Phan Tich Du Lieu Trong Nghien Cuu Dinh Luong

7/22/2019 Phan Tich Du Lieu Trong Nghien Cuu Dinh Luong

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Hong Trng, PHN TCH D LIU TRONG NGHIN CU NH LNG 1

PHN TCH D LIU TRONGNGHIN CU NH LNG

DATA ANALYSIS FOR QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Bo co vin

Hong Trng

Thng 3 nm 2009

GiI THIU


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3

NCKH v phn tch d liu Nghin cu nh lng cn phn tch d liu. Vi khi lng d liu ln, cn chng trnh my tnh thc hin SPSS l mt chng trnh thng k d s dng v mnh m.

Xc nh vn

Cu hi nghin cu

Mc tiu nghin cu(gii hn nghin cu)

Thit k nghin cuL thuyt, M hnh, Bin s, gi thuyt,chn mu,phng php thu thp d liu

Thu thp & phn tch d liu

Bo co

cngnghin

cu(proposal)

4

Phn tch d liu Phn tch d liu l qu trnh chuyn t nhng d liu ri rc ca

tng quan st thnh nhng thng tin, nhng tri thc, hiu bit ngtin cy.

Mc o cai thiencac quyet nh

D lieu

Thong tin

S kien

Hieu biet,tri thc

Mc o chnh xaccua mo hnh thong ke

(Ngun: Hossein Arsham, Manchester Metropolitan University)


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5

Phn loi d liu D liu nh tnh: thu thp t thang o danh ngha v th bc ->

khng tnh c tr trung bnh D liu nh lng: thu thp t thang o khong cch v tl -> tnh

c tr trung bnh

D lieu

D lieunh lng

D lieunh tnh

thang odanh ngha

thang ot le

thang oth bac

thang okhoang cach

6

T chc d liu ma trn d liu Quan st (observation, case): d liu thu thp c t mt n v mu

kho st thc t. Bin (variable):n v cha mt loi d liu ging nhau (v d gii tnh) Ma trn (bng) d liu: tp hp d liu ca nhiu quan st (dng)c

sp xp thnh tng loi r rng (ct-bin).

Ngh khc42Namn

Vhu53Nam3

Nhn vin vn phng32N2

Sinh vin21N1

Ngh nghipTuiGii tnh

Cc binCcquanst


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Nguyn tc m ha & nhp liu D liu nh tnh: m ha bng cch dng m s gn cho cc biu hin

hay tnh cht. D liu nh lng: khng cn m ha ( c ngha) Phn tch BCH/form ri to khun nhp theo nguyn tc mi loi d

liu l mt bin. D liu c nhp trc tip vo mn hnh data ca SPSS, t tri qua

phi theo tng quan st (dng).

14421n11531333222102121

Ngh nghipTuiGii tnh

Cc binCcquanst

8

V d v thao tc Dng BCH phn cui sch Phn tch D liu vi SPSS: Phn tch cc cu hi, cc d liu thu thp c, xc nh s bin cn

khi to. Thc hnh to khun cho BCH ny, ch cc cu hi c nhiu tr li

v cu hi dng thang o th bc.


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XY DNG CS D LIUCHO PHN TCH

Preparing Database for Analysis

10

n v phn tchKhi kho st ch c cc loi n v sau: n v ly mu n v bo co n v phn tch

-> gii hn: chxem xt trng hp n v bo co ln v phn tchtrong chng trnh ny.


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Nhp liu Nhp trc tip trong SPSS -> ph bin trong cc NCKH c mu khng

qu ln Bng chng trnh Data Entry ca SPSS (nng n, nng sut thp) Nhp bng chng trnh khc (Excel, Fox, ) hay chng trnh vit

ring (khng tin li hay mt thi gian vit chng trnh nhp) nu slng mu khng nhiu.

C th nhiu ngi nhp song song, ri ghp file th cng hay bnglnh Data > Merge files

12

Lm sch d liu Bng tn s n Dng lnh sort Dng bng phc Cc lnh select cases (filter)

-> Cn c kinh nghim, kin thc lin quan n i tng, bi cnh, nidung nghin cu.


