jdÖ kdu mo" ia;%S jdÖ kdu mo njg yrjd .kakd wdldrh bf.k

.ksuq'

mqreI jdÖ ia;%S jdÖ

I úêh

l=urd

ue;s

rc

l=uß

ue;sks

/ðks


II úêh

t¿jd

isgq

yxihd

isxyhd

t¿ fok

isgq foaú

yxi fèkqj

isxy fèkqj

III úêh

<uhd

uy;auhd

.eyekq <uhd

fkdakd uy;auhd

IV úêh

t¿jd

óhd

t<sÉÖ

óÉÖ

V úêh

wYajhd

fudkrd

rc

fj<U

finv

ìij

VI úêh

fidr

ljqvq

l=l=¿

fir

leúä

lsls<s

by; i|yka jkafka mqreI jdÖ kdu mo" ia;%S jdÖ kdu mo njg yrjd

.kakd úê lSmhls'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka mqreI jdÖ kdu moj, ia;%S jdÖ kdu mo ,shkak'

bínd - f,aLl-

l=re,a,d - msßñ -

jiaid - lmqgd -

mq;d - we;d -

w,shd - kßhd -

44 PBfkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' ia;%S jdÖ mo" mqreI jdÖ mo yd kmqxil jdÖ mo fjka fjka jYfhka j¾. lrñka l=vd fmd;la ilia lrkak'

2' ia;%S jdÖ" mqreI jdÖ yd kmqxil jdÖ mo i|yka mqjre ì;a;sfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

3' ;o l¿ wl=frka uqøs; jpk flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrñka my;

i|yka jdlH lshjkak'

uu irex.,h hjñ' wms irex.,a hjuq' kqU fmd; n,ys' kqU,d fmd;a n,yq' Tn m;a;rh lshjys' kqU,d m;a;r lshjyq' fin<d rg rlshs' fin¿ rgj,a rls;s' u,a,S lñih w¢hs' u,a,s,d lñi w¢;s' ix.S; úYdrohd .S;h .hhs' ix.S; úYdrofhda .S; .h;s' ñksid fodr újD; lrhs' ñksiaiq fodrj,a újD; lr;s' jvqjd ,S m;=r lmhs' jvqfjda ,S m;=re lm;s' ;drldj wdf,dalh fkd fohs' ;drld wdf,dalh fkd fohs' f,akd l+vqj ;khs' f,akakq l+vq ;k;ss'


Y%S ,xldfõ wysl=KaÀl ck;dj 5

wysl=KaÀl ckhd f,i ye¢kafjkafka lKavdhï jYfhka

;ek ;ek ixpdrh lrk" iaÓr jdiia:dkj, fkd jik ck

lKavdhuls' mkaish mkia cd;l fmdf;a zpïfmHh cd;lhZ o

ioaO¾ud,xldrfha zwysl=KaÀl j;a:qZ o w;S;fha mjd .ñka .u

weúÈñka khs kgjñka Èú f.jQ wysl=KaÀl kï f.da;%hla mej;s

njg idlaIH f,i ie,fla' flfia jqj o ,xldfõ wysl=KaÀl ckhd

bka§h l=rj¾ f.da;%hg iudklï olajk nj m¾fhaIlhkaf.a

woyi hs' ,xldfõ W;=re ueo" inr.uq yd kef.kysr m<d;aj,

nyq,j u ießirk wysl=KaÀl ckhdg Tjqkag u wdfõ‚l jQ

nia jyrla" isß;a úß;a wdÈh ;sfí' tA ms<sn|j lreKq we;=<;a

fï mdvu isxy, úYajfldaIh weiqfrka ilia lr we;' úúO ck

lKavdhï ms<sn| f;dr;=re oek f.k ,nk wjfndaOfhka" jvd

hym;a iudchla ks¾udKh lsÍug Tng yels h'


wysl=KaÀl ckhd idudkHfhka fjfikafka ;,a fld<j,ska ;kd

.kakd ;djld,sl me,am;aj, h' tla ;ekl Èk lsysmhlg jvd fkd

/f|k neúka Tjqka fï ksjdi ilia lrkafka ;ekska ;ek f.k hd

yels wdldrhg h' Wi wä myla muK jk fï me,am;la È.ska wä

kjhla yd m<,ska wä y;la muK fõ' lr;a; wUrdjl yevh .kakd

fï me,am;aj, ;ud i;= WmlrK ish,a, ;nd .ekSug Tjqyq lghq;=

lr;s' uial;a ̂ msysh&" frda¨ ̂ jxf.äh&" ;df, ̂ fíiu&" bruka ̂ ysrukh&"

i;a ^l=,a,&" miardhs ^weUreï .,&" loj ^l<h&" l=Kav ^lEu msisk

j<|&" msfmÜá ^fma<dj" khs fmÜáh& iy khs k<dj Tjqkaf.a WmlrK

lsysmhls' Ôjfkdamdh i|yd kgjk khd o nvq f.k hEu i|yd Wmldr

jk nQrejd o wdrlaIdj ,nd fok iy ovhfï § iydh jk n,a,d o

fudjqkaf.a Ôú;h yd ne÷Kq i;a;= fj;s' fï i;=ka wdorfhka /l n,d

.ekSu Tjqkaf.a isß; hs' fï w;ßka kd.hd Tjqkaf.a wd.ñl úYajdi

iu. o ne£ isáhs' ;ud fjfik ksjdi ‘kd. .Dyh’ hk wre;e;s ‘kd

b,a,’ kñka y÷kajk wysl=KaÀl ckhd kd.hdg úfYaI ie,ls,a,la

olaj;s' fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a kd. wd;auhla i|yka jk ‘N+ßo;a; cd;lh’ ms<sn|j okakd Tjqyq th ;u j¾.hdf.a wdvïnrhg fya;=jla f,i

i,l;s'

yskaÿ wd.u Tjqka idudkHfhka woyk wd.u jqj o fn!oaOd.ñl

úYajdih u; mokïj fmdah Èkj, i;=ka ueÍfuka je<lS isákq oelsh

yels h' úIaKq" l;r.u" m;a;sks wdÈ foújreka weoySu o Tjqka w;r

fjhs' ovhï i|yd msg;aj hEfï § jkhg wrla .;a foúhkag l=l=¿

ì,a,la mqo lsÍu o Tjqkaf.a isß;ls'

jeäúh m;a jk .eyekq <uhl= nd, ifydaoßhl iu. fld<j,ska ;ekQ

me,l Èk y;la fjka fldg ;efnk w;r bka miq Èk myla ;,a m;a

me,l r|jd mia jk Èkfha § kekaod úiska kdjd msßisÿ lsÍfuka miq

iudchg ms<s.ekSu fudjqkaf.a pdß;%h hs' wysl=KaÀl újdyh kEkd -

uiaiskd w;r isÿ jkakls' ish /fya iqÿiq whl= fkdue;s wjia:djl wka

/yelska iqÿiail= fidhd .ekSug isÿ fjhs' bßod" i÷od iy wÕyrejdod

újdyhg iqn ojia fia ie,fla' ux., Èkfha § ukd,sh iqÿ meye

jia;%j,ska ieriS ß§ iy ùÿre weg ud, wdÈh m,¢k w;r ukd,hd ly

lñihla iy irula ye| cgdjla ysfia ne| l¿ weg ud,hlska iy w;a


j<¨j,ska ierfihs' ukd,shf.a uqyqK iy ysi iqÿ meye frÈ lvlska

wdjrKh flf¾' ukd, hqj<f.a ol=K;aj, ly lene,a,la ne| uqyqKg

ly Èhr biSfuka miq mQidßjrhdf.a wdYS¾jdo YAf,dal .dhkh uOHfha

ukd,hd ukd,shf.a f.f,ys ;e,sh n¢hs' wk;=rej udud flfkla

hqj<f.a iq<eÕs,s tla fldg ne| ms;a;, fiïnqjlska w;meka j;a

lrhs' ukd,hd fuÈk ukd,shf.a wf;a j<,a,la me,|úh hq;= w;r

oEf;ys u j<¨ m,¢kafka újdyl ia;%Ska mu‚' flfi,a fld<j, ;nd

ms<s.kajk ux., fNdackh j<|d .S .hd kgd m%S;sùfuka ux., W;aijh

ksud jk w;r újdyfhka miq t<fUk m<uq nDyiam;skaod {d;Skaf.ka

ukd, hqj<g ;E.s ,efnhs' oEjeoao jYfhka fma<djl nyd Æ khl=

fyda fokakl= o nQrejl=" n,a,l= yd w¢k m,¢k foa o §u wysl=KaÀl

pdß;%hls'

wysl=KaÀl mqreI mlaIh khs kegùu yd ß<jqka kegùu Ôjfkdamdh

lr .ksoa§ wysl=KaÀl ia;%Syq w; n,d idia;r lSu Ôjfkdamdh lr

.ks;s' i¾m úI Wrd .ekSug iu;a lD;%su .,a úfYAIhla Tjqka <Õ

;sfí' tAjd idod .kakd l%uh f.da;%fha mdrïmßl ryila fia ie,fla'

ish lKavdhfï úYajdih Èkd .;a" md,khg olaI" wmlaImd;Sj lghq;=

lrk" ukd wjfndaOhlska hqla;" ;sia úh blaujQ jeäysáhl= ish¨

fokdf.a u leue;af;ka lKavdhfï kdhlhd fyj;a wdrÉÑ f,i m;a

lr .ekSug wysl=KaÀl ckhd lghq;= lr;s' Tyqf.a ;SrKh ish¨ fokd

ms<s.kakd w;r wêlrK kdhlhd jkafka o Tyq h' whym;a f,i

lghq;= lrkafka kï Tyq fjkqjg fjk;a whl= m;a lsÍug yelshdj

we;'

wdrjq,a ;ud w;r u ksrdlrKh lr .ekSug wysl=KaÀl ckhd l%shd

lr;s' meñ‚,a,la bÈßm;a jQ úg wdrÉÑ m%uqL lKavdhï /iaùula

meje;afjk w;r th wêlrK iNdj fjhs' tu iNdj ish isß;a úß;a

yd iïm%odhka u; msysgd ,nd fok ;Skaÿj fndfyda úg fomd¾Yajhg

u ms<s.; yels tlls' hï fyhlska tfia ms<s.ekSug tla md¾Yajhla

wlue;s jQ úg ‘fldar<udj’ kï úksiqre fj; bÈßm;a flf¾' lKavdhï

y;lg tla fldar<udfjla isáhs' óg wu;rj lelEfrk f;,a n÷kl

ol=Kf;a on/Õs,a, nyd ,Su" r;a jQ hlvhla we,a,Sug §u wdÈ Èjqreï

l%u o fjhs' meñ‚,slre fjkqfjka tla ie<shla o ú;a;slre fjkqfjka


;j ie<shla o f,i tl iudk ie<s foll iy,a yd j;=r iu iuj oud

tl m%udKhg u or oeuQ <sma foll ;nd tl úg u .sks fud<jd" l,ska

meiqKq n; ysñ ;eke;a;d ksjerÈlre f,i ie,lSfï l%uhla o ;sfí'

ixpdrl Ôjk rgdj;a ir, meje;au;a wysl=KaÀl ckhdf.a úfYaI

,laIK fia ie,lsh yels h' Tjqkag u wdfõ‚l jQ isß;a úß;a /ila

;sfí' f;¨.= niska ksmojd .;a nia jyrla Ndú; lrk wysl=KaÀl

ckhdg isxy, yd fou< NdId yeisrùfï yqrejla o we;'

j¾;udkh jk úg wysl=KaÀl ckhdf.a Ôjk rgdj by; oelajqKq

mer‚ Ôjk rgdfjka fjkia ù we;' Tjqka iaÒr jdiia:dkj, Ôj;a

fjñka mer‚ Ôjfkdamdhka fjkqjg fjk;a /lshdj, ksr; jk

wdldrh o oelsh yels h'


lr;a; wUrdj lr;a;fha jy,

Ôjfkdamdh /lshdj

/fya lKavdhfï

mdrïmßl mrïmrdfjka mejf;k

f;¨.= ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ wdkaO% m%foaYfha m%Odk NdIdj

wjfndaOh

1' wysl=KaÀl ckhd ;djld,sl me,am;aj, jdih lrkafka l=uk

fya;=jla ksid o@

2' wysl=KaÀl ckhdf.a Ôú;hg ióm i;=ka kï lrkak'

3' mdvfï oelafjk wdldrhg wysl=KaÀl ckhdf.a wd.ñl úYAjdi

biau;= ù fmfkk ld¾hh l=ula o@

4' N+ßo;a; cd;lh wysl=KaÀl ckhdg úfYAI jkafka wehs@

5' wysl=KaÀl ckhd ish wdrjq,a úi|d .ekSug fhdod .kakd l%uh

mdvu weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrkak'


Wla; wkqla; fNaoh

.=rejre <uhska hyu. hj;s'

Tjqyq i;=ka ovhï lr;s'

by; jdlHj, ;o l¿ wl=frka oelafjk mo úuid n,kak' tu jdlHj,

‘hj;s’" ‘lr;s’ hk ls%hdj,ska ms<sfj<ska lshefjkafka ‘.=rejre’ iy

‘Tjqyq’ hk mo hs' jdlHhl m%Odk jk" ls%hdfjka lshefjk mo Wla;

mo f,i ye¢kafõ' ta wkqj by; jdlHhkays Wla; mo jkafka ‘.=rejre’ iy ‘Tjqyq’ hk mo hs'

tu jdlHj, fh§ we;s ‘<uhska’" ‘i;=ka’ hk mo ls%hdjg hg;a jk

l¾u mo fjhs' tajd wkqla; mo jYfhka ye¢kaúh yels h'

fun÷ jdlH ks¾udKfha § jdlHhl m%Odk jk ls%hdfjka lshefjk

kduh Wla; iajNdjfhka o tu ls%hdjg hg;a jk kduh wkqla;

iajNdjfhka o ;eîu ms<s.;a l%uh hs'

kdu mo lsysmhla Wla; wkqla; fNaoh hgf;a my; j.=fõ olajd we;'

Wla; rEmh wkqla; rEmh

uu

wms

Tn ^f;da&

f;dms

Tyq

Tjqyq

l=re,a,d

l=re,af,da

<uhs

ñksiaiq

.=rejre

<ufhla

ydfjla

ukd,shla

ifydaoßhla

ud

wm

Tn ^;d&

f;dm

Tyq

Tjqka

l=re,a,d

l=re,a,ka

<uhska

ñksiqka

.=rejreka

<uhl=

ydjl=

ukd,shl

ifydaoßhl

50 PBfkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk Wla; moj, wkqla; moh ,shkak'

wms - foúfhla - uu - orefjla - Tjqyq - oeßhla - Tn - ldka;djla - iuk,fhda - .=rejßhla -

2' Wla; yd wkqla; mo fhdod my; oelafjk j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

Wla; mo wkqla; mo

l=udrfhda

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Tyq

iuk,fhla

ffjoHjre

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Tjqka

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

orejl=

3' mdvfï we;=<;a Wla; kdu mo iy wkqla; kdu mo my ne.ska ,shkak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' wysl=KaÀl ckhd kd.hd yd ß<jd kegùug fhdod .kakd fkdfhla

fkdfhla l%Svd .ek Tn ÿgq wjia:djla weiqßka úia;r lrkak'

2' fuu mdvu weiqßka “Y%S ,xldfõ wysl=KaÀl ckhd” hk ud;Dldj

hgf;a rpkhla ,shkak'

51fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

fï ldf.a foda lu;d

ck;dj w;r u ks¾udKh ù mej; tk ck lú iïm%odhhla wm

rfÜ o olakg ,efí' iajlSh w;aoelSï rij;a m%ldYk f,i iudchg

odhdo lsÍug .eñ ckhd i;= jQ l=i,;dj ck lúfhka m%lg fõ'

mdol jQ wjia:d wkqj ck lú lu;a lú" me,a lú" mdre lú wdÈ

jYfhka j¾.SlrKhg ,la lrkq oelsh yels h'

fuu mdvug we;=<;a jkafka lu;a lú lsysmhls' f.dhï lmd fld<

ueãfï § f.dúfhda fun÷ lú .dhkh lr;s' f.dhï fl;g;a

fk<d .;a wiajekakg;a Tjqka oelajQfha buy;a f.!rjhls' luf;a

isß;a úß;a mer‚ weoys,s l%u yd ñY% ù we;' uy;a fjfyi f.k

fok f.dhï ueãfï ld¾hfha úfkdaofhka kshe,Sug lu;a lú

WmldÍ fõ'

fld< ueãfï fhfok f.dkqkag ohdfjka wu;ñka" idïm%odhsl

úYajdij,g .re lrñka f.dúhd ish ld¾hh bgq lr .kakd wdldrh

fuu lúj,ska ms<sìUq fõ'

6

52 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

ck lú y÷kd .ekSu

ck;dj w;f¾ u we;s ù ck;dj w;f¾ u wdrlaId ù mej; tk lú"

ck lú kñka ye¢kafõ' fï ck lú" fmd;aj, ,shùug fmr mej;=fKa

tAjd Ndú; l< ñksiqkaf.a u;lfha h' tfyhska ld,fhka ld,hg

NdIdj fjkia ùu;a iu. u ck lúh o fjkia ùu iajdNdúl h' fmd;a

m;aj, ,sùfuka miqj jqj o nyq, jYfhka ñksiqka w;r Ndú; jk ksid

tAjd ;j ÿrg;a fjkia fjhs'

ck lúj, l;=jrhd y÷kd .; fkd yels h' m<uqfjka lshQ ;eke;a;d

fkd okakd kuq;a tAjd ck;dj w;r ld,hla ;siafia Ndú; ùfuka

fmdÿ whs;shg m;aj we;af;a h' ck;dj w;r ksrdhdifhka my< ù

Tjqka w;r u me;sr .sh ck lúhg jia;= úIh ù we;af;a fnfyúka u

Tjqkag ióm w;aoelSï h' Tjqkaf.a tÈfkod w;aoelSï" weoys,s úYajdi"

Ôjfkdamdh" l%Svd yd úfkdaodiajdo ud¾." yeÕSï wdÈh tA w;r nyq,j u

yuq jk f;aud h'

isxy, ck lúj, iqúfYaI .=Kdx. w;r wjHdc;ajh" ir,;ajh iy

ixlaIsma;Ndjh ye¢kaúh yels h' w¨;a Wmud rEml Ndú;h o ck

lúhdf.a m%;sNdj úoyd olajk ,laIKhla f,i ie,fla' yeÕSï

m%ldYkfha § oelajQ ixhuh o we;eï ck lúhl úYsIag;ajhg fya;= ù

we;'

“wfma ck lú iduQysl Ôjk rgdfõ jeo.;a u odhdohla jekak' ;ksj

u lshk ck lúhla wmg ke;' ore ke<ú,a, mjd lshkafka b;d wvq

jYfhka fofofkl= j;a bkakd ;ekl h' me,a lúh jqj;a mef,a b|

lshk úg rd;%s md¿j yd ksixi,lu uld f.k" me,a rlskd wjfYaI

Woúhf.a foijk m;s; jkafka h' tA whf.ka flfkla ksielj u

;j;a me,a lúhlska Bg W;a;r imhkafka h' Tre mdre lú .ek

lsj hq;af;a o tA ál u h' iduQysl rgdfjka úks¾uqla; jQ ck lúhla

isxy,hd w;r fkd ù h'” kkaofiak r;akmd," ckY%e;s úoHdj


my; oelafjk lu;a lú o iduQysl l%shdldrlula jk fld< ueãu

yd iïnkaO h' ñksiqkag muKla fkd j foúhka fia weoyQ iajNdj

O¾uhg o fld< ueãug odhl jk .jhkag o tu lúj,ska lu;g

werhqï flfrhs'

fï ldf.a fï lu;d

bre foúhkaf.a lu;d

bre foúfhda ìï n¢;d

ìï ne¢ ;ek fld< n¢;d

fï ldf.a foda lu;d

i| foúhkaf.a lu;d

i| foúfhda jeä lu;d

i| foúhka ne; foj;d

fï ldf.a fï lu;d

ieu foúhkaf.a lu;d

ieu foúfhda ìï n¢;d

ìï ne¢ ;ek fld< n¢;d

fï fld;kska f.kd f.dkd

fojqkaoßka f.kd f.dkd

tA fudkjg f.kd f.dkd

fld< uvkg f.kd f.dkd

lE,sh fld< nekao ugd

uÿ fld< nekafoa l=ugd

tA ug l< fyd| lugd

fld< uevjd foka fid|gd

.,la m<d .,la ÿáï

t., m<d ß§ ÿáï

meka fndkakg <sòla ÿáï

ne; Wv isg uqyqo ÿáï


wgq fldgqj, ;sfhk ne;d

by< my< ;sfhk ne;d

,nq f.äj, ;sfhk ne;d

f.k mqrjd fï lu;d

nqÿka jäk fõ,djhs

lsß W;=rk fõ,djhs

fld< uvjk fõ,djhs

lu; msfrk fõ,djhs


lu; f.dhï md.k N+ñh$ia:dkh$l,úg

fld< n¢;d lu;a ìfï ueo fld< j¾. ;ekam;a lsÍu

ne; ù

ìï n¢;d fld< ueãu i|yd ìu ieliSu" lsß iys; fld<

j¾. yd WmlrK jfÜg ;nd ìu ilia flf¾

fld< ueãu f.dhï mE.Su

lE,sh fld< m÷re jYfhka jefjk lsß iys; me<eáhls¦

kd. neú,%$fldyq lsß,a,$.ia lE,sh

uÿ fld< yrl=ka lEug m%sh lrk .sß;s,a, l=,fha je,a

úfYaIhla' fïjd yrl=kag lEu i|yd luf;ys

;nkq ,efí'

wjfndaOh

1' lu;g foajdYS¾jdoh ,nd .ekSug W;aidy lr we;s njg WodyrK

folla fokak'

2' fld< ueãfï § f.dkd jeo.;a nj m%ldY jk lúh ,shkak'

3' “ne; Wv isg uqyqo ÿáï” hkafkka woyia jkafka l=ula o@

4' fld< ueãu uy;a wdYS¾jdohla nj mejfikafka l=uk lúfhka

o@

5' lu; mqrjkak hehs lshkafka l=uk ne;j,ska o@


úreoaOd¾: mo

lsis hï mohlska bÈßm;a flfrk w¾:hg" úreoaO jQ w¾:hla fjk;a

mohlska f.k yer olajkafka kï th úreoaOd¾: mohls'

Wod ( wE; - uE;" ÿl - iem" fyd| - krl

isxy, NdIdfõ úreoaOd¾: mo lsysm wdldrhlg iEfoa'

² kdu mohlg fyda l%shd mohlg fyda uq,ska Wmi¾.hla fh§fuka

Wod ( kïnqj - wjkïnqj

² kdu mohlg fyda l%shd mohlg fyda uq,ska ksmd; mohla fh§fuka

Wod ( fjkia - fkd fjkia

² fjk;a mohla Ndú; lsÍfuka

Wod ( we;s - ke;s

hk - tk

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka moj,g iqÿiq úreoaOd¾: mo mdvfuka fidhd ,shkak'

i. by< -

ii. fkd f.kd -

iii. krl -

iv. wfõ,dj -

v. hg -

2' jrykg msg;ska § we;s mohg iqÿiq úreoaOd¾: moh jryka ;=<ska

f;dard háka brla w¢kak'

i. wjudk ^wiudk" úudk" iïudk&

ii. wka; ^wka;r" iudka;r" wkka;&

iii. wNHka;r ^ksrka;r" ndysr" wka;r&

iv. ffu;%S ^lreKd" fl%daO" ffjÍ&

v. hy.=K ^wj.=K" w.=K" fo.=K&


vi. W;a;u ^Wiia" wOu" my;a&

vii. cd;sl ^úcd;sl" wjcd;sl" iycd;sl&

3' ;o l¿ wl=ßka fh§ we;s mohg iqÿiq úreoaOd¾: moh ysia;ekg

fhdod jdlH iïmQ¾K lrkak'

i. f.dùyq ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ld,fha f.dhï lmd rd;%s ld,fha

fld< ueãu lr;s'

ii. luf;a § f.dkqkag wu;kafka '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fkd j

wdorfhks'

iii. fmd<j ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' jqj;a fmdfydr fhdod ire

wiajekakla ,nd .; yels h'

iv. iuyr f.dùyq ñksiqka ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' l<;a foúhka

flfrys úYajdih ;nd lghq;= lr;s'

v. fld< ueãfï lghq;= id¾:lj l< yelafla lïue<s ñksiqkag

fkd j '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' whg h'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' lú fm< ;d,dkql+,j .dhkd lrkak'

2' lDIsld¾ñl Ôú;hg iïnkaO ck lú tla /ia lr fmd;a msxpla

ilia lrkak'

3' lu;a NdIdjg wh;a jpk oyhla fidhd ,shkak'


foõoï weÿre tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re ysñ

isxy, NdIdjg uq,a ld,fha fnfyúka u n,mEfõ md,s" ixialD;

NdId nj W.;=kaf.a ms<s.ekSu hs' ngysr cd;Skaf.a meñŒfuka miq

l%sia;shdks wd.u furg me;sr hEu fya;=fjka ySírE" ,;ska" .%Sl

wdÈ NdIdj, n,mEu iys; w¨;a jpk isxy, NdIdjg tla úh'

tfuka u l%ufhka isxy, l%sia;shdks idys;Hhla o f.dv ke.s‚'

isxy, NdIdfjka l%sia;= O¾uhg wod< ,sms f,aLk fuka u isxy,

ixialD;sh iïnkaO ,sms f,aLk o iïmdokh l< mQcljreka

w;r iqúfYaI ia:dkhla ysñ lr .kakd ro.=re tâukaâ mSßia

ysñmdKka ^1897-1989& ms<sn|j fuu mdvu ilia ù we;'

isxy, NdIdj muKla fkd j fjk;a NdId rdYshla o oek isá

t;=ud isxy, NdId idys;Hhg l< fufyjr wmßfïh fõ' isxy,

NdIdj yd idys;Hh fmdaIKhg odhl jQ fun÷ pß; y÷kd .ekSu

iy tu pß;j, fYa%IaG .=Kdx. wfma Ôú;hg tla lr .ekSu

hym;a h'

7


“rc.=re tâukaâ mSßia msh;=ud uyd m`vqfjls' m¾fhaIKfha Y+rfhls'

f,aLlfhls' .;alrefjls' fkdfhla ;rd;srfï uq,a ;eka biqÆ msh;=fuls'

rka molalï ,dNsfhls' l,d Y+ßfhls' fy< isß;g w; ys; ÿka fY%aIaGfhls'

cd;sl foa wf.a lrñka mqkal,ig f.dla ieris,a,g foõ ue÷fr;a ie,lsh

hq;= wjia:dj, § iqÿiq ;eka ÿka l,dldñfhls' fy< nig Èúh ÿka

;eke;af;ls'” mQð; Ôú; - .re u¾i,Skq chfldä msh;=udf.a ,smsh

.; is; ikik iS;, W÷jma ufya idufha l=urekaf.a Wm; ms<snò

m‚jqvh /f.k uò k, oi; yud hoa§ Wod jQ wisßu;a k;a;f,ys

m%S;sfhka uq¿ f,dj u keyeù .sfha h' iduh yd i;=g ms<sn| ñysß

ye`.Sï iu`. f,dj mqrd ls;=kq ck;dj fÊiq ì,s|dKkaf.a Wm; uy;a

ne;sfhka wkqiauKh l< 1897 j¾Ifha k;a;,a iuh hs" ta' t<ô k;a;,

fjkqfjka kE ys;j;=kag ;E.s fnda. msßkeóu i;=g fnod yod .ekSfï

u.ls' y,dj; m%foaYfha ujq msh hqj<lg o foúhka jykafiaf.ka wmQre

k;a;,a ;Hd.hla ,enq‚' ta 1897 foieïn¾ 27 Èk Tjqkag mq;a l=url=

,eîu hs' fï ore Wm; tu hqj<g" tu .ï msfhig" uq¿ isß,lg u;=

fkd j uq¿ f,djg u ,enqKq uy`.= ;Hd.hla jQjd fia h'

tu jdikdjka; foujqmshka jQfha ñys÷ l=,iQßh tÉ' Èfhdaf.da mSßia

uy;d iy ñys÷ l=,iQßh ta' laf,ard uy;añh hs' Wmka l=ureg tâukaâ

hhs kï ;nk ,È' ;u tl u orejd wkd.;fha § ujq ìfï ku /ka¥

lS¾;su;a W.f;la fõ hhs tod ta ujqmshka isysfkkqÿ fkd is;kakg

we;'

mdi,a úhg md ;nkag;a fmr u <ore tâukaâ l=urekag ujq fifkyi

wysñ jQfha ujf.a yÈis úfhdaj fya;=fjks' furg bx.%Sis md,k iufha

Wmka tâukaâ mSßia l=ureka m%d:ñl wOHdmkh ,enqfõ y,dj;

idka; ußhd bx.%Sis mdif,ks' mdi,a fõ,dfjka miq tâukaâ ojfia

jeä ld,hla .; lf<a Tyqf.a iShd iu`. hs' tl, y,dj; msial,a

ks,Odßhl= f,i fiajh l< wf,kaiq mSßia Tyqf.a iShd úh' Tyq isxy,"

fou<" bx.sßis NdIdjka ,sùug yd lshùug iu;a W.;l= ùu tâukaâ

mSßia l=uref.a fmr jdikdjla úh' iShdf.ka tu NdId W.;a Tyq tu

NdIdj,ska ,shejqKq fmd; m; lshùug we,aula oelaù h' wkd.;fha §

uy m`ärejkla ùfï uQ,sl wä;d,u tfia ilia úh'


m%d:ñl wOHdmkh wjika l< l=vd tâukaâ mSßia fld<U idka;

fcdaima úoHd,hg we;=<;aj tys §ma;su;a YsIHhl= jYfhka Wiia f,i

iu;alï olajñka oaú;Shl wOHdmkh ksu lf<a h' 1921 j¾Ifha §

fmr-mQcl mqyqKqj ,eîu i|yd fnd/,af,a msysá idka; n¾kdâ foõ

i;a i,g we;=¿ úh' .ï m%OdkSka jQ t;=udf.a mjqf,a {d;Ska yd

.fï foajia:dkh w;r mej;s ióm iïnkaO;dfjys m%;sM,hla f,i

t;=udg u;= mQcljrhl= ùfï wjia:dj ks¾udKh ù ;snq‚' 1924 §

foõ i;a yf,a wOHdmkh ksud fldg tys § u w;sW;a;u wkaf;daks

l=f¾ fld<U w.ro.=re;=udf.ka ks¾u, ußh ksldfha msh;=ul= f,i

mQcd;ajrh ,en tâukaâ mSßia mshku jYfhka m%lg úh'

t;eka mgka Wka jykafia mQcljrhl= jYfhka ;u oyï fiajdj wdrïN

l<y' fld<U" yxje,a," fudrgqj" l¿;r" u.af.dk wdÈ m%foaYhkays

foajia:dkj, ls;=kq ne;su;=kaf.a ish¨ wd.ñl wjYH;d bgq lrñka

fiajdfjys ksr; fjñka ckdorhg md;% jQy' t;=udf.a iyc yelshd

yd l=i,;d y÷kd .;a lf;da,sl iNdj úiska 1926 § t;=ud idka;

n¾kdâ mQcl foõ i;a yf,a lÓldpd¾hjrhl= jYfhka m;a lrk

,È' wk;=rej idka; wef,daishia fcHaIaG mQcl foõ i;a if,a wOHlaI

Oqrhg o m;a lrk ,È' 1933 § jeä ÿr wOHdmkh i|yd tx.,ka;fha

,kavka úYajúoHd,hg we;=<;a ùfï Nd.Hh t;=udg Wod úh'

1936 § ,kavka úYajúoHd,fhka Ydia;% úYdro Wmdêh ,nd fmr<d

Èjhskg imeñ‚ t;=ud idka; wef,daishia foõ i;a yf,a wOHlaI

Oqrfha lghq;= lrk w;r u idka; fcdaima úoHd,fha .=rejrhl=

jYfhka o fiajh lf<a h' 1936 § fld<U ro.=re moúfhka fjka fldg

jhU m<d; i|yd y,dj; ro.=re moúhla kï lrk ,o w;r tys

ro.=re;=uka f,i m;a lrk ,o .re wef,daishia msh;=ud ;k;=r Ndr

.ekSug m%:u iaj¾.ia: jQ ksid tu ;k;=r i|yd kï lrk ,oafoa

tâukaâ msÍia ^ks'u'ks& msh;=ud h' tu m;aùfuys úfYaI;ajh jkafka

y,dj; Wmka t;=ud y,dj; óifï m%:u ls;=kq mQcl;=ud ùu;a y,dj;

moúfha m%:u ro.=re;=ud ùu;a uq¿ Y%S ,xldfõ m%:u isxy, ro.=re;=ud

ùu;a h' 1940 wfm%a,a ui 25 jk Èk Wka jykafia y,dj; wdik foõ

ue÷f¾ § y,dj; wNskj ro.=re;=ud f,i wNsfIal ,enQy' t;eka isg

1972 foieïn¾ 27 Èk olajd tu moúfhys fiajh fldg ye;a;Emiajk

úfha § úY%du ,enQy'


w;s.re tâukaâ mSßia msh;=udf.a Ôjk pß;fhys olakg ,efnk

iqúfYaI ,laIK rdYshls' nd, úfhys isg u fmd; m;g we¨ï l<

t;=ud bf.kSfuys Y+rfhla úh¦ úisy;r mefha u ld,igyklg wkqj

jev lf<a h¦ wd.ñl fufyjrg uq,a ;eka ÿka w;r úfõlhla we;s

yeu úg u ysre foig yefrk iQßhldka; u,la fuka fmd; m;g

u keUqre úh' tys m%;sM,h jQfha Wka jykafia isxy," md,s" ixialD;"

fou< wdÈ fmrÈ. NdIdjka yd bx.sßis" .%Sl" ,;ska" m%xi" mq¾;=.siS"

c¾uka" ́ ,kao wdÈ wmrÈ. NdIdjkays yi< oekque;s m%d{hl= ùu hs' tu

NdId {dkh t;=udf.a f,aLk ld¾hfha § fuka u m¾fhaIK ld¾hhkays

§ o t;=udg uy;a rel=,la jkakg we;' isxy," fou<" bx.sßis NdId

idys;Hhkays yd b;sydih" mqrdúoHdj" ;¾l Ydia;%h" ix.S;h wdÈ úIh

lafIa;% .Kkdjl me;sÍ .sh t;=udf.a oekqfuys ksïj<¨ mq¿,a ùug o

úúO NdId yd ixialD;s ms<sn| oekqu fya;= ù we;'

,kavka úYajúoHd,fha bf.kqu ,enQ wjêfha ì%;dkH fl!;=ld.drfhys

;snQ Y%S ,xldfõ mq¾;=.Sis ,kafoais hq.j,g wh;a ÿ¾,N lD;s yeoEÍug

wjia:dj ,nd .;a t;=ud Y%S ,xldfõ b;sydih;a ixialD;sh;a biau;=

lrñka trg m< jQ i`.rdj,g ,sms imhñka foia úfoia W.;=kaf.a

wjOdkh ta flfrys fhduq lsÍug W;aidy .;af;a h' ì%;dkH

fl!;=ld.drfha ;sî tf;la lsisfjl=f.a wjOdkhg ,la fkd jQ uykqjr

hq.hg wh;a u. i,l=K kï wm%lg ldjH .%ka:hl w;a msgm;la ,eî

th ixialrKh fldg bÈßm;a lsÍfuka úoaj;=kaf.a uy;a meiiqug ,la

úh' ls;= oyu" idys;H b;sydih uq,a lr f.k t;=ud úiska rÑ; .%ka:

rdYshls' isxy, l%sia;shdks idys;H jxYh" isß,l ußh ne;sh" uykqjr

.súiqu" ,xld b;sydifha uQ,sl .%ka:" mD;=.Sis iuh yd ´,kao iuh

bka .%ka: lsysmhls' t;=udf.ka isxy, NdId idys;Hhg isÿ jQ úYsIag

fiajhg Wmydrhla f,i le,‚h úYajúoHd,h 1979 j¾Ifha § t;=udg

“idys;H pl%j¾;s” iïudk Wmdêh msßkeuqfõ h'

iuld,Sk .sys meúÈ m%ùK úh;=kaf.a iNd ueo jev ys| Wodr cd;sl

fufyjrl ksr; ùug o Wka jykafiag wjia:dj ,enq‚' wOHdmk

.%ka: m%ldYk uKav,h" Y%S ,xld úYajúoHd, W;a;r iNdj" Y%S ,xld

idys;H uKav,h" rdcH f,aLkd.dr uKav,h" isxy, YíofldaI

WmfoaYl uKav,h" rdclSh wdishd;sl ix.uh wdÈ cd;sl jYfhka

w;sYhska jeo.;a uKav, yd wdh;kj, WmfoaYljrhl= yd iNslhl=

jYfhka lghq;= lsÍfï Nd.Hh o t;=udg ysñ úh'


tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=udf.a wd.ï ms<sn| ixl,amh b;d mq¿,a tlla úh'

wd.ñl iyÔjkh by<ska u w.h l< t;=ud iEu wd.ul u ixialD;sl

yrhkag .re lf<a h' úh;a fn!oaO NslaIQka weiqre lrñka ks;r u

wd.ïj, fmdÿ .=Kdx. ms<sn|j idlÉPd lf<a h'

t;=udf.a ro.=re moú wNsfIAl W;aijh Bg iyNd.s jQ fn!oaO NslaIQka

jykafia,df.a lidj;ska nen¿Kq nj i|yka ùfuka fï iïnkaO;dfõ

iajNdjh meyeÈ,s fjhs' isxy,hl= jYfhka cd;sldNsudkfhka To jeã

.sh t;=udfKda isxy, NdIdj yd ixialD;sh k.d isgqùug mqfrda.dó

fufyjrla l<y' ls;= oyu yd isxy, ixialD;sh ixfla;j;a lrñka ;u

ro.=re ,dxPkh f,i l=reihla w;ska .;a isxyhl= fhdod .;ay' furg

lf;da,sl ixialD;sh ls;= oyfï yd isxy, ixialD;sfha ixl,khla

úh hq;= nj úYajdi l< tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=ud th f.dv ke.Sug

uq,a ;ek § lghq;= lf<a h' y,dj; ro.=re moúhg m;a ùfuka miq

lf;da,sl j;a ms<sfj;a yels ;dla ÿrg foaYSh yd cd;sl ,laIK we;sj

ilia lsÍug t;=ud W;aidy lf<a h'

t;=udf.a W;aidyfha m%;sM,hla f,i uE; Nd.fha § lf;da,sl ixialD;sh

;=< foaYSh ixialD;sl ,laIK biau;= jkakg mgka f.k we;' újdy

ux., wjia:djkays chux., .d:d .dhkh yd uÕ=,a fmdarej lf;da,sl

wd.ug yd wdl,amhkag .e<fmk whqßka ilia fldg mj;ajkq ,efí'

f.dla ?k" mqkal,i" uÕ=,a fnr" pdß;%dkql+, fmd,a f;,a myka oe,aùu"

