phcn 2016 - lsgkerala.gov.inlsgkerala.gov.in/system/files/2018-06/Panchayat_raj...©‑mbØ‑v c‑mP‑v P\phcn 2016 D≈S ‑w 5 FU‑n‰d‑psS t]P‑v 6-A-h-Im-i-Xp-ey-X-bpw

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P\phcn 2016 P\phcn 20163]©mbØv cmPv 4 3]©mbØv cmPv 4PB 1

]‑pk‑vXI‑w 55 u e¡‑w 10 ]©‑mb¯‑v hI‑p¸‑v {]k‑n²‑oIcW‑w P\phcn 2016


]©‑mbØ‑v c‑mP‑vP\phcn 2016 D≈S°‑w

5 FU‑n‰d‑psS t]P‑v

6 -A-h-Im-i-Xp-ey-X-bpw kv-{Xo-bpw tU‑m. F‑w.sI. a‑p\‑oÀ

8 -hn-h-c hn-\n-a-b {]-Nm-c-W ]-cn-]m-Sn

10 kn-hn-Â c-Pn-kv-t{S-j³ kn-Ìw G-I-Zn-\ in-ev-]-im-e 2015---2016

11 C-ý³ P-\m-[n-]-Xyw \o-WmÄ hm-g-s« tUm. Fw.‑hn. tXm‑a‑kv

19 s]¬-Ip-«n-I-f-tÃ \-ap-¡v th-|-Xv? Sn. jmlpÂ l‑ao‑Zv

15 ImÀ-jn-I cw-K-s¯ sXm-gnÂ km-[y-X-ta-J-e-IÄ Fw.F. kp‑[oÀ‑_m‑_p

22 A-[n-Im-c hn-tI-{µo-I-c-W-¯n-sâ c-|v ]-Xn-äm-|p-IÄ, t\-«-§Ä, ]-cn-an-Xn-IÄ ]-cn-lm-c-§Ä civ‑an tam‑l³

27 hn-hm-l c-Pn-kv-t{S-j³ kptZ‑\³ F‑kv.

31 tI-c-f tem-¡Â K-h¬-saâ v

kÀ-ho-kv sU-en-h-dn t{]m-P-Iv-Sv

35 -th-§-c-{Km-a-]-©m-b-¯v an-I-hn-te-¡v Np-h-Sv sh-¡p-t¼mÄ

37 I-c-Ip-fw {Km-a-]-©m-b-¯vv 2014þ15-Â \-S-¸n-em-¡n-b \q-X-\ ]-²-Xn-IÄ

41 100 ]-©m-b-¯p-IÄ amÀ-¨v 31þ-\v ap-¼v k-¼qÀ-W C-þ-km-£-c-X t\-Spw a-{ń tUm. Fw.sI. ap-\oÀ

]-©-m-b-¯-v k-m-a-q-l-y-\-o-X-n

h-I-p-¸-v a-{´-n-¡-m-b-p-Å sh-_-v -

t]-mÀ-«-Â, compassionate-kerala.com a-p-J-y-a-{ -́n D-½³-N-m-|-n sk-

{I-«-d-n-tb-ä-n-Â D-Z-v-L-m-S-\-w sN-b-v-

X-p. N-S-§-n-Â h-y-h-k-m-b þ sF.S-n.

h-I-p-¸-v a-{´-n ]-n.sI.I-p-ª-m-e-n-

¡-p-«-n, a-{´-n tU-m.F-w.sI.a-p-\-oÀ,

k-m-a-q-l-y-\-o-X-n k-v-s]-j-y-Â sk-

{I-«-d-n F.j-m-P-l-m³, ]-©-m-b-̄ -v

U-b-d-I-v-SÀ k-n.F.e-X, k-m-a-q-l-y

k-p-c-£-m a-n-j³ F-I-v-k-n-I-y-q-«-o-h-v

U-b-d-I-v-SÀ tU-m.S-n.]-n.A-j-v-d-^-v

X-p-S-§-n-b-hÀ ]-s¦-S-p-¯-p. U-n-P-n-

ä-Â k-m-t¦-X-n-I h-n-Z-y I-q-S-p-X-Â

{]-tb-m-P-\-s¸-S-p-¯-n sI-m-|-v P-\-

§-f-p-sS ]-c-m-X-n-I-f-p-w \-n-th-Z-\-§-

f-p-w t\-c-n-«-v ]-©-m-b-¯-v k-m-a-q-l-y

\-o-X-n h-I-p-¸-v a-{´-n-¡-v e-`-y-a-m-

¡-p-¶ k-w-h-n-[-m-\-a-m-W-n-X-v. ]-c-m-X-n

e-`-n-¨-m-e-p-S³ X-s¶ A-X-v e-`-n-¨-p

F-¶ a-d-p-]-S-n H-c-p {]-tX-y-I \-¼À

DÄ-̧ -sS ]-c-m-X-n-¡-m-c-sâ sa-m-ss_-

e-n-te-t¡-m, I-¼-y-q-«-d-n-te-t¡-m C

sa-b-n-Â a-p-tJ-\-tb-m F-k-v.F-w.F-

k-v. B-tb-m A-b-¡-p-w. {]-i-v-\-w ]-c-n-l-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v-h-sc-tb-m A-´-n-a X-o-

c-p-a-m-\-w B-I-p-¶-X-v h-sc-tb-m A-¸-t¸-m-g-p-Å Ø-n-X-n-tb-m ]-c-m-X-n-¡-m-c-\-v

t\-c-n-«-v ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-p-w. DÄ-\-m-S-p-I-f-n-Â X-m-a-k-n-¡-p-¶ k-m-[-m-c-

W-¡-mÀ-¡-v t]-m-e-p-w sa-m-ss_-e-n-Â ]-c-m-X-n FâÀ sN-¿-m-\-p-w d-n-ssa³-U-v

sN-¿-m-\-p-w I-g-n-b-p-w. sa-m-ss_-Â B-¹-n-t¡-j³ {]-tb-m-P-\-s¸-S-p-¯-m³

I-g-n-b-p-¶ B³-t{U-m-b-n-U-v, B-̧ -nÄ ¹-m-ä-v-t -̂m-a-p-I-f-n-Â sa-m-ss_-Â B-]-v

e-`-y-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w.

t]mÀ-«-Â D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sN-bv-Xp

t

-c-f-¯-n-se X-t±-i `-c-W Ø-m-]-\-§-f-n-Â F-Ã-m-w-X-s¶

]-p-X-n-b P-\-{]-X-n-\-n-[-n-I-f-p-w, A-[-y-£³-a-m-c-p-w Ø-m-\-ta-ä-v

I-g-n-ª-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. A-X-p-sI-m-|-v X-s¶ Cu ]-p-X-p-hÀ-j-¯-n-Â

\-½-p-sS {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-p-I-f-n-e-m-sI H-c-p \-th-m-t·-j-w \-n-d-ª-v

\-n-Â-¡-p-¶-p. H-m-tc-m `-c-W-k-a-n-X-n-b-p-w a-p-t¶-m-«-p-Å A-©-v hÀ-j-

s¯-]-ä-n N-n-´-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w, Cu hÀ-j-§Ä-¡-p-Å-n-Â X-§-f-p-sS

{K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-p-I-f-n-Â F-s´-Ã-m-w k-m-[-y-a-m-¡-m-w, G-sX-Ã-m-w

X-c-̄ -n-e-p-Å h-n-I-k-\-w kz-m-b-̄ -a-m-¡-m-w F-¶-X-n-s\-̧ -ä-n-sb-m-s¡

I-q-S-n-b-m-te-m-N-\ \-S-¯-p-I-b-p-w sN-t¿-| k-a-b-a-m-W-n-X-v.

A-[-n-I-m-c-h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-c-W-w-sI-m-|-v e-£-y-a-n-S-p-¶-X-v H-m-tc-m

{]-tZ-i-s¯-b-p-w P-\-§-f-p-sS X-m-X-v-]-c-y-§Ä-¡-\-p-k-c-n-̈ -p-Å, A-h-

c-p-sS B-h-i-y-§Ä a-\-k-n-e-m-¡-n-b-p-Å h-n-I-k-\ B-k-q-{X-W-a-m-W-v.

B-k-q-{X-Ww {]-tZ-i-h-m-k-n-I-f-p-w I-q-S-n DÄ-s¸-«-m-Â a-m-{X-sa A-X-v

]-qÀ-®-a-m-b-n h-n-P-b-]-Y-¯-n-se-¯-n-¡-p-h-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-p-I-b-p-Å-q

F-¶ X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-h-v \-m-w G-hÀ-¡-p-w D-|-m-tI-|-X-p-|-v.

C-¯-c-¯-n-e-p-Å P-\-]-¦-m-f-n-¯-w D-d-¸-v h-c-p-t¯-|-X-v {K-m-

a-kÌ-f-p-sS a-n-I-¨ \-S-¯-n-¸-n-e-q-sS-b-m-W-v. \-½-p-sS ]-©-m-b-¯-v

`-c-W k-w-h-n-[-m-\-¯-n-se G-ä-h-p-w a-n-I-¨ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y Ø-m-]-

\-w "-{K-m-a-k-`-'b-m-W-v F-¶-X-n-Â XÀ-¡-§-sf-m-¶-p-a-n-Ã. {K-m-a-k-`

i-à-n-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-e-q-sS P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-a-m-W-v i-à-n-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v

F-¶-v \-m-w a-\-Ê-n-e-m-¡-W-w. tI-h-e-w tI-m-d-w X-n-I-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w,

\-S-]-S-n-{I-a-§Ä ]-qÀ-¯-n-b-m-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w th-|-n-b-Ã-m-sX {]-X-y-

£ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-th-Z-n F-¶ \-n-e-b-n-Â {K-m-a-k-`-I-sf \-m-w I-m-W-

W-w. H-m-tc-m ]u-c-\-p-w A-h-sâ A-`-n-{]-m-b-§-f-p-w, \-nÀ-t±-i-§-f-p-w,

B-h-e-m-X-n-I-f-p-w A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-Å th-Z-n-I-f-m-b-n {K-m-a-k-

`-IÄ i-à-n-s¸-S-W-w. F-¦-n-Â a-m-{X-sa \-m-w h-n-`-m-h-\-w sN-b-v-X

h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-r-X B-k-q-{X-W-h-p-w P-\ tI-{µ-o-I-r-X h-n-I-k-\-h-p-w

k-m-[-y-a-m-h-p-I-b-p-Å-q. ]-p-X-n-b A-[-y-£-·-mÀ F-Ã-m-w-X-s¶ Cu h-n-

j-b-¯-n-Â {]-tX-y-I {i-² sN-e-p-¯-p-w F-¶-I-m-c-y-¯-n-Â \-a-p-¡-v

D-¯-a h-n-iz-m-k-a-p-|-v.

C-\-n-b-p-Å I-p-d-̈ -v Z-n-h-k-§Ä H-m-tc-m ]-©-m-b-̄ -v k-a-n-X-n-¡pw,

P-o-h-\-¡-m-c-\-p-w h-f-sc \-nÀ-®-m-b-I-a-m-W.-v \-n-b-a-k-̀ -m X-n-c-sª-S-p-

¸-v ]-S-n-h-m-X-n-Â-¡-Â F-¯-n-\-n-Â-¡-p-¶ k-a-b-¯-v ]-²-X-n \-nÀ-Æ-l-

W-w ]-qÀ-̄ -o-I-c-n-¡-W-w F-¶-X-n-\-m-e-m-W-n-X-v. X-t±-i X-n-c-sª-S-p-̧ -v

I-m-c-W-w a-µ-K-X-n-b-n-e-m-b-n-c-p-¶ ]-²-X-n \-nÀ-Æ-l-W-w C-t -̧mÄ sa-̈ -

s¸-«-v h-c-p-¶-p-|-v. F-¶-m-Â X-s¶-b-p-w ]-²-X-n \-nÀ-Æ-l-W-¯-n-\-p-w,

2016þ17 ]-²-X-n B-k-q-{X-W-¯-n-\-p-w th-|-n \-m-w G-h-c-p-w D-WÀ-¶-v

{]-hÀ-̄ -n-t¡-| k-a-b-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p F-¶-v I-q-S-n H-mÀ-½-n-̧ -n-¡-p-¶-p.

k‑n.F. e‑X sF.F.Fk‑v.

]©‑‑mbØ‑‑v UbdI‑‑vS¿

D]tZiI ka‑nX‑n

sNb¿a‑m≥

tU‑m. F‑w.‑sI. a‑p\‑o¿

]©‑m‑bØ‑v k‑ma‑q‑l‑‑y‑\‑oX‑nhI‑p∏‑v a{¥‑n

A‑wKßƒ

Pb‑n‑wk‑v h¿§‑ok‑v, sF.F.‑Fk‑v.

{]‑n≥k‑n∏¬ sk{I´d‑n

Xt±ikzb‑w`cWhI‑p∏‑v

a‑n\‑n B‚W‑n, sF.F.‑Fk‑v.

UbdI‑vS¿

C≥^¿ta‑j≥ & ]ª‑nI‑v d‑ntej≥k‑v hI‑p∏‑v

]‑n.S‑n. a‑mX‑y‑p

{]k‑n‑U‚‑v

tIcf {K‑ma]©‑mbØ‑v Atk‑mk‑ntbj≥

]‑n.]‑n. P‑b‑n‑wk‑v

sk{I´d‑n, {]k‑v ¢_‑v, X‑nc‑ph\¥]‑pc‑w

APv-aÂ sP.

]ª‑nk‑n‰‑n H‑m^‑ok¿

]©‑m‑bØ‑v hI‑p∏‑v

I¨h‑o‑\¿

kn.F. e‑X sF.F.Fkv.

]©‑mbØ‑v UbdI‑vS¿

FU‑n‑‰¿

kn.F. e‑X sF.F.Fkv.

email: [email protected]: 0471-2323286

Ak‑nÃ‚‑v FU‑n‰¿

APv-aÂ sP.

email: [email protected]: 0471-2321280Mob: 9496047036

Ih¿ U‑nssk≥ & te Hu´‑v

[email protected]

teJIc‑psS A`‑n{]‑mb‑w

k¿°‑mc‑nt‚X‑mb‑nc‑n°Wsa∂‑n√.

Ahb‑psS ]‑q¿Æa‑mb DØch‑mZ‑nXz‑w

teJI¿°‑v a‑m{Xa‑mb‑nc‑n°‑p‑w.

]c‑k‑‑y‑ß‑f‑psS D‑≈S°Ø‑ne‑p‑w

]©‑m‑bØ‑vc‑mP‑n\‑v DØ‑c‑h‑m‑Z‑n‑X‑z‑a‑n‑√.

ta¬h‑n‑e‑mk‑wFU‑n‑‰¿

]©‑m‑bØ‑v c‑mP‑v a‑mk‑nI]©‑m‑bØ‑v Ub‑d‑I‑vS‑td‰‑v, a‑y‑q‑k‑nb‑w ]‑n.‑H.

X‑nc‑p‑h‑\‑¥‑]‑pc‑w ˛ 695033.

]©‑mbØ‑v c‑mP‑v]©‑m‑bØ‑v hI‑p∏‑v {]k‑n‑≤‑o‑I‑cW‑w

www.lsgkerala.gov.inP\phcn 2016 | ]‑pk‑vXI‑w 55 | e°‑w 10 | h‑m¿j‑nI hc‑nk‑wJ‑y: `120

FU‑nt‰‑md‑nb¬

tI

P\phcn 2016 P\phcn 20163]©mbØv cmPv 4 3]©mbØv cmPv 46 7

km

tU‑m. F‑w.sI. a‑p\‑o¿]©‑mbØ‑v k‑ma‑ql‑y\‑oX‑n hI‑p∏‑v a{¥‑n

A-h-Im-i-Xp-ey-X-bpw kv-{Xo-bpw

k-m-a-q-l-y-\-o-X-n F-Ã-m-h-c-p-sS-b-p-w A-h-I-m-i-a-m-W-v. X-p-e-y-X F-Ã-m

C-´-y³ ]u-c-·-mÀ-¡-p-w C-´-y³ `-c-W-L-S-\ D-d-¸-p-\Â-I-p-¶-p. k-m-

a-q-l-y-\-o-X-n e-`-n-¡-m-sX h-c-p-¶-X-v H-tc k-a-b-w A-h-I-m-i \-n-tj-[-

h-p-w `-c-W-L-S-\-m X-Xz-§Ä-¡-v F-X-n-c-p-a-m-I-p-¶-p. \-½-p-sS k-v-{X-o-IÄ-¡-v

k-¼-qÀ-®-a-m-b k-m-a-q-l-y-\-o-X-n e-`-n-¡-p-¶-n-sÃ-¦-nÂ A-hÀ-¡-v `-c-W-L-S-\

h-n-`-m-h-\ sN-b-v-X A-h-k-c-§-f-p-w k-a-Xz-h-p-w A-\-p-_-Ô A-h-I-m-i-§-f-p-w

e-`-n-¡-p-¶-n-Ã F-¶ K-p-c-p-X-c-a-m-b Ø-n-X-n h-n-ti-j-¯-n-\-v I-m-c-W-a-m-I-p-¶-p.

