OOOO Prijevod

7/23/2019 OOOO Prijevod

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Archaeological museum and its founder Frane Bulic

The pPearl among European museums was established by the decree of the Dalmatian

government in 18! and its his first showroom was in a dilapidated and long dDemolished

bBuilding pril"ubl"eno" along the outside of the eastern city walls# $n 18%8& this important

museum published the first volume of the archeology "ournal 'ews (ournal of Dalmatian

Archaeology and )istory& which has& till this day& *ept itsthe profile and reputation# +hen #

+hen the head of the museum in 188, came the greatest -roatian archaeologist of all time&

Don Frane Bulic& stood ats the head of the museum in 188,& he began the painsta*ing

endeavor of building a new appropriate museum building# The fact that it isat is e.ual to the

museum building in /lagenfurt should not disturb todaystoday0s visitor the visitor of today

because of the Austro)ungarian Empire was a well regulated decorated and above all& a very

economical state# The building of the 2plit Archaeological 3useum was made according to

the pro"ect of architects August /irstein and Friedrich 4hman# 4n the ground floor it hasis

more spacious e5hibition halls and on the ne5t floor are the of the wor*ing cabinets E5ecutive

4ffice and a rich library# A special decoration of the museum is the decorated garden with

covered lapidary in which are stored the most precious monuments found and e5cavated in

2olin#

$n tThe city of 2plit archeology has a long tradition as the citi6ens of 2plit have& for centuries&

Anti.uity centuries e5cavated anti.uity literally in their our own bac*yards so for them and

the humanistic intercession of these ancient ideals humanistic is a ideals of ancient thing .uite

simple matter and it is something which couldn0t be stopped even by &for that they did not

prevent any of anti.uity& generally disinterested 3iddle Ages# Even3ore 3ar*o 3aruli7& in

fact the first real 2plit archaeologist& i6radio6a needs his private real& and imaginary museum&

as well as for the collection of friends Dmine Papali7a& guide and actually comment 2plit

atin inscriptions# the first real 2plit archaeologist& created a guide and comment of 2plitatin inscriptions for the needs of his private real& and imaginary museum& as well as for the

collection of friend Dmine Papali7# $t is interesting that 3aruli7e0sv epigraphic wor* wasis

often copied and spread in manuscripts and is now well preserved in five versions# is survived

by his five versions# Also& nd the old Archbishop9s 3useum& the first museum of 2plit was

established in 2plit in 1%:!& possessed a very rich collection of stone artifacts from 2alona# $t

was therefore entirely logical& that when in 1;18 he visited 2olin and 2plit because the

Emperor Francis $ & when in 1;18 visited the 2olin and 2plit& initiated the first legal actions&and then had made the decree on the establishment of the 2plit Archaeological 3useum# +hat



really contributed tThe development of modern archeology in 2plit really was contributed to

the establishment of the Archaeological 2ociety of Bihac in 18;, because it was that society

that too* care the society too* care of an organi6ed e5ploration of the area between Trogir and

4mis on the ban* and of the river /r*a and -etina on land# 2ociety too* the name after the

The company name is ta*en by phantom& and completely destructed site near Trogir & which

was coloni6ed by the <omans in the nd century B- coloni6ed by the <omans& the city called

Bichicium& which -roatian sources are familiar with in the time of the -roatian Prince

=i>seslav& when for a time it became an important residence of -roatian *ings# There are more

The Archaeological 3useum has more than 1:!&!!! archaeological monuments and

artifacts&artifacts in the Archaeological 3useum& of which the e5hibition covered only a small

part# Today0s 2plit Archaeological 3useum consists of a very rich and perfectly processed

perfectly handled the epigraphic collections& rich in his coin collection that *eeps thousands of

precious monetary units# Prehistoric e5hibits are particularly enriched in recent times so and

amongbetween them is *ept and *eeps the oldest painting images found on -roatian soil& the

image of athe boat ?or elephant@ which that it is rga 'ova*& who is a writer of three volume

trosve>ane )history of 2plit& discovered in 1;C in a cave on the )var# The most important

parts of the museum are his reco)ellenistic& <omanprovincial and late anti.ue art

collections& and a special value has the a department dedicated to underwater archeology# $n

solemn e5citing areas of e5citing 2plit museums are stored the most beautiful monuments of

anti.uity in the Adriatic# $t is hardly possible )ardly is it possible to e5tract only some of the

anthological ob"ects from the collections because their narrowest anthological selection can

hardly be counted on stand on his fingers of both hands# But certainly it is inevitable to

mention -hristian sarcophagus from the ,th century with the image of the ood 2hepherd in

which in one body meet 4rpheus and -hrist# The entire ancient mythology is evo*ed by the

e5hibits of the museum with aesthetically very valuable depiction ofng hunting the

