Ngu Phap Tieng Anh Tom Luoc - Tu Loai - p1

KHA NG PHP C V MAI PHNG

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1. V D M U

She is a beautiful girl (beauty)

Article Adjective Noun

NOUN

2. NHNG QUY TC C BN

+ Danh t l t c hu t: -tion, -sion, -er, -or

+ Tnh t l t c hu t: -able, -ful, -less, -al

+ Trng t thng thng c hu t: -ly

3. NI DUNG CHNH:

3.1. NOUNS

3.1.1. Definition: Noun is a word used as the name of a person, thing, animal, place

Ex: Student (person) Blackboard (thing)

Cat (animal) Countryside (place)

3.1.2. The ways to form a noun:

FORM EXAMPLES

OR

a- Verb + ER

AR

- sailor, actor - teacher, driver, viewer, singer - beggar, liar

ION

b- Verb + ING

MENT

- action, invention, liberation, conclusion - writing, making, liking, cooking, learning - movement, development, investment, punishment, amusement

c- Noun/ Adjective + DOM - kingdom, freedom, wisdom

d- Noun/ Adjective + HOOD - boyhood, neighborhood, childhood, brotherhood, falsehood.

e- Noun/ Adjective + ISM - capitalism, patriotism, terrorism, heroism, communism.

- socialism, racialism, colonialism.

NESS

f- Adjective + TY

ITY

- happiness, laziness, illness, sickness - cruelty, loyalty, difficulty - possibility, ability, capability, curiosity

g- Verb + ANT - assistant, accountant, applicant, contestant

NG PHP TING ANH TM LC

T LOI P1



h- Adjective Noun - angry - brave

- deep

- famous

- high

- true

- just

anger bravery depth fame height truth justice

- long

- proud

- terrible

- young

- hot

length pride terror youth heat

i- Verb Noun - choose - prove

- sing

- enter

- feed

- renew

- speak

- sell

- bury

choice proof song entry food renewal speech sale burial

- live

- strike

- advise

- fail

- laugh

- sit

- see

- die

- lose

life stroke advice failure laughter seat sight death loss

3.1.3. The functions of a noun

3.1.3.1- Subject: - This girl is intelligent.

3.1.3.2- Object: - She eats a banana.

3.1.3.3- Complement: - He is a footballer.

3.1.3.4- Appositive: - Mr. David, a famous doctor, is my fathers friend.

3.1.3.5- Object of a preposition: - Everybody is interested in sports.

3.1.3.6- Adjective: - The Vietnam War is different from any other one.

3.2. ADJECTIVES

3.2.1. Definition: Adjective is a word that modifies a noun. It usually stands before a noun.

Ex: a horse a charming room

an apple a furnished house

this old house

3.2.2. The way to form an adjective:

FORM EXAMPLES

Noun Adjective - choir - circle

- union

- fashion

- honor

- notice

- reason

- value

- terror

- sense

- horror

- access

- luxury

choral circular united fashionable honorable noticeable reasonable valuable terrible sensible horrible accessible luxurious

- neglect

- picture

- charity

- gold

- wool

- wood

- earth

- North

- West

- fury

- glory

- melody

- mystery

neglected picturesque charitable golden woolen wooden earthen Northern Western furious glorious melodious mysterious



- victory

- vapor

- variety

- danger

- advantage

- mountain

- venom

- peril

- caution

- citrus

- fortune

- apprehension

victorious vaporous various dangerous advantageous mountainous venomous perilous cautious citreous fortunate apprehensive

- prosper

- bounty

- clamor

- murder

- disaster

- courage

- volume

- mischief

- advent

- affection

- authority

- intuition

prosperous bounteous clamorous murderous disastrous courageous voluminous mischievous adventitious affectionate authoritative intuitive