Wvrg my;rg kegqï wdÈ ixialD;sl wx. lf;da,sl W;aij wjia:djkays

§ fhdod .kakd wdldrh olakg ,efí'

udkj ohdfjka msßmqka ukiska hq;= jQ t;=ud È<s÷lu" kQ.;alu yd

iudc úIudpdr fya;=fjka wirK jQjkag msysg ùu i|yd moúhg wh;a

m%foaYfha úúO jevigyka l%shd;aul lf<a h' mdi,a fkd hk È<s÷ <uqka

i|yd jQ mq;a;,fï uq;a;=l=udr ksjdih wdrïN lsÍu tn÷ i;a ld¾hhls'

udj;.u" fmd,a.yfj," l=,shdmsáh wdÈ m%foaYj, wkd: orejka i|yd

<ud ksjdi bÈ lsÍu o ,xis.u uy¨ ksjdih bÈ lsÍu o wirKhka

fjkqfjka t;=ud úiska lrk ,o fufyjr ms<sn| lÈu idlaIs fjhs'

wOHdmkh ms<sn|j úfYaI Wkkaÿjla oela jQ ro.=re;=ud m%foaYfha tjl

mej;s mdi,a jeä ÈhqKq l< w;r t;=udf.a uy;a mßY%ufhka wdrïN

l< udrú, Ydka; fiaúh¾ úÿy, m%foaYfha m%uqL úoHdh;khla njg

m;a lf<a h'


cd;s wd.ï fNaohlska f;drj fmdÿ ck ys; iqj ms‚i wem lem ù

lghq;= l< fï W;=ï udkj ys;jdÈhdfKda moúfhka úY%du .ekSfuka

wk;=rej Ôú;fha ie|E iuh .ïmy isßl=rei lkHdrdufha úfõl

iqjfhka .; fldg 1989 iema;eïn¾ ui 4 jk od iaj¾.ia: jQy'

mçf|ls úh;a nqÿ ijqjka weiqre l<

;jqfils isis,a .=Kfhka yo iqj| l<

l=ufrls ls;= iiqka rcf.ys ,;a lsre<

n,fhls fujka ok bmeÿu rgg fy<

- wÍfika wyqnqÿ

w.ro.=re w.ro.=re moúhla f,i kï lrk ,o m%foaYhl

m%Odk mQcljrhd' f.!rj kduhls'

Wod( fld<U w.ro.=re;=ud

ro.=re ro.=re moúhla f,i kï lrk ,o m%foaYhl

m%Odk mQcljrhd' f.!rj kduhls'

Wod( y,dj; ro.=re;=ud

mQcd;ajrh mQcl Ndjh

foõ i;a i, foaj Ydia;% Yd,dj ^fiufkaßh&¦ mQcljreka mqyqKq

lrk wOHdmk wdh;kh

óiu moú m%foaYhla ;=< tla md,k tAllhla

ro.=re wNsfIAl

W;aijh

wod< mqo isß;a iu. moúh ixfla;j;a lrk YS¾I

m,|kdj" r;= mdg n| máh" ierháh" uqÿj wdÈh

iys;j lrk W;aijh

u| k, fiñka yuk iq<Õ

wkqiaurKh isys lsÍu

msfhig m%foaYhg

u;= fkd j muKla fkd j

úfhdaj fjka ùu



oaú;Shl wOHdmkh 6 fY%a‚fha isg úYajúoHd, m%fõYh olajd

wOHdmkh

m%lg m%isoaO

iaj¾.ia: urKfhka miq foõf,dj Wm; ,eîu

wNskj w¨;a

fmrÈ. kef.kysr

wmrÈ. ngysr

yi< ukd f,i mqreÿ mqyqKq l<

m%d{hl= m%{dj we;a;l=

NdId {dkh NdId oekqu

rel=,la Woõjla

wjêfha ld,fha" hq.fha

m%ùK ksmqK" olaI

iyÔjkh iyfhda.fhka Ôj;a ùu

ixl,khla ukd tl;=jla

i;a ld¾hhla hym;a lghq;a;la

mßY%ufhka fjfyi ùfuka

wjfndaOh

my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re ,shkak'

1' i. NdId oekqu t;=udg uy;a rel=,la jQfha l=ula i|yd o@

ii. t;=ud úiska fidhd f.k t<s oelajQ wm%lg .%ka:h l=ula

o@

iii. t;=ud ;u ro.=re ,dxPkh f,i fhdod .;af;a l=ula o@

2' tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=ud y,dj; moúfhys ro.=rejrhd f,i m;a

ùfï we;s úfYaI;ajh l=ula o@

3' W.;=ka w;r W.;l= jQ t;=udf.a cd;sl fufyjr ms<sn|j bÈßm;a

l< yels idlaIs fudkjd o@


4' t;=udf.a pß;fhys Tn y÷kd .;a wdo¾Yhg .; yels úfYaI ,laIK

fudkjd o@

5' lf;da,sl ixialD;sh foaYSh;ajhg m;a lsÍug tâukaâ mSßia

ro.=re;=ud .;a mshjr fudkjd o@

ls%hd mo

lsÍula fyda isÿ ùula fyda ú£ula fyda .ek lshefjk mo l%shd mo f,i

Tn 6 fY%a‚fha § y÷kd f.k we;' tys § l%shd moj, ld, fNaoh" mqreI

fNaoh" jpk fNaoh .ek o yodrd we;' ;j ÿrg;a l%shd mo iïnkaO

fn§ï .ek fuys § wjOdkh fhduq flf¾'

l%shd moj, uQ,sl fn§ï folla we;'

1' wjidk l%shd

2' wkjidk l%shd

wjidk ls%hd

jdlHhl wdLHd;h f,i fhfokafka wjidk l%shdj hs' my; oelafjk

WodyrK foi n,kak'

wlald u,a fk<hs'

<uhs j;=rg mks;s'

u,a,S i| foi n,hs'

f.dúfhda f.dhï lm;s'

fuu jdlHj, ;o l¿ wl=ßka oelafjk mo jdlHfha wjidkh olajk

l%shd mo f,i fh§ we;' fï ksid tAjd wjidk l%shd f,i ye¢kafõ'

wkjidk ls%hd

jdlHhl we;=<;a jk wdLHd;h f,i fkd fhfok l%shd wkjidk

l%shd f,i ye¢kafõ' tn÷ l%shd mo j¾. folla ms<sn|j fï mdvfï §

bf.k .ksuq'

i. ñY% l%shd

ii. mQ¾j l%shd


ñY% ls%hd

wjidk l%shdj iu. isÿ jk ;j;a l%shdjla fõ kï th ñY% l%shdjla

f,i ye¢kafõ'

Wod ( wlald u,a fk<ñka jÜáhg tl;= l<d h'

<uhs j;=rg mksñka fi,a,ï l<y'

u,a,S i| foi n,ñka iskdfihs'

f.dúfhda f.dhï lmñka lú lsh;s'

fuu jdlHj, fh§ we;s fk<ñka" mksñka" n,ñka" lmñka hk

l%shdj,ska jdlHfha wjidkhla .ek fkd lshefõ' wjidk l%shdj iu.

l< fjk;a l%shdjla .ek lshefõ' tAjd ñY% l%shd kï fõ'

mQ¾j ls%hd

wjidk l%shdjg fmr isÿ jQ fyda isÿ lrk ,o fyda l%shd mQ¾j l%shd kï

fõ'

Wod ( wlald u,a fk<d jÜáhg tl;= l<d h' <uhs j;=rg mek fi,a,ï l<y' u,a,S i| foi n,d iskdiq‚' f.dúfhda f.dhï lmd lu;g wÈ;s'

fuu jdlHj, fh§ we;s fk<d" mek" n,d" lmd hk l%shd moj,ska o

jdlHfha wjidkhla fkd lshefõ' wjidk l%shdjg fmr l¾;D úiska

fldg ksujk ,o l%shd mQ¾j l%shd kï fõ'

by; jdlHj, fh§ we;s l%shd mo fufia j.= .; l< yels h'

wjidk l%shd ñY% l%shd mQ¾j l%shd

fk<hs fk<ñka fk<d

mks;s mksñka mek

n,hs n,ñka n,d

lm;s lmñka lmd

we;eï úg mQ¾j l%shdjla oaú;aj jQ úg ^fojrla fhfok úg& ñY% l%shd

w¾:h f.k fohs'

Wod ( fk< fk<d } fk<ñka mek mek } mksñka

n, n,d } n,ñka lm lmd } lmñka


,sÅ; wNHdi

1. my; oelafjk fþofhys fh§ we;s ñY% l%shd mo iy mQ¾j l%shd mo

my ne.ska fidhd ,shkak'

fl;a j;= miq fldg" jk frdola ueÈka weoaod jQ ,Kq mgla

fia fl<ska msysá mdrlg neiaid jQ fiakdjf.a fmruqK .uka

lrk .e,a meoafok y~ wid kskafoka wjÈ jQ j÷frda lE-flda

.iñka .iska .ig mek m,d fh;s' jk ysi t<sh lrñka mshEUQ

lKueÈßfhda j÷rka mekSfuka md;a ù Wia jk w;=j, yemS

.sks mqmqre yef<kakdla fuka ;K fld< jiñka ìu jeà" r;a

m,il j;< ue‚la fuka nn<;s' j÷rkaf.a fmr<sfhka ìh .;a

uqfjda" f.dakakq" j,aW!frda jk frdo ì¢ñka m,d fh;s''' fnr

ojq,a jehSula ke;;a fiakdfjys we;efula .S-iskaÿ lsh;s''' ;j;a

tflla fndre l:d f.d;d lshñka wkHhka iskiaihs'''foaÿkafkys

ish¨ meye tla fldg f.k ysre /iska wkd l< foag ks.d l<"

úis;=re meyefhka nn<k isks÷ mshdm;a we;s iuk,fhda" jk

u,a m÷rej,g jvd;a <xj wyfia mshdU;s' .,a ne| leghï lrk

,o rka flfjks fmdl=rla jeks" ySka jk u,a fmdl=rlg md;a ù"

mshdm;a fiñka Wia md;a lrñka u,a me‚ Wrk iuk,hl= olsk

yQfkla fiñka nv .d-f.dia W! foig mkshs' yQkdg wiq fkd

jk iuk,hd" ysre /ia yd ñY%j w;=reoyka jkakdla fuka jyd

mshdUd m,d fha' wE; msysá fj,a hdhj, fldlal=" fldrjlal="

.e,a meoafok yçka ìhj wyig keÕ" ÿkq Èfhka .s,syqK Bhl

fõ.fhka bj; mshdU;s' ufvys ,e. Wka ó yrla keÕS isg folka

Wv ys÷jd f.k" .uka .;a fiakdj foi úiaufhka fuka n,;s'

we;eï .jfhla uv j.=re l,U l,Ud ÿjhs'

frdaysŒ" ud¾áka úl%uisxy


ii. my; i|yka fþofhys ysia ;eka msrùug iqÿiq mQ¾j l%shd mo jryka

;=<ska f;dard fþoh iïmQ¾K fldg ,shkak'

“;d;a;d Wfoka u l=Uqfrys ,shÈj,g j;=r ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' jlalvj,a

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''' f.or wdfõ h' lfrys jQ Woe,a, ìu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

ysfiys jQ f;dmamsh w;g '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' <s| <Õg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

jg msg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' f;dmamsh foys .fiys ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

<sf|ka j;=r ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' weÕ fiaÿfõ h' frÈ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

jef,ys ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wïud o <s| <Õg wdjd h'” ^fidaod" ;nd" n,d" ne|" yrjd" f.k" t,a,d" jkd" weo" f.dia&

iii. my; i|yka fþofhys ysia;eka msrùu iqÿiq ñY% l%shd mo jryka

;=<ska f;dard fþoh iïmQ¾K fldg ,shkak'

fo;=ka Èkl isg ;o jeis ''''''''''''''''''''' mej;s‚' fmrÈ. isg wd iq<Õ

fõ.fhka yud .sfha h' Èjd ? we;s jQ l=Kdgq ksid ng m÷re ‘isß

isß’ '''''''''''''''''''' mej;s‚' ng m÷rej, uqÿka fl<jrj,a fmdf<dj

isôkakg úh' wyfia bvla ke;s ;rug j,dl=¿ f.dv .eisK'

úáka úg l,ska mej;=Kdg jvd w÷r ''''''''''''''''''''''''' mej;sK' wE;

wyfia fldfya foda ;ekl iqr wiqrkaf.a uyd ix.%duhla werö

we;s f,ila fmfka'

foúhka tjk .sks f.k oefjk fyK ier" .sks ''''''''''''''''''''''''' weis

msh fy<k ksfïIhlska ld, j¾K i;=re fiakdj iqkq úiqkq lr

ouk kuq;a thskq;a úkdY fkd jQ i;=frda ld,j¾K fijKe,sj,ska

wyi;a fmd<j;a ''''''''''''''''''''' ieß ir;s'

Èjd ? ‘Ñß Ñß’ y~ fkd lvjd mej;s‚' .x.dfõ Èh jeäfjñka

mej;sK' fï álg fldmuK f.j,a fodrj,a leã ì£ f.dia weoao@

f.dv ìu ieu ;ek u we;s c,h;a .x.dfõ c,h;a tlg tl;=

ù ;sì‚' .j uysId§yq .ia hg o" ng m÷re hg o f.ñÿ,aj, o

fyd|g u ''''''''''''''''''' isá;s' wefikafka l=Kdgqfõ y~;a tl È.g

u jysk y~;a mu‚' wmQ ms,g wjq;a jy jyd f;uqKq ysiflia

'''''''''''''''''''''''''' ÿ¾.d iu. l:d lf<a h'

^w÷re lrñka" >k fjñka" jisñka" msi ouñka" f;fuñka" msg

lrñka" y~ foñka" ÿjñka&

udjf;a .S;h" Ñka;d ,laIañ isxydrÉÑ


l;d nyg ixhuhla

‘tfldau;a tl rgl ysáhd ,iaik l=udßldjla’ hkqfjka

l;kaorhla lshd fokakg ierfik wd;a;ïudg fyda iShdg

fyda fk;a whd f.k uqj whd f.k ijka fok fmdä;a;ka tA

l;kaorj, w. uq, ydrd wjqiaikafka fkdfhl=;a m%Yak k.ñks'

ijka §fï mqreoao flfkl=f.a l:kh o yev .iajhs' ijka

§fuka wjfndaOh myiq fjhs' wjfndaOh fkdue;s jQ úg

m%;spdr oelaùu myiq fkd jkq we;'

ukdj ijka §fuka wfkldf.a yeÕSï f;areï .; yels h'

m%;spdr oelaùfï § mqoa.,hdf.a iajNdjh f;areï f.k tA

wkqj yd Bg .e<fmk f,i y~ yd jpk Ndú; l< hq;= h'

tfia fkd jqj fyd;a fndfyda .eg¨ u;= fjhs' ixjdohl §

ixhufhka yd wdpdrYS,Sj lrk l;d ny" hym;a ñksiqka

ks¾udKh lsÍug fya;= fjhs' ijka § m%;spdr oelaùfï § wm

w;r iqyo;dj j¾Okh lr .ekSu b;d jeo.;a fjhs'

8


úfõl ld,h wjika jQ nj oekqï fok iSkqj kdo ùu;a iu. .=re;=ñh

mka;shg meñ‚hd h'

.=re;=ñh( “ uu wo fï orejkag meyeÈ,s lrkakg iQodkï fjkafka

woyia yqjudre lr .ekSfï § wm ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq

.ek hs' b÷ks¨;a" ufyakaø;a" mQ¾‚ud;a" pdñkao;a tkak

mka;sh biairyg' uu oeka fï y;r fokdg Ndr fokjd ilia

lr .;a ixjdo y;rla' ixjdoh bÈßm;a lrkak hy¿jkq;a

iïnkaO lr .kak'”

m<uqjeks ixjdoh

ia:dkh( ðhq.dfjdald ÿïßh kej;=ï fmd<'

^álÜ fodrgqfjka msg ùug uj" fgdÜfgda

pxf.a w;ska w,a,d .kS'&

fgdÜfgda px( “uu fïl ;shd .kak o@” ^wf;a ñßld f.k isá w.kd álÜ m;" álÜ

tl;= lrkakdg §ug ue<sj wihs'&

álÜ tl;= lrkakd( “neye" Thdg tAl ;shd .kak neye”fgdÜfgda px( “fï Tlafldu Thdf. o@” ^álÜ m;aj,ska msreKq fmÜáh foi n,ñka

wihs'&

álÜ tl;= lrkakd( “kE" kE" tAjd whs;s ÿïßh ia:dkhg'”fgdÜfgda px( “ux f,dl= jqKd u álÜ úl=Kk flfkla

fjkak ´kE'”álÜ tl;= lrkakd( “uf.a pQá mq;dg;a ÿïßh fmdf<a riaidjla

´kE ¨' Tõ" Thdg;a th;a tlal jev lrkak

mq¿jka'”fgdÜfgda px( “ux f,dl= jqKd u álÜ tl;= lrk

flfkla fjkjd” ^wE;ska kej;S isá ujg y~ .d lshhs&

uj( “ux ys;=fõ Thd T;a;=ldßhla fjkak hkjd

lsh,d'”fgdÜfgda px ( “T;a;= n,k .uka u álÜ úl=Kk flfkl=;a

fjkak ug neß o@”


.=re;=ñh( fï ixjdoh ilia lr .;af;a" oÕldr cmka oeßhl yd

wisßu;a mdi,la ms<sn|j ,shejqKq cmka cd;sl fgÜiqflda

l=frdhdk.S ,shQ ,S,dkkao .udÉÑ uy;d mßj¾;kh l<

yß mqÿu biafldaf,a lshk fmd; weiqfrka' tA ixjdoh

.ek Tfí woyia bÈßm;a lrkak'”

W;am,d( “fgdÜfgda px álÜ m;g wdidfjka álÜ m;a tl;=

lrkakd iu. l< l;d ny yß u wmQrehs' fofokd u

tlsfkldg idjOdkj weyqïlka §u ksid iqyoj fjka

jqKd' fgdÜfgda pxf.a uj;a" tA fofokd w;rg fkd mek

fofokdf.a ixjdohg ijka ÿkakd' fgdÜfgda px álÜ

tl;= lrkakdf.a ;;a;ajh f;areï .;a;d' tA ixjdoh

wmQrejg bÈßm;a l< ifydaor ifydaoßhkag ia;=;s hs'”

fojeks ixjdoh

ia:dkh( ksu,af.a ksji

“mq;d" WU hkag leu;s o kqjr@”“kE”“wehs@”“ug fufy fyd|hs”“tfy .sfhd;a iqÿ wmafmd;a tlal fi,a,ï lr;Els”“fuys ysáfhd;a wmamÉÑf.a jevg Wojq lrkag mq¿fjks fkdje”“tAlg lula kE' WU m,hka kqjr' f.or .sys,a,d wïudg lsh,d fudllaj;a we| f.k ldßh jfrka”“ljod o wmamÉÑ ux wdfh tkafka@”“ue‚fl,d lS ojil jfrka”“wmamÉÑ lshkafka ug hkag u lsh, o@”“Tõ" .syska jfrka' ke;a;x l=udßydñ,d ;ry fjhs'”

.=re;=ñh( fï ixjdoh ilia lr .;af;a à'î' b,x.r;ak

uy;d úiska rpkd lrk ,o wU hy¿fjda kjl;dj

weiqfrka' kjl;djg wkqj ksu,a iy mshd w;r we;s

jQ l;dnyla ;uhs oeka bÈßm;a lf<a' ksu,a ;ukaf.a


;d;a;d iu. l;dny lrkafka b;d u .reirej' tA jdf.a

u f<ka.;=j nj Tn olskak we;s' ksu,a kqjr hdug

wlue;s jqK;a th m%ldY lrkafka ;rylska fkd fjhs'

fndfyda u wdpdrYS,Sj" lreKdjka;j' tA ixjdoh bÈßm;a

l< orejkag;a wms w;afmd<ika kdohla ,nd fouq'

;=kajeks ixjdoh

ia:dkh( .eñ ksjila

“wïfï" wms .syska tkakï'”“uf.a mq;dg ;=kqrejka msysghs”“wlafla”“fudlo u,a,S" fudkj;a neß jqKd o@”

“´l ;uhs' uu Bfha ?;a lsjqfõ" f.k hk tAjd fyd| isysfhka od

.kak lsh,d”“kE ux l;d lf<a u,a md;a;sh n,d .kak lshkak'”“wlalg neß kï f,dl= kx.sgj;a lsh,d j;=r oïujkak ´kE”“kE u,a,sfh" ug mq¿jka Th u,a md;a;shg id;a;= lrkak'”

.=re;=ñh( fï ixjdoh ilia lr .;af;a uvj, tia' r;akdhl

uy;df.a wlalr my lD;sfhka' tla ifydaorhl= ksjiska

msgj hoa§ wfkla ifydaor ifydaoßhka j.lSï Ndr .ekSug

bÈßm;a jk wjia:djla' ifydaor ifydaoßhka w;r mj;sk

ne£u u; flfkl= wfkld fjkqfjka lghq;= lrkakg

fm,fUkafka tu b,a,Sfuys mj;sk ldre‚lNdjh ksi hs'

wK lsÍulg jvd b,a,Sulg m%;spdr olajkakg ´kE u

flfkla leu;s hs' fï ixjdofhka tA nj meyeÈ,s fjkjd'

fï ¥,d mq;d,g;a fndfyda u ia;=;s hs' fï ixjdohg

iyNd.s jqKdg'


y;rjeks ixjdoh

ia:dkh( mrf.dv mkai,

^fndaê mQcdj i|yd meñ‚ ieoeyej;ayq fnda u¿j

wuÈkakg jQy&

úydrdêm;s iajdóka jykafia( “Wmdil uy;a;fhda" wo fndaê mQcdfõ

m%Odk odhl ;ek ljqo@”Wmdil ;ek( “wjirhs" f,dl= yduqÿrejfka" wo

fndaê mQcdj úodfk rd,ydñf.a

f.oßka'”úydrdêm;s iajdóka jykafia( “úodfk rd,ydñ meñ‚,d o@”Wmdil ;ek( “tfyhs" yduqÿrejfka' Wkakefya

nqoaO mQcdjg .s,kami iQodkï

lrkjd'”úydrdêm;s iajdóka jykafia( “tA lghq;= wyjr jqKd u wdjdi

f.g weú;a udj neye olskav

lshkjd fyd|hs' fmdä yduqÿrefjda

mQcdjg jähs'” Wmdil ;ek( “tfyuhs" wfma yduqÿrejfka' ug

hkav wjir”úydrdêm;s iajdóka jykafia( “fyd| hs' f.dyska tkav'”

.=re;=ñh( fï ixjdoh wms óg fmr bÈßm;a l< ixjdoj,g jvd

fjkia' fï mQcH mlaIh iu. flfrk ixjdohla f,i

ks¾udKh lr .;a fonila' fuys § fhdod .;a jdxud,dj

fjkia' idudkH mqoa.,hka iu. l;d ny lsÍug fhdod

.kakd NdIdj mQcl W;=uka iu. l;d ny lroa§ fhdod

.kak neye' b;d u ixjrj wdpdrYS,Sj f.!rjdkaú;j

;uhs wm l;d l< hq;= jkafka' tA ixjdoh bÈßm;a l<

orejkag;a fndfydau ia;=;s hs'

l;d nfya § wfkldg ijka §u Tyqg lrk f,dl= u

f.!rjh hs' ijka § m%;spdr oelaùfï § tA tA wjia:djg

.e<fmk f,i y~ md,kh lr .; hq;= hs' ke;akï wkjYH

f>daIdjla we;s fjkjd' ixjdofha § wfkla ;eke;a;df.a

ys; ßoùu whym;a yeisÍula' tA whf.a f.!rjh /flk


mßÈ b;d u úkS;j" ixjrj ixhufhka l;d lsÍu ;ukaf.a

yslauqKq nj yd hym;a yeÈhdj fmkajk levm;la' woyia

yqjudre lr .ekSfï § fï lreKq fyd¢ka u;lfha r|jd

.kak' oeka yeu fokd u ke.sákak' wdhqfndajkaæ orejfka'”<uhs( “wdhqfndajka æ .=re;=ñhks'”

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' mdi,a N+ñfha" ;u mka;shg wod< fldgi msßisÿ lsÍu yd w,xldr

lsÍu ksis f,i mj;ajd f.k hEug .; hq;= l%shd ud¾. ms<sn|j

flfrk idlÉPdjla weiqfrka ixjdohla f.dv k.kak'

2' ,shqula" ,shdmÈxÑ ;emEf,ka heùu i|yd ;eme,a lkaf;darejg

hk Tn tys fiajh lrk ks,Odßhl=f.ka wjYH Wmfoia ,nd

.kakd wdldrh ixjdohlg k.kak'

3' oyï mdif,a meje;afjk Woh /iaùu wdrïN lsÍu i|yd

m%Odkdpd¾h;=udg wdrdOkd lrñka t;=ud iu. lrk l;d ny

weiqfrka ixjdohla ks¾udKh lrkak'

4' ;u wdorŒh uj fyda mshd fyda lk.dgqfjka isák wjia:djl

weh fyda Tyq fyda iu. lrk iqyo l;d ny ixjdohlg k.kak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' ijka § m%;spdr oelaùfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq .ek wjOdkh

fhduq fkd lsÍfuka isÿ jqKq l,ne.Ekshla kdgHdkqidrfhka

bÈßm;a lrkak'

2' ikaksfõokfha § Y%jKh yd l:kh hym;a f,i fhdod .ekSu

i|yd wjYH Wmfoia ‘mqjre jels’ f,i ks¾udKh lr mdif,ys

m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

3' Tn ks¾udKh l< ixjdo jdÑlj bÈßm;a lrkak'

4' mdvfuys we;=<;a ixjdo rx.kh lrkak'

7574 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

9 ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lh

fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a fmr wd;auj, l;d f,i ks¾udKh lrk

,o cd;l l;d we;=<;a mkaish mkia cd;l fmd; mer‚

isxy, m; fmd; w;r jeo.;a fmd;la fia ie,flhs' ñksia

pß; muKla fkd j i;a;aj pß; o fhdod .ksñka" Ôú;h

id¾:l lr .ekSug WmfoaY imhk .%ka:hla f,i o cd;l

fmd; ie,lsh yels h' l=reKE., rdcOdks iufha ùrisxy

m%;srdc kï wud;Hjrhdf.a b,a,Sula mßÈ rpkd lrk ,oehs

ie,flk mkaish mkia cd;l fmdf;a we;af;a l;d 547ls'

wdikak oyfha .=Kdldrhg jeghSfuka l;d 550la fia .;a

nj is;sh yels h' cd;l l;d fmdf;ka Wmqgd .;a ‘;s,uqÜÀ

cd;lh’ fï mdvug we;=<;a fõ'


hg .sh oji nrKeia kqjr n%yauo;a; kï rÊcqre flfkl=ka rdcHh

lrk iufhys tA rÊcqrejkaf.a n%yauo;a; kï rdc l=udr flfkla

we;a;dy' tA n%yauo;a; rÊcqrefjda;a ;ukaf.a mq;Kqjkag uiafika oyila

yd ms<S iÕ<la yd m;a l=vhla yd jyka iÕ<la yd n;a uq<la wdÈ jQ foh

§ “Èidmdfudla wdpdÍka lrd f.dia Ys,am Ydia;% bf.k f.k tj” hs

hejQy'

tlshk l=udrhd;a ;lai,d kqjrg f.dia Èidmdfudla wdpdÍ olskakg

.sh fõ,djg Èidmdfudla wdpdÍyq YsIHhka Ys,am Ydia;% W.kakd

ñÿf,ys ilauka fldg isáhdy' tA fj,djg rdc l=udrhka <Õ tkakd

oel “wehs f;dm l=ug wjqoe” hs úpdrd “Ys,am W.kakg wdñ” hs lS l,ays

wdpdÍkag jia;= § Ys,am oel W.kq o@ l=,shg W.kq o@ hs úpd< l,ays

rdc l=udrfhda;a wdpdÍ Nd.hla m<uq fldg ;nd je| fyd;a;dy' túg

Èidmdfudla wdpdÍyq “rdc l=udrjreka kï l,a hjd Ys,am W.kakg

neß h" jyd Ys,am W.; uekeje” hs lshd idudkH kl;a i,iajd Ys,am

W.kakg mgka .ekajQy' tla ojila rdc l=udrhka msá miafia ,d f.k

kdkakg jejg hñka isáhdy' tA fõ,djg tla;rd uE,s ia;%shla t< lrmq

;, wõfõ jkd úh<ñka isáhd h' tA fõ,djg Èidmdfudla wdpdÍ miafia

hñka isá rdc l=udrfhda;a tlshk t< ;, oel lkak wNsm%dh we;sj

.dKla w;g ld mQy' tlshk uE,s ia;S%;a tA oel “l=vd fld,a,d fyhska

nv ihska ld mqj uekeje” hs is;d neK fkd keÕS isáhdy'

fojk ojiq;a tmßoafoka u rdc l=udrfhda;a t< ;, .dKla wer f.k

.shdy' ;=ka jk ojiq;a tmßoafoka u wer .;a;dy'

túg ia;S% is;kakS “fï kshdfhka ojia m;d l;a kï udf.a ;, ksud

fhhs” lshd is;kakS “Èidmdfudla wdpdÍka jykai" ;uka jykafiaf.a

w;jeiaika ,jd uf.a ;, .kakd fiale” hs fudr .Ej' túg Èidmdfudla

wdpdÍ “wehs uE‚hks" uu l=uk wkHdjla flf<ï o” hs lS h' túg ia;S%

lshkakS" “kqU jykafia miafia hk w;jeis ;=ka jdrhla udf.a ;, wer

f.k bksífí;a ;, .ks;a kï udf.a ;, ksukafka h” hs lshd fudr

.d lS h' túg Èidmdfudla wdpdÍ lshkakdyq “Bg f;dm úlafIam fkd

j¦ f;dmf.ka lE ;,j,g uu ñ, foñ” hs lSy'

túg ia;S% lshkakS “lE ;,hg ñ, tmhs¦ bksífí udf.a ;, fkdlk

f,i wjjdo lshj” hs lSy' túg Èidmdfudla wdpdÍ lshkakdyq “bÈßfha


§ mdgj flfrñ” hs lshd w;jeiaika fokakl=ka ,jd oE;a ;r lr w,a,d

WK m;af;ka mdr .Kkla .iajd mdgj lrjQy'

túg rc l=urd;a oEia r;a fldg WrKj uqyqK n,d ffjr nekafoah'

Èidmdfudla wdpdÍyq ;uka flf¾ ffjr ne¢ kshdj o;ay¦ oek oek;a

ish¨ Ydia;% W.kajd ksmqK lrjQy' tA rdc l=udrfhda;a Èidmdfudla

wdpdÍka je| kqjrg hkakdyq “wdpdÍka jykai" uu iem fia rdcHhg

meñ‚fhï ùï kï kqU jykafia le|jd tjñ¦ túg wj uekeje” hs

lshd ;ukaf.a rgg f.dia ;ukaf.a msh rÊcqrejkag Ys,am oelajQy'

túg rÊcqrefjda iudêj “ud weia yuqfha fudyqf.a rdcHY%Sh olsñ” hs is;d

rdcHYS%h ÿkakdy' tlshk rdc l=udrfhda;a rdcHhg meñK Èidmdfudla

wdpdÍkag mdgj lrkakd leue;sj wdpdÍka jykafia ud flf¾ iel fkd

is;d jyd tkafka hym;e hs lshd hejQy' tmj;a Èidmdfudla wdpdÍka

jykafia wid “rÊcqrejka jykafia ud le|jd tjkafka ug iafkayfhka

fkd fjhs¦ ud .eiq mdrg ks.%y lrkakg h” hs is;d oek l=udrfhda

nd,fhda h¦ tfia fyhska ud lshk wjjdo oeka wikafkda fkd fj;s'

miqj jeäud¨ jhig meñ‚ l, fhñ hs is;d fkd f.dia l,a hdula

fldg rÊcqrejka jeäud¨j .sh miq Èidmdfudla wdpdÍyq fkd le|jd

u ;=uQ .shy' f.dia jdi, isg ;uka wd mj;a lshd hejQy' tmj;a wid

rÊcqrefjda “hym; wdpdÍka jykafia le|j” hs lshd le|jd lshkakdyq

“wehs wdpdÍks" f;dms urK k<f,a ;nd wjq o@ tojia f;dm úiska

ud ;, lEj hs lshd fokakl=ka ,jd w;a fol w,a,d WK m;af;ka

;e,ajQ mdr ;j olajd uf.a msfÜ ßfokafka h” hs lshd “wud;Hfhks"

fï Èidmdfudla urj” hs lSy' túg Èidmdfudla wdpdÍ lshkakdyq

rÊcqrefjks" tojia f;dm lE ;,hg mdrla fkd .eiS kï fofjks ojia

wksla fidrlula lrkd fial' túg hï flfkla urd oud mQ kï fï

rdcHY%Sh ,nkakg ke;af;a fõ o@ tfia fyhska yslauùu ms‚i l<

mdgjhg W;a;ufhda ffjr fkd n¢;s˜ hs lshd lSy'

tmj;a wid fndfyda wud;Hfhda;a “tfia u h foajhka jykai"

Èidmdfudla wdpdÍka jykafia ms‚i rdcY%Sh kqU jykafia ,o fiale”hs

lSy' rÊcqrefjda tA ldrKh is;d f.k wdpdÍkaf.a fndfyda .=K i|yka

fldg lshkakdyq “Èidmdfudla wdpdÍks" rdcHhg meñ‚fha f;dm ms‚i

h; tfia fyhska rdcHh ms<s.kqj” hs lSy' tmj;a wid Èidmdfudla wdpdÍyq


rdcHh fkd .súiaidy' rÊcqrefjda;a ;ukaf.a ñksiqka hjd wdpdÍkaf.a

wUqorejka f.kajd f.k ;ukaf.a kqjr ,d wdpdÍkg fndfyda ;rï

moï i,iajd ;ukg mqfrdays; ;k;=frys ;snqfõ oehs jodrd fï ;s,uqÜÀ

cd;lh ksujd jod< fial'

uiafika oyila uiqrka odyla$rkaldis odyla

ms<S i`.<la frÈ hq.,hla$we÷ï folla

m;a l=vhla ysig w,a,d f.k hk ;,am;la

jyka iÕ<la mdjyka hq.,hla

wdpdÍ Nd. .=re m~qre

idudkH kl;a i,iajd Y=N fõ,djla n,d

msámiafia ,d f.k miq miska le|jd f.k

uE,s ia;%shla uy¨ ia;%sh

t< ;, l¿ meye;s msh,s bj;a l< ;,

.dKla w;g w;g w,a,k m%udKh$ñgla

nv ihska nv.sks neúka

ld mqj uekjhs lEjdg lula ke;ehs

neK fkd ke.S l;d fkd fldg

fï kshdfhka fumßoafoka$fï l%ufhka

w;jeiaika wkaf;ajdislhka$hg;a jeishka$

YsIHhka

wkHdjla wjkS;shla$kqiqÿiq l%shdjla

bksífí;a bka miqj;a

úlafIAm fkd j fYdal fkd lrj$miq;eú,s fkd j

mdgj flfrñ o~qjï lrñ

WK m;af;ka WK m;=rlska

WrKj fldam ù

ksmqK lrjQy mqyqKq l<y

wNsm%dh we;sj leue;a; we;sj$woyi we;sj



iudêj i;=gg m;aj

iafkayfhka wdorfhka$fifkyiska$lreKdfjka

jeäud¨ jhia.; jQ$jhiska uqyql=rd .sh

ks.%y wjudk

fndfyda ;rï moï

i,iajd

fndfyda iïm;a § iqÿiq ;;a;ajfha msysgqjd$

mqfrdays; ;k;=frys msysgqjd

wjfndaOh

1' fï l;dfõ m%Odk pß; fudkjd o@

2' rdc l=udrhd ;, lEfõ l=uk ld¾hhla i|yd hñka isáh § o@

3' uy¨ ia;%sh" l=urd lE ;, fjkqfjka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQfha

fudkjd o@

4' rdc l=udrhdf.a m‚jqvh ,enqK o Èidmdfudla wdpdÍka Tyq

yuqjg fkd f.dia isáfha ukao@

5' ;ud ueÍug rc l=ure ksfhda. ÿka wjia:dfõ Èidmdfudla

weÿre;=ud" ksoyig lreKq jYfhka mejiqfõ l=ula o@


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka YS¾I hgf;a ;s,uqÜÀ cd;l l;dj ir,j ,shd olajkak'

¸' l=ure Èidmdfudla wdpdÍka fj; hEu

¸¸' ;, lEfï isoaêh

¸¸¸' wdpdÍkag m‚jqv heùu

¸¹' wdpdÍka rcq yuqjg hEu

2' jryka ;=<ska ksjerÈ ms<s;=r f;dard jdlH iïmQ¾K lrkak'

¸' Èidmdfudla ^wdpdÍyq$wdpdÍka& n%yauo;a; l=ureg Ys,am

b.ekajQy'

¸¸' ^rdc l=udrhka$rdc l=udrhd& kdkakg jejg .sfha h'

¸¸¸' ^ldka;djla$ldka;djl& ;, fõ<ñka isáhd h'

¸¹' ^w;jeiaika$w;jeiafida& l=uref.a oE;a w,a,d .;ay'

¹' ^wud;Hhka$wdud;Hfhda& Èidmdfudla wdpdÍkaf.a .=K lSy'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lfhka Ôú;hg ,eìh yels wdo¾Y ms<sn|j mka;sh

bÈßfha l;djla lrkak'

2' fjk;a cd;l l;djla fidhd f.k lshjkak' tA l;dfõ iy

;s,uqÜÀ cd;lfha oelsh yels iudk;d úuid n,kak'


ñksid i;a;aj f,dalfha fiiq idudðlhkaf.ka fjkia jk m%Odk

,laIKhla jkafka úúO fuj,ï yd WmlrK Ndú;h hs' fuj,ï yd

WmlrK ;ekSug wdÈ udkjhd .,a" oej" i;a;aj weg lgq yd ueá j¾.

