Orthographic p12

8/9/2019 Orthographic p12

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Chapter 3Orthographic

Projection


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OBJECT REPRESENTATION

Axonometric projection

Multiie! projection


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M"#TI$IE% PROJECTION

Three principle &imen'ion'o( an o)ject *

Width Depth

Height

Width

H e i g h t

Depth

D e p t h

* can )e pre'ente& onl+t!o in each ie!,

A&jacent ie!-'.

i' nee&e& to(ul(ill the 'i/e

&e'cription,


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0, Reole the o)ject !ith re'pect

to o)'erer ,

TO OBTAIN M"#TI$IE%

REPRESENTATION O1 AN OBJECT

2, The o)'erer moe aroun& the

o)ject,


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RE$O#$E TE OBJECT

1rontie!

Right 'i&e ie!

Top ie!


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Orthographic

Projectiono( O)ject 1eature'


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OBJECT 1EAT"RES

E&ge' are lines that represent the boundary

between two faces.

Corner' Represent the intersection of two or

more edges.E&ge

Corner

E&ge No e&ge

No corner No corner


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Sur(ace' are areas that are bounded by edges

or limiting element.

#imiting

element

is a line that represents the last visible

part of the curve surface.Sur(ace Sur(ace Sur(ace

#imit #imit

OBJECT 1EAT"RES


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A

B

PROJECTION O1 POINT-S.

AFBR

AT

BF AR

BT

AF AR

AT

BF BR

BT

E4ual

&i'tance


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A

B

AF BF BR AR

AT

BT

BR

AR AF BF

AT

BT

True length

NORMA# #INE

True lengthPoint

E4ual

length

PROJECTION O1 #INE


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AB

AF BF BR AR

AT

BT

INC#INE5 #INE1ore'hortene&

BR

AR

AFBF

1ore'hortene&

AT

BT

True length

A

E4ual

length

PROJECTION O1 #INE


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AB

AF

BF BR

AR

AT

BT

OB#I6"E5 #INE

A

E4ual

length

B

1ore'hortene&1ore'hortene&

1ore'hortene&

BR

AR

AF

BF

AT

BT

PROJECTION O1 #INE


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B

A

PROJECTION O1 P#ANE

BF AF!F R AR!BR

AT

T

NORMA# P#ANE

E4ual

length

E&geE&ge

True 'i/e

R

AR!BR AF!F

BF

AT

BT

T

BT


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B

BF AF

R

AR!BR

AT

T

INC#INE5 P#ANE

A

E4ual

lengthBT

F

E&ge

R

AR!BR

1ore'hortene&

BT

T

AT

AF

F

1ore'hortene&

BF

PROJECTION O1 P#ANE


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B

BF

AF

R

AR

AT

T

OB#I6"E5 P#ANE

A

E4ual

lengthBT

F

B

BR

1ore'hortene&

R

AR

BR

AF

BF F

1ore'hortene&

AT

BT

T

1ore'hortene&

PROJECTION O1 P#ANE


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PROJECTION O1 OBJECT

The views are obtained by pro"ecting all ob"ect

features to the picture plane.

7ou hae to project the remaining 'ur(ace' !hich are

ini'i)le too 8

7ou hae to project the remaining 'ur(ace' !hich are

ini'i)le too 8


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'

'

'



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#ine Conention


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#INE CON$ENTION

#recedence of coincide lines.

Hidden line drawing.

enter line drawing.


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PRECE5ENCE O1 #INE

$i'i)leline$i'i)lelineOr&er o( importance i&&enlinei&&enline Center lineCenter line


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I55EN #INE PRACTICE

Hidden line should "oin a visible line! except it

e$tended from the visible line.

Correct

No 8

%oin

&eave

space


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Correct No 8

Hidden line should "oin a visible line! except it

e$tended from the visible line.

&eave

space&eave

space

I55EN #INE PRACTICE


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Hidden line should intersect to form # and T

corners.

Correct

No 8

# T

I55EN #INE PRACTICE


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Hidden arcs should start on a center line.

I55EN #INE PRACTICE


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CENTER #INE PRACTICE'n circular view! short dash should cross at the

intersections of center line.

For small hole! center line is presented as thin

continuous line.

enter line should not e$tend between views.

#eae 'pace #eae 'pace


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&eave the gap when centerline forms a

continuation with a visible or hidden line

#eae

'pace#eae

'pace#eae

'pace

#eae

'pace

enter line should always start and end with

long dash.

CENTER #INE PRACTICE

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