Social Justice is a social right.i-à-a-m-b h-\-n-X-m {]-Ø-m-\-§-f-p-w k-m-a-q-l-y {]-Ø-m-\-§-f-p-w h-\-n-

X-I-f-p-sS X-p-e-y-\-o-X-n-¡-m-b-n kÀ-h-eu-I-n-I X-e-¯-nÂ i-_-v-Z-a-p-bÀ-¯-p-

I-b-p-|-m-b-n. C-X-n-sâ ^-e-a-m-b-n sF-I-y-c-m-j-v-{S-k-`-m {]-J-y-m-]-\-§-f-p-w

\-n-b-a-\-nÀ-½-m-W-§-f-p-w D-|-m-b-n. 1979 a-p-XÂ-¡-m-W-v Cu h-n-j-b-w AÀ-l-n-

¡-p-¶ Ku-c-h-t¯-m-sS A-´-m-c-m-j-v-{S th-Z-n-I-f-nÂ NÀ-¨-m h-n-j-b-a-m-b-X-v.

k-v-{X-o-IÄ-¡-v A-h-k-c X-p-e-y-X ssI-h-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-e-p-w k-a-q-l-¯-nÂ X-p-

e-y-]-Z-h-n e-`-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-e-p-w 1979se-b-p-w 1995se-b-p-w b-p.F³. {]-J-y-m-]-\-


§Ä \-nÀ-®-m-b-I-a-m-b-n. F-¦-n-e-p-w k-v-{X-o C-¶-p-w

A-\-h-[-n A-h-K-W-\-IÄ-¡-p-w k-a-Xz-\-n-tj-[-

¯-n-\-p-w h-n-t[-b-b-m-W-v. i-m-c-o-c-n-I-ta-m sse-w-K-n-

I-ta-m B-b A-X-n-{I-a-¯-n-\-v a-q-¶-nÂ H-c-p k-v-{X-o

h-n-t[-b-b-m-I-p-¶-p F-¶-m-W-v C-X-v k-w-_-Ô-n-¨

d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-p-IÄ ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v. k-v-{X-o-b-p-sS A-´-Ê-v

C-h-n-sS B-{I-a-W h-n-t[-b-a-m-I-p-¶-p. te-m-I-s¯

730 tI-m-S-n B-sI P-\-k-w-J-y-b-nÂ k-v-{X-o-I-f-p-sS

F-®-w 363 tI-m-S-n-b-m-W-v, ]-p-c-p-j-·-m-c-p-tS-X-v 370

tI-m-S-n-b-p-w. 363 tI-m-S-n-b-p-sS 33 i-X-a-m-\-w F-¶-mÂ

120 tI-m-S-n-b-nÂ A-[-n-I-a-m-h-p-¶-p. C-{X-b-p-w k-v-{X-o-

IÄ \-n-i-_-v-Z C-c-I-f-m-W-v. C-´-y³ P-\-k-w-J-y

130 tI-m-S-n-b-m-W-v; C-X-nÂ 48.4% k-v-{X-o-I-f-m-W-v. 18

h-b-Ê-v X-n-I-b-p-w a-p-¼-v h-n-h-m-l-n-X-I-f-m-b 70 tI-m-

S-n k-v-{X-o-IÄ te-m-I-¯-p-|-v. C-h-c-nÂ-¯-s¶ 25

tI-m-S-n s]¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ 15 h-b-Ê-v X-n-I-b-p-w a-p-¼-v

h-n-h-m-l-n-X-I-f-m-b-h-c-m-W-v. ]-¯-nÂ H-c-p I-p-«-n-sb-

¦-n-e-p-w \-nÀ-_-Ô-n-X sse-w-K-n-I _-Ô-¯-n-\-v h-n-

t[-b-b-m-b-n-«-p-|-v. a-\-p-j-y-¡-S-¯-n-sâ C-c-I-f-nÂ

70% k-v-{X-o-I-f-p-w I-p-«-n-I-f-p-a-m-W-v. C-t -̧mÄ a-sä-m-c-p

I-p-ä-I-r-X-y-w I-q-S-n k-v-{X-o-IÄ-s¡-X-n-c-m-b-n h-y-]-

I-a-m-h-p-¶-p. ]-¯-nÂ H-¶-v k-v-{X-o-IÄ ssk-_À

I-p-ä-I-r-X-y-§Ä-¡-n-c-I-f-m-h-p-¶-p-|-v; {]-tX-y-I-n-̈ -p-w

18 þ 29 {]-m-b-¡-mÀ. s]¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v k-v-I-q-f-nÂ

t]-m-I-p-¶-X-n-t\-m th-m-«-v sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-t\-m A-h-

I-m-i-a-n-Ã-m-¯ N-n-e c-m-P-y-§-sf-¦-n-e-p-w C-¶-p-w

te-m-I-¯-p-|-v F-¶-X-v A-Z-v-`-p-X-a-m-b-n tX-m-¶-m-w.

te-m-I-̄ -v 10 tI-m-S-n s]¬-{ -̀q-W-l-X-y-IÄ \-S-¶-n-

«-p-|-m-h-m-w F-¶ sR-«-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶ H-c-p I-W-¡-v

A-aÀ-X-y-m-sk³ ]-p-d-¯-v-h-n-«-n-«-p-|-v.

tI-c-f-¯-n-se k-v-{X-o-I-f-p-sS Ø-n-X-n G-sd

sa-̈ -a-m-sW-¶-v k-½-X-n-t¡-|-X-m-b-n h-c-p-w. F-Ã-m-w

]-qÀ-®-a-m-b-n F-¶-v C-X-n-\-v AÀ-°-a-n-Ã. 19, 20

i-X-I-§-f-nÂ \-½-p-sS \-m-«-nÂ A-c-t§-d-n-b k-m-

a-q-l-y-\-th-m-°-m-\ {]-Ø-m-\-§-f-p-w X-p-SÀ-¶-p-h-¶

P-\-I-o-b K-h¬-saâ-p-IÄ \-S-̧ -m-¡-n-b \-b-§-f-p-w

\-½-p-sS k-v-{X-o-I-f-p-sS k-a-q-l-¯-n-se Ø-m-\-w

D-bÀ-¯-p-¶-X-nÂ \-nÀ-®-m-b-I ]-¦-v h-l-n-¨-p. tI-

c-f-o-b k-v-{X-o-IÄ A-h-c-p-sS A-h-I-m-i-§-sf-b-p-w

]-Z-h-n-sb-b-p-w I-p-d-n-¨-v t_-m-[-h-X-n-IÄ B-W-v.

A-X-p-sI-m-|-v X-s¶ A-hÀ-¡-p-Å-X-v tN-m-Z-n-¨-p

h-m-§-m-\-p-Å I-c-p-¯-v A-hÀ BÀ-Ö-n-¨-n-c-n-¡-p-

¶-p. e-n-w-K-k-a-Xz-w F-¶-X-v \-a-p-¡-v H-c-p h-n-I-k-\

A-P³-U-b-m-W-v. C-h-n-S-s¯ a-m-X-r þ i-n-i-p a-c-W

\-n-c-¡-p-w k-m-£-c-X-b-p-w h-n-I-k-n-X te-m-I-\-n-e-

h-m-c-¯-n-e-p-Å-X-m-W-v. 1000 ]-p-c-p-j³-a-mÀ-¡-v 1084

k-v-{X-o-IÄ F-¶-X-m-W-v P-\-k-w-J-y-m-\-p-]-m-X-w. D-¶-

X-h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k c-w-K-X-v-X 75þ80% s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-m-

W-v. \-½-p-sS B¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v F-´-v k-w-`-h-n-¨-p

F-¶-v A-t\z-j-n-t¡-| Ø-n-X-n-h-n-ti-j-a-m-W-n-X-v.

F-¶-mÂ \-½-p-sS sX-m-g-nÂ ta-J-e-b-nÂ k-v-{X-o-]-

¦-m-f-n-¯-w tI-h-e-w 22% a-m-{X-a-m-W-v.

I-p-S-p-w-_-{i-o F-¶ k-a-m-\-X-I-f-n-Ã-m-¯

{]-Ø-m-\-w k-v-{X-o-i-m-à-o-I-c-W þ Z-m-c-n-{Z-y \-nÀ-½-mÀ-Ö-\

c-w-K-¯-v ssI-h-c-n-¨ t\-«-w te-m-I-¯-n-\-v a-m-X-r-I-b-m-W-v.

X-t±-i-`-c-W Ø-m-]-\-§-f-n-te-¡-v sX-c-sª-S-p-¡-s¸-«-h-

c-nÂ 7500 e-[-n-I-w A-w-K-§Ä I-p-S-p-w-_-{i-o h-\-n-X-I-f-m-W-v;

B-sI-b-p-Å A-w-K-§-f-nÂ h-\-n-X-m {]-X-n-\-n-[-n-IÄ 54% D-|-v.

F-¦-n-e-p-w \-½-p-sS \-n-b-a \-nÀ-½-m-W-k-`-IÄ, c-m-j-v-{S-o-b t\-

X-r-Xz-§Ä, P-p-U-n-j-y-d-n, a-{ -́n-k-̀ F-¶-o th-Z-n-I-f-nÂ k-v-{X-o-

k-m-¶-n-²-y-w X-p-Ñ-a-m-W-v. Cu A-h-Ø-a-m-d-W-w. Cu c-w-K-s¯

]-p-c-p-j-ta-[-m-h-n-¯-w a-m-d-n k-v-{X-o þ ]-p-c-p-j k-a-Xz-w h-c-W-w.

25,000 P-\-k-w-J-y-b-p-Å `-n-¶-e-n-w-K h-n-`-m-K-h-p-w a-m-\-p-j-n-I

]-c-n-K-W-\-b-p-w A-´-Ê-p-w e-`-n-¨-v a-p-J-y-[-m-c-b-nÂ F-¯-W-w.

a-p-X-nÀ-¶-h-c-p-sS P-\-k-w-J-y-b-n-e-p-w k-v-{X-o-I-f-m-W-v I-q-S-p-XÂ.

A-h-c-nÂ 55% h-n-[-h-I-f-m-W-v, h-mÀ-²-I-y-̄ -n-se h-n-j-a-X-IÄ

G-sd t\-c-n-tS-|-n-h-c-p-¶-h-c-p-w k-v-{X-o k-a-q-l-a-m-W-v.

k-v-{X-o-a-p-t¶-ä-¯-n-\-v k-l-m-b-I-a-m-b t]-m-f-n-k-n-IÄ

K-h¬-saâ-v {]-J-y-m-]-n-¨-n-«-p-|-v. P³-UÀ C-Iz-m-f-n-ä-n B³-

U-v h-n-a³-k-v F-w-]-hÀ-saâ-v, h-tb-m-P-\-\-b-w, ssNÂ-U-v-

t]-m-f-n-k-n, a-m-X-r-I-m A-¦-W-h-m-S-n-IÄ, \-nÀ-`-b t]-m-f-n-k-n

C-h-sb-m-s¡ k-v-{X-o-i-m-à-o-I-c-W-w D-t±-i-n-¨-p-Å-h-b-m-W-v.

tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-s« P³-UÀ-]-mÀ-¡-v, F-d-W-m-I-p-f-¯-v h-c-m³

t]-m-I-p-¶ CâÀ-\-m-j-WÂ h-n-a³-k-v t{S-U-v skâÀ, j-o-S-m-

I-v-k-n F-¶-n-h-sb-m-s¡ Cu c-w-K-s¯ ]-c-n-hÀ-¯-\-¯-n-sâ

k-q-N-I-§-f-m-W-v. P³-UÀ _-P-ä-n-w-K-v tI-c-f K-h¬-saâ-v

A-w-K-o-I-c-n-¨-p I-g-n-ª-p.

k-m-a-q-l-y-\-o-X-n ssI-h-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-nÂ tI-c-f k-v-{X-o-IÄ

A-h-c-p-sS i-_-v-Z-a-p-bÀ-¯-W-w. kz-´-w A-h-I-m-i-w e-`-y-a-m-

¡-p-¶-X-v ]-p-c-p-j-te-m-I-¯-n-sâ Z-b-m-Z-m-£-n-W-y-w sI-m-|-m-h-

c-p-X-v. k-v-{X-o-a-p-t¶-ä-¯-n-\-v a-sä-m-c-p te-m-I-a-m-X-r-I-b-m-h-m³

tI-c-f-¯-n-\-v I-g-n-b-p-w; I-g-n-b-W-w. u


h-n-h-c h-n-\-n-a-b {]-N-m-c-W ]-c-n-]-m-S-n

-t±-i-a-n-{X-w (tI-c-f te-m-¡Â K-h¬-saâ-v kÀ-

Æ-o-k-v sU-e-n-h-d-n s{]-m-P-I-v-S-v) \-S-¸-m-¡-p-¶

h-n-h-c h-n-\-n-a-b {]-N-m-c-W ]-c-n-]-m-S-n-b-p-sS k-w-

Ø-m-\-X-e D-Z-v-v-L-m-S-\-w X-n-c-p-h-\-´-]-p-c-w S-m-tK-mÀ X-n-

b-ä-d-nÂ 2016 P-\-p-h-c-n 5, sN-m-Æ-m-g-v-N ssh-I-n-«-v \-S-¶-p.

a-p-J--y-a-{´-n D-½³-N-m-|-n- D-Z-v -L-m-S-\-w \-nÀ-Æ-l-n-¨

N-S-§-nÂ ]-©-m-b-¯-v k-m-a-q-l--y-\-o-X-n h-I-p-¸-v a-{´-n

tU-m. F-w.-sI. a-p-\-oÀ A-²--y-£-\-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. N-S-§-n-\-v

]-©-m-b-¯-v U-b-d-I-v-SÀ k-n.-F. e-X, sF.-F.-F-k-v.

kz-m-K-X-h-p-w, KLGSDP U-b-d-I-v-SÀ a-n-{X.- ä-n. sF.-F.-

F-k-v. I-r-X-Ú-X-b-p-w tc-J-s¸-S-p-¯-n.

tI-c-f-¯-n-se {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-p-IÄ h-g-n-b-p-w

a-p-\-n-k-n-¸-m-e-n-ä-n-IÄ h-g-n-b-p-w C-¶-v [-m-c-m-f-w P-t\-m-]-

P\p-hcn 20163]©mbØv cmPv 48

X


I-m-c-{]-Z-a-m-b ]-²-X-n-IÄ \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-n-h-c-p-

¶-p-|-v. F-¶-m-Â ̀ -q-c-n-̀ -m-K-w k-m-[-m-c-W P-\-

§-f-p-w C-X-n-s\-¸-ä-n A-Ú-c-m-W-v. h-n-h-c-

k-m-t¦-X-n-I h-n-Z--y-b-p-sS k-l-m-b-w-sI-m-|-v

tI-c-f-¯-n-se X-t±-i-`-c-W Ø-m-]-\-§Ä

[-m-c-m-f-w O-n-l-i-n-e tk-h-\-§Ä P-\-

§Ä-¡-v \Â-I-n h-c-p-¶-p-|-v. P-\-\,- a-c-W,

h-n-h-m-l kÀ-«-n-^-n-¡-ä-p-IÄ C-¶-v h-o-«-o-Â

C-c-p-¶-v X-s¶ Uu¬-te-m-U-v sN-¿-m-h-p-¶-

X-m-W-v. F-¶-mÂ C-X-n-s\-¸-ä-n-sb-Ã-m-w A-d-n-

h-p-f-f-hÀ N-p-c-p-¡-a-m-W-v.

h-n -tI-{µ-o -I-r -X B-k-q-{X-W-¯-nÂ

C-¶-v tI-c-f-w C³-U-y-b-n-se a-ä-v k-w-Ø-m-\-

§Ä-s¡-¶-v a-m-{X-a-Ã te-m-I-¯-n-\-v X-s¶

a-m-X-r-I-b-m-W-v. h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-r-X B-k-q-{X-W-

h-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s¸-«-v tI-c-f-¯-n-tâ-X-m-b-n

[-m-c-m-f-w- h--y-X--y-k-v-X ]-²-X-n-IÄ-¡-v c-q-]-w

sI-m-S-p-¯-n-«-p-|-v. F-¶-mÂ C-X-n-s\-¸-ä-n-

sb-Ã-m-w i-c-n-b-m-b h-n-[-¯-n-e-p-f-f A-d-n-h-v

s]-m-X-p-P-\-§Ä-¡-n-Ã. Cu X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-h-nÂ

\-n-¶-m-W-v X-t±-i-k-z-b-w-`-c-W h-I-p-¸-v C-¯-

c-¯-n-e-p-f-f h-n-h-c-h-n-\-n-a-b {]-N-m-c-W ]-c-n-

]-m-S-n-¡-v c-q-]-w \Â-I-n-b-X-v. C-X-n-\-p-th-|-n

FÂ.-F-k-v.-P-n.-U-n. {]-n³-k-n-¸Â sk-{I-«-d-n

P-b-n-w-k-v hÀ-£-o-k-v, sF.-F.-F-k-v. s\

sN-bÀ-a-m-\-m-¡-n H-c-p Ì-n-b-d-n-w-K-v I-½-n-ä-n c-q-

]-o-I-c-n-¨-n-«-p-|-v. {]-N-c-W ]-c-n-]-S-n-b-p-a-m-b-n

_-Ô-s¸-«-v [-m-c-m-f-w ]-c-n-]-m-S-n-IÄ A-k-q-

{X-W-w sN-b-v-X-n-«-p-|-v. h-c-p-w-Z-n-h-k-§-f-nÂ

C-sX-Ã-m-w X-s¶ P-\-§-f-n-te-b-v-¡-v F-¯-n-

t¨-c-p-w F-¶-v {]-X-o-£-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶-p. X-t±-i-

`-c-W-Ø-m-]-\-§Ä \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-n-h-c-p-¶ a-m-

X-r-I-m ]-²-X-n-I-f-p-sS tU-m-I--y-p-sa-tâ-j-\-p-w

h-n-h-c h-n-\-n-a-b {]-N-m-c-W ]-c-n-]-m-S-n-b-p-sS

`-m-K-a-m-b-n B-k-q-{X-W-w sN-¿-p-¶-p-|-v.