-aledonian Boar hunt on which where they 3eleagro and fleetfooted Atalanta appear # The+orld is a rarity Aancient display of Phaedra and )ippolytus Phedra and granddaughter who

are watched from the side by & that side loo*s reasonably "ealous Theseus is a world rarity##

nusual is the iconographic sarcophagus of Pomponia =era that shows the crossing of the

<ed 2ea# $n blessed dedicated areas of the museum it is impossible not to recall its creator& the

great Don Frane Buli7c# $t is not unnecessary to mention that in agreb before the historical

building of the 'ational and niversity ibrary9s is his large sculpture& as even today& in the

chronicles of the time we remember the grandiosity of his 2plit burialit does today in thechronicles of the time remembers the grandiosity of his 2plit burial# BornA great



archaeologist is born in =ran"ic& a fol* and fishing village& which is situated in the very

geometric center of 2plit basin# Goung Bulic& after studying theology in agreb& went to

=ienna& and there he finished studying classical philology and archeology# )e felt it That

helped him when he returned to his homeland helped to become a longtime conservationist of

Dalmatia& a *ind of governorher manager & a man who is only apparently managed the driven

world of the dead& and he was admired by his contemporaries# The great archaeologist $

discovered on his own some of the most important monuments not only of ancient 2alona but

also those from the period of -roatian rulers# +ith all that he was involved in politics so he

and was a he was a deputy in the various parliamentary bands member of the various

parliamentary groups as well& always arguing for the importance of Dalmatia in the whole of

the -roatian state& even while if it was only an ideal# $t is difficult today to determine which

that it is an archaeological discovery is his lifetime achievement& but let it it should be noted

that it was him who he was discovered in 2olin the basilica from Diocletian9s time in which&

after their the death were buried of the 2olin martyrs were buried 2alona 2t# Domnius and

=enantius# $n <iHinice near /lis he discovered the registration list of early -roatian statehood

when he dug up a sign with the name of noble man Prince Trpimir& and in 18;8 he unearthed

in hundreds of fragments of the largest and most famous -roatian palimpsest& the sarcophagus

of Iueen (elena dated to ;%& on whose stones with notches he clarif iedy complicated issues

of chronology and also the genealogy of -roatian rulers# )is boo*s about Diocletian9s Palace

and his a monograph on -roatian monuments in the /nin area are the basis of modern

-roatian archeology# About 2alonasalons& to which he dedicated his whole life& thate long

lived man who died at the age of 88 did not write a synthetic wor*& but he managed to achieve

that by the name of the ancient city and his its own become synonyms# Did he fantasi6e $s

fantasi6ing about that when as a boy from i6=ran"ic heu played in 2olin ruinsJ Today& his it is

the most beautiful monument is the of solemn peace of the lapidary of 2plit Archaeological

3useum in 2plit# And for those who wants to see his wor* area& they should visit hisTusculum on 3aonastirinama near 2olin& where his preserved room is located it is stored in

the room in which where he often stayed during e5cavations or hosted there where also other

archaeologists and where in the walls he dramatically imprinted original 2alonitan debris#

Pol"ud and )a"du*

4nce in the shallows of today9s Pol"ud were salt pans& and its his mud was for centuries usedas a reliable cure for rheumatism# )ere& the -roatian name is ta*en here from atin forms in

palude or respectively at the swampy place# Turbid waters and bays attracted obviouslyattracted someone rheumatoid <oman& so he built the villa rustica was built there& which later



is the cornerstone later& somewhere at the beginning of the poet*om11th# century& served to build the chapel of 4ur ady of race# Get the But most important is building is that of theFranciscan monastery built on the foundations of an early -hristian worship place places ofworship in the 1:th century& and the archival sources call it it called 2ancta 3aria de Palude#The comple5 wasis eventually upgraded in time# The church has a beautiful altar polyptych&

