Nghiên Cứu Điều Chế Vật Liệu Hấp Phụ Kim Loại Nặng Trong Nước Từ Bùn Đỏ

8/11/2019 Nghin Cu iu Ch Vt Liu Hp Ph Kim Loi Nng Trong Nc T Bn

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n t t nghip GVHD : TS.Nguyn nh Thnh

SVTH : Nguyn Th Hng Tho Trang 1

LI M U

Ngun nc sch khng b nhim l iu mong moi ca ton th nhn loi trn

th gii. Hin nay, hon mt t ngi trn th gii thng xuyn thiu ngun nc sch

s dng. Vit Nam cng l mt quc gia ang i u vi tnh trng khan him ngun

nc sch dng cho mc ch sinh hot v sn xut. Nht l ti cc khu vc ngoi thnh

hay nng thn, noi m ngun nc cp cn cha y v cha m bo cc yu cu v

cht lng ngun nc cp cho sinh hot.

D lng kim loi nng trong nc vi mt lng ln vt qu tiu chun chophp s gy nh hng khng tt n sc kho con ngi. Nhim c Cadimi gy ung

th, bnh phi v xng; Km gy tc ng n h tiu ho, Niken gy bnh v da. D

lng kim loi nng Km, Cadimi, Niken thng c tm thy nhiu nht trong nc

thi ca ngnh sn xut xi m, nc thi ny c ra sng gy nh hng xu n

cht lng ngun nc mt v nc ngm.

Chnh v vy vn x l d lng kim loi nng trong nc l mt nhu cu cp

thit hin nay. Trong thi gian qua, c nhiu nghin cu c thc hin nhm mc

ch loi b d lng kim loi nng trong ngun nc. Trong cc phng php c

nghin cu th phng php dng vt liu hp ph d lng kim loi trong nc cho

thy c nhiu u im.

Hng nghin cu: iu ch v kho st kh nng hp ph d lng kim loi

nng Km, Cadimi, Niken trong nc ca vt liu hp ph c ngun gc t bn d nh

my ho cht Tn Bnh ti phng th nghim.


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CHNG 1

TNG QUAN1.1. T VN

1.1.1. L do chn ti

Bn l cht thi ca cng nghip sn sut nhm oxit t qung bauxit, c thnh

phn l cc oxit st, oxit nhm, oxit silic, oxit titan,...Do kim qu cao nn bn l

tc nhn gy nhim mi trung nghim trng ti cc bi thi v ly lan sang cc vng

ln cn.

Hin nay ti nh my Ha cht Tn Bnh Thnh ph H Ch Minh hng nm thi

ra hng trm ngn tn bn thi. gii quyt vn bn thi c rt nhiu hng nghin

cu nh sn xut vt liu xy dng, thu hi cc khong c gi tr, ...

Tn dng ngun oxit cn li trong bn , chng ti a ra hng nghin cu l

ch to zeolit v vt liu hp ph cc kim loi nng vi hy vng l to ra cc sn phm c

hiu qu cao, gi thnh h gp phn thc y s pht trin kinh t ca t nc.

1.1.2. Mc ch ti

Nghin cu ch to zeolit.

Ch to vt liu hp ph kim loi nng.

Kho st kh nng hp ph ca vt liu trong phng th nghim.

Kho st kh nng hp ph ca vt liu trn mu nc thi xi m.

1.1.3. Tnh kh th ca ti

Vic sn xut zeolite v vt liu hp ph kim loi nng t ngun bn d l mt

hng i kh thi bi l :

Tn dng c ngun nguyn liu ph thi trong nc.

Gii quyt vn nhim mi trng do bn gy ra.


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Quy trnh n gin, d thc hin, chi ph s dng nng lng thp.


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n tot nghip GVHD : TS.Nguyn nh Thnh


1.1.4. i tng nghin cu

B thi nh my ho cht Tn Bnh.

1.1.5.

Noi thc hine ti c thc hin trong thi gian 3 thng, t thng 9 nm 2006 n thng 12

nm 2006 ti Phng Xc tc v Cng ngh Mi trng thuc Vin Khoa hc Vt liu

ng dng.

1.2. NH MY HO CHT TN BNH [7] [11] [12]

1.2.1 Gii thiu chung [7]

Nh my ho cht Tn Bnh l mt trong su thnh vin ca cng ty Ho cht c

bn Min Nam, thuc tng cng ty ho cht Vit Nam. Cng Ty Ho Cht C Bn MinNam l doanh nghip nh nc c thnh lp t nm 1976 chuyn sn xut cc sn

phm ho cht v c c bn. Nh my ho cht Tn Bnh ban u l c s sn xut ho

cht do tu-nhn i Loan xy dng nm 1969 vi sn phm chnh l axit sulfuric v

phn n. en nm 1973, nh my sn xut thm hydroxit nhm.. an nm 1976, nh

my c tip qun v thuc Cng Ty Ho Cht C Bn Min Nam. T 1995 cng ty

thuc Tng cng ty ho cht Vit Nam.

Nh my sn xut cc sn phm gm:

V Axit Sulfuric (H2SO4) : 40.000 tn/nm

V Hydroxit nhm (Al(OH)3: 30.000 tn/nm

V Phn n Sulfat nhm : 10.000 tn/nm

V Phn kp gm phn amoni & kalisulfat ca nhm Sulfat: ltn/ca

V Cc sn phm ph: Na2SO3.5H20 Natrithiosult,Natrisulfit Na2S03.7H20,

natripyrosult Na2s205.

Ngun tiu th sn phm ch yu l th trng trong nc, c bit l cc nh

my cp nc thnh ph H Ch Minh v pha nam. Nh my cn cung cp nguyn

liu cho cc nh my v cng ty trong khu cng nghip v khu ch xut cc tnh pha

nam. Nm 2001 nh my cng thm d th trng nc ngoi v xut khu 1.500

tn nhm hydroxit sang Nht Bn.


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1.2.2 Nguyn liu dng trong sn xut [11]

Bauxit l mt trong nhng qung c cha hm lng nhm cao, cc khong vt

ca nhm c trong qung l gibbsit, diaspor, boehmit, ngoi ra bauxit cn c cc khong

vt ca st nh hemetite, geothite i khi c c pirit, opal, ca silic nh thch anh, catitan nh anatase, rutin,... c hm lng ng k, cng mt s cc nguyn t Ca, Mg, V,

Co, Ni, Pb... vi hm lng rt nh. Tu theo hm lng oxit st m qung bauxite c

nhiu mu sc khc nhau. Thnh phnho hc chnh ca qung bauxite dao ng trong

khong rng sau:

Bng 1 : Thnh phn ho hc ca qung Bauxit

Ngi ta nh gi qung bauxit thng qua modul silic: t s gia hm lng

A1203v Si02, qung bauxit no c hm lng A1203>= 50% v modul silic >= 10 th

cht lng qung thuc loi tt.

Vit Nam, qung bauxit c pht hin H Tuyn, Cao Bng, Lng Sn,

c Lc, Lm ng, Gia Lai - Kom Tum, Sng B, Ph Khnh... c bit cc m bauxit

laterit Ty Nguyn v ng Nam B c tr lng hng t tn. Nhn chung qung

bauxit Vit Nam c hm lng nhm oxit kh cao ~ 50% v c modul silic > 10 c

nhiu ni t n 20 - 26.

Nh my ho cht Tn Bnh s dng qung bauxitLm ng c thnh phn ho

hc ch yu nh sau:

AI2O3 Fe23 S2 TO2 H2O

30% - 75% 2% - 37% 1% - 27% 0% - 11% 8% - 25%

Bng 2 : Thnh ph n ho hc ca qung Bauxit Lm ng

AI2O3 Fe203 Si02 Ti02 CaO MgO Na20 K2O co2

49,45 17,58 2,08 2,99 0,26 0,05 0,05 0,32


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n tt nghip GVHD : TS.Nguyn nh Thnh


Qung Bauxite laterit Lm ng ni ring v ca Min Nam Vit Nam thch hp

vi phng php Bayer.

1.2.3 Gii thiu quy trnh Bayer [12]

1.2.4 Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh Bayer [12]

Qung Bauxit t bi cha c chuyn vo phu nh lng, sau khi qung ra

khi phu (c ho trn vi mt lng vi thch hp) s c h thng vt ti xon a

Hnh 1 : S quy trnh Bayer


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vo my nghin bi thc hin qu trnh nghin t.

Ti my nghin, qung c nghin n kch thc khong 60 - 70 pm vi dung

dch xt, sau khi c c, c ly t bn cha xt.

Qung sau khi nghin c dng huyn ph, phn qung c kch thc t yu cu

s chy vo bn trung gian c khuy lin tc vi tc cnh khuy 5 vng/pht

trnh lng ng. Phn khng t yu cu s theo h thng vt ti xon tr li my nghin.

T bn trung gian, huyn ph c bom ln bn pha liu v kh

silc.

Sau khi pha liu xong, huyn ph c bm vo thit b trao i nhit gia

nhit ln khong130 - 140c, ri c bm vo thit b phn ng. nhit ny, AI2O3

tch ra khi qung bauxite to thnh dung dch Alumnate theo phn ng:

NaA O 2 + 2H 20 r ==hA 1 (0 H > 3 NaOH

Trong thit b phn ng h thng cnh khuy s khuy trn lin tc vi tc

khuy khong 25 vng/pht nhm o trn ng u nguyn liu v xt trnh tnh trng

phn ng xy ra cc b v ng cn di y thit b.

Sau qu trnh phn ng, huyn ph c p sang bn pha long, y n c

pha long vi nc t qu trnh rab v kt hp vi vic khuy trn tc khong 25

vng/pht m bo s ng nht ca dung dch.Dung dch ny c bm vo bn trung gian, ti y cht tr lng (bt m v cc

cht ph gia) c cho vo phi trn u vi dung dch va pha long tng cng

s lng trong sut qu trnh lng. Sau hn hp ny c bm qua thit b lng thc

hin qu trnh tch cn (bn ).


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T=40 h

Sau qu trnh lng, nc trong bn trn s c a qua thit b lc kt hp nc

vi tng cng hiu qu lc. Cn phn cn lng (bn ) c a qua h thng ra

b dng nc nng c bm t bn cha nc ngng sau qu trnh c c xt.Dung dch sau khi lc xong s a vo bn cha trung gian c dn thu hi nhit

h nhit ca dung dch xung trc khi a i kt ta.

