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Ny EU & UNECE lagstiftning
om tunga fordons ljudnivåer
23 September 2015
Tekniska nämndhuset
Stockholm
Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
Seminarium om tystare busstrafik
1
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
Tystare busstrafik - är det möjligt och i så fall hur?
Seminarium om buller och busstrafik 23 Februari 2011, Armémuseum, Stockholm
Development of a New Global Type Approval Test Procedure
for Motor Vehicles With Regard to Their Noise Emissions
(Method B*)
Data Analysis of the Monitoring Phase of ECE/EU 2007-2010
UNECE WP 29
* Method B same as ISO362-1:2007
2015-09-23
2
Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
Seminarium om tystare busstrafik
Tystare busstrafik - är det möjligt och i så fall hur?
Seminarium om tystare busstrafik 28 November 2014, Armémuseum, Stockholm
Development of a New Global Type Approval Test Procedure
for Motor Vehicles With Regard to Their Noise Emissions
(Method B*)
ISO362-1:2007
Regulation (EU) No 540/2014
Draft UNECE Regulation No 51 Series 03
* Method B same as ISO362-1:2007
2015-09-23
3
Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
Seminarium om tystare busstrafik
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
4
Seminarium om tystare busstrafik
Overview of the Presentation
Historical background of traffic noise regulations in EU/UNECE
Research on traffic and traffic noise
The new test method for heavy duty vehicles (Trucks & Buses)
Status of legal action
Other measures
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
5
Seminarium om tystare busstrafik
Overview of the Presentation
Historical background of traffic noise regulations in EU/ECE
Research on traffic and traffic noise
The new test method for heavy duty vehicles (Trucks & Buses)
Status of legal action
Other measures
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Year of Entry into Force
75
80
85
90
95
Ma
xim
um
So
un
d E
mis
sio
n,
dB
(A)
HDV > 150 kW
HDV >75 kW and < 150 kW
1: 70/157/EWG (1970) 2: 77/212/EWG (1.10.1982)
3: 81/334/EWG (1.10.1985) 4: 84/424/EWG (1.10.1990) 5: 92/97/EWG (1.10.1996)
1
2 3
4
5
- 11 dB(A)
Limit values of commercial vehicles
Category M2, M3, N2 and N3
City Bus
2015-09-23
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Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
250m Major noise emission from high loaded streets
Noise mapping according to 2002/49/EEC
Example: Zuffenhausen, DE
2015-09-23
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Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
Sound levels of typical every day events
2015-09-23
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Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
9
Seminarium om tystare busstrafik
Overview of the Presentation
Historical background of traffic noise regulations in EU/ECE
Research on traffic and traffic noise
The new test method for heavy duty vehicles (Trucks & Buses)
Status of legal action
Other measures
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
10
What is wrong with the actual type approval test ?
Why does the actual test not help to make traffic more quiet ?
Environmental noise burdens
Typical noise emissions in real life
Burdens from traffic noise
Noise exposure to people
How are vehicles driven in real traffic ?
What are the typical speeds, accelerations and engine
conditions ?
Research on traffic and traffic noise was
made in different directions
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
fleet share propulsion noise rolling noise total noise
perc
enta
ge o
f vehic
les/n
ois
e e
mis
sio
n e
nerg
y
motorcycles
scooters
trailer trucks
rigid trucks
light duty vehicles
cars
residential 30 km/h
7:00 to 19:00
EU-Projekt WG8 Traffic Noise Calculation Study (TRL & RWTÜV 2004)
Noise emission in real urban traffic
(residential areas)
6 %
Rolling noise
Propulsion noise
To be simulated by
Method B
48 %
2015-09-23
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Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
Noise emission in real traffic
(0 km/h to 60 km/h)
Tyre/Road Noise
Propulsion noise
T/R Noise is dominating:
> 60km/h for commercial vehicles
To be simulated by
Method B
Source: M&P
GRB34-Inf09
2015-09-23
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Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
Vehicle Speed distribution from a 2 hours Journey in Urban Streets
N2 Vehicle loaded at 50% of Maximum load - Average speed 33km/h
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
10Km/h 20Km/h 30Km/h 40Km/h 50Km/h 60Km/h 70Km/h
Driving Speed (Source ACEA CVN Manufacturer)
Fre
qu
en
cy i
n p
erc
en
tag
e
A target speed of 35 km/h ± 5 km/h was chosen.