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TM TT & TRNH BY D LiU

Data Sumarization and Presentation

14

Bng thng k - TablesBng tn s n bin: p dng cho bin nh tnh &nh lng -> nu s

lng nhm qu nhiu -> phn t li, m ha li (recode)Bng thng k m t: p dng cho bin nh lng, tnh ton khuynh

hng tp trung v phn tnBng kt hp nhiu bin:

Bng kt hp cho cc bin nh tnh: tnh tn s v %.Bng kt hp cho bin nh tnh v bin nh lng: tnh trung bnh, median,

lch chun, Ghp bin cho dng cu hi c nhiu tr li v c nhiu bin tng ng.


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15

Biu n bin: biu phn phi tn s

REVENUES

35000.0

32500.0

30000.0

27500.0

25000.0

22500.0

20000.0

17500.0

15000.0

12500.0

10000.0

7500.0

5000.0

2500.0

0.0

30

20

10

0

Std. Dev = 7457.66

Mean = 6354.7

N = 51.00

Biu & th - Graphs

16

Biu n bin: hnh thanh, hnh trn

< 10 tr

32%

200 - 500

tr

21%

> 500 tr

7%

10 - 200 tr

40%

52

48

43

49

44

40

40

42

35

28

50

44

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46

39

42

36

33

32

18

58

45

28

17

15

54

25

22

21

19

19

15

25

20

19

9

5

11

6

13

2

5

3

7

9

18

15

21

0 20 40 60 80 100

ACB

Vietcombank

Agribank

Incombank

EABBIDV

Sacombank

VIBank

Techcombank

Military Bank

Eximbank

Hang hai

VP Bank

Ban be Truyen hnhBao viet Internet

Tri Bangron, apphchTtm hieu

Biu & th - Graphs

Ngun nhn bit

Quy m cc mn vay


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th kt hp: hnh thanh, th phn tn

TP.HCM

0

0

0

0

1

2

1

0

0

0

7

1

11

6

5

20

42

0

3

1

0

7

8

7

1

4

5

21

5

32

17

25

41

68

4

20

8

8

31

24

41

14

18

36

60

32

56

52

67

71

91

0 2 0 4 0 60 80 100

Habubank

Phng ng

VP Bank

Hng Hi

Phng Nam

Eximbank

SCB

Military Bank

Techcombank

VIBank

Sacombank

BIDV

Dong A

Incombank

Agribank

Vietcombank

ACB

% 1

0

2

1

0

0

1

3

2

2

3

7

4

18

22

30

6

11

0

12

2

3

2

4

17

28

11

10

21

17

47

61

70

26

38

7

28

9

8

13

12

42

53

35

28

38

44

69

83

85

54

0 20 40 60 80 100

%

HNi

REVENUES

400003000020000100000

PRO

FITS

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

Biu & th - Graphs

Aided

Unaided

Tom

18

Biu & th - GraphsBn nhn thc (khng bao gm trong chng trnh ny):

Dimension 1

.70.0-.7

Dimension2

.6

0.0

-.6

VIETCOMBANK

INCOMBANK

BIDV

AGRIBANK

TECHCOMBANK

SACOMBANK

MILITARY

EIB

EAB

ACB

Qung co

Khuyn mi

Thng dng

Qun tr tt

Cngh tin tin

Chuyn nghip

NV nim n

NV gii

Nhiu im GD

Ni GD lch s

Chm sc KH tt

LS vay hp lLS gi hp dn

Ph DV hp l

SP-DV phong ph

Vn ln

Uy tn

Ni ting


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PHN TCH N BiN

Univariate analysis

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tp trung & phn tnDng cho d liu nh lng