Ti bn kt tinh, dung dch s c b sung mm kt tinh Al(OH)3t bn phn ly

tng hiu qu kt tinh.NaA02+ 2H20 = Al{OH)2+NaOH

Sau khi kt tinh hn hp ny c a qua h thng phn ly bng cyclon s chia

hn hp thnh hai phn: phn nc pha trn c tun hon v bn cha xt c c,phn pha di em i lc thnh phm.

1.2.5 Cch x l b thi ca nh my ho cht Tn Bnh [11][12]

Thnh phn bao gm:

+ Phn dung dch c 1 - 3g/l Na20; 1 - 3g/l AI2O3.

+ Phn rn c 18 - 22% AI2O3; 40 - 50% Fe23; 3% S1O2...

B thi rn c mu do trong cn cha 1 lng st kh ln, c tnh kim do

lng kim trong khi x l cn d c ra bng nc thi t phn xng axt (c ranhiu ln). B x l xung mng cha ri theo ng mng ny n sn phi.

1.3. GTT THIU CHNG V BN V ZEOLIT [1]

[2] [4] [5] [6] [12] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]1.3.1. Gii thiu bn |12]

Bn d l b thi thu c sau quy trnh sn xut nhm hydrxit.

Nhm l mt kim loi ang c s dng rng ri, n c sn xut bng cch

in phn AI2O3 . c tnh c khong 1 tn nhm c sn xut


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ra th c khong 0,3 - 2,5 tn bn (lng bn thi ra tu thuc vo cht lng ca

qung Bauxit v mt phn vo quy trnh sn xut).

Trn th gii c n 90% nhm oxit c sn xut t qung Bauxit v da vo

quy trnh Bayer. Cht thi rn khng tan trong dung dch hon lu gi l bn thi. Bn

thi t quy trnh Bayer c mu ca khong st gi l bn : l mt hn hp rt mn

cha cc khong ca st, nhm, silic, titan...

Sn lng nhm trn th gii tnh n nm 1983 l 30 triu tn/nm nn lng

bn d thi ra mi trng l rt ln. Nhu cu s dng nhm ngy cng tng ng ngha

vi lng bn thi ra mi trng ngy cng nhiu hn. V th vic nghin cu tn

dng bn thi l mt vn ht sc cp bch v cc k quan trng.

1.3.2. Thnh phn tnh cht ca bn [12]

Thnh phn ho hc ca bn thi thay i tu tng loi qung bauxit v tu vo

phng php thu hi nhm oxit c trong qung. Bn thi l mt hn hp cc oxit ca

nhm, st, silic, titan, kim... v mt s nguyn t khc: gai, vanadi, niken, magi,

crm... vi hm lng vt.

Bn d ca nh my ho cht Tn Bnh c thi ra mng di dng va long; t

l phn trm pha rn khong 20%, cp ht ca bn d rt mn, khiphi kh bn c m

4,17%, t trng 3,37g/cm3, din tch b mt 28.36g/cm2. Thnh phn khong vt chnh

ca bn l gibbsit, goethit, hematit v mt phn nh ilmenit. Hm lng oxit nhm vst cn li kh cao Al203tb~ 2 ,285% v Fe203tb~ 47,4717%

Thnh phn ho hc v thnh phn khong mt s mu bn ca nh my ho cht

Tn Bnh.Bng 3 : Thnh ph n ho hc mt s m u bn ca nh my HCTB :

Mu Thnh phn %

bn Ai2o3 Fe23 Si02 TiO? CaO Na20 K2O


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B1 19,37 47,76 4,3 7,25 0,79 2,38 0,15

B2 16,77 52,8 5,2 6,63 0,86 1,77 0,15

B3 23,59 46,43 4,76 6,06 0,46 1.52 0,1

B4 21,39 48,29 4,66 6,08 0,24 1,87 0,97

B5 23,39 45,73 - - - - -

B6 23,8 43,82 4,16 5,99 0,46 1,79 0,13

Bng 4 : Thnh ph n khong vt ca mt s m u hn

Mu bnThnh phn %

Gibbsit Goethit Hematit Ilmenit

B1 10,18 57,15 18,47 9,28

B2 4,41 57,16 29,04 6,70

B3 13,34 49,56 23,08 9,02

B4 24,9 46,34 20,53 3,27

Bng 5: T l c p ht ca hn

% cp ht pm>80 50-80 20 - 50 2-20


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Titan c thu hi t phn b cn li sau khi ra tch nhm. Vic tchTitan t bn l mt quy trnh khng kh thi v tnh kinh t (chi ph caogp 2 ln so vi vic thu hoi Titan t-cc khong trong t nhin).


Nu bn thi c din tch b mt ring ( xp) ln v kch thc ht nh s gy

kh khn trong qu trnh lng.

1.3.3. Vn s dng bn hin nay [6[16][17]

1.3.3.1. S dng trong lnh vc luyn kim

Vic s dng bn thu hi cc kim loi r nt nht l vic tch st, thu hi

Ti v Al. Ngoi ra cng tch c cc kim loi qu khc nh: V, Ga, Sc... (tnh kinh t

khng cao v hm lng cc nguyn t ny rt thp).

a.

Thu hi khong stC mt s quy trnh trin khai thu hi khong st t bn nh

sau:

V Phng php x cacbon: trn bn vi sa v vi em nung chy, st b

kh v dng c t tnh v thu hi bng phng php tuyn t.

V Nung chy trong l in: trong qu trnh ny c 98% st cha trong Bauxit

c thu hi.

V Nung chy trong l cao: trn bn vi than trong l cao kh st ri sau

thm vi vo kh hon ton.

b.

Thu hi nhm

Khi nung chy bn e thu hi st phn x t qu trnh nung chy c ra

bng dung dch Na2CC>3 thu hi nhm.

c.

Thu hi Titan

Din tch b mt ring 7,3 - 36,4 m2/g

T trng 1,08 - 1,33


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d. Thu hi cc kim loi khc

Cc kim loi qu him nh V, Ga, Sc... cng c th c thu hi t bn hoc

cc giai on khc nhau ca qu trnh Bayer.

'SGalium thu hi t dung dch Caustic Aluminat l kinh t nht.

sVanadium c tch ra t khong st hoc cc phong php chitbang

Amine.

1.3.3.2. Dng lm nguyn vt liu

a.Dng sn xut xi mng Portland

Xi mng Portland cha thnh phn ch yu l cc Silicat v cc Aluminat ca

Canxi v Nhm v Silic. Oxit ca cc kim loi ny c trong bn v th n cng c

xem nh l mt nguyn liu sn xut xi mng. Tuy nhin lng bn s dng cng

c gii hn do hm lng oxt st cha trong kh cao. Thm vo khong 5 -8% bn

c x l trc s lm tng cng lc v gim thi gian ng rn ca xi mng

(nu thm vo long ln hon s c tc dng ngc li).

b.

Dng lm gch

Trn bn vi t st vi t l thch hp (25 - 50%) sn xut gch xy dng s

ci thin mt s tnh cht so vi gch sn xut t t st nh:

'STng cng lc cho vic gia cng trc khi nung.

'SH nhit nung v vy s tit kim c nng lng.

V iu chnh mu sc thch hp bng cch thay i lng bn trong khong

gii hn (25 - 50%).

y l mt hng quan trong trong x l bn . M vo nm 1973 c 350

nh my sn xut ra 18 triu tn gch mi nm, c tnh lng bn s dng cho mc

ch ny khong 4,5 - 9 triu tn/nm.


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c. Sn xut cht n nh

Mt s khong st hay phin nham khi gia nhit b phng ln to thnh cht n

nh. Bn cng c tnh cht trcmg n ny nn ngi ta tin hnh nghin cu v

thu c kt qu: khitrn bn vi st theo t l Bn:St = 50:50 - 90:10 tt nht l

75:25 ri sau nung ln to thnh cht n nh.

y cng l mt hng gii quyt c mt lng ln bn . V ch tnh ring

M (1973) sn lng cht n nh sn xut ra hng nm khong 2,5 triu tn, vy

lng bn s dng tng ng 1,3-2 triu tn/nm.

d.Sn xut tm lp cch m

Trn bn vi thu tinh v mt s loi cht thi rn khc sn xut tm lp

chng chy, cch m v chu s thay i ca iu kin kh hu mi trng tt hn tmlp bng nha hay xenlulo.

e. Sn xut cht keo t

nc Anh trc chin tranh th gii ln th 2 ngi ta x l bn vi

acid HC

hoc H2SO4 m c chit st v nhm oxit thnh cc sunfat hoc cc

clorua c tc dng keo t. Sau phi kh v nghin mn x l nc thi.

f . X l kh thi

Bn d hp th c 90% kh thi H2S v SO2trong cng nghip. Neu trn bn

vi than ch th hn hp ny c th hp th c cc kh S02trong l hi cng nghip.

g.Dng lm cht to mu

Bn c ng dng lm cht to mu cho b tng, thu tinh v sn.

m ca mu sc ph thuc vo hm lng oxit st c trong bn v lng bn c

a vo.1.3.4. Zeolit [1][2][4][5][18]

1.3.4.1. Khi nim, phn loi v cu trc

Zeolit l cc aluminosilicat c cu trc tinh the vi h thng mao qun rt ngu.


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Thnh phn ca zeolit c th uc biu din bng cng thc tng qut:

M2znO.Al2O3.xSiO2.yH2O

Trong : x: t s SO2/AI2O3(x >= 2)

y: s phn t nc, n : ho tr ca cation

Mn+

Cng thc ho hc ca zeolit c biu din didng:

Mx/n.[(A102)x.(Si02)y].zH20

Trong : M: kim loi ho tr n.

y/x: t s nguyn t Si/Al; t s ny thay i tu theo tng loi

zeolit.

z: s phn t H20 kt tinh trong zeolit.

K hiu trong mc vung l thnh phn ca mt mng c s tinh th.