Typical driving behaviour of a truck
in urban traffic
2015-09-23
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Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
5% 15% 25% 35% 45% 55% 65% 75% 85% 95% 105% 115%
Normalized engine speed (n-nidle)/(s-nidle)
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
No
rma
lize
d e
ng
ine
po
wer
Trucks, 150kW<= Pn <= 225kW
30km/h <= v <= 60km/h
Typical driving behaviour of a truck
in urban traffic
2.8-3.5%
2.5-2.8%
2.1-2.5%
1.8-2.1%
1.4-1.8%
1.1-1.4%
0.7-1.1%
0.4-0.7%
0.0-0.4%
Driving Time
Source: FIGE
To be simulated by
Method B
2015-09-23
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Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
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Seminarium om tystare busstrafik
Overview of the Presentation
Historical background of traffic noise regulations in EU/ECE
Research on traffic and traffic noise
The new test method for heavy duty vehicles (Trucks & Buses)
Status of legal action
Other measures
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
16
Method A
Scope (UNECE R51.02):
To reproduce the sound levels which
are generated by vehicles during full
throttle acceleration without any load
Method B
Scope (UNECE R51.03):
To reproduce the sound levels which
are generated by vehicles during
normal driving in urban traffic
Comparison
Method A and Method B
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
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Method A
Further reductions of the sound limit
values (UNECE R51.02) do not result
in a quieter urban environment
Method B
The reduction of the limit values
(UNECE R51.03) from phase 1 to
phase 3 by 3 - 4 db(A) reduces the
noise level in the urban environment
by approximate 1.8 dB(A) as
simulations have shown
Comparison
Method A and Method B
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
18 18
5% 15% 25% 35% 45% 55% 65% 75% 85% 95% 105% 115%
Normalized engine speed (n-nidle)/(s-nidle)
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
No
rma
lize
d e
ng
ine
po
wer
Trucks, 150kW<= Pn <= 225kW
30km/h <= v <= 60km/h
2.8-3.5%
2.5-2.8%
2.1-2.5%
1.8-2.1%
1.4-1.8%
1.1-1.4%
0.7-1.1%
0.4-0.7%
0.0-0.4%
Driving Time
Source: FIGE
* Method A: Today’s measurement procedure as implemented in Directive 92/97/EEC or UNECE R51.02
Method B for vehicles of
category M2 (GVW > 3.500 kg), M3, N2 & N3
For the pass by-test according to Method B, the objective is
to measure noise level in line with the noise emission of the
vehicle in urban areas.
To achieve the urban driving conditions, the new test
procedure is based on the following parameters:
vehicle acceleration
vehicle speed
engine speed
Outline for Method B for vehicles of
category M2 (GVW > 3.500 kg), M3, N2 & N3
2015-09-23
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Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
Vehicle acceleration
The pass-by noise test is carried out in Wide Open Throttle (WOT)
condition
Target vehicle speed
The vehicle target speed for the test at BB‘ has been defined as
35 km/h ± 5 km/h
Target engine speed
At the end of the test, when the reference point* is passing the test
area at BB‘, the engine speed shall be between 70% and 74% of S** for
M2 (GVW > 3500 kg) and N2 vehicles and between 85% and 89% of S**
for M3 and N3 vehicles.
* The reference point is the border of the engine closest to the front of the vehicle
** Rated engine speed S at which the engine develops its rated maximum net power
Keystones for Method B for vehicles of
category M2 > 3.500 kg, M3, N2 & N3
2015-09-23
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Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
Noise Emission of HCV in urban areas Most important noise sources
simulated by Method B
Gearbox
Exhaust
Powertrain
Engine
2015-09-23
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Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
Noise Emission of HCV in urban areas Most important noise sources
simulated by Method B
Gearbox
Engine
Powertrain Exhaust
2015-09-23
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Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
• Related to that urban traffic condition, which is most representative
• for the specific vehicle category
• for the noise exposure to the majority of citizens
• All important noise sources of the vehicles are addressed
• Adaptable procedure for future requirements
• Targets are independent from vehicle design and is therefore applicable
to future technologies, like hybrid engines, continuously variable
transmissions, etc ...
• Reported value can be used for calculation on traffic
in planning departments
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
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Benefits from the new test procedure
Method B
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
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Seminarium om tystare busstrafik
Overview of the Presentation
Historical background of traffic noise regulations in EU/ECE
Research on traffic and traffic noise
The new test method for heavy duty vehicles (Trucks & Buses)
Status of legal action
Other measures
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
25
TNO Study ACEA Study
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
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11-13 liters; 300-450 kW
13-16 liters; 440-550 kW 7-9 liters; 180-250kW
9-13 liters; 250-400 kW
4-7 liters; <180kW 4-7 liters; <180kW
ACEA Monitoring Data Base (Corrected to Normal Tyres): dB(A) = f(P(kW))
180kW 250kW
Vehicle categorization N3
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
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City: 7-9 liters; 180-230 kW (244-310 hp)
City: 5-7 liters;
160-195 kW (190-240 hp)
City: 7-9 liters;
200-250 kW (270-340 hp)
City: 2-3 liters;
90-125 kW (190-240 hp)
Vehicle categorization M3
Legal Process EU & ECE
New types new
limit
values
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
ECE-Monitoring
EU-Monitoring
Impact Assessment Official Proposal for Limits by COM
New types
Uncertainty
We were here
The first application of the new regulation can be assumed in roughly 3 years from now.
