8/7/2019 PBPL class lecture xhour

1/11

PBPL class lecture xhour 1/20/2011 11:02:00 AM

Policy Implementation

Principle-agent problem

y A disconnection or conflict between the objectives and goals of theprincipals and those of the agent authorized to represent the

principal (people as principle, and agent as govt reps)y The problem arises because an agent is given the responsibility and

authority to take action that affect both the principle +agent

y Objective/values of congress change as agents changey Principle: US govt, agent: contractors

o method of operation: contract vs grant (cooperativeagreement)

o much of govt responsibility is contracted out (e.g. Medicaid).Govt decide its not worth the effort to privately do work.

Agency capture problem

y Control of a regulatory agency by industry businesso Way: have former or future employee in the industry

temporarily work for regulatory agency

y Industries subject to economic regulation (for public interest)benefits from exerting influence over regulatory agency

yContracting

y Episode events not worth paying more federal jobsProcess of implementation

y See chart in chapter 11

y GPRA (1993) government performance and results acty OMB presidents budget office (only source of information

regarding budget until 1973)

o Criticized for lopsided power balance between executive andcongress

y CBO- the counter budget info officeo Congressionally partisan

Now must have 5 year forecast

8/7/2019 PBPL class lecture xhour

2/11

y WFA inefficacy checko Pass bills to reduce Waste, fraud and abuseo Bring forth accountability

y GRPA- Government Performance and Results Acto a series of laws designed to improve government project

management

1. Strategic planning- 5 year plan (must formallyincorporate outside players to measure results)

2. Annual report (R4: resource review requesta. establish the performance goalsb. a brief description of how these goals are to be

met

c. description of how these performance goals canbe verified

8/7/2019 PBPL class lecture xhour

3/11

pbpl 5 1/20/2011 11:02:00 AM

manygovt employees are unionized, important to keep in mind regarding

website: Thomas.loc.gov

IV. Program to Government

Adjustment/termination/adjudication

y Challenge a policy-underserving or unethical- by suingo Standing- Set a fact must be generated that shows eminent

harm caused by govt action

o Justifiability does court have a remedy to problem?o Ex: class action law suits--a large group of people collectively

bring a claim to court and/or in which a class of defendants is

being sued.

Public interest law

o Started out in the 60s as liberal groupso Fishing for facts that drive agenda in courto A mechanism to enter into judicial system

y EPA rules are often litigatedy SCRAP--The Court held that the members of SCRAP five law

students from The George Washington University had standing to

sue under Article III of the Constitution to challenge a nationwide

railroad freight rate increase approved by the Interstate Commerce

Commission(ICC)

yy Federal Court shopping- find other districts that are more liberal

than others

yy Every law has the potential to bring litigationyy

Legislative Process

8/7/2019 PBPL class lecture xhour

4/11

Has committee that

Types of legislation

y Bills (public/private) H.R. (house) S. (senate)y Joint resolutionsy Concurrent resolutionsy Simple resolutions (one house)changes in the internal rules of each

chamber

a. Ex. House: 3/5 vote necessary to pass federal income tax increasesSponsor champion horsebillhopper (caucuses)

Co-sponsors (original/additional/by request)

Jurisdiction committees200 classification (House) 20 standing

committees

y Find certain committee responsible for taking look at billy

Primary committeestaffs (majority/minority)

Committee assignment for congressmen

y GAO (congressional entity)- advisory on bill (judge the bill)y OMB (executive entity) advisory on bill

Referral of bill house (germaneness)

y Sequentialy Simultaneousy

1. primary committee2. Secondary committeessubcommittees

y most money goes to the biggest committeey republican and democrat staffer on each committee

8/7/2019 PBPL class lecture xhour

5/11

Hearings (subpoena power)

y Testimonyy Advice-Advisory (who testifies?)

Mark-Ups

y Titles I-Xy Strike sections before voting

Final Action (options) committee voting

1. Report out a clean bill2. Report out3. Table4.Nothing, needs 218 discharge petition signatures5.

Bill reported outplaced on calendar

1. Union ---$$$

2. house-authorization

3. Private (INS/private conflicts)

4. corrections (unfunded mandates act of 1995)

5. discharge

Unanimous consent

Rules committee(9 reps/4 dems)

y A. length of debatey B. Type of debate

1. Open rule (amendments)2. Closed rule (no amendment)3. Modified rules

y

8/7/2019 PBPL class lecture xhour

6/11

1/20/2011 11:02:00 AM

Test

General process

Value system

Policy models

How is policy applied?

P A O R A

F A B

Past questions

y Compare and contrast multiple stream model with advocacycoalition framework...ASPECTS OF STAGES of policy process that

each clearly address vs less insight?

y Compare and contras the rules of house and senate in formulationpublic policy. Differences and similarities in congressional policy

making. Why is so hard to pass legislation

yy Discuss how a societal condition becomes policy problem...how the

problem makes it onto policy agenda. INTERNAL and EXTERNMAL

factors facilitate transformation? Could use specific example.

yyy Essay: analyze the policymaking process using stages-heuristic

model (expanded). IDENTIFY one way into progress may be

SYMIED.

o How to overcome barriero Use specific policy issue.

8/7/2019 PBPL class lecture xhour

7/11

1/26-leadership 1/20/2011 11:02:00 AM

Congress leadership

Party-committee-members

Committee--CMOs

o Get on party leadership by being caucus chairPartydetermining factor of whats going on

o Positions are policy relate Whip system

Chief, regional, state, deputy create a disciplinesystem

People either serving for dem or republicans

8/7/2019 PBPL class lecture xhour

8/11

1/20/2011 11:02:00 AM

Problem identification

`perception/definition what is the problem to which this proposal is

directed?

- aggregation- how many people think it is an important problem? Who?

- organization how well organized are these people- representation how is access to decision makers established and

maintained?

AGENDA SETTING

FORMULATION

y Find best feasible solution

1. perception2. aggregation3. organization4. representation5. setting agenda6. formulation7. legitimation/authorization8. budgeting

a. germaneness, earmarkb. house appropriation is the REAL DEAL. Senate is shit.

9. implementationa. principle agent problem congress

10. evaluation11. termination

8/7/2019 PBPL class lecture xhour

9/11

x hour test review 1/20/2011 11:02:00 AM

difference/similarities between senate and house

y appropriation committees are identicalo make distinctions. Not 3 examples of same similarities

y difference in idealo one favors people/more susceptible to public opinion, other

the elite

y Procedure differences: filibustery Terms are different (2 vs 6)y Leadership structure similar : majority, campaign committees

Heuristic model

y What angle?o Apply things to ito Take other thingso Pick one stageo

Budget

y How is it distinct and different from appropriationsy And authorization committeey Is a broad instruction

o Set parameters

Authorization vs appropriations

y Substance vs dollarsy Appropriations must be concurrently produced to make funds

necessary to do the bill.

y Authorization- a mandate...to make the ideal real

Punctuated equilibrium & ACF

Similarities:

y Both models open the doors, NOT institutionally focused, NOT abouthow the process work , NOT how policy makers view the process

y Inclusive bigger arena that involves the political process

8/7/2019 PBPL class lecture xhour

10/11

ACF

y Similar to stages model, just not very comprehensivePunctuated

y Theres a steady state, just various changesy Implicitly about incrementalism

Multiple stream/ incrementalism

y Three streamso looking for combinationo connect to state of the union

problem: event driven policy, highlights issue policy: ban guns politics: theres nothing about gun control. Too

controversial

what inhibits action? Why is inaction so commonplace?

KNOW ARTOFTHE GAME

y Lowimodel??

1. relationship between congressional budget process and appropriationsprocess: what is gained by congress, why did they take action 1970

2. something about state of union

3. compare types of policy making : distributive, redistributive, regulatory

(examples)

4. compare/contrast policy formulation in senate and house, roadblocks and

ways to slow it

5. mertis of 2 modes: rational choice, multi streams, incrementalism

essay: pick a policy issue and take it though the stages-heuristic model-

spesifically time

8/7/2019 PBPL class lecture xhour

11/11

1/20/2011 11:02:00 AM