Cutrc khng gian ba chiu ca zeolit c hnh thnh t cc n v s cp l

cc t din TO4 (T = AI hoc Si). Khc vi t din S1O4 trung ho in, mi mt

nguyn t AI phi tr t din trong AIO4, cn tha mt in tch m. V th, khung

mng zeolit to ra mang in tch m v c b tr bi cc cation Mn4nm ngoi

mng. Cc t din TO4 kt hp vi nhau to ra n v cu trc th cp (SBU,Secondary Builiding Unit). Hnh 2 trnh by mt s SB thng gp trong cc cu trc

zeolit. Mi cnh trong SBU biu th mt lin kt cu T-O-T.


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Hnh 2 : Mt s n v cu trc th cp ca zeolit

Cc SBU li kt hp vi nhau to nn cc h zeolit c cu trc tinh th v h

thng mao qun khc nhau. S kt hp gia cc t din TO4 hoc cc SB phi tun

theo quy tc Lowenstein, sao cho trong cu trc ca zeolit khng c cha lin kt cu

Al-O-Al.

Ngui ta phn loi zeolit da theo nhiu tiu ch khc nhau:

- Theo ngun gc: gm zeolit t nhin v zeolit tng hp.

- Theo chiu hng khng gian ca cc knh hnh thnh cu trc mao qun:

gm nhiu zeolit c h thng mao qun mt chiu, hai chiu v ba chiu.

- Theo ng knh mao qun (thng c xc nh t vng ca s mao

qun to nn bi cc nguyn t oxy): gm zeolit mao qun nh (vng 6H-8oxy, ngknh mao qun 0=3H-4A,Vd: ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM- 22); zeolit mao qun rng

(vng 12-^20 oxy, 0= 7-r- trn 15A, v d: faujasit, mordenit, VPI-5, offretit).

- Theo t s Si/Al: gm Zeolit c hm lng silic thp (Si/Al= 1--1.5,v

d: A,X); hm lng silic trung bnh (Si/Al= 2--5, v d: mordenit, chabazit, erionit,

Y); hm lng silic cao (Si/Al > 10, v d: ZSM-5, silicalit).

Tuy c rt nhiu zeolit uc bit, bao gm cc zeolit t nhin v hn 150 cu

trc zeolit tng hp, nhung ch c s t trong chng l c ng dng thung mi. l

mt vi zeolit t nhin (mordenit, chabarit, erinoit, clinoptiolit) v mt s lng ln cc

zeolit tng hp (A,X,Y,L, omega, mordenit tng hp, ZSM-5).

1.3.4.2. Tnh cht hp ph ca Zeolit [4|[5]

Zeolit c kh nng hp ph rt cao nh cu trc tinh th rng, cc khoang trng

chim khong 50% th tch v din tch b mt bn trong cc khoang c th n 1000

m2/g.

Zeolit c kh nng hp ph ln ngay c nhit cao, do nhit cao c cu

tinh th vn bn. Nh vy, c th dng lm cht xc tc cho nhng phn ng nhit cao.

Zeolit ch hp ph nhng cht m kch thc phn t ca chng nh hn kch


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thc ca s i vo tinh th zeolit. y l tnh hp ph chn lc ca zeolit, cn c

gi l ry phn t, do cc ca s i vo tinh th c kch thc rt ng u. p dng

tnh cht ny, s trao i cation c thc hin c c kch thc ca s tinh th

thch hp cho s hp ph mtloi phn t mong mun, c s dng tch cc phn

t c kch thc khc nhau ra khi hn hp ca chng.

Zeolit c kh nng hp ph cao ngay c khi nng cht hp ph rt thp. Do

, zeolit hu nh hp ph hon ton mt tp cht no trong qu trnh phn ng.

Zeolit c kh nng hp ph mnh cc cht phn cc, c bit l nc v hidrocarbon

cha bo ho, do phn cc cc thnh ngn ca b khung to thnh mt th hp ph

tng i ln.

Tnh hp ph v hiu ng ry phn t ca zeolit c p dngvo phng phpphn tch v tinh luyn hn hp kh, loi tp cht trong nguyn liu trc khi a vo

sn xut gim kch thc v bo v thit b cng nh trnh ng c xc tc, tng

cht lng sn phm.1.3.5. ng dng ca zeolit [4] [5]

Vic tm ra zeolit v tng hp c chng to nn bc ngoc ln trong cng

ngh ho hc, ng dng zeolit khng nhng lm tng v c s lng, cht lng ca

cc qu trnh m cn gp phn nng cao hiu sut.

1.3.5.1.

Trong x l mi trng- Zeolit c dng lm cht hp ph cc khthi trong nh my, ng c.

- Zeolit c dng lm cht hp ph cc kim loi nng, c t hu c... trong nc

thi nh my, x nghip.

1.3.5.2. Trong nng nghip

- Ci to t, chng chua, kh cn.

- Nng cao hiu qu phn bn, thuc tr su, dit c tng nng sut vcht lng sn

phm.

- Bo qun mt s nng sn sau thu hoch, lm cht vi lng trong thc n gia sc,

ty u chung tri trong chn nui.


17/73



1.3.5.3. Trong cng nghip

- Cng ngh thc phm: zeolit c dng lm cht lc, sy kh bo qun thc

phm.

- Cng ngh ho du: lm cht tch, xc tc cho cc phn ng trong ha du.

- Cng ngh ho cht: sn xut cht ty ra, x phng.

1.3.5.4. Mt vi ng dng khc

Gn y, zeolit c ng dng lm xc tcbazo cho phn ng iu ch nhin

liu diesel sinh hc, vt liu t tnh...


18/73


S khc bit cn bn gia hp ph vt l v hp ph ho hc l lcgy ra lin kt hp ph. Trong hp ph ho hc cht b hp ph kt hp vi


1.4. GII THIU V QU TRNH HP PH V

PHNG PHP I CH ZEOLIT [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

[9] [10] [15]

1.4.1. Hp ph [2]

Hp ph l mt hin tng ho l thng gp trong t nhin, l qu trnh c

trung xy ra s c ng cc cht hay dung dch trn b mt phn chia pha. Qu trnh

hp ph ch yu xy ra trn b mt tip xc gia cht hp ph v mi trng lin tc

cha cht hp ph. Thng thng, cht b hp ph l cc kh hay cc dung dch cht

tan; cht hp ph thng l cc cht c nhiu l xp (cht rn), cc cht c phn tn

cao vi b mt ring ln (cht lng).Bn cht ca hin tng hp ph l do lc tung tc gia cht b hp ph v

cht hp ph - lc tng tc gia cc cht gy ra hp ph vt l, trao i ion, lc ni

phn t gy ra hp ph ho hc - to ra cc lin kt ho hc.

1.4.1.1. Hp ph vt l

Lc hp ph c bn cht nh lc tng tc phn t (lc cm ng, lc nh

hng, lc phn tn,...) hay lc tnh in.

Hp ph vt l lun thun nghch, l hp ph khng nh v, cc phn t cht b

hp ph c kh nng di chuyn trn b mt cht hp ph. Qu trnh hp ph vt l t

din ra, c the to n lp hoc a lp.

1.4.1.2. Hp ph ho hc

Hp ph ho hc l qu trnh hp ph c thc hin nh lc ho hc, vi

tng tc xy ra mnh hn nhiu ln so vi hp ph vt l. cu trc in t ca phn t

cc cht tham gia qu trnh hp ph ho hc c s bin i su sc v c th dn n

lin kt ho hc.


19/73



b mt bi lc gy ra t s trao i hay chia s electron ho tr. Lc to ra trong hp

ph vt l l ng nht vi lc vt l cu kt a phn t, lc Van Der Waals, xy ra

trong pha rn, lng v hi. Khc bit t nhin ca cc lc gy ra hp ph vt l v hp

ph ho hc to nn s khc bit ca chng nh sau:

Nhit hp ph vt l khong vi kcal/mol, cn i vi hp ph ho hc thn cao hn v rt ng k so vi nng lng lin kt, c th t n 104- 105

cal/mol

Khong nhit xy ra s hp ph ca 2 loi cng khc nhau, hp ph vt lkhng xy ra nhit cao hn nhit si ca pha lng, hi trong khi hp

ph ho hc xy ra mi nhit .

Nng lng hot ho khc bit, hp ph vt l khng yu cu nng lnghot ho trong khi hp ph ho hc th ngc li.

Tnh c trng ca qu trnh cng khc bit, hp ph ho hc xy ra ctrng tu iu kin cn hp ph vt l th khng.

S lp hp ph cng l c im khc bit, hp ph ho hc l n lp cnhp ph vt l l a lp.

1.4.2. ng hc qu trnh hp ph [2]

Qu trnh hp ph xy ra ch yu trn b mt trong ca cht hp ph, v vy qutrnh ng hc hp ph xy ra theo mt lot giai on k tip nhau: khuch tn ca cht

b hp ph ti b mt ngoi, khuych tn bn trong ht hp ph v giai on hp ph

thc s. Trong tt c cc giai on , giai on no c tc chm nht s quyt nh

hay khng ch ch yu ton b qu trnh ng hc hp ph.

Cc qu trnh ng hc hp ph l: qu trnh chuyn khi, khuch tn phn t,

chuyn khi trong h hp ph. Qu trnh hp ph kim loi nng bng cc vt liu hp

ph nghin cu trong lun vn c th m t qua cc giai on sau:

- u tin cc phn t cht b hp ph (cc kim loi nng) tin n b mt cacc ht vt kiu hp ph, y l giai on khuch tn trong dung dch.

- Sau cht b hp ph chuyn ng n b mt ngoi ca vt liu hp ph,

y l giai on khuch tn mng.


20/73



- Tip cc phn t cht b hp ph c gn vo b mt cht hp ph, y l

giai on hp ph tht s.

Trong ni dung nghin cu, co s m t qu trnh ng hc hp ph da trncc gi thuyt sau:

- Qu trnh hp ph xy ra di iu kin ang nhit v l mt qu trnh thun

nghch.

- C ch chuyn khi ca cht b hp ph c din t qua qu trnh khuch

tn.

- Dung dch gn ht hp ph l ng nht.