Ndú; lf<a h' udkj mßKdufha ikaêia:dkhla i,l=Kq lrñka Tyq

úúO f,day j¾. Ndú; lrñka ;ukag wjYH WmlrK yd fuj,ï

;ekSug yqre úh'

f,day ;kd .;af;a tA tA f,dayh wvx.= mdIdK ksiaidrKh lsÍfuks'

ñksid uq,ska u Ndú; l< f,day j¾. jkafka ;U" rka" ß§" Bhï wdÈh hs'

hlv f,dayh fidhd .ekqfKa ñksid f,day fidhd .ekSfuka jir

;=ka oyilg muK miqj h' ld¾hlaIu WmlrK ;ekSu i|yd f,day

lsysmhla ñY% fldg ilia lrk ,o f,dalv" ms;a;," jdfka wdÈ ñY%

f,day ksmojd .ekSug o ñksid lghq;= lr we;' jir oyia .Kkla .,a

hq.fha úiQ ñksid f,day Ndú;hg keUqre ùu;a iu. YS>% ÈhqKqjla w;a

m;a lr .;af;a h' lDIsl¾udka;h ÈhqKq ù úYd, k.r ks¾udKh jQfha

tys m%;sM, jYfhks' ,laÈj f,day ;dlaIKfha b;sydih ms<sn| fï

mdvu mqrdúoHd mYapdoa Wmdê wdh;kfha fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h wdpd¾h

w¾cqk ;ka;s,f.a uy;df.a WmfoaYl;ajfhka iïmdokh flreKls'

wfma f,day ;dlaIKfha hg.shdj10


,laÈj wdÈ udkjhd ms<sn| idOl l%sia;= mQ¾j 37000 muK ld,fhys

mgka oel .; yels fjhs' tod mgka l%sia;= j¾I m<uq iyi%lh f;la

Tyq úiska nyq,j Ndú; lrk ,oafoa Ys,d fuj,ï h' hlv ;dlaIKh

bkaÈhdkq w¾Ooaùmh Tiafia furgg meñ‚ njg u;hla fjhs'

,xldfõ ft;sydisl hq.hg wh;a wdÈ udkj l%shdldrlï jd¾;d lrk

wdÈ n%dyaó f,ka ,smsj, lnr" ;nlr" ;=,or jeks fhÿï yuq fjhs; fïjd

hlv" ;U" rka l¾udka;j, kshe¨Kq Ys,amSka ye¢kaùug fhÿKq kï

lsysmhls' wdÈ ,xldfõ .%du kdu w;r o ß§.u" ;=,dOdr .u" ;ïnmsÜá

.%du jeks kï yuq ùfuka fmkS hkafka tu m%foaY tA tA f,day j¾.h

iïnkaOfhka m%isoaêhg m;aj we;s nj hs' n%dyaó f,ka ,sms ,shejqfKa o

f,day WmlrK Ndú;fhks'

f,day ;dlaIKh ms<sn| mqrdúoHd m¾fhaIKj,ska fmkS hkafka f,day

wvx.= mdIdK y÷kd .ekSug yd tAjd weiqfrka f,day ksIamdokhg Y%S

,dxlslhd iu;a jQ nj hs' tA i|yd wjYH ;dlaI‚l {dkh fuka u

Ys,amSh m%d.=KHh;a Tjqka i;=j mej;s nj fuhska wkdjrKh fjhs'

Èjhsk mqrd fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh jHdma; ùu;a iu. fuj,ï yd WmlrK

i|yd fuka u úydrdrduj, .Dy ks¾udK wx. i|yd o f,day Ndú;hg

.;a njg idOl yuq fjhs'

ft;sydisl f;dr;=re wkqj ,xldfõ hqo lghq;=j, § f,day wdhqO Ndú;

l< nj i|yka fõ' úchf.a isÍij;a:q wdl%uKh" mKavqldNhf.a igka

jeks mqrdjD;a; fuka u ft;sydisl isoaêhla fia ie,lsh yels ÿgq.euqKq

rcqf.a wkqrdOmqr ix.%duh wdÈ igka i|yd fhdod .;a ÿkq" yS" lvq"

m,sy" fy,a," f;daur wdÈ wdhqO i|yd f,day Ndú; l< nj fmkajd Èh

yels h' ÿgq.euqKq rcq úð;mqr n<fldgqj ch .ekSug meñ‚ úg i;=re

fiakd lKavq, we;d u;g WKq l< f,day j;a l< nj o b;sydifha

oelafjhs'

l%sia;= mQ¾j fojk ishjfia ÿgq.euqKq rc iufha uyd úydrfha fmdah f.a

jYfhka bÈ flreKq i;a uy,a f.dvke.s,a, m%p,s; jQfha f,day mdido

fyj;a f,dajd uyd mdh kñks' tys wre; jkafka ‘f,dayfhka ;ekQ

f.dvke.s,a,’ hkq hs' fuys mshiaig fhdok ,oafoa ;U W¿ nj mejfia'


l%s'j' m<uqjk ishjfia jiN rcqf.a ld,hg wh;a wl=re ,shQ rka ;yvqjla

yuq ù ;sfí' th fidhd .ekqfKa hdmkh Èia;%slalfha j,a,smqrï kï .ï

m%foaYfhks' fuh" f,day ;yvq u; wl=re ,sùfï iïm%odhla mej;s nj

ikd: lrhs' óg fmr l%s'j' ;=kajk ishjfia § foajdkïmsh;siai rcq oji

rka m;l jdlHhla ,shjd ;enQ nj;a" l%s'mQ' m<uqjk ishjfia j<.ïnd

rcq oji ;%smsglh rka m;aj, ,shjQ nj;a jD;a;dka;j, oelafjhs'

úúO f,day Ndú;fhka w;S; ,dxlslhd ks¾udKh l< úúO l,d

ks¾udK rdYshla wm w;g m;a ù ;sfí' tA w;=frka nqoaO m%;sud" úúO

fndaêi;a;aj yd foaj m%;sud iy úúO lr`vq m%uqLia:dkh Wiq,hs' fï

m%;sud fndfydauhla ms;a;, fyda f,dalv fyda fhdod f.k ks¾udKh

lr ;sfí' we;eï m%;sud rka wdf,am fldg ;sfí' ;U yd f,dalv hk

f,dayj,ska ;ekQ md;% wdÈfha wjfYaI o yuq ù we;' f,day Wmfhda.s lr

.ksñka ldis ksIamdokh l< njg o idOl yuq fjhs' fï i|yd f,dalv"

;U fuka u ß§ yd rka o fhdod f.k ;sfí'

wNh.sß iy fÊ;jk wdrdu yd iïnkaO f,day NdKav ksIamdokh lrk

lïy,a mej;s nj mqrdúoHd;aul idOlj,ska fy<s fjhs' úúO f,day

Ndú; lrñka wd.ñl w.hla iys; l,d lD;s ksIamdokh l< njg

idOl fïjdhska yuq fõ' wNh.sßfha f,day l¾udka; mßY%fhka ,enqKq

;j;a jeo.;a idOlhla jkafka ldis ksIamdokh i|yd Ndú; l< wÉpq

yd ta i|yd fhdod .;a rka ms`vq hs'

rka wdÈ jákd f,day Ndú; lrñka úúO l,d lD;s ksIamdokh lsÍu

m%p,s;j mej;=Kq neúka ‘oU rka’ fyj;a wñY% rka Ndú; lrñka ;kk

,o ms<su wdÈh we;s njg jerÈ úYajdihla m%p,s;j ;sfí' tfy;a wñY% rka

Ndú;fhka l=vd ;yvq jeks hula yefrkakg úYd, ms<su ;eksh fkd yels h'

rka f,dayfha wvq oDV;dj fya;=fjka ms<su yd ldis wdÈh ksIamdokfha §

;U yd ß§ jeks f,day iu. ñY% lr .ekSug isÿ fõ'

mer‚ f,day ksiaidrKh

f,dalfha fndfyda f,day j¾. iajdNdúlj mßirfha Y=oaO f,day f,i

fkd mj;sk w;r Tlaiscka" i,a*¾ jeks uQ,øjH iu. ixfhda.j Lksc

øjH f,i mj;S' fuu Lksc j¾. ksiaidrKhg Ndck lsÍu u.ska f,day

,nd .efka' w;S;fha hlv ksiaidrKh isÿ lr we;af;a hlv wvx.=


Lkschla jk ySughsÜ ^fuh fndfyda úg l¿ meye;s ;o .;sfhka hq;a

leg f,i lfndla iu. mj;S& Ndú;fhks'

ySughsÜ oej wÕ=re iu. ñY%

lr W÷kla ;=<g oud or

u.ska by< WIAK;ajhg r;a

lsÍfuka hlv ksiaidrKh

flf¾' fuys § wmøjH fndr

f,i fjka fõ' mqrdúoHd{fhda

hlv ksiaidrKh l< mqrdK

ia:dk y÷kd .ekSug fuu

fndr úisÍ ;sîu fhdod .ks;s'

^mer‚ f,day W÷kl yria lvla&

Y%S ,xldfõ mer‚ f,day ksiaidrKh ms<sn| idOl

Y%S ,xldfõ hlv Ndú;h ms<sn| uq,a u idOl l%s'mQ' 900g muK wh;a

nj wkqrdOmqr we;=¿ kqjr leŒfuka fidhd f.k we;' Èjhsfka

bmer‚ hlv ksIamdok ia:dk oyia .Kkla úh<s l,dmfhys yd w;rueÈ

l,dmhkays oel .; yels h' Y%S ,xldfõ mer‚ hlv ksiaidrKh i|yd

Ndú; W÷kla oekg iS.sßh fl!;=ld.drfha ;ekam;a lr we;' iS.sßh

W÷k l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd wjYH jd;h uhskyula wdOdrfhka ,nd §

we;ehs úYajdi flf¾' n<xf.dv iuk, jej m%foaYfhka fidhd f.k

we;s mer‚ hlv W÷fka úfYaI;ajh jkafka th l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd

wjYH jd;h iajdNdúl iq<x ud¾.fhka ,nd .ekSu hs' fï i|yd fuu

W÷ka l÷ nEjqïj, iq<x ÈYdjg uqyqK ,d ;kd we;'

le,‚h úYajúoHd,fha mqrdúoHd mYapdoa Wmdê wdh;kh 2014 j¾Ifha

fiareú, isÿ l< m¾fhaIK u.ska Y%S ,xldj w;S;fha fuu l,dmh

;=< ;U ksIamdokh ms<sn| b;du;a jeo.;a uOHia:dkhlaj mej;s nj

wkdjrKh lr .kakd ,È' fuys § fidhd .;a ;U W÷k l%s'mQ' 400g

muK wh;a nj ldnka 14 ld, ks¾Khkaf.ka ikd: ù we;' fiareú,

m%foaYfha jd‚c uÜgñka úYd, jYfhka ksIamdokh l< ;U wmkhkh

lr we;s nj ;U ksIamdok m%foaYhg wdikakj b,xl;=frhs mer‚

wka;¾cd;sl jrdh msysgd ;sîfuka meyeÈ,s fõ'


iyi%lh oyilska iukaú; tAllh

YsIagdpdrh kd.ßl ixj¾Ok ,laIK iys; ÈhqKq iudchla

mqrdúoHd{fhda fm!rd‚l jia;= ms<sn|j mÍlaId lrkafkda

n%dyaó f,ka ,sms .,a .=ydj, fldgd ;sfnk n%dyaó wlaIrj,ska

,shejqKq ,sms

lnr hlv l¾udka;fha kshqla; Ys,amshd

;nlr ‘;U yd iïnkaO’ hk w¾:h fok mer‚

jokls¦ ;U l¾udka;fha kshqla; Ys,amshd

;=,or ;=,dOdr¦ rka l¾udka;fha kshqla; Ys,amshd

;dlaI‚l {dkh fjkia ùug ,la jk úoHd;aul oekqu

Ys,amSh m%d.=KHh Ys,amh ms<sn| úfYaI m<mqreoao

jHdma; ùu me;sÍu

isÍij;a:q mer‚ ,xldfõ mej;s nj lshk k.rhl

kuls'

mqrdjD;a; mer‚ l;d mqj;a

;%smsglh nqoaOd.fï uQ,sl .%ka: îq;%" úkh" wNsO¾u&

wjfYaI b;sß jQ fldgia

m%p,s; m%isoaO

mßY%h N+ñh¦ m%foaYh

ksiaidrKh f,damia hlv njg m;a lsÍfï l%shdj,sh

Y=oaO f,day fjk;a f,day iu. ñY% fkdjQ f,day

Lksc øjH fmdf<dfjka ,nd .kakd f,day øjH

oej ,S

uhskyu .sks W÷fkys .skaor weú,ùu i|yd iq<x hjk

WmlrKh

ldnka 14

ld, ks¾Kh

ldnka keue;s uQ, øjHfha úlsrKYS,S

iuia:dkslhls' ldnksl øjHhla iys;

mqrdjia;=jl ld,h uekSug ldnka uQ, øjHfha

fjkia ùu mokï lr .kq ,efí'

wmkhkh fjk;a rgj,g heùu

wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍï


wjfndaOh

mdvu lshjd my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

1' hlv fuj,ï Ndú;hg fmr furg Ndú;fha mej;sfha l=uk

fuj,ï o@

2' f,day ;dlaIKh yd ne÷Kq mqrdK .%du kdu folla i|yka lrkak'

3' mer‚ ,xldfõ f,day ;yvq u; wl=re ,sùfï iïm%odhla mej;s

njg mj;sk idOl fudkjd o@

4' mqrdúoHd{hka mer‚ hlv ksiaidrK ia:dk y÷kd .ekSu i|yd

Ndú; lrkafka l=ula o@

5' iuk, jej m%foaYfhka yuq jQ j¾.hg wh;a hlv W÷ka l÷

nEjqïj, iq<x ÈYdjg uqyqK ,d ;kd we;af;a wehs@

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' Wla; moh" l¾u moh" wdLHd; moh ksjerÈj fhdod my; i|yka

jdlH iïmQ¾K lrkak'

i. <uhd lshjhs'

ii. f,akakq wU '

iii. hukakd WKq lrhs'

iv. f.or .shd h'

v. ffjoHjrhd f,vqka '

vi. hlv ;<;s'

vii. l=Uqre fldghs'

viii. ñksiaiq lm;s'

2' Wla; moh ksjerÈj fhdod jdlH iïmQ¾K lrkak'

i. rEmjdysksh krUhs'

ii. fjfyrg jeä fial'

iii. jd;a;= jev lr;s'

iv. mh ,siaid jegqKd h'

v. k.rhg .sfhñ'

vi. foúhka mqo;s'

vii. nqÿka jekafouq'

viii. nia kej;=ï fmd<g .shd h'

PB86 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

3' my; i|yka j.=fjys ysia ;eka mqrjkak'

wdLHd;h ld,h jpkh

Wod( h;s j¾;udk nyq

huq ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

.sfha h ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

lEfõ h ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

lm;s ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

.;af;da h ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

msmqfKa h ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

n|sñ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

úl=Kqjd h ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

4' my; i|yka jdlHj, wdLHd; mo w;S; ld,hg yrjd ,shkak'

i. nuqfKda hd. lr;s'

ii. lïu,alrefjda wdhqO ;k;s'

iii. n<xf.dv hmia u;= fjhs'

iv. Ys,amSyq ;u jevlghq;=j, kshef,;s'

v. fofofkla uhskyu wÈ;s'

5' my; i|yka jdlHj, wdLHd; mo wk;S; ld,hg ^j¾;udk$

wkd.;& yrjd ,shkak'

i' mqrdúoHd{hd lreKq wkdjrKh lf<a h'

ii. i,a .fiys u,a msmqfKa h'

iii. udud wm n,kakg meñ‚fha h'

iv. wïud mq;=g lsß fmõjd h'

v. wms ñysß yçka .S lSfjuq'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' mdvu fyd¢ka lshjkak'

2' f,day ;dlaIKhg wod< jpk f.dkqjla ilia lrkak'

3' “Y%S ,xldfõ f,day ;dlaIKh” uefhka ì;a;s mqj;am;lg ,smshla

ilia lrkak'

4' f,day ;dlaIKh ms<sn| ,sms tla /ia lrkak'

5' ;Uj,ska idok ,o NdKav f,aLkhla ms<sfh, lrkak'

87PBfkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

m%dfhda.sl f,aLk

wfma Ôú;hg wod<j tÈfkod lghq;= i|yd wmg fndfyda

úg ,sms ,sùug isÿ fjhs' f;dr;=rla oekqï §ug fyda

f;dr;=rla ,nd .ekSug we;s tla ikaksfõok udOHhla

jkafka ,shqï yqjudrej hs' ,shqïj,g wu;rj wdrdOkd

m;%" oekaùï" w;am;%sld" fmdaiag¾ wdÈh o ikaksfõokfha §

Ndú; fõ' fï ish,a, f,aLkh u.ska l< hq;= fjhs' ta ksid

NdIdj ksjerÈj yd ksrjq,aj Ndú; lsÍu;a iqÿiq wdlD;s yd

Ys,amSh l%u fhdod .ekSu;a wjYH fõ' fï mdvfï § rdcldß

,sms ,sùu yd wdrdOkd m;% ilia lsÍu ms<sn| u. fmkaùula

flfrhs'

11

YsIH kdhl ks, ,dxPk me,|ùu

l,dm wOHdmk wOHlaIl;=ud"

úÿy,am;s" l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h"

rdyq, uyd úoHd,h" i÷ka.u'

i÷ka.u'

8988fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

rdcldß ,sms

rdcldß ,sms ,sùfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq

² lsj hq;= foa meyeÈ,sj ;SrKh l< hq;= hs'

lsj hq;= foa Tng meyeÈ,s kï muK hs Tn ,shk ,smsfha lreKq

meyeÈ,sj lshjkakdg wjfndaO jkafka' fï ksid lsj hq;= lreKq

ms<sn|j uq,ska u o< igykla ilid .ekSu m%fhdackj;a fõ'

² lsj hq;= foa l%udkql+,j ;¾ldkql+,j fm< .eiaúh hq;= h'

² tla uQ,sl lreKla i|yd tla fþohla ne.ska fhdod .; hq;= h'

² ,smsh l=uk úIhhla iïnkaOfhka oehs újD; l< ú.i lshjkakdg

oek .ekSug yels jk f,i ,smshg ud;Dldjla fhÈh hq;= h'

² ,smsh ,nkakd ,smsh lshjQ miq ta iïnkaOfhka l=ula l< hq;= oehs

ksYaÑ; l%shd ud¾.hlg fhduq lsÍula ,smsh u.ska l< hq;= h'

² flá ir, jdlH yd jpk Ndú; l< hq;= h'

² úrdu ,laIK ksis mßÈ fhÈh hq;= h'

² ,smsfha fomi ;Srej, wod< bv m%udKh ;nkak' f.dkq.; lsÍfï

myiqj yd wod< igyka wdÈh ;eîu i|yd'

² ,smsfha l%udkql+, nj yd msßisÿ nj /l .; hq;= h'

rdcldß ,smshl uQ,sldx.

) hjkakdf.a ku" ;k;=r" ,smskh" ¥rl:k wxlh yd Èkh

) ,nkakdf.a ;k;=r yd ,smskh

) wduka;%Kh

) ud;Dldj

) wod< lreKq

bÈß msgqfjys oelafjk ,smsh weiqfrka rdcldß ,smshl wdlD;sl ,laIK

y÷kd .kak'

1 hjkakdf.a ,smskh

2 Èkh

3 ,nkakdf.a ,smskh

4 wduka;%Kh

5 ud;Dldj

6 wka;¾.;h

7 ia;=;sh

8 w;aik


6

''''''''''''''''''''''''''

f,alï

''''''''''''''''''''''''''

iNdm;s

m%ikak chùr"

f,alï"

“mßir ñ;=frda” ixúOdkh"

me‚fj¿rj uyd úoHd,h"

ysUqgqf.d,a,'

¥rl:k wxlh 098 2243875

2016'01'10

1

2

3

4

5

7

8

lDIs m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok ks,Odß"

me‚fj¿rj W;=r"

f.dúck fiajd uOHia:dkh"

ysUqgqf.d,a,'

uy;auhdfKks"

wdo¾Y f.dúfmd<la wdrïN lsÍu

wm mdif,a YsIH YsIHdjkaf.a m%fhdackh i|yd m%dfhda.sl ;dlaIK

l=i,;d yd lDIsl¾uh hk úIhhkag wod<j bÈß udia lkakfha §

mßir ys;ldó wdo¾Y f.dúfmd<la wdrïN fldg mj;ajd f.k hEug

woyia fldg we;' fï i|yd úÿy,am;s;=udf.a mQ¾K wkque;sh o ,eî

;sfí'

ta wkqj ìu ilia lr .ekSu" fNda. f;dard .ekSu yd imhd .ekSu"

fNda. frdamKh lsÍu yd fmdfydr fh§u wdÈ lreKq iïnkaOfhka

Tn;=udf.a Wmfoia wfmalaId lruq' myiq Èkhla yd fõ,djla

¥rl:kfhka oekqï § mdi,g meñK wmg wjYH Wmfoia imhk

f,i ldre‚lj b,a,d isáuq'

ia;=;s hs"


) wjidkhwdrdOkd m;%

mdi,l wdrdOkd m;% ilia lsÍug isÿ jk wjia:d fndfyda h'

ksjdidka;r l%Svd Wf,<" jd¾Isl ;Hd. m%odfkda;aijh" jd¾Isl msxlï"

úúO m%ix." kdgH" ms<s.ekSï" iuq .ekSï" Wmydr" újD; lsÍï" m%o¾Yk"

foaYk wdÈh ta w;r fjhs'

mdif,ka neyer iudc Ôú;fha § úúOdldr wjia:d i|yd wdrdOkd m;%

ilia lsÍug o isÿ fjhs' ux., W;aij" úúO wd.ñl W;aij" f.je§ï"

mjqf,a W;aij" iñ;s iud.ï yd iïnkaO úúO wjia:d ta w;r fjhs'

wdrdOkd m;% ilia lsÍfï § ms<smeÈh hq;= ta i|yd u úfYaI jQ Í;shla

fyda wdlD;shla fyda ke;' wdrdOkd m;%h th ilia lrkakdf.a leue;a;

wkqj ks¾udKd;aulj ilia l< yels h' tfy;a wdrdOkd m;%hla ilia

lsÍfï § tys wvx.= úh hq;= uQ,sl lreKq we;=<;a ù ;sìh hq;= h'

) wruqK

) Èkh

) fõ,dj

) ia:dkh

) m%Odk wdrdê;hd

) wdrdOkd lrkafka ljqre o@

) wdrdOkd lrkafka fldys isg o@

) wdrdOkdj lrk Èkh

bÈß msgqfjys oelafjk kso¾Yl wdrdOkd m;%h weiqfrka by; lshk

,o lreKq y÷kd .kak' ks¾udKYS,Sj is;a .kakd wdldrfhka wdrdOkd

m;% ilia lrkak'


wdrdOkd i÷ka.u rdyq, uOH uyd úoHd,fha

YsIH kdhl ks, ,dxPk me,|ùfï Wf,<úoHd,fha §ma;su;a wdÈ YsIHhl= jk

ì%f.aäh¾ id,sh uqÿkaf.dv ue;s;=udf.a m%Odk;ajfhka

2017 ckjdß 24 jk Èk

fm'j' 10'00g úoHd,hSh /iaùï Yd,dfõ §

wNsudkj;a f,i meje;afõ'

tu wjia:djg iyNd.s jk f,i

Tn jykafiag$Tn;=udg$Tn;=ñhg

f.!rjfhka wdrdOkd lruq'

úÿy,am;s yd ixúOdhl uKav,h

rdyq, uOH uyd úoHd,h

i÷ka.u

2017'01'14

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' Tn mdif,a m%Odk YsIH kdhlhd$kdhsldj f,i is;d mdi,a

fiajd nia r:h ksis fõ,djg Odjkh fkd ùu fya;=fjka mdi,g

meñŒfï §;a mdi, wjidkfha ksfjia lrd hEfï §;a we;s jk ld,

m%udoh ksid mdi,a orejka uqyqK § we;s ÿIalr;d meyeÈ,s lrñka

tu .eg¨jg blauka úi÷ula ,nd fok f,i b,a,d úÿy,am;s;=ud

u.ska äfmda wêldß;=udg hjk rdcldß ,smshla ,shkak'

2' Tn mdif,a “mßir ñ;=frdA” ixúOdkfha f,alï hehs is;d mdi,

wi, N+ñhlg k.rfha le,s li< neyer lsÍu ksid isÿ ù we;s

mßir ¥IKh fya;=fjka mdi,a orejka uqyqK md we;s ÿIalr;d

meyeÈ,s lrñka tu .eg¨jg jyd úi`ÿula ,nd fok f,i m%foaYSh

iNdfõ iNdm;s;=ud fj; heùug iqÿiq rdcldÍ ,smshla ,shkak'

3' Tn mdif,a meje;aùug kshñ; ljr fyda W;aijhla uq,a lr f.k

ta i|yd iyNd.s lr .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkakka fj; heùug

iqÿiq wdldrfha ks¾udKd;aul wdrdOkd m;%hla ilia lrkak'


iskd l=uß

Y%S pkaør;ak udkjisxy ^1913-1964& lúhl=" .S; kdgl rplhl= fuka

u mqj;am;a l,dfõÈhl= f,i o lS¾;shla Èkqfjls' fn,sw;a; Y%S

m[a[dkkao úÿy,ska wOHdmkh ,o t;=ud miqj bkaÈhdjg f.dia

jx. iy yska§ hk NdId Wf.k Ndr;Sh ixialD;sh .ek o yeoEÍ h'

pkaør;ak udkjisxy uy;d úiska rpkd lrk ,o fldau, f¾Ld moH

ix.%yfhka Wmqgd .kakd ,o ‘iskd /,a,’ kue;s lú mx;sh weiqfrka

fuu mdvu ieliS we;' ‘fldau, f¾Ld’ moH ix.%yfha m%ia;djkdjg

wkqj t;=ud ldjHlrKhg keUqre jQfha ;ud wjg mßirh yd ne÷Kq

w;aoelSï iys;j h' ;u ks¾udKh ri .ekajQfha tA w;aoelSï mdol

lr .ksñks'

‘iskd l=uß’ rpkd ù we;af;a o tjeks u jQ w;aoelSula weiqfrks'

rij;a lúhla ks¾udKh lrkakg ;u w;aoelSï yd lúh rij;a

jk fhÿï Ndú; lrk wdldrh .ek o wjfndaOhla ;sìh hq;= h' ta

ms<sn|j Tng wjfndaOhla ,nd §u fuu mdvfï wruqK hs'

12


pkaør;ak udkjisxy uy;d .S;" .S; kdgl" ldjH ix.%y ks¾udKh

lsÍfuka muKla fkd j fy<Èj yd ,xld§m hk mqj;am;aj, l;=jrhl="

ixialdrljrhl= f,i o isxy, NdIdjg yd idys;Hhg bgq lr we;s

fiajdj w.fka h'

udkjisxy uy;d úfYaI olaI;djla oelajQfha ldjH iy .S; kdgl

ks¾udKfhys h' ufkdaydÍ kue;s .S; kdglh;a fiamd,sld kue;s <ud

.S; kdglh;a t;=udf.a ks¾udK jk w;r ‘ó lsß’" ‘fjila ñysr’" ‘.=re

f.org hk w;r u.’" ‘we;a .df,a ore fmu’" ‘uf.a rg’ wdÈh t;=udf.a

m%lg ldjH ks¾udK lsysmhls' uy fnda jkaku" iriaj;S wNskkaokh

jeks .S mo rpkd o t;=ud úiska ks¾udKh flßKs'

fldau, f¾Ld kï jQ pkaør;ak udkjisxyhkaf.a ks¾udK tl;=fjka

fuu moH mka;sh Wmqgd .kakd ,È' wms tu moH mka;sh ñysß f,i

.dhkd lruq'

is,s,dfrl fy,a ue,S

fm;s w;ßka ie,s ie,S

lkg fkdfhk is;g oefkk

is,s is,shl meg,s,d"

<d wU o¿ kj kjd

oï mdáka Tm oud

i| leka ñ‚ leg wiafika

W,am;aj, lsñÈ,d"

flfi,a .iska u;= fj,d

f.dnh jáka oejá,d

lsß mdgg Tm,d f.k

wyig mek md fj,d"

fk¨ï uf,a fm;si,d

mqnqÿjñka fkdu ;<d

nÜg jfÜ f¾Kq fmdl=r

r;= meyefhka iri,d"

fk¨ï fldf<a fkdu we,S

Èh ì÷jl .e,s .e,S

fmr<s fmr<s fi,a,ï fldg

Èh /,a,g tla fj,d"

.y fld< ksÈ w;fr§

f,dj ksy~j ;sìh§

ri .Shla wl=<d f.k

isyskj,g jeÈ je§

u;=msg ke. iqÿ j,d

ysu l÷ msg .ejis,d

y| t<sfha ks,a wyfia

tA fï w; weúo,d

isks÷ fldmqj weo fy<d

mqjla u,la úyso,d

we;a o;a mdáka u,a weg

lsks;s Èf.a w,j,d


w;f¾ È. nvjeà

je,s ly u,aj, .eà

b÷ks,a ñ‚ t<shla §

oejá oejá tl ieà

nei hk .Õ=,e,a mqrd

fmK ms~qj, ieß ird

.sß f,kaj, l÷ .=,aj,

w÷r iu. fkd fld÷rd

ñ‚;,fhl ;re fy<d

i÷f.ka wek wUr,d

tu ¥ú,s l=vq msU msU

foaÿkqj, jev oud"

uf. ;=kaueis Èh‚f.a

rij;a isyskh Èf.a

iskd l=uß kgk l,g

Èáñ ish¨ rej wef.a

is,s,dr c, ;,dj

fy,aue,s Èfha msfmk iqÿ meye;s u,a j¾.hla

f.dn È. yefrkakg fmr flfi,a o,a,

Tm Èiakh¦ ldka;sh¦ nen<Su

fldmqj wdjrKh¦ jeiau

.sßf,ka l÷j, msysá .=yd¦ .,a f,ka

.|U .dhk jdok lrk foaj fldÜGdihla

b÷ks,a ñ‚ bkaøkS, ud‚lH

.Õ=,e,a .x.d" Èh we,s


fiamd,sl u,a .=,d

?g fydfrka fyd,j,d

keá r;= lr fyjKe,s hg

ìu yeu ;ek úiqrejd

oÕ lrñka kg kgd

weúÈk uq¿ f,dj jgd

.|U l=ußhls fud<leá

we;s iqr;,a .;s kqrd

weh ÿgq ok ;=gq fj;S

‘iskd’ kñka wu;;S

wE fj; <eÈ fkdjk flfkl=

fï uq¿ f,dfjys u ke;S


wjfndaOh

1' fuu moH mka;sfhka j¾Kkd flfrkafka l=ula o@

2' b÷ks,a ue‚ll t<shg iudk lr we;af;a fudkjd o@

3' foaÿkakg mdg ,eî we;af;a flfia o@

4' uq¿ f,dalh u .S;j;a ù we;s nj mjik lúh Wmqgd olajkak'

5' ish,a,ka u <eÈhdjla olajk fï ;eke;a;sh lúhd y÷kajkafka

l=uk kulska o@

ri lú f.d;uqlú ri ú¢uq

fodhs fodhs fodhs fodhsh mq;d - nhs nhs nhs nhsh mq;d

Tkak nfnda we;skakshd - .,a wrfò isákakshd

.f,ka .,g mkskakshd - nnqg nfha ÿjkakshd'

nfiys ri fkd y÷kk l=vd l, § mjd Tn lúhl ri ú¢ nj u;l o@

wïudf.a" w;a;ïudf.a" kekaodf.a" mqxÑ wïudf.a fyda f,dl= wïudf.a

Wl=f<ys ke<efjñka wehf.a ñysß yçka iekiqKq whqre Tng isysjkq

we;' ke<ú,s .S ,hdkaú;j .efhoa§ kskao orejd fj;g tkafka tys

ßoauh yd ;d,h ksihs'

my; i|yka lú .dhkd lrkak'

f.dv b;d wfma jefõ ù yd yd yß ydjd

f,dl= i;d fyd¢ka je fõù lef,a ueÈka wdjd

n,j ;d wgq fldgq fnda ù ysg f.k .Õ .djd

n, we;d nv.sks fka ù jg msg weye ,Ejd

uqksodi l=udr;=x.


ud jeks ì,skaod

jr jr <Õg lekaod

ÿla iem l=uka od

wik ksßf|da fjk fldhska od

f;dg.uqfõ Y%S rdyq, ysñ

fï tla tla lúh .dhkd lrkafka tlsfklg fjkia ßoauhlg yd

;d,hlg wkqj hs' th tfia isÿ jkafka tA tA lúfhys wlaIr fyj;a

wl=re fhdod we;s wdldrh wkqj hs' fï Yío rgdj ‘úß;’ hkqfjka

ye¢kafõ' lúhla úß;lg wkqj rij;aj .hk úg uOqr jQ y~la u;=

fjhs' tys Yíoh rij;a fjhs'


oj,a ;siafi

m÷re wiafi

yexf.k fmdä

ydjd

mdg ÿUqre

weia jgl=re

f,dau ;sfnk

ydjd

lg fome;af;

fl¢ nqre;a;

È.g weÿKq

ydjd

weia' uyskao ysñ

fï lú fmf<ys"

;siafi - wiafi

ÿUqre - jgl=re

fome;af; - nqre;a;

hkqfjka fh§ we;s moj, úfYaIhla Tng oefkkq we;s' fuf,i iudk

Yío tl ;ek fh§u ksid tu lúfhka rij;a Yíohla cks; fjhs' wms

;j;a WodyrKhla f.k n,uq'


meye ir‚h ñ‚ meñ‚h fld;a w.g

n| lsls‚h oo .sys‚h úuka jg

fkd j mer‚h jk ru‚h úáka úg

ie<,sys‚h jÿ le,‚h mqr jrg

fuu lúfhys o ir‚h" meñ‚h" lsls‚h" .sys‚h" mer‚h" ru‚h"

,sys‚h" le,‚h hkqfjka iudk Yío tlsfklg kskakdo jk whqßka

fhdod we;' fuu ldjH Wml%uh wm y÷kajkafka wkqm%di kñks'

‘wkqm%di’ Ndú;fhka o Yíoh rij;a fjhs'

tfuka u fuu lúfhys uq, § ‘h’ wlaIrfhka o ueo § ‘h’ wlaIrfhka

o w. § ‘g’ wlaIrfhka o mo y;r u wjika lr we;' ‘t<sjeg’ yd

‘t<siuh’ hkqfjka y÷kajkafka tl u wlaIrhlska mo y;r u wjika

lrk fï ldjH ,laIKh hs' uq, § yd ueo § fuu ldjH ,laIKh

wdrlaId lr .kakg iu;a jkafka b;d u olaI lúfhla mu‚' fï

ldjH ,laIKh o fya;= jkafka lúhl Yíohg uOqr ufkdayr y~la tla

lrkakg h' Yíoh rij;a lrkakg h' Yíoh rij;a l< hq;af;a w¾:h o

/flk wdldrhg h' Yío rih /l .ekSu i|yd w¾:hla fkdue;s Yío

.e<mSfuka fyd| lúhla ks¾udKh l< fkd yels h'

ukd f,i mo .e<mSfuka lúhl Yíoh rij;a lrkakg yels nj

fuhska meyeÈ,s jkq we;' fujeks fhÿï u.ska lúhlg uOqr iajrhla"

ñysß y~la tla l< yels h'

iskd l=uß moH mka;sh .dhkd lroa§ Yíoh jv jvd;a rij;aj

oefkkafka tys we;=<;a wkqm%dij;a fhÿï ksihs'

“Èh ì÷jl .e,S .e,S

“fmr<s fmr<s fi,a,ï fldg” “we;a o;a mdáka u,a weg” “tu ¥ú,s l=vq msU msU” “iskd l=uß kgk l,g”

tfuka u ‘iskd l=uß’ lú mka;sfha t<siuh /l .kakg lúhd iu;a

ù ;sîfuka tys Yío rih jvd;a rij;a fõ' uq,a mo fol;a wjidk

moh;a tl u wl=rlska wjika lrkakg lúhd W;aidy lr ;sîfuka lú


mka;sh rij;a ù we;' fï lú tlska tl .hk úg iudk y~la u;=

jk jpk lSmhla tl <`. fh§ we;s njla fmfkhs' tl iudk Yío tl

<`. fh§fuka Yíoh rij;a fjhs'

“flfi,a .fika u;= fj,d

f.dnh jáka oejá,d” “fk¨ï fldf<ys fkdu we,S

Èh ì÷jl .e,s .e,S” “weh ÿgq ok ;=gq fj;S

iskd kñka wu;;S” lúhla rij;a jkafka tu lúh u.ska lshefjk woyi;a rij;a jqj fyd;a

muKls' lúfha woyi fyj;a w¾:h ri .kajkakg o ks¾udKlrejd

rij;a fhÿï Ndú; lrhs' my; i|yka lúh .dhkd lrkak'