Verb Adjective - abhor - obey

- absorb

- notice

- compel

- please

- learn

- vacate

- marvel

- strain

- quarrel

- benefit

- abuse

- collect

- create

- decide

- describe

- affirm

- image

- deceive

abhorrent obedient absorbent noticeable compelling pleasing learned vacant marvelous strenuous quarrelsome beneficial abusive collective creative decisive descriptive affirmative imaginative deceptive/ deceitful

- vary

- accept

- admire

- choose

- volunteer

- unite

- comply

- grieve

- prosper

- study

- meddle

- criticize

- attend

- compete

- destroy

- express

- extend

- decorate

- inform

various acceptable admirable choosy voluntary united compliant grievous prosperous studious meddlesome critical attentive competitive destructive expressive extensive decorative informative

Noun FUL - harmful - handful

- pocketful

- useful

- peaceful

- successful

- basketful

- helpful

Noun LESS - childless - harmless

- odorless

- hopeless

- useless

- helpless

- homeless

- noiseless

- thoughtless

Noun LY - manly - yearly

- brotherly

- fatherly

- hourly

- daily

Noun LIKE - lifelike - warlike

- statesmanlike

- childlike

- godlike

Noun Y - silvery - sandy

- dirty

- snowy

- starry

- healthy



- crafty

- rainy

- faulty

- silky

- shadowy

- wintery

Noun ISH - foolish - childish

- selfish

- amateurish

Noun AL - central - accidental

- traditional

- occasional

- personal

- optional

- natural

- magical

- industrial

- agricultural

Noun Adjective - difference - patience

- independence

- vigilance

- distance

- circumstance

- volcano

- sympathy

- hero

- giant

- energy

- metal

- poet

- academy

- anemia

- athlete

- quarrel

- trouble

- choir

- circle

- picture

- charity

- fashion

- honor

- notice

- reason

- sense

- horror

- gold

- wool

- glory

- apprehension

- intuition

- abhor

- obey

- absorb

- acquiesce

different patient independent vigilant distant circumstantial volcanic sympatric heroic gigantic energic metallic poetic academic anemic athletic quarrelsome troublesome choral circular picturesque charitable fashionable honorable noticeable reasonable sensible horrible golden woolen glorious apprehensive intuitive abhorrent obedient absorbent acquiescent

- venom

- volume

- peril

- mischief

- caution

- advent

- citrus

- affection

- fortune

- authority

- mystery

- victory

- prosper

- vapor

- variety

- bounty

- clamor

- danger

- murder

- disaster

- advantage

- courage

- mountain

- wood

- earth

- North

- West

- fury

- benefit

- criticize

- abuse

- attend

- collect

- compete

- create

venomous voluminous perilous mischievous cautious adventitious citreous affectionate fortunate authoritative mysterious victorious prosperous vaporous various bounteous clamorous dangerous murderous disastrous advantageous courageous mountainous wooden earthen Northern Western furious beneficial critical abusive attentive collective competitive creative

Verb Adjective - admire - notice

admirable noticeable

- decide

- express

decisive expressive



- choose

- volunteer

- compel

- learn

- comply

- vacate

- grieve

- marvel

- study

- quarrel

choosy voluntary compelling learned compliant vacant grievous marvelous studious quarrelsome

- extend

- select

- affirm

- decorate

- image

- inform

- deceive

- meddle

extensive selective affirmative decorative imaginative informative deceptive/ deceitful

meddlesome

3.2.3- The uses of adjective

3.2.3.1- Attribute adjective (tnh ng) b ngha cho danh t pha sau:

Ex: intelligent student

large room

big house

3.2.3.2- Predicative adjective (v ng) ch tnh cch ca ch ng nh nhng ng t BE/ LINKING,

VERBS (become/ get/ look/ seem)

Ex: - My brother is young.

- You look tired.

3.2.3.3- Object compliment (b ngha cho tn ng) ch tnh cch ca tn ng nh cc ng t: find,

make, set, keep, leave

Ex: I found this lesson difficult.

The sun keeps us warm.

3.2.3.4- The adjective must be placed after the noun of time, of measurement or words (something,

anything, nothing)

Ex: Twenty years old

Five yards long

Nothing strange

I didnt notice anything wrong with him.

3.3- ADVERBS

3.3.1- Definition: Adverbs express how, when, or where an action is done.

3.3.1.1- Adverbs of manner: express how an action is done.

actively calmly fast late together so

alone somehow carefully anyhow also how

Ex: We went to school together.

The birds sang sweetly.

3.3.1.2- Adverbs of time: express when an action is done.

today once before since now soon always seldom

rarely already early ago then often sometimes

Ex: It often rains in the tropics.

I have never seen a seahorse.

3.3.1.3- Adverbs of place: express where an action is done.



here in out above below past under far everywhere

down up around along way upstairs near there

Ex: I followed him everywhere.

Come in.

3.3.2- The positions of adverbs

3.3.2.1- Adverbs which modify the meaning of adjectives or other adverbs are placed before the word

modified.

Ex: She is very beautiful.

(Adj)

He sings very well.

(Adv)

3.3.2.2- Adverbs which modify the meaning of a whole sentence are placed at the beginning of the

sentence.

Ex: Usually we go to school by motor cycle.

3.3.2.3- Adverbs which modify the meaning of verbs.

Ex: He is running fast.

I live here.

I am speaking now.

3.3.3- The way to form adverbs:

Notes:

- There is a change of the final vowel when necessary.

Ex: lucky luckily

happy happily

slow slowly

- Some adverbs have the same form as adjectives.

Ex: - I went to New York by a fast train.

(Adj)

- He ran fast.

(Adv)

- We were late for school.

(Adj)

- We went to school late.

(Adv)

3.4- VERBS

3.4.1- Definition: A verb is a word or a group which expresses an action or state of being.

3.4.1.1- Transitive verb: is one which is used with an object.

Ex: The waiter brings coffee. (Object)

The student learns English. (Object)

ADJECTIVE + LY ADVERB OF MANNER



3.4.1.2- Intransitive verb: is one which is used without an object. It can not be used in the passive voice.

Ex: The sun rises.

The baby is sleeping.

Notes:

- Most of English verbs are used both transitively and intransitively.

Ex: - The boy rings the bell.

- The bell rings.

- The girl is singing a song.

- The girl is singing.

- Few verbs are used transitively or intransitively.

Ex: - The boy lays the book. (Object)

- The boy is lying on the table.

- He sets the bird free.

- He sits on the chair.

3.4.1.3- Auxiliary verb: Auxiliary verb is one which helps other verbs to form tenses, moods or voices.

- The auxiliary verbs: be, will, shall, do, did.

Ex: - He is studying English.

- She will come to the party.

- An apple is eaten by Mary.

- They have gone away.

- Tom doesnt understand the lesson.

3.4.1.4- Modal verb: Modal verb is one which cant conjugate in all tenses, and moods.

- The modal verbs are: will, shall, can, may, might, need, dare, used to, ought to

Ex: - He can swim.

- Cant he swim?

3.4.2- The ways to form verbs:

FORM EXAMPLES

NOUN VERB - camp - circle

- courage

- danger

- roll

- slavery

- tomb

- power

- calm

- friend

- company

- custom

- actor

- creator

- addition

- circulation

- competition

- composition

encamp encircle encourage endanger enroll enslaver entomb empower becalm befriend accompany accustom act create add circulate compete compose

- horror

- justice

- liquid

- terror

- belief

- blood

- brass

- glass

- deceit

- deed

- endurance

- food

- gold

- grief

- growth

- knee

- knowledge

- life

horrify justify liquefy terrify believe bleed braze glaze deceive do endure feed gild grieve grow kneel know live