1.4.3. Phng trnh hp ph ng nhit [2][4]

Trong mt h hp ph, qu trnh hp ph xy ra n lc nng ca cht b hp

ph trong mi trng xung quanh v trn b mt cht hp ph xc lp thnh mt cn

bng ng. ng ang nhit hp ph din bin s ph thuc lng cht b hp ph

trn b mt cht rn vo nng cn bng ca n mi trng xung quanh ti mt

nhit xc nh theo quan h q = fx(p hoc C).

ng ng nhit hp ph l c trung c p dng bao qut nht ca cc

trng thi cn bng ca mt h hp ph v nhng thng tin hu ch c the thu nhn

c t n trong qu trnh hp ph, cht b hp ph v cht hp ph. N gip ta xc

nh din tch b mt, the tch l xp v phn b kch Ihc, tm quan trng ca nhit

hp ph,...

1.4.3.1. Phng trnh Freundlich


21/73



Phng trnh Freundlichbiu din s ph thuc ca hp ph vo p sut hay

nng cn bng ca cht b hp ph trong mt khong p sut hay nng gii hn

no :

Q=KF.Cel,n

LgQ = LgKp + 1/nLgC

Vi: Kp : hng s ph thuc nhit , din tch b mt ring ca cht hp

ph v cc yu t khc.

1/n vi n>l v n: hng s ph thuc nhit .

Q : hp ph ti nng cn bng (mg/g)

ce: nng dung dch cn bng (mg/L)T phng trnh trn ta v th LgQ = f(Ce), thu c h s gc 1/n v tung

gc lgKp ; bn cnh xc nh thm s ph hp ca l thuyt v thc nghim

thng qua h s tng quan R2ca ng thng.

1.4.3.2. Phng trnh Langmuir

Thuyt hp ph n phn t ca kh trn cht hp ph rn c Langmuir a

ra nm 1915. Trn b mt cht hp ph c trng lc ho tr cha bo ho, v vy c

kh nng hp ph cc phn t cht b hp ph nhng v tr ny (trung tm hp ph).

Lc hp ph c bn knh tc dng nh, l lc c bn cht gn vi lc ho hc, nn mi

trung tm ch gi c mt phn t cht b hp ph. Cc phn t cht b hp ph ny

ch tng tc vi b mt cht b hp ph v khng tng tc hay nh hng n cc

phn t khc.

Cc gi nh sau c a ra thit lp phng trnh hp ph:

Cc cht b hp ph hnh thnh mt lp phn t.

Nng lng hp ph cc phn t l ng nht (b mt ng nht).

S hp ph din ra thun nghch.

Tng tc gia cc phn t cht b hp ph vi nhau c th b qua.

Phng trnh hp ph ng nhit Langmuir :


22/73



Q = Qmx Kl


23/73



nhau" th nhng cht phn cc d ho tan trong dung mi phn cc v ngc li v

ho tan gim khi phn t lng cao.

Tng t

-

nh vy cc cht hp ph tng tc vi cht tan v dung mi cngtheo c th trn, th hin qua tnh thm t b mt. Trong nc, b mt cht rn c

phn cc cao th tng tc tt vi nc v c gc thm nc nh hn 90 (khng to

thnh git trn b mt cht rn), ngc li th gi l k nc.

Kh nng hp ph ca cht tan ( cht b hp ph) ln cht hp ph v th trc

ht ph thuc vo tnh tng ng ca cht b hp ph v cht hp ph v phn cc:

cht phn cc hp ph tt trn cht phn cc v ngc li. Mt cht b hp ph c

phn cc cao hn nc th c the hp ph tt trn cht hp ph phn cc (quy tc

Traupen). Khi cng bn cht ho hc m c phn t lng khc nhau th cht c phnt lng ln hn s b hp ph tt hn cc cht cn li.

Hp ph ca cc phn t trung ho v vy khng ch ph thuc vo tng tc

gia cht hp ph v b hp ph m cn ph thuc vo tng tc ca dung mi vi cht

hp ph, khi cp tng tc mnh hn th cp khc s t c kh nng hp ph. c im

ny khng chxy ra gia dung mi vi cht b hp ph m cn i vi gia cc cht b

hp ph vi nhau nht l i vi nc t nhin lun tn ti nhiu cht b hp ph.

i vi mt s cht hp ph c phn cc cao, nh l cc ion kim loi hay cc

dng phc oxy anionth qu trnh hp ph xy ra do tng tc tnh in thng qua lp

in tch kp th hnh nh tung tc c khc hn. Trn b mt cht hp ph hnh thnh

cc lp in tch kp hay lp khuch tn


24/73



cha in tch sp xp ln lt cc loi tri du nhau. Cc ion hoc cc phn t

c phn cc ln b bao bc bi mt lp v ca cc phn t nc, kch thc ca cc

phn t cht b hp ph c nh hng nhiu n kh nng hp ph ca h do tng tc

tnh in. Vi cc ion cng ho tr th loi c kch thc ln s b hp ph tt hn do c

phn cc cao v lp v hydrat nh hn. Ngoi ra kh nng hp ph cc ion c ho tr

cao s tt hn nhiu cc ion ho tr thp.

Bn thn cht hp ph trong mi trng nc cng mang in tch, in tch

thay i du khi thay i pH ca mi trng. Tai pH bng im ng in th din tch

b mt cht rn bng khng. Mt tch in cng ln khi im pH ca h cng xa

im ng in. Vi cc cht hp ph c tnh axit hay baz yu ph thc vo gi tr pH

th n c th mang in tchhay trung ho. Vi cc axit yu th khi pH>pK th n tchin m v khi pH


25/73



aluminat, silicat kim hoc kim th.

- Tng hp zeolit theo phng php tng hp thu nhit t cc ngun khong st

t nhin nh bentonite, kaolinite.1.4.4.2. Phng php tng hp thu nhit -Vn kt tinhZeolit

Zeolit l nhng aluminosilicat ngm nc c hnh thnh trong iu kin thu

nghit. y danh t thu nhit c s dng vi mt ngha rng, bao hm s kt

tinh ca zeolit t mi trng nc c cha cc cu t tham gia phn ng vi thnh phn

ho hc xc nh. Cng trnh u tin v tng hp silicat trong iu kin thu nhit

c Saphote thc hin vo nm 1845. Sau ng tin hnh tng hp "Levinit"

bng cch nung nng dung dch nc K2S1O3 v NaAl2trong ng thu tinh nhit 170c.

Thng thng qu trnh tng hp thu nhit c tin hnh nhit v p sut

cao. Hn hp phn ng c hnh thnh t cc cu t, m thnh phn ca chng tng

ng vi thnh phn ca sn pham mong mun. Hn hp ny c gi trong mt thi

gian xc nh, nhit v p xut xc nh vi s c mt ca mt lng ln nc.

Ngy nay, vic tng hp zeolit thng c tin hnh nhit v p sut

khng cao lm, trong khi bn cht ca cc cht ban u, cc thng s quyt nh vic

to mm kt tinh, thigian kt tinh l nhng yu t quan trng nht quyt nh chtlng ca sn phm nht nh. Qu trnh tng hp zeolit c tin hnh cc iu kin

sau y:


26/73


C ch ny c xem xt bi Zhdanov. ng ta m t cn bng giapha rn v lng, t dn n kt lun: cc nhn tinh the c hnh thnh v


a) Cc hp cht ban u c kh nng tham gia phn ng c th l gel, kt ta hoc

l cc cht rn vnh hnh.

b) pH tng i cao do vic dng cc hydroxit ca cc kim loi kim hoc lcc baz mnh khc.

c) Mc qu bo ho cao i vi cc cu t ca gel dn n s hnh thnh phn

ln cc tinh th mm.

d) iu kin thu nhit nhit thp km theo p sut thp uc to bi hi bo

ho ca nc.

Gel c kt tinh trong h thng thu nhit kn, thng l nhit phng n

nhit 175c. y, p sut thng tng ng vi p sut hi bo ho ca nc

nhit cho. Thi gian kt tinh c th thay oi t mt vi gi n mt vi ngy.

Qu trnh kt tinh gel aluminosilicat trong h Na20-Si02-Al203-H20c th c din

gii theo s nh sau:

NaOH (aq) + NaAl(OH)4(aq) + Na2Si03(aq)

Tj =25cV

/Naa(A102)b(Si02)c.Na0H.H20/ (gel)

T2= 25c - 175cV

Nax/(A102)x(Si02)y/mH20 + dung dch nc t(Zeolite tinh th)

Vn kt tinh zeolit rt phc tp, cho n nay cha c mt c ch chnh xc

no. Tuy nhin cng c mt s gi thit gii thch qu trnh hnh thnh cc zeolit t'

vic kt tinh gel trong iu kin tng hp thu nhit. Ngi ta gi thit rng trong h

u tin hnh thnh nhng tiu phn v nh hnh rn, sau xy ra s kt tinh trong

dung dch.


27/73



ln ln trong pha lng. Gel b ho tan lin tc v nhng phn b ho tan s chuyn thnh

nhn tinh th trong pha lng. nhn c gel hydrat ho, ngi ta thng trn dung

dch aluminat v polysilicat. Cc anion ny s tham gia phn ng polyme ho dn n

s hnh thnh gel trng thi v nh hnh. Thnh phn v cu t ca gel c xc nh

bi cu trc v kch thc ca cc hp phn polyme ho. Bi v cc silicat c th khc

nhau v thnh phn ho hc v s sp xp trng lng phn t, cho nn cu trc gel c

th khc nhau. Do , qu trnh to thnh gel s iu chnh qu trnh to thnh nhn tinh

th ca zeolit.

Kch thc v din tch ca cc cation b hydrat ho cng nh hng n s to

thnh nhn tinh th. Chnh cc cation l trung tm ca s hnh thnh cc n v cu trc

a din. e to thnh cu trc tinh the, cc cu trc aluminat v silicat t rong qu trnh

kt tinh gel cn phi c sp xp li e xy ra qu trnh dcpolyme ho v ho tan gel.

Khi , s kt tinh gel alumosilicat v nh hnh thnh zeolit c the c dn gii theo

hnh 3.

Hnh 3: S biu din qu trnh kt tinh ca zeolit trong h Na20-Al203-

SO2-H2O.

C th tm tt qu trnh kt tinh zeolite theo 4 giai on :

Hnh thnh cc phc n gin v cc phc a nhn.


28/73



To thnh mm cng nh giai on tp hp cc phc.

S to thnh cc mm c nhn tinh th v s pht sinh cc mixel.

Tp hp cc ht ban u thnh on v cu trc ln bng s hp nht c nh

hng ca cc tinh th.