by irolamo da 2antacroce from 1:,; depicting the 3adonna with 2aints& among which themost interesting is Du"am& with a model of the medieval 2plit in hand# 4therwise& the churchhas a was less successful painting by pictures irolamo son Francesca depicting 4ur ady& 2t#-lare and 2t# Peter# The entire monastery comple5 in the 1th century& during the Tur*ishthreat& was fortified established with a firm <enaissance defensive tower# The monasterycollection holds baro.ue miniatures by friar Bono <a6milovi7a and sli*ars*i"e an artistic

pride is the portrait of Bishop Toma 'iger# The o4ne whom we must recall at the Pol"ud&Thomas 'iger& has already been mentioned grave and portrait# Tom 'iger $t was the mostdistinctive personality Tom 'iger among 3aruli70s 2plit 9s literary friends and li*eminded

people# The poet and bishop9s envoy to the pope in <ome was <imubio is very engaged in theantiTur*ish antiturs*o" campaign# By 'igerovih rating 3aruli7 held strongly to 'iger0s

rating so in 1:1! he was very enthusiastic and dedicated him his 1:1! atin wor*Iuin.uaginta parabolae as*ing his friends not only for "udgment in court but also for

protection against the envious# 'iger later repaid after 3aruli7 by epistle repaid letter & printedwith the famous speech of the Archbishop of 2plit& Bernardo ane at the ateran -ouncil#

'iger also is 3aruli7a supplied 3aruli7 with and parcel Erasmus9 wor*s& and 3aruli7 againremembered his friends and be.ueathed him oporuio Plato0s wor*s from his its library# Theirfriendship was misplaced during their& but in boyhood in Acciarini atinist Acciarini"evo"latinisti*o" school& where they both mastered the basic language of humanistic education#

'iger had is a very bold views on the uprising of the )var commoners in 1:1!# and hastherefore& pa is because in 1:1,& served a year in prison =enetian prison# Politically& he was aclose friend of 3aruli7&who wasev nigh to efforts of Bans -roatian Banal authorities so andthe ban Petar Berislavi7 himself& after his warnings& bestowed endowed 3aruli7 awith a cloc*# +hen he was appointed the Trogir bishop at the end of his life more and Trogir bishophe& renounced his title in favor of hisa nephew and retired to a monastery of the Friars 3inorat Pol"ud& where she died in 1:C1# The desired large -roatian history is not that restless manwas never completed by this restless man& but they preserved a portrait by oren6o ottiwhich was he had made in =enice in 1:%# oren6o otti shows ingenuity and delicatefeatures of a man who was buried there for half a millennium before# As <a6milovi7ornamentation is concerned& which has been developing in athe monastery& it is interesting

because it mimics the motifs from with the Tur*ish 3ma"olica& which is not an isolated phenomenon in 2plit0s coe5istence with the Tur*s# <a6milovi7 who was ten years a mon* at

Pol"ud for ten years& educated in =enice and <ome# 3iniatures )e decorated the note and te5tmaterial with miniatures in two choral boo*s of psaltery which are harp *ept in the monasteryat Pol"ud# nusual are painters realistic depictions of insects and flowers# As the 2plit9s Pol"udmonastery among the nobility was very popular among 2plit0s nobles& there are has thecloister remains of several stone gravestones of prominent local families in the cloister & andthe space is refresheds by a beautiful fountain#

4ne of the most important yields to -roatian modern language is associated with that spaceand with is the man who lived in it# $t is about the Father Bernardin of 2plit& the man who in1,;: in =enice published a boo* in atin letters entitled ectionary published a boo* that hasleft a deep mar* in the development of the -roatian language and literature# Bernardin spent

was the most important part of his life lived in the Franciscan monastery at Pol"ud# )isectionary is certainly the most widespread -roatian boo* s not only at the time of the first



edition& but also throughout the whole 1th century# anguage solutions from thatis boo* willlater be widely accepted by after the younger -roatian authors& which directly contributed tothe creation of rich secular literature in Dalmatian cities in the first half of the 1th century# $nthe boo* of Bernardin of 2plit handful "e do"ml"ivih verses li*e se.uences (udge gn"ivan orob"ectionable Pue my safe and sung at Pol"ud but for Bernardin9s life# ectionary is redacted

in the clear soup Ka*avian& in a language that $ was a writer called volgari6acio dalmatica&language therefore $llyrian& 2lovin and that all printed media are not synonymous with the-roatian literary language# Pol"uds*i monastery and the church are one of the most spiritualspace in the vicinity of 2plit& where the spirituality of the most comfortable lives#

)owever& only a few do6en meters from the sublime silence pol"uds*oga malobra7anamonastery situated loudest space 2plit 2tadium the legendary football club )a"du*& because of architectural beauty named Pol"ud beauty# Perhaps that epithet to insult the Franciscanmonastery& which is in this case for the sa*e of truth Pol"uds*i beauty# )a"du*9s most famousfootball club in -roatia# The sports legend& masters from the sea or were& as they are called bytheir fans& founded in Prague in 1;11# 2plit students& among whom was the legendary leader

of the future of the club Fabian /aliterna# <eturning to his hometown& these young menregister your club and immediately began to build the stadium on the former Austrian militarytraining ground under the mulberry tree in the area Dobri# The coat of arms of the new clubinstalled the founders -roatia features and are already on the first leg achieved great successagainst local tali"ana>*og club& who won with ;L !th Thus begins the glorious history of)a"du*& who is in 2plit has always been more than a club and more than a sport& which is asymbol of the city which hardly compete with the <oman emperor and -hristian martyr#During the fascist occupation of 2plit )a"du* players refused to perform both in $talian and inthe -up the $ndependent -roatian 2tate for Trade Dalmatia& but by the summer of 1;,,

played on =is and elsewhere against numerous allied football team with a renewed established-roatian sports club )a"du*# )a"du* are in Bari and then in 2plit won a military team ofreat Britain& played in Egypt and Palestine& 2yria and 3alta& and then to the final game andthe +ar tour -harles de aulle awarded honorary club of free France# And later& in the formerGugoslavia& and today during the -roatian democratic state& was )a"du* 2plit people greatest

pride& while teammates revered and honored as the ancient heroes# 2o in 2plit decades aftersmall children *now the names of former big players as they were eme>i7& =u*as& Beara&)ol6er& (er*ovic& Bul"an& Bilic& Asanovi7 ### The club that has appeared on all continents fordecades the home games played in 2plit on the 4ld plot& its original pitch as he built in 1;11Prague students# )a"du* supporters were organi6ed in 1;:! on the model of the Bra6ilians inthe gang called Torcida# )a"du* at Pol"ud stadium was built on the occasion of the3editerranean ames& which were prepared in 1;%; in 2plit# <eal 3editerranean -oliseum&

which can accommodate :!&!!! spectators& is worthy of replacing the old& the 2plit stillnostalgic and "ust call )a"du*ov land& although on it today perform only rugby players#

2ymbols )a"du* are very distinct& and the most important is white& which is the club did $naddition to blue& the traditional color of Dalmatians Protective sign the entire 2outh -roatianand especially 2plit# )a"du* at his "ersey always& even when it was not opportune& insignia ofthe -roatian national coat of arms& which is the chronicle of the domestic patriotism alwaysli*es to point out# +orld and national successes& numerous trophies and achievements of theclub are historical facts and modern 2plit trademar*# $t is interesting that in !11& when thecelebrated centenary of )a"du* 2plit nuns manually e5ported logos for tens of nogomta>*ih

"erseys# )ow )a"du* 2plit symbol& evidenced by the fact that he was a great composer $vo

Ti"ardovi7 at the time of the first successes of dedicated operetta Iueen balun# And some still being written& the old stadium at the mulberry tree& the scene of the first 8 years of )a"du*9s



history& was the e5act opposite of the 2plit maternity hospital and the people of 2plitsomehow become normal for their newborn first in the world saw "ust )a"du* stadium#

3ar"an and Boundaries

$n the historical memory 3ar"an 2plit is a mythical mountain& an e5tinct volcano that has longsince out last lava# At the ancient map& which was first mentioned by the ancient Asphalatosso# Peutinger map& with a new settlement which developed near large salon above thesurrounding area& 3ar"an# 3ar"an is on the map as a place where the temple of the goddessDiana# $t is no coincidence that "ust at that in earlier periods obviously a wooded area foundthe remains of a prehistoric settlement which confirmed the continuity from ancient basilica

building up younger medieval hermits church# After the 3ar"an hill was more bare than forestDi"aninih companion& to the time of Austrian rule and afterwards was even uncontrolledreplanted& usually poorly adapted Aleppo pines# Today& 3ar"an alternative& green cathedral of2plit& as are Dubrovni*& island o*rum or nearby Trsteno# 3ar"an is moreover a very popular

place& a place of rest and contemplation of the collective number of generations of 2plit#This mythical mountain is carried throughout history many names# 2o in the earlier sourcesone 3arulianus second time 3urnanus& some time is praedium 3arinianum& and then again-roatian 3ern"an& 3er"an or even 3<(A'E# For Tom Archdeacon hill called /yrieeleyson# $n the 3iddle Ages was communal property& strictly regulated by regulations

prohibiting felling of trees under threat of public humiliation and flogging in visible urbanareas# +hat is the mythical weight inevitable 2plit toponyms& best seen in the te5t of the great

poet Tin "evi7& who without any irony& says that in the case of 3ar"an comes e5tinguishedvolcanic maw from which the sulfuric water flowed from the mountain slopes# -omparison of 2plit and Pompey poet9s starting point& but 3ar"an was never dangerous =esuvius#The best approach is 3ar"an paths suburban =eli =aros& the alley that points toward the topright behind the monastery at the shore# The first sight that should be noted here is the (ewishcemetery& which has great historical and artistic value and is a *ind of a 3editerraneanversion of the Prague )ebrew resting# From 3ar"an first church to which it encounters amodest building of 2t# 'icholas& built in the 1Cth stol"e7u#'edale*o is a little 2plit 6oo&established in 1;,& where it is well to remember that famous women on -roatian soil dealtwith biology& 2pli7an*e 3ary -attani& born in 2plit in 1%8; in the family 2elebi# Apart fromthe -roatian& spo*e $talian& French and erman& and with his father& a mathematician andnaturalist& developed an interest and love for nature# 2he started early deal with botany andinvestigated the flowering of the lily family iliaceae a*a# )er name was brought beforeundescribed species of lily ilium cattaniae# )e collected and stuffed seaweed& studying

butterflies# 2ent to malacologist& revealed in the /lis fortress from the time when there wasnot one type scalaria& and then in 2olin even Bullimus 2alonitanus# According to this famouswoman named one 3ar"an wal*way# At the cape 3ar"an doing a very important $nstitute of4ceanography and Fisheries& and in the former stables of the villa Dalmatia& also on thesouthern slopes of 3ar"an& started ten years ago to wor* the 3editerranean $nstitute for ife2ciences& which was founded by the famous -roatian geneticist from Paris& originally from2plit& 3iroslav <adman#4n 3ar"an heights and to the west are located two important churches& one dedicated to 4urady of Bethlehem and most solitary monument 3ar"an& church of 2t# (erome is located on acliff which legend says it again& probably in a nearby cave& $ spent 2t# (erome# Both churchesare <enaissance style& apparently rebuilt on the foundations of older buildings# reat value

and a sculpture of 2t# (erome on the altar of the church of the saint Andrew Ale>i"ai6 1,8!#That 3ar"an lived in the 3iddle Ages& hermits& and from distinguished families from 2plit&



documented in numerous historical archives# That these holy men was considered a sort ofsacristan many 3ar"an churches& testified in a visitation Archbishop of 2plit -osmi# They hadthese hermits really important "ob for fifty split churches on 3ar"an were twelve# But if it bein a cave ne5t to the most famous of them ever visited the famous translator of the Bible intoatin& will remain forever an enigma#

nder the southern slope of 3ar"an town developed beautiful civic villa called The borderswith a number of very important split of museums and galleries# 4n the eastern edge of thearea& near the modern automobile tunnel under 3ar"an& is the 3useum of -roatianArchaeological Anti.uities which is located in the building in 1;%# The museum is actually

based in /nin in 18;C as the First 3useum of -roatian 3onuments# During +orld +ar $$& hewas transferred to 2in"& then to /lis and finally 2plit& in a representative building designed byarchitect 3laden /au6lari7# 3useum collections to *eep about !&!!! items Early -roatianarchaeological heritage& lots of "ewelry& weapons& weapons and ob"ects& and a large number ofstone monuments transferred from the numerous ancient churches and cemeteries# There is amost important world e5hibition of early medieval and figural plastic and are especiallyimportant visit ancient epigraphs in atin# )istorically most valuable collection consists of

"ust epigraphic monuments from ;th to 1th stol"e7ana which for the first time the names of-roatian rulers and the secular and religious dignitaries# These inscriptions are firstratehistorical materials& so this sort of museum of 2plit stone archive& right -roatian citi6enshipcertificate# The 3useum of -roatian Archaeological 3onuments should definitely see a

baptismal font from the time of the -roatian Prince =i>eslav about 8!! found in 'in& then the pediment of the altar screen from Bi"aa Trogir carved in the ;th century& an inscription withthe name of Du*e Branimir in 2opot near Ben*ovac from istogastol"e7a# Perhaps the mostfamous of all the sarcophagus of Iueen )elen of 2olin# $n the old -roats li*e earrings&confirms collection of these decorative items where the most gold to single earrings from3a"dan near 2olin& then gold earrings from tro"agodne graveyard# 2pas in the needles of goldfour strawberry earrings from 'ina# There is a rich collection of weapons and cavalrye.uipment -arolingian time& which mostly comes from the graves of those old medieval hero#=alue is allocated a pair of children9s spurs from the Diocese near /nin& uni.ue e5ample inthe world and -arolingian swords were ac.uired from -entral Europe& and used in medieval-roatia#+hile in 2plit sculpture $vana 3estrovic has in many places& in 2plit was his true home# Thishome has a great sculptor& first in the 3estrovic allery& which *eeps in constant e5hibitsmost part of the sculptor9s wor*s& but is itself an artistic monument# $ts author $van 3estrovicdesigned the palace and is then built between 1;C1 and 1;C; as a showroom for their actions&

but also as a family home and studio# As after +orld +ar $$ lived in a *ind of American e5ile&the sculptor is the -roatian people in the legacy left and the building& and the ad"acent BaM*ale

/a>telet from the time of =enetian vlastine as the west in 2plit& which is edited and sculptorcalled -ri*vine# 2culptor $van 3estrovic in the art world has almost as much as the painteriotto# )e was a shepherd who was discovered some Dalmatian -imabue while herdingsheep in the homeland and formed the first sculptures of stone and wood# Born in 188C& hespent his childhood in 4tavice& where he is now resting in the church which was built to behis tomb# 2culptor and architect of volcanic temperament& he studied first in =ienna& that it didnot satisfy& and is taught by <odin in Paris& but even more friendly terms with him# $t was hiswor* especially in the first phase related to mythologems as occupying the southern 2lavs intheir fight for liberation from the influence of the Tur*s# After the First +orld +ar& in whichhe recorded and his political activity& veli*i"e sculptor began to increasingly abandonmythological iconography of his youth& which does not mean that it has moved from the

original monumentality# The age was his greatest creative momentum& a time of greatimportant orders# 3estrovic then became the first dean of the Art Academy in agreb# $t was a



time when they created some of his most famous pieces& among them a giant regory of 'in&today in front of the northern wall of the Palace& then 2trossmayerova seated figure onrin"evac in agreb& the tomb of the n*nown 2oldier on Avala over Belgrade ### $n agreb&

placed his originally 2plit intended Fountain of ife& and built in the town and a lovely building of the )ouse of Artists and the wondrous ship owners <acic family mausoleum in

-avtat# Disappointed totalitarian regimes that have ruled his homeland& he went to the nited2tates& where he was in 1;,% organi6ed a large retrospective e5hibition and ordered $ndianfigure& which is now a trademar* of -hicago# A year before his death& he published a boo* inBuenos Aires intriguing memory of political people and events# )e died in 1;& ensuring thatthe largest part of its heritage and property belong to the -roatian people& and thus the city of2plit# )e was and still is the most important modern artist from Dalmatia# The great sculptorremained& despite his villa which is now a museum& and still beautiful festive space /asteletfrom the 1%th century# $t used to be the castle of the famous local family -apogrosso/avan"in& who was at the time when it is supposed to be 3estrovic bought barbaric convertedinto a hotel# 3estrovic is a comple5 inventively adapt artistic purpose and is a formerdefensive castle turned into ten years in one of the most solemn split space at all# There is a

renewed <enaissance church dedicated to 4ur ady& and built a temple of the )oly -ross ande.uipped it with a series of scenes from the 'ew Testament in the wood# The boundaries ofthe space dedicated to the memory of $vana 3estrovic and the place where in his architecturalideas still live#