È,sys È,sys wdldfia nn<k u,a

;dreld

nen<s nen<s wdldfia È,sfik u,a

;dreld

.kag;a nE fokag;a nE mqxÑ rejka

;dreld

wdkkao rdclreKd

fuu lúfhys fh§ we;s ‘u,a ;dreld’ hk fhÿu wmQre fhÿuls' u,a

jf.a ;dreld fyda u,a jeks ;dreld hkqfjka fyda fkd lshd u,a ;dreld

f,i fhdod we;' fuka" fia" jeks" jf.a" whqre hkdÈ ksmd; fkd fhdod

hula hulg iudk lrk fujeks fhÿï y÷kajkafka ‘rEml’ hkqfjks'

uy mqÿfuls

u,l uf,ls

keye tys ils

iuk,fhls

fuu lúfhys ‘uf,l uf,ls’ hk fhÿfuys woyi;a u,la jf.a

iuk,fhla hkak hs' tfy;a ‘jf.a’ hk moh fkdue;sj fh§ we;s


neúka th o rEmlhls' rEmlj,ska w,xldr jkafka lúfha w¾:h hs'

oeka wms ;j;a lú lSmhla .dhkd lruq' tA lúj, fh§ we;s rEml

w,xldr y÷kd .kakg W;aidy lruq'

ks,a froaol rka ;eáhla

yx.k yeá fukak lshd

rkajka wfm bre foúfhda

yexf.;s uy uqyqÿ l=fia

j; iqmsms mshqfuls

fk; iqks,a ñ‚ hqjf<ls

.; .k rka refjls

jk; k; uq;a ljqre fj;s yels

fï lúj,"

bre foúfhda - rka ;eáhls

uy uqyqo - ks,a froaols

j; - mshquls

fk; - ñ‚ hqj<ls

.; - rka rejls

hkqfjka rEml fhdod we;s wdldrh Tng meyeÈ,s jkq we;'


.i j;=iqÿ

ù msßisÿ

fmdfydh ke;sÿ

is,a.;a n÷

uqksodi l=udr;=x.


cïnq .yg r; fmdrjkakS

nlaó .y ly wkaokakS

wU o¨ <d r; ;jrkakS

f,da l; úis;=re lr,kakS

wÍfika wyqnqÿ

fuu lúj,ska lshefjkafka iajdNdúl isÿùï lSmhls' j;=iqÿ .i jeiS

hk ;rï iqÿ meye u,a msmS ;sîu" cïnq .i r;= meye;s f.äj,ska msÍ

;sîu" nlaó .i u,a msmS ly mdáka jeiS hdu" wU o¨ ,d r;= meyefhka

nen<Su hk isÿùï iajdNdúl h' tfy;a l;=jrhd fï isÿùï .ek

lshkafka iÔù ñksia l%shdldrlï f,i hs' fï olaI lùka ;u ks¾udK

rij;a lrkakg fhdod .kakd ;j;a ldjH Wml%uhls'

“j;=iqÿ .y is,a wrf.k” “ljqreka fyda cïnq .yg r;= mdg froaola fmdrjd,d” “nlaó .yg;a ly froaola wkao,d” “wU o¨j, <d r;= mdg ;jr,d”

hkqfjka ñksia l%shdldrlï f,i fï iajdNdúlj isÿ jk oE bÈßm;a

lsÍu" fuys w¾:h rij;a lrkakg fuka u tA tA isÿùï yd wjia:d wm

bÈßfha uefjkakg o fya;= fõ'

.k ks,a fld< msreKq .ila

lsß j;=ßka kdjk f,i

l÷ ysia ojgd óÿï

my<g nis;S

weia' uyskao ysñ

fuu lúfhys o lshefjkafka l÷ uqÿka jgd we;s óÿï my<g .,d hdu

ljqreka fyda lrk l%shdjla f,i hs' th .ila lsß j;=frka keyeùug

iudk lr olajd we;' fuhska isÿ jkafka o w¾:h rij;a ùuls'


iskd l=uß moH mka;sfha we;=<;a my; i|yka lúh .dhkd lrkak'

isks÷ fldmqj weofy<d

mqjla u,la úyso,d

we;a o;a mdáka u,a weg

lsks;s Èf.a w,j,d

mqjla u,l fldmqj weo oud u,a lsks;s Èf.a mqjla u,a weg w,jkq Tn

oel ;sfí o@ lsis úfgla tjekakla isÿ fkd fõ' tfy;a lúhd lshkafka

tjeks l%shdjla .ek hs' fï iskd l=ußhf.a l%shdjls' olaI lùyq fujeks

iajdNdúl isÿùï ñksia l%shdldrlï f,i j¾Kkd lr;s'

Tn fyd¢ka u okakd ;j;a ldjH Wml%uhla jkafka Wmud fh§u hs'


iuka msÉp u,a bysreKq “wd;df.a /jq< È.hs'

ks,a ;K fld< msÜgkshla lsß jdf.a iqÿ u iqÿhs” jf.hs wyi wkak n,kq

fldÉpr ,iaik o ?g “bref.a fmdä megjqka fuka

nn<k rkajka u,a we;s

uf. iqr;,a wlaldf.a fï ls‚ysß .y n,kak

udf,a uq;= weg jdf.a uyK fj,d jf.a fka o” fï jefgkafk msks ìxÿ;a

youq tlla tA jdf.a

fuu lúj, fh§ we;s Wmud y÷kd .ksuq'

;re mdhd we;s wyi - iuka msÉp u,a bysreKq msÜgkshla jf. hs

jefgk msks ìxÿ - wlaldf.a udf,a uq;= weg jf. hs

wd;df.a /jq, - lsß jf. hs"

rkajka u,a - ysref.a megjqka jf. hs

hula hulg iudk lr oelaùfï § jf.a" jeks" n÷ hkdÈ ksmd; fh§fuka

Wmudj keue;s ldjH Wml%uh ielfia' tA u.ska o isÿ jkafka lúhl

w¾:h rij;a ùu hs'


lúhla ks¾udKh lsÍfï § Yíoh;a w¾:h;a rij;a f,i bÈßm;a lsÍu

yd uekúka ixfhda. lsÍu olaI lúhdf.a ld¾hNdrh hs' túg tu lú

lshjd ri ú¢kakka ;=< o lsis od wu;l fkd jk rihla we;s fjhs'

ri ú¢kakg;a ri lú f.d;kakg;a wm mqreÿ úh hq;= hs'


n,kq fï fõ hd

f,dl= i;l= fkdfõ hd

iu.sh u fõ hd

Wf. n,h f,dfõ hd

flkao fmd,a b;d

iq¿ fohls iel ke;d

lUh bka f.d;d

f.k" nekao yels we;d

uyfk,a iqj| u h

l=vuiq ms<S .| u h

folg tl Èh u h

fyd|g krlg folg lg u h

fï lú ks¾udKh ù we;af;a wm tÈfkod olsk mßirh weiqfrks'

tfy;a tA u.ska § we;s m‚jqvh yd Wmfoi n,kak' rij;a lúhlska

fujeks Wmfoia § Ôú;h yev .iajkakg o lúhd iu;a fjhs'

lúhla ks¾udKh lsÍfï § wm fndfyda foa oek isáh hq;= nj Tng

jegfykq we;s' lúhla ks¾udKh lrkakg wm is; ;=<g ;Èka oekqKq

isÿùula fyda wjia:djla fyda is;=ú,a,la ;sìh hq;= hs' tjeks yeÕSï

ksrka;rfhka is; ;=< l,amkdjg kef.hs' kej; kej; l,amkdjg

kef.k tA yeÕSu ;j;a whg oefkk f,i lúhg ke.sh yels h' tA

w;aoelSu rij;a lúhla f,i ks¾udKh lrkakg W;aidy .; hq;= hs'


ksjig ù ld,h .; lsÍfuka lú ks¾udKh lsÍu i|yd wjYH is;=ú,s

yd w;aoelSï my< fkd fjhs' br mdhk yeá" br nisk yeá" y| mdhk

yeá" ;re nenf<k yeá yd tys wmQre nj úiauh okjk iq¨ nj Tn

w;a ú¢h hq;= h'

uqyqfoa r< ìf|k y~g" .x.dfõ c,h .f,ka .,g jefgk y~g Tn

lka Èh hq;= h' jkdka;rfha .y fld< fi,fjk ßoauh" Tn y÷kd .;

hq;= h' ksjfia Tn yd Ôj;a jk wïudg" ;d;a;dg" ifydaor ifydaoßhkag"

wdÉÑg" iShdg wdorh lrñka Tjqkaf.a wdorh" fifkyig ixfõ§ úh

hq;= h' tfia u ksjfia we;s lrk iqr;,df.a l%shdldrlï foi;a Tfí

f.j;af;a ießirk i;=ka .ek;a Tn úuis,su;a úh hq;= h' túg Tng o

lú ks¾udKh lrkakg wjYH w;aoelSï ,efnkq we;' fï lú fmf<ka

bÈßm;a flfrkafka fidnd oyfuys fid÷re nj hs' ;=ka uila jhie;s

;u iqr;,a Èh‚hkaf.a iskdj ÿgq lúhd tA iskdfjka uq¿ f,dj u

msìfok nj;a iqkaor jk nj;a lshkafka wmQre wdldrhlg hs'

i| t<sfhka keyefjk l=uqÿ u,a" oïmdáka nenf<k wU o¨" i| t<sh

;jrd f.k lsß mdáka Èf,k flfi,a f.dn .ek j¾Kkd lrk lúhd"

fk¨ï u,a msìfok yeá" fk¨ï fld< u; Èh ì÷ fi,a,ï lrk yeá"

l÷ w;r j,dl=¿ mdfjk yeá j¾Kkd lrhs' mqjla u,a msmS" nvjeáj,

je,s ;,dj, lyu,a we;sÍ" tAjd ks,amdáka nenf<ñka mßirh iqkaor

fjoa§ fiamd,sld u,a .ia hg ;ek ;ek úisfrhs' .Õ=,e,a weo yef,oa§

foaÿkq mdhd we;' fï iqkaor fidnd oyu lúhd j¾Kkd lrkafka ;u

Èh‚hka ySk olsñka iskd l=ußh iu. kgñka isákq oelSfuka ,o

ñysß yeÕSfuka hqla;j hs' lúhl= jkakg kï mßirh yd ixfõ§ úh

hq;= nj fuhska meyeÈ,s fjhs'

lúhla ks¾udKh lsÍfï § fuka u ri ú£fï § o tys w¾:h rij;a úh

hq;= nj;a Yíoh o Bg .e<fmk f,i rij;aj fhÈh hq;= nj;a is;ays

;nd f.k ri lú ks¾udKh lrkak' lú ks¾udKh lrkakg Tng

we;s yelshdjg bv yßkak' Tfí w;aoelSu lúhla u.ska wka whg;a ri

ú¢kakg bv ,nd fokak'


,sÅ; wNHdi

Tn leu;s f,i ks¾udKh lr .;a mo fhdod my; i|yka lú

iïmQ¾K lrkak'

1' u,l u,la msmqKq j.la

ljqo lshkjd'

tA u, jg nUre weú;a

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' rdx rdx rEx rEx ?k .srjq l%Sx l%Sx

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3' álals álsß j;= iqÿu,a

is,a wrf.k fuks yeul,a

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

4' lsßuÿ je,a j;a; mqrd

ÿj mek weúÈhs

wmamÉÑ fldagqjlska

Tjqkag neg fohs'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

5' ó meáfhda Thd T;k fudlo lrkafka

wfma wïud [dõ lshk y~hs wefykafka

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

6' nÜáÉpd .y uqÿfka - fou,sÉpd fodr whsfka

fmd,alsÉpd ñÿ, fldfka - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

7' rkaue,s iE /ia lsrKhs - l,d jefõ Èh oyrhs

o<od ysñ /ljrKhs - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

8' trnÿ u,a r;g r;hs - lcq mqyq,ka iqj| yuhs

fldyd fldfyda fldfyda lshhs - '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''


m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' my; i|yka lùka úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o <ud lú tla /ia lr

mqxÑ lú fmd;la ilia lrkak'

³ wdkkao rdclreKd lúhd

³ tia' uyskao ysñ

³ l=udr;=x. uqksodi lúhd

2' my; i|yka ud;Dldj,g lú fol ne.ska ks¾udKh lrkak'

³ frdai u,

³ iqr;,d

³ mß.Klh

³ w¨;a isxy, fmd;

³ m,;=re


jdlH rpkh

woyia ksrjq,aj yd ksjerÈj bÈßm;a lrñka f,aLk ld¾hfha

fh§fï ksmqK;dj ixj¾Okh lr .ekSu Wfoid ud;Dldkql+,j

rpkd ,sùfï l%shdldrlu fhdod .; yels h' fuys ,d ;¾ldkql+,j

woyia bÈßm;a lrñka WÑ; f,i lreKq ixúOdkh lr .ksñka

is;a .kakd ffY,shlska jdlH rpkh ,sùu uQ,sl fõ' tys § ksjerÈ

jdlH rgd wkq.ukh" iqÿiq mßÈ úrdu ,l=Kq fh§u" mo ksis f,i

wE;a lr ,sùu yd meyeÈ,s w;a wl=re hk Ys,amSh olaI;d o m%.=K

l< hq;= fõ' fï wkqj i,ld ne,Sfï § jdlH rpkh ksmqK;d

/ila ixj¾Okh flfrk l%shdldrluls' w¨;a w¨;a oE ksmoùug

wjeis ks¾udKd;aul .=Kdx. ixj¾Okh lr .ekSu i|yd jdlH

rpkd ,sùfï l%shdldrlu ukd mokula fjhs'

13


my; bÈßm;a lr we;s jdlH rpkh lshjkak'

iqkaor fyda¾gka ;ekak

foia úfoia ixpdrlhka ksn|j u ;ud fj; le|jk fyda¾gka ;ekak

uqyqÿ uÜgfï isg ñg¾ 2000lg wêl Wilska msysá" wfma rfÜ Wi u

;eks;,d N+ñh hs' fï ksid YS;,;a" óÿu;a fuys fudfyd;ska fudfyd;

Wm§' fï foaY.=‚l mßirfhka yev jqKq mßir iïm;a fndfyda

oel=ïl¨ fõ' bula fldkla fkd fmfkk ;eks;,dj" .; is; mskjk

jgmsgdj" f,daldka;h" fíl¾ia we,a, fyda¾gka ;ekafka fmdfydi;a

njg idOl jeks h'

fyda¾gka ;ekafka ;=re,;d ks¾udKh ù we;af;a tys ksn|j u mj;akd

iq<Õg;a" YS;,g;a Tfrd;a;= fok wdldrhg h' tA ksid u ;=re,;dj,

we;af;a l=vd m;% hs' fï m;% >k nQjla ord isà' m;% fuka u tAjdfha l|

o >k fmd;a;lska ieriS we;' tfiau ;=re w;= m;r tlsfkl yd fj<S

we;af;a pKav udre;hg uqyqK §u i|yd h' fuys fndfyda Ydl wä

yh y;lg jvd Wia h' fiiq tAjd wä fol ;=klg jvd Wi ke;' fï

l=vd jk nQgEjg Tífnka iSudjla fkd fmkajk ÿrlg úysÿKq" fk;g

ri÷kla jeks meyenr ;K ìuls' Y%S ,xldjg u wdfõ‚l meÕsßudk

;DK m÷re yd ;=;a;sß mjq,g kElï lshk ;K m÷re fï ;K m,i

wrd jecfò'

;ekak u;ska .,d nisk l=vd Èh lä;s fyda¾gka ;ekafka ukyr oiqkls'

Èh lä;s .,d nisk bjqre fomi nyq, f,i Èia jkafka fndaúáhd

úfYaI h' wmQre ks,a meyehlska iqieÈ fï fndaúáhd u,a b;d l=vd fõ'

u, fuka u fndaúáhd m;% o W÷msh,s fld< ;rï l=vd h' Èh iSrd we;s

;ekaj,ska mek ke.=Kq l+v¨ j¾." ìf.dakshd yd flda,shdia j¾. b;d

meyenr h' kka meye .;a mqxÑ l+v¨ mqIam fk;a is;a meyer .kshs'

;ekak mqrd ÿjk mksk l=vd Èh myrj, flláh j¾." Èh mdis j¾."

fnr,sh iy ójk úfYaI rdYshla u oel .; yels h' oeä YS;, Èh

/÷K fï l=vd Èh myrlska fomd fodajkh lr .ekSug ,eîu Nd.Hhls'

fyda¾gka ;ekafka ;ekska ;ek Èia jk fld< meye WK m÷re tys

ksn|j u yud hk iq<x myßka wmQre y~la ksl=;a lrkafka ksyeçhdj

is| ì| ,Su i|yd h'


fyda¾gka ;ekak mqrd ÿjk mksk iqks,a Èh oyr;a ksr;=re weo yef,k

j¾Idj;a ksid ;ekafka ;ekska ;ek l=vd l=vd fmdl=Kq ks¾udKh ù

;sfí; fïjd ;=< ,;djlg Tn fudn msyskd hk zÜrjqÜZ kue;s uiaiq

fmdl=K wi, u|la fk;a r|jd .ks;s' fmdl=Kq Èfhys Tjqka olajk

/Õ=ï ixpdrl wdl¾IKhg fya;= fjhs' fï l=vd fmdl=Kq jg lr isák

uy .eg fld<" gegeiai yd l=vd WK Ydl wmQre is;=jula ujd mdhs'

fyda¾gka ;ekak mqrd ;ekska ;ek u;=j tk iqÿ meye;s óÿï i¿j

fõÈldjl iqÿ meye;s lv;srhla fuka fuf;la fk;a meyer .;a ukyr

oiqka jid,hs' tfy;a ;j;a ;eklska óÿï i¿j yels<S h;a u tA foiska

fmfkk mßirh jvd;a pu;aldr fõ' wE;ska Èia jk" .=jka .en isôk

l÷ ysia ks,a meye .;a úÑ;%j;a oiqkls'

;=re ysia u; oel=ïl¨ l=re,af,da ñhqre y~ k.;s' ;=reysia u;ska wmQre

isjqreyka y~la kÕkafka ,xldjg u wdfõ‚l jQ zu,a wúÉÑhkaZ ?k

hs' f.dußgd" yïnq l=re,a,d" uy kS, f.dhd" ,xld u,a l=re,a,d" ks,a

weis udrdjd" j,sl=l=<d wdÈ mlaISyq fï mßirh úis;=re lr;s' >k f,dï

;Ügqjlska w,xldr jQ jdkrfhda ;=re u; ys| nql=æ nql=æ y~ kÕ;s'

tjeks u >k f,dï ;Ügqjlska jeiS .sh f.daK rxpqj fyda¾gka ;ekafka

úis;=re ;j;a j¾Okh lr;s'

fï iqkaor fyda¾gka ;ekafka ;j;a iqúfYaI wx.hla fjhs' jk ixrlaIK

fomd¾;fïka;=fõ m%fõY ljq¿fõ isg lsf,daógr ;=klg Tífnka msysá

fu;ek ‘f,daldka;h’ kï fjhs' f,daldka;h ojfia meh úisy;frka

jeä u ld,hla óÿfuka jeiS hhs' tn÷ wjia:djl iqÿ meye;s óÿï

mg, wkka; wjldYhla mqrd me;sr we;s wdldrhla ys;g okjhs' .eUqre

w.dOhl ysi u; isg f,daldka;h kerôh hq;af;a tA foi mfriaifuka

tî ne,Sfuks' túg th krUk fndfyda fokd ;=< Ôú;fha .=ma; njla"

tA iu. u fi!kao¾hhla biau;= jkq fkd wkqudk h' fyda¾gka ;ekafka

wlalr oyia .Kkla mqrd me;sr ;sfnk iqkaor ;eks;,dj f,daldka;

iSudfjka tlajr u wjika fjhs' th wmQ¾j o¾Ykhls' b;d meyeÈ,s

ld,.=Khla we;s Èkhl § kï fuys isg krUkakl=g wE; n<xf.dv

m%foaYfha i,l=Kq b;d l=vdjg oel .; yels fõ'

iqfoda iqÿ fmK leá oi oyia .Kkdjla ujd mdñka weo yef,k

laISrOdrdjla jeks ‘fíl¾ia we,a,’ fyda¾gka ;ekafka ;j;a úÑ;%j;a

ia:dkhls' fidnd isßh ú| .ekSug ßis fndfyda rij;a;= fyda¾gka


;ekafka msysá fíl¾ia Èh we,a, keröug o wu;l fkd lr;s' fyda¾gka

;ekak cd;sl WoHdkh j¾. lsf,daóg¾ 31'5l m%udKhlska hqla; jk

neúka tA yeu isßhla u keröug Èk lsysmhla .; l< hq;= fõ'

wmuK iqkaor;ajhla yd mdßißl úúO;ajhla leá lr .;a fyda¾gka

;ekak" foaYSh yd úfoaYSh ixpdrlhka le|jk mdrd§ihls' úúO Ydl"

i;=ka yd c, ;gdlj,ska iukaú; jgmsgdj .;g fuka u is;g o

iqjodhl h' ,xldfõ w.h j¾Okh lrk fï ìu wdrlaId lr .ekSu

wm ieuf.a hq;=luls'

by; Tn lshjQfha ‘iqkaor fyda¾gka ;ekak’ hk ud;Dldj hgf;a ,shQ

rpkhls' th lsis hï rgdjlg wkqj ,shk ,oaols' tfia zhula rgdjlg

wkqj ,shd bÈßm;a lsÍu rpkh kï fõ'Z fï wkqj lsis hï ie,iqï

l%uhlg wkqj ,súh hq;= m%nkaOh rpkh jYfhka wmg ye¢k .; yels

h' iqÿiq mo iqÿiq ;ekg fhdod jdlH .e<mSu fuys ,d wfmalaId flf¾'

jdlH fuka u lreKq o bÈßm;a l< hq;= jkafka l%uj;a ms<sfj<lg h'

jdlH rpkh lsis hï rgdjlg wkql+,j ,sùu i|yd m<uqj wdlD;shla

ms<sfh, lr .ekSu iqÿiq h' fï i|yd wmg fun÷ ir, wdlD;shla

wkq.ukh l< yels h'

1' m%fõYh fyj;a wdrïNh

2' ud;Dldkql+, úIh lreKq

3' iudf,dapkh fyj;a wjidkh hkqfjks'

lreKq ixúOdkh lr .ksñka ud;Dldkql+, rpkhla ,sùu i|yd by;

wdlD;sh wkq.ukh lsÍu Tng m%fhdackj;a jkq we;'

rpkhl iels,a,

ud;Dldkql+,j rpkhla ,súh hq;af;a Bg wod< lreKq uekúka ixúOdkh

lr .ekSfuks' ke;fyd;a lreKq fm<.iajd .ekSfuks' rpkhla ,sùfï

§ tA i|yd wmg úúO f;dr;=re yd w;aoelSï mdol lr .ekSug isÿ fjhs'

tA lreKq ish,a,la u ,shd bÈßm;a lsÍu id¾:l rpkhl ,laIKhla

fkd fõ'


fuys uq,ska bÈßm;a lr we;s rpkh i|yd úúO biõ Tiafia úúO

f;dr;=re we;;a fuys bÈßm;a lr we;af;a jdlH rpkhla jYfhka

bÈßm;a l< hq;= w;HjYH u lreKq lsysmhla muKls' tu lreKq"

1' m%fõYh

2' úIh lreKq

3' wjidkh hk mshjr wkqj bÈßm;a lr ;sfí'

fï hgf;a jdlH rpkh ,sùu i|yd ilia lr .kakd o< igyk rpkd

iels,a, hkqfjka ye¢k .; yels h' uq,ska bÈßm;a lr ;snQ “iqkaor

fyda¾gka ;ekak” hk jdlH rpkfha iels,a, fufia h'

1' fyda¾gka ;ekak( ye¢kaùu yd msysàu

2' Ydl úúO;ajh

3' fyda¾gka ;ekafka c, uQ,dY%h yd ta wdYs%; Ydl

4' óÿu me;sr hEu

5' fyda¾gka ;ekakg wdfõ‚l mlaISka yd isjqmd i;=ka

6' f,daldka;h yd fíl¾ia Èh we,a,

7' wjidkh jYfhks'

fï wkqj jdlH rpkh i|yd iels,s ms<sfh, lr .ekSfï ksmqK;dj

ixj¾Okh lr .ekSug my; bÈßm;a lr we;s rpkd iels,s lsysmh o

wOHhkh lrkak'

j¾Idjg fmr mßirfha we;s jQ fjki

jeis fmdo jeàu wdrïN jQ wdldrh yd mßirfha we;s jQ ;;a;ajh

flfuka uyd j¾Idjla njg m;a jQ wdldrh

j¾Idj ksid mßirfha we;s jQ fjkialï

wjidkh

jeis Èkhla


fmdÿ foam< hkq l=ulao@

fmdÿ foam< /l .ekSu ms<sn|j idlÉPd lsÍug isÿ jQfha wehs@

mdi, fmdÿ foam<ls' th /l .; hq;= wdldrh

frday, /l.; hq;= wdldrh

.ukd.ukh i,ik r:jdyk wdrlaId l< hq;= ms<sfj<

fmdÿ foam< /l .ekSu i|yd .; hq;= l%shd ud¾.

uyckhdf.a hq;=lu

wjidkh

fmdÿ foam, iqrlsuq

jeäysáhka hkq ljqreka o@

jeäysáhka /l n,d .ekSu ms<sn| idlÉPd lsÍug isÿ ùu

jeäysáhkaf.a w.h" Tjqka iudchg iïm;la jk nj

jeäysáhka /l n,d .ekSu Wfoid ksji ;=< isÿ l< hq;= ld¾hhka

rch .; hq;= l%shd ud¾.

iudf,dapkh

jeäysáhka /l n,d .ksuq

fï ms<sfj< wksjd¾h wx.hla fkd jQj;a ud;Dldkql+, rpkhl

1' wdrïNh

2' lreKq

3' wjidkh biau;= jk whqßka iels,a,la ms<sfh, lr .ekSu

id¾:l rpkhla ,sùu i|yd WmldÍ fõ' fufia ukd mßphla ,nd .;a

miq olaI rplhdg ;u isf;ka ks¾udKh lr .;a iels,a, wkqj id¾:l

whqßka rpkh ,shd bÈßm;a l< yels h' mqj;am;l iÕrdjl m< jk

,smsh tjekakls' tn÷ ,smshla folla lshjd n,d tAjdfha iels,s ms<sn|j

o lreKq idlÉPd lrkak' olaI f,aLlhd rpkhl iels,a, ms<sfh,

lr .kafka ;udf.a isf;ys h'

ks¾udKd;aulj jdlH rpkh ,sùu o jeo.;a h' tA i|yd jd¾;duh

niajyrla fjkqjg yeu wjia:djl u w,xldrj;a niajyrla fhdod

.ekSug W;aiql jkak' “isxy, wjqreoao” .ek ,sùfï § Tng fun÷ jels

,súh yels h'


“trnÿ ;=re u,ska yev fõ' fldyd th wmQre .S;hlg k.hs' cïnq

.i r;a meye .kS' wU" fmar .iaj,g M, fkd bojd u neß h' fjk;a

;ekl bÿKq rUleka h' f.ñÿ, wuq;= fjkils' ksjfia ì;a;s kj mdg

f.k ;sfí' nvquqÜgq o w¨;a fj,d h' fld¨l=reÜfgda lsß ljä w;g

.ks;s' ÿr neyer isg ¥ orefjda nr fmdÈ /f.k .ug meñfK;s' f,dl=

iQodkuls'˜

by; ksoiqk fuka Tn o jdlH rpkh ks¾udKd;aulj ,sùug yqre jkak'

ks¾udKd;aul f,aLkfha § yels ;dla flá jels bÈßm;a lsÍu iqÿiq

h' flá jels ,sùug fm,öfuka ksjerÈ ,sÅ; NdIdjla Tng bÈßm;a

l< yels fjhs' jdlH rpkfha ksjerÈ NdIdj ms<sn| mka;s ldurfha

§ lreKq ;jÿrg;a yodrkak' tfia u jdlH rpkh fþo jYfhka o

bÈßm;a l< hq;= fjhs' fþo ;=< we;=<;a jdlH ,sùfï § ksjerÈ úrdu

,l=Kq fhÈh hq;= o fjhs' jdlH rpkh i|yd yels ;rï meyeÈ,s w;a

wl=re bÈßm;a lsÍug W;aiql jkak' tA ish,a, fuka u m%udKj;a jpk

ixLHdjla ,sùfï ksmqK;dj o <`.d lr .ekSu jeo.;a fõ'


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' fï fldgi wOHhkh lrkak'

—udf.a fk;a bfí ñÿ,g Èù h' wdf,dalhla .;a ñÿ, ud tys le|ù

h' oeka udf.a fomd ñÿ, ueo h' wmQre mßirhls' i| mdhd /ia

ñys;,h u;g .,hs' isfhd;a le, .=jka .en Tn fudn ir;s' iqj|

úysÿjñka wjáka msmS tk l=iqï h' .; is; k<jk isis,a iq<Õ

.,d f.k ths'˜

by; fþohg úfYaIK mo yd w,xldr fhÿï tla lr ;j;a

ks¾udKd;aulj ,shkak'

2' fï fþoh flá jelsj,ska bÈßm;a lrkak'

.fï f.ú,shka iuQy jYfhka l=Uqre hdhg f.dia ;u ;ukaf.a

l=Uqrej,g nei lú lshñka jeã f.k tk f.dhfï j,a me<

.,jñka md¨ ;ekaj, f.dhï me< isgqùu ukyr o¾Ykhls'

3' ‘mshlre Woh’" ‘i|myka /h’" ‘l÷lr wisßh’ fuhska Tn jvd;a

leu;s ud;Dldj hgf;a flá jels fhdoñka ks¾udKd;aul fþo

lsysmhla ,shkak'

4' my; bÈßm;a lr we;s tla tla ud;Dld i|yd rpkd iels,a, ne.ska

,shkak'

¸' mqrdjia;= /l .ksuq ¸¸¸' uu .xj;=rlg ueÈ ùñ

¸¸' ish rg foa isß iem foa ̧¹' wOHdmkh id¾:l Ôú;hlg ux

i,ihs

5' my; i|yka ud;Dld w;=ßka Tn leu;s ud;Dldjla hgf;a rpkd

iels,a, ms<sfh, lr tA hgf;a jpk foiShl muK jdlH rpkhla

,shkak'

¸' foujqmshkaf.a w.h ¸¹' wfmka mdi,g bgq úh hq;= hq;=lï

¸¸' jk wisßh /l .ksuq ¹' .eñ Èúfha ñysr

¸¸¸' oyï mdi,a wOHdmkfha w.h


ksfõok

lsis hï m%jD;a;shla fyda oekqï §ula fyda wkHhkag wjfndaO

jk mßÈ m%ldYhg m;a lsÍu ksfõok kï fõ'

tjeks ksfõokhla wikakdg ksjerÈj .%yKh lr .; yels

jkqfha th ksrjq,aj yd meyeÈ,sj ni yiqrejñka m%ldY l<

fyd;a mu‚' tA i|yd l:lhd fyda ksfõolhd fyda wjOdrKh

l< hq;= ;eka wjOdrKh lrñka ksis y~ md,kfhka hq;=j tu

m%ldYh ixhufhka hq;=j bÈßm;a l< hq;= h' úúO wjia:dj,

§ flfrk ksfõok ms<sn| fï mdvfuka Tng uÕ fmkaùula

isÿ flf¾' tA tA wjia:dj wkqj ksfõok fjkia jk whqre;a

mdvfï § Tng wjfndaO lr .; yels h'

14


^y÷ka.u uyd úoHd,fha fi,a,ï msáfhys <uhs msßila fi,a,ï lrñka

isá;s'&

wis;( wkak fudllao lshkjd wefykjd' ioao ke;sj bkakflda"

tal wy.kak'

iñ;( fudlla yß jeo.;a f;dr;=rla'

uqÈ;( f;dr;=rla fkdfjhs" ksfõokhla' u;l keoao tod àp¾ lsõjd

fï fj,djg ksfõok lshjkjd lsh,d'

iñ;( ioao ke;sj bkakflda" tal wy.kak'

“fï ui úis wg jkod mdi, wjika ùfuka miq miajre folg

ksjdi /iaùï meje;afõ' úch ksjdifha YsIH YsIHdjka m%Odk

Yd,djg o .euqKq ksjdifha YsIH YsIHdjka iudê Yd,djg

o mrdl%u ksjdifha YsIH YsIHdjka ffu;%S Yd,djg o /ia

jkak' ta ta ksjdih i|yd kdhl kdhsldjka" l%Svd kdhl

kdhsldjka f;dard .ekSu o tÈk isÿ flf¾' ish¨ fokd u

kshñ; fõ,djg meñfKkak'”

wis;( úis wg lshkafka wksoaod fka o@

iñ;( Tõ

wis; mrdl%u ksjdifha fka o@ tfykï ffu;%S Yd,djg tkak

fjkafka'

wis; ( Th /iaùu bjr fjk fldg yjia fjkjd' wmsg todg lEu;a

wrka tkak fjkjd'

uqÈ; ( b;ska ta ksfõokfha tfyu lsõfõ keye fka' oeka <uhs

okafka keye fka lEu f.akak ´ke o keoao lsh,d'

iñ; ( Tõ' tafla lshkak ;snqKd fka lEu wrka tkak lsh,d'

wis; ( Tkak ;j ksfõokhla wefykjd'

iñ; ( kE' tal ;j jrla lshkjd we;s'

wis; ( ;j jrla lsh, bjr hs' fï fjk tlla'

iñ; ( Th wfma wOHdmk .uk .ek'

wis; ( Tõæ Tõæ fyd|g wyf.k buq'


“ish¨ u YsIH YsIHdjka fyd¢ka ijka fokak'

uykqjr meje;afjk lDIsld¾ñl m%o¾Ykh keröfï

wOHdmk pdßldj' l,ska idlÉPd lr .;a mßÈ fuu pdßldj

ud¾;= ui wg jk od msg;a ùug kshñ; h' fmrjre myg

mdi, wi,ska msg;a fõ' niaßfhka fld<Ug f.dia t;eka isg

.uka lrkafka ÿïßfhks'

iñ; ( ta ksfõofka fyd|g lsõjd' yß meyeÈ,s hs' lrkak ´kE

Tlafldu fyd|g f;areKd" yß u meyeÈ,s hs'

² ² ² ² ²

^fldgqj ÿïßhm< N+ñfhys <uhs f>daId lrñka tfy fufy weúÈ;s'&

uqÈ; ( Tkak iñ;" wyx bkak" ÿïßhmf<a ksfõokhla lshkjd'

“lreKdlr ijka fokak” “;=kajk fõÈldjg oeka meñ‚ hd,afoaú Ys>%.dó ÿïßh

fmrjre kjh hs myf<djg hdmkh n,d msg;a fõ' th

kj;ajkafka rd.u" fmd,a.yfj," uyj" wkqrdOmqr" jjqkshdj

hk ÿïßh ia:dkj, mu‚' jjqkshdj isg hdmkh olajd ish¨

u ÿïßh ia:dkj, tu hd,a foaú ÿïßh kj;ajkjd we;'”

uqÈ; ( wkak ta ksfõokh fouf<ka lshkjd'

wis; ( tal fyd|hs' ke;akï fou< whg f;afrkafka keye fka'

uqÈ; ( wkak wefykj o wis; ta ksfõokh bx.%Sisfhkq;a lshkjd'

iñ; ( Tkak wms hk ÿïßh .ek;a lshkjd'

WoEik myg fmr ish¨ fokd u mdi,g meñfKkak' msßñ

<uhska wxl tl nia r:hg o .eyekq <uhska wxl fol nia

r:hg o f.dv úh hq;= h' WoEik yd oj,a wdydr /f.k

wd hq;= h' nia ßfha §" ÿïßfha § fuka u m%o¾Yk N+ñfha §

ikaiqkaj" úkS;j yeisfrkak' wdmiq mdi,g meñfKk úg

rd;%s kjh muK fõ' Tn le|jd f.k hEu i|yd ta fõ,djg

mdi,g meñfKk f,i foudmshkag lshkak' pdßldj i|yd

uqo,a ,nd §ug fkd yels jQ isiqka fjf;d;a fyg Wfoa oyhg

fmr uqKisxy .=re;=udg uqo,a Ndr fokak'”


“lreKdlr ijka fokak'

fojk fõÈldjg oeka meñ‚ k.rdka;r YS>%.dó ÿïßh

fmrjre kjh hs ;syg uykqjr n,d msg;a fjhs' tu ÿïßh

kj;ajkafka fmardfo‚h ÿïßh ia:dkfha mu‚'”

wis; ( n,kak iñ; ta ÿïßh .ek lshk ksfõokh fjk tajdg

jeäh fjkia fka o@

uqÈ; ( wkakæ wkakæ i¾ tkjd wms;a hx fldaÉÑh <`.g'

iñ; ( fudlla o wis; fï fldaÉÑh k.rdka;r tlla lsh,d lsõfõ'

wis; ( m%Odk k.r w;fr ú;r hs hkafka u. kj;ajkafka keye'

tal hs k.rdka;r lshkafka'

uqÈ; ( t;fldg u. nysk whg fïfl hkak neye'

wis; ( neye fmardfo‚fh hs uykqjr hs ú;r u hs kj;ajkafka'

^ÿïßh kj;ajk Yíoh wefia&

<uhs ( fmardfo‚h biafÜifï keje;a;=jd'

.=rejrfhla( <uhs ljqre;a fu;k nyskak tmd'

^Yío k.d& fï fmardfo‚h biafÜiu' wms

nyskafka B<`.g kj;ajk ;ek"

uykqjr'

;j;a .=rejrfhla ( fyd¢ka wy.kak - fldaÉÑh keje;a;=jd

u Tlafldu tl mdrg u lvd f.k

nyskafka keye' tla tla flkd ysñysg

nyskak' neye,d fõÈldjg fj,d

fokakd fokakd fma<shg bkak'

^Yío k.d&

uqÈ; ( i¾,;a ta lsõfõ ksfõokhla ;uhs' oeka wmsg fudlla o

lrkak ´kE lsh, f;areKd fka'

² ² ² ² ²

<uhs ( ^l,n,fhka fuka&

wkakæ wkakæ m%o¾Yfka wr ioafoa wefykafka-nysuq" nysuq'

iñ; ( tfyu tl mdrg u nyskak neye fka' i¾" lsõfj;a tl

tlaflkd nyskak lsh, fka'

wis; ( Th m%o¾Yk N+ñfh;a ksfõok lshjkjd wefykafka'

iñ; ( fik. f.dvla bkak yskao fu;k kï ks;r u ksfõok

lshkak fjkjd we;s'


uqÈ; ( wkakæ ljqo <ufhla ke;s fj,d¨'

