Obesity Obesity ＆ ＆ FitnessFitness

Speaker:Speaker: 曾意烜曾意烜指導老師：陳彥文指導老師：陳彥文

OutlineOutline

10 Facts of Obesity10 Facts of Obesity Presence Of Risk Factors For ObesityPresence Of Risk Factors For Obesity High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise and Fat LosHigh-Intensity Intermittent Exercise and Fat Los

ss Moderate-Intensity Exercise and Fat LossModerate-Intensity Exercise and Fat Loss The type of MovementThe type of Movement ParametersParameters ReferencesReferences

10 Facts of Obesity10 Facts of Obesity

1.1. WHOWHO 對「過重和肥胖」的定義是：身體脂肪異對「過重和肥胖」的定義是：身體脂肪異常或過量的累積造成健康的損害。常或過量的累積造成健康的損害。

2.2. 目前全球約有目前全球約有 1010 億名成人過重，若再不採取預億名成人過重，若再不採取預防肥胖的行動，預測到防肥胖的行動，預測到 20152015 年將有超過年將有超過 1515 億成億成人過重。人過重。

3.3. 全球約有全球約有 4,2004,200 萬萬 55 歲以下兒童過重歲以下兒童過重。。4.4. 全球因過重和肥胖導致死亡的人數高於體重過輕全球因過重和肥胖導致死亡的人數高於體重過輕

造成的死亡人數造成的死亡人數。。5.5. 肥胖往往是因為攝取的熱量與消耗的肥胖往往是因為攝取的熱量與消耗的

熱量不平衡熱量不平衡。。

6.6. 環境和社區的支持，對於預防肥胖十分重要環境和社區的支持，對於預防肥胖十分重要。。7.7. 兒童選擇的飲食習慣和運動習慣，均受其周圍環兒童選擇的飲食習慣和運動習慣，均受其周圍環

境影響。境影響。8.8. 健康的飲食有助於預防肥胖。健康的飲食有助於預防肥胖。9.9. 規律運動有助於維持身體健康規律運動有助於維持身體健康。。10.10. 要遏制全球流行的肥胖問題，必需以各民族為基要遏制全球流行的肥胖問題，必需以各民族為基

礎，進行與其文化有關的礎，進行與其文化有關的，，多知識和跨領域的合多知識和跨領域的合作。作。

Presence Of Risk FactorsPresence Of Risk Factors For Obesity For Obesity

This discrepancy may be associated This discrepancy may be associated with changes in hormone levels that with changes in hormone levels that occur with menopause. occur with menopause.

Additionally, young females perform Additionally, young females perform much of the housing work in China, but much of the housing work in China, but perform less physical activity in old age. perform less physical activity in old age.

Our binary logistic regression results show that Our binary logistic regression results show that obesity was significantly associated with obesity was significantly associated with high blhigh blood pressureood pressure, , high cholesterol levelshigh cholesterol levels, , high triglyhigh triglyceridescerides, a , a fatty liverfatty liver, , living in urban settingliving in urban setting, and , and a a high level of educationhigh level of education..

It contributes to steatosis and high lipids and chIt contributes to steatosis and high lipids and cholesterol in the blood, leading to atherosclerosiolesterol in the blood, leading to atherosclerosis, the narrowing of blood vessels due to deposits, the narrowing of blood vessels due to deposition of fatty materials in coronary arteries.ion of fatty materials in coronary arteries.

Obesity increases the risk of diabetes because Obesity increases the risk of diabetes because it increases insulin resistance, which leads to it increases insulin resistance, which leads to glucose intolerance.glucose intolerance.

Thus, obesity is associated with CVD risk factoThus, obesity is associated with CVD risk factors, making it a significant emerging health prors, making it a significant emerging health problem.blem.

High-Intensity Intermittent ExerciHigh-Intensity Intermittent Exercise and Fat Lossse and Fat Loss

Research examining the effects of HIIE has prodResearch examining the effects of HIIE has produced preliminary evidence to suggest that HIIE uced preliminary evidence to suggest that HIIE can result in modest reductions in subcutaneocan result in modest reductions in subcutaneous and abdominal body fat in young normal weus and abdominal body fat in young normal weight and slightly overweight males and females.ight and slightly overweight males and females.

The length of both the sprint and recovery perioThe length of both the sprint and recovery periods has varied from 6 s to 4min.ds has varied from 6 s to 4min.

Most commonly the sprints are performed on a Most commonly the sprints are performed on a stationary cycle ergometer at an intensity in excstationary cycle ergometer at an intensity in excess of ess of 90% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).90% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).