1.4.5. Cc phng php x l kim loi nng trong nc

[3][9][11][18]

C nhiu phong php x l kim loi nng trong nc:

1.4.5.1. Phng php kt ta ho hc

Phcmg php ny da trn phn ng ho hc gia cht a vo nc thi vi

kim loi cn tch, pH thch hp s to thnh hp cht kt ta v c tch ra khi

nc thi bng phng php lng.

1.4.5.2. Phng php trao i ion

Da trn nguyn tc ca phng php trao i ion dng ionit l nha hu c

tng hp, cc cht cao phn t c gc hydrocacbon v cc nhm chc trao i ion. Qu

trnh trao i ion. Qu trnhtrao i ion c tin hnh trong cc ct cationit v anionit.

1.4.5.3. Phng php in ho

Da trn c s ca qu trnh oxy ho kh tch kim loi trn cc in cc

nhng trong nc thi cha kim loi nng khi cho dng in mt chiu chy qua. Bngphng phpny cho php tch cc ion kim loi ra khi nc, khng phi b sung ho

cht, song thch hp vi nc thi c nng kim loi cao (> lg/ 1), chi ph in nng

kh ln.

1.4.5.4. Phng php sinh hc

Da trn nguyn tc mt s loi thc vt, vi sinh vt trong nc s dng kim

loi nh cht vi lng trong qu trnh pht trin sinh khi nh bo ty, bo t ong, to,

... Vi phng php ny, nc thi phi c nng kim loi nng nh hn 60mg/l v

c b sung cht dinh dng (nit, photpho) v cc nguyn t vi lng cn thit

khc cho s pht trin ca cc loi thc vt nh rong to. Phng php ny cn din

tch ln v nu nc thi c ln nhiu kim loi th cho hiu qu x l km.


29/73



Nhn chung nhng phng php ny c nhng u khuyt m khc nhau v c

tnh k thut v gi thnh x l nc nhim kim loi nng. c ng dng mt

phng php x l phi m ho cc tiu ch sau:

Chat lng nc:

Phi m bo x l lm gim lng kim loi nng trong nc xung di mc

gii hn cho php (tu theo tng ngun, tngloi nc s c cc tiu chun khc nhau).

Phi x l c kim loi nng trong iu kin ngun nc c cc thnh phn c

bn khc nh pht pht, sun pht...

Gi thnh kinh t:

Gi thnh x l lm3nc phi khng qu cao.

Ch vn hnh v bo tr:

D vnhnh, bo tr v hn ch thay i pH ca nc trong qu trnh

x l.

Tnh an ton v hiu qu:

Qu trnh vn hnh phi bo m tnh an ton.

Ho cht s dng phi c thu hi v bo qun ng cch.

S chp thun ca x hi v tc ng n mi t~ng:Phng php x l phi c cng ng chp nhn, khng thi ra cc cht gy

hi cho mi trng

1.5. CC PHNG PHP NGHIN C[4][5]

1.5.1. Phong php ph nhiu x tia X

Gin XRD ca cc mu c ghi trn my nhiu x k Siemens D5000

(c), ng pht tia CuKa(1,5406A) c lc tia, in p 35kV, cng dng ng pht

30mA, gc qut 20 thay i t 5 - 60 , tc gc qut 0,25 /pht. tinh th tng i c xc nh i vi zeolit Y nh sau:


30/73



Cng thc:

Tng din tch pic vng 20 ca mu kho st

% Y = -------------------------------------------------- -- -- *100Tng din tch pic vng 20 ca mu chun

Trong : 0 ~ 26,6

1.5.2. Phng php ph IR

Bn cnh pho XRD c th dng ph IR xc nh cu trc pha tinh th ca Vt

liu. Ph IR ca cc Vt liu c xc nh bng k thut p vin vi KBr trn thit b

ca VinKhoa hc Vt liu ng dng.

Cc vch hp th trong vng 200 - 1250 cm'1c quan h vi cc dng khc nhau

ca dao ng lin kt (Si-Al)-04 trong b khung ca zeolit. Theo cch phn loi ca

Flan-igen th cc vch trong vng quang pho hng ngoi bao gm hai dao ng: dao

ng ni ca t din TO4v dao ng lin quan vi lin kt bn ngoi gia cc t din.

n Dao ng ca t din (Si-Al)-04:

1250-950 em'1

720 - 650 cm1

420 - 500 cm'1

n Dao ng lin kt ngoi:


31/73



650 - 500 cm'1 300

- 420 cm'1 750 -

820 cm'1 1050 -

1150 em '

Dao ng th nht thng khng nhy i vi s thay i cu trc, trong khi

th dao ng loi th hai thay i mt cch r rt khi cu trc b bin i. i vi zeolit

loi A, s phn loi ny c biu din nh sau

Hnh 4: Cc dao ng trong zeolit A

c trung nht i vi dao ng ca zeolit l vch hp th trong vng 540

650 em '. Vch ny thng khng c trong ph hng ngoi ca alumosilicat v nh

hnh, cng nh cc zeolit b nung trn 1000c.

iu ng quan tm nht l khi tng t l S1O2/AI2O3trong cu trc mng li

zeolit vch hp th trong vng 580 em'1dch chuyn v pha ga tr ln.

Bn cnh phng php XRD, phng php quang ph hng ngoi cng c th

c dng phn tch cu trc pha tinh th ca vt liu.

1.6. PHNG PHP THC HIN

1.6.1. Ch to cc loi zeolit v vt liu hp ph kim loi nng

Thc hin cc cng on ch to zeolit v vt liu hp ph kim loi nng t

nguyn liu th ban u l Bn . Cc vt liu ch to c s c dng lm nguyn

liu cho cc bc nghin cu k tip theo.

1.6.2.

Kho st tnh cht l ho ca cc vt liuQu trnh kim tra cc tnh cht ca vt liu c tin hnh ngay sau khi vt liu

c ch to xong.

1350 950 650 500 400 300


32/73



Qu trnh ny c thc hin bng cch thc hin cc th nghim xc nh cc

tnh cht l ho ca vt liu nh cu trc, Hnh dng,...

Kt qu ca qu trnh ny s l tin cho vic kho st kh nng hp ph kimloi nng ca cc vt liu.

Cc th nghim kim tra tnh cht l ha ca vt liu c thc hin trn cc

thit b chuyn ngnh vt liu nh my quang ph hng ngoi, my nhiu x k.

1.6.3. Kho st kh nng hp ph mt s kim loi nng cia vt liu

Tin hnh cc th nghim nhm xc nh cc thng s c trng v kh nng

hp ph kim loi nng ca vt liu nh dung lng hp ph, hiu sut hp ph, kho st

s ph hp ca thc nghim theo 2 phng trnh Langmuir v Freundlich.

Tin hnh th nghim vi cc ion kim loi khc nhau vi cc nng khc nhau

trn cc loi vt liu khc nhau trong cng iu kin lm vic, e so snh kh nng hp

ph kim loi nng ca cc loi vt liu.

1.6.4. Kim tra cc kt qua th nghim trn my AAS

Tin hnh phn tch cc mu ban u v qua hp ph trn my AAS- 6800-

Shimadzu xc nh hm lng cc ion kim loi.1.7. TNG QUAN NH MY XI M [8]

Hnh 5 : Cng ty TNHH sx Hip Phc Thnh.


33/73



1.7.1. Gii thiu chung v nh my sn xut xi m:

Tn nh my: Xng xi m, sn v sn xut nha - Cng ty TNHH sx Hip

Phc Thnh.

a ch: L A 4C, KCN Hip Phc, Huyn Nh B, TP HCM.

Hot ng chnh: Sn xut, xi m cc mt hng dn dng v cng nghip.

Cng sut: 3.000.000 sn pham cc loi/nm.

Din tch mt bng: 2.150 m2


34/73


SVTH : Nguyn Th Hcmg Tho Trang 34

Quy trnh sn xut ca nh my:

Hnh 6: Quy trnh sn xut ca nh my xi m Hip Phuc Thnh

1.7.2. Ngun pht sinh nc thi trong sn xut v hng x l

Quy trnh sn xut ti nh my pht sinh nc thi ti khu v sinh sn phm

sau m.

Qu trnh m in hoc trng b mt vi kim loi u lin quan n qu trnnh

l - ho hc. Cc kim loi c s dng cho mc ch ny l: ng, Km, Niken,

Crm... Nh my ch s dng hai loi kim loi chnh trong qu trnh m in l

ng v Niken. Nc thi pht sinh s c hm lng ion kim loi (Cu) dao ng trongkhong t 2,8 n 14 mg/1 nc thi. Tng lng nc thi cho hot ng sn xut

ny khong 40m3/ngy.

Sn ph m nha Sn ph m km loi


35/73


SVTH :Nguyn Th Hng Tho Trang 35

Quy trnh x l nc thi ca nh my:

Hnh 7: Quy trnh x l nc thi ca nh my xi m Hip Phc Thnh

Nc thi ca nh my c x l s b t tiu chuan nc thi loi B (TCVN

5945-1995) trc khi x vo h thng thot nc ca khu cng nghip Hip Phc.

c thi Cu, Ni 2S04 NaHSO^ Nc thi c NaOH PAC

X vo h thng thot nc KCN Hip Phc


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Bng 7: Kt qu phn tch mu nc thi nh my xi m Hip Phc Thnh

Ch tiu

phn tch c im mu

Phng php

phn tch

K t qu on v pH

Niken lng F - AAS 176,63 mg/1 6,68

Km lng F - AAS 0,1 mg/1 6,68

ng lng F - AAS 112.92 mg/1 2.5

Crm lng F - AAS 450 mg/1 2.8


37/73



CHNG 2

THC NGHIM2.1. NGUYN LIU - DNG c - HO CHT

2.1.1. Nguyn liu

Nguyn liu: Bn Nh my ho cht Tn Bnh.

2.1.2. Dng c - Thit b

Thit b: L nung, my p vin, my khuy t, cn phn tch, cn k thut, my

khuy c.

Dng c: Becher lOOOml, bnhtia, ng ong 50ml v 25ml, ng nh git, bnh

nh mc 250ml, giy lc, phu thu tinh, kco nha c np y.

2.1.3. Ho cht

Ho cht: Cao lanh, thu tinh lng, ZnC2, CdS4, Ni(N03)2, dd H2SO4 1:1,

ddNaOH.