“lreKdlr ijka fokak” “lE.,af,a isg meñ‚ rejks ;u foudmshka tk;=re msúiqï

fodrgqj wi, /£ isà' lreKdlr foudmshka meñK tu

orejd Ndr .kakd f,i b,a,d isáuq' ia;=;s hs" fuhg

ixúOdhl lñgqj”

iñ; ( fï jf.a fik. msß, bkak ;ekaj,g wdjd u wmsg;a Tfydu

fjhs o okakE'

wis; ( tfyu u`. yerefKd;a lrkak ;sfhkafka ta ld¾hd,hg

.syska lshk tl' t;fldg ta f.d,af,d fï jdf. ksfõokhla

od,d fydh,d fokjd we;s'

uqÈ; ( Tõ b;ska foudmsfhd ysáfhd;a ksfõokh wyf.k b|,d

tkjd we;s'

iñ; ( tal fkfjhs iñ; n,kakfld ta ksfõokh wka;sug ia;=;s hs

lsh,;a lshkjd'

uqÈ; ( huq o biairyg fu;k fik. msß, fka'

wis; ( kE" kE" hkak tmd wms i¾,d tklx buq' fldhs me;a;g hkj

o okafka keye fka'

“lreKdlr ijka fokak” “fï ksfõokh m%o¾Ykh krUk ish¨ fokdg hs' yeu

fokd u m%fõY m;% /f.k m%o¾Yk N+ñhg we;=¿ jkak'

fhdod we;s B;,h wkqj .uka lrkak' lreKdlr m%o¾Yk

l=áj, we;s me< j¾. yd m%o¾Yk NdKav w; .Efuka

j<lskak' me< j¾. ñ, § .kafka kï lreKdlr ßisÜ

m;la ,nd .kak' ia;=;s hs'”

<uhs ( wms;a ta lshmq úÈhg B;,h wkqj huq' ke;akï u. yefrhs'

wkakæ i¾,;a tkjd'

iñ; ( m%o¾Yfka fyd|g n,kak mq¿jka jqfKa ksfõokj,ska Wmfoia

ÿkakdg miafia'

wis; ( wms;a ta jf.a ksfõok lshjkak W;aidy lruq'

iñ; ( Tõ" wis; wfma mka;sfha flfrk ksfõok wmsg lrkak

mq¿jka fka'

wis;" uqÈ; ( Tõæ Tõæ W;aidy lruq'


wjfndaOh

1' mdvfï i|yka m<uqjk ksfõokfhka lshefjkafka l=ula .ek o@

2' m<uq ksfõokfha isiqka ÿgq wvqmdvq fudkjd o@

3' mdvfï tk pdßldfõ wruqK l=ula o@

4' ksfõokh wkqj pdßldj msg;a jk fõ,dj yd wdmiq meñfKk

fõ,dj lSh o@

5' pdßldj hEug isiqka /f.k wd hq;af;a fudkjd o@

6' mdvfï ÿïßh folla .ek i|yka fõ' tajd fudkjd o@

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' mdif,a § Tng wikakg ,enqKq ksfõokhla ,shkak'

2' Tng .fï § wikakg ,enqKq ksfõokhla ,shkak'

3' l%Svd ;r.hl § wikakg ,enqKq ksfõokhl fldgila ,shkak'

ud;Dldkql+, l;d

ksfõok lshùfuka ,nd .;a l:k l=i,;dj o mokï lr f.k"

lsis hï ud;Dldjla hgf;a l;d lsÍug o mq¿jk' tfia lrkq ,nk

ud;Dldkql+, l;djla uq," ueo" w. uekúka ixúOdkh ù ;sìh hq;= h'

tjeks l;djl m%Odk ,laIK lsysmhls'

² w¾:j;a nj ² meyeÈ,s nj

² y~ md,kh ² wjOdrKh

² m%ikak nj wdÈh hs'

ud;Dldkql+, l;djla" .%dyl wjOdkh ukdj ,nd .ksñka" WÑ; wx.

p,k Ndú; lrñka bÈßm;a l< hq;=h'


m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' fï jeks ksfõok;a Tng wikakg ,eî weoaoehs n,kak'

lshjkak'

tk isl=rdod fldl= mKq fodia;r

tkj¨ <uhsks vqx vqx vqx vqx

fydr f,v wrf.k kEú;a bkakg

fyd| keye <uhsks vqx vqx vqx vqx

fnda;, Ndck wrx jfr,a,d

weyqK o <uhsks vqx vqx vqx vqx

fldl= mKq fíf;ka mdxvq msmamqu

ikSm fjkj¨ vqx vqx vqx vqx

fí;a wrx ìjq <uhska ldg;a

ksjdvq fokj¨ vqx vqx vqx vqx

todg kEú;a ysáfhd;a <uhsks

o`vqjï fokj¨ vqx vqx vqx vqx

tia' uyskao ysñ - <ud .S iy lú

2' by; ,sÅ; wNHdij, § ,shQ ksfõok mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï

follg fn§ lshjkak'

3' ksfõok lshùfï § isiqkaf.ka isÿ jk ÿn,;d iy m%n,;d idlÉPd

lrkak'

4' mka;s ldurfha § ksfõok ilia lr lshjkak'

5' my; i|yka ud;Dldj,ska tlla f;dard f.k mka;sh bÈßfha

l;djla lrkak' tA i|yd ksYaÑ; ld,hla ;SrKh lr .kak'

² fmd;am;a lshùfï jeo.;alu

² ud leu;s u cd;sl ùrhd

² mßirh /l .; hq;= h

fuh l,lg by; § .%dóh

m%foaYj, fi!LH jevigyka

i|yd isÿ flreKq ksfõok

isysm;a lrk ks¾udKhls'

121PB fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

f,djg ;¾ckhla jk úoHq;a wmøjH

wms Ôú;fha úúO wruqKq i|yd úúO wjia:dj, § f,aLk ld¾hhkays

ksr; fjuq' tu f,aLk úúO wdldrj,ska hqla; fõ' úúO f;aud Tiafia

ì;a;s mqj;am;lg" <ud mqj;am;lg fyda iÕrdjlg ,smshla ,súh

yels h'

fuu mdvug we;=<;a jkafka bf,lafg%daksl wmøjH ms<sn|j ilia

lrk ,o ,smshls' th fyd¢ka lshjd mdvfï we;s Wmfoia o wOHhkh

lsÍu" ì;a;s mqj;am;lg fyda iÕrdjlg fyda ,smshla ilia lsÍu

i|yd fyd| m%fõYhls' tfuka u mqj;am;a ,sms yd iÕrd ,sms ms<sn|

ye¢kaùï o mdvug we;=<;a fõ'

mdvfï we;=<;a ,smshg mdol ù we;af;a ld,Sk mßir .eg¨jls' tn÷

lreKq ms<sn| ukd wjOdkfhka lghq;= lsÍu o w;HjYH fõ' wfma

oekqu ÈhqKq lr .ekSug fuka u tÈfkod Ôú;h id¾:l lr .ekSug

o th jeo.;a fõ'

2012- fkdjeïn¾ 19 ñysr mqj;amf;a m< jQ ,smshla wdY%fhka fï mdvu

ilia lr we;'

15


f,djg ;¾ckhla jk úoHq;a wmøjH

fï jk úg f,dj mqrd isák ckhdf.ka jeä msßila ;u ld¾hhka

myiq lr .ekSu i|yd bf,lafg%daksl Wmdx. Ndú; lr;s' tfy;a fuu

bf,lafg%daksl NdKavj,ska we;eï tAjd mdúÉÑ lsÍfuka miq kej;

m%fhdackhg .; fkd yels tAjd h' tjeks bf,lafg%daksl yd úoHq;a

Wmdx. bf,lafg%daksl wmøjH f,i ie,fla' lsis od Èrd m;a fkd

jk fujeks wmøjH oeka oeka mßirfha meje;aug uy;a ;¾ckhla

ù ;sfí' jirlg neyer flfrk >k wmøjH fuka ;=ka .=Khl

m%udKhla fuf,i bf,lafg%daksl wmøjH mßirhg tl;= fõ' oekg

.Kka n,d we;s wdldrhg jirlg fgdka ñ,shk 40lg jvd wêl

bf,lafg%daksl wmøjH mßirhg uqod yef¾'

wys;lr n,mEï

fïjd wfkl=;a wmøjHj,g jvd

fnfyúka wys;lr f,i mßirhg

n,mdhs' WodyrKhla f,i .a?ï

foll muK uhslafrda Ñmhla

Ndú;fhka miq bj; oeuqj fyd;a

tys we;s uQ,øjH wjg mßirh iu.

ixfhdackh ù lsf,da.a?ï 26l

muK wys;lr uQ,øjH m%udKhla

ìys ùug bv ;sfí' fï f,ig

wm úiska tÈfkod mßirhg uqod

yßkq ,nk bf,lafg%daksl wmøjH

m%udKh foi n,k úg bka úh

yels ydksh is;d .ekSug wiSre

h' fuf,i bj; ,k uQ,øjH"

yß;d.dr jdhq we;s lsÍug iu;a

jk w;r tu.ska f.da,Sh WKqiqu

jeä flfrhs'

ksrka;rfhka mßirhg tl;=

jk wmøjH

³ ixhqla; ;eá

³ m%;s§ma; myka

³ rEmjdyskS hka;%

³ .Kl hka;%

³ f¾äfhda

³ Ürdkaiaf*dau¾ia

³ úoHq;a h;=re mqjre

³ leurd

³ mß.Kl

³ ffjoH WmlrK

³ cx.u ¥rl:k

³ úh<s fldaI

³ iqixys; m%;s§ma; myka ^CFL&

³ ixhqla; ;eá l%shd lrjk hka;%

³ nyqudOH m%lafIaml


f,djg ;¾ckhla jk

úoHq;a wmøjH

fï jk úg f,dj mqrd isák ckhdf.ka jeä msßila ;u ld¾hhka

myiq lr .ekSu i|yd bf,lafg%daksl Wmdx. Ndú; lr;s' tfy;a fuu

bf,lafg%daksl NdKavj,ska we;eï tAjd mdúÉÑ lsÍfuka miq kej;

m%fhdackhg .; fkd yels tAjd h' tjeks bf,lafg%daksl yd úoHq;a

Wmdx. bf,lafg%daksl wmøjH f,ig ie,fla' lsis od Èrd m;a fkd jk

fujeks wmøjH oeka oeka mßirfha meje;aug uy;a ;¾ckhla ù ;sfí'

jirlg neyer flfrk >k wmøjH fuka ;=ka .=Khl m%udKhla

fuf,i bf,lafg%daksl wmøjH mßirhg tl;= fõ' oekg .Kka n,d

we;s wdldrhg jirlg fgdka ñ,shk 40lg jvd wêl bf,lafg%daksl

wmøjH mßirhg uqod yef¾'


yß;d.dr jdhq mßir WIaK;ajh by< hEug n,mdk jdhq¦

ldnkavfhdlaihsâ" óf;aka wdÈ jdhq

Wmdx. fldgia

ixj¾ê; rgj,a úiska ksmojk

mß.Kl m%udKfhka 50]l muK

m%udKhla iïmQ¾K jYfhka

fyda w¾O jYfhka fyda Ndú;

lsÍug kqiqÿiq neúka" tAjd neyer

flfrhs' tfy;a Tjqka ixj¾Okh

fjñka mj;sk rgj,g fkd

ñ,fha fyda iq¿ uqo,lg tu

WmlrK ,nd fok w;r" tu.ska

ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,a

bf,lafg%daksl wmøjH /ia

lrkakka njg m;a fjhs'

ñksia Èúhg jk ydks

mßyrKh lsÍfuka miqj

wdhqld,h wjika jQ

bf,lafg%daksl Wmdx." li<

f,i újD; mßirhg uqod yeÍu

fya;=fjka" tAjd hï wdldrhlska

ms,siaiSug ,la jqjfyd;a tAjdfha

wka;¾.; uQ,øjH yd ridhksl

ixfhda. mßirh iu. uqiq fõ'

wk;=rej fuu ixfhda. c,hg

yd mig uqiq ù wdydrodu yryd

.uka fldg ñksidg whym;a

m%;sM, f.k Èh yels h' fï ksid

wkd.;fha § ñksiqkag je<f|k

frda.dndO w;r"

³ iakdhq moaO;sfha wl%ñl;d

³ tkaihsu l%shdldß;ajhg jk

n,mEï

³ ms<sld frda.

³ m%ckk moaO;sj, wl%ñl;d

³ wdydr Ô¾Kh flfrys n,mEï

³ m%;sYla;slrK wl%ñl;d

m%Odk fõ'

bf,lafg%daksl wmøjH wju lsÍug

.; hq;= ls%hd ud¾.

³bf,lafg%daksl yd úoHq;a

WmlrK wjYH u kï muKla

ñ, § .ekSu

³w¨;ajeähd lr kej; Ndú;h

³ kej; Ndú;hg .; fkd yels

WmlrK m%;spl%SlrKhg fhduq

lsÍu

³ WmlrK mßiaiñka mßyrKh

lsÍu

³ fuu øjH wkdrlaIs; whqßka

mßirhg uqod fkd yeÍu

j¾;udkfha wm wjg mßirhg

ydks muqKqjk m%Odk ldrlhla

jk bf,lafg%daksl wmøjH neyer

lsÍu ksjerÈj l<ukdlrKh

lsÍu jeo.;a h' th wkd.;

mrmqf¾ muKla fkd j wfma o

iqrlaIs;;djg fya;= jkq we;'


wdydr odu yß; Ydlhlska fyda Ydl fldgilska wdrïN

ù wkql%ufhka i;=ka Tiafia wdydr iïnkaO;d

ksrEmKh lrk f¾Çh igyk

tkaihsu hï lsis ls%hdjl fõ.h wvq jeä lsÍug Wmldß

jk ridhksl øjH

m%;sYla;slrK hïlsis frda.hlska je<lS isàug ;sfnk Yla;sh

m%;splS%lrKh hïlsis øjHhla kej; kej; Ndú;hg .ekSu

Tn lshejQfha <ud mqj;am;lska Wmqgd .;a ,smshls' tu ,smsh ilia lr

we;s wdldrh ms<sn|j my; olajd we;s lreKq Tiafia wjOdkh fhduq

lrkak'

² ,smsfha wruqK( ld,Sk jeo.;alula we;s lreKla ms<sn|j Tn oekqj;a

lsÍu ms‚i hs'

² ,smsfha wruqK meyeÈ,s jk fia iqÿiq ud;Dldjla fh§u

² uq,ska u ud;Dldj ms<sn| ye¢kaùu

² w;=re ud;Dld hgf;a lreKq f.dkq lsÍu

² wjidkfha l;=jrhdf.a fhdackd bÈßm;a lsÍu

² .e<fmk nia jyrla Ndú;h

fï wkaoug úúO ud;Dld hgf;a mqj;am;a i|yd ,sms ,sùug Tng o

mq¿jk'

mqj;am;a ,sms

wmg tÈfkod Ôú;fha úúO f;dr;=re fuka u oekqu yd úfkdaodiajdoh

imhk udOH w;r mqj;am;a jeo.;a fõ' úúO uÜgïj, mdGlhka b,lal

lr .ksñka mqj;am;a m< flfrhs' <ud" ;reK" idudkH fmdÿ mdGlhka

wdÈ jYfhks' mqj;am;a i|yd ,sms ,sùfï § my; i|yka lreKq ms<sn|j

ie,ls,su;a ùu iqÿiq h'

² ,smsh l=uk mdGl msßila i|yd o hk j.

² tu mdGl msßig wod< jQjla o hk j.

² mdGl msßig .e<fmk iqÿiq nia jyrla fhdod .; hq;= nj

² mdGlhdf.a is;a weo .kakdiq¨ nj

² ks¾udKd;aul nj

² ud;Dldjg wod< nj


ì;a;s mqj;am;a ,sms

ì;a;s mqj;am; o f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh i|yd fhdod .; yels udOHhls'

mdi,aj, fuka u fjk;a wdh;kj, o ì;a;s mqj;am;a mj;ajd f.k

hkq oelsh yels h' mdi,l my; oelafjk wkaofï ì;a;s mqj;am;a

olakg ,efí'

² mdi,a ì;a;s mqj;am;a

² mdif,a úúO ix.ïj, ì;a;s mqj;am;a

² mka;s ì;a;s mqj;am;a

ì;a;s mqj;am;l YsIHhkag wod<j oekqu ,nd fok ,sms yd ri

úkaokd;aul ks¾udK we;=<;a l< yels h'

² .oH ,sms

² lú mka;s

² flál;d

² úúO f;dr;=re

² Ñ;%

² mdi,a m%jD;a;s - wdÈ jYfhks'

Tfí mka;sfha ish¨ fokd tlaj .=re Wmfoia wkqj ì;a;s mqj;am;la

ks¾udKh lrkak' ì;a;s mqj;am; Tfí f,aLk yd ks¾udKd;aul yelshd

ÈhqKq lr .ekSug bjy,a jkq we;'

ì;a;s mqj;am;la ilia lsÍfï § my; i|yka lreKq ie,ls,a,g .kak'

² ì;a;s mqj;am; Èkm;d m;%hl uq,a msgqfõ wdlD;sh wkqj

ilia lsÍu iqÿiq h'

² by<ska u ì;a;s mqj;amf;a ku yd m< lrkafka ljqre o" Èkh

wdÈ f;dr;=re

² Bg my<ska m%Odk isria;,hla iys; jd¾;djla

² PdhdrEmhla fyda is;=jula fyda iu. tA ms<sn| úia;rhla

² ixialdrl igykla

² úúO ud;Dld hgf;a ,shejqKq ,sms" ks¾udK wdÈh my<g ;Sre

jYfhka fjka lr ,sùu' A4 m%udKfha lvodishla È.= w;g

folg kud fjka fldg ;Sre jYfhka ilia lr .; yels h'


³ ì;a;s mqj;am; úúO l,dm jYfhka o m< l< yels h'

² w¨;a wjqreÿ l,dmh

² fjila l,dmh

² k;a;,a l,dmh

tfukau ² ixialD;sl Wreu

² cd;sl ùrfhda

² wfma mçjre

wdÈ úúO f;aud Tiafiao l,dm jYfhka ilia l< yels h'

iÕrd

³ iÕrd o YsIHhkaf.a oekqu" ridiajdoh yd ks¾udK l=i,;d wdÈh

ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd mj;ajd f.k hd yels udOHhls'

³ mka;s jYfhka" úIh jYfhka" ix.ï jYfhka fyda úoHd,hSh

uÜgfuka iÕrd m< l< yels h'

³ iÕrd i;s m;d fyda udia m;d fyda ff;%udisl jYfhka fyda ld,

iSud wkqj m< l< yels h'

³ ì;a;s mqj;am;lg fuka u iÕrdjlg o úúO ks¾udK" úÑ;%dx.

bÈßm;a l< yels h'

Tn ,shk ljr f,aLkhla jqj o ksjerÈ NdId jHjydrh wkqj ,sùug

mqreÿ jkak' f,aLkfha § mo fnod ,sùu w;HjYH ldrKhls'

³ jpkhl w.g fhfok m%;Hh* tla fldg ,súh hq;= h' my; oelafjk

fþoh lshjkak'

“lgq m÷rej,ska .yk jQ jkfhys weú§u wmyiq h' fuys § jk

i;=kaf.a l=r .eàfuka ieÿKq wä mdrj,a Èf.a .uka lsÍu myiq h'

tA hk w;r;=r yuq jk ú,aj, ,e. isák l=¿ óuqkaf.ka wk;=re

<Õd úh yels h'”

* jpkhl w.g tla ù w¾: fjkia lsÍug fya;= jk NdId fldgi m%;Hh kñka ye¢kafõ'

mo fn§u


fuu fþofhys we;=<;a my; oelafjk jpkj,g m%;Hh tla ù we;s whqre

n,kak'

m÷rej,ska - j,ska jkfhys - ys

i;=kaf.a - f.a wä mdrj,a - j,a

ú,aj, - j, l=¿ óuqkaf.ka - f.ka

³ Wmi¾.* jpkhl uq,g tla fldg ,súh hq;= h' my; oelafjk fþoh

lshjkak'

“ujq ìfï Wmka udf.a orejks! mrisß;g .e;s fkd jõ' wj.=Khg

fodr jiõ' ÿisß;a ÿre lrõ' iqisß;a jvõ' cd;sfha wNsudkh iqrlsõ'

ksjy,a foaYhla f.dv k.õ' ÈhqKqfõ u. wkq.ukh lrõ'”fuys uq,g Wmi¾. fh§ we;s jpk y÷kd .kak'

mr - mrisß;g wj - wj.=Khg

ÿ - ÿisß;a iq - iqisß;a

iq - iqrlsõ wNs - wNsudkh

ks - ksjy,a wkq - wkq.ukh

wjfndaOh

1' bf,lafg%daksl wmøjH mßirhg ydks odhl jkafka wehs@

2' f.da,Sh WKqiqu j¾Okh lsÍug bf,lafg%daksl wmøjH n,mdkafka

flfia o@

3' Tfí ksjfia Ndú; lr bj; ouk bf,lafg%daksl wmøjH folla

kï lrkak'

4' bf,lafg%daksl wmøjHj,ska mßirhg úh yels ydks wju l<

yelafla l=uk ls%hd ud¾. Ndú;fhka o@

5' ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,a bf,lafg%daksl wmøjH /ia

lrkakka njg m;a jkafka flfia o@

* Wmi¾. hkq jpkhl uq,g tl;= ù w¾:h flfrys n,mdk NdId tallhls'


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; i|yka fþoj, jerÈ f,i mo fnod we;s jpk ksjerÈ fldg

kej; ,shkak'

i. “jkaokd iufhys mQcd k.rh ne;su;=ka f.ka msÍ hhs' úúO

m<d;a j,ska meñfKk ckhd úY%du Yd,d j, ,e.=ï .ks;s'

Tjqka f.ka jeä fofkla c,dYhka ys nei iakdkh lsÍug

leu;s fj;s' thska isÿ úh yels wk;=re j,ska fírd .ekSug o

lghq;= fhdod we;' wk;=re isÿ úh yels ;eka j,ska iakdkh

lsÍfuka j<lsk f,i oekqï fok oekaùï mqjre tu ia:dk j,

iú fldg we;'”

ii. tia' uyskao ysñhka úiska rpkd lrk ,o cd;sl wkq rd.h

okjk lú lshùfuka cd;sl wNs udkh ms<sn| wkq fõokSh

yeÕSï msìfohs' t;=ud wkq Ydikd lrkafka mr .e;s Ñka;kfhka

ñfok f,i hs' wê rdcHjd§kaf.ka rg uqod .ekSu i|yd

ck;dj fm< .eiaùu t;=udf.a wruqK úh' w;s ruŒh mo

ud,djkaf.ka iq ieÈ lúh tA i|yd wúh lr .;af;a h' w¾:

rifhka yd Yío rifhka msß mqka iq ñysß moH rpkd /ila

t;=ud w;ska ks¾udKh ù we;'

1' mka;sfha ish¨ fokdf.a u ks¾udK we;=<;a jk mßÈ ì;a;s mqj;a

m;la ks¾udKh lrkak' lKavdhï l%shdldrlula f,i o l< yels h'

2' .=re Wmfoia wkqj mka;sfha ish¨ fokdf.a u ks¾udK we;=<;a

- fldg mka;s iÕrdjla ks¾udKh lrkak'

3' ì;a;s mqj;am;l" iÕrdjl fyda <ud mqj;am;l fyda m< lsÍug

iqÿiq ,smshla ,shkak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi


ils i| fmfka - iufkd< ., kef.kysr

iufkd< lkao Èjhsfka l÷ moaO;sfhys úfYaI jeo.;aula Wiq,k l÷

jeáhls' iajdNdúl mdßißl idOl jk Ydl yd i;a;aj jHdma;sfha

úfYaI;d ta w;ßka m%uqL fõ' fï m¾j;h w;S;fha mgka ,xldfõ

úiQ ckhdf.a weoys,s úYajdi yd iïnkaO ia:dkhla fia ie,fla'

fn!oaOhkaf.a úYajdih jkafka nqÿka jykafia fï m¾j; uqÿkg

jevu l< nj yd ;u md i,l=K fuys igyka l< nj hs' yska¥kaf.a

úYajdih fï m¾j;fhys Ysj foúhkaf.a md igyk msysgd we;s nj hs'

hqfoõ" ls%ia;shdks yd bia,dï wd.ñl iïm%odhkays wdÈ mqreIhd fia

ie,flk wdoï jdih l< mdrd§ih fï m¾j;h nj tu wd.ï woyk

wh w;r m%p,s; woyils' fï fya;=fjka fn!oaO" yskaÿ" ls%ia;shdks"

hqfoõ yd bia,dï hk m%Odk wd.ï ish,af,a u ne;su;a;= fuh Y=oaO

m¾j;hla fia i,l;s' tfyhska iufkd< lkao f,dal jdiS ckhd

taldnoaO lrk iaudrlhla fia ie,lsh yels h'

16


iqr ro iuka iuÕska iqrÕk tjr

meyeko uodrd mri;= u,a m;r

lermqo j¢k /¢ uqks isßmd ;Ur

ilsi| fmfka iufkd< ., kef.kysr

f;dg.uqfõ Y%S rdyq, ysñhka úiska rÑ; ie,<sys‚ ixfoaYfha ‘Y%S mdoh’ j¾Kkd lrkafka tf,isks' fuhska yefÕkafka Y%S mdoia:dkh;a iquk

iuka foúhkq;a w;r mj;sk iïnkaOh hs' nqÿ rcdKka jykafia f;jk

jr ,xldjg jevu l< wjia:dfõ § iuka foú÷ ish jdiia:dkh jQ

iuka; l+ghg jäk f,i Wka jykafiag wdhdpkh lf<a h' tA wkqj

iuka; l+ghg jevu l< nqÿka jykafia ;u md i,l=K tu l÷ uqÿfkys

msysgqjd" mfil msysá Èjd .=ydjg jev tys Èjd úyrKh l< fial' fï

nj m;src msrejkam;s fõfoay ysñ iuka; l+g j¾Kkdj kï .%ka:fhys

i|yka lr we;' uÕ=,a ,l=Kq tl ish wgla YS% mdo ,dxPkfhys msysgd

we;s nj o lshefõ' uqyqÿ uÜgfï isg wä y;aoyia ;=kaish yegl ^7360&

Wilska msysá iuka;l+g m¾j;h inr.uqfõ msysá m%d.a ft;sydisl

jeo.;alulska hqla; jQ b;d u iqkaor ia:dkhls'

iufkd< lkao uqÿfka we;s md igyk wdoïf.a nj uqia,sïjre úYajdi

lr;s' wdoï l< mõj,g úmdl §ï jYfhka mdrd§ifha i;ajk foõ

f,dúka fmdf<djg oud .eiSfuka miq fï l÷ uqÿfkys Ôj;a jQ nj;a

Tyq isá ;ek ., tî md igyk we;s jQ nj;a Tjqyq úYajdi lr;s' uyd

wef,laiekav¾ rcq l%s' mQ' 323 § uy .sß ofò .,a mä lmamjd hlv

oïje,a iú lr isßmd u¿jg kexf.a tys we;af;a wdoïf.a md igyk h

hk yeÕSu u; nj wIardma keu;s m¾ishdkq lúhd mjihs'

Ysj foúhka kegqula fjkqfjka iqr f,dúka kr f,djg meñ‚

wjia:dfõ fï l÷ uqÿfkys ish md igyk ;nd .sh ksid iufkd<

l÷ uqÿk mQckSh;ajhg m;a jQ nj Ysj Nla;slfhda úYajdi lr;s' Tjqka

‘Ysjfkd<s mdoï’ hkqfjka y÷kajkafka Y%S mdoia:dkh hs'

l%sia;= Nla;slhd mjikafka ls%ia;shdks wd.ñl kdhlhdf.a mdo iam¾Yh

ksid iufkd< lkao mQckSh jQ njls' flfia jqj o uydjxYfha 32

mßÉfþofha i|yka jkafka iufkd< lkao nqÿka jykafiag fia u iquk

iuka foúhkag o ms¥jla nj hs' úúO wd.ï woyk ish¨ fokd u isßmd

lreKd lrkafka yo msß Nla;sfhks' ñksiqka muKla fkd j jirla


mdid isßmd jdrfha § msmS .;a u,aj,ska frdka .ekSug ,laI .Kkska

iuk¨ka isßmd m%foaYh mshdUk wdldrh b;d iqkaor oiqkls' ks,amdáka"

lymdáka" iqÿ mdáka j¾Kj;a jQ iuk,a ?ka ?ka isßmd l÷ uqÿk foig

mshUd hkafka isßmd fmfofia fidnd fid÷re nfõ uysuh f,djg u

lshd mdñks' wd;¾ iS' la,dla ,shQ The Fountains of Paradise ³ kue;s

fmdf;a" Y%S mdoh ms<sn| lshfjk fldgfia § iuk¨kaf.a isßmd .uk

.ek o i|yka lr we;'

isßmd j¢kakg hk ne;su;ayq ud¾. folla Tiafia .uka lr;s' r;akmqr

isg m,dnoao, <sys‚fy<" iS; .Õ=," f.;a;ïmdk" yerñámdk" wdçhd

u< ;ekak" weye< lKqj miq lr f.k uy .sß oUh Tiafia isßmd u¿jg

fiakaÿ úh yels h' yegka isg k,a,;kaksh" ulr f;drK" iS; .Õ=, miq

lr f.;a;ïmdk Tiafia o u¿jg fiakaÿ úh yels h' l=reúáka werfUk

ud¾.h tr;ak" f;aj;a;" iS; .Õ=, miq lr l%ufhka f.dia r;akmqr

ud¾.h yd tla fjhs' rc udj; f,i ie,flkafka r;akmqr m,dnoao,

ud¾.h hs' fï ud¾. Tiafia isßmd igykg mQfcdamydr lrkakg

j<.ïnd" isjqjk ñys÷" Y%S ix>fndaê" úchndyq" uyd mrdl%undyq" lS¾;s

YS% ksYaYxlu,a," l,sld, idys;H i¾j{ mKaä; mrdl%undyq" fndai;a

úchndyq" yhjk mrdl%undyq" fojk úu,O¾uiQßh" Y%S úch rdcisxy

hk rcjreka iufkd< .sr.g keÕ=Kq nj .%ka:drEV ù we;' fuhska

meyeÈ,s jkafka wkqrdOmqr hq.fha isg fï olajd u rdcH kdhlhka

isßmd jkaokdfõ fh§ we;s nj hs'

t<dr rcqf.a §>cka;= kï fhdaOhd" iquk l+gfha msysá wdldY fÉ;shg"

r;= fiao froaola mQcd l< nj ufkdar:mQrŒ keu;s md,s .%ka:fha

i|yka ù we;' yskaÿjre fï olajd u YS% mdo ,dxPkhg r;= frÈ ms§u isÿ

lr;s' ÿgq.euqKq rc;=ud urK uxplfha isg ;ud l< mskalï fufkys

lroa§" iqukl+g jdiS u,shfoaj kï jQ ysñ kulg odkh mQcd l< nj;a

tu odkh ry;ka jykafia,d kjishhla je<ª nj;a i|yka lr we;'

W÷jma mif<diajl fmda od werfUk isßmd jdrh fjila mif<diajl

fmda od wjika fjhs' fjila fmda odg miq Èk isg W÷jma fmda odg fmr

Èk olajd isßmd wjdrh hs'

³fuh mdrd§ifha W,am;a kñka tia' tï' nkaÿiS, úiska isxy,hg mßj¾;kh lrk ,È'


udi yhla ;siafia ne;su;=kaf.a mQfcdamydr ,nñka jev fjfik

foajdrEV lr i÷ka yrhlska ksu lrk ,o iquk iuka foú rej isßmd

wjdrfha jev fjfikafka .,afmd;a;dj, rc uyd úydrfha h' isßmd

jdrh wdrïN jkafka iquk iuka foú rej m,dnoao, yryd jeà we;s

rc udj; Tiafia uy fmryßka u¿jg jevuùfuks' isßmd jdrfha § fï

foúrej isßmd u¿fõ ‘uy iquk’ foajd,fha ;ekam;a lr ;nkq ,efí'

iuka foúhka Wfoid mQcd lr we;s rkaud, foúrefõ f.f,a isg oEi

olajd oEi jeiS hk ;rï jqj;a tjd w; m; .Eug fyda lsisjl= bÈßm;a

fkd jkafka iuka foú refjys yd foúhka i;=j we;ehs lshk .=ma;

n,h ms<sn|j we;s oeä úYajdih fya;=fjks' tA ksid u isßmd lreKd lrk

ne;su;a;= mQcd N+ñhlg fkd fydìkd joka fkd mejiSug j. n,d .ks;s'

nqoaOx irfKa isri ord f.k

Oïux irfKa is; myod f.k

ix>x irfKa isjqre ord f.k

b[a[hs ;=ka irfKa woyd f.k

;=ka irfKa lú lshñka iufkd< lkao ;rKh lrk ieoeyej;=ka

jHjydr lrk úfYaI jpk iuQyhla o fjhs' isßmd lkao k.skafka

ke;' ‘lreKd lrhs'’ .uka u,a," ‘ieye,a¨j’hs¦ ;onohla we;s jQ úg

bvla lvla b,a,kafka ‘fokak wmg ixysf|a’ lshñks' jkaokdfõ hk

lKavdhu" ‘jkaokd kvh’hs' tys kdhlhd" ‘kfâ .=rd’h' m%:u j;djg

isßmd j¢kag hk ;ek;a;d ‘fldavqldrhd’ fjhs' isßmd .ufka § iS;

.Õ=f,ka iakdkh lr f.;a;ïmdfka § f.;a;ï l< hq;= h' wk;=rej

u¿jg lreKd lr fodf<dia ufya mykg f;,a j;alr >Kagdrh kdo

l< hq;= hs' wfkl=;a ne;su;=ka ;uka isßmd jkaokd l< jdr .Kkg

>Kagd kdo meje;aúh hq;= h' nodod yd fikiqrdod hk flïuqr Èkj,

úfYaI f;ajdjka isÿ lr YS% mdo ,dxPkhg mQfcdamydr meje;aùu pdß;%hls'

b÷ks,añ‚ u;=fhys ;enQ iïud iïnqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a md igyk

jid úYd, .,aj,ska isßmd u¿j wdjrKh fldg .,a l=¿ u; m¾j;hla

;nd tA u; oekg wmg olakg ;sfnk YS% mdo ,dxPkh flgQ nj

fn!oaOhka w;r mej; tk úYajdih hs' 1940 § Yla;su;a f,i m%dldrh

nkaojd u¿j yd;ami lemQ .,a w;=rejd m%;sixialrKh l< wjia:dfõ

fodf<dia ufya myk t;ekska bj;a fldg tA ìfuys l¿.,a we;srùug

fmdf<dj lksk ,È' tys w÷re yd .eUqre l=yrhla olakg ,enqKq nj;a"


nd,al jeks úYd, .,a geï u; fuu m¾j;h ;nd ;sfnk nj ms<s.;

yels nj;a tjlg Y%S mdoia:dkfha Ndrldrjrhd mjid we;'

fmr rc orejka YS% mdoia:dkhg .ïjr mQcd l< nj wU.uq fi,a,smsh"

.s,Suf,a fi,a,smsh yd Y%S ksYaYxlu,a, fi,a,smsh hk fi,a,smsj,

i|ykaj we;' ‘isßmd ,l=K’ .ek igyka ;enQ úfoaYslfhda fndfyda h'

uyd wef,laiekav¾ rc" wrdì cd;sl iqf,hsudka" bnka n;+;d" mq¾;=.Sis

cd;sl Tvdfrdfvda nd¾fndird" Ök cd;sl yshqxidka" bx.%Sis cd;sl

frdnÜ fkdlaia" we,ka fjda,ag¾ia" weu¾ika fgkkaÜ" ú,shï ialSka tA

w;r isá;s'

lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rc;=ud Y%S mdoia:dkh crdjdi ;;a;ajfhka uqod jeä ÈhqKq

lr YsIHdkqYsIH mrmqrg ysñ jk mßÈ je,súg irKxlr ix>rdchdKka

jykafiag ;U ikakilska mjrd § Wodr Ydiksl fiajhla lf<a h'

iufkd< l÷ uqÿk yd isßmd igyk weiqfrys fmdaIKh jQ idys;Hh

úfYaI jQjls' iuka;l+g j¾Kkdj" iuka isß;" Ysfrdamdoh" iuk<

úia;r" iuk, yE,a," wNskj ysu.; j¾Kkdj" YS% mdo w,xldrh" isßmd

je÷u yd ;=ka irKh lú jeks idys;H ks¾udK Y%S mdoia:dkh mdol

fldg .;a lD;s lsysmhls' ie,<sys‚ ikafoaYfha § YS% ,xld ud;djf.a

isri f,i iufkd< lkao j¾Kkhg ,la lr we;'

iufkd< uqyq< uy iuqÿr fujq,a nr

iq,l< mqj< ,lZÕk isß fhdjqka jr

j¾;udkfha o YS% mdoia:dkh mdol fldg f.k ,shejqKq úúO idys;H

ks¾udK yuq fõ'


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' jryka ;=<ska jvd;a ksjerÈ ms<s;=r f;dard my; i|yka jdlHj,

ysia;eka iïmQ¾K lrkak'

i. iuka; l+gh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^úIaKq$l;r.u$iuka&

foúhkaf.a jdiN+ñh fia ie,flhs'

ii. Y%S mdoia:dkh uqyqÿ uÜgfï isg wä ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^7260la$8560la$7360la& Wiska msysgd we;'

iii. uq,a u j;djg isßmd j¢kakg hkakd ''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^kfâ

.=rd$fldavqldrhd$lreKdjka;hd& hk kñka ye¢kafõ'

iv. isßmd lreKd lrk iEu fokd u ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ̂k,a,;kaksh$