Cu ]-c-n-]-m-S-n-b-p-sS k-w-Ø-m-\-X-e

D-Z-v-v-L-m-S-\-a-m-W-v P-\-p-h-c-n 5 \-v a-p-J--y-a-{´-n

D-½³-N-m-|-n \-nÀ-Æ-l-n-¨-X-v.

P\p-hcn 20163]©mbØv cmPv 4 9

u


u

-h-n-Â c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³

k-n -Ì-¯-n-sâ k-w-

Ø-m-\-X-e i-n-e-v -]-

i-m-e 2016 P-\-p-h-c-n a-m-k-w

8þ-m-w X-o-b-X-n ]-n.U-_-v-f-n-

b-p.U-n. sd-Ì-v lu-k-v ssX-

¡-m-S-v X-n-c-p-h-\-´-]-p-c-¯-v

sh-¨-v \-S-¶-p. sU-]-y-q-«-n

N-o-^-v c-P-n-k-v-{S-mÀ kz-m-K-

X-w B-i-w-k-n-¨-v D-Z-v-L-m-S-\

k-t½-f-\-̄ -n-Â N-o-̂ -v c-P-n-

k-v-{S-mÀ F-k-v.e-X A-²-y-

£-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. k-t½-f-\-w

]-©-m-b-¯-v U-b-d-I- v -SÀ

k-n.F.e-X,sF.F.F-k-v.

D-Z-v-L-m-S-\-w sN-b-v-X-p. F-¡-

tW-m-a-n-I-v-k-v Bâ-v Ì-m-ä-n-

Ì-n-I-v-k-v h-I-p-¸-v A-U-o-j-

W-Â U-b-d-I-v-SÀ F.]-n.l-

c-n-e-m-Â, sk³-k-k-v U-n-

¸-mÀ-«-v-saâ-v A-k-n. U-b-d-

I-v-SÀ sI.Ú-m-\ {]-I-m-i-w

k-n-h-n-Â c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³ k-n-Ì-w G-I-Z-n-\ i-n-e-v-]-i-m-e 2015--2016

F-¶-n-hÀ ]-c-n-]-m-S-n-b-n-Â ]-s¦-S-p-¯-v k-w-k-m-c-n-¨-p.

D-Z-v-L-m-S-\ k-t½-f-\-̄ -n-\-v ti-j-w c-|-v sk-j-\-p-I-f-m-b-n ¢-m-Ê-p-IÄ \-S-¶-p. "P-\-

\-þ-a-c-W k-n-h-n-Â c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³ þ H-c-h-te-m-I-\-w' F-¶ h-n-j-b-s¯ A-S-n-Ø-m-\-s -̧S-p-

¯-n sI.{]-i-m-´-v I-p-a-mÀ, k-o-\-n-bÀ k-q-{]-|-v ]-©-m-b-¯-v U-b-d-I-v-t{S-ä-v ¢-m-sk-S-p-¯-p.

c-|-m-a-s¯ sk-j³ "tk-h-\ k-n-h-n-Â c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³ tk-m-^-v-ä-v sh-bÀ D-]-tb-m-K-h-p-w

þ k-w-i-b-§-f-p-w' F-¶ h-n-j-b-s¯ A-S-n-Ø-m-\-s -̧S-p-̄ -n a-n-j.F-k-v.h-n., sF.sI.F-w.

s{]-m-P-I-v-S-v a-m-t\-PÀ k-w-k-m-c-n-¨-p.


kn


P \-k-w-J-y-b-p-sS A-S-n-Ø-m-\-

¯-nÂ te-m-I-¯-n-se G-ä-h-p-w

h-e-n-b P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-c-m-j-v-{S-a-m-

W-v C-́ -y. 1950 P-\-p-h-c-n 26\-v {]-m-_-

e-y-̄ -nÂ h-¶ C-́ -y³ ̀ -c-W-L-S-\

te-m-I-̄ -v \-n-e-h-n-e-p-Å ̀ -c-W-L-S-\-

I-f-nÂ G-ä-h-p-w h-e-n-¸-w I-q-S-n-b-X-m-

W-v. Cu `-c-W-L-S-\-b-p-sS G-ä-h-p-w

{]-[-m-\-s -̧« {]-tX-y-I-X-I-f-n-se-m-¶-v

A-X-n-sâ B-a-p-J-a-m-W-v. A-X-p-{]-

I-m-c-w C-´-y H-c-p ]-c-a-m-[-n-I-m-c

tk-m-j-y-e-n-Ì-v a-tX-X-c P-\-m-[-n-]-

X-y d-n-¸-»-n-¡-m-W-v. tk-m-j-y-e-n-k-w,

a-tX-X-c-Xz-w F-¶-o B-i-b-§Ä

`-c-W-L-S-\-b-p-sS B-a-p-J-¯-nÂ

DÄ-s¡-m-Å-n-¨-X-v 1976 Â 42þ-m-w t`-Z-

K-X-n a-p-tJ-\-b-m-W-v. B-a-p-J-¯-nÂ

\-m-f-n-X-p-h-sc Cu H-c-p t`-Z-K-X-n a-m-

{X-ta h-c-p-¯-n-b-n-«-p-Å-q. I-c-S-v ̀ -c-W-

L-S-\-m-k-a-n-X-n-b-p-sS A-[-y-£³

A-¶-v \-n-b-a a-{´-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶ tU-m.

_-n.-BÀ. A-w-t_-Z-v-IÀ B-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

\-n-b-a \-nÀ-½-m-W k-`-b-p-sS B-Z-y-

k-t½-f-\-w 1946 U-n-k-w-_À 9þ-\-m-

W-v tNÀ-¶-X-v. 1946 U-n-k-w-_À 11\-v

tU-m. c-m-tP-{µ-{]-k-m-Z-v Cu k-`-b-p-

sS A-[-y-£-\-m-b-n X-n-c-sª-S-p-¡-

s¸-«-p. C-´-y³ `-c-W-L-S-\-b-v-¡-v

`-c-W-L-S-\-m-k-a-n-X-n A-´-n-a-m-w-K-o-

I-m-c-w \Â-I-n-b-X-v 1949 \-h-w-_À

26\-v B-b-n-c-p-¶-p. Cu Z-n-\-w `-c-W-

L-S-\-m-Z-n-\-a-m-b-n B-N-c-n-¡-p-sa-¶-v

tI-{µ-kÀ-¡-mÀ A-S-p-¯-I-m-e-¯-v

{]-J-y-m-]-n-¨-p.

C-´-y³ `-c-W-L-S-\-b-p -sS

"l-r-Z-b-h-p-w B-ß-m-h-p-w' F-¶-v h-n-

ti-j-n-¸-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v au-e-n-I-m-h-

I-m-i-§Ä B-W-v. k-a-Xz-¯-n-\-p-Å

A-h-I-m-i-w kz-m-X-{´-y-¯-n-\-p-Å

A-h-I-m-i-w, N-q-j-W-¯-n-s\-X-n-tc

D-Å A-h-I-m-i-w, a-X kz-m-X-{´-y-

¯-n-\-p-Å A-h-I-m-i-w, k-m-w-k-v-I-m-

c-n-I-h-p-w h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-]-c-h-p-a-m-b

A-h-I-m-i-§Ä, `-c-W-L-S-\-m-]-c-

a-m-b {]-X-n-h-n-[-n-¡-p-Å A-h-I-m-i-w

F-¶-n-h au-e-n-I-m-h-I-m-i-§-f-nÂ

DÄ-s¸-S-p-¶-p. au-e-n-I-m-h-I-m-i-§Ä

\-n-tj-[-n-¡-s¸-«-mÂ A-h Ø-m-]-n-

¨-p I-n-«-p-¶-X-n-\-m-b-n ]u-c-·-mÀ-¡-v

ssl-t¡-m-S-X-n-sb-tb-m k-p-{]-o-w-tI-m-

S-X-n-sb-tb-m k-a-o-]-n-¡-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

`-c-W-L-S-\-b-p-sS \-m-e-m-w-`-m-K-

¯-v DÄ-s¡-m-Å-n-¨-n-«-p-Å a-mÀ-K-\-nÀ-

t±-i-I X-¯z-§Ä c-m-j-v-{S-¯-n-\-v

i-c-n-b-m-b Z-n-i-m-t_-m-[-w \Â-I-p-¶-p.

F-¶-mÂ tI-m-S-X-n -IÄ a-p -tJ-\

A-h \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-p-I-b-n-Ã.

c-m-P-y-¯-v B-I-a-m-\-w _-m-[-I-a-m-b

H-c-p k-n-h-nÂ \-n-b-a k-w-l-n-X \-nÀ-

½-n-¡-p-I, tK-m-h-[-w \-n-tc-m-[-n-¡-p-I,

a-Z-y-\-n-tc-m-[-\-w \-S-¸-m-¡-p-I, ]-«-n-I-

P-m-X-n-þ-]-«-n-I hÀ-¤-¡-m-c-p-sS-b-p-w a-ä-v

]-n-¶-m-¡-h-n-̀ -m-K-¡-m-c-p-sS-b-p-w h-n-Z-y-m-

`-y-m-k-]-c-h-p-w k-m-¼-¯-n-I-h-p-a-m-b

X-mÂ-¸-c-y-§-sf k-h-n-ti-j -{i-²-

tb-m-S-p-I-q-S-n {]-m-hÀ-¯-n-I-a-m-¡-p-I,

C-´-y³ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-w \-o-W-mÄ h-m-g-s«

tUm. Fw.-hn. tXm-a-kv

P\phcn 20163]©mbØv cmPv 411


k-v-{X-o-IÄ-¡-p-w ]-p-c-p-j-·-mÀ-¡-p-w

X-p-e-y tP-m-e-n-¡-v X-p-e-y th-X-\-w

e-`-y-a-m-¡-p-I X-p-S-§-n H-c-p t£-a

c-m-j-v-{S-¯-n-\-v A-\-n-h-m-c-y-a-m-b A-\-

h-[-n a-mÀ-K-\-nÀ-t±-i-§Ä C-´-y³

`-c-W-w a-p-t¼-m-«-v h-b-v -¡-p-¶-p-|-v.

A-b-n-̄ \-nÀ-½-mÀ-P-\-w, _-m-e-th-e

\-n-tc-m-[-\-w ]-©-m-b-¯-v c-m-P-v, 14

h-b-Ê-p-h-sc-b-p-Å I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v ku-

P-\-y h-n-Z-y-m-̀ -y-m-k-w F-¶-n-h-b-v-¡-p-Å

h-y-h-Ø-I-f-p-w ̀ -c-W-L-S-\-b-n-e-p-|-v.

1976 se `-c-W-L-S-\-m -t`-

Z-K-X-n {]-I-m-c-w ]u-c-·-mÀ-¡-p-w

au-e- n -I IÀ-¯-h-y -§Ä F-¶

]-p-X-n-b H-c-p-h-n-`-m-K-w `-c-W-L-S-\-

b-nÂ tNÀ-¡-p-I-b-p-|-m-b-n. a-p³

tk-m-h-y-ä-v `-c-W-L-S-\-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v

I-S-sa-S-p-¯-m-W-v C-§-s\ H-c-p h-n-

`-m-K-w (IV-þ-F) C-´-y³ `-c-W-L-S-\-

b-nÂ DÄ-s -̧S-p-̄ -n-b-X-v. C-́ -y-b-p-sS

]-c-a-m-[-n-I-m-c-h-p-w sF-I-y-h-p-w A-J-

Þ-X-b-p-w \-n-e \-nÀ-¯-p-I-b-p-w k-w-

c-£-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-I. \-½-p-sS

k-©-n-X k-w-k-v-I-m-c-¯-n-sâ k-¼-

¶-a-m-b ]-m-c-¼-c-y-s¯ h-n-e-a-X-n-¡-p-

I-b-p-w \-n-e-\-n-d-p-̄ -p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-I,

s]-m-X-p-a-p-XÂ ]-c-n-c-£-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w

l-n-w-k hÀ-P-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-I,

-̀c-W-L-S-\-sb A-\-p-k-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w

A-X-n-sâ B-ZÀ-i-§-sf-b-p-w Ø-m-

]-\-h-\-§-sf-b-p-w tZ-i-o-b ]-X-m-

I-sb-b-p-w tZ-i-o-b K-m-\-s¯-b-p-w

B-Z-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-I X-p-S-§-n-b

k-p-{]-[-m-\ IÀ-¯-h-y-§Ä A-\-p-

j-vT-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-m-W-v `-c-W-L-S-\

]u-c-·-m-tc-m-S-v B-h-i-y-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v.

X-n-c-sª-S-p-¡-s¸-« c-m-{ã-¯-

e-h-t\-m-S-p I-q-S-n -b H-c-p c-m-j-v -{S-

s¯-b-m-W-v "d-n-¸-»-n-I-v' F-¶-v h-y-

h-l-c-n-¡-p-¶X-v. te-m-I-v-k-`-b-n-se

`-q-c-n-]-£ I-£-n-b-p-sS-tb-m a-p-¶-

W-n-b-p-sS-tb-m t\-X-m-h-m-W-v {]-[-m-\-

a-{´-n -b-m-b-n {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶-X-v.

1951þ52 I-m-e-b-f-h-n-e-m-W-v C-́ -y-b-nÂ

B-Z-y-s¯ s]-m-X-p X-n-c-sª-S-p-¸-v

\-S-¶-X-v. 1952 G-{]-nÂ 17þ-\-m-W-v

B-Z-y te-m-I k-` \-n-e-h-nÂ h-¶-X-v.

A-¶-p a-p-X-e-n-t¶-m-f-w b-Y-m-h-n-[-n

X-n-c-sª-S-p-¸-p-IÄ \-S-¡-p-I-b-p-w

\-nÀ-h-n-L-v-\-w A-[-n-I-m-c-ss¡ a-m-ä-

§Ä \-S-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-n-«-p-|-v.

\-½-p-sS X-n-c-sª-S-p-¸-p I-½-o-j-sâ

C-t¶-m-f-a-p-Å {]-hÀ-¯-\-w I-p-ä-a-ä-

X-p-w P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y k-{¼-Z-m-b-¯-n-\-v

X-n-I-¨-p-w A-\-p-tb-m-P-y-h-p-a-m-sW-¶-v

te-m-I-sa-¼-m-S-p-w A-w-K-o-I-c-n-¡-s¸-

«-n-«-p-|-v. c-|-m-w te-m-I-a-l-m-b-p-²-

¯-n-\-p ti-j-w G-j-y-b-n-se-b-p-w

B-{ -̂n-¡-b-n-se-b-p-w sX-t¡ A-ta-c-n-

¡-b-n-se-b-p-w H-t«-sd tI-m-f-\-n c-m-j-v-

{S-§Ä h-n-tZ-i-m-[-n-]-X-y-̄ -nÂ \-n-¶-v

h-n-a-p-à-n t\-S-n-sb-¦-n-e-p-w A-h-b-nÂ

_-l-p-`-q-c-n-]-£-h-p-w G-I-m-[-n-]-X-y-

¯-n-te-t¡-m ]-«-m-f `-c-W-¯-n-te-

t¡-m? h-g-p-X-n h-o-g-p-I-b-m-W-p-|-m-b-

X-v. F-¶-mÂ a-m-X-r-I-m-]-c-a-m-b X-n-c-

sª-S-p-̧ -p-I-f-n-e-q-sS-b-p-w k-p-K-a-a-m-b

A-[-n-I-m-c-ss¡-a-m-ä-§-f-n-e-q-sS-b-p-w

C-´-y P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-te-m-I-¯-v sh-

¶-n-s¡-m-S-n ]-m-d-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v.

\-q-ä-m-|-p-\-o-| h-n-tZ-i `-c-W-

¯-n-sâ-b-p-w N-q-j-W-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w

^-e-a-m-b-n P-o-h-n -X-¯-n-sâ A-S-n -

Ø-m-\ ku-I-c-y -§Ä t]-m-e-p -w

\-n-tj-[-n-¡-s¸-«-v, Z-m-c-n-{Z-y-¯-n-e-p-w

\-n-c-£-c-X-b-n-e-p-w A-I-s¸-«-v h-e-b-p-

¶-h-c-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p `-q-c-n-]-£-w P-\-§-

f-p-w. C-´-y-m-þ-]-m-I-n-Ø-m³ h-n-`-P-\-w

k-r-j-v-S-n-̈ {]-i-v-\-§Ä t]-m-e-p-w \-Ã

a-\x-k-m-¶-n-[-y-t¯-m-sS-b-p-w a-\-p-j-y-

k-v-t\-l-t¯-m-sS-b-p-w ssI-I-m-c-y-w

sN-¿-m³ C-́ -y-b-n-se ]-p-X-n-b ̀ -c-W-

I-q-S-¯-n-\-v I-g-n-ª-p. A-tX-m-sS-m-¸-w

h-n-I-k-\ ]-m-X-b-n-e-q-sS _-l-p-Z-q-c-w

a-p-t¶-d-m-\-p-w C-´-y-¡-v k-m-[-y-a-m-b-n.

1951 Â X-p-S-¡-w I-p-d-n-̈ ]-©-h-Õ-c

]-²-X-n-IÄ C-´-y-b-p-sS kÀ-h-tX-m-

a-p-J-a-m-b B-k-q-{X-n-X ]-p-tc-m-K-X-n-¡-v

h-g-n sX-f-n-¨-p. Z-c-n-{Z-c-m-P-y-sa-¶-v a-p-{Z

I-p-¯-s¸-« Cu c-m-j-v-{S-w I-p-d-ª-

I-m-e-w sI-m-|-p-X-s¶ `-£-y-kz-b-w-

]-c-y-m-]-v-X-X ssI-h-c-n-¨-p. h-y-m-h-k-m-

b-n-I c-w-K-¯-v C-´-y-b-v -¡-p-|-m-b

]-p-tc-m-K-X-n-b-p-w {]-i-w-k-mÀ-l-a-m-b-n-

c-p-¶-p. C-¡-m-e-̄ -v h³-I-n-S h-y-h-k-m-

b-§-f-p-w h³-I-n-S A-W-s¡-«-p-I-f-p-w



D-bÀ-¶-p-h-¶-p. kz-I-m-c-y-ta--J-e-b-p-w

s]-m-X-p-ta-J-e-b-p-w ssI-tI-mÀ-¯-v

a-p-t¶-d-p-¶ H-c-p a-n-{i-n-X k-¼-Z-v-h-y-

h-Ø-b-m-W-v C-´-y-¡-v H-m-tc-m c-w-K-

¯-p-w h-e-n-b t\-«-§Ä D-|-m-¡-n-

s¡-m-S-p-̄ -X-v. i-m-k-v-{X-þ-k-m-t¦-X-n-I

ta-J-e-I-f-nÂ C-´-y ssI-h-c-n-¨ t\-

«-§-f-p-w F-S-p-¯-p-]-d-tb-|-X-p-|-v.

B-W-th-mÀ-P h-n-I-k-\-w, _-l-n-c-m-

I-m-i K-th-j-W-w X-p-S-§-n-b c-w-K-

§-f-nÂ B-tK-m-f-X-e-̄ -nÂ-t -̧m-e-p-w

k-a-p-¶-X Ø-m-\-a-m-W-v C-́ -y-¡-p-Å-

X-v. {]-X-n-tc-m-[ i-à-n-b-n-e-p-w C-´-y

A-k-q-b-m-h-l-a-m-b t\-«-w ssI-h-c-n-

-̈p. 1962 Â ssN-\ C-́ -y-b-p-sS taÂ

I-S-¶-m-{I-a-W-w \-S-¯-n-b-t¸-mÄ

C-´-y-b-p-sS \-n-e ]-c-p-§-e-n-e-m-b-n-c-p-

¶-p. F-¶-mÂ 1965 Â \-S-¶ C-´-y-m-

þ-]-m-I-v b-p-²-¯-n-e-p-w 1971 Â \-S-¶

_-w-¥-m-tZ-i-v b-p-²--¯-n-e-p-w 1999 Â

\-S-¶ I-mÀ-K-nÂ b-p-²-̄ -n-e-p-w ]-m-I-n-

Ø-m-s\ ]-c-m-P-b-s¸-S-p-¯-p-h-m³

k-m-[-y-a-m-b-X-v C-´-y-b-p-sS b-i-Ê-p-

bÀ-¯-n. a-q-¶-m-w te-m-I-c-m-j-v-{S-§-

f-p-sS t\-X-r-Xz-w G-sä-S-p-¯ C-´-y

h-n-I-kz-c c-m-j-v-{S-§-f-p-sS a-mÀ-K-ZÀ-

i-n-b-m-b-n.

kz-m-X-{´-y-e-_-v-[-n-¡-p ti-j-w

C-́ -y³ _-m-¦-n-w-K-v ta-J-e I-q-S-p-XÂ

_-e-n-j-vT-h-p-w tk-h-t\-m-ß-p-J-h-p-

a-m-b-n-¯-oÀ-¶-p. 1964 P-q-sse 19\-v

tI-{µ-kÀ-¡-mÀ 14 {]-a-p-J kz-I-m-

c-y _-m-¦-p-IÄ tZ-i-k-m-X-v-¡-c-n-¨-p.

1980 G-{]-nÂ 15 \-v B-d-v kz-I-m-c-y

_-m-¦-p-IÄ I-q-S-n tZ-i-k-m-X-v-¡-c-W-

¯-n-\-v h-n-t[-b-a-m-b-n. tÌ-ä-v _-m-¦-v

H-m|-v C-´-y-b-p-w A-X-n-sâ A-\-p-

_-Ô _-m-¦-p-I-f-p-w t\-c-s¯ X-s¶

kÀ-¡-m-c-n-sâ \-n-b-{´-W-¯-n-e-m-W-v

{]-hÀ-¯-n-¨-p-sI-m-|-n-c-p-¶-X-v. C-´-y-

b-nÂ kz-I-m-c-y-ta-J-e-b-n-e-p-w s]-m-

X-p-ta-J-e-b-n-e-p-w {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶

F-Ã-m {]-a-p-J _-m-¦-p-I-f-p-w d-n-kÀ-h-v

_-m-¦-n -sâ \-nÀ-t±-i-m-\-p -k-c-W-w

{]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-W-sa-¶-v h-y-h-Ø sN-

¿-s¸-«-p. {]-m-tZ-i-n-i-n-I {K-m-a-o-W

_-m-¦-p-IÄ, kz-I-m-c-y-ta-J-e-b-n-se

\-y-q-P-\-td-j³ _-m-¦-p-IÄ, h-n-tZ-i-

_-m-¦-p-IÄ, k-l-I-c-W _-m-¦-p-IÄ,

h-n-h-n-[ ta-J-e-I-f-n-se h-n-I-k-\

_-m-¦-p-IÄ F-¶-n-h-b-p-w _-m-¦-n-w-K-v

ta-J-e-I-f-nÂ k-P-o-h-a-m-b-n {]-hÀ-

¯-n-¨-p. I-g-n-ª H-c-p ]-X-n-ä-m-|-n-te-sd-¡-m-e-a-m-b-n k-m-¼-¯-n-I-a-m-µ-y-w

B-tK-m-f-X-e-¯-nÂ B-ª-S-n-¨-v h-n-I-k-n-X c-m-j-v-{S-§-sf-b-p-w h-n-I-kz-c c-m-

j-v-{S-§-sf-b-p-w A-X-n-c-q-£-a-m-b k-m-¼-¯-n-I {]-X-n-k-Ô-n-b-n-e-m-¡-n-b-n-«-p-w

C-´-y-¡-v k-m-c-a-m-b ]-c-n-¡-v GÂ-¡-m-sX ]-n-S-n-¨-p \-nÂ-¡-m-\-m-b-X-v \-½-p-sS

k-p-k-w-L-S-n-X-a-m-b _-m-¦-n-w-K-v {]-Ø-m-\-¯-n-sâ I-c-p-¯-p-a-q-e-a-m-sW-¶-v

te-m-I-c-m-j-v-{S-§Ä h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-n. C³-j-p-d³-k-v ta-J-e-b-n-e-p-w \-a-p-¡-v A-`-n-

a-m-\-n-¡-m-h-p-¶ t\-«-§-f-m-W-v D-|-m-b-X-v. A-[-n-I-m-c h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-c-W-¯-nÂ

C-´-y ssI-h-c-n-¨ t\-«-a-m-W-v F-S-p-¯-p ]-d-tb-| a-sä-m-c-p I-m-c-y-w. K-m-Ô-n-P-n

h-n-̀ -m-h-\-w sN-b-v-X "{K-m-a-kz-c-m-P-v' {]-m-hÀ-̄ -n-I-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-th-|-n 1992 Â

-̀c-W-L-S-\-b-p-sS 72þ-m-w t -̀Z-K-X-n {]-I-m-c-w h-y-h-Ø-IÄ D-|-m-¡-n. {K-m-a-X-e-w,

t»-m-¡-v-X-e-w, P-n-Ã-m-X-e-w F-¶-n-§-s\ {X-n-X-e ]-©-m-b-¯-v k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w,

Cu H-m-tc-m X-e-¯-n-te-¡-p-w t\-c-n-«-p-Å X-n-c-sª-S-p-¸-v, ]-«-n-I-P-m-X-n-þ-]-«-n-I-

hÀ-¤-¡-mÀ-¡-p-w k-v-{X-o-IÄ-¡-p-w k-w-h-c-W-w, {K-m-a-k-`-I-f-p-sS c-q-]-h-X-v-¡-c-

W-w, X-m-tg-¯-«-n-e-p-Å B-k-q-{X-W {]-{I-n-b a-p-X-e-m-b k-p-{]-[-m-\ \-S-]-

S-n-IÄ-¡-v `-c-W-L-S-\-m-]-c-a-m-b-n h-y-h-Ø sN-¿-p-¶ Cu t`-Z-K-X-n C-´-y³

P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-s¯ I-q-S-p-XÂ k-mÀ-Y-I-h-p-w I-m-c-y-£-a-h-p-a-m-¡-n. ]-©-m--b-¯-v

A-[n-Im-c hn-tI-{µo-I-c-W-¯nÂ C-ý ssI-h-cn-¨ t\-«-am-Wv F-Sp-¯p ]-d-tb-| a-säm-cp Im-cyw. Km-Ôn-Pn hn-`m-h-\w sN-bv-X "{Km-a-kz-cm-Pv ' {]m-hÀ-¯n-I-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-th-|n 1992 Â `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS 72þmw t`-Z-K-Xn {]-Im-cw hy-h-Ø-IÄ D-|m-¡n. {Km-a-X-ew, t»m-¡v-X-ew, Pn-Ãm-X-ew F-¶n-§-s\ {Xn-X-e ]-©m-b-¯v kw-hn-[m-\w, Cu Hm-tcm X-e-̄ n-te-¡pw t\-cn-«p-Å Xn-c-sª-Sp-̧ v, ]-«n-I-Pm-Xn-þ-]-«n-I-hÀ-¤-¡mÀ-¡pw kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡pw kw-h-c-Ww, {Km-a-k-̀ -I-fp-sS cq-]-h-Xv-¡-c-Ww, Xm-tg-̄ -«n-ep-Å B-kq-{X-W {]-{In-b ap-X-em-b kp-{]-[m-\ \-S-]-Sn-IÄ-¡v `-c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-am-bn hy-h-Ø sN-¿p-¶ Cu t`-Z-K-Xn C-́ y³ P-\m-[n-]-Xy-s¯ Iq-Sp-XÂ kmÀ-Y-I-hpw Im-cy-£-a-hp-am-¡n.



c-m-P-v Ø-m-]-\-§-f-p-sS I-m-e-m-h-[-n

A-©-p hÀ-j-a-m-b-n \-n-P-s¸-S-p-¯-p-

¶-X-n-\-p-w b-Y-m-k-a-b-w X-n-c-sª-S-p-

¸-p-IÄ \-S-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-v k-w-Ø-m-\

X-n-c-sª-S-p-¸-v I-½-o-j-\-p-IÄ c-q-]-

h-X-v-¡-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w 72þ-m-w `-c-W-

L-S-\-m-t`-Z-K-X-n D-]-I-c-n-¨-p. 1993þ-

se 73þ-m-w `-c-W-L-S-\-m t`-Z-K-X-n

{]-I-m-c-w \-K-c-§-f-p-sS ]-c-n-t]-m-j-

W-¯-n-\-m-b-n \-K-c-]-m-e-n-I-m-\-n-b-a-w

\-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-n. ]-©-m-b-¯-p-I-f-n-se-

t¸-m-se a-p-\-n-k-n-¸-m-e-n-ä-n-I-f-n-e-p-w a-p-

\-n-k-n-¸Â tI-mÀ-¸-td-j-\-p-I-f-n-e-p-w

]-«-n-I-P-m-X-n ]-«-n-I-hÀ-¤-¡-mÀ-¡-p-w

k-v-{X-o-IÄ-¡-p-w k-w-h-c-W-w GÀ-s¸-

S-p-¯-n. c-m-j-v-{S-¯-n-sâ h-n-I-k-\

{]-{I-n-b-b-nÂ X-t±-i--`-c-W Ø-m-

]-\-§Ä-¡-v k-P-o-h ]-¦-m-f-n-¯-w

\Â-I-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w h-n-I-k-\-¯-n-sâ

k-Z-v|-e-§Ä {]-m-tZ-i-n-I-X-e-̄ -nÂ

e-`-y-a-m-¡-p--¶-X-n-\-p-w ]-©-m-b-¯-v c-m-

P-v þ \-K-c-]-m-e-n-I-m-k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§Ä

A-h-k-c-sa-m-c-p-¡-n. Cu c-w-K-¯-v

tI-c-f-¯-n-se X-t±-i-`-c-W Ø-m-

]-\-§-f-p-sS {]-hÀ-¯-\-w C-X-c

k-w-Ø-m-\-§Ä-¡-p-I-q-S-n a-m-X-r-I-

b-m-I-¯-¡-h-n-[-w D-¶-X-\-n-e-h-m-c-w

]-p-eÀ-¯-n. ]-n-¶-o-S-v \-½-p-sS P-\-m-

[-n-]-X-y a-p-t¶-ä-¯-nÂ h-e-n-sb-m-c-p

I-mÂ-sh-b-v-¸-m-b-X-v 2004 se h-n-h-c-m-

h-I-m-i \-n-b-a-a-m-W-v. G-sX-m-c-p ]

u-c-\-p-w `-c-W-]-c-a-m-b h-n-h-c-§Ä

\-n-j-v-{]-b-m-k-w A-d-n-b-m-\-p-Å -\-n-b-

a-m-\-p-k-r-X-a-m-b k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w D-|-m-

b-t -̧mÄ ̀ -c-W-w I-q-S-p-XÂ k-p-X-m-c-y-

h-p-w D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-Xz-]-c-h-p-a-m-b-n.