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2.2. CH TO VT LIU HP PH KIM LOI NNG V

CC LOI ZEOLIT [2] [17] [18]

2.2.1.

iu ch bn bin tnh

2.2.1.1. Quy trnh tng hp

Hnh 8: Quy trnh tng hp bn bintnh

2.2.1.2. Cch thc hin

sBc 1: Cn 62 gam bn + 26 gam cao lanh +12 gam thu tinh lng trn u

hn hp (trong qu trnh trn ta cho thm mt lng nh nc ct hn hp khng qu

kh). Khi thy hn hp c trn u ta em hn hp i to vin, sau em i phi

kh trong 48 gi.

Bn y p Phi Nung Vtcao vin - kh nhit liu+ thu to trong thch h ptinhln

gi trong 5i

ph


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v' Bc 2: em cc vin hn hp sau khi phi i nung 2 nhit 600c v 750c

trong 5 gi. Sau 5 gi nung ta thu c 2 loi vt liu: vt liu 1 600c l B600 v

vt liu 2 750c l B750.

sem nghin nh 2 vt liu B600 v B750 qua ry.

2.2.1.3. iu ch bn bin tnh: sn phm B600 v B750

a. B600

2.2.2. iu ch zeolit [14] [15]

2.2.2.l. Ho tch

Bn c ly t nh my ho cht Tn Bnh, p, phi. Chun b hn hp gm

: 100 gam bn + 300 mL H2

+ 50 mL dung dch H2SO4 1:1, khuy trong 2gi, lng,

lc, thu c dung dch ho tchc cha nhm v silic.

2.2.2.2. Tng hp zeolit trc tip t dung dch ho tch

Bn Caolanh Thu tinhlng

p vin ->to vin

Phi trong48 gi

Nung 600 V

trong 5 gi

Vt liuhp phB600

b. Hnh 9: Quy trnh iu ch B600 B750

Bn Caolanh Thu tinhlng

p vin ->to vin

Phi trong48 gi

Nung 750VC trong

5 gi

Vt liuhp phB750

Hnh 10: Quy trnh iu ch B750


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NaOHDungdchho

tch

H,

0 L

t>

Dun

alum


41/73



NH20l_

m Si02

NaOHr

[>


42/73



Bng 9: Kho st mu th nghim VZS4

MuSiO?

AI2O3

Na?0

SO2

H?0

Na20

Nhit kt tinh

(C)

Thi gian kt tinh

(gi)

VZS4 3,5 1,2 48 100 4


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H,0

Metacaolanh

NaOHr

'[>Dunalum

kgdchosilicat

Dungdchho tch

Gihogel

K ttinhgel

Lc,ra

pH =8 -

Tinhthzeolit

Mu th nghim c kho st trong iu kin thnh phn cc t l hn hp phn

ng to gel nh bng trn,thi gian kt tinh trong 4 gi.

2.2.2.4. Tng hp zeolit t dung dch ho tch v cao lanh

Chun b hn hp gm : 50,4 gam NaOH + 394 ml H 20 + 50 gam metacaolanh +

150 ml dung dch ho tch. Khuy hn hp trong 2 gi nhit phng, yn hn

hp 24 gi. Ket tinh gel 100c vi cc thi gian khc nhau. Sau khi kt tinh, zeolit

c lc khi dung dch nc t v ra n pH khong 89, sy kh nhit 120c.

Cc tnh ton c trnh by trong ph lc .

Qu trnh tng hptheo so

t>


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Mu th nghim c kho st trong iu kin thnh phn cc t l hn hp phn

ng to gel nh bng trn, thi gian kt tinh trong 5 gi.

2.2.3. Kho st kh nng hp ph kim loi nng ca cc vt liu ch

to

2.2.3.1. Mu nghin cn

Cc th nghim c tin hnh ti Phng Vt liu v Cng ngh Mi trng

thuc Vin Khoa hc Vt liu ng dng. Ti y cc mu dung dch ion kim loi c

to thnh t cc mui NNO3.6H2O, ZnCl2, CdS04.8/3H20. Vt liu chnh dng trong

kho st l VZS4, VZK5, VZC6, B600 v B750. Cc mu trc v sau khi tin hnh

cc th nghim u c kim tra nng .

Chun b cc dung dch Zn2+, Ni2+, Cd2vi cc nng t khong 20 mg/1 n khong140 mg/1.

Liu s dng : 2,5g/l i vi cc mu zeolite 10g/1i vi mu bn .

Qu trnh c thc hin trong iu kinpH = 56ti nhit phng.

2.2.3.2. Phn tch mu

Hm lng ion kimloi c xc nh bng phng php phn tch quang ph

hp thu nguyn t trn my AAS. Phng php ny xc nh hm lng ion kim loi

bng cch a mu trn ln vi nn HNO3 vo my AAS, ti y mu c nguynt ha v chuyn thnh tn hiu in nhn bit c hp thu ca tng mu. Cn c

vo hp thu ca chun v mu, gi tr nng ca tng mu s c xc nh chnh

xc bng phong php lp ng chun ni suy.

2.2.3.3. Th nghim trong b[2]

Th nghim trong b l th nghim ca vt liu di dng tnh, th nghim b

c tin hnh bng cch dng mt lng nh vt liu cho vo bnh c cha mt lng

xc nh cc mu ion kim loi. Trong nghin cn


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ny th tch mu dng cho mt ln th nghim l 250 ml vi cc nng ion kim

loi khc nhau, khi lng vt liu l 62,5 mg i vi cc mu zeolite v 250 mg i vi

cc mu bn .

Dung lng hp ph Q ca cc vt liu c xc nh theo cng thc

sau:

Q = (C0-Ce)V/m(mg/g)

Vi: Co : nng ban u ca dung dch (mg/1)

ce: nng ca dung dch sau hp ph (mg/1)

V : th tch dung dch dng trong th nghim (ml)

m : khi lng vt liu dng trong th nghim (mg)Kho st s ph hp gia thc nghim v l thuyt theo phng trnh Langmuir

v Freundlich.


46/73



CHNG 3

KT QU V BN LUN


47/73


Hnh 15: Ph XRD ca mu B600


3.1. X C NH C U TR C

Cps

12

08.00

2-Theta - Sca 1 e s! EMENS DS000, X-Ray I.ab . , Harai . Al22

Hnh 14: Cc sn phm thu c B750, VZK5, B600, VZC6, VZS4

3.1.1. PhXRD

3.1.1.1. B600


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Hnh 19 : Ph XRD ca mu Zeolite VZS4


Lin

3.1.1.2. B7502-Theta - Scale SIEMENS DS000, X-Ray Lab Hanoi 14:20

Hnh 16: XRD ca mu B750

3.1.1.3. Zeolit ch to trc tip t dung dch ho tch (VZC6)2-Theta - Scale

BQFII: VZCe.row - Typo: 2ThrTh looked - Start: 10.000 ' - End: 60 000 " - Step: 0.050 - Stop time: 1. s - Temp.: 20 'C (Room) -

Time Started: 15 8- 2-Theta: 10.000 - Theta: 5.000 ' - Chi: Operations: Smooth 0.150 | Smooth 0.080 | Strip kAlpha2 0.333 |Background 3.162.1.000 | Import [S]oo-030 0222 (C) - Sodium Aluminum Silicate Hydrate - Na66AI96SI0003B4-216H20 Y: 106.68% - d x by: 1. - WL: 1.5406 - Cubic - a 24.61000 - b 24.61000 - c 24.61000 - alpha 90.000 GF101-O79-1911


49/73

Do an tot nghiep GVHD : TS.Nguyn nh Thnh

T gin ph XRD cho thy, chng ti t ng hp c zeolit Na At dung dch ho tch trong bn , cc cc i nhiu x ph hp vi phXRD tham chiu.


Hinh 17: Pho XRD cua mau zeolite VZC6


50/73


Hnh 19 : Ph XRD ca mu Zeolite VZS4


3.1.1.4. Zeolit ch to t dung dch ho tch v cao lanh (VZK5)

2-Theta - ScaleEZjjFile: Zeollt VZK5.raw - Type: 2Th/Th locked - start: 10.000 * - End: 62.940 - step: 0.010 * - step time: 0.5 8 - Temp.: 25 *c (Room) -

Time Started: 8 8 - 2-Theta: 10.000 - Thota: 6.000 *0') Left Angle: 29.810 - Right Angle: 30.120 * - Left lot.: 5.73 Cps - Right Int.: 4.52 Cps - Oba Max: 29.973 * - d (Obs. Max): 2.97887 Max

In.: 119 Cps - Net Height: 114 Cps - FWHM: o. Operations: strip kAipha2 0.500 I Smooth 0.143 I Background 1.445.1 .ooo I Import@01-086-1630 (C) - Quartz low - SI02 - Y: 94.23 % - d X by: 1 - WL: 1.6406 - Hexagonal - a 4.91410 - b 4.91410 - c 5 40600 - alpha 90.000 -beta 90.000 - gamma 120.000 - Primitive - P312 Lit]00-039-0222 (C) - Sodium Aluminum Silicate Hydrate - Na96AI 6Si960384 216H20 - Y:70.92 % - d X by: 1. - WL 1.5406 - Cubic - a 24.61000 - b 24.61000 -c 24.61000 - alpha 90.000 - b

Hnh 18 : Ph XRD ca mu zeolite VZK5

T gin ph XRD cho thy, chng ti tng hp c zeolit Na A t dung dch

ho tch trong bn , cc cc i nhiu x ph hp vi ph XRD tham chiu.