<sys‚ fy<$iS; .Õ=,& miq lr;s'

v. rc udj; f,i ms<s.kq ,nkafka ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^m,dnoao,$l=reúg$yegka& miq lrñka u¿j fj; lreKd

lrk udj; hs'

vi. isßmd j¢kakg .sh rcjrekaf.a kï w;r i|yka fkd jkafka

''''''''''''''''''''' ^j<.ïnd$uyd mrdl%undyq$ÿgq.euqKq& rc;=udf.a

ku h'

vii. isßmd wjdrh jkafka ''''''''''''''''''''' ̂ W÷jma fmdaod isg kjï fmdaod

olajd$W÷jma fmdaod isg fjila fmdaod olajd$fjila fmdaod isg

W÷jma fmdaod olajd& ld,h hs'

viii. Y%S mdo ,dxPkh ku¢kakg hk .ufka § wikakg fkd

,efnkafka ''''''''''''''''''''' îeye,a¨j$ixysf|a$k.suq& hk jpkh

hs'

xi. Y%S mdoia:dkh fjkqfjka .ïjr mQcd lf<a '''''''''''''''''''''

^fi,a,smsj,$ geï,smsj,$úfoaYSh jd¾;dj,& igyka ;nñks'

x. Y%S mdoia:dkh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfï f.!rjh ysñ jkafka

''''''''''''''''''''' ^Y%S úl%u rdcisxy$lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy$iS;djl

rdcisxy& rc;=udg h'


2' my; i|yka moj,g iudk w¾:h fok mo ,shkak'

i. ,dxPkh viii.rej xv. m%dldrh

ii. l+gh ix. u¿j xvi. m%;sixialrKh

iii. kegqula x.oEi xvii. l=¨kq

iv. iqkaor xi.fn,a, xviii. fn!oaO

v. fiakaÿ ùu xii.f.;a;ï xix. i;=

vi. fjila xiii.kdoh xx. ud;dj

vii. Wmydrh xiv.b÷ks,añ‚

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' lKavdhïj,g fn§ ;=kairfKa lú .dhkd lrkak'

2' zYS% mdoia:dkhZ kñka ì;a;s mqj;am;l l,dmhla ks¾udKh

lrkak'

3' Y%S mdo ,dxPkh" iufkd< lkao weiqfrka ks¾udKh jQ .S; tla /ia

lr mka;sh bÈßfha .dhkd lrkak'

Wod ( i. isßmdfoa iufkd< lkao fmfka - wdf,dalh iuka

l=f<a'''

ii. uqks kkaok isßmdo j¢ï iufkd< lkafoa úysfok

fudalaI iq.kafoa'''

;ks mo

;ks mo hkqfjka ye¢kafjkafka mo lSmhlska fyda jdlHdxYhlska fyda

oelafjk woyila tla mohlska oelaùu hs'

mdvfuys we;=<;a tjeks mo y÷kd .ksuq'

iqrf,dj - foúhka jev jik f,dalh

krf,dj - ñksiqka Ôj;a jk f,dalh

.=ma; - kshu iajrEmh ieÕù mj;sk

fldavqldrhd - m<uq j;djg isßmd lreKd lrkakd

kfâ.=rd - isßmd lreKd lrk lKavdhfï kdhlhd


m%;sixialrKh - kej; ilia lsÍu

.ïjr - úydr" foajd,h wdÈfha kv;a;=j i|yd mQcd lrk

bvï

fi,a,sms - .f,ys flgQ ,shú,s

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' zwZ ;Srej yd zwdZ ;Srej hd lrkak'

zwZ zwdZ

1' lsisfjl=g ne£ula ke;s fm;slv

2' y~ k.d lrk ;¾ckh foajodis

3' rcqf.a we;a y, Ndr m%Odkshd lsñfok

4' .ia" fld<" f.ä wdÈfha we;s nQj wkqiaurKh

5' mg mKqjdf.ka ;kk frÈ uiqre

6' ñ, uqo,a we;;a wkqkg fkd fok fiao frÈ

7' hful= fyda hula isysm;a lsÍu iqUq¿

8' Èh hg hk .ckdhl

9' foúhkaf.a wdjf;aj i|yd lem jQ ia;%sh f.darkdvqj

10' is;=jï w¢k ,o jia;%h iaffjß

2' my; i|yka jdlHj, ;o l¿ wl=frka fh§ we;s jdlHdxY fjkqjg ;ks mo fhdod jdlHh kej; ,shkak'

1' ckhd nyq,j jdih lrk m%foaYj, mßir ¥IKh o nyq, h'

2' fujr iS iEu" jemsÍu ms<sn| W;aijh meje;ajqfKa rdcH

wkq.%yfhks'

3' l< jro .ek lk.dgq ùug jvd jerÈ fkd lr isàu jeo.;a

fõ'

4' úch rc;=ud ms<sn| w;S; l;d mqj; l%sia;= mQ¾j hq.h olajd

Èfjhs'

5' hï ld¾hhla lr .ekSug kS;Hkql+, fkd jk wdldrhg fok

;Hd.h ,nd .kakd o ,nd fokakd o kS;sh bÈßfha jrolrefjda

h'


6' ;ud Wmka N+ñh fjkqfjka Ôú;h mQcd l< rKúrefjda wm

is;a ;=< iodl,a Ôj;a fj;s'

7' ;ud .ek muKla is;d lghq;= lrkakd uq¿ uy;a iudchg u

ms<s,hls'

8' Èrd .sh frÈ lene,a,la ye| isá hdpl ia;s%hg wïud u,a u,a

Ö;a;hla ÿkakd h'

9' b;d fõ.fhka Odjkh lrk nihlg Tyq f.dv jQfha l,afõ,d

we;sj ksjig hEug h'

10' Èk ;syl ld,hla ;siafia lh fjfyid jev lr Wmhd .kakd

jegqma Ôj;a ùug ;rï m%udKj;a ke;ehs Woaf>daIlfhda

mji;s'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' ;ks mo oyhla ,shd tajd úia;r lr olajkak'

2' Tnf.a hy¿jl= iu. ;ks mo lSfï ;r.hl fhfokak' tla ksjerÈ

ms<s;=rlg ,l=K ne.ska ,nd § ch.%dylhd fidhkak'


iqok .=K 17Ôú;h iy wdpdr O¾u yd iïnkaO úÑ;% woyia moHfhka m%ldY l<

wjia:d mer‚ idys;Hhkays yuq fjhs' tAjd fndfyda úg wd.ñl kS;sh

fyda rdc kS;sh fyda iïnkaO Wmfoia §fï wruq‚ka ,shd ;sfí' tla

idys;Hhl m%p,s;j we;s WmfoaYd;aul ks¾udKj,ska fjk idys;Hhka

fmdaIKh lsÍfï iïm%odhla mej;s nj o fmfka' tA wkqj mer‚ ixialD;

idys;Hfhka md,s idys;Hhg o tA folska u fou< idys;Hhg o tA

ish,af,ka u isxy, idys;Hhg o meñ‚ WmfoaYd;aul woyia yuq fjhs'

isxy, WmfoaY idys;Hh" ixialD; yd fou< WmfoaY ldjHhkaf.ka

fmdaIKh ù ;sfí' isxy,fhys yuq jk WmfoaY ldjH jkafka f,dajev

i`.rdj" iqNdIs;h yd f,dafldamldrh hk lD;s ;=k hs'

fï mdvug we;=<;a jkafka rKia.,af,a ysñhka úiska ,shk ,o

f,dafldamldrfhka Wmqgd .;a lú myla iy f,dafldamldrhg n,mE

;srelal=r,a kue;s fou< WmfoaY .%ka:fha isxy, mßj¾;kfhka Wmqgd

.;a lú myls' ;srelal=r,a .%ka:fha l;=jrhd ;srej,a¨j¾ kue;a;l= nj

lshfjhs' l=uk cd;shlg l=uk wd.ulg wh;a jqj o hym;a Ôú;hlg

wod< .=KO¾u ieug tl yd iudk nj fï mdvfuka fmkajd fohs'


;srelal=r,a

;srelal=r,a hkq l%s'j' 3 - 6 ishjia w;r ld,fha ,sheù we;ehs ie,flk

fou< WmfoaY ldjH ix.%yhls' tys l;=jrhd ;srej,a¨j¾ kue;af;l=

nj ms<s.efkhs' mßÉfþo oyhlska hq;= fuu .%ka:fha we;=<;a WmfoaY

moH ixLHdj 1330ls' fuh cd;s" wd.ï" l=, fNaohlska f;drj iuia;

iudcfha u hy meje;aug Wmfoia ,nd fok lD;shls'

pd,aia o is,ajd uy;d isß .Sh kñka ;srelal=r,a mßj¾;kh lr we;s w;r

fuu mdvug we;=<;a jkafka f.dfrdlaf.dv ñisydñf.a ;srelal=r,a

mßj¾;kfhka Wmqgd .;a lú myls'

Woõjla jYfhka - lsisjla fkd l< flfkl=g

lrk Wmldrh - wyig;a fmd<jg;a fkd iuhs

;udyg Wmldrhla fkd l< flfkl=g lrk Woõj wyig;a fmd<jg;a

iu l< fkd yels h' Bg;a jvd jákafka h'

ksis l,g flfkl=g - l< Wmldr jQ kï

th b;d iq¿ jqj - uyd f,djg;a jeä úYd,hs

iqÿiq wjia:djg flfkl=yg Wmldrhla l< fyd;a th l=vd Wmldrhla

jqj;a tys jákdlu uq¿ f,dalhg;a jvd úYd, h'

,nk m, fkdis;d - l< Woõfjys fyd| nj

ukskakg yels kï - uyd uqyqog jeä úYd,hs

wdmiq ,efnk m%fhdack .ek fkd is;d l< Wmldrhl jákdlu"

uekSug yels kï tys w.h uyd uqyqog;a jvd úYd, h'

flfkl=ka l< .=Kh - wu;l ùu krlhs

w.=K l< úglÈ - jyd wu;l ùu hym;s

flfkl= ;udg Wmldrhla l< úg th wu;l lsÍu iqÿiq fkd fõ'

w.=Khla l< fyd;a blaukska wu;l l< hq;= h'

.e,ùug yels h - ì|¨j kuqÿ yeu .=K

l< .=K fkd ;el=fjd;a - fkd yels fõ .e,ùu ,enqug


yeu .=K O¾uhla u lv l< fyd;a fíÍug yels h' tfy;a l< .=K

fkd ;el=j fyd;a .e,ùula ,eìh fkd yels h'

f,dafldamldrh

f,dafldamldrh rKia.,af,a ysñhka úiska rpkd lrk ,o WmfoaY

ldjH .%ka:hls' fuys lú 238la olakg ,efí' hym;a Ôú;hla i|yd

wjYH WmfoaY ,nd fok lD;shla f,i f,dafldamldrh jeo.;a fõ'

by; wmf.a wjOdkhg fhduq jQ ;srelal=r,a kï .%ka:fha n,mEu ,enQ

fmd;la f,i o f,dafldamldrh ye¢kaúh yels h' my; oelafjkafka

f,dafldamldrfhka Wmqgd .;a lú lsysmhls'

biqfrka msßyqK;a

iqok ;u .=Kh wvq fkd lr;a

ì÷K;a rka n÷k

we;s nr w.h wvq fkdjk fuka

iïm;aj,ska mßydkshg m;a jqK;a iqofkda ;u .=K oï /lSu wvq fkd

lr;s' flfia o h;a" rka Ndckh levqK;a tys jákdlu yd nr wvq

fkd jkakdla fuks'

iqofkda ;u isß;a

l<jqka ;uka f,i u i,l;a

mykska .;a myka

tl f,i u nn<k ú,iafkka

hym;a ckhd ;ukaf.a .=K wkq.ukh lrk wh ;ud fia u i,l;s'

th myklska oe,ajQ wfkla myka ish,a, u tl f,i wdf,dalfhka

nn<kakdla fuks'

rka n|fkys flir

f;,a wvq fkdù mj;sk fuka

W;=uka yo imsß

l=¨Kq fu;a wvq fkdù mj;shs


r;arka Ndckfhys ;nd we;s flair isxyhdf.a f;,a ysf|kaafka ke;s

ksid wvqjla fkd ù ta f,iska mj;S' ta iqokkaf.a$W;=ï ckhdf.a

yojf;ys msÍ we;s lreKd fu;a .=Kh wvqjla fkd fõ' l=¨Kq fu;a

.=Kh fyj;a lreKdj hkq wks;a whf.a ÿl oel ;udf.a yo lïmd

jk" fYdal jk .=Kh hs'

fï. .x m, ;=re

mryg u jev muqKqjk fuka

iqokka ,;a biqre

iõ i;g jev fõ h ks;sfhka

uyd j¾Idj" .x.d" f.äj,ska msreKq .ia wka whg hym; i,ihs'

tfuka u iqofkda ;ud <`. we;s iïm;a ish¨ ckhdf.a hym;g ks;r

fhdoj;s'

;uyg fkdiß jk

ind ueo b¢kqj lr nd

i| oel fld| mqnqÿ

jkq oel mshqï yelsf<k fuka

;u woyig fkd .e<fmk iNdjla ueo bkakd úg ksYaYíoj isàu

iqÿiq h' th pkaøhd mdhkq oel" l=uqÿ u,a msfmkq oel" fk¨ï u,a mr

fjkakdla fuks'

wjfndaOh

1' ì÷Kq rka Ndckh Wmudjla f,i .;af;a l=ula .ek lSug o@

2' “l=¨Kq fu;a .=Kh” meyeÈ,s lrkak'

3' l=¨Kq fuka .=Kh Wmud lr we;af;a l=ulg o@

4' iajNdj O¾ufha isÿùula .ek wjidk lúfha olajd we;' th l=ula

o@


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' fuu moj,g úreoaO w¾: fok mo ,shkak'

¸' iqok - ¸¹' jev -

¸¸' isß;a - ¹' fu;a -

¸¸¸' mqnqÿ -

2' iudk moh ,shkak

¸' biqre - ¸¹' iqok -

¸¸' yelsf<; - ¹' i| -

¸¸¸' mshqï -

3' fuu lú mka;s fol weiqßka ñksiqkaf.a Ôú;h id¾:l lr .ekSug

Wojq jk idrO¾u f,aLkhla ms<sfh, lrkak'

4' WmfoaY .%ka: lSmhl kï ,shkak'

5' fuu mdvñka Tfí Ôú;hg tl;= lr .; yels idrO¾u i;rla

,shkak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' Tn fuu mdvñka W.;a lreKq yd ;j;a WmfoaY .%ka: lshjd lreKq

tla /ia fldg “iqok .=K” kñka ì;a;s mqj;am;g ,smshla ,shkak'


foaYdNsudkh hkq foaYh ms<sn| wdvïnrh" .¾jh" udkh hkak hs'

;u ud;D N+ñfha ixialD;sl Wreuh;a w;S; fi!Nd.Hh fuka u

iajNdj fi!kao¾hh ms<sn| wikakg ,eîfuka iEu mqrjeishl= ;=<

u foaYdNsudkS yeÕSï my< ùu ksh; h' “ud ÿgq uq,a ysre fmkakQ

,xld” hkak tjka foaYdNsudkS yeÕSï okjk .S;hls" fï .S;h

ye;a;Ej oYlfha .=jkaúÿ,sfha iajfoaYSh fiajh u.ska bÈßm;a lrk

,o “tä;r ,xld” kï jQ jevigykg we;=<;a jQjls'

.S;fha rplhd jQ lreKdr;ak wurisxy iqm%isoaO ckudOHfõÈfhls'

mßj¾;lhl=" .S; mo ud,d rplhl= yd <ud fmd;a

ks¾udKlrejl= f,i o wurisxy m%isoaêhg m;aj we;' m%ùK

fg,s kdgH msgm;a rplhl= jk wurisxy .=jkaúÿ,s kdgH

/ila i|yd rx.kfhka o odhl;ajh imhd ;sfí'

flfkl=g Ôú;fha tla jrla muKla ,nd .; yels is.akSia iïudkfhka

o ^2005& lreKdr;ak wurisxyfhda msÿï ,enQy'

ud ÿgq uq,a ysre fmkakQ ,xld 18


ud ÿgq uq,a ysre fmkakQ ,xld

ud ÿgq uq,a ysre fmkakQ ,xld

ud ÿgq uq,a i÷ fmkakQ ,xld

ud .;a uq,a iqiqu;a ÿka ,xld

ud mK fuka Tn rlafkñ ,xld

w;a y< mq;a le, isys fldg ,xld

Tn fy¿ ÿla fida iqiquka ,xld

uy ? uy ihqfrka ú;a ,xld

Tn rlakd Èß jvjhs ,xld

ud fk; Tn ks;s n,kg ,xld

ud lk Tn ÿl wikg ,xld

ud is; Tn .=K r|kg ,xld

ud Èú Tn /l .ekqug ,xld

ud .; f,a ì÷ tla fldg ,xld

k<,; ;s,lh wkaoñ ,xld

ud .; vd ì÷ tla fldg ,xld

Tn Wr uq;ayr nkaoñ ,xld

wjfndaOh

1' ,xldj ;ud Wmka foaYh nj oekùu i|yd rplhd fhdod we;s

ldfjHdala;sh l=ula o@

2' ,xldj w;a yer .sh wh .ek ,xldj ÿla jk nj mejiSu i|yd

fhdod we;s lú moh l=ula o@

3' rg fjkqfjka Ôú;h mß;Hd. lrk nj mejfik lúh l=ula o@

4' “ud .; f,a ì÷ tla fldg" ud .; vd ì`ÿjla fldg” hk

moj,ska woyia jkafka l=ula o@

5' ujqìu ms<sn| wNsudkj;a ye`.Sï oekfjk moH mdG Wmqgd olajkak'


m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' fï foaYdNsudkS ks¾udK o lshjkak' .dhkd lrkak'

,xld ,xld fmïnr ,xld

mskjuq Tn ,xld

fydnjuq Tn ,xld Èú §

iqrlsuq Tn ,xld -wÍfika wyqnqÿ

r;ak§m ckau N+ñ

,xld §m úch N+ñ

fï wfma Wodr jQ

ud;D N+ñhhs -uy.u fialr

iir jik ;=re - ksjka olsk ;=re

mskafl; fy< rka forfKa

h<s WmÈkakg

fya;= jdikd fõjd - fya;= jdikd

-fvda,agka w,aúia

2' “uu uf.a rgg wdofrhs” hkafkka jpk 150l muK rpkhla

,shkak'

3' foaYdNsudkS ye`.Sï okjk moHhla ks¾udKh lrkak'

4' lKavdhïj,g fn§ fï foaYdNsudkS .Sh .dhkd lrkak'

5' foaYdNsudkS .S mo ud,d tla /ia lr fmd;a msxpla ilia lrkak'


ÿx ÿughs wÕ=re ughs

.=jkaúÿ,sh fyj;a f¾äfhdaj úoHq;a Y%jH udOHhls' .=jkaúÿ,sfhka

m%pdrh jk m%jD;a;s" i`.rd jevigyka" úÑ;%dx." úúO úIh lafIa;%

yd iïnkaO idlÉPd" jd¾;d jevigyka" ix.S;" kdgH wdÈ úúO

jevigyka Y%djlhkaf.a oekqu j¾Okh ùug;a ri úkaokhg;a fya;=

fõ' w¾:j;a .=jkaúÿ,s jevigyka f;dard fírd f.k ijka §fuka kj

f,djg .e<fmk fia Tfí oekqu mq¿,a lr .ekSug;a ri{;dj ÈhqKq

lr .ekSug;a yels fjhs'

uydpd¾h fÊ' î' Èidkdhlf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka Y%S ,xld .=jkaúÿ,s

ixia:dfõ iajfoaYSh fiajh Tiafia úldikh lrk ,o" tjl Y%djlhka

w;r m%idohg m;a jQ ‘;=kam;a rgd’ jevigyka ud,dj uqøs; udOHhg

fmr<d fmd;a jYfhka m< lr we;' “;=kam;a rgd - 3 ( isxy, isß;a

úß;a” kï fmdf;a mßÉfþohlska Wmqgd .;a fldgila fï mdvfuys

we;=<;a fjhs'

19


“Tkak tfldau;a tl rgl ysáhd rÊcqre flfkla" ta rÊcqrjkag ysáhd

fndfydu ,iaik ¥ l=udßldjla' ojila od fï l=udßldj fi,a,ï lr

lr bkak fldg" kyfh ysr jqKd T<s| weghla' fï T<s| wefÜ t<shg

.kag rc jdif,a ysgmq yeu fokdu W;aidy l<d' kuq;a ldgj;a neß

jqKd' wka;sfï § rÊcqrefjda rg mqrd u w`vfnr .y,d heõjd" ;udf.a

¥ l=udßldjf.a kyfha /÷K T<s| wefÜ wrka odmq flfkl=g wef;la

nrg jia;=jhs rfgka mx.=jl=hs fokjd lsh,d'”

Th lshk isoaêh jqfKa “tfldau;a tl rgl” “tfldau;a tl ldf,l” h' fï isoaêh jqfKa wo kï rÊcqrejka fï isoaêh uyck;djg okajd

isákafka flfia o@ w`vfnr .eySfuka o@ ke;' iuyr úg mqj;am;a

ud¾.fhka" ke;fyd;a .=jkaúÿ,sh ud¾.fhks'

“fukak úfYaI .=jkaúÿ,s ksfõokhla' Y%S ,xldêm;s uyd

rdfcda;a;uhdKka jykafiaf.a ¥ l=ußh yÈis Y,H l¾uhlg

Ndckh lsÍug isÿ ù ;sfí' fï i|yd ish¨ u úfYaI{ ffjoHjreka

uyjdi, ÿ.a.kakd ks,fïg fyda wi, u we;s fiajd uqr fmd<g

fyda jyd u jd¾;d l< hq;= nj rdcH f,alï;=ud okajd isáhs'”

fï wdldrfhka wo .=jkaúÿ,sfhka flfrkafka tod" isxy, rÊcqrejkaf.a

ld,fhys w`vfnrfhka isÿ jqKq ldßh u h' tod w`vfnrfhka flrefKa

hïlsis m‚úvhla úYd, msßila w;rg f.k hEu hs' fï ldßh wo

ye¢kafjkafka “ck ikaksfõokh” hk kñks' ck ikaksfõokh"

fmdaiagrh" Ñ;%mgh" fmd;a jeks úúO ud¾.j,g “ck udOH” hk ku

jHjydr fõ'

“ikaksfõokh” hk moh w¨;a jqj;a ikaksfõok ldßh wm iudchg

w¨;a fohla fyda wmQrejla fkd fõ' tod wmg .=jkaúÿ,shla fyda

rEmjdyskshla fkd ;snqK;a tn÷ ckudOHj,ska bgq flfrk ldßh

bgq lsÍu i|yd fjk;a ud¾. mej;sK' fï ud¾. wo ye¢kafjkafka

“mdrïmßl ikaksfõok l%u” hk kñks' fï l%u wvq jeä jYfhka

wo jqj;a .ïj, mj;S' fï mßÉfþoh isxy, .fï mj;sk mdrïmßl

ikaksfõok l%u ms<sn|j h'

w`v fnrh mdrïmßl ikaksfõok udOHhls' w`v fnrh .eiSu ms‚i

fnfyda úg fhdod .kafka ojq,ls' fï ojqf,a y`v wefik úg" thska


lshfjkafka uy rÊcqrejkaf.a wKla fyda wd{djla nj mer‚ .eñfhda

oek .;ay' fï fnr y`äka m%ldY jQfha rÊcqrejkaf.a “wKla” ksid

fuh uq,ska ye¢kafjkag we;af;a “wK fnf¾” hkqfjks' th miq l,l §

“w`v fnf¾” njg m;a jkakg we;' wo;a iuyr .ï m<d;aj, f;dr;=re

oekaùu Wfoid w`v fnrh fhdod .efka' úfYaIfhka u .ï iNdfõ

/iaùula mj;ajk Èkh fyda jefõ j;=r uqod yßk Èkh fyda .eñhkag

oekaùu ms‚i fuh Ndú; fõ'

hula ´kEjg jvd m%pdrh lrk úg “´lg Th ;rx w`vfnr .ykag

´kEhe”hs isxy,fhda lsh;s'

ikaksfõokh i|yd mdrïmßlj Ndú; jkafka y`vj,a muKla

fkd fõ' weig fmfkk foaj¨;a ta i|yd fhdod .eksK' frÈ" fldä

wdÈh fukau —ÿï f.dn˜ wdÈh;a ta i|yd fhdod .eksK'

m‚úv heùu i|yd “ÿï f.dn” fhdod .ekSu r;= bkaÈhdkq

f.da;%slhka w;r fnfyúka ckm%sh ikaksfõok udOHhls' iuyr úg

fï ÿï f.dnhlska lshfjk m‚úvh thska u;= jk ÿï j<¨ .Kk

wkqj fjkia jk nj;a lshkq ,efí'

isxy,hka o ÿï f.dn u.ska m‚úv hjd we;s nj fmfka' rgg i;=rka

wd wjia:dj," ta mqj; rc jdi,g jyd u oekqï fok ,oafoa ÿï f.dn

wyig heùfukehs me/kafkda lsh;s' fï i|yd l÷uqÿkaj, uqr fmd<j,a

msysgqjd ;sìK' tla uqr fmd<lska ÿï f.dnhla wyig hejQ úg th olsk

wksla uqrfmdf<a wh tn÷ u ÿï f.dnhla wyig hj;s' ta ÿï f.dnh

olsk B<`. uqr fmdf<a wh;a tn÷ u ÿï f.dnhla wyig hj;s' fï

wdldrfhka È.ska È.g u ÿï f.dn we;s lrk úg" rc jdif,a isák

uqrldrfhda o fï ÿï f.dn oel" ta m‚úvh uy rÊcqrejkag ie, lr;s'

rgg i;=rka f.dv nei we;s neúka ;u yuqod fufyhùug l,a meñK

we;s nj thska rÊcqrefjda f;areï .ks;s'

wo ÿï f.dn hjd m‚úv heùfï isß;la ke;;a" wdÈfhys tjekakla

mej;s njg isxy, ckY%e;sfhka ksoiqka fidhd .; yels h' .sks f.dvlska

ÿula kef`.k úg isxy, orefjda fufia lshñka lE .i;s'

“ÿx ÿughs wÕ=re ughs

fï hk ÿx fldaÜfgghs”


fuhska u;lhg kef.kafka fldaÜfÜ rc jdi, msysá wjêfhys jQ

isÿùuls'

woyia m%ldY lsÍu i|yd ldyg jqj;a f,fyisfhka u fhdod .; yels

udOHhla kï lgy`v hs' “ldg o neß yQ lshkag@” yQ lSfuka woyia m<

lsÍu .ug wuq;= fohla fkd fõ'

wE; fj,ahdh biau;af;a lsisjl= hk úg Tyqf.a wjOdkh fhduq lr

.ekSug we;s fyd| u ud¾.h uy;a y`äka yQjla lSu hs' ta yQ y`v weiqKq

úg Bg ms<s;=re o yQ y`äka u kef`.a' ke;s jqKq yrld ndk fidhd le<E

jefok .eñhkag ;u ;uka w;r woyia yqjudre lr .ekSug we;s

fyd| u ud¾.h;a yQ lSu hs' ke;s jqKq yrld yuq jqKq nj lSug fia u

;ud bkakd biõj fiiaikag ye`.ùug;a fï yQ y`v Wmldr fõ' iuyr

le<Eno m<d;aj," fyaka fldgk ld,hg fï yQ y`vj,a ks;r u kef`.a'

fyakg .sks ;nkakg l,ska" ta nj wksla fyaka f.dúhkag okajd isàu

jeo.;a h' fï oekaùu flfrkafka yQjl ud¾.fhks' uydpd¾h ;siai

ldßhjiï uy;d ;ukaf.a .u .ek lS fohla uf.a u;lhg kef.a'

“.sx .`. whsfka msysá wfma .fï fndfyda fokd lrkafka .fvd,a lemSfï

jD;a;shhs' oj,a n;g f.or ú;a u|la fj,d weia mshd f.k isák .eñhkag

wyfia l¿jla fyda jeys j,djla u;= ùu fmfkkafka ke;' mÜg,a msysgd

we;s ;ekg <`. u f.hl isák flfkl=g yÈisfha u ke`. tk jeys

j,djla fmfkhs' fï jk úg fõ<Su i|yd ish¨ u .fvd,a l÷ jid we;s

fmd,a w;= bj;a lr we;' fj,g nisk .eñhd yQjla lshhs' weòka u;g ù

isákd .eñfhda tys woyi f;areï f.k mÜg,hg ÿj f.dia .fvd,a l÷

jid ou;s'”

;siai ldßhjiï" ck ikaksfõok m%fõYh

ldßhjiï uy;d b;d meyeÈ,sj fmkajd fok wdldrhg fuhska fy<s

jkafka yQ y`vla ud¾.fhka isxy, .eñhka ikaksfõokfhys fhÿKq

wkaou hs'

yQ lSfuka woyia m< lsÍfï ldßh isxy,hkag wo Bfha mqreÿ jqKq

ldßhl=;a fkd fõ' wE; w;S;fhys" rc oji mjd fï iïm%odh ;snqKq

nj fmfka' rÊcqrejkaf.a ldßhla i|yd fyj;a “rdcldßhla” i|yd

.eñhkaf.a fiajdj wjYH jQ úg .eñhka le|jd .;af;a l÷ uqÿkl isg

.ug wefik fia k`.k yQjlsks' fï yQ y`v .eñfhda y÷kd .ks;s'


ÿgq.euqKq rÊcqrejka l;r.u foajd,hg .ï ìï ÿkafka;a yQ yf`â

wdOdrfhkehs .eñfhda lsh;s' W!j m<df;a iuyreka lshk yeáhg ta

m<d;g “W!j” hk ku ,enqfK;a fï “yQj” fya;= fldg f.k hs' fï

yQj lshkafka l÷ uqÿkl isgh' ta yQ y`v hï ;dla ÿrlg wefia o ta

;dla ÿr msysá bvlvï ish,a, l;r.ug mejerE nj ckm%jdofhys ths'

isxy, .eñhd ÿr m%udKh jqj;a uekafka yQj Wmfhda.s fldg f.k h'

“yQjl ÿr” hk jyr wo mjd .eñfhda Ndú; lr;s'

fuys § fufkys l< hq;= ;j;a lreKls' tkï" tla tla ldßh i|yd

fjkia fjkia yQ y`vj,a mej;s njh' wE; hkafkl=g l;d lrkakg

jqjukd jQ úg k`.k yQj;a" .fï iQÿ fmd<g fmd,sisfhka mekak úg

k`.k yQj;a" tl yd iudk fkd jk nj .eñfhda oks;s' tfia fkd ú‚

kï th ikaksfõokh i|yd fhdod .; fkdfya'

.fï ;j;a jeo.;a ikaksfõok ldßhla mkaif,a >Kagdrhg mejf¾'

idudkH ojil Wfoa jrejg Wfoa tfld<yg muK wefik >Kagdr y`v

.ug f.k hk m‚úvh l=ula o@ mkaif,a yduqÿrejka nqÿ f.g jev"

nqÿka jykafiag wdydr mQcd fldg wjika jQ njhs' fï i|yd >Kagdrh

;=ka jrla kdo flf¾'

hïlsis fj,djl >Kagdrh blaukska kdo flf¾ kï thska lshfjkafka

fjk;a wdldrhl m‚úvhls' tkï" .fï mkaif,a lsisjl=g yÈiaishla

fyda wk;=rla isÿ ù we;s fyhska .eñhka le|ùu tys wruqK hs'

mkai,g jqjo we;eï ojil i,dl odkh jr§' tjka ojilg yduqÿrejka

lrkafka ;j;a wdldrhlg >Kagdr .id" ta m‚úvh .ug oekqï §uhs'

ta y`v f;areï .kak .eñfhda" ,ys ,ysfha tl;= ù" ;u ;ukag yels

whqßka n;a jExck mkai,g f.k t;s'

yekaoEfõ .s,kami mQcdjg mkai,g tla /iaj Wmdil Wmdisldfjda

“ioao mQcdjg” o >Kagdr kdo lr;s' ta y`v fndfyda fõ,djla tl È.g

jefhkakls'

isßmd mqokag hk ne;su;dg;a >Kagdrh ke;=j neß h' ;ud lS jrla

isßmd lreKd fldg weoao hk j. f,djg y`v .d lshkafka Wvu¿fõ

we;s >Kagdrh kdo lrk jdr .Kksks' lsisjl= ta >Kagdrh y;a jrla


kdo l< fyd;a thska lshfjkafka Tyq y;a jrla isßmd j¢kak weú;a

we;s mqj; hs'

'''isxy, .fï mj;sk mdrïmßl ck ikaksfõok ud¾. iuyrla fuys

ie,ls,a,g yiq úK' ld,hdf.a wejEfuka ish,a, fjkia jk fyhska

fï ikaksfõok l%u o oeka oeka fjkia fjñka mj;S' tod yekaoEfõ

.fï fj,a hdfha ksixi,h ì| f.k wd ngk<d y`v fjkqjg oeka oeka

wikakg ,efnkafka g%dkaisiagrhlska ksl=;a jk yskaÈ Ñ;%mg .S;hla

úh yels h'


Y,Hl¾uhlg ie;alulg

ÿ.a.kakd ks,fï rcjdi, lghq;= Ndr ks,Odßfhls'

mÜg,a ueis ^.fvd¿ lemSug Ndú; lrk&

wjfndaOh

1' ck udOH f,i j¾;udkfha ye¢kafjk udOH folla kï lrkak'

2' w`v fnrfhka isÿ flreKq ld¾hh l=ula o@

3' w`v fnr .eiSu i|yd Ndú; l< jdµ NdKavh l=ula o@

4' mer‚ isxy, iudcfha m‚jqv heùug Ndú; l< l%u folla

mdvfuka Wmqgd olajkak'

5' >Kagd kdoh ikaksfõokh i|yd Ndú; flrefKa fln÷ wjia:d

i|yd o@

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' mdvfuys we;=<;a" me/kakka úiska Ndú; l< ikaksfõok l%u

y;rla ms<sn|j flá igyka ,shkak'


úfYaIK mo

kdu mohla fyda l%shd mohla úia;r lsÍug tfia ke;s kï j¾Kkd

lsÍug fhdok mo úfYaIK mo kï fõ' tfia úfYaIKh lrkq ,nk

moh úfYaIHh kï fõ'

Wod( iqj| u,

fuys “iqj|” hkak úfYaIK moh hs' thska úia;r jk “u,” hkak

úfYaIH mohhs'

úfYaIK mo j¾. folls'

2' l%shd úfYaIKkdu úfYaIK

kdu mohla úia;r lrk" j¾Kkd lrk mohla kdu úfYaIKhla

fjhs'

Wod( hym;a <uhs mõ fkd lr;s' WKq j;=r ksjd mdkh lrkak'

ueá NdKav ìfòk iq¨ h' l=re¨ kdoh lka mskjhs'

ls%hd úfYaIK

l%shd mohla isÿ jk wdldrh" isÿ jk ld,h" isÿ jk ia:dkh" isÿ ùug

fya;=j m%ldY lrk mo l%shd úfYaIK kï fjhs'

Wod( <uhs i;=áka lE.i;s' ld,h fiñka f.ù hhs'

.x.dj fõ.fhka .,d nishs' uqfjda ìfhka ;e;s .ks;s'


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk fþofha we;=<;a kdu úfYaIK mo 10la fidhd ,shkak'

f,dl= udud .ug tkafka l,d;=rlsks' Tyq tk úg wmg jákd ;E.s

f.k taug o wu;l fkd lrhs' isyska isrerla we;s Tyqg we;af;a

m%ikak fmkquls' Tyq ks;r wekafoa iqÿ lñihla iy l¿ l,siuls'

Tyq úYd, k.rhl mqxÑ fj<òdula lrkafkls' mdi,a <uhska i|yd

wjYH ,sms øjH yd WmlrK úlsŒu Tyqf.a fj<òdu hs' thska Tyqg

,enqfKa iq¿ ,dNhls'

2' my; oelafjk fþofhys ysia ;eka msrùug iqÿiq jpk jryk ;=<ska

f;dard fþoh iïmQ¾K fldg ,shkak'

wyi ''''''''''''''''''''''''' jeysl¿ me;sfrhs' ''''''''''''''''''''''''' úÿ,s fldghs'

''''''''''''''''''''''''' fyk mqmqrhs' ''''''''''''''''''''''''' iq<x yuhs' .ia w;=

''''''''''''''''''''''''' weUfrhs' l=re,af,da ''''''''''''''''''''''''' leo,s lrd h;s'

wïud ''''''''''''''''''''''''' ù meÿr f.g .kshs' ''''''''''''''''''''''''' jeys ì÷

m;s; fjhs' l%ufhka ''''''''''''''''''''''''' jeis weo yef,hs' mshis w.ska

fífrk jeys j;=r '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' .,d hhs'

^,ys,ysfha" fiñka fiñka" ta fï w;g" jid f.k" ;Èka" fõ.fhka"

uy y`äka" fkdlvjd" yksl" iq<s k.ñka&

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' mdvfï we;=<;a f;dr;=re yd Tn fidhd .;a f;dr;=re we;=<;a

lrñka “mdrïmßl ikaksfõok l%u” hk ud;Dldj hgf;a

i`.rdjl m< lsÍug iqÿiq ,smshla ,shkak'


“uyd jxifha i|yka jk mßÈ m,a,re hkq m,afydre h' uyd mrdl%u

ilia lv fkd lS lg20“ilia lv fkdlS lg

Wf.a lg yqUia lg”hkqfjka mqrd;kfhda lSfjda h' fiiq fmd;a .ek tfia fkd lshejq‚'

wl=re WÉpdrKh lrùfï wáfhka u ilia lv ,sheù we;s fihls'

wl=re lrkakg u ,shejqKq mer‚ fmd;a oy wgla úh' fydaäh" kïfmd;"

u`.=,a ,l=K" .K foú yE,a," joka lú fmd;" nqoaO .Êch" ilia lv"

kdudIag Y;lh" kjr;akh" jHdildrh" ysf;damfoaYh" m%;Hh Y;lh"

wkqreoaO Y;lh" fn!oaO Y;lh" iQ¾h Y;lh" jD;a; ud,dj" jD;a;

ud,dLHdj" wurisxyh hkq ta fmd;a fm< hs'

ilia lv kï fmdf;ka Wmqgd .;a mdGhla Tn yh fY%a‚fha § lshjkakg

we;' “ilia lv lS lg” Yío WÉpdrKfha olaIhl= ìys lrhs' Yío k.d

lshùu u.ska WÉpdrK fodaI u. yrjd .; yels fjhs'

tÈfkod lghq;= id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd wmg fkdfhla m%ldYk lshùug

isÿ fõ' lshùfuka woyia ,nd .; yels jk w;r oekqu j¾Okh fõ'

lshjk foa Y%djlhdg wjOdrKh jekafka YífodaÉpdrKfha iajNdjh

u; h' mqj;am;la lshjk wdldrhg msß;a .d:djla fyda Yaf,dalhla fyda

iÊCOdhkd l< fkd yels h'