\-½-p-sS P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-w A-`-n-

a-m-\-I-c-a-m-b a-p-t¶-ä-§Ä ssI-h-

c-n-¡-p-t¼-m-g-p-w A-X-n-c-q-£-a-m-b ]-e

{]-i-v -\-§-sf-b-p-w {]-X-n -k-Ô-n-I-

sf-b-p-w \-m-w A-`-n-a-p-J-o-I-c-n-¨-p-sI-m-

|-n-c-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v. B-`-y-´-c-h-p-w

_-m-l-y-h-p-a-m-b X-o-{h-h-m-Z `-o-j-W-n-

b-m-W-v A-h-b-nÂ G-ä-h-p-w {]-[-m-\-w.

\-½-p-sS A-bÂ c-m-P-y-a-m-b ]-m-I-n-

Ø-m-\-nÂ i-à-n {]-m-]-n-¨-n-«-p-Å

N-n-e X-o-{h-h-m-Z {]-Ø-m-\-§Ä I-m-

i-v-a-o-c-n-e-p-w C-´-y-b-n-se C-X-c `-m-K-

§-f-n-e-p-w C-S-b-v-¡-n-sS \-S-¯-p-¶

`-o-I-c-m-{I-a-W-§-f-p-w t_-m-w-_-p k-v-

t^-m-S-\-§-f-p-w \-½-p-sS sskz-c-w

sI-S-p -¯-p-¶-p. t_-m-w-s_-b-n -se

h³-I-n-S tl-m-«-e-n-e-p-w C-´-y³ ]-mÀ-

e-saâ-n-e-p-w ]-¯-m³-tI-m-«-e-n-se

ssk-\-n-I tI-{µ-§-f-n-e-p-w A-hÀ

\-S-¯-n-b B-{I-a-W-§Ä C-´-m-

þ-]-m-I-v _-Ô-s¯ D-e-b-v-¡-p-¶-h

B-b-n-c-p-¶-p. \-I-v-k-sse-ä-v-þ-a-m-th-m-b-n-

Ì-v X-o-{h-h-m-Z-n-I-f-p-sS A-{I-a {]-hÀ-

-̄\-§-f-m-W-v B-̀ -y-́ -c X-e-̄ -nÂ

G-ä-h-p-w c-q-£-h-p-w h-y-m-]-I-h-p-a-m-b-n-

«-p-Å-X-v. h-S-¡-p-I-n-g-¡³ k-w-Ø-m-\-

§-f-n-se h-w-i-o-b X-o-{h-h-m-Z-n-I-f-p-w

{]-m-tZ-i-n-I-X-e-¯-nÂ {]iv-\-§Ä

kr-ãn-¡p-¶p |-v. B-tK-m-f X-e-

¯-n-e-p-Å `-o-I-c-h-m-Z {]-Ø-m-\-§-

f-p-sS {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä C-´-y-b-n-e-p-w

{]-X-y-m-L-m-X-§Ä k-r-j-v-S-n-¡-p-¶-p.

Cu k-m-l-N-c-y-¯-nÂ X-o-{h-h-m-Z

-{]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä C-´-y³ a-®-nÂ

h-¨-p s]-m-d-p-¸-n-¡-m-X-n-c-n-¡-m³ B-`-y-

´-c-X-e-¯-n-e-p-w A-´-m-c-m-j-v-{S X-e-

¯-n-e-p-w C-´-y {i-a-§Ä \-S-¯-n-

s¡-m-|-n-c-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v. P-m-X-n-þ-a-X-

þ-c-m-j-v-{S-o-b h-n-`-m-K-o-b-X-IÄ a-q-e-w

c-m-P-y-¯-v A-{I-a-{]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä

hÀ-[-n-¨-p-h-c-p-¶-X-v B-i-¦-m-P-\-I-a-m-

W-v. _-p-²-\-p-w K-m-Ô-n-P-n-¡-p-w P-·-w

\Â-I-n-b Cu BÀ-j `-m-c-X-¯-n-

sâ a-®-nÂ h-n-`-m-K-o-b-X-b-p-sS-b-p-w

A-k-l-n-j-v-W-p-X-b-p-sS-b-p-w t]-c-nÂ

H-c-p X-p-Å-n c-à-w t]-m-e-p-w h-o-g-m³

]-m-S-n-Ã-m F-¶-m-W-v Cu c-m-P-y-s¯

k-v-t\-l-n-¡-p-¶-hÀ A-̀ -n-e-j-n-¡-p-¶-

X-v. "ssh-h-n-[-y-̄ -nÂ G-I-Xz-w F-¶-

X-m-W-v `-m-c-X-¯-n-sâ a-p-{Z-m-h-m-I-y-w.

A-X-v D-¨-¯-nÂ D-Z-v-tL-m-j-n-¨-p-sI-m-

|-v A-{I-a-c-l-n-X-a-m-b a-mÀ-K-§-f-n-e-q-

sS a-p-t¶-d-n-b-mÂ a-m-{X-ta I-®-n-se

I-r-j-v -W-a-W-n-t]-m-se P-\-m-[-n -]-

X-y-s¯ I-m-¯-p-k-q-£-n-¡-p-h-m³

\-a-p-¡-v I-g-n-b-p-I-b-p-Å-q.

F-Ã-m X-e-§-f-n-e-p-w \-S-¡-p-¶

A-g-n-a-X-n-b-m-W-v \-½-p-sS P-\-m-[-n-]-

X-y-s¯ \-n-cÀ-Y-I-a-m-¡-p-¶ a-sä-m-c-p

h-n-]-¯-v. P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-s¯ X-m-§-n

\-nÀ-¯-p-¶ \-m-e-v h³ X-q-W-p-I-f-n-

e-p-w (se-P-n-tÉ-̈ À, F-I-v-k-n-I-y-q-«-o-h-v,

P-p-U-o-j-y-d-n, a-o-U-n-b) A-g-n-a-X-n \-p-g-

ª-p-I-b-d-n-b-n-«-p-Å-X-m-b-n B-tc-m-]-

W-w D-bÀ-¶-n-«-p-|-v. H-m-tc-m Z-n-h-k-

h-p-w sR-«-n-¡-p-¶ A-g-n-a-X-n-¡-Y-b-m-

W-v \-m-w tIÄ-¡-p-¶-X-v. A-g-n-a-X-n

]-m-tS D-·-q-e-\-w sN-¿-m³ I-g-n-ª-m-

te \-½-p-sS P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-w h-n-P-b-a-

I-p-S-w N-q-S-p-I-b-p-Å-q. c-m-j-v-{S-o-b-a-m-b

A-X-n-{]-k-c-w a-q-e-w \-½-p-sS ]-mÀ-e-

saâ-n-sâ C-c-p k-`-I-f-p-w k-w-Ø-m-\

\-n-b-a-k-`-I-f-p-w I-m-c-y-£-a-a-m-b-n

{]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-m-¯-h-n-[-w

k-v-X-w-`-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-v kÀ-h-k-m-[-m-c-

W-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. A-X-n-\-mÂ \-n-b-

a-\-nÀ-½-m-W k-`-IÄ-¡-v A-h-b-p-sS

{]-m-Y-a-n-I IÀ-¯-h-y-§Ä \-nÀ-h-l-n-

¡-p-h-m³ I-g-n-b-m-¯ Ø-n-X-n h-n-ti-

j-a-m-W-v k-w-P-m-X-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v.

C-X-v P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-¯-n-sâ A-´x-k-

¯-sb-¯-s¶ tN-mÀ-¯-n-¡-f-b-p-¶

H-c-p {]-h-W-X-b-m-W-v. P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-

¯-n-sâ \-m-e-v s\-S-p-w X-q-W-p-I-f-p-w

]-c-k-v -]-c-w A-w-K-o-I-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w

B-Z-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-t¿-|-X-v P-\-m-

[-n -]-X-y-¯-n-sâ k-p-Ø-n-X-n -¡-p-w

]-c-n-t]-m-j-W-¯-n-\-p-w A-X-y-´-m-t]-

£-n-X-a-m-W-v.

\-½-p-sS G-ä-h-p-w h-e-n-b A-`-n-

a-m-\-w N-n-c-]-p-c-m-X-\-h-p-w k-w-k-v-I-m-c

k-¼-¶-h-p-a-m-b BÀ-j-`-m-c-X-sa-¶

\-½-p-sS P-·-`-q-a-n-b-m-W-v. kz-X-{´-`-m-

c-X-¯-n-sâ G-ä-h-p-w h-e-n-b A-`-n-a-m-

\-w \-nÀ-h-n-L-v-\-a-m-b P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-

h-p-a-m-W-v. A-X-n-\-mÂ `-m-c-X-w F-¶

C-´-y-b-nÂ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-w \-o-W-mÄ

h-m-g-s« F-¶-v \-a-p-¡-v B-ß-mÀ-°-a-m-

b-n {]-mÀ-Y-n-¡-m-w; A-X-n-\-m-b-n \-a-p-¡-v

B-{i-m-´-w ]-c-n-{i-a-n-¡-m-w.

]-©m-b-¯p-I-fn-se-t¸m-se ap-\n-kn-¸m-en-än-I-fn-epw ap-\n-kn-¸Â tImÀ-¸-td-j-\p-I-fn-epw ]-«n-I-Pm-Xn ]-«n-I-hÀ-¤-¡mÀ-¡pw kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡pw kw-h-c-Ww GÀ-s¸-Sp-¯n. cm-jv-{S-¯n-sâ hn-I-k-\ {]-{In-b-bnÂ X-t±-i --`-c-W Øm-]-\-§Ä-¡v k-Po-h ]-¦m-fn-¯w \Â-Ip-¶-Xn-\pw hn-I-k-\-̄ n-sâ k-Zv|-e-§Ä {]m-tZ-in-I-X-e-̄ nÂ e-̀ y-am-¡p --¶-Xn-\pw ]-©m-b-̄ v cm-Pv þ \-K-c-]m-en-Im-kw-hn-[m-\-§Ä A-h-k-c-sam-cp-¡n.

u


À-j-n-I ta-J-e-b-nÂ \-n-c-h-

[-n ]-²-X-n k-m-[-y-X-I-f-p-|-v.

kz-b-w sX-m-g-nÂ k-w-c-w-`-

§-sf-¶ \-n-e-b-n-e-p-w, {K-m-a-]-©-m-

b-¯-n-sâ t\-X-r-Xz-¯-n-e-p-w, I-p-

S-p-w-_-{i-o-IÄ, kz-b-w k-l-m-b-k-w-

L-§Ä-h-g-n-b-p-w h-n-h-n-[ k-¶-²

k-w-L-S-\-IÄ h-g-n-b-p-w C-¯-c-w

k-w-c-w-`-§Ä, {K-m-a-X-e-¯-n-e-p-w, U-n-

h-n-j³ X-e-¯-n-e-p-w \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-p-I-

h-g-n, a-l-m-ß-P-n-b-p-sS kz-]-v-\-a-m-b

{K-m-a-kz-c-m-P-v t\-S-m-\-m-h-p-sa-¶-X-nÂ

XÀ-¡-a-n-Ã.

I-mÀ-j-n-I ta-J-e-¡-p ]-p-d-sa

a-r-K-k-w-c-£-W, £-o-c-ta-J-e-b-n-

e-p-w, a-Õ-y-ta-J-e-b-n-e-p-w \-n-c-h-[-n

k-w-c-w-`-§Ä B-c-w-`-n-¡-m-\-p-w e-m-`-

I-c-a-m-b-n \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-m-\-p-w {i-a-a-m-

h-i-y-a-m-W-v. i-c-n-b-m-b B-k-q-{X-W-w,

i-c-n-b-m-b-n \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡Â F-¶-n-h

D-d-¸-m-¡-W-w. ssP-h-s\Â-I-r-j-n

(Organic Paddy Farming) ssP-h

]-¨-¡-d-n-I-r-j-n (Organic Vegetable Farming) I-q¬-I-r-j-n (Mashroom Farming) A-e-¦-m-c-a-o³-I-r-j-n (Or-namental Fish Farming) h-o-«-p-I-p-f-

§-f-n-te-b-p-w, S-m-¦-n-se-b-p-w a-o³-I-r-

j-n (Fish Farming / Acquaculture) sN-½-o³-I-r-j-n, R-|-p-I-r-j-n, I-Ã-p-

½-¡-m-b-v I-r-j-n, ]-i-p-h-fÀ-¯Â,

\-m-b-v h-fÀ-̄ Â, a-p-bÂ h-fÀ-̄ Â,

I-m-S-h-fÀ-¯Â, A-e-¦-m-c-]-£-n

h-fÀ-¯Â, tX-\-o -¨-h-fÀ-¯Â,

tI-m-g-n-þ-X-m-d-m-h-p h-fÀ-¯Â, sN-d-p-

tX-\-o-¨ h-fÀ-¯Â, \-g-v-k-d-n \-nÀ-

½-m-W-w, ]-p-j-v-]-I-r-j-n (H-mÀ-¡-n-U-v,

B-´-q-d-n-b-w, C-e-s¨-S-n, a-p-Ã-I-r-j-n,

_-´-n-¸-q-I-r-j-n) Hu-j-[ k-k-y-I-r-

j-n, S-n-j-y-p-¡Ä-¨À h-g-n-b-p-Å ssX

D-X-v-]-m-Z-\ c-w-K-w, ]-¨-¡-d-n-ssX DÂ-

]-m-Z-\-w, ssP-h P-o-h-m-W-p-h-f \-nÀ-

½-m-W-w, I-t¼-m-Ì-v \-nÀ-½-m-W-w, ]-g-w-

þ-]-¨-¡-d-n-I-r-j-n (h-m-g-I-r-j-n-þ-t\-

{´-h-m-g-I-r-j-n, a-ä-n-\-w h-m-g-I-r-j-n,

I-Z-f-n-h-m-g-I-r-j-n, C-e-h-m-g-I-r-j-n,

A-e-¦-m-c-h-m-g-I-r-j-n) ]-¨-¡-d-n h-n-

¯-pÂ-]-m-Z-\-w, N-I-n-c-n-t¨-m-d-v I-t¼-m-

Ì-p-\-nÀ-½-m-W-w, ̀ -£-y-k-w-k-v-I-c-W-w

(A-¨-mÀ \-nÀ-½-m-W-w, P-m-w, sP-Ã-n,

k-v-Iz-m-j-v \-nÀ-½-m-W-w, sI-m-|-m-«-w)

£-o-c k-w-k-v-¡-c-W-w, a-m-w-k k-w-

k-v -I-c-W-w, a-Õ-y-k-w-k-v -I-c-W-w,

\-m-f-n-tI-c-ta-J-e-b-n-se k-w-k-v-I-c-

W-w, I-c-Iu-i-e h-k-v-X-p-\-nÀ-½-m-W-w

(\-m-f-n-tI-c-m-[-n-j-vT-n-X-w), K-r-l-ssh-

Z-y-¡-q-«-p -IÄ (Hu-j-[-I-r-j-n -sb

A-S-n-Ø-m-\-a-m-¡-n h-\-n-X-IÄ-¡-m-b-n

sN-¿-m-h-p-¶ k-w-c-w-`-§Ä) h-n-h-n-[

]-m-g-v-h-k-v-X-p-¡-f-p-sS ]-p-\-c-p-]-tb-m-K

t{]-m-P-I-v-S-p-IÄ, ssl-sS-I-v-I-r-j-n

(t]-m-f-n -lu-k-v, l-c-n -X-K-r -l-w),

I-r-X-y-X-m-I-r-j-n, A-Iz-m-t]-m-W-n-I-v-

k-v, ssl-t{U-m-t]-m-W-n-I-v-k-v) sS-d-

Ê-n-se-b-p-w N-«-n-b-n-te-b-p-w I-r-j-n,

I-a-p-I-v I-r-j-n-b-p-Å {K-m-a-§-f-nÂ

]-m-f-b-p-sS ]-m-{X-\-nÀ-½-m-W-w, a-p-f-

I-mÀ-j-n-I c-w-K-s¯

sX‑m‑g‑nÂ k‑m‑[‑y‑X‑ta‑J‑e‑IÄFw.F. kp-[oÀ-_m-_p


Im

P\phcn 2016 P\phcn 20163]©mbØv cmPv 4 3]©mbØv cmPv 416 17P\phcn 2016 P\phcn 20163]©mbØv cmPv 4 3]©mbØv cmPv 416 17

Nn-e d-kn-U³-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j-\nÂ a-«p-¸m-hn-se ]-¨-¡-dn Ir-jn hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn-¡m-Wp-¶p. C-tX-t]m-se Hm-tcm d-kn-U³-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j-\n-ep-Å ho-«p-ImÀ-¡v B-h-iy-am-b ]-gw ]-¨-¡-dn-bp-sS B-h-iy-I-X, C-t¸m-gp-Å e-`y-X F-¶n-h kÀ-sÆ h-gn Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-hm -\pw B-h-iy-ap-Å ]-gw ]-̈ -¡-dn-IÄ ]p-Xn-b-Xm-bn Ir-jn sN-¿p-hm-t\m a-än-S-§-fnÂ \n-¶v F-¯n-¡p-hm-t\m D-Å k-ao-]-\w B-h-iy-am-Wv. H-cp {]-tZ-i-s¯ F-Ãm d-kn-U³-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j-\p-I-fp-am-bn-tNÀ-¶v C-¯-cw Ir-jn hn-I-k-\ k-ao-]-\w B-cw-`n-¡-Ww.

b-p-sS D-X-v -]-¶ \-nÀ-½-m-W-c-w-K-w,

]-p-j-v -]-I-r-j-n A-S-n-Ø-m-\-a-m-¡-n-

b-p-Å s_-m-s¡ \-nÀ-½-m-W-w, a-m-e-

\-nÀ-½-m-W-w F-¶-n-§-s\ \-n-c-h-[-n

sX-m-g-nÂ k-w-c-w-`-§Ä H-m-tc-m {]-tZ-

i-§-f-n-e-p-a-p-|-v. C-h-sb i-c-n-b-m-b-n

X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-ª-v h-n-Z-K-v-[ D-]-tZ-i-{]-

I-m-c-w t{]-m-P-I-v-S-v D-|-m-¡-n k-m-[-y-

X-m-]T-\-w \-S-¯-n \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-W-w.

Hu-j-[ k-k-y-I-r-j-n-b-nÂ h-n-]-W-n

D-d-¸-m-¡-m-sX I-r-j-n k-w-c-w-`-w h-n-P-

b-n-¡-p-I-b-n-Ã. {K-m-a-X-e-¯-nÂ Hu-

j-[ k-k-y-I-r-j-n sN-¿-p-¶-hÀ {K-q-

-̧m-b-n {]-hÀ-̄ -n-̈ -v a-c-p-¶-p-h-m-§-p-¶

I-¼-\-n-¡-m-c-p-a-m-b-n I-c-m-d-p-|-m-¡-n

Ø-n-c-a-m-b-n h-n-]-W-\-k-m-[-y-X-IÄ

I-s|-¯-W-w. I-mÀ-j-n-I ta-J-e-b-n-

se a-n-¡ sX-m-g-nÂ k-w-c-w-`-§-f-p-w

]-c-m-P-b-s¸-S-p-¶-X-n-\-v I-m-c-W-w. I-r-

X-y-a-m-b-n B-k-q-{X-W-w sN-¿-m-sX

s{]-m-P-I-v-S-n-sâ k-m-[-y-X i-c-n-b-m-b-n

h-n-e-b-n-c-p-̄ -m-sX \-S-̧ -n-e-m-¡-p-¶-X-p-

sI-m-|-m-W-v. C-X-n-\-p-]-p-d-sa h-n-]-W-

\-w h-f-sc X-e-th-Z-\-b-m-W-v. C-X-n-\-v

B-Z-y-w h-n-]-W-n-b-p-sS k-m-[-y-X-m ]

T-\-h-p-w Ø-n-c-a-m-b-n-h-y-X-y-Ø DÂ-

¸-¶-§Ä \Â-I-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w {i-a-n-

¡-W-w.

H-c-p {K-m-a-{]-tZ-i-t¯-m Su-W-n-

te-m B-h-i-y-a-m-b-n h-c-p-¶ ]-g-w

]-¨-¡-d-n-b-p-sS H-c-p I-W-¡-p-|-m-b-n-

c-n-¡-W-w C-X-v h-mÀ-U-v A-S-n-Ø-m-\-

a-m-¡-n-tb-m, U-n-h-n-j³ A-S-n-Ø-m-\-

a-m-¡-n-tb-m h-o-S-p-IÄ I-b-d-n-b-n-d-§-n-

b-p-Å kÀ-sÆ h-g-n a-\-Ê-n-e-m-¡-W-w.

A-X-m-b-X-v H-c-p h-mÀ-U-n-se F-Ã-m

h-o-S-p-I-f-n-e-p-w H-c-p a-m-k-w F-{X-{]-m-

h-i-y-w ]-g-w ]-¨-¡-d-n DÂ-¸-¶-§Ä

]-p-d-¯-p-\-n-¶-v F-{X-I-W-¡-n-\-v h-m-

§-p-¶-p? C-X-n-\-v F-{X-c-q-]-tb-m-f-w

sN-e-h-m-I-p-¶-p? C-¯-c-w H-c-p I-W-

¡-v B-Z-y-ta ti-J-c-n-¡-W-w. C-X-v

A-S-n-Ø-m-\-a-m-¡-n B-h-i-y-a-p-Å

h-n-h-n-[ ]-¨-¡-d-n-I-f-p-sS X-c-w-X-n-c-n-

h-p-w a-\-Ê-n-e-m-¡-W-w. A-X-m-b-X-v

F-{X-I-n-te-m ]-bÀ, sh-|, X-¡-m-

f-n, a-p-f-I-v F-¶-n-h-b-m-W-v H-m-tc-m

I-p-S-p-w-_-h-p-w H-m-tc-m a-m-k-w h-m-

§-n-¡-p-¶-X-v F-¶-d-n-ª-mÂ G-X-v

]-¨-¡-d-n -b-m-W-v H-c-p h-mÀ-U-nÂ

G-ä-h-p-w I-q-S-p-XÂ h-m-§-n-¡-p-¶-X-v

F-¶-v X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-m-w C-X-Ã-m-sX H-m-

tc-m h-mÀ-U-n-e-p-w e-̀ -y-a-m-b I-mÀ-j-n-I

h-n-f-I-f-p-sS I-W-¡-v, ]-¨-¡-d-n-I-f-p-

sS e-`-y-X F-¶-n-h-b-p-w ti-J-c-n-¡-

W-w. H-c-p h-mÀ-U-n-se h-o-«-p-]-d-¼-nÂ

i-o-a-¨-¡ (I-S-¨-¡) D-Å-hÀ a-ä-p-

Å-hÀ-¡-v ssI-a-m-ä-w sN-¿-s¸-tS-|-

X-m-W-v. C-tX-t]-m-se I-d-n-th-¸-n-e,

a-p-c-n-§-C-e, I-m-b, C-S-n-¨-¡, N-¡,

a-m-§, h-m-f³-]-p-f-n, h-n-h-n-[ \-m-c-§-

IÄ F-¶-n-h-a-ä-p `-m-K-§-f-n-te-b-v-¡-v

B-h-i-y-¡-mÀ-¡-v \Â-I-p-h-m³ {i-a-w

B-h-i-y-a-m-W-v. C-X-n-\-m-b-n H-c-p I-mÀ-

j-n-I h-n-`-h-e-`-y-X c-P-n-ÌÀ (Crop Produce Abailability Register) F-Ã-m

h-mÀ-U-n-e-p-w D-|-m-I-p-¶-X-v K-p-W-w


P\phcn 2016 P\phcn 20163]©mbØv cmPv 4 3]©mbØv cmPv 416 17P\phcn 2016 P\phcn 20163]©mbØv cmPv 4 3]©mbØv cmPv 416 17

sN-¿-p-w. C-X-n-\-v I-p-S-p-w-_-{i-o-¡-mÀ,

kz-b-w k-l-m-b k-w-L-§Ä, h-n.F-

-̂v.]-n.k-n.sI. {K-q-̧ -p-IÄ, I-mÀ-j-n-I

¢-º-p-IÄ F-¶-n-h-b-p-sS tk-h-\-w

D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-m-w. H-m-tc-m h-mÀ-

U-n-e-p-a-p-Å k-¶-² k-w-L-S-\-IÄ

b-q-¯-v ¢-º-p-IÄ h-n-h-n-[ I-mÀ-j-n-I

k-w-L-§Ä F-¶-n-h-b-p-sS tk-h-\-

h-p-w kÀ-sÆ-¡-p-w c-P-n-ÌÀ \-nÀ-½-m-

W-¯-n-\-p-w h-n-\-n-tb-m-K-n-¡-m-h-p-¶-

X-m-W-v. N-n-e {]-tZ-i-§-f-nÂ N-¡

[-m-c-m-f-a-m-b-n e-`-n-¡-p-¶ k-o-k¬

G-sX-¶- v h-y -à-a-m -¡-p -¶ c-P-n -

ÌÀ D-|-m-b-mÂ N-¡ h-n-]-W-\-w

F-f-p-¸-a-m-¡-m-w. N-n-e d-k-n-U³-k-v

A-tk-m-k-n-tb-j-\-nÂ a-«-p-¸-m-h-n-se

]-¨-¡-d-n I-r-j-n h-n-P-b-I-c-a-m-b-n-¡-m-

W-p-¶-p. C-tX-t]-m-se H-m-tc-m d-k-n-

U³-k-v A-tk-m-k-n-tb-j-\-n-e-p-Å

h-o-«-p-I-mÀ-¡-v B-h-i-y-a-m-b ]-g-w

]-¨-¡-d-n-b-p-sS B-h-i-y-I-X, C-t¸-m-

g-p-Å e-`-y-X F-¶-n-h kÀ-sÆ h-g-n

X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-p-h-m-\-p-w B-h-i-y-a-p-Å

]-g-w ]-̈ -¡-d-n-IÄ ]-p-X-n-b-X-m-b-n I-r-

j-n sN-¿-p-h-m-t\-m a-ä-n-S-§-f-nÂ \-n-¶-v

F-¯-n-¡-p-h-m-t\-m D-Å k-a-o-]-\-w

B-h-i-y-a-m-W-v. H-c-p {]-tZ-i-s¯

F-Ã-m d-k-n-U³-k-v A-tk-m-k-n-tb-j-

\-p-I-f-p-a-m-b-n-tNÀ-¶-v C-¯-c-w I-r-j-n

h-n-I-k-\ k-a-o-]-\-w B-c-w-`-n -¡-

W-w. N-n-e C-S-§-f-nÂ C-X-v h-e-n-b

h-n-P-b-a-m-b-X-n-\-mÂ t^-k-v-_-p-¡-v,

sa-m-ss_Â-t^-m¬, CâÀ-s\-ä- v

h-g-n-b-p-Å I-r-j-n I-q-«-m-b-v -a-I-f-p-w

C-¶-v \-½-p-sS \-m-«-nÂ h-y-m-]-I-a-m-

b-n h-c-p-¶-p-|-v. {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-p

X-e-¯-n-te-m, \-K-c-k-`-m tI-mÀ-¸-

td-j³ X-e-¯-n-te-m I-mÀ-j-n-I h-n-

I-k-\ ]-²-X-n-IÄ B-h-n-j-v-I-c-n-¡-p-

t¼-mÄ C-¡-m-c-y-§Ä _-Ô-s -̧«-hÀ

{i-²-n-t¡-|-X-m-W-v. {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-

¯-p-IÄ, A-sÃ-¦-nÂ a-ä-p X-t±-i

Ø-m-]-\-§Ä, I-r-j-n `-h-\-p-IÄ,

a-r-K-k-w-c-£-W h-I-p-¸-v, a-®-p-]-c-y-

th-£-W a-®-p k-w-c-£-W h-I-p- -̧v,

£-o-c h-n-I-k-\ h-I-p-¸-v, kÀ-Æ-o-k-v

k-l-I-c-W _-m-¦-p-IÄ, h-m-W-n-P-y

_-m-¦-p-IÄ, \-_-mÀ-U-v t]-m-e-p-Å

Ø-m-]-\-§Ä, I-mÀ-j-n-I kÀ-Æ-I-

e-m-i-m-e-b-p-sS I-o-g-n-e-p-Å Ø-m-]-

\-§Ä, I-r-j-n h-n-Ú-m-\ tI-{µ-

§Ä, sh-ä-d-n-\-d-n kÀ-Æ-I-m-e-m-i-m-e, t^-m-d-k-v-{S-n tI-m-tf-P-v, a-ä-p k-¶-²

k-w-L-S-\-IÄ F-¶-n-h-b-p-sS k-l-I-c-W-w-h-g-n ]-²-X-n-IÄ \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-W-w.

H-c-p a-m-X-r-I-m s{]-m-P-I-v-S-n-\-v i-c-n-b-m-b 1. B-a-p-J-w, 2. e-£-y-w, 3. K-p-W-t`-m-

à-m-¡Ä, 4. {]-[-m-\ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä 5. [-\-I-m-c-y h-n-i-I-e-\-w (a-q-e-[-\

sN-e-h-v, {]-hÀ-¯-\ a-q-e-[-\-w) 6. t\-«-§Ä, 7 A-h-te-m-I-\-w F-¶-o L-S-

I-§Ä D-|-m-b-n-c-n-¡-W-w. D-Z-m-l-c-W-a-m-b-n I-q¬ I-r-j-n-b-p-sS s{]-m-P-I-v-

S-m-sW-¶-n-c-n-¡-s«, C-X-n-\-p-Å \-n-e-h-n-se B {]-tZ-i-s¯ k-m-[-y-X-IÄ

F-s´-m-s¡-b-m-W-v? \-n-e-h-n-e-p-Å ]-c-n-a-n-X-n-IÄ F-s´-m-s¡-b-m-W-v? F-¶-n-h

B-Z-y-w a-\-Ê-n-e-m-¡-W-w. H-c-p {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-nÂ \-n-d-sb t\-{´-h-m-g-I-r-j-n

D-s|-¶-n-c-n-¡-s« A-h-n-sS \-n-¶-v e-`-n-¡-p-¶ h-m-g-¯-S-IÄ, d-ºÀ X-S-n-b-p-sS

s]-m-S-n, ssh-t¡-mÂ, I-c-n-¼-n³-N-|-n C-h-sb-Ã-m-w ̂ -e-{]-Z-a-m-b-n I-q¬-I-r-j-n

a-m-[-y-a-a-m-b-n D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-m-w. C-X-m-W-v Cu s{]-m-P-I-v-S-n-sâ k-m-[-y-X-IÄ.

F-¶-mÂ i-m-k-v-{X-o-b-a-m-b-n-«-p-Å k-m-t¦-X-n-I ]-c-n-Ú-m-\-¯-n-sâ I-p-d-h-v,

]-c-n-i-o-e-\ e-`-y-X-b-n-Ã-m-b-v-a, \-Ã I-q¬-h-n-¯-n-sâ e-`-y-X-b-n-Ã-m-b-v-a, I-q-W-n-

sâ h-n-]-W-\-¯-n-sâ k-m-[-y-X k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-v h-n-h-c-a-n-Ã-m-b-v-a, h-n-]-\ N-§-

e-b-p-sS A-k-´-p-e-n-X-m-h-Ø F-¶-n-h I-q¬-I-r-j-n-b-p-sS ]-c-n-a-n-X-n-I-f-m-W-v.

taÂ-¸-d-ª I-m-c-y-§Ä-¡-v h-f-sc I-m-c-y-£-a-a-m-b-X-p-w ̂ -e-{]-Z-a-m-b-X-p-a-m-b

]-c-n-l-m-c a-mÀ-K§Ä tX-S-W-w. s\Â-I-r-j-n-b-p-Å ]-m-e-¡-m-S-v, X-r-È-qÀ tI-mÄ

\-n-e-§Ä-¡-v k-a-o-]-a-p-Å {]-tZ-i-§Ä, B-e-¸-p-g F-¶-n-h-n-S-§-f-nÂ s\-Ã-p-w

a-o-\-p-w, s\-Ã-p-w X-m-d-m-h-p-w, F-¶-n-h-b-v-¡-v ]-p-d-sa ssh-t¡-mÂ A-S-n-Ø-m-\-a-m-

H-cp {Km-a-]-©m-b-¯nÂ \n-d-sb t\-{´-hm-g-Ir-jn D-s|-¶n-cn-¡-s« A-hn-sS \n-¶v e-`n-¡p-¶ hm-g-¯-S-IÄ, d-ºÀ X-Sn-bp-sS s]m-Sn, ssh-t¡mÂ, I-cn-¼n³-N-|n C-h-sb-Ãmw ^-e-{]-Z-am-bn Iq¬-Ir-jn am-[y-a-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-¡mw. C-Xm-Wv Cu s{]m-P-Iv-Sn-sâ km-[y-X-IÄ. F-¶mÂ im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn-«p-Å km-t¦-Xn-I ]-cn-Úm-\-¯n-sâ Ip-d-hv, ]-cn-io-e-\ e-`y-X-bn-Ãm-bv-a, \-Ã Iq¬-hn-¯n-sâ e-`y-X-bn-Ãm-bv-a, Iq-Wn-sâ hn-]-W-\-¯n-sâ km-[y-X kw-_-Ôn-¨v hn-h-c-an-Ãm-bv-a, hn-]-\ N-§-e-bp-sS A-k-´p-en-Xm-h-Ø F-¶n-h Iq¬-Ir-jn-bp-sS ]-cn-an-Xn-I-fm-Wv.



¡-n-b-p-Å I-q¬-I-r-j-n-b-p-w {]-N-c-n-̧ -n-

¡-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v. s{]-m-P-I-v-S-p-I-f-p-sS

c-q-]-o-I-c-W-w k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-v h-c-p-¶

te-J-\-§-f-nÂ ]-c-m-aÀ-i-n-¡-p-¶-X-m-

W-v. H-m-tc-m U-n-h-n-j-\-n-e-p-w h-mÀ-U-n-

e-p-w, I-mÀ-j-n-I kz-b-w ]-c-y-m-]-v-X-X

D-d-¸-m-¡-m³ a-®-n-sâ K-p-W-ta-·-

]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¡-m³ s{]-m-P-I-v-S-p-IÄ

\-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v. a-®-n-sâ

k-a-{K-a-m-b h-n-i-I-e-\-̄ -n-\-p-ti-j-w

a-®-m-tc-m-K-y I-mÀ-U-p-IÄ \Â-I-p-¶-

X-p-h-g-n I-mÀ-j-n-tI-m-X-v-]-m-Z-\-¯-nÂ

I-p-X-n-¨-p-N-m-«-w D-|-m-¡-m-w. C-X-n-\-m-

b-n k-w-Ø-m-\ a-®-p ]-c-y-th-£-W

k-w-c-£-W h-I-p-¸-v, I-r-j-n-h-I-p-¸-v,

tI-c-f I-mÀ-j-n-I kÀ-Æ-I-e-m-i-m-e

F-¶-n-h-b-p-sS tk-h-\-§Ä ^-e-{]-

Z-a-m-b-n h-n-\-n-tb-m-K-n-¡-m-w. a-®-p-]-c-y-

th-£-W A-S-n-Ø-m-\-̄ -nÂ h-n-h-n-[

]-©-m-b-¯-p-I-f-n -se h-n-i-Z-a-m-b

a-®-p-]-c-y-th-£-W d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-p-IÄ

e-`-y-a-m-W-v. C-X-v A-S-n-Ø-m-\-a-m-¡-n

a-®-n-sâ ]-c-n -]-m-e-\-w k-a-{K-a-m-

b-n k-w-Ø-m-\ X-e-¯-nÂ X-s¶

F-Ã-m C-S-§-f-n-e-p-w \-S-̧ -n-e-m-¡-m-\-p-w

A-X-n-e-q-sS I-mÀ-j-n-tI-m-X-v-]-m-Z-\-w

C-t¸-mÄ D-Å-X-n-t\-¡-mÄ C-c-«-n-b-m-

¡-m-\-p-w k-m-[-n-¡-p-w. I-mÀ-j-n-I ta-J-

e-b-p-sS k-a-{K-a-m-b B-k-q-{X-W-̄ -n-

\-v H-m-tc-m {]-tZ-i-§-f-n-te-b-p-w a-®-n-

sâ K-p-W-w A-S-n-Ø-m-\-a-m-¡-n-b-p-Å

h-n-h-c-§Ä B-h-i-y-a-m-W-v. C-X-n-\-v

G-sd k-l-m-bI-c-a-m-W-v tk-m-b-nÂ

kÀ-sÆ d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-p-IÄ. k-w-Ø-m-

\-s¯ s_-©-p-a-mÀ-¡-v a-®-n-\-§-sf

k-a-{K-a-m-b-n {]-X-n-]-m-Z-n-¨-n-«-p-Å H-c-p

d-^-d³-k-v ]-p-k-v-X-I-w tk-m-b-nÂ

kÀ-sÆ h-n-`-m-K-w \Â-I-n-h-c-p-¶-p-|-v.

C-´-y-b-n-se X-s¶ {]-Y-a-h-p-w, te-m-

I-¯-n-se X-s¶ h-e-n-b-X-p-a-m-b-n

H-c-p tk-m-b-nÂ a-y-q-k-n-b-w X-n-c-p-h-

\-´-]-p-c-¯-v ]-m-td-m-«-p-tI-m-W-¯-v

a-®-p-]-c-y-th-£-W k-w-c-£-W-h-I-p-

¸-n-\-p-I-o-g-nÂ {]-hÀ-¯-n-¨-p h-c-p-¶-p.

Cu a-®-p {]-ZÀ-i-\-i-m-e K-th-j-IÀ

P-\-{]-X-n-\-n-[-n-IÄ, X-t±-i-Ø-m-]-\-

§-f-n-te-b-v-¡-v X-n-c-sª-S-p-¡-s¸-«

P-\-{]-X-n-\-n-[-n-IÄ, IÀ-j-IÀ, h-n-

Z-y-mÀ-°-n-IÄ F-¶-n-hÀ \-nÀ-_-Ô-

a-m-b-p-w k-µÀ-i-n-t¡-|-X-p-w \-½-p-sS

a-®-n-s\ a-\-Ê-n-e-m-¡-n-b-p-Å I-mÀ-

j-n-I h-n-I-k-\-w k-w-Ø-m-\-sa-m-«-m-

sI \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-m³ {i-a-n-t¡-|-X-p-

a-m-W-v. a-®-p-]-c-n-ti-m-[-\ \-nÀ-_-Ô-

a-m-¡-n-b-p-Å I-mÀ-j-n-tI-mÂ-]-m-Z-\-w

h-g-n a-m-{X-ta \-½-p-sS \-m-«-n-se I-r-

j-n-`-q-a-n-b-p-sS DÂ-¸-m-Z-\ £-a-X-I-q-

«-m-\-p-w, ̀ -£-y-k-p-c-£ k-w-c-£-n-¡-m-

\-p-w C-\-n k-m-[-n-¡-p-I-b-p-Å-q F-¶-v

Cu ssh-I-n-b th-f-b-nÂ F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w

X-n-c-n-̈ -d-n-tb-|-X-m-W-v. 2016 A-́ -m-c-m-

j-v-{S ]-bÀ-hÀ-£-h-n-f-I-f-p-sS hÀ-j-

a-m-b-n B-N-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-mÂ C-¡-m-c-y-w

{]-tX-y-I-w {]-m-[-m-\-y-aÀ-l-n-¡-p-¶-p. F‑w.F. k‑p‑[‑oÀ‑_‑m‑_‑p, ]‑«‑m‑¼‑n

(tI‑c‑f‑̄ ‑n‑se {]‑i‑k‑v‑X I‑r‑j‑n‑a‑m‑[‑y‑a h‑n‑Z‑K‑v‑[‑\‑m‑W‑v. 23 hÀ‑j‑s¯ I‑mÀ‑j‑n‑I h‑n‑Ú‑m‑\ h‑y‑m‑]‑\ {]‑hÀ‑¯‑\‑¯‑n‑\‑v \‑y‑q‑ZÂ‑l‑n‑b‑n‑se _‑n.U‑n.F‑k‑v.F.b‑p‑sS 2015se tU‑m. A‑w‑t_‑Z‑v‑IÀ F‑I‑v‑k‑e³‑k‑n kÀ‑Æ‑o‑k‑v \‑m‑j‑WÂ A‑h‑mÀ‑U‑v A‑S‑¡‑w \‑n‑c‑h‑[‑n ]‑p‑c‑k‑v‑¡‑m‑c‑§Ä e‑`‑n‑¨‑n‑«‑p‑|‑v. C‑t¸‑mÄ X‑r‑È‑q‑c‑nÂ a‑®‑p ]‑c‑y‑th‑£‑W H‑m‑^‑o‑k‑d‑m‑W‑v.)

a-®p-]-cy-th-£-W A-Sn-Øm-\-¯nÂ hn-hn-[ ]-©m-b-¯p-I-fn-se hn-i-Z-am-b a-®p-]-cy-th-£-W dn-t¸mÀ-«p-IÄ e-̀ y-am-Wv. C-Xv A-Sn-Øm-\-am-¡n a-®n-sâ ]-cn-]m-e-\w k-a-{K-am-bn kw-Øm-\ X-e-̄ nÂ X-s¶ F-Ãm C-S-§-fn-epw \-S-̧ n-em-¡m-\pw A-Xn-eq-sS ImÀ-jn-tIm-Xv-]m-Z-\w C-t¸mÄ D-Å-Xn-t\-¡mÄ C-c-«n-bm-¡m-\pw km-[n-¡pw.


u


«-n-IÄ c-m-P-y-¯-n-sâ h-c-Z-m-

\-a-m -W- v. `-m -h-n -` -m -K-t[-b-w

\-n-Ý-b-n-¡-p-¶-X-v A-h-c-m-W-v.

F-¶-mÂ s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-n-se k-h-n-

ti-j-a-m-b K-p-W-h-n-ti-j-§-f-p-w I-p-

S-p-w-_-t -̄m-S-p-Å I-c-p-X-e-p-w A-a-q-e-y

k-¼-¯-m-W-v. s]¬-I-p-«-n -IÄ-¡-v

a-m-{X-a-m-b-n H-c-p-Z-n-\-w \-m-w F-Ã-m-hÀ-

j-h-p-w P-\-p-h-c-n 24þ-m-w X-o-b-X-n 2008

a-p-XÂ B-tL-m-j-n-¡-p-¶-p. F-{X-t]

À-¡-v C-X-d-n-b-m-w? B¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ

B-k-v-X-n-I-f-m-b-p-w s]¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ

_-m-[-y-X-b-m-b-p-w k-a-q-l-w I-W-

¡-m-¡-n-b-n-c-p-¶ B I-m-e-w s]-m-b-v-

t]-m-b-n. C-t¸-mÄ s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-sf

\-Ã-c-o-X-n-b-nÂ h-fÀ-t¯-|-X-n-sâ-

b-p-w k-w-c-£-n-t¡-|-X-n-sâ-b-p-w \-Ã

]-mT-§Ä ]T-n-¸-n-t¡-|-X-n-sâ-b-p-w

{]-m-[-m-\-y-w G-h-c-p-w DÄ-s¡-m-|-n-

c-n-¡-p-¶-p. A-´À-tZ-i-o-b c-w-K-¯-v

sF-I-y-c-m-j-v-{S-k-`-b-p-sS B-`-n-a-p-J-y-

¯-nÂ 2012 a-p-XÂ H-I-v-S-m-_À 11 \-v

s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS Z-n-\-a-m-b-n sI-m-

|-m-S-p-¶-p-|-v.

s]¬-I-p -« -n -IÄ A-k-a-Xz-w

t\-c-n-S-p-¶ ta-J-e-IÄ A-\-h-[-n-b-p-

|-v. h-n-Z-y-m-̀ -y-m-k-w, t]-m-j-I-m-l-m-c-w,

\-n-b-a-]-c-a-m-b-n e-`-n-t¡-| A-h-

I-m-i-§Ä, B-tc-m-K-y i-p-{i-q-j,

]-c-n-]-m-e-\-w, k-w-c-£-W-w, A-w-K-o-

I-m-c-w, ssi-i-h h-n-h-m-l-w, {`-q-W-

l-X-y X-p-S-§-n-b-h D-Z-m-l-c-W-w;

s]¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v F-Ã-m X-p-W-b-p-w

A-h-k-c-§-f-p-w X-p-e-y-a-m-b-n H-c-p-¡-n

sI-m-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v s]-m-X-p-h-m-b A-h-

s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-tÃ \-a-p-¡-v th-|-X-v ?P-\-p-h-c-n 24 s]¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-p-th-|-n-b-p-Å tZ-i-o-b Z-n-\-w

Sn. jmlpÂ laoZv

P\phcn 20163]©mbØv cmPv 419 P\phcn 20163]©mbØv cmPv 419

Ip


t_-m-[-w D-|-m-¡-p-I F-¶-X-v B-[-p-

\-n-I k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ I-S-a-b-m-W-v,

C-X-n-\-m-b-n C-´-y-b-nÂ H-c-p tZ-i-o-b-

a-n-j³ {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶-p-|-v. s]¬-

I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS kÀ-Æ-tX-m-·-p-J-a-m-b

]-p-tc-m-K-X-n-¡-p-w A-h-c-p-sS h-fÀ-¨-

¡-p-w h-n-I-m-k-¯-n-\-p-w h-n-L-m-X-a-m-

b-n \-nÂ-¡-p-¶ F-Ã-m L-S-I-§-sf-

b-p-w k-m-a-q-l-y-m-[-n-j-vT-n-X k-a-o-]-\-w

kz-o-I-c-n-¨-v C-Ã-m-X-m-¡-p-I-b-p-w A-h-

c-nÂ A-`-n-a-m-\-t_-m-[-h-p-w, s]¬-

I-p-«-n -IÄ H-c-p k-¼-¯-m-sW-¶

A-h-t_-m-[-w c-£-n-X-m-¡-f-nÂ Z-r-

V-o-I-c-n-¡-p-h-m-\-p-Å {]-hÀ-¯-\-a-m-

W-v a-n-j³ \-S-¯-p-¶-X-v. I-q-S-m-sX

X-o-c-p-a-m-\-w F-S-p-¡-p-h-m-\-p-Å A-h-

c-p-sS A-h-I-m-i-w ]-qÀ-®-a-m-b-p-w k-w-

c-£-n-¨-v k-a-q-l-¯-n-se Ø-m-\-w

D-bÀ-¯-p-¶-X-n-e-q-sS k-m-a-q-l-y-h-n-

th-N-\-w C-Ã-m-X-m-¡-n k-p-c-£-n-X-Xz-w

D-d-¸-p-h-c-p-¯-m³ I-g-n-b-p-w. B¬-I-p-

«-n-IÄ-¡-v e-`-n-¡-p-¶ ]-c-n-K-W-\-b-p-w

]-c-n-e-m-f-\-h-p-w s]¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-p-w

e-̀ -y-a-m-h-W-w. {]-tX-y-I k-l-m-\-p-̀ -q-

X-n-tb-m, k-l-m-b-ta-m C-Ã-m-sX kz-

´-w I-m-e-nÂ \-nÂ-¡-p-h-m³ A-h-sc

{]-m-]-v-X-c-m-¡-p-I F-¶-X-v I-m-e-L-

«-¯-n-sâ B-h-i-y-a-m-W-v.

tZ-i-o-b-X-e-¯-nÂ k-v-

{X-o k-m-£-c-X 53.87% a-m-

W-v a-q-¶-nÂ H-¶-v s]¬-

I-p-«-n-I-f-p-w t]-m-j-I-m-

l-m-c-I-p-d-h-v A-\-p-`-h-n-

¡-p-¶-p. h-n-fÀ-̈ k-v-{X-o-

I-f-p-sS I-q-S-̧ -n-d-̧ -m-W-v,

tc-m-K-§Ä a-p³-I-q-«-n

a-\-k-n -e-m -¡-m-\-p -Å

A-h-k-c-a-n-Ã-m-b-v-a-b-p-w

Z-m-c-n-{Z-y-h-p-w G-ä-h-p-w I-q-

S-p-XÂ _-m-[-n-¡-p-¶-X-v

s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-sf-b-m-W-v. 14

h-b-Ê-v h-sc k-mÀ-Æ-{X-n-I-

a-m-b h-n-Z-y-m-̀ -y-m-k-w ku-P-\-y-a-m-

sW-¦-n-e-p-w tI-c-f-sa-m-g-n-̈ -p-Å k-w-

Ø-m-\-§-f-nÂ s]¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v

h-n-Z-y-m-̀ -y-m-k-w ]-qÀ-® AÀ-°-̄ -nÂ

e-̀ -n-¡-p-¶-n-Ã. k-v-I-q-f-nÂ t]-m-I-m-̄

I-p-«-n-I-f-nÂ 60%h-p-w s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-

f-m-W-v tI-{µ-a-m-\-h h-n-`-h-ti-j-n

a-{´-m-e-b-¯-n-sâ I-W-¡-v {]-I-m-c-w

]-{´-|-m-w ¢-m-k-nÂ F-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-v

a-p-¼-v 61.5% s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-p-w sI-m-g-n-

ª-p-t]-m-I-p-¶-p. {`-q-W-m-h-Ø-b-nÂ

\-i-n-¸-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶ s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-sf

k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-v A-aÀ-X-y-sk³ X-s¶

B-i-¦ ]-¦-p-h-b-v-¡-p-¶-p-|-v. te-m-

I-¯-v 100 a-n-e-y¬ s]¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ

_-m-e-th-e sN-¿-p-¶-p A-h-c-nÂ

50% I-p-«-n-I-f-p-w A-X-n-Z-pÀ-L-S-a-m-b

k-m-l-N-c-y-¯-n-e-m-W-v tP-m-e-n-sN-¿-p-

¶-X-v F-¶-v A-´-m-c-m-j-v-{S sX-m-g-nÂ

k-w-L-S-\ h-y-à-a-m-¡-p-I-b-p-|-m-b-n.