- description

- dictation

- division

- education

- illustration

- imitation

- obligation

- provision

- solution

- suspicious

- liberty

- wreath

- bath

- breath

- cloth

- bright

- broad

- sweet

- trial

- dirt

- beauty

- class

- glory

describe dictate divide educate illustrate imitate obligate provide solve suspect liberate wreathe bathe breathe clothe brighten broaden sweeten try dirty beautify classify glorify

- pleasure

- product

- proof

- relief

- sale

- shelf

- song

- speech

- success

- thought

- price

- tale

- colony

- drama

- moisture

- nation

- sympathy

- vandal

- vapor

- vitality

- vacancy

- vaccine

please produce prove relieve sell shelve sing speak succeed think prize tell colonize dramatize moisturize nationalize sympathize vandalize vaporize vitalize vacate vaccinate

ADJECTIVE VERB - deep - dark

- fat

- short

- sharp

- straight

- tight

- wide

deepen darken fatten shorten sharpen straighten tighten widen

- large

- modern

- simple

- cool

- full

- hale

- weak

enlarge modernize simplify cool fill heal weaken

4. P DNG THC TIN:

4.1- SUBJECT + VERB + ADJ/ ADV/ NOUN.

4.1.1- Subject + be/ linking verbs + Adjective (linking verbs: become, look, seem, turns out, find, make,

set, keep)

4.1.2- Subject + Verb + Adverb

Ex: - The flowers are fresh. (Adj)

- Peter ran faster than I did. (Adv)

- We are late for school. (Adj)

- We go to school late. (Adv)

- I feel interested in this book. (Adj)

4.1.3- Subject + Verb + Noun



mo t (a/an/the) Adj Noun

- T ch nh (this/ that/ these/ those).

- T bt nh (some/ many/ any).

- T s hu (my/ her/ our/).

Ex: - She is a beautiful girl. (beauty)

- He has a preference for English novels. (prefer)

4.1.4- Subject + Verb + the + Adjective (Dng nh danh t)

Ex: - Our pupils are raising money for the poor. (poor)

Adj

- The rich are always selfish. (rich)

Adj

- Ngoi cc tnh t thng thng, ta cng c th s dng ng t: Past participle (V_ed / V2), Present

participle (V_ing)

- Present participle: dng nh tnh t mang tnh ch ng b ngha cho danh t tc ng, danh t gy

ra hnh ng .

- Past participle: dng nh tnh t mang tnh b ng, b ngha cho danh t nhn ly s tc ng hnh

ng (ngoi s phn bit v ngha, ta cn c th cn c vo hnh thi ca ch ng).

Ex: It was a very exciting football match. (excite)

present participle

Subject (thing / animal)

The children were excited in Christmas day. (excite)

past participle

Subject ( person / people)

4.2- SUBJECT + VERB + TO VERB (INFINITIVE)

Ex: - I like George but I think he pretends to talk too much.

- I decide not to go out because of the weather.

Notes:

- Dare + bare infinitive / to Verb (infinitive)

- Darent + bare infinitive

Ex: - I wouldnt dare ask him.

- I would not dare to ask him.

- I darent tell him what happened.

4.3- SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + TO VERB (INFINITIVE)

afford, want, forget, arrange, need, ask, dare, agree, attempt, tend

learn (how), plan, decide, pretend, threaten, appear, offer, expect,

advise / allow / ask / beg / encourage / hate / intent / invite

/ would like / need / persuade / remind tell / want / warn

/ expect / help / would prefer / order / force / enable.



Ex: - Remind me to phone Ann tomorrow.

- I got Jack to repair my car.

4.4- SUBJECT + VERB + BARE INFINITIVE

Ex: - I would rather do it later.

- He can solve the problem.

4.5- SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + BARE INFINITIVE

Ex: - His mother makes him to go to bed at 9 oclock.

- The teacher had his students do homework.

4.6- SUBJECT + VERB + V-ING

Ex: - I dont fancy going out this evening.