Khuynh hng tp trung: mc in hnh, mc i dinTrung bnh cngTrung v: t b nh hng bi cc gi tr bt thngMt: cim tp trung r rt

phn tn: mc chch lch (hay ng u) gia cc phn tPhng sai: phn tn b phng i-> lch chun

Hnh dng ca phn phi: biu thn v l, biu hp-> phn phi lch tri:a s cc n v c mc di trung bnh-> phn phi lch phi:a s cc quan st c mc trn trung bnh


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c lng & kim nh trung bnh

c lng im: chnh l trung bnh muc lng khong: ly trung bnh mu cng tr 1,96 (thng lm trn

thnh 2) ln sai s chun (SE)Kim nh trung bnh tng th c bng mt gi tr c th hay khng Dng kim nh t mt mu.

22

Chun ha d liu

Chun ha d liu:

chuyn d liu gc vi n v o lng c th thnh n v lchchun so snh trong trng hp n v tnh khc nhau. V d sosnh bin thin gia nng sut v tin lng u ngi.

Bit c v trtng i ca mt n v so vi cc n v khc.

xz

=

s

xxz

=


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PHN TCH HAI BIN

Bivariate analysis

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Lin h hai bin nh danhD liu di dng tn s

Dng bng cho khm ph mi lin h

Dng kim nh chi bnh phng (kim nh tnh c lp) xem xt milin h c ngha thng k hay khng

Dng nhng thc o nhh s lin kt lamda,phi o lng mnh

mi lin h


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Lin h hai bin th bcD liu di dng tn s

Dng bng cho khm ph mi lin h

Dng nhng thc o nhgamma, tau hay lamda o lng mnhmi lin h.

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Lin h mt bin nh tnh v mtbin nh lng

Bin nguyn nhn: bin nh danh hay th bc

Bin kt qu: bin nh lng

-> nu bin nguyn nhn chc 2 nhm: dng kim nh trung bnh (kimnh t)

-> nu bin nguyn nhn c t 3 nhm tr ln: dng phn tch phngsai.


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Lin h hai bin nh lng

o lng mnh bng h s tng quan hay ts tng quan

Th hin mi quan h bng phng trnh hi qui

PHN TCH PHNG SAI

Analysis of variance


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Phn tch phng sai 1 yu tBin nguyn nhn nh tnh c t 3 nhm tr ln

Bin kt qu lnh lng.

Ton b bin thin ca bin kt qu (SST)c tch thnh 2 phn:

Bin thin do yu t nguyn nhn ang xem xt: SSG

Bin thin do cc yu t khc gy ra:SSW

-> Phng sai ca yu t kt qu do yu t nguyn nhn gy ra (hay giithch c) MSG = SSG/k-1

-> Phng sai ca yu t kt qu do cc yu t khc gy ra

MSW = SSW/n-k

Ts F = MSG/MSW ln phn nh nh hng ca yu t nguyn nhnang xem xt lng k v nh hng n bin kt qu, lm cho tungbnh ca bin kt qu tng nhm ca bin nguyn nhn khng bngnhau.

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Phn tch su ANOVAKhi kt qu kim nh F trong ANOVA cho thy cc trung bnh khng bng

nhau, cn thm kim nh chi tit pht hin s khc bit gia ccnhm.

-> Kim nh Tukey thng dng trong phn tch su ANOVA


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HI QUI &TNG QUAN

Correlation & regression

32

LGGDPP

4.54.03.53.02.52.0

Tu

ithTBp

h

n

90

80

70

60

50

40

Tng quan o lng mnh ca mi lin hHi qui m t hnh thc ca lin hBiu phn tn (Scatter) thng c dng thm d mi lin h: c hay khng c lin h, lin h tuyn tnh hay phi tuyn tnh.

GDP tnh trn u ngi (USD)

3000020000100000-10000

Tu

ith

TBp

h

n

90

80

70

60

50

40

Hi qui &tng quan


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Hi qui &tng quanTnh h s tng quan n tuyn tnh ca mu quan st

Kim nh ngha thng k ca h s tng quan

Tm phng trnh hi qui n quyn tnh

ngha ca h s hi qui ( dc ca ng thng)

ngha thng k ca m hnh hi qui:

Kim nh F: ngha ca c m hnh Kim nh t: ngha ca tng bin c lp trong m hnh

H s xc nh m hnh: kh nng bin nguyn nhn gii thch binthin ca bin c lp

Phn tch phn d: kim tra s ph hp ca m hnh

34

Hi qui &tng quanPhng trnh hi qui tuyn tnh bi:

Thm d mi lin h gia tng bin nguyn nhn v bin kt qu bngbiu phn tn. Bin i nu mi lin h khng phi l tuyn tnh.

Tm phng trnh hi qui bi:

ngha ca cc h s hi qui

ngha thng k ca m hnh hi qui:

Kim nh F: ngha ca c m hnh Kim nh t: ngha ca tng bin c lp trong m hnh H s xc nh m hnh: kh nng bin nguyn nhn gii thch bin

thin ca bin c lp

Phn tch phn d: kim tra s ph hp ca m hnh


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Hi qui &tng quana cng tuyn:

cc bin c lp ctng quan vi nhau,

loi bt bin c lp trong cc bin c lp ctng quan chtvi nhau.

Hi qui vi bin c lp nh tnh: to bin gi (bin nh phn tngng)

XY DNG V KIM NH THANG ODNG TRONG NGHIN CU

Scale Development and Testing


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o lng vthang oTrong nghin cu nh lng cn o lng cc khi nim dng trong

nghin cu (construct).

Vic o lng mt s khi nim c th khng phc tp v phng php vd nh: mc thu nhp, mc chi tiu, thi gian xem truyn hnh, quy mvn, quy m lao ng, nng sut

C mt s khi nim phc tp i hi cn c qu trnh chi tit ha khinim (construct operationalization) v thit k o lng (scale design)k lng. V d nh:

Trung thnh ca khch hng i vi sn phm/dch v/thng hiu (customer

loyalty)

Cht lng sn phm/dch v theo cm nhn ca khch hng (perceivedquality)

Hi lng ca nhn vin (employee satisfaction)

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M hnh nghin cu & khi nimTrong nghin cu nh lng cn o lng cc khi nim dng

trong nghin cu (construct).

Mt m hnh nghin cu n gin bn di c 3 khi nim: Gi trdch v, cht lng dch v v s hi lng.

Gia tr dch vu Chat lng dch vu

S hai long

H1 (+)

H2 (+)

M hnh khi nim (l thuyt)

ConstructLatent variable


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M hnh nghin cu & khi nim

M hnh o lng

.00

Gia tri DV

.16

XAHOI

e1.6

.33

CAMXUC

e1.5

.04

HINHANH

e1.4

.21

.47

CHUCNANG

e1.3

.02

KIENTHUC

e1.2

.30

UOCMUON

e1.1

.55

.00

Chat luong DV

.59

DICHVU

e2.3

.52

VATCHAT

e2.2

.43

DAOTAO

e2.1

.66

Hai long

.61

V52 e3.1.78

.60

V53 e3.2.78

.59

V54 e3.3

.77

.67

.46

e1

e2

e3

.39 .57 .68 .13

.72 .77.66

Bin o lng: c th lnhn t (bin tng hpt cc bin quan st) hay lbin quan st trc tip

40

Khi nim vo lngVic o lng mt s khi nim c th khng phc tp v phng

php v d nh: mc thu nhp, mc chi tiu, thi gian xemtruyn hnh, quy m vn, quy m lao ng, nng sut lao ng.

Mt s khi nim phc tp, tru tng i hi cn c qu trnh chitit ha khi nim (construct operationalization) v thit k o

lng (measurement design) v kim tra k lng. V d nh: Trung thnh ca khch hng i vi sn phm/dch v/thng hiu

(customer loyalty); Cht lng sn phm/dch v theo cm nhn cakhch hng (perceived quality)

Hi lng ca nhn vin (employee satisfaction)

Cht lng cuc sng, quan nim sng

Lng tin; thi ca ngi dn ti ch i vi ngi nhp c


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Khi nim vo lng V d v chi tit ha khi nim: trung thnh ca khch hng i

vi sn phm/dch v/thng hiu (customer loyalty) bao gmnhng kha cnh sau:

Tip tc mua

Khng ngh n nhng th khc

Khng c nh mua th nhng th khc

Ni tt v sp/dch v/thng hiu vi ngi khc

Gii thiu sp/dch v/thng hiu vi ngi khc

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o lng vthang o LikertKhi nim n gin chcn thang o n gin (thang o 1 chbo)

Khi nim tru tng cn thang o phc tp (thang o nhiu chbo -multi-indicator scale)

Thang o nhiu chbo c s dng ph bin nht l Likert 5mc .

Xin vui lng c k nhng pht biu sau. Sau mi cu pht biu,hy khoanh trn tr li th hin ng nht quan im ca bn. Xinbn cho bit rng bn rt ng , ng , thy bnh thng,khng ng hay rt khng ng vi mi pht biu?


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o lng vthang o LikertSau y l nhng pht biu lin quan n vic chn v hc tp ca bn ti trng HKinh TTPHCM. Xin bn vui lng trli bng cch khoanh trn mt con stngdng. Nhng con sny thhin mc bn ng hay khng ng i vi ccpht biu theo quy c nhsau:

Rt khngng

1

Khng

ng 2

Trung lp

3

ng

4

Rt ng

5

1. Bng cp ca trng H Kinh Tsgip ti kim c thu nhpcao sau khi ra trng.

1 2 3 4 5

2. Kin thc ttrng H Kinh Tsgip ti ddng thng tintrong nghnghip.

1 2 3 4 5

3. Ti tin rng cc doanh nghip rt cn cc sinh vin tt nghip ttrng ti ang hc.

1 2 3 4 5

4. Bng cp c c ttrng H Kinh Tl su ttt ca ticho tng lai.

1 2 3 4 5

5. Bng i hc Kinh Tbo m vic lm trong tng lai. 1 2 3 4 5

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Thang o n hng va hngMt khi nim c th chbao gm mt yu t/thnh phn/kha cnh

(component / factor / aspect), vthang o mt khi nim chbaohm mt thnh phn gi lthang o n hng (unidimesional)

Mt khi nim c th bao gm nhiu yu t/thnh phn/kha cnh,vthang o mt khi nim bao hm nhiu thnh phn gi l

thang o a hng (mutidemensional)Thang o Likert p dng cho mt khi nim n c th l mt thang o

nhiu chbo c tnh n hng, chbao gm mt tp hp mc hi.

Thang o Likert p dng cho mt khi nim a yu t c th l mt thango nhiu chbo c tnh a hng, bao gm nhiu tp hp mc hi,mi mt tp hp mc hi s phn nh mt yu t ca khi nim.


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Thang o n hng va hngBANG 3.3 Ket qua phan tch nhan to EFA cua khai niem chat lng dch vu ao tao

Bienquansat

Cac nhan tochnh Trongso

% bienthien giaithch c

Cronbach

F1 Hoat ong ao tao 33.849 0.726

CL_1 Chng trnh ao tao phuhp tot vi yeu cau cua thc tien. 0.600

CL_2 Noi dung mon hoc c oi mi, ap ng tot yeu cau ao tao. 0.620

CL_3 Phng phap giang cua GV phuhp vi yeu cau cua tng mon hoc. 0.652

CL_4 Giang vien cokien thc sau vemon hoc am trach. 0.673

CL_5 Cach anh giava cho iem sinh vien cong bang. 0.583

CL_6 To chc thi c, giam th coi thi nghiem tuc. 0.565

F2 C s vat chat 7.377 0.746

CL_8 C s vat chat trng ap ng tot nhu cau ao tao va hoc tap. 0.639

CL_9 Phong may tnh ap ng tot nhu cau thc hanh cua sinh vien. 0.680

CL_10 C svat chat th vien tot. 0.798

CL_11 Nhan vien th vien phuc vutot. 0.698

F3 Dch v u ho tr va phuc vu 9.166 0.811

CL_13 Dch vuy te ap ng tot sinh vien conhu cau. 0.645

CL_14 T van ap ng tot nhu cau chon la vahoc tap cua sinh vien. 0.718

CL_15 Dch vutai chnh hotrtot sinh vien conhu cau. 0.782

CL_17 Dch vuan uong giai khat phu hp vi nhu cau sinh vien. 0.638

CL_19 Nhan vien giao vu, thanh tra nhiet tnh phuc vusinh vien. 0.567

CL_20 Nhatrng vakhoa thng xuyen lang nghe ykien sinh vien. 0.579

46

Thang o n hng va hngBANG 3.4 Ket qua phan tch nhan to cua khai niem s hai long cua sinh vien

Bien quan sat Trong so

HL_1 Hoc tai trng H Kinh Te TPHCM hn nhng g toi mong i. 0.880

HL_2 Trng H Kinh Te giong nh trng H lytng matoi hang mong i. 0.883

HL_3 Toi hai long khi hoc tai trng H Kinh Te TPHCM. 0.862

Giatr Eigen

% bien thien c giai thchCronbach alpha

2.296

76.5220.846


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Cc bc xy dng thang o Likert1. Nhn din vt tn bin mun o lng: kinh nghim, quan

st, vthm d2. Lp ra mt danh sch cc pht biu hoc cu hi mang tnh

biu th. C th ly t l thuyt clin quan, c sch bo, kin chuyn gia, thc nghim.

3. Xc nh loi tr li:ng khng ng ; ng h -- phni; hu ch -- v ch; nhiu khng c; ging ti khngging ti; ph hp khng ph hp; lun lun khng baogi; ng khng ng

4. S lng mc : 3, 5 hay 7 mc .

5. Kim tra ton b cc mc hi bng cch kho st th 100 200 ngi.

6. Phn tch mc hi trong danh sch tm ra mt tp hp ccmc hi gip o lng c mt kha cnh ca khi nim/binmun nghin cu trong m hnh.

48

Phn tch cc mc hiTm ra v gi li nhng mc hi c ngha gip o lng c

mt kha cnh ca khi nim nghin cu t danh sch ccmc hi ban u -> kim tra tnh n hng

Tnh im cc tr li

Kim tra tng quan gia cc mc hi v tnh ton Cronbach alpha

Kim tra tng quan gia tng im ca tng ngi vim catng mc hi.

Tiu chun: ln hn 0,7. C th chp nhn ln hn hay bng 0,6


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49

Phn tch cc mc hi

50

Phn tch cc mc hiTrong trng hp thc hin nghin cu lp li, hay s dng thang

o c thit k v s dng trong cc nghin cu trc thtnh Cronbach cho tng tp hp bin gip o lng tngthnh phn ca cc khi nim dng trong nghin cu. Nukhi nim chc 1 thnh phn th chc 1 , nu khi nim c

nhiu thnh phn th s tnh cho tng tp bin o lngtng thnh phn.

Trong trng hp ngi nghin cu lm u tin thc hin vic olng khi nim dng trong nghin cu, cha bit r c baonhiu thnh phn trong khi nim, lc dng phn tch nhnt phn bit cc thnh phn, vnh vy bit c tngnhm bin o lng tng thnh phn ny, sau tnhCronbach tng tng nhm bin ny.


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PHN TCH NHN T KHM PH

Exploratory Factor Analysis - EFA

52

Khi nim v ng dngPhn tch nhn t l tn chung ca mt nhm cc th tc c s

dng ch yu thu nh v tm tt cc d liu.

Trong nghin cu, ta c th thu thp c mt s lng bin khln v hu ht cc bin ny c lin h vi nhau v s lngca chng phi c gim bt xung n mt s lng m

chng ta c th s dng c.


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53

M hnh phn tch nhn tcc nhn t chung c th c din t nh nhng kt hp tuyn

tnh ca cc bin quan st:

F W X W X W X W X i k k

= + + + +1 1 2 2 3 3 .. .

Fi

: c lng tr socua nhan toth i

W: quyen sohay trong sonhan to (weight or factor score coefficient)

k : sobien

54

Cc tham s thng k trong FAiu kin p dng FA: cc bin ctng quan vi nhauBarlett test of sphericity: kim nh ctng quan hay khng, gi

thuyt khng l: khng ctng quan gia cc bin quan st.

Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin (KMO): t 0,5 -> 1, cc tng quan ln nmc c th p dng FA.

v1 v2 v3 v4 v5 v6v1 1v2 0 1v3 0 0 1v4 0 0 0 1

v5 0 0 0 0 1V6 0 0 0 0 0 1


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Cc tham s thng k trong FACorrelation matrix (ma trn tng quan): ma trn cha tt c cc

h s tng quan cp gia cc cp bin trong phn tch. v1 v2 v3 v4 v5 v6

v1 1 0.039 0.321 0 0.314 -0.097v2 0.039 1 -0.13 0.534 0.352 0.593v3 0.321 -0.13 1 -0.432 0.474 0.037v4 0 0.534 -0.432 1 0.077 0.345v5 0.314 0.352 0.474 0.077 1 0.279v6 -0.097 0.593 0.037 0.345 0.279 1

Communality (phn chung): lng bin thin ca 1 bin c giithch chung vi cc bin khc (cng l phn bin thin cgii thch bi cc nhn t chung).

Eigenvalue: bin thin ca tp bin quan st c gii thch bimi nhn t rt ra so vi bin thin cn li ca tp bin quanst sau khi nhn t c rt ra.

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Cc tham s thng k trong FAFactor scores (cc im s nhn t): cc tr s c c lng cho

tng quan st trn tng nhn t c rt ra.

Cc bin gcCc nhn t

(bin tng hp)Factor score


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S lng nhn tPriori determination: t l thuyt, kinh nghim, cc kt qu nghin

cu trc.Da vo eigenvalue: eigenvalue th hin phn bin thin c gii

thch bi mi nhn t so vi bin thin ton b, nu phn binthin c gii thch ny ln (eigenvalue ln hn 1), th nhnt rt ra c ngha tm tt thng tin tt.

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Xoay cc nhn tThnh thong c mt vi bin c h s ln i vi hn mt nhn t

hoc c nhiu nhn t c h s ln trong cng mt bin, vicgii thch s tr nn khkhn

F1 F2ngua sau rang 0.050 0.618lam trang rang 0.891 -0.007lam khoe nuu rang -0.143 0.872lam hoi tho thom tho 0.726 -0.377lam sach cau rang 0.462 0.726lam rang bong hon 0.775 0.050

Mi bin gc nn c h s ti nhn t ln (0.4 tr ln) i vi chmt nhn t c rt ra.

-> xoay nhn t


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Xoay cc nhn t

-1 -0,5 0 +0,5 +1

-1

-0,5

+0,5

+ 1

Nhan to cha xoay II

Nhan to xoay II

V3V4

V5

V1V2

Nhantocha

xoay I

Nhan to xoay I

Xoay vn gi nguyn gc ban u ca cc nhn t

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Xoay cc nhn tXoay khng gi nguyn gc ban u ca cc nhn t