The UNECE WP29
Time Frame for introduction of UNECE R51.03
2015-09-23
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Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
Seminarium om buller och busstrafik
07 Februari 2011, Armémuseum, Stockholm
Ongoing
Legal Process EU
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
ECE-Monitoring
EU-Monitoring
Impact Assessment Official Proposal by COM
Phase 1 New types
New limit values for vehicles of category M3 & N3:
Introduction of sound level reductions in three phases 2016, 2020 and 2026
The UNECE WP29
Time Frame for introduction of UNECE R51.03
2015-09-23
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Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
R(EU)540/2014 into force
R51.03 prelim Legal Process UNECE
We are here
Decided
Ongoing
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
R(EU) No 540/2014 into force
Phase 1: New vehicle types
Phase 2: New vehicle types
Phase 2: First registration
Phase 3: New vehicle type
Phase 3: First registrati
UNECE R51.03 into force (goal)
The Commission shall carry out and publish a detailed study on sound level limits by 1 July 2021 (Article 11 R(EU) No 540/2014)
ISO362-1:2015 published
Proposal for Amendments to the 03 series of Amendments to R51 by IWG adopted by 61st session of GRB
Revision of ISO362-1:2007 finalized
Other Contracting Parties are invited to conduct similar studies in the future and to transmit their outcomes to GRB
Proposal for a consolidated version of R51.03 adopted by WP29 and AC.1
Decided
Ongoing
Status of introduction R(EU) no 540/2014 & UNECE R51.03
+ two years for new vehicle type and + one year for new vehicles registration: Phase 2: N2 / Phase 3: M2, M3, N2, N3
2015-09-23
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Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
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(2) + 2 år för nya fordonstyper och + 1 år för registrering av nya fordon
Gränsvärden för fordon of kategorin M3
Förordning (EU) nr 540/2014
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
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Limit values for vehicles of category M3
Regulation (EU) no 540/2014
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Pn ≤ 150kW 150kW < Pn ≤ 250kW Pn > 250kW
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
33
Noise mapping according to 2002/49/EEC
Example: Stockholm, SE
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
34
Seminarium om tystare busstrafik
Overview of the Presentation
Historical background of traffic noise regulations in EU/ECE
Research on traffic and traffic noise
The new test method for heavy duty vehicles (Trucks & Buses)
Status of legal action
Other measures
Noise from Road
transport
STRUCTURES:
Roads, city planning, etc.
MANAGEMENTS: Traffic
management, enforcement, etc.
SOURCES: Cars, buses,
commercial vehicles, etc.
DRIVER: Education,
vehicle maintenance
Railway Noise from
Outdoor machinery
Aircraft
2015-09-23
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Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
Global approach:
Sound reduction requires joint actions!
(13) Buller är ett mångfacetterat problem med flera olika
orsaker och faktorer som påverkar det ljud som människor
uppfattar och hur detta ljud påverkar dem. Fordons ljudnivå
beror delvis på den omgivning de används i, särskilt på
väginfrastrukturens kvalitet, och därför krävs ett mer
integrerat angreppssätt. Direktiv 2002/49/EG innehåller krav på
regelbundet upprättande av strategiska bullerkartor för bland
annat större vägar. Informationen från dessa kartor skulle
kunna ligga till grund för framtida forskningsarbete om
omgivningsbuller i allmänhet och vägbeläggningsbuller i
synnerhet, för riktlinjer för bästa praxis i fråga om teknisk
vägkvalitetsutveckling och för en klassificering av
vägbeläggningstyper, om så är lämpligt.
(13) Förordning (EU) nr 540/2014
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
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Exempel för ett integrerat angreppssätt:
Klassificering av vägbeläggningstyper
Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski
__________________________________________
Senior Technical Manager
External Sound, Emission & Legislation
Truck Chassis Development
SCANIA CV AB
SE-15187 Södertälje
Sweden
Tel: +46 (0)8 553 82158
Fax: +46 (0)8 553 85604
Mail: [email protected]
Chairman of the ACEA Working Group Commercial Vehicle Noise
Co-Chairman of the OICA Noise Committee (GEB)
Thank You!
37
2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski