OPALES Demonstration

CWI – Feb. 22nd 2006

Antoine Isaac

2006-02-22 Antoine Isaac – CWI Talk 2

OPALES

French Project (RIAM, 2001-2003)

Partners: • « Developers »

• INA (Coordinator)• LIRMM (IHM, GC)• CS

• « Users »• CNRS (video library)• MSH (humanities, communication)• CNDP (educational material)

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« Tools to share knowledge in educational/scientific communities »

Goals• Sharing and exploiting AV resources• Fitting the needs of various specific user communities

Approach• Accessing document via annotations

• Similar to classical indexing approachInterpretation of AV content used for exploitation

• Ensuring the relevance of annotation for communities and applications

• Using points of view

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Points of view

Exploitation of annotation/indexes needs semantic continuity• Shared interpretation/coherent manipulation for

indexer/searcher/system

OPALES points of view• Mirror specific application/community needs• Embody annotation policies• Gather users who choose them for creating or filtering annotations

Thorough experiments with 2 points of view• Ethnology-oriented analysis of videos regarding childhood• Educational exploitation of geographic information films

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Points of view and annotation/search policies

Free-text annotation and search• Natural interpretation of AV content

Form-based annotation and search• Predefined structure• Basic control (value lists)

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OPALES Forms

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Points of view and annotation/search policies

Free-text annotation and search• Natural interpretation of AV content

Form-based annotation and search• Predefined structure• Basic control (value lists)

Ontology-based annotation and search

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Ontology-based annotation and search

Explicit and flexible structuring of index elements• Added value of relations for rich indexing

Conceptual Graphs formalism

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Ontology-based annotation

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Ontology-based annotation and search

Explicit and flexible structuring of index elements

Control ensured by formal specifications

Inference• Taking into account (viewpoint-specific) implicit

knowledge to link queries to indexes

Cogitant CG inference engine

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Problems of ontology-based approach

Complex indexing process• Difficult to get accustomed to• Especially for people not used to KR

Coupling design of complex ontological knowledge with use• Legitimate conceptualisation w.r.t. application and

practice• Specification of formal inference knowledge

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DOE ontology editor

Semi-informal semantics [Bachimont]• Differential principles inter-defining notions by

similarities and differences• Meaning naturally linked to an application domain• Compatible with extraction of ontology elements from

textual resources[Véronique Malaisé]

• Compatible with further formalization

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DOE

http://opales.ina.fr/public [Bachimont, Isaac, Troncy]

(now http://homepages.cwi.nl/~troncy/DOE/ !)

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Indexing patterns

Determine relational template recurrent in aimed information practices• Dependent on point of view

Propose those structures to the indexer as a starting point for description

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Indexing patterns: example (1)

English

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Indexing patterns: example (3)

English

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Patterns and reasoning

Comparison index/query

Pattern as an implicit pivotal structure, compensating for description/query variations

Inferring facts from pattern structure

Inferring pattern-fitting facts from different structure

Action isLocatedAt Object/PlacehasParticipantEntity

isLocatedAt

hasParticipant Action

isLocatedAt

PlaceEntity isLocatedAt

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Conclusion

Points of view as materialization of indexing and exploitation strategies

Knowledge-based tools• Expressivity, control and inference

Experimentation (two qualitative evaluations with domain users) shows that there are obstacles:• No familiarity of targeted users with formal techniques• Difficulty for the knowledge workers to design proper

ontological resources for each point of view

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Conclusion

Experimentation shows that approach is made feasible by:• Ontologies linked in quite a natural way to meanings and practices

targeted by points of views• Differential principles help ontology designer’s work and final users’

understanding

• Formalizing users needs by Indexing Patterns• Both for description and query

• Also legitimates ontology designers’ work

• Turning to “relational” reasoning for compensating variations[Remark: complexity goes now for KR engine]

Techniques to ensuring semantic continuity in ontology-based indexing and search

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THANK YOU !

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Childcare use patternBack

hasAgent HygienicCare

isLocatedAtOpeningDefined

Place

Mother

hasPatientChild

hasInstrument Tool

hasPosture

Posture

isMotherOf

hasLocationFeature

FunctionDefinedPlace

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Specialised indexBack

hasAgent Bathing isLocatedAt ExteriorLocationMother

hasPatientChild

hasInstrument Bawl

hasPosture

Standing

isMotherOf

hasAgent

Drying

hasPatient

hasLocationFeature

IndividualHouse