-1 -0,5 0 +0,5 +1

-1

-0,5

+0,5

+ 1

Nhan tocha xoay II

Nhantochaxoay I

V3V4

V5

V1V2

Nhan toxoayKhong gi nguyengoc ban au II

Nhan toxoaygi nguyengoc ban au II

Nhan toxoayginguyengoc ban au I

Nhan toxoayKhong ginguyengoc ban au I


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Xoay cc nhn t

F1 F2 F1 F2ngua sau rang 0.050 0.618 -0.014 0.620lam trang rang 0.891 -0.007 0.886 0.086lam khoe nuu rang -0.143 0.872 -0.233 0.852lam hoi tho thom tho 0.726 -0.377 0.761 -0.300lam sach cau rang 0.462 0.726 0.384 0.770lam rang bong hon 0.775 0.050 0.766 0.130

xoaycha xoay

F1

1.00.0-1.0

F2

1.0

0.0

-1.0

V6

V5

V4

V3

V2

V1

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t tn v gii thch cc nhn tVic gii thch cc nhn t c thc hin trn cs nhn ra ccbin c h s (factor loading) ln cng mt nhn t.

V chng ta c th tm tt cc d liu thu thp c ni rngngi tiu dng dng nhtm kim hai loi li ch chnh khi muakem nh rng: li ch thm m/giao tip x hi v li ch sc khe

F1 F2ngua sau rang -0.014 0.620lam trang rang 0.886 0.086lam khoe nuu rang -0.233 0.852lam hoi tho thom tho 0.761 -0.300lam sach cau rang 0.384 0.770lam rang bong hon 0.766 0.130


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Tnh tr s nhn tF W X W X W X W X

i k k = + + + +

1 1 2 2 3 3.. .

6543211 355,0171,0356,0116,0411,0012,0 XXXXXXF ++++=

F1 F2ngua sau rang -0.012 0.341lam trang rang 0.411 0.039lam khoe nuu rang -0.116 0.471lam hoi tho thom tho 0.356 -0.172lam sach cau rang 0.171 0.420lam rang bong hon 0.355 0.065

6543212 065,0420,0172,0471,0039,0341,0 XXXXXXF ++++=

T Factor score coefficient matrix (ma trn trng s nhn t),vit c phng trnh th hin tng nhn t nh l kt hpca cc bin gc.

T cc phng trnh th hin nhn t, th cc tr s ca ccbin gc vo phng trnh th s tnh c tr s nhn t chotng quan st.

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Tnh tr s nhn t

6543211 355,0171,0356,0116,0411,0012,0 XXXXXXF ++++=

6543212 065,0420,0172,0471,0039,0341,0 XXXXXXF ++++=

Tr s nhn tcha chun ha

(dng lnh compute)

Tr s nhn t chun hac lu li t ng nh lnhsave trong phn tch nhn t


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S dng kt qu phn tch nhn tSau khi rt trch c cc nhn t vlu li thnh cc binmi, chng ta s s dng cc bin mi ny thay cho tp hpbin gc a vo cc phn tch tip theo nhkim nhtrung bnh, ANOVA, tng quan & hi quy ...

V d: chng ta c th xem c khc bit gia nam v n haykhng v tm quan trng ca cc li ch khi mua kem nhrng bng mt kim nh t i vi mu c lp.

-> c s khc bit c ngha thng k: nam quan tm n lich giao tip x hi nhiu hn n (kt qu trang sau)

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S dng kt qu phn tch nhn tGroup Statistics

17 .3833755 .87044420 .21111373

18 -.3620768 1.000554 .23583278

17 -.2771805 1.155686 .28029505

18 .2617816 .77043184 .18159253

gii tnh

nam

n

nam

n

li ch giao tiep XH

li ch sc khoe

N MeanStd.

DeviationStd. Error

Mean

Independent Samples Test

.224 .639 2.346 33 .025 .7454523 .31781402

2.355 32.790 .025 .7454523 .31652189

5.726 .023 - 1.632 33 .112 -.5389620 .33021613

-1.614 27.663 .118 - .5389620 .33397778

Equal variancesassumed

Equal variancesnot assumed

Equal variances

assumed

Equal variancesnot assumed

li chgiao tiep

XH

li ch

sc khoe

F Sig.

Levene's Test forEquality of Variances

t dfSig.

(2-tailed)Mean

DifferenceStd. ErrorDifference

t-test for Equality of Means

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Phan Tich Du Lieu Trong Nghien Cuu Dinh Luong