The most utilized protocol in past research haThe most utilized protocol in past research has been the s been the Wingate testWingate test which consists of 30 s which consists of 30 s of all out sprint with a hard resistance [13].of all out sprint with a hard resistance [13].

This protocol amounts to 3 to 4 min of cycle exThis protocol amounts to 3 to 4 min of cycle exercise per session with each session being typiercise per session with each session being typically performed 3 times a week.cally performed 3 times a week.

This protocol, although remarkably short in duThis protocol, although remarkably short in duration, is extremely hard and subjects have to ration, is extremely hard and subjects have to tolerate significant discomfiture.tolerate significant discomfiture.

Thus, the Wingate protocol is likely to be Thus, the Wingate protocol is likely to be unsuitable for most overweight, sedentary unsuitable for most overweight, sedentary individuals interested in losing fat.individuals interested in losing fat.

That insulin resistance has recently been That insulin resistance has recently been shown to primarily be located in leg shown to primarily be located in leg muscle [62] suggests that HIIE exercise muscle [62] suggests that HIIE exercise that focuses on the legs is likely to show that focuses on the legs is likely to show the greatest insulin sensitivity increases.the greatest insulin sensitivity increases.

In conclusion, regular HIIE produces significanIn conclusion, regular HIIE produces significant increases in aerobic and anaerobic fitness ant increases in aerobic and anaerobic fitness and brings about significant skeletal muscle adad brings about significant skeletal muscle adaptations that are oxidative and glycolytic in naptations that are oxidative and glycolytic in nature.ture.

HIIE appears to have a dramatic acute and chrHIIE appears to have a dramatic acute and chronic effect on insulin sensitivity.onic effect on insulin sensitivity.

Moderate-Intensity Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Exercise and Fat LossFat Loss

PA may play a role in the primary PA may play a role in the primary prevention of weight gain,prevention of weight gain, and the US and the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans (4) Dietary Guidelines for Americans (4) recommendsrecommends 60 min of moderate-intensity 60 min of moderate-intensity PAPA for the prevention of weight for the prevention of weight gain.gain.

More recent literature reviews conclude More recent literature reviews conclude that PA rangingthat PA ranging from from ~150–250 min/week~150–250 min/week results in results in weight loss of <3 percentweight loss of <3 percent of of initial body weight (3,5).initial body weight (3,5).

Two recent comprehensive reviews of Two recent comprehensive reviews of the literature have reported that PA the literature have reported that PA interventions result in a modest interventions result in a modest decrease in body weight.decrease in body weight.

The current study demonstrated that a The current study demonstrated that a prescribed dose of 150 min/week or 300 prescribed dose of 150 min/week or 300 min/week of PA resulted in <2% weight min/week of PA resulted in <2% weight loss in overweight adults.loss in overweight adults.

Weight gain was also accompanied by an Weight gain was also accompanied by an increase in abdominal adiposity, which increase in abdominal adiposity, which has been shown to increase risk of has been shown to increase risk of chronic health conditions such as chronic health conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes (24).cardiovascular disease and diabetes (24).

In summary, the mean change in body In summary, the mean change in body weight resulting from an intervention that weight resulting from an intervention that promotes 150–300 min/week of promotes 150–300 min/week of moderate- intensity PA with no reduction moderate- intensity PA with no reduction in energy intake is <2.0 kg.in energy intake is <2.0 kg.

Exercise training studies with overweight and Exercise training studies with overweight and obese youth have shown that they can reduce obese youth have shown that they can reduce their body fatness by participating in physical their body fatness by participating in physical activity that is at least moderate intensity on activity that is at least moderate intensity on

3 to 5 days a week, for 30 to 60 minutes each ti3 to 5 days a week, for 30 to 60 minutes each time.me.

ParametersParameters

Intensity was prescribed as moderate to Intensity was prescribed as moderate to vigorous, which was defined as vigorous, which was defined as 55–85% of 55–85% of age-predicted maximal heart rateage-predicted maximal heart rate or or 11–15 11–15 on the 15-point rating of perceived on the 15-point rating of perceived exertion scaleexertion scale..

The type of movementThe type of movement

References

http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/obesity/en/ Hindawi Publishing Corporation ； Journal of Obesity ；

Volume 2011, Article ID 868305, 10 pages DIAB-4956; No. of Pages 6 VOLUME 19 NUMBER 1 | january 2011 （ www.obesityjourna

l.org ）

2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Chapter 2. Physical Activity Has Many Health Benefits 12 Chapter 3. Active Children and Adolescents 18 Chapter 4. Active Adults 2323

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