3.1.1.5. Zeolit ch to t dung dch ho tch v thu tinh lng (VZS4)

ggnie: VZS4.raw - Type: 2Th/Th locked - Start: 10.000 * - End: 60.000 * - Step- 0.050 * - Step time: 1.8- Temp.: 25 *C (Room) - TimeStarted: 14 a - 2-Theta: 10.000 " - Theta: 5.000 * - Cil: Operations: Smooth 0.110 | Strip kAlpha2 0.364 | Background 1.778.1.000 | Import

@00-039-0219 (C) - Sodium Aluminum SIHcate Hydrate - Na6ASI10O32 12H20 - Y: 81.35 % - d x by: 1. - WL: 1 5406 - Tetragonal - a 1004300 - b 10.04300 - c 10.04300 - alpha 90.000- b


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Hnh 21 : Ph IRca mu Zeolite VZK5


3.1.2.1.Zeolt ch to trc ti p t dung dch ho tch (VZC6)

4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500Wavenumber cm-1

D:\Backup\OPUS_NT\MEAS\2006\THANH\061406\THANH.6 VZC6 RAN

3.1.2.2.Zeolit ch to t dung dch ho tch v cao lanh (VZK5)

I ------------------------------------ 1 ---------------------- 1 -------------- I I ---------------------- I I

4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

Wavenumber cm-1

D:\Backup\OPUS_NT\MEAS\2006\THANH\0G2006\THANH.0 VZK5 Ran

T gin ph XRD cho thy, chng ti tng hp c zeolitNaP t dung dch ho

tch trong bn d, cc cc i nhiu x ph hp vi ph XRD tham chiu.

3.1.2. PhIR

Hnh 20: Ph IR ca mu Zeolite VZC6


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Hnh 22 : Ph IR ca mu Zeolite VZS4

Ket qu phn tch cho thy cc mu Zeolit tng hp c kt qu ph hp vi cc dao

ng trong ph tham chiu.

3.2.

KHO ST KH NNG HP PH KIM LOI NNG CAVT LIUSau y l cc s liu v biu th hin kt qu ca th nghim.

3. .2.3.Zeolit ch to t dung dch ho tch v thu tnh lng (VZS4)

D:\Backup\OPUS_NT\MEAS\2006\THANH\061406\THANH.1 VZS4 RAN

Bng 11: Bi u di n t n s dao ng ca m u

Lin ktTn s dao ng(em ')

Mu tham chiu VZC6 VZK5 VZS4

Si-O 1019 995,37 1006,5 991,37

Si-O 789 795,97 746,57

AIOH 722 691,19 692,28

Si-O-Al 575 560,28 553,63

Si-O 455 460,74 476,66 455,24


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3.2.1. Zeolit ch to trc tip t dung dch ho tch-VZC6

3.2.1.1. S liu phn tch nng cc ion kim loi trc v sau khi b hp

ph bi VZC6Cc s liu phn tch nng v hiu sut c th hin Bng 12.

Bng 12:s liu phn tch n ng cc ion kim loi h p ph bi VZC6

c0(mg/l) ce(mg/l) Q (mg/g) Ce/Q(g/1) IgCe IgQ Hiu sut (%)

Zn

134,90 5,53 51,748 0,107 0,74 1,71 95,90

112,25 11,43 40,328 0,283 1,058 1,606 89,82

66,9 0,72 26,472 0,027 -0,143 1,423 98,9

38,32 0,01 15,324 0,001 -2,0 1,185 99,97

27,27 1,05 10,488 0,10 0,021 1,021 96,15

Cd

120,15 0,41 47,896 0,009 -0,387 1,68 99,66

87,08 0,57 34,604 0,016 -0,244 1,539 99,35

85,4 0,15 34,10 0,004 -0,824 1,533 99,82

36,75 0,18 14,628 0,012 -0,745 1,165 99,51

29,61 0,29 11,728 0,025 -0,538 1,069 99,02

15,16 0,27 5,956 0,045 -0,569 0,775 98,22

Ni

133,90 6,55 50,956 0,129 0,816 1,707 95,11

119,40 4,0 46,168 0,087 0,602 1,664 96,65

62,44 0,57 24,748 0,023 -0,244 1,394 99,09

47,76 0,23 19,012 0,012 -0,638 1,279 99,52


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VZ C6 - Z n

15

VZ C6 - Cd y = 0.0277X - 0.0008

R2= 0.9469

Ce(mg/I)Ce(mg/I)

Phng trnh Langmuir : -=4Q QmQmKL

Xy dng th Ce/Q = f(Ce), thu c ng thng c: H s gc: /Qm v Tung

gc: l/Qm.KLy = 0.0239X - 0.0013 R2= 0.9831

Hnh 23: th biu din s hp ph ca VZC6theo phong trnh Langmuir

Dung lng hp ph cc i v cc h s c trnh by trong bng 13

24,82 0,04 9,912 0,004 -1,398 0,996 99,84

3.2.1.2. Kho st theo phng trnh Langmuir

Bng 13: Cc h s phng trnhLangmuir

Mu Qmax (mg/g) KL R2

VZC6-Zn 41,84 -18,39 0,9831

VZC6-Cd 36,10 -34,63 0,9469

VZC6-Ni 53,19 2,32 0,9950


55/73


Hnh 24 : th bi u din s hp ph ca VZC6 theo phong trnh Freundlich


y = 2.34 75X *2.2 85 R2= 0.7

05 8

t* Nhn x t :- H s tng quan R2 1 cho thy kt qu thc nghim tung i ph hp vi l

thuyt hp ph n lp ca phng trnh Langmuir.

- Dung lng hp ph cc i tng theo th t :

VZC6-Cd < VZC6-Zn < VZC6-N1

3.2.13. Kho st theo phng trnh Freundlich

Phng trnh Freundlich : LgQ=1 / nLgC +LgKF

Xy dng th lgQ = f(lgCe), ta thu c ng thng c:

- H s gc: 1/n

- Tung gc: lgkF


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Bng 20: Cc h s phng trnhFreundlich


Nhn xt :

- i vi mu VZC6-Zn v VZC6-Ni th R2 1cho thy s ph hp gia thc

nghim v phng trnh Frendlich.

- i vi mu VZC6-Cd th R2= 0,7058 cho thy s hp ph khng ph hp

lm vi phng trnh Frendlich.

3.2.2. Zeolit ch to t dung dch ho tch v cao lanhVZK5

3.2.2.1. So liu phn tch nng cc ion kim loi trc v sau khi b hp ph

bi VZK5

Mu 1/n KF R2

VZC6-Zn 0,1369 28,46 0,9977

VZC6-Cd 2,3475 193,06 0,7058

VZC6-Ni 0,3211 29,067 0,9964

Cc s liu phn tch nng v hiu sut c th hin Bng 15 Bng 15: s liu phn

tch nng cc ion kim loi hp ph bi VZK5

Co(mg/l) Ce(mg/) Q(mg/g) Ce/Q(g/) lgCe LgQ Hiu sut(%)

134,90 4,07 52,332 0,078 0,61 1,719 96,98

112,25 3,91 43,336 0,09 0,592 1,637 96,52

Zn 66,9 0,18 26,688 0,007 -0,745 1,426 99,73

38,32 0,24 15,232 0,016 -0,62 1,183 99,37

27,27 0,21 10,824 0,019 -0,678 1,034 99,23

120,15 0,99 47,664 0,021 -0,004 1,678 99,18

Cd 87,08 0,35 34,692

0,01 -0,456 1,54 99,60

85,4 0,11 34,116 0,003 -0,959 1,533 99,87


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Dung lng hp ph cc i v cc h s c trnh by trong bng 16

36,75 0,04 14,684 0,003 -1,398 1,167 99,89

29,61 0,01 11,84 0,001 -2,00 1,073 99,97

15,16 0,04 6,048 0,007 -1,398 0,782 99,74

133,90 6,00 51,176 0,117 0,778 1,709 95,52

119,40 6,20 45,288 0,137 0,792 1,656 94,81

Ni 62,44 1,31 24,452 0,054 0,117 1,388 97,90

47,76 0,14 19,048 0,007 -0,854 1,28 99,71

24,82 0,23 9,836 0,023 -0,638 0,993 99,07


th kho st cc m u theo phng trnh Langmuir

Hnh 25 : thbiu din shp phca VZC6 theophng trnh Langmuir


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Hnh 26 : th biu din s hp ph ca VZK5 theo phng trnh Freundlich

Nhn xt:

- H s tng quan R2 1 cho thy kt qu thc nghim tng i ph

hp vi l thuyt hp ph n lp ca phng trnh Langmuir.


VZK5-Cd < VZK5-Zn < VZK5-N1.

3.2.2.3. Kho st theo phng trnh Freundlich th

kho st cc mu theo phng trnh Freundlich


VZK5-Zn 54,05 1,814 0,9701

VZK5-Cd 50,00 12,50 0,9861

VZK5-Ni 54,35 0,776 0,9909


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Nhn xt :

- Cc gi tr R2 1 cho thy s ph hp gia thc nghim v phoTig trnh

Frendlich.

3.2.3. Zeolit tng hp t dung dch ho tch v thu tinh lng -

VZS4

3.2.3.1. S liu phn tch nng cc ion kim loi trc v sau khi b hp

ph bi VZS4

Cc s liu phn tch nng v hiu sut c th hin Bng 18

Mu 1/n KF R2

VZK5-Zn 0,4583 25,363 0,9698

VZK5-Cd 0,3186 46,968 0,9793

VZK5-Ni 0,0184 1,056 0,9909

Bng 18: s liu phn tch n ng cc lon kim loi h p ph bi VZS4

Co(mg/l) Ce(mg/1) Q(mg/g) Ce/Q(g/1) IgCe LgQ Hiu sut(%)

134,90 1,97 53,172 0,037 0,294 1,726 98,54

112,25 0,86 44,556 0,019 -0,066 1,649 99,23

Zn 66,90 0,31 26,636 0,012 -0,509 1,425 99,54

38,32 0,83 14,996 0,055 -0,081 1,176 97,83

27,27 1,31 10,384 0,126 0,117 1,016 95,20

120,15 0,31 47,936 0,006 -0,509 1,681 99,74

Cd87,08 0,29 34,716 0,008 -0,538 1,541 99,67

85,40 0,21 34,076 0,006 -0,678 1,532 99,75

36,75 0,45 14,520 0,031 -0,347 1,162 98,78


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Hnh 27 : th bi u din s hp ph ca VZS4 theo phng trnh LangmuirDung lng hp ph cc i v cc h s c trnh by trong Bng 19

th kho st cc mu theo phng trnh Langmuir

29,61 0,72 11,556 0,062 -0,143 1,063 97,57

15,16 0,78 5,752 0,136 -0,108 0,76 94,85

133,90 2,57 52,548 0,049 0,41 1,721 98,08

119,40 2,00 46,968 0,043 0,301 1,672 98,32

Ni 62,44 0,53 24,764 0,021 -0,276 1,394 99,15

47,76 0,07 19,076 0,004 -1,155 1,28 99,85

24,82 0,09 9,892 0,009 -1,046 0,995 99,64



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Hnh 28 : th bi u din s hp ph ca VZS4 theo phng trnh Freundlich


Nhn xt :

- H s tng quan R2 1 cho thy kt qu thc nghim tung i ph hp vi

l thuyt hp ph n lp ca phng trnh Langmuir.


VZS4-Cd < VZS4-Ni < VZS4-Zn.

3.2.3.3.

Kho st theo phng trnh Freundlich

th kho st cc mu theo phng trnh Freundlich


VZS4-Zn 65,79 2,269 0,9968

VZS4-Cd 8,68 -5,384 0,9868

VZS4-Ni 63,29 1,58 0,9835


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Nhn xt :


Frendlich.

3.2.4. B600

3.2.4.1. So liu phn tch nng cc on kim loi trc v sau khi b

hp ph bi B600

Cc s liu phn tch nng v hiu sut c th hin Bng 21 Bng 21: s

liu phn tch nng cc ion kim loi hp ph bi B600

Mu 1/n KF R2

VZS4-Zn 0,3798 43,21 0,9544

VZS4-Cd -0,8998 7,98 0,9659

VZS4-Ni 0,4991 33,243 0,9995

c0(mg/l) ce(mg/l) Q(mg/g) Ce/Q(g/1) IgCe LgQ Hiu sut(%)

134,90 42,63 9,27 4,599 1,63 0,967 68,40

112,25 24,88 8,737 2,848 1,396 0,941 77,84

Zn 111,25 3,93 10,732 0,366 0,594 1,031 96,47

38,32 0,39 3,793 0,103 -0,409 0,579 98,98

27,27 0,27 2,70 0,10 -0,569 0,431 99,01

120,15 24,83 9,532 2,605 1,395 0,979 79,33

87,08 11,29 7,579 1,49 1,053 0,88 87,03

Cd 78,44 5,14 7,33 0,701 0,711 0,865 93,45

36,75 2,59 3,416 0,758 0,413 0,534 92,95

29,61 0,45 2,916 0,154 -0,347 0,465 98,48


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Hnh 29 : th bi u din s hp ph ca B600 theo phng trnh LangmuirDung lng hp ph cc i v cc h s c trnh by trong bng 22


15,16 0,09 1,507 0,06 -1,046 0,178 99,41

Ni

133,94 11,39 12,26 0,929 1,057 1,088 91,50

105,75 10,45 9,53 1,097 1,019 0,979 90,12

62,44 7,78 54,66 0,142 0,891 1,738 87,54

47,76 1,43 4,633 0,309 0,155 0,666 97,01

24,82 0,14 2,468 0,057 -0,854 0,392 99,44

3.2.4.2. Kho st theo phng trnh Langmuir th kho st cc m u theo phng trnh Langmuir


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* 1*Nhn xt :




B600-Zn < B600-Cd < B600-N

3.2.43. Kho st theo phng trnh Freundlich

th kho st cc mu theo phng trnh Freundlich

Hnh 30 : thbiu din shp phca B600 theo

phng trnh Freundlich SVTH : Nguyn ThHng Tho

Trang 62


B600-Zn 9,242 2,528 0,9983

B600-Cd 10,526 0,317 0,9707

B600-N 12,24 0,681 0,9446


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Nhn xt :


Frendlich.

3.2.5. B750 :

3.2.5.1.

So liu phn tch nng cc ion kim loi trc v sau khi b hp

ph bi B750

Cc s liu phn tch nng v hiu sut c th hin Bng 24

Mu 1/n KF R2

B600-Zn 0,1942 4,567 0,998

B600-Cd 0,3219 3,472 0,995

B600-N 0,3122 4,423 0,9931

Bng 24: s liu phn tch n ng cc ion kim loi h p ph hi B750

C0(mg/1) ce(mg/l) Q(mg/g) Ce/Q(g/1) lgCe LgQ Hiu sut(%)

134,90 21,96 11,29 1,945 1,342 1,053 83,72

112,25 11,92 10,03 1,188 1,076 1,001 89,38

Zn 111,25 1,19 11,006 0,108 0,076 1,042 98,93

38,32 0,23 3,809 0,06 -0,638 0,581 99,4027,27 0,16 2,711 0,059 -0,796 0,433 99,41

120,15 13,10 10,705 1,224 1,117 1,03 89,10

87,08 2,74 8,434 0,325 0,44 0,93 96,85

Cd 78,44 0,4 7,804 0,051 -0,398 0,892 99,49

36,75 0,59 3,616 0,163 -0,229 0,558 98,39

29,61 0,27 2,934 0,092 -0,569 0,467 99,09


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Hnh 31 : th biu din s hp ph ca B750 theo phng trnh LangmuirDung lng hp ph cc i v cc h s c trnh by trong bng 25


00jgQ yn y 0.0887x+0.0431

RF= 0.9961

E750- Cd y-0.0697x+0.0554

F? =0.9031

Gfe(rl)

3.2.5.2. Kho st theo phong trnh Langmur

th kho st cc mu theo phng trnh Langmuir

15,16 0,02 1,514 0,013 -1,699 0,18 99,87

Ni

133,94 8,57 12,54 0,683 0,933 1,098 93,60

105,75 1,55 10,42 0,149 0,19 1,018 98,53

62,44 4,34 5,81 0,747 0,637 0,764 93,05

47,76 0,08 4,768 0,017 -1,097 0,678 99,83

24,82 0,04 2,478 0,016 -1,398 0,394 99,84


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*1*Nhn xt :




B750-Cd < B750-Zn < B750-N3.2.53. Kho st theo phng trnh Freundlich th kho

st cc mu theo phng trnh Freundlich

Hnh 32 : thbiu din shp phca B750theophng trnh Freundlich


B750-Zn 11,274 2,058 0,9961

B750-Cd 11,148 1,619 0,9931

B750-N 12,82 4,699 0,9994


68/73

Bng 23: Cc h sphng trnhFreundlich



Nhn xt :


Frendlich.

3.3. KHO ST KH NNG HP PH CA VT LIU

TRN MU NC THI XI M

Trong ti ny chng ti ch quan tm phn tch cc kim loi Km, Niken v

Cadimi. Khi phn tch mu nuc thi nh my xi m Hip Phuc Thnh c Km,

Niken, Crm v ng nn chng ti ch lm 2 th nghim hp ph trong be vi 2 loi

kim loi nng Niken v Km.

Cch thc hin:

Liu s dng : 2,5g/1 i vi cc mu zeolite (VZS4, VZC6, VZK5)

10 g/1 i vi mu bn (B600, B750)

Thc hin quy trnh th nghim trong b i vi mu nc thi nh my xi mv cc mu vt liu hp ph B600, B750, VZS4, VZC6, VZK5.

Mu 1/n Kp R2

B750-Zn 0,2715 5,014 0,9797

B750-Cd 0,303 4,606 0,9902

B750-N 0,2132 8,502 0,9644


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Hnh 33 : M hnh minh ho qu trnh hp ph trong b trn mu nuc thi xi m, vi

thi gian lu 24 gi ti nhit phng.

Sau 24 gi, lc mu,dung dch sau lc o nng cn li trn my quang ph hp

thu nguyn t-AAS.

Bng 27: Hiu sut hp ph kim loi Niken (CQ= 176,63 mg/)

Nhn xt:

- Hiu sut hp ph khong 80%

- Hiu sut hp ph nh hon so vi cc mu gi, c the gii thch iu

ny l do s nh hng ca nhng yu t khc trong mu nc thi nh :

s c mt ca cc phc cht, cht to mu, cc ion kim loi khc c mt

trong dung dch.

K hiumu

Nng sau hpph (mg/1)

Hiu sut

(%)

VZS4 25,34 85,65

VZC6 29,42 83,34

VZK5 27,03 84,70

B600 36,05 80,72

B750 32,64 81,52


70/73



Bng 28: Hiu sut hp ph kim loi Km (Co0,1 mg/l)

KPH: khng pht hin, nng < 0.01 mg/1 Nhn xt:

- V hm lng Zn ban u qu thp nn sau khi hp ph hiu sut t 100%.

K hiumu

Nng sau hpph (mg/1)

Hiu sut

(%)

VZS4 KPH100

VZC6 KPH 100

VZK5 KPH 100

B600 KPH 100

B750 KPH 100


71/73



CHNG 4

KT LUN V KIN NGH


72/73



KT LUN

Sau qu trnh nghin cu chng ti rt ra c mt s kt lun sau :

Ch to c 3 loi vt liu l VZC6, VZK5 v VZS4. Trong VZC6 v

VZK5 l zeolit NaA, VZS4 l zeolit NaP.

Ch to c 2 loi vt liu hp ph kim loi nng l B600 v B750.

Kho st kh nng hp ph cc kim loi Zn, Cd,Ni : kt qu cho thy nhn

chung hiu sut hp ph > 90%, cc kt qu thc nghim cng kh ph hp

vi hai phong trnh Langmuir v Freundlich.

Cc kt qu kho st kh nng hp ph trn mu nc thi xi m c hiu

sut >80%.

Cc kt qu trn chng t cc qu trnh m chng ti thc hin c th

lm co s cho vic trin khai nghin cu, sn xut vt liu hp ph t

ngun bn ph thi vi quy m ln hn, gp phn gii quyt vn

khan him ngun ti nguyn thin nhin ca nc ta. Ti s dng ngun

bn thi ca nh my ho cht Tn Bnh khc phc vn nhim mi

trng hin nay ca cc khu dn c xung quanh nh my.KIN NGH

Trong qu trnh thc hin ti, bn thn ti c rt nhiu c gng song cha

the hon tt tht tt mi vn t ra. i vi ti ny, trong iu kin cho php ti


73/73


xin c mt s kin ngh :

i vi vic ch to zeolit v bn , t quy m phng th nghim cn

c nng ln quy m sn xut ln hn. Ngoi th nghim hp ph trong b chng ta nn lm thm hp ph trn

ct,nhm xc nh lu lng v thi gian hp ph thch hp.

i vi nc thi c hm lng kim loi nh th zeolit v bn c kh

nng hp ph tt. Kin ngh nh my xi m nn lp t thm b hp ph

cho nc sau lc nhm nng cao kh nng x l nc trong giai on

ny.

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