<oman and early -roatian 2alon& an open air museum

et in 'aples& and not see the nearby Pompeii is certainly a smaller sin than to be in 2plit andnot see the ancient and early -roatian 2alon# 3ovable )eritage as the archaeologists havefound in this city today& was moved to the courtyard and in the Archaeological 3useum inPol"ud or the 3useum of -roatian Archaeological Anti.uities in 2plit& while the remains ofthe former ancient city& where his temples and public buildings scattered modern 2olin& 2plitindustrial suburb# The oldest settlement on the site was a fortress and the port of the $llyrianDelmata& who in the ,th century B-& for the first time entering the sphere of influence firstree* colonists& and then the <omans& which the 2alon for the first time in public documentsreferred to 11; B-& as unrest that its original inhabitants fiercely defended# At the time of(ulius -aesar was governor of $llyria& the large <oman province& and dealt with the localsituation& the 2alon called conventus civium <omanorum became overnight -olonia 3artia$ulia 2alona& which meant that the fortified city on the short but powerful river (adro becamethe seat of the <oman governor for a wide hinterland# A new position in the administrative

maps of the <epublic and then the <oman -arstva2aloni has provided a stable and very strongdevelopment# $n her immigrated numerous cosmopolitan population of the eastern <oman provinces& mostly from 2yria and 3e6opotani"e& and the name of the city& and probably because of this ethnic diversity& but the prevalence and topographic& began to be used in the plural& as 2alonae# )e had this town in its heyday more than si5ty thousand inhabitants& atleast three times more than Pompeii in southern Apennines# Ancient 2alona was in economicterms *nown for ma*ing "ewels so they archeologists found thousands of "asper& ony5&amethyst& emerald ### The city is a commercial and maritime center especially stronglydeveloped during the reign of Emperor Diocletian& a man who not only +hat came from thatarea than was the builder of lu5urious monumental palace# +hile elsewhere in the Empiredominated by the crisis& the palace is a toponym 2alone has attributed more and honorary

name =aleria& gentile emperor9s name and the name of his beloved sister and the onlydaughter# $n the years of Diocletian9s administration& "ust before the introduction of



-hristianity& the status almost of official religion was the cult of the god 3ithras&3anichaeism particularly closely <oman legionaries# $n ancient 2alona archaeologistsdiscovered si5 places where the cult of 3ithras and nurtured at each of these places the reliefsgod boy was shown to sacrifice a ram# 3ithraeums are usually designed based in naturalcaves& in modest premises# $n a *ind of crypt in the farthest room called the sanctuary of the

god spelumbilo boy whom the faithful worship#+hen the <oman salons began to spread -hristianity& what is its novelty& and especially moralrevolucionarno>7u& has entered into everyday e5tra spar*le and secrecy that many persecuted*riptov"erni*e led to his death# Therefore& the 2alon in time na"burni"ega development and thecity of martyrs& city *illings in gladiatorial combat& or that were thrown to wild beasts to feedthe hungry# 4nly a few years after Diocletian9s abdication& when -hristianity became theofficial religion of the Empire to the ground and began to persecute all other cults& originatedin a series of 2alons pompous basilica buildings and they all had a connection with theliturgical needs all the more established -hristian faith# This fact is already in the first centuryof -hristianity after the death of Diocletian& then in the second half of the ,th century&completely changed the urban style of 2alona by building their temples on holy places

predecessor# The city is in the circumstances ac.uired a new physiognomy& overnight on theformer polytheistic temples were built -hristian basilica that during By6antine rule&

particularly in the th century splendor returned once rich city and its inhabitants seemed tohave reached the former level of economic and cultural development# But the glow was "ustan illusion& and the announcement of imminent doomN At the time of his lategloss pressure

barbarian onslaught once powerful 2alon will be turned into a ruin#

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OOOO Prijevod