- Ill do the shopping when I have finished cleaning the flat.

- When Im on holiday, I enjoy not having to get up early.

Notes:

- Dng V_ing sau cc thnh ng:

Its no use

Its no good

Theres no point in

Its (not) worth

(have) difficulty

a waste of time / money

spend / waste (time)

Ex: - I had difficulty finding a place to live.

- I spent hours trying to repair the clock.

- Chng ta dng V_ing sau ng t go ch mt s hot ng (th thao).

go shopping go sailing go climbing go fishing

can / could / may / might / ought to / have to / would rather

have / let / help / make / get

cant bear / cant help / cant stand / finish / enjoy / mind / suggest

/ fancy / image / risk / give up / stop / put off / delay / postpone /

carry on / continue / go on / regret / admit / avoid / consider /

involve / practice / miss / hate / love / like / dislike



go swimming go sightseeing go skiing go riding

4.7- VERB + TO INFINITIVE / V-ING

4.7.1- Love, like, begin, start, intend, continue + to V(infinitive) / V_ing

(khng c s thay i ngha ng k)

4.7.2- C mt s ng t va theo sau l V_ing hoc to infinitive c s thay i ngha:

+ Verb + to V(infinitive): mang ngha ca mt mc ch, mt s nh hoc mt trch nhim trong

tng lai.

+ Verb + V_ing: din t mt s vic din ra trong qu kh.

- REMEMBER + To V(infinitive): nh thc hin

- REMEMBER + V_ing: nh li s vic c thc hin

Ex: - He remembers to lock the door.

- He remembers locking the door.

- TRY + To V(infinitive): c gng thc hin

- TRY + V_ing: th lm

Ex: - Im very tired. I tried to keep my eyes open but I couldnt.

- Ive got a terrible headache. I tried taking an aspirin but it didnt help.

- STOP + To V(infinitive): dng li lm vic g

- STOP + V_ing: t b lm mt vic g

Ex: - Stop talking in the class!

- He stopped to smoke a cigarrete. But it was so windy that he failed to do it.

- REGRET + To V(infinitive): hi tic lm vic g

- REGRET + V_ing: hi tic lm vic g

Ex: A: I regret to inform that you failed the exam.

B: Oh, dear! I regret not studying hard.

- NEED + To V(infinitive): cn thit lm vic g

- NEED + V_ing: cn c lm

Ex: - I need to take more exercises.

- The batteries in the radio need changing / to be changed.

Notes: CC CP NG T SAU: permit = allow (cho php)

advise = recommend (khuyn bo)

C hai cch vit cho ng t trn:

SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + TO VERB (INFINITIVE)

SUBJECT + VERB + V_ING

Ex: - The police didnt allow us to go there.

- The police didnt allow going there.

- The doctor recommended me to take that medicine before meals.

- The doctor recommended taking that that medicine before meals.

- TO BE ALLOWED / PERMITTED + TO DO SOMETHING: c php lm g

Ex: - You arent allowed to use the office phone for personal calls.

- She was allowed to visit him.



4.8- SUBJECT + VERB + IT + ADJ / NOUN + TO VERB (INFINITIVE)

Ex: - He doesnt think it interesting to talk with John.

- They considered it a great honor to be invited to your wedding party.

4.9- NOUN / V-ING / TO VERB (INFINITIVE) + V + O

Ex: - To succeed in an examination is not an easy thing.

- Swimming is a good sport.

- Speech is silver but silence is gold.

4.10- ADV + S + V +O (V tr thng thng ca trng t nm cui cu, u cu, hay gia ty theo

v tr ca trng t cn in)

Ex: - Have you finished the final report yet?

- She looks thin but actually she is very healthy.

- Im extremely sorry for the delay.

- Computers are recent achievements in our time. I have read these scientific papers recently.

Documents

Ngu Phap Tieng Anh Tom Luoc - Tu Loai - p1