'''mqrdúoHd mYapd;a Wmdê wdh;kh u.ska o iS.sßh m%foaYfha isÿ l<

.fõIKj, § ÈhqKq f,day l¾udka;hla mej;s njg idOl fidhd f.k

;sîu o jeo.;a fõ' iS.sß ksïkfha w,fld< jej m%foaYfhka fidhd

f.k we;s W÷ka yd ta wdYs%;j ,eî we;s hfndr u.ska o b;d mqrdK

hq.fha § tu m%foaYfha ÈhqKq f,day l¾udka;hla mej;s njg idOl

imh hs' tfia u 80 yd 90 oYlj, iuk, jej m%foaYfha leŒï isÿ

lr f,day ksmojQ W÷ka rdYshla fidhd f.k ;sfnk w;r" fïjd o

b;d mer‚ hq.j,g wh;a fia ie,fla' tfia u wïn,kaf;dg m%foaYfha

ßÈh.u wdY%fhka 1996 jif¾ mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j yd m%xY

mqrdúoHd{hka isÿ l< leŒïj, § oekg jeõ c,fhka hg ù we;s

N+ñfha óg¾ 1lg jvd úYd, úIalïNhlska hq;a W`ÿka fidhd f.k we;s

w;r" fuys mej;=K f,day l¾udka;h ls%' mQ' hq.h olajd wE;g Èj hk

nj mqrdúµd{fhda úYajdi lr;s'

Èjhsk - 2001 ckjdß 17" 23 msg

mqj;am;a jd¾;djla b;d ir, NdIdjla fhdod f.k ,shefjhs' WÉpdrKh

o wjfndaO lr .ekSu o myiq h' tfy;a ixialD; mo nyq, isxy,

jHjydrh Bg fjkia h' WÉpdrKh ;rula wmyiq h' lshjkjd;a iu.

tys lreKq o wjfndaO lr .; hq;= fjhs' wms tjeks mdGhla lshjd n,uq'

tlsfklg fjkia mdG lshjd lg yqre lr .ksuq'

“kS, j¾K wdia;rKfhl ÈjH RIshl= fuka fmfkkqfha fï ljfrla

o@ wdYap¾hfhls' Tyqf.a uqyq‚ka ß§ ri Odrdfjla tlajka .,hs' tfy;a

Tyqf.a OQu j¾K jQ fmdfrdakh u|l=ÿ f;uqKq nfjla fkd fmfka' n,j"

n,j" j¾K iïm;a;sfhka Èkkqfha Tyqf.a wdia;rKh o fkdfyd;a

mßY=oaO jQ wdldYh oehs úksYaph lrkq ms‚i fuka fya §ma;su;a jQ fka;%

hq.auh jßka jr by<g fhduq flfrhs' Tyqf.a uqfjys m<, kdid fo

mfiys jQ /<s fm<æ ljr m%S;sfhla o@

f;, wdia;rKfhla fkd fõ' wNskj ;DK N+ñfhls' ta ÈjH RIsfhla

fkd fõ' jDoaaO jQ ud¾.slfhls' wr ß§ ri Odrdfjla fkd fõ' uqyqK mqrd

f.k" <h jid f.k" jhi olajd f.k" .,kakd jQ rjq< h' weia hqj<

jßka jr wyi foig yrjkqfha meyeh ukkakg fkd fõ' foúhkg

Nla;sh olajkq i|yd h' m%S;sh uy;a nj ienehs' Tyq hkqfha foúhka fu

f,djg my< jQ ;ek § u j¢kakg h; mqokakg h; ;ud o fiiaika o

ÿlska uqok f,i hÈkakg h' fya fuys u|la .uka úvdj ÿre flfrhs'

fï lshejqKq ud¾.slhd ;udf.a YsÓ, jQ m%djrKdNHka;rfhka iqj| f;,a

l+mshla o rka ñ,la o wk¾> jQ rla; ud‚lHhla o weo .;; m%%S;sfhka

msreKd jQ fka;% hq.aufhka ta oE ne,Sh; fmr< fmr<d ne,S h;”


fï l=udr;=x. uqksodi uy;df.a “YslaId ud¾.h” kï lD;sfhka Wmqgd

.;a fldgils'

tu mdGfhys WÉpdrKh lsÍug wmyiq njla oefkk jpk nyq, h' lSm

jrla y`v k.d WÉpdrKh lsÍfuka tu wmyiq;d u. yeÍ hkq we;' wms

;j;a WÉpdrK wNHdihla lruq' my; i|yka jkafka Yaf,dal lSmhls'

1' kuialD;H jkaodñ ;ajdx

hÈ mqKHx uhd lD;ï

wkHiHdums cd;Hdx fï

;ajfïj ckkS Nj

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md;%;ajdoaOk udmafkd;s

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meñfKhs' ms<s.kq ,eîfuka Okhg m;a fjhs' Okfhka O¾uhg;a"

O¾ufhka iem;g;a m;a fjhs'

fï Yaf,dal mdG lshjd tAjdfha woyi o ys;g .kak'


wdia;rKh we;sß,a,

RIs RIsjrhd$;dmihd

wdYap¾hh mqÿuh$úu;sh

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m%djrKdNHka;rfhka fmdfrdaKh ;=<ska

wk¾> b;d jákd

rla; ud‚lHh r;= ue‚l

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m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' msß;a .d:d y`v k.d iÊ®dhkh lrkak'

2' jeäysáhkaf.ka wid oek .;a Yaf,dalhla mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'

my; i|yka jpk y`v k.d WÉpdrKh lrkak'

iuka; Nø YS¾I m%Kduh

oDIaá úfYaI{ iuqø Ldokh

nkaOqcfkda ÿÜG.dñŒ

rElaI m%;sm;a;s mß;%dK foaYkh

ffj¥¾h ud‚lHh iaj¾KdNrK

mqKH l¾uh uydNsksIal%uKh

ixialD; mdGh pkaø uKav,h

u‚fïL,dj wlaIr úkHdih

jDlaI jkaokdj ia:dfkdaÑ; m%{dj

l¾;D jdlHh fcHda;sYaYdia;%h

úrdu ,l=Kq

úrduh hkq kej;Su hs' th f,aLkfhys fuka u l:kfhys o fhfoa'

l:kfha § fyj;a l;dfõ § fhfok úrduh i|yd" f,aLkfha § fyj;a

,sùfï § úrdu ,laIK Ndú; flf¾' ksis f,i yd ksjerÈj úrdu

,laIK fh§fuka woyia meyeÈ,sj yd m%dKj;aj bÈßm;a l< yels h'

l:kfha § l;d ú,difhka" wx. p,kfhka yd y`v Wia my;a lsÍfuka

wikakdg myiqfjka woyi jgyd Èh yels h' tfy;a f,aLkhl woyi

.%yKh lr .ekSu myiq lrkafka úfYaI ,l=Kq fh§fuks' fï i,l=Kq

y÷kajkafka ‘úrdu ,l=Kq’ hk kñks'

f,aLkfha § wm Ndú; lrk ‘flá br’" ‘we, br’ yd ‘fo;s;’ hk

úrdu ,laIK y÷kd .ksuq'


flá br ^-&

my; i|yka WodyrK foi n,kak'

fuys § mo folla tlg fhfok úg ta mo fol w;r we;s wfkHdakH

iïnkaOh oelaùu i|yd ‘flá br’ fhfoa' tu.ska mo iïnkaO lsÍfï

ld¾hh isÿ fjhs'

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ffcj-ridhksl úm¾hdih

iajr-jH[ack jYfhka

iSud foll wka;rh oelaùfï § flá br fhfoa'

Wod( fm'j' 9'00-11'00 olajd

l%s'j' 1505-1948 olajd

msgq wxl 12-17 olajd

,sùfï § fma<shl fl<jfrys we;s moh i|yd bv m%udKj;a fkd jQ

wjia:dj, wjidk mofha b;sß fldgi B<`. fma<sfhys fhfok nj

oelaùug flá br fhfoa'

fufia fjka lr ,súh yels jkafka wl=re y;rla fyda Bg jeä wl=re

ixLHdjla we;s mo mu‚' y,a wl=rla fojeks fma<shg tk fia mo fjka

lsÍu kqiqÿiq h'

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ud ;srejkaÈrï k.rhg .sh wjia:dfõ uu lu,d odia uy;añh uqK

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YsIHhd mdvu lshjhs$lshj;s'

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ksoiqka ms‚i fyda úia;r lrkq ms‚i fyda lreKq lSmhla bÈßm;a

lsÍfï § ‘fo;s;’ fhfoa'

Wod( ;%smsgl O¾uh: iQ;%" úkh" wNsO¾u

iajr: ,>q" .=re

kHIaál mjq,: wïud" ;d;a;d" orefjda


ie'hq': meñfKk úg fm<fmd;a o /f.k tkak'

c,c me<Eá hkqfjka ye¢kafjkafka c,fha jefvk me<Eá j¾. hs'

ksoiqka: l=uqÿ" Èh ynr," Èh fnr,sh

.‚; m%ldYkhl wkqmd;hla ,shd oelaùfï § “fo;s;” fhfoa'

w;a Wojqlrejd iy fmof¾rejd w;r uqo, fnÿfKa 2:3 wkqmd;hg h'

ixjdohla ,shd oelaùfï § o “fo;s;” fhfoa'

iqmamd foaú: fm%aujka; orefjks ud ys¢kq lka fhdud''

isxyndyq: lsï o uE‚hks Tn fï mjik jokd'''

m%ldY l< fyda i|yka l< fyda lreKq oelaùfï § o ‘fo;s;’ fhfoa'

ta nuqKd jy - jyd u Èj f.k f.dia fiakdj ueog mek fufia lshd

,S h: “wehs@ l=ula lshuq o@ uu f.dúhd mq;= fkd jekafoñ'”

flá br" we, br yd fo;s; hk úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈj Ndú; lrkakg

bf.k .ksuq'


,sÅ; wNHdi

iqÿiq úrdu ,laIK fhdoñka kej; ,shkak'

1' Oïñl pñkao kue;s YsIHhd YsIHdj mdi,a lÓl ;r.fhka m%:u

fojk f;jk ia:dkh Èkd .;af;a h

2' ,x . u ,xld .ukd .uk uKav,h

3' l¿ydñ fudlo fï flda wiamhd ñksyd yïn jqfKa keoao

l¿ wmamq yïn jqKd lklr nvq WfUka ykao uu;a fudkj yß

fokak tmdhe

4' yd yd yß ydjd lef,a ueÈka wdjd

ysgef.k .Õ .djd jg msg weye ,Ejd

5' j÷frda .iska .ig mek w;= b;s o¨ lkakg mgka .;ay

6' Èkqï merÿï fol u ueoy;a is;ska bjikak

7' .=;a;s,fha 277 310 lú mdvï lrkak

8' ,o mia u,a iqÿ wn iuka lel=¿ iqkaiy,a ú<| B;K

;K ìiai b;d nyq,j ;K jevqKq ìu

ksi¾.fhka u Wm;ska u

wdiajdoh ri ú| .ekSu

9' mskalsßhj;a lshjk ,shkafkda fufia lSy foajhka jykai wo

olajd kqU jykafia tlla wvq úydr ishhla lrjQy

10' ta uqo, Tjqka fofokd w;r 2 3 wkqmd;hg fnod fok ,È

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' Tn okakd tla tla úrdu ,laIKh ne.ska f.k fm<fmd; weiqfrka

tajdg WodyrK fidhkak'

2' mqj;am;a lshjd úrdu ,laIK fhÿKq mdG fidhd fmd;l w,jkak'

3' ta ta ;Srefjys úrdu ,laIKh" úrdu ,laIKfha ku yd WodyrKh

we;=<;a lr igyka mqjrejla ilid mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh

lrkak'

4' úrdu ,l=Kq .ek ie,ls,su;a fjñka ixjdo lshjkak'


mqia;ld,h jQ l,s fmd;a-m;a iÕrd we;=¿ f;dr;=re uQ,dY%h ;ekam;a

lr we;s iA:dkh ^mqia;l¬wd,h³}mqia;ld,h& hs' b;d È.= b;sydihlg

Wreulï lshk fuu mqia;ld, w;S;fha y÷kajd we;af;a fmd;a.=,

f,i h' wo jk úg fmd;am;a muKla fkd j úoHq;a iÕrd" mß.Kl lD;s

wdÈ úúO jQ kùk udÈ,sfha f;dr;=re uQ,dY%h ;ekam;a lr we;s ;ekla

njg mqia;ld,h m;aj ;sfí' tfyhska lshùug muKla fkd j weiSug yd

keröug mjd wo kùk mqia;ld, ;=< § yelshdj mj;S' úúO m%udKfha

fuka u" úúO wruqKq iys; mqia;ld, o oelsh yels h' uyck mqia;ld,"

mdi,a mqia;ld," wdh;ksl mqia;ld, yd fm!oa.,sl mqia;ld, jYfhka

úúO j¾.fha mqia;ld, wo wmg oel .; yels w;r cd;sl mqia;ld,

^National Library& mj;skafka tla rglg tlla mu‚' Y%S ,xldfõ cd;sl

mqia;ld,h fld<U 7 ksoyia udjf;ys msysgd we;'

mqia;ld,hl fmd;a tla tla úIhh wkqj j¾. lr ;eîfï l%uhla ;sfí'

th äú oYu j¾.SlrKh f,i ye¢kafõ' fï mdvu mqia;ld, mßyrKh

ms<sn|j idlÉPd flfrkakls'

³ fuys ‘wd,h’ hk jpkh .Dyh" ksji hk w¾: ,ndfohs'

mqia;ld,hg msh k.uq 21


úúO úIhhka hgf;a j¾. lrk ,o fndfydA oekqï iïNdrhka

mqia;ld,fhys .nvd lr ;sfí' ud¾áka úl%uisxy uy;d mjik mßÈ

we;eï úg ukqIHfhla jir ishhla Ôj;a jqj o ,nd .; fkd yels

oekqï iïNdrhla iy w;aoelSï f.dkakla tla fmd;la lshùfuka ,o

yels fjhs' f,dAlh ch .;af;da fndfyduhla lshùfuka Èúh ire lr

.;af;dA fj;s' fY%AIAG isxy, .;al;=jreka fndfydauhla u Bg WodyrK

f,i yqjd oelaúh yels h' mdi,a mqia;ld,h bf.kqug f;dA;ekakla

fjhs' l=vd l, lshùu yqre jQ úg th l%ufhka mqreoaolaj Tn iu. u

jefvhs'

y;ajeks fY%A‚h Ndr .=re;=ñh mka;shg meñK y;ajeks yd wgjeks ld,

mßÉfþo fol mqia;ld,h i|yd fjka l< nj;a tys f.dia lshùug

iQodkï jk f,i;a isiqkag oekajQjd h' Tjqkaf.A reÑ wreÑlï wkqj

lshùug wjia:dj i,id §u .=re;=ñhf.a wruqK úh' mka;sfha isiqkaf.ka

weh tA .ek úuiqjd h' mka;s kdhl iqër mejiqfõ tla tla l;=jrhd

,shQ fmd; ne.ska f;dard f.k lshùu fyd| nj h' isiqyq l;=jreka lsysm

fofkl=f.a kï y~ k.d lSfjda h' “wms ud¾áka úl%uisxy" l=udr;=x.

uqksodi" tia' uyskao ysñ" à' î' b,x.r;ak" Ô' î' fiakdkdhl hk

l;=jrekaf.a fmd;a f;dard .ksuq” <uhs ish,af,da u m%ldY lf<da h'

mqia;ld,hg f.dia wiqka .;a isiqyq ufvd,a¥j" wfma.u" ySkaierh"

y;amK" uÕ=,alEu" ksoyfia uka;%h" wU hy¿fjdA iy r;a y÷ka rEmh

hk fmd;a f;dArd .;ay' lshùu mgka .ekSug fmr .=re;=ñh isiqka

weu;=jd h' lshùu w;HjYH nj;a lshùfuka m%fhdack rdYshla ,nd

.; yels nj;a weh fmkajd ÿkakd h' lshjd f.k hk w;r;=r is;a .;a"

jeo.;a isoaê" m%Odk pß; fydA l;=jrhd wdÈ lreKq igyka lr .ekSu

o b;d jeo.;A nj;a .=re;=ñh lSjd h' YsIHhkag ;ud leu;s fmd;a wod<

rdlal fj; f.dia f;dard .ekSug .=re;=ñh yd mqia;ld,hdêm;s;=ñh

iydh jQy' tla tla j¾. hgf;a mqia;ld,fha fmd;a wiqrd ;nd we;s

wdldrh tys § YsIHhkaf.a wjOdkhg fhduq úh'

tla tla mqoa.,hdf.a oekqï uÜgï yd lshùfï reÑh úúO jk w;r

lshjd ,nd .kakd úkaokh o úúO uÜgïj, mj;S' isiqyq tlsfkldf.a


reÑh wkqj fmd;a f;dard f.k lshjkakg mgka .;ay' jeo.;a lreKq

ish igyka fmd;aj, ,shd .ekSug o Tjqyq wu;l fkd l<y' fmd;a

lshùfuka miq tajd Bg wod< kshñ; ia:dkfha ;eîug o .=re;=ñhf.ka

Wmfoia ,eì‚' mqia;ld,hdêm;sksh ta i|yd Tjqkag iydh jQjd h'

kjl;d" flál;d" mska;+r l;d" lú fmd;a fuka u úúO úIhhkag

wod< w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;a tla tla rdlalj, fjk fjk u ms<sfj<g

wiqrd ;sîu isiqkaf.a wjOdkhg kej;;a fhduq úh' mdi,a ld, mßÉfþo

folla fmd;a m;a mßYS,kh l< isiqka" ta ld,h w¾:j;aj Ndú; lsÍu

.ek mka;s Ndr .=re;=ñh i;=gg m;a jQjd h' mqia;ld,h ;=< .; l<

ld,fhka ;uka ,nd .;a m%fhdack isxy, wNHdi fmdf;a ,shk f,i

weh isiqkag oekajQjd h'

isiqka wNHdi fmd;aj, “mqia;ld,fhka ,nd .;a m%fhdack fudkjd o@” hk m%Yakhg ms<s;=re ,shd ;sì‚' .=re;=ñh isxy, ld, mßÉfþofha §

tlsfkldf.ka lreKq f.k idlÉPdj fufyhjQjd h' “iqër ,nd .;a

m%fhdackhla lshkak” .=re;=ñh lSjd h' “uu ufvd,a ¥j kjl;dj

lshjd úkaokhla ,enqjd'” Tyq lSfõh' ‘fmd;la ksjerÈj mßyrKh

lsÍug yqrej ,enqjd’h hs nqoaêl lSfõ h' “w¨;a oekqu ,nd .ekSug;a"

oekqu .fõIKh lsÍug;a" úuid n,d ;SrKh lsÍug;a wjfndaOhla

,enqjd” iqër lSfõ h' .=re;=ñh isiqkaf.a ms<s;=re we.hSug ,la l<d h'

“wms úfõlh m%fhdackj;aj .; lsÍug mqreÿ jqKd” isiqyq tl y`äka lSy'

isiqka mqia;ld,h fj; f.k f.dia fmd;a mßYS,khg fhduq lsÍfuka

wfmalaIs; wruqK bgq ùh hs .=re;=ñh i;=gq jQjd h'

B<Õ i;sfha mqia;ld,hg fjka jQ ld, mßÉfþoh .=re;=ñh fjka lr

.;af;a mqia;ld,h mßyrKh lsÍfuka oekqu ,nd fmd;a m;a ,shQ W.;=ka

.ek úia;r lshd §ug h'

“<uhs wms wo l;d lrkafka fld<U uyck mqia;ld,fhA we;s fmd;a

ish,a, u lshjd oekqu ,nd .;a W.;l= jk Ô' î' fiakdkdhl uy;d

.ek hs' ;u mshdf.a wNdjfhka miqj mdi,a .uk w;r u. k;r jQ

miq Tyqf.a mdi, njg m;a jQfha fld<U uyck mqia;ld,h hs' Tyq

ish fm!oa.,sl w;aoelSï úksúÈñ w÷r kue;s lD;sfha úia;r lrkjd'

;udf.a weia fol u wkaOj isáh §;a úúO ud;Dld .ek ,nd we;s

oekqu Tiafia .,d wd is;sú,s ish fidfydhqßh iy wef.a ÿj ,jd


,shjd Tyq .%ka: 16la u t<soelajQjd' flál;d fmd;a y;rla ldjH

.%ka: ;=kla pß;dmodk ;=kla t;=ud rpkd l<d' ‘uf.a úYajúoHd,h

uyck mqia;ld,h hehs’ m%ldY l< t;=ud tys ;snQ fmd;a úis mkaoyila

muK uq,a ld,fha § u lsfhõjd' Ôú;fha wjidk ld,fha § fofk;a

wkaO jqj;a ,sùu w;ayeßfha kE' t;=ud ;=< ;snQ wm%;sy; ffO¾hh;a

mqia;ld,h mßyrKh lsÍfuka ,enQ oekqu;a .%ka: ks¾udKh lsÍfï

fl!Y,Hh;a ksid u" Tyq iod wkqiaurŒh f,aLlfhla' óg wu;rj

ud¾ákA úl%uisxy" iy l=udr;=x. uqksodi ms<sn|j;a Tnf.A wjOdkh

fhduq l< hq;= hs” lshñka .=re;=ñh isiqka iu. l< idlÉPdj wjika

l<d h'

“mqia;ld,hg msh k.uq”Z hk fuu mdvu lshùfuka “lshùu ñksid

iïmQ¾K lrhs” hk lshuk i;Hhla nj Tng jegfykq we;' mdif,a

§ w¾:j;aj" M,odhs f,i ld,h .; l< yels fyd| u ;ek mdi,a

mqia;ld,h nj Tn is; ;=< OdrKh lr .kak'

wjfndaOh

1' mqia;ld,h mßyrKh lsÍfï § ie,lsh hq;= lreKq ;=kla ,shkak'

2' mqia;ld,h mßyrKh lsÍfuka ,efnk m%fhdack y;rla ,shkak'

3' mqqia;ld,hl fmd;a wiqrd ;nk ms<sfj< ilia jkafka l=ula mokï

lr f.k o@

4' Ô' î' fiakdkdhlf.a lD;shla mdvfuka Wmqgd olajkak'

5' Ô' î' fiakdkdhl ish úYajúµd,h f,i ye¢kajQ wdh;kh l=ula o@

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' Tn leu;s f,aLlhl=f.a fmd;a kdudj,shla ilia lrkak'

2' f,aLl kdudj,shla ilia lr Tjqka úiska ,shd we;s .%ka: olajd

fmd;a msxpla idokak'


f;dmams fjf<kaod

kdgHh hkq fõÈldjla u; lsishï msgm;lg wkqj rÕ oelafjk" wid

iy n,d ri ú¢h yels ks¾udKhls' <uhska i|yd u <uhskag .e<fmk

f;audjla mdol lr f.k <uhskag .e<fmk wdldrhg ieliqKq kdgH"

<ud kdgH f,i ye¢kafõ'

fuu mdvu ilia lr we;af;a fidau,;d iqnisxyf.a ^1936---¡2015& f;dmams

fjf<kaod kdgHfha msgm; weiqfrks' mqfrda.dó <ud kdgH rÑldjl jk

fidau,;d iqnisxy l;kaor folla ^1979&" úlD;s ^1992&" mqxÑ wmg oeka

f;afrhs ^1998&" r;au,S" j,ia mjq," ysu l=ußh ^2000& wdÈ kdgH rdYshla

ks¾udKh lr we;'

f;dmams fjf<kaod kdgHhg mokï ù we;af;a m%lg ck l;djls' tu

l;dfõ rij;a isÿùï weiqfrka kdgHuh wjia:d ks¾udKh lr we;s

wdldrh wmQre h'

tn÷ l;djla fyda isÿùula fyda weiqfrka kdgH msgm;la rpkd lsÍug

Tng o yels h' tA i|yd uÕ fmkaùula o fï mdvfuka Tng ,efnkq we;'

22


^f;dmams fjf<kaodf.a f.or" ìß| f;dmams" l+vhg wvqla lsÍug f;dmams

fjf<kaodg Wojq lrñka isáhs' ÿj iy mq;d .,a lsrñka isá;s'&

f;dmams fjf<kaod

îsxÿj& - f;dmams fjf<kafola fï ux

f;dmams yod f.k fï ux

,iaik l+fvl wvqla lrd f.k

f;dmams l+vhla ysfia ;shd f.k

.ñka .ug .uka .f;hs'

f;dmams æ f;dmams ææ f;dmams æææ

ux yodmq f;dmams

mdg mdg f;dmams

mqxÑ mq;dghs ÿjghs fokakg

i,a,s f.jd fi,a,ï nvq .kakg

biafldaf,a fmd;a mekai,a .kakg

.ñka .ug - .uka .f;hs'

f;dmams æ f;dmams ææ f;dmams æææ

ljqo .kafka f;dmams'''æææ

mdg mdg f;dmams'''ææ

yß ,dnhs f;dmams'''æ

ÿjhs" mq;hs - f;dmams fjf<kafola ;d;a;d

f;dmams yod f.k ;d;a;d

,iaik l+fvl wvqla lrd f.k

f;dmams l+vh;a ysfia ;shd f.k

msßi - wïud yod ÿka n;auq, wrf.k

.ñka .ug - .uka .f;hs'

ÿjhs" mq;hs - mqxÑ wmg fi,a,ï nvq .kakg

mdie,a fmd;a mekai,a wr.kakg

lEug îug i,a,s fidhkakg

.ñka .ug .uka .f;hs

msßi - f;dmams æ f;dmams æ f;dmams æææ

ljqo .kafk f;dmams'''æææ

yß ,dnhs f;dmams''' æ


^fjf<kaod ksjiska kslau fõÈldfõ jghla hhs'

oeka Tyq .ïueoafoka .uka .kshs'&

fjf<kaod - mqxÑ ÿjg fmdä mq;dg

wõj jeiai fkd oefkkakg

yevg jevg .uka hkag

ux yodmq f;dmams .kak

f;dmams $$$

mqxÑ <ufhla - ^ÿj tñka&

f;dmams æ fï f;dmams ææ

fï f.akak f;dmams æ

wïfï" wïfï" f;dmams æ

wrka fokak f;dmams ææ

fjf<kaod - ^l+vh ysfika ìug nd&

tkak tkak - nnd tkak

fukak fukak - fï n,kak

jeä ñ, kE - .c ,dnhs

yevhs" yevhs - f;dmams ææ

<uhd - wfka wïfï - fï n,kak

fï f;dmams - yß ,iaik

odf.k biafldaf, hkak

fï f;dmams wrka fokak'

<uhdf.a wïud - fï <ufhda kslx bkak

wmrdfoa weo, odkafk

´j WUg wrka fokak

ud <Õ ñ, uqo,a fldhs o@

fjf<kaod - wfka lula kE ydñfka

mqxÑ whf. wdidj fk

yd æ yd ææ yd æææ .kak .kak

leu;s tlla f.k n,kak

ug kE lsis lrorhla

nnd,dg - ´k yeáh"


f;dar,d - we|,d n,,d

i;=gq jkak - ñ,g .kak

i,a,s ke;;a - od, n,,d

i;=gq jkak'

wïud - ^f;dmamshla w;g f.k mÍlaId lrñka&

lSh o fï f;dmams @

.Kka o fï f;dmams @

fjf<kaod - mkï y;hs - .c ,dnhs æ

yeu tlla u - tl u ñ,hs

wïud - mkï y;la kï jeähs fjf<kaod

mkï folla j;a jà o ukaod æ

ug kï kE fïjdj, w.hla

fï <uhf. lrorh ñila'

^.eyeksh f;dmamsh wdmiq l+vhg oud <uhd;a w;ska

weo f.k hkag hhs'&

fjf<kaod - mkï folla æ

yß l;dj

fïl yod .kag;a ug

mkï myla úhoï

Tfydu ;uhs oeka ldf,a

fndfydu ysÕhs ñksiaiqkag

fldfydu jqK;a W;aidyh

lEu fõ, msßuykag

fufyu foag fldfy uqo,a o @

fïjd ldf.a jerÈ o @

^fjf<kaod f;dmams l+vh f.k fõÈldj jfÜg .uka

lrhs'&

ljqre;a kE f;dmams .kafk

wo kE lsis jdis ,enqfK

tyd f.dfâ b|,d ux

mhska .uka lr,d ug


f;fyÜgqjhs msmdihhs

ñi kE ug fjk jdis

br uqÿkg wdjd - mdr;a r;a jQjd

ug uykais jQjd - nv .skak;a wdjd

^fjf<kaod fyd| fijKe;s .ila olshs&

fjf<kaod - fyd| yeá w;= úys§ .sh

.ila wef;a

iq<Õ isis,a lrkd

Èh we<la wef;a

fu;ek wf.hs ug úvd yßkagd

.il isis,a fijKla ,en .kagd

wi,ska nei hk wr we< fj;gd

f.dia yels fjhs ug Èh kd.kagd'

wy, my, lsisjl= ke;=jd foda

.ula f;dgla fndfyd

wE;l fõfoda

f;dmams l+vh /l .; yels foda

u|la wei mshd úvd yßñ foda

^.dhkd lrk úg fjf<kaod th wNsrEmKh lrhs&

msßi - f;dmams fjf<kaod uykais - u. yßkak fj,d ydkais

ys;,d Tyq f;dmams l+fv - ysiska ìug .;a;d'

f.dia we< fj; Èhg keó

isis,a Èfhka uqyqK f;ud"

Èh isis,hs ks,amdghs

Èh kdkakg Tyqg ysf;hs

we÷ï Wkd f.däka ;nd

we<g neid cnqka .id

Èh mSkd f.k kdkd

úvd f.diska is; msreKd

f.dvg weú;a we÷ï we|ka

mqxÑ mq;hs" mqxÑ ÿjhs

Wojq lr, ìß| ye¥

n;auq, f.k ,syd n,d

i;=áka th lkafka'


fjf<kaod - isxy, ydf,a n;l=hs

fmd,a iïn,a yßu rihs

j;af; .fyka lv, Whmq

fmdf,dia weUq, yß lÈuhs

msßi - n;auq, yß ri jQfha - ri kyßka mskd .sfha

úvdj u. yeÍ .sfha - fmdâvla ksÈu; jQfha

jg msg ne¨jd - lsisjl= ke;=jd

f;dmams l+fv .i - uq,ska u ;enqjd

fjf<kaod - wy, my, lsisjl= kE fmakag

yels ug we, ù álla ksokakg

f;dmams l+fv ud <Õska ;shd f.k

tl f;dmamshlska uQK jid f.k

^.dhkd lrk w;r f;dmams fjf<kaod wNsrEmKh

lrhs&

msßi - br t<sfhka wei jid ksokakg

tl f;dmamshlska uQK jid f.k

f;dmams l+vhla <Õska ;shd f.k

wei mshd .kS .i hg je;sÍ f.k'

^fjf<kaodg kskao hhs' túg u .iaje,aj, t,a,S meoa§

tk j÷re /<la t;kg lvd jefghs'&

msßi - ^.dhkd lr;s' j÷frda kg;s' mskqï .i;s" TkaÑ,s

mÈ;s" fi,a,ï lr;s'&

;kï fokd ;ï fokd ;kï fok

;kï fokd ;fk kd f;hs $$

.iska .ig mek

,e.=ï fidhd f.dia $$

fld< o¨ m,;=re

wkqNj lrñka $$


lrkï w,a,d - TxÑ,s meo,d

fi,a,ï lrñka - Wiq¿ úiq¿fjka

oji f.jkakd - j÷re rxpqjla

t;ekg wdjd $$

lrkï w,a,d - irlia mEjd

Wiq¿ úiq¿fjka - úfkdao jQjd

;kï fokd ;fkkd f;hs

.i hg ksokd - f;dmams fjf<kaod $$

oel oeka j÷rka - l,n, ù,d

fyñysg fyñysg <x ù - tìlï lr ne¨jd'

1 jeks j÷rd - wefÕa uú,a yß fmdâvhs

frÈ lvu¨ T;d wef;hs

uú,a ke;;a"

j,s. ke;;a"

yßhg j÷frla u jf.hs æ

msßi - jfgka jfgka tnqKd

úmrï lr ne¨jd

yß mqÿuhs æ

f,dl= mekhla ææ

1 jeks j÷rd - wuq;= j÷re rd, flfkla

3 jeks j÷rd - ux wy,d ;sfhkj nx"

fï f,daflg"

j÷re l=f,a tkag l,ska

ysáh lsh,d"

ñksiaiq lsh,d i;a;= æ

4 jeks j÷rd - Wkag j,s. ;snqfK ke;s¨"

uú,a ;snqfK yß fmdâv¨'

1 jeks j÷rd - yaï æ

uQg msiaiq

wmg miafia Wka wdfõ

wmshs biaißka u wdfõ' $$


5 jeks j÷rd - Wkag lEu wvq yskaod

j,sf. ke;s¨

uú,a wvq¨

msßi - ^.dhkd lr;s' j÷frda wNsrEmKh lr;s'&

mskqula .eyqjd - yQjla lSjd'

.fya t,a¨Kd - TxÑ,s meoaod

ljqoehs is;=jd'

6 jeks j÷rd - mrlal= ù wd yskaod

Wkag ke;s¨ j,s. ,enqfK

Wkag ke;s¨ uú,a ,enqfK

3 jeks j÷rd - tA WKdg

fudf<a jeä¨

1 jeks j÷rd - fudf<ka we;s jefâ fudlla o@

iS;f,ag fmfrhshels o@

wmg jf.a fyd|g Wkag

.fyka .yg mkskag nE ''''

6 jeks j÷rd - ^lrkula .id&

lrkï w,a,kakg nE ''''

4 jeks j÷rd - f.j,a ke;=j bkakg nE'

3 jeks j÷rd - fmdf<dfj ñila hkakg nE'

2 jeks j÷rd - we÷ï ke;=j iS;,hs ¨'

4 jeks j÷rd - tA yeáhg wms ''''

ish,af,da u - ymkakq

1 jeks j÷rd - wmshs biaißka u wdfõ'

Wka wdfõ wmg miafia'

4 jeks j÷rd - WU,f. jdfoa kj;a;m,a,d

W! .ek fidh,d

n,kak jfr,a,d'


msßi - ^j÷frda wNsrEmKh lr;s&

T¨j lid,d is;ñka"

j,s.h w,a,d n,ñka"

flia mef<kak ;rug oeka"

j÷frda l,amkd lr;s'

tld tld jdo lr;s'

kej;;a Wka lsÜgq lr;s"

f;dmams fjf<kaodf. <Õg'

úuis,af,ka úmrï lr"

f;dmams l+fv weo,d n,;s'

.i hg ksokd i;df. T¨fõ

;shkd f;dmamsh

fyd| yeá ne¨fõ'

f;dmams oeuQ j÷rd .cmy fõ'

;ukq;a ysi f;dmamsh od ne¨fõ'

j÷frda - wdhs æ wdhs æææ

yß cd;s

yevhs jevhs - yß m%S;shs'''

msßi - f;dmams oud.;a j÷frda $$

m%S;sfhka mskd .sfhda

tld tld yev ne¨fjda

ikaf;daiska msÍ .sfhda

f;dmams oud .;a j÷frda

m%S;sfhka mskd .sfhda

hi kegqï kegQ j÷frda

uy yçka iskdiqfKda

^j÷frda iskdfi;s&

tA yçka fjf<kaod" - .i hg Wka ks|d"

weyeßfha ;s.eiaiS" - y~ fldfyka úuiS'

^fjf<kaod weyefrhs' uú; ù n,hs&

fjf<kaodg yß mqÿuhs' - yß wmQre j÷re /<la

mdg mdg f;dmams oeuQ" - j÷re /<la


fjf<kaod - isyskhla j;a foda - fudk wreuhla foda'

msßi - fo weia msi yer n,d

uú; ù ke.sÜgd"

ysia l+fv ÿgqjd'

fjf<kaod - ^l+vh oel ta foig mksñka&

uf.a wmafmda æ

l+vh ysia ææ

msßi - fjf<kaodg oeka jegyq‚'

Wkag f;dmams fldfyka ,enq‚'

l+fv msß,d f;dmams ;snq‚'

oeka l+vh ysiaj ;snq‚'

oeka l+vh ysiaj ;snq‚'

fjf<kaodg tf,dj fmkq‚'

fjf<kaod - fmdä mq;dg

fmdä foda‚g

fmd;a m;a .kafka fldfydu o@

fi,a,ï nvq .kafka fldfydu o@

msßi - f;dmams fjf<kaod ÿmam;a

úh oeka wkaÿka l=kaÿka'

fjf<kaod ysg .;a;d æ

j÷frda nh jqKd æ

f;dmams od .;a .uka

.y Wvg ke.a.d ææ

fjf<kaod - oeka fldfydu o - f;dmams .kafka @

f;dmams ke;sj - fldfydu hkafka @

fmdä mq;dg fmdä foda‚g

fi,a,ï nvq - fldfydu .kafk @

fmd;a mekai,a

fldfydu .kafka @

msßi - l,n, jQ fjf<kaod

tydg weúoaod" fuydg weúoaod

oE;a ysfia .id .;a;d' - tfy Èõjd" fufy Èõjd


msiaiq jeys,d jf. Èõjd'

j÷rka ál ìug neiaid'

j,s.h ke;s i;d lrmq" - yeu fohla u Tjqka l<d'

fldam jQ fjf<kaod - tfy Èõjd fufy Èõjd

tal oelmq j÷frda o - tfy Èõjd fufy Èõjd

l=ula lrï foda - fkd o;a fjf<kaod"

ta mi ne¨jd fï mi ne¨jd

tA ÿgq j÷frda o tfia u flrejd'

tA mi ne¨jd fï mi ne¨jd'

k<f,a w; .y .;a úg

fjf<kaod

j÷frd;a k<f,a w; .y .;a;d

oE;a bKg .;a l, tA fjf<kaod

j÷frd;a ish oE;a bKg u .;a;d'

fjf<kaod - yß lreuhla fka" - fïl hi jevla fka"

j÷re fldf,dmamula'

uf.a f;dmams fydrlï lr"

ug l< yÈ uÈjg uqx

Wiq¿ úiq¿ md,d - fldf,dmamula mgka .;a;d'

lrkakï fld lÈu jevla" - ll=,a lv,d odkjd ux

msßi - ^.dhkd lrk úg k¿fjda wNsrEmKh lr;s&

fjf<kaod ;ry f.k" - tfy n,d fufy n,d"

f,dl= .,la w;g f.k" - j÷rkag .eyqjd'

ta ÿgq j÷frda o"

tfy n,d"

fufy n,d"

.,a fidhd w;g f.k

fjf<kaodg .eyqjd"

fï jk úg fjf<kaodg - jegyqfKa ldrfKa

j÷rka lrkafka - Tyqj wkqlrKhla ñi

fldf,dmamï fkd fjhs'

^w;sYh ú,ïn ,fhka foaYkd ffY,sfhka .dhkd

flf¾'&


ikaiqka jQ fjf<kaodg

f;dmams kej; ,nd .kak

fyd| kqjKla my< jqfKa'

;u ysi u; oud ''''

;snQ f;dmamsh fj;g ''''

hjd ;u w; fyñka ''''

th w;g .;a;d ''''

ta úg j÷frda o ´x"

w;a hjd f;dmams fj;"

;u ;uka ysi ;snqKq

f;dmams .;af;da w;ska'

fjf<kaod tA .uk"

lsÜgq lr l+vhg"

;u w; jQ f;dmamsh

l+vhg oeïud'

j÷frda o tA .uk

lsÜgq lr l+vhg

;u w; jQ f;dmams f.k

l+vhg oeïud'

fjf<kaodg yß i;=gqhs

l+fv msß, f;dmams wef;hs $$

jyd mekak l+fv fj;g - .;a; ú.i l+fv ysig

bvla fkd § j÷rkayg - yks ykslg Èõjd tmsg

miq fkd n,d Èõjd tmsg

mekak j÷frd tA ú.ig"

f;dmams l+fv ;snqKq ;ekg"

l+fv;a kE ''''

f;dmams;a kE ''''

l=ula jq‚ o '''' f;areï kE ''''

jg msg n,kafka

l+fv wrka wE; ÿjk"

fjf<kaod olskafka'


^wE; hk fjf<kaod foi u|la fj,d n,d isg

fiñka bÈßhg yefrk j÷frda ''''&

j÷frda - 1 yß æ yß ææ yß æææ

W! '''' ñksfyla ''''æ

2 yßhg yß '''' ñksfyla æ

3 j,sf. ke;;a"

4 uú,a ke;;a"

5 fudf<a wef;a'

ish,af,da u - ñksfyla ''''æ

^túg u fjf<kaod b;d ch.%dyS ú,difhka t;ekska

hkakg ths'&

fjf<kaod - f;dmams æ f;dmams ææ f;dmams ææ

wjfndaOh

1' f;dmams fjf<kaod kdgHfha fjf<kaodf.a pß; ,laIK fudkjd o@

2' ñksia pß; yd i;a;aj pß; ksrEmKfha § tys fjki fmkaùug

l;=jßh fhdod we;s Ys,am l%u fudkjd o@

3' j÷rka f;dmams fjf<kaodf.a ÿgq fjkialï fudkjd o@

4' j÷rkaf.ka f;dmams wdmiq ,nd .ekSug fjf<kaod fh¥ Wmdh

l=ula o@

5' “i;=ka w;=frka ñksid kqjKlaldr i;l= nj fï kdgHfhka

wjOdrKh flf¾'” fï ms<sn| Tfí woyia ,shkak'


,sÅ; wNHdi

1' f;dmams .kakg wd <uhdf.a wïud" fjf<kaod iu. jQ foni Tfí

jpkfhka ,shkak'

2' fjf<kaod ksod .;a wdldrh l;=jßh mjikafka flfia o@

3' ñksid j÷rdf.ka fjkia jQ yeá olsk j÷rka w;r mej;s foni

,shkak'

4' kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:d folla kdgHfhka Wmqgd ,shkak'

<ud kdgH ^msgm;a& rpkh

<uhskaf.a fm!reI j¾Okhg" nqoaê j¾Okhg fuka u" udkj ohdfjka

fyì mqrjeishl= ùug wjYH moku ilia lsÍug o odhl jk m%n, u

udOHhls" <ud kdgH'

kdgHhl fm< lshjd ri ú¢h yels h' kdgHh krUd ri ú¢h yels

h' wid isg o ri ú¢h yels h' kdgHh hkq wkqlrKh hs' tkï ;j;a

flfkl= wkqlrKh lsÍuls'

kdgHhla i|yd m%Odk jYfhka msgm;la ;sìh hq;= h' th kdgHh fm<

kï fõ' fï mdvug we;=<;a jQfha f;dmams fjf<kaod kdgHfha fm< hs'

kdgHhl fm< .oH úh yels h' moH úh yels h' .µ mµ foflys

ñY%Khla o úh yels h' fm< rpkd lrkafka fonia uÕsks' l;djla

f;dard f.k th isÿ jk yeá fonia u.ska oelaùfuks'

k¿ ks<shkaf.a m%fhdackh i|yd msgmf;ys rx. úOdk ;sìh hq;= h'

Wod (- jghla f.dia n,d

l+vh ìu ;nd

kdgHfhys we;=<;a jk mµ fldgia fhda.H ix.S; ;d, wkqj .dhkd

flf¾'


m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' fï foni lshjkak' tjeks fonila ,shkak'

,nq je,( jevqKq uy f,dl=jg

lSh o jhi ;uqfig

ls;=,a .i( wyk tl mqÿu h

oeka ug jhi mky h

,nq je,( ug udi yhl=;a

ojia y;rls ;ju;a

ls;=,a .i( Tn nd, nj uu

oek f.k isáñ fyd|g u

,nq je,( ke;;a jhila ug

Wi fjñ Tfí ;rug

ug fuka blaukg

yefokakg neß fudlo ;uqfig

ls;=,a .i( blaukg yeÿfKd;a

tA blaukska ke;s fj;a

uf. wefÕa fj<s,d

udfika foflka yeÈ,d

Tn fuka ue,ú,d

oyia .Kkla .shd ueß,d

-tia' uyskao ysñ-

2' kdgHfha tk rx. úOdk .ek isiqka iu. idlÉPd lrkak'

3' u,la iy nUrl= w;r we;s jk ixjdohla ,shkak'

4' WoEik mdi,g msg;a jk wjia:dfõ whshd" u,a,S iy Tn w;r isÿ

jk ixjdohla ,shkak'

5' mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï ;=klg ixúOdkh ù Tn leu;s mqxÑ

l;djla f;dard f.k kdgH msgm;la ,shkak' th rÕ olajkak'


hy¿fjda

wdpd¾h B' ví,sõ' wÈldrï hkq ,xldfõ fn!oaO mdi,a /ila wdrïN

lsÍug mqfrda.dó jQ úoajf;ls' mer‚ ,laÈj fn!oaO b;sydih kue;s

ksnkaOh i|yd ,kavka úYajúoHd,fhka wdpd¾h Wmdêh ,enQ wÈldrï"

isxy, úoHd wOHdmk lafIa;%hg o odhl;ajh iemhS h' Tyq úoHdj isxy,

udOHfhka b.ekaùu i|yd mdßNdIsl Yío ud,djla iïmdokhg lghq;=

lf<a wd¾Ól ÿIalr;d fya;=fjka úoHd wOHdmkfha by<g u hEug ;udg

wysñ jQ wjia:dj fndfyda orejkag Wod lr foñks' úoHd fmd;a yd úoHd

iÕrd m%ldYhg m;a lsÍfuka o mqj;am;a ,sms ,sùfuka o .=jkaúÿ,s l;d

meje;aùfuka o Tyq isxy, udOH úoHd wOHdmkhg wkqn, ÿkafka h'

Tyq úiska iïmdokh lrk ,o mdGYd,Sh isxy, YíofldaIh fnfyúka

m%fhdackj;A lD;shls' Tyq mdi,a mßmd,kfha § yd YsIH úkh ixj¾Okfha

§ wysxidjd§ is;=ú,s mokï lr .;af;a h' iduldó f,djla f.dvke.Su

i|yd wdpd¾h wÈldrï úiska lrk ,o fiajh we.hSug tlai;a cd;Skaf.a

ix.ufha YS% ,xld YdLdfjka 1988 § t;=udg idu ;Hd.h msßkuk ,È'

iudcfha Ñka;kh ÈhqKq lsÍfï mrud¾:fhka wdpd¾h wÈldrï úiska

m< lrk ,o is;=ú,s iÕrd ldKav 58ls' tys 41 jk ldKavfhka Wmqgd

.;a l;djla fï mdvug we;=<;a fõ'

23


m%sh YsIH YsIHdjks"

Tn ieu fokdg u l=vd hy¿jka we;ehs is;ñ' thska iuyr fofkla

wi,a jeishka jkag mq¿jk" iuyfrla biaflda,fha fyda Tfí mÙla;sfha

u fyda isák <uhska jkag mq¿jk'

l=vd ld,fha iudk jhil <uhska iu. ñ;% ùu <ud jhfiys §

iajdNdúl jYfhka isÿ jk fohls' th ukqIHhdg wjYH fohla hhs o

is;d .ekSug bv ;sfí'

fï iïnkaOfhka l=vd <uqka m¾fhaIKhlg Ndck lr fkdue;s hs'

tfy;a tA fjkqjg l=vd j÷re megjqka wrf.k m¾fhaIK mj;ajd ;sfí'

l=vd ld,fha § iu jhial fjk;a j÷re megjqka iu. fi,a,ï lsÍug

bv fkd ,enqKq j÷re megjq f,dl= jk úg j÷re isß;a úß;a fkd okakd"

j÷re iudchg fkd .e<fmk j÷frda jQy' j÷rd ukqIHhdg fndfyda

fihska lsÜgq iïnkaOlï we;s i;a;ajfhls' tfyhska tA j÷re megjqkag

isÿ jk foa ukqIHhdg;a isÿ fj;sZhs ks.ukh lsÍug bv ;sfí'''

'''l=vd ld,fha § we;s jk ñ;%;ajh fndfyda úg fi,a,ï lsÍu wdÈhg

iSud fjhs' jhiska jefv;a u tA ñ;%hka flfkl=g ke;s ù hkag mq¿jk'

tfy;a ñ;%;ajh fyj;a hy¿ nj l=vd orejdf.a Ôú;fha jeo.;a fldgila

ù jefvkag mq¿jk'

ienE ñ;%;ajh wd;aud¾:fhka fyj;a ;ud .ek u is;Sfuka f;dr jQjls'

ffu;%sh hhs o óg u kuls' “ffu;%s” hk jpkh iE§ ;sfnkafka o

“ñ;%” hkafkka h' l,HdK ñ;%hdf.a iajNdjh fyj;a fyd| ñ;=rl=f.a

.;sh ffu;%sh hs'

wNd.Hhlg fuka fyd| ñ;%;ajh w;sYhska u ÿ¾,N jQ .;shls' th

fma%auh fkd fõ" iafkayh fkd fõ' wdorh hk jpkfha fmdÿ f;areu o

tys ke;' fm%auh;a iafkayh;a" fmdÿ jHjydrfhys mdúÉÑ jk wdorh;a"

wd;aud¾:ldó .;s h" ;ud u uq,a lr f.k we;s jk yeÕSï h' l,HdK

ñ;%;dj fyj;a ffu;%sh tjekakla fkd fõ' tys ;ud h wkqka h hk

fNaohla ke;' l=vd u ld,fha § wïud flfrys o Bg miq fi,a,ï lrk

<uhska flfrys o yg .kakd hd¿lu fkd flf,iS úldYkh jkag

bv yeßh fyd;a kshu ñ;%;ajh ljod fyda flfkl= ;=< úldYkh


jkag neß ke;ehs is;Sug mq¿jk' foujqmshka úiska o .=rejreka úiska

o <ufhl=g l< yels f,dl= u fiajh l=vd ld,fha § <ufhl= ;=< yg

.kakd tA u,a fmdfydÜgqj úkdY jkag fkd § wdrlaId lr §u h' tA u,a

fmdfydÜgqfõ msmSu isÿ lr §ug ujqmshkag j;a .=rejrekag j;a fjk

lsisfjl=g j;a kqmq¿jk' l< yelsj ;sfnkafka fkdfhl=;a Wmøjhka

ksid tA lel=< úh<S hkag j;a leã ì£ hkag j;a bv fkd ,efnk fia

wdrlaId lr §u muK h' msmSu mqoa.,hd ;=<ska u isÿ úh hq;a;ls'

fuu idlÉPdj wjika lsÍug l,ska wfma mer‚ fmd;l oelafjk

tla;rd mqj;la .ek i|yka lsÍu iqÿiq hhs is;ñ'

nqÿkajkafia o Wka jykafiaf.a {d;s ifydaorhl= jQ wdkkao yduqÿrejka

jykafia o tla Èkhl ijia Nd.fhys l:d i,a,dmhl fh§ isáhy'

“iajdóks" Wiia u Ôú;fhka foflka mx.=jla l,HdK ñ;%fhl= ùu

hhs is;ñ”hs wdkkao yduqÿrejka jykafia lSfõ ¨' túg nqÿkajykafia

fufia lSfõ h' “tfia fkd lshj wdkkao" tfia fkd lshj wdkkao"

Wiia u Ôú;fhka foflka mx.=jla fkd j iïmQ¾Kfhka u n%yau

pßhdj l,HdK ñ;%;dj jkafka h'”

n%yau hkafkys f;areu b;d u Wiia hkak h' pßhd hkq yeisÍu h'

tfyhska n%yau pßhd hkq b;du Wiia yeisÍu h' n%yau úydr hkq o óg

u iudkd¾: fõ' úydr hkq jdih lsÍu h" Ôj;a ùu h' ffu;%sh fyj;a

ñ;%;dj o fndfyda úg n%yau úydr hk kñka u ye¢ka fõ'

hy¿lu b;d W;=ï fohls' th wd;aud¾:fhka ls<sá l< hq;= fkd fõ'

is;=ú,s ¡ 4jk ldKavh

by; Tn lshjQ ,smsfha ñ;%;ajh ms<sn| wmQre ú.%yhla oelafjhs' ta"

B' ví,sõ' wÈldrï l=vd <uhskag ñ;%;ajh ms<sn| ish woyia m%ldY

l< wdldrh hs' lsishï lreKla ms<sn|j bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk iuia;

meyeÈ,s woyila o¾Ykhla f,i ye¢kaúh yels h' wÈldrï jeä

jYfhka wjOdkh fhduq lf<a <uhska yd ;reK mrmqr hyu. heùug h'

Ñka;lhl= jYfhka Y%S ,xld ck;djf.a Ñka;kfhys fjkila we;s

lsÍfï wruq‚ka Tyq kùk úoHd iÕrdj yd is;=ú,s kï mqia;sld ud,dj

iïmdokh lf<a h' mdrïmßl úYajdi yd weoys,sj,ska wE;a jQ" wdpd¾h

wÈldrï m< l< we;eï woyia ;shqKq u; fNaohg yd úfõpkhg o ,la


úh' t;=udg cd;s fNaohla" wd.ï fNaohla fyda mka;s fNaohla fkd ùh'

uq¿ ñksia j¾.hd u tl u cd;shla f,i ie,l+ Tyq j¾.jd§ .egqïj,ska

f;dr iduldó f,djla f.dvke.Su i|yd ksr;=rej lem ù lghq;= lf<a

h' tu Wodr lem ùu fjkqfjka t;=udg lrk ,o Wmydrhla f,i 1980

§ tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ix.ufha Y%S ,xld YdLdj úiska m<uq jrg idu

;Hd.h msßkuk ,È' thska ,enqKq remsh,a oi oyila jákd fplam;

idu lghq;= i|yd fhdod .ekSug Y%S ,xld l%sIaKuQ¾;s uOHia:dkhg

mß;Hd. lf<a h'

wÈldrï;=udf.a wysxidjd§ m%;sm;a;sh rg u okakd lreKls' mdi,a

mßmd,kfha § yd YsIH úkh ixj¾Okfha § Tyq wkq.ukh l< m%;sm;a;s

YsIHhka ;=< wysxidjd§ is;=ú,s frdamKh lsÍug fya;= úh' “Tjd fokq

mryg ;ud iïuf;ys msysgd isg” hk lshuk wl=rg u wkq.ukh l<

t;=ud ;u wúysxidjd§ ms<sfj; l%shdfjka u ikd: lf<a h' fidnd

oyug mßirhg we¨ï l< t;=ud ;ud o tys fldgila f,i ie,l=fõ h'

wÈldrï;=ud úiska ,shk ,o f,aLkj,ska yd mj;ajk ,o foaYkj,ska

Tyqf.a wysxidjd§" udkjys;jd§ oelau ukdj m%lg flß‚'

mdßNdIsl jpk tla tla úIhg wod< ixl,am y÷kajk jpk

iudk jhial iudk jhig wh;a



wjfndaOh

1' mdvfï we;=<;a m¾fhaIK i|yd fhdod f.k we;af;a ljqre o@

2' l=vd ld,fha hy¿lu iSud jkafka l=uk ld¾hhlg o@

3' ienE ñ;%;ajfha iajNdjh l=ula o@

4' fuys u,a fmdfydÜgqjlg Wmud lr we;af;a l=ula o@

5' mdvfï lshefjk b;d u Wiia yeisÍu l=ula o@

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' my; oelafjk jpk i|yd iudkd¾:j;a mo mdvfuka f;dard ,shkak'

¸' wjdikdj ¸¹' jdß;%

¸¸' hym;a ¹' mqIam

¸¸¸' ñksid

2' my; oelafjk jpkj,g úreoaOd¾:j;a mo mdvfuka f;dard ,shkak'

¸' hqoldó ¸¹' Nd.Hh

¸¸' ffjrh ¹' f,dl=

¸¸¸' wiudk

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' “wdpd¾h B' ví,sõ' wÈldrïf.a cd;sl fufyjr” hk ud;Dldj

hgf;a mdi,a ì;a;s mqj;am;g ,smshla ,shkak'


‘m%nkaOh’ hkq ‘ukd fldg n¢k ,oao’ hk woyi we;=<;a jpkhls'

lsishï f;audjla mokï lr f.k wkqms<sfj<ska lreKq .<md rij;a

f,i f.dv k.k ,o rpkdjla ks¾udKd;aul m%nkaOhla f,i ye¢kaúh

yels h' th w¾:j;a ùu o wjYH fõ'

isxy, m%nkaO rpkh i|yd u. fmkajk fmd;a w;r l=udr;=x. uqksodi

^1887 - 1944& uy;df.a m%nkafOdamfoaYh yd m%nkaO ix.%yh lD;s iqúfYaI

fõ' fuu mdvug we;=<;a jkafka m%nkaO ix.%yfhka Wmqgd .;a l;djls'

isxy, NdId yd idys;H lafIa;%hg úYd, fufyjrla l< l=udr;=x.

uqksodi" <uhskaf.a NdId idys;H oekqu j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd lshjk

kqjK kñka fmd;a fm<la o iïmdokh lf<a h' t;=ud ,shQ <ud lú

<uhska w;r ckm%sh h'

fuu mdvfï we;=<;a l;dj;a th rpkd lsÍug mdol jQ l;d iels,a,;a

ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lrkak' ks¾udKd;aul m%nkaO rpkh i|yd

th m%fõYhla jkq ksiel h'

lshjkakdg myiqfjka w¾:h jgyd .; yels iy lshùug m%sh Wmojk

wdldrhg ksrjq,a nia jyrla Ndú; lrñka ks¾udKd;aul m%nkaO rpkd

lsÍug Tng o yels h'

fmd,a ,o ieá 24


fm/ ,la Èje ol=Kq foie udkd kï mqreIfhla ù' fya iúu;a h'

f;oj;a he" wú ismays fl< meñ‚fhls' Tyq fnfyúka iu;a jQfha

ovhug hs' Tyq fuka iu;a jQ ;j;a ñksiaiq fo ;sia fofkla Tyqg tl;=

jQ y' ;=ka ;sia fok ue fl<s ms‚ie o wyr ms‚ie o wenEis ms‚ie o

ojia m;d ovhï lf<da he'

jrla uy kshfÕla meñ‚fha he' ovhï lrkakjqkg tA b;d fyd|

lf,ls' j,a wi,e jeõ wdÈfhys Èh is£-.sh úge jk i;a;= mjiska

uy ÿla ú¢;a" meka fidhd tA tA w;e fh;a" we;eï úge uy odj,ays ÿ

.ïudkhg mjd meñfK;a' tA kshx iufhys Èfkle fï ;=ka ;sia fok

ovhï ms‚ie .sfhda he' /lafï isge" le<E .id" i;=ka miafia tA fï

w;e Èje" Tjqkaf.a fjfyi b;d uy;a úhe' ysre ria .sks fuka WKq he'

t l,e we;s jk msmdidj fln÷ o hkq is;d .; yels he' ovhïlrefjda

jk i;=ka fiú,a, ;sìhe § Èh fidhkakg jQy' tfy;a" Tjqkaf.a weÕska

.,k Èh úkd wka Èfhla kï fkd ,eìK'

mji b;d uy;a je" tA ish¨ fok fu f,dje wdidj nqre,a lrkakg jka

l,ays" Tjqka fm/ kqÿgq .fila fk;a yuq úhe' tys Wi i,lk l,e l|

isyska he' uq,e isge w. olajd ue tys jeä fjkfila ke;s' uy; ;=ka

ßhkla muK jqj o" È. ;sia ßhkla muK úhe' tfy;a w;= fn§fula

ke;s' .i w.e muKla mshd m;a jeks fld< /fils' uy ie<s jeks f.ä

lráh jgd fmksK' ‘fu n÷ uy;a f.ä we;=<e kï meka fmdola úhe

hq;= ue he’ hkq Tjqkg jQ yeÕSu hs'

tA" is;-is;d bkakg ;efkla fyda fõ,dfjla fyda fkd fõ' tflla

W;aidyfhka .ig weÿfKa he' mhg fyda w;g fyda .ekaula ke;s l|

Èf.a by<g we§u myiq fkd fõ' mjig mska isÿ jkakg" tA wmyiq lï

oeka fkd fmfka' .ig weÿfKa" tys l| fl<j/ jQ uy fld< kgqjla

w,a,d-f.ke" bfÕys jQ isßh weoe" f.äfhle kgqj lmkakg úhe' ß<d

w;la muK uy;a jQ tA kgqj lemSug ñksidf.a il, W;aidyh fhÈK'

;ek wjodkï he" lghq;a; kqmqreÿ he; fhÈhe yelafla tla w; he'

isßhe uqjy; ;shqKq fkd ù kï lemSu W.yg he' kgqfhka wvla muK

lemqKq miq" bjeis,s u| jQ ñksid" w;g jer § isßh ;Èka weoafoa he'

f.äh kgqfhka fjka úhe' .ie uq,e jQfjda jyd bj;g meke-.;a y'

uy yf~la keÕsK' ;sia l<hla .kakd ie<shla muK jQ f.äh ìue

fm/f<kakg úhe'


ovhïlrefjda f.äh msßlaiQy' kgqj jgd uy ;eßfhls' tA" f.ähg

;Èka we,S isáfha he' t ;eka isge f.äh uy;a je-f.dia" h<s ÿ isyska

je Wf,lska fl<jr jQfha he' ;eßfha isge t ;ekg f.äh ;=ka wilg

fnfok fjfy,s ;=fkla u;= je isáfha he' tflla uy fmdfrdjla

f.ke ;eßh foiska lmkakg úhe' is;+ muKg tA wmyiq ld¾hfhla

fkd ù he' msg; ks,a jqj o" we;=<; iqÿ he' y;a wg myrlg miq

tla fmdfrda myrla jÈkakd ue fmdfrda-ore weoe-fy<k ;rï fõ.j;a

Èh myfrla f.äfhka kslañK' ish¨ fok Wu;= jQ y' tfy;a mqÿuh

mfile ;sìhe § Tjqka flf<a Tjqfkdjqka mrhd mji ikais÷jd-.ekSu

hs' tA ñysß mefkls' tld fo ;=ka j/ uqj <x flf<a he'

;=ka ;sia fokdf.a ue mji ikais¢K' f.äh we;=f<a meka ;j o fndfyda

he' Tyq" isÿr uy;a fldge tî neÆ y' wdYap¾hfhls! Tjqkaf.a mji

muKla fkd je id .sks o ksjkakg f.äh fmdfydi;a fia he' we;=<;e

iqÿ uofhls' foãug l,a fkd hjd" Tyq b;sß mekska tll= kyjd msßisÿ

fldge" jEhla w;g §" Tyq f.äh ;=<g hejQ y' fya uo ieie ieie

t<shg fohs' t<sfhys jQfjda th weoe weoe l;s' ish,a,kaf.a id .sks

fl<jr jqj o uofha fl<jrla kqÿgq jE-orejd f.äfhka msg;g mskS

he' ish,af,da tA mqÿu f.äh .eke ue fodvñka .ï n,d .sh y'

uE; ld,fhle § Tyq h<s ÿ tA .i n,kakg .sh y' .i uekeúka

msßlaid n,d" meiqKq fkd meiqKq f.ä lsysmhla o fk<d-f.ke" Tyq

fmr<d .ug wjq;a" meiqKq f.ähla me< fjkakg Æ y' iqÿiq l,ays thska

me<fhla keÕS jefvkakg úhe' mia jilg muK miq tys f.ä o yg-

.;af;a he' tfy;a" wNd.Hfhls' ñksiqkaf.a weia jy lg jy je§fuka

foda" jkfhys § t ;rï uy;a jQ f.äh" .fuys § fu ;rï l=vd úhe'

flfia jqj o fmd,a .ug meñ‚fha he'

my; oelafjkafka m%nkafOdamfoaYh fmdf;ka Wmqgd .kakd ,o ‘fmd,a

,o ieá’ l;dfõ iels,a, hs'


1' udkd kï ov kdhlhd - Tyqf.a msßi - fo ;sia fokd - Èkm;d

ovhï'

2' kshx iufha Èfkle uy jkfha ovhu - uy odj,a msmdidj Èh

fiú,a,'

3' jk ueoe .i - isyska È. l| - mshd m;a jeks fld< - uy;a ie<s jeks

f.ä'

4' .ig we§u - f.äfhle kgqj uy;a W;aidyfhka lemSu - f.äh uy

yçka ìu ySu'

5' tll= f.äfha uqyqK fmdfrdfjlska fndfyda fõ,d lmd isÿre lsÍu

- W,am;'

6 ;=ka ;sia fokdg ue meka - b;sß mekska tll= kdjd msßisÿ lsÍu -

jEhla § Tyq f.äh ;=<g heùu - Tyq uo ieie msg;g §u - ish,a,ka

f.a nv .sks ksùu'

7' tA msßi miq ld,fhle § tA .iska f.ähla f.ke f.dia .fï jeùu

- le,Efõ § t ;rï f,dl= f.ä .fï § l=vd ùu'



Wu;= mshú isysh fkdue;s

mrhd mrdo lrñka$wìnjñka

uqj lg

wdYap¾hhls mqÿuhls

id.sks nv.sks

iei iei rysñka$lm lmd

jE orejd jEh$rysk wdhqOh /.;a ;eke;a;d

lgjy lg jpkj, we;ehs úYajdi lrk úkdYldß

nj

iúu;a Yla;su;a

f;oj;a f;acjka;$m%;dmj;a$wdkqNdj iïmkak

wúisma wdhqO Ys,amh$wú wdhqOj,ska igka lsÍfï

Ys,amh

mjiska msmdifhka

le,E .id jk i;=ka fldgq lr w,a,d .ekSu

kshx iuh bfvdar ld,h$jeis fkd jisk ld,h

nqre,a lrkakg w; yßkakg$,sys,a lrkakg

ie<s f,dl= uqÜáhla

lráh .fya by< fldgi

.ekaula jdrejla$w,a,d .ekSug fyda mh ;nd .ekSug

fyda ;ekla

isßh l=vd lvqjla jeks ‘isßh’ kï jQ wdhqOh"

;eßh kgqj jgd we;s f.ähg iú jQ fmd;a;la jeks

fldgi

;=ka wilg ;=ka me;a;lg

fjfy,s kdrá

fmdfrda ore fmdfrdj orkakd


wjfndaOh

1' udkd yd tla jQ ñksiqka ixLHdj fldmuK o@

2' Tjqka ovhï lf<a l=ula i|yd o@

3' ovhïlrejkag kshÕh jvd;a jdisodhl jkafka wehs@

4' Tjqka ÿgq .fiys iajNdjh úia;r lrkak'

5' fï w.kd f.ä j¾.fha ku l=ula o@

rij;a l;d f.d;uq

bjqï msyqï lghq;=j,§ ke;sj u neß ‘fmd,a’ wmg ,enqfKa flfia oeZhs

‘fmd,a ,o ieá’ l;dfjka Tn bf.k .kakg we;' ta l;dj m%nkaO

lrkq ,enqfõ l=udr;=x. uqksodi iQÍka úisks'

l;djla ks¾udKh lrkakg iQodkï jk Tn fndfyda foa W.; hq;=

fjhs'

uq,ska u NdIdj fhdod .kakd wdldrh y÷kd .; hq;= h' ;uka Ndú;

lrk jpk u.ska ri ujkakg;a" lshjkakdg tA ms<sn|j okjkakg;a

yels fjhs' wms WodyrKhla f.k n,uq'

Èjd wdydrh i|yd lEu fïih fj; meñ‚ ud foi mQid n,d isáhs'

lEu fïifha ye¢ .efgk y~ weiqKq ie‚ka mQid o ud wi, h' W! ud

foi n,d isáfha “ug;a nv.skshs” lshkakdla fuks'

fï mdG foflka u lshefjkafka tl u fohla jQj;a fojeks mdGfhka

fï m%ldYh lrkakdf.a ysf;a mj;sk i;a;aj lreKdj;a bÕs flfrhs'

wmg o th yefÕkakg" oefkkakg mgka .kS' jpkj, ;sfnk n,h

thhs'

Tn l;djla ks¾udKh lroa§ yeÕSï oefkk f,i jpk yeisrúh hq;=

jkafka" tfia fkdue;s jQ úg tA ks¾udKh rij;a fkd jk neúks' ks;r

ks;r fmd; m; lsheùfuka tjeks rij;a fhÿï W.; yels h' tfuka

u lúhla fyda l;djla fyda ks¾udKh lrkakg úúO jQ w;aoelSï ;sìh

hq;= hs' w;aoelSï ,nd .kakg wm mßirh ksÍlaIKh lsÍu b;d jeo.;a

jkq we;'

i| myk" ysre Wodj" ysre neiSu" l÷lrh" j,dl=¿" y| mdhd we;s /h"

uqyqÿ fjr<" fj,a hdh" fmdo jeiai" l=Kdgqj" u,a msreKq .i" ìhlre

jkh muKla fkdj l+ôhd" ó ueiaid" m<Õeáhd" fõhd" iuk,hd jeks

i;=ka .ek o meÿre úùu" oe,a we§u" ,S bÍu" j<x ;ekSu .ek o fyaka

flàu" me,a /lSu" f.dhï lemSu jeks foa .ek o wm úuis,af,ka isáh

hq;= h'


rij;a l;d f.d;uq

bjqï msyqï lghq;=j,§ ke;sj u neß ‘fmd,a’ wmg ,enqfKa flfia oeZhs

‘fmd,a ,o ieá’ l;dfjka Tn bf.k .kakg we;' ta l;dj m%nkaO

lrkq ,enqfõ l=udr;=x. uqksodi iQÍka úisks'

l;djla ks¾udKh lrkakg iQodkï jk Tn fndfyda foa W.; hq;=

fjhs'

uq,ska u NdIdj fhdod .kakd wdldrh y÷kd .; hq;= h' ;uka Ndú;

lrk jpk u.ska ri ujkakg;a" lshjkakdg tA ms<sn|j okjkakg;a

yels fjhs' wms WodyrKhla f.k n,uq'

Èjd wdydrh i|yd lEu fïih fj; meñ‚ ud foi mQid n,d isáhs'

lEu fïifha ye¢ .efgk y~ weiqKq ie‚ka mQid o ud wi, h' W! ud

foi n,d isáfha “ug;a nv.skshs” lshkakdla fuks'

fï mdG foflka u lshefjkafka tl u fohla jQj;a fojeks mdGfhka

fï m%ldYh lrkakdf.a ysf;a mj;sk i;a;aj lreKdj;a bÕs flfrhs'

wmg o th yefÕkakg" oefkkakg mgka .kS' jpkj, ;sfnk n,h

thhs'

Tn l;djla ks¾udKh lroa§ yeÕSï oefkk f,i jpk yeisrúh hq;=

jkafka" tfia fkdue;s jQ úg tA ks¾udKh rij;a fkd jk neúks' ks;r

ks;r fmd; m; lsheùfuka tjeks rij;a fhÿï W.; yels h' tfuka

u lúhla fyda l;djla fyda ks¾udKh lrkakg úúO jQ w;aoelSï ;sìh

hq;= hs' w;aoelSï ,nd .kakg wm mßirh ksÍlaIKh lsÍu b;d jeo.;a

jkq we;'

i| myk" ysre Wodj" ysre neiSu" l÷lrh" j,dl=¿" y| mdhd we;s /h"

uqyqÿ fjr<" fj,a hdh" fmdo jeiai" l=Kdgqj" u,a msreKq .i" ìhlre

jkh muKla fkdj l+ôhd" ó ueiaid" m<Õeáhd" fõhd" iuk,hd jeks

i;=ka .ek o meÿre úùu" oe,a we§u" ,S bÍu" j<x ;ekSu .ek o fyaka

flàu" me,a /lSu" f.dhï lemSu jeks foa .ek o wm úuis,af,ka isáh

hq;= h'


tA tA ;ekaj, iajdNdúl iqkaor;ajh" tA tA i;=kaf.a l%shdldrlï" tA tA

whf.a ÿl" i;=g jeks yeÕSï .ek wjfndaO lr .; hq;= h' túg Tng;a

fndfyda oE ,súh yels jkq we;'

wm bf.k .;a hq., mo rEÎ" m%ia;dj msre¿" wdÈ idïm%odhsl fhÿï

fuka u Wmud yd rEml wdÈ w,xldrj;a fhÿï o ks¾udKhla rij;a

lsÍu i|yd fhdod .; yels h' fï nj ,sùfuka u wjfndaO lr .;

hq;= hs'

l=udr;=x. uqksodi uy;df.a lshjk kqjK fmdf;ka Wmqgd .;a ;j;a

fldgila lshjuq'

“uq.á fofok fo miska khdg <x jkakg n,;s' tflla iqÿiq muKg

<x jkakg n,hs' kd fmKh úÿ,sh fjiska t foig j§' kd uia

fld;rï rij;a jqj o tA myfrys urejd ieÕeù isgqkd nj uekúka

okakd uq.áhd miaig mkS' tA wjirfhka jev .kakg is;d wfkla

uq.áhd n,hs <x jkakg' tfy;a khd hqog ngqfha tA nj fkd oek

fkd fõ' tfyhska wr mig keuqKq kd fmKh" is;kakg o fm/

fï mig myr fohs' fï uq.áhd o miaig mskSfuka ue urejdf.ka

.e,efõ' oeka uq.á fofok fomiska u|la wE;aj isá;s'”

fï l;dj lshjk úg wm bÈßfha uefjkakg mgka .kakd khs-uq.á

fmdrh wmQre h' tmuKla fkd j fuys wjidkh l=ula oehs oek .ekSfï

wdidjla o we;s fjhs' tA ksid u l;dj lshjd yudr lrk ;=re bjis,a,la

o ke;' w.kd ks¾udKhla tla jrla lshjd mfilska ;eîug is;a fkd

fohs' kej; kej; lshùug wm fmd,Ujkafka tys fh§ we;s rij;a

NdIdj hs' weiQ ÿgq fohla rij;aj lshkakg" ,shkakg NdIdfõ jpk

fndfydauhla wm oek isáh hq;= hs' jpk rij;aj fhdod f.k wms;a

mqxÑ mqxÑ l;d ks¾udKh lrkakg W;aidy lruq'


,ssÅ; wNHdi

1' i;shlg tla l;djla lshjd" tys l;=jrhdf.a ku" l;dfõ lshefjk

isÿùu" Tn is;a .;a wjia:d we;=<;a lrñka úia;rhla ,shd hy¿jka

w;r yqjudre lr .kak'

2' my; i|yka l;d iels,s weiqfrka rij;a l;d ks¾udKh lrkak'

i. ² úYd, l¿.,a f.dvla ñÿf,a mfilska fmfkkakg we;'

² tA wi,ska kfhla we§ hhs'

² uq.áhd l=reudkï w,a,ñka khd fj; mkS'

² khd ch ,nkafka wiSrefjks'

² uq.áhd lE .ik y~la wefihs'

ii. ² iqkaor Èh we,a,la lvd yef,hs'

² fl<sljg iskd y~ wjg me;sfrhs'

² tl jr u <uhl= lE .ik y~la wefihs'

² msßi l,n,hg m;a ù tfoig ÿj;s'

² kej; iskd y~ u;= fjhs'

iii. ² ksji wi, Wig jevqKq ng m÷rls'

² f,aka wïud iy ;d;a;d y~ k.ñka tA fï w; ÿj mks;s'

² l+vqj ìu jeà we;'

² tA foig Èj tk uj iy mq;d y~la k.;s'

² lmqgd ldla ldla yçka ko § bj;g mshUd hkafka wi;=fgks'

3' Tn okakd m%ia;dj msre<lg wod<j l;djla ks¾udKh lrkak'

m%dfhda.sl wNHdi

1' rij;a <ud l;d fmd;a lshjkak'

2' jeäysáhkaf.ka rij;a l;d wid oek .kak'

3' ksjfia l=vd mqia;ld,hla wdrïN lrkak'

Documents

NdIdj yd idys;Hh lan g-7/sinhala l… · 2 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 3 Èkla tla f.dúfhla yrla ndk o olald f.k l=Uqr iEug .sfha h' uq,a u yS úg ksu