1980 h-sc sse-w-K-n-I sX-m-g-n-e-n-te-

b-v-¡-v ]-e I-m-c-W-§Ä sI-m-|-v

h-g-p-X-n-t]-m-I-p-¶ s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS

{]-m-b-w 14 h-b-Ê-v a-p-XÂ 16 h-b-Ê-v

h-sc-b-m-b-n-c-p-s¶-¦-nÂ C-¶-v C-´-y-

b-nÂ C-X-v 10 h-b-Ê-v a-p-XÂ 14 h-b-

Ê-v h-sc-b-m-b-n I-p-d-ª-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p,

sF-I-y-c-m-j-v-{S k-`-b-p-sS I-W-¡-v

{]-I-m-c-w te-m-I-s¯ a-q-¶-nÂ H-¶-v

s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-p-w A-h-c-p-sS h-fÀ-

¨-b-p-sS {]-b-m-W-¯-n-\-n-S-b-nÂ i-m-

c-o-c-n -I-a-m-b-p-w, sse-w-K-n-I-a-m-b-p-w

N-q-j-W-w sN-¿-s¸-S-p-¶-p. I-p-S-p-w-_-

_-Ô-a-p-Å-h-c-nÂ \-n-¶-v {]-b-m-k-w

A-\-p-`-h-n-¡-p-¶ s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS

F-®-w \-mÄ-¡-p-\-mÄ hÀ-²-n-¡-p-

¶-p. ]T-\-k-a-b-̄ -v A-²-y-m-]-I-c-nÂ

\-n-¶-p-w s]¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v A-k-p-

J-I-c-a-m-b A-\-p-`-h-§Ä t\-c-n-tS-

|-n-h-c-p-¶-p.

P-\-\ e-n-w-K-m-\-p-]-m-X-¯-nÂ

s]¬-I-p-«-n -I-f-p -sS F-®-w I-p-d-

ª-p-h-c-p-¶-X-v h-e-n-b `-o-j-W-n-b-m-

b-n \-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS

k-w-J-y-b-nÂ 11% C-S-n-h-v G-j-y³

c-m-P-y-§-f-nÂ A-\-p-`-h-s¸-S-p-¶-p.

1962 Â C-´-y-b-nÂ 100 s]¬-I-p-

«-n-IÄ-¡-v 102.2 B¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-m-b

Ø-m-\-¯-v 2011 se sk³-k-Ê-v

{]-I-m-c-w 100 s]¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v 109.9

B¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-m-W-v. l-c-n-b-m-\-b-nÂ

119.7, ]-©-m-_-nÂ 117.6, D-¯-c-m-J-

W-v-U-nÂ 114.2, a-l-m-c-m-j-v-{S 114.2,

K-p-P-d-m-¯-nÂ 113.7, tI-c-f-¯-nÂ

102.2. B-W-v.

52.48% k-v-{X-o-IÄ D-Å tI-c-

f-¯-nÂ s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS F-®-w

I-p-d-ª-p-h-c-p-¶-X-v b-p-\-k-v-tI-m A-S-

¡-a-p-Å A-´-m-c-m-j-v-{S k-w-L-S-\-

IÄ k-k-q-£-v-a-w \-n-c-o-£-n-¡-p-

¶-p-|-v. 2011 se sk³-k-Ê-v

{]-I-m-c-w tI-c-f-¯-nÂ 6

h-b-v -Ê-v h-sc-b-p-Å I-p-

«-n-I-f-p-sS k-w-J-y-b-nÂ

16.95% B¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-p-w

16.26% s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-p-

a-m-W-v, 1000 ]-p-c-p-j-·-mÀ-

¡-v 1084 k-v-{X-o-IÄ D-Å

k-w-Ø-m-\-̄ -v a-e-̧ -p-d-w

H-g-n-sI a-ä-v F-Ã-m P-n-Ã-I-

f-n-e-p-w s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS

F-®-w I-p-d-b-p-¶-p. a-e-¸-p-

d-¯-v 4.08% s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-p-

sS F-®-w hÀ-²-n-¡-p-t¼-mÄ

]-¯-\-w-X-n-«-b-nÂ 23.76% s\-K-

ä-o-h-v h-fÀ-¨-b-m-W-v I-m-W-n-¡-p-¶-X-v.

6 h-b-Ê-v h-sc-b-p-Å I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS

I-W-¡-v ]-c-n -ti-m-[-n -¨-mÂ 1000

B¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v 964 s]¬-I-p-

«-n -I-f-m-W-v tI-c-f-¯-nÂ D-Å-X-v.

]-¯-\-w-X-n-«-b-nÂ C-X-v 976, X-r-È-q-

c-nÂ 950 B-sW-¶-v A-d-n-b-p-t¼-m-

g-m-W-v s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS P-\-\-w



X-S-Ê-s¸-S-p-¶-p F-¶ b-m-Y-mÀ-°-y-w

\-a-p-¡-v a-\-Ê-n-e-m-I-p-¶-X-v; k-a-q-l-

a-\-Ê-m-£-n D-W-tc-|-X-m-b H-c-p

k-m-a-q-l-y-{]-i-v-\-a-m-W-v s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-

f-p-sS k-w-J-y-b-n-se I-p-d-h-v.

{ -̀q-W-m-h-Ø-b-nÂ \-n-¶-v X-s¶

s]¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ h-n-th-N-\-w t\-c-n-S-p-

¶-p. s]-®-m-sW-¦-nÂ F-§-s\-sb-

¦-n-e-p-w {`-q-W-m-h-Ø-b-nÂ X-s¶

\-n-j-v-I-m-k-\-w sN-¿-p-¶ {]-h-W-X

I-q-S-n-h-c-p-¶-p; h-n-h-n-[ \-n-b-a-§Ä

c-m-P-y-¯-p-s|-¦-n-e-p-w {`-q-W-l-X-y

\-S-̄ -p-¶-X-v ̂ -e-{]-Z-a-m-b-n X-S-b-m³

\-a-p-¡-v k-m-[-n-¡-p-¶-n-Ã. P-o-h-n-X-m-c-w-

`-¯-nÂ X-s¶ A-X-nÀ h-c-¼-p-I-f-p-w

thÀ-X-n-c-n-h-p-I-f-p-w \-S-]-S-n-N-«-§-f-p-w

s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-sf B¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-nÂ

\-n-¶-v thÀ-X-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. h-n-th-N-\-w

s]¬-I-p-ª-n-\-v \-j-v-S-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-

X-v P-o-h-n-X-h-n-P-b-w t\-S-m-\-p-Å A-h-

k-c-a-m-W-v {]-X-n-hÀ-j-w H-c-p e-£-w

s]¬ {`-q-W-§Ä C-´-y-b-nÂ C-Ã-m-

X-m-¡-p -¶-p. 1971 Â sa-U-n -¡Â

sSÀ-½-n-t\-j³ H-m-^-v {]-á³-k-n

F-¶ \-n-b-a-w D-|-m-b-n F-¦-n-e-p-w

1994 Â {]-o-\-m-äÂ U-b-tá-m-k-v-ä-n-I-v

sS-I-v-\-n-I-v-k-v \-n-b-a-{]-I-m-c-w {`-q-W-m-

h-Ø-b-nÂ e-n-w-K-]-c-n-ti-m-[-\ \-n-b-

a-h-n-c-p-²-a-m-¡-n-b-n-c-p-¶-p. 2004 Â Cu

\-n-b-a-¯-n-\-v t`-Z-K-X-n h-s¶-¦-n-e-p-w,

C-´-y-b-nÂ I-g-n -ª H-c-p Z-i-I-

¯-n-\-n-S-b-nÂ 106000 {`-q-W-l-X-y

a-m-{X-ta X-S-b-m³ k-m-[-n-¨-n-«-p-Å-q.

{`-q-W-m-h-Ø-b-n-e-p-Å e-n-w-K-]-c-n -

ti-m-[-\ \-n-b-a-h-n-c-p-²-a-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w

¢-n-\-n-¡-p-I-f-nÂ C-X-v c-l-k-y-a-m-b-n

\-S-¡-p-¶-p-sh-¶-X-v b-m-Y-mÀ-°-y-a-m-

W-v. a-p-w-ss_ ssl-t¡-m-S-X-n-b-p-sS

Cu-b-S-p-¯-p-Å h-n-[-n-\-y-m-b-¯-nÂ

P-\-\-¯-n-\-v a-p-¼-p-Å e-n-w-K-\-nÀ-

®-b-w A-X-v s]-®-m-tW-m F-¶-v

]-c-n -ti-m-[-n -¨-v C-Ã-m-X-m-¡-p-¶-X-n-

\-m-sW-¦-nÂ A-X-v `-c-W-L-S-\

\Â-I-p-¶ k-v-{X-o kz-m-X-{ -́y-̄ -n-s\-

X-n-sc-b-p-Å I-S-¶-v-I-b-ä-a-m-W-v F-¶-v

{]-k-v-X-m-h-n-¨-n-«-p-|-v.

s]¬-I-p-ª-p-§-f-p-sS k-w-c-

£-W-¯-n-\-p-w h-fÀ-¨-¡-p-w th-|-n

\-n-b-a-\-nÀ-½-m-W-§Ä D-|-m-b-n-«-p-w

A-sX-m-¶-p-w th-|-{X ^-e-{]-Z-a-m-

b-n \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-p-h-m³ k-m-[-n-¨-n-«-n-Ã.

1974 Â I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v th-|-n a-m-{X-w

H-c-p \-b-w c-m-P-y-w D-|-m-¡-n 2005 Â

tZ-i-o-b X-e-¯-nÂ I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-m-b-n

H-c-p {]-hÀ-¯-\-]-c-n-]-m-S-n B-k-q-

{X-W-w sN-b-v-X-p. {`-q-W-m-h-Ø-b-nÂ

e-n-w-K-]-c-n-ti-m-[-\ k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-p-Å

IÀ-i-\ \-n-b-a-w D-|-m-¡-n, A-k-m³-

a-mÀ-Kn-I {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡-m-b-n

I-p-«-n -I-sf I-S-¯-n-sI-m-|-v t]-m-

I-p-¶-X-n-s\-X-n-sc 1986 Â a-sä-m-c-p

\-n-b-a-w D-|-m-¡-n, 2000 ¯-n-se P-p-

h-ss\Â P-Ì-n-k-v \-n-b-a-w, C-´-y³

]-o-\Â tI-m-U-n-se I-p-«-n-I-sf k-w-

_-Ô-n-¨-p-Å h-I-p-¸-p-IÄ, 2009þ-se

K-mÀ-l-o-I ]-o-U-\ \-n-b-a-w, 2006þ-

se ssi-i-h h-n -h-m-l-w k-w-_-

Ô-n-¨ \-n-b-a-w, 2006þ-se k-v-{X-o-[-\

\-n-tc-m-[-\ \-n-b-a-w F-¶-n-h s]¬-

I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS {]-i-v-\-§Ä-¡-v ]-c-n-l-m-

c-w \-nÀ-t±-i-n-¡-p-¶-h-b-m-W-v. ̂ -e-{]-

Z-a-m-b-n \-n-b-a-§-sf D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-p-w

k-a-q-l-y C-S-s]-S-e-p-I-f-n-e-q-sS-b-p-w

s]¬ I-p-ª-p-§Ä-¡-v F-X-n-sc-

b-p-Å {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä X-S-b-m³

k-a-q-l a-\-Ê-m-£-n Cu Z-n-\-w B-N-

c-n-¡-p-t¼-mÄ F-¦-n-e-p-w D-W-tc-|-

X-m-b-n-«-p-|-v.

s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS D-¶-a-\-¯-n-

\-m-b-n H-t«-sd ]-²-X-n-IÄ c-m-P-y-¯-v

D-|-m-b-n-«-p-|-v. 2008þ-se [-\-e-£-v-a-n

]-²-X-n 2014þ-se k-p-I-\-y-m-k-a-r-²-n,

t_-«-n-_-¨-m-th-m, t_-«-n-]T-m-th-m

tb-m-P-\, tk-h-v Z-n tKÄ ssNÂ-U-v

I-y-m-w-s]-b-v³, tI-{µ h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k

\-n-b-a-w, X-t±-i kz-b-w-`-c-W Ø-m-

]-\-§-f-n-te-b-v-¡-p-Å X-n-c-sª-S-p-

¸-nÂ GÀ-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b k-v-{X-o-IÄ-

¡-p-Å a-q-¶-nÂ H-¶-v k-w-h-c-W-w, H-m-

¸-td-j³ »-m-¡-v t_-mÀ-U-v, kz-b-w-

k-l-m-b k-w-L-§Ä c-q-]-o-I-c-n-¨-p-

sI-m-|-p-Å Z-m-c-n-{Z-y \-nÀ-½-mÀ-Ö-\

h-c-p-a-m-\-Z-m-b-I {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä,

C-µ-n-c-m-K-m-Ô-n _-m-e-n-I-m k-p-c-£-m

tb-m-P-\, tI-c-f kÀ-¡-m-c-n -sâ

\-nÀ-`-b ]-²-X-n, I-p-S-p-w-_-{i-o-b-p-sS

B-`-n-a-p-J-y-¯-n-e-p-Å k-v-t\-l-n-X

sP³-UÀ slÂ-¸-v sU-k-v-I-v k-w-h-n-

[-m-\-w C-h-sb-m-s¡ s]¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ-

¡-v k-p-c-£-n-X P-o-h-n-X ku-I-c-y-w

k-r-j-v-S-n-¡-m-\-p-t±-i-n-¨-p-Å-h-b-m-W-v.

s]¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v th-|-n-b-p-Å ]-e

]-²-X-n-I-f-p-w ]-qÀ-W AÀ-°-¯-nÂ

{]-m-tb-m-K-n -I-a-m-b-n-«-p -t|-m-sb-¶-v

B-ß-]-c-n-ti-m-[-\ \-S-¯-m³ Cu

Z-n-\-w \-a-p-¡-v {]-tb-m-P-\-s -̧S-p-̄ -m-w.

2000 G-{]-nÂ a-p-XÂ sF-I-y

c-m-j-v-{S-k-`-b-p-sS t\-X-r-Xz-¯-nÂ

s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-¯-n-

\-m-b-n {]-tX-y-I I-y-m-¼-b-n³ B-c-w-̀ -n-

-̈X-v I-q-S-p-XÂ {]-X-o-£-IÄ \Â-I-p-

¶-p Because I am a Girl I-y-m-¼-b-n³

thÄ-U-v F-U-y-q -t¡-j³-t^-m-d-w

B-c-w-`-n-¨-X-p-w, "c-m-P-y-¯-n-sâ `-m-h-n

\-½-p-sS s]¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ-' F-¶ a-p-

{Z-h-m-I-y-w C-´-y D-bÀ-¯-n-¸-n-S-n-¡-p-

¶-X-p-w k-m-a-q-l-y {]-X-n-_-²-X-b-p-Å

\-S³ B-a-nÀ-J-m-sâ t\-X-r-Xz-¯-n-

e-p-Å "-Daughtes are precious' F-¶

]-c-n-]-m-S-n-b-p-w, C-́ -y-b-n-se s]¬-I-p-

«-n-I-f-p-sS A-´-Ê-p-w A-`-n-a-m-\-h-p-w

t{]-m-Öz-e-n-¸-n-¡-p-I F-¶ e-£-y-

t¯-m-sS-b-m-W-v.

F-Ã-m a-X-§-f-p-w k-v-{X-o-I-sf

_-l-p-a-m-\-n-¡-p-¶-p B-Z-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.

_-l-p-kz-c k-w-k-v-I-m-c-§-f-p-w k-w-

k-v-I-r-X-n-b-p-a-p-Å C-́ -y-b-nÂ 1991þÂ

1000 B¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v 945 s]¬-I-p-

«-n-I-f-m-b-n-c-p-¶ Ø-m-\-¯-v 2011þÂ

A-X-v 918 B-b-n I-p-d-ª-p F-¶-X-v

B-i-¦ D-WÀ-¯-p-¶ P-\-k-w-J-y-m

{]-i-v-\-a-m-W-v. C-X-v ]-c-n-l-m-c-w I-m-

tW-| k-m-a-q-l-y {]-i-v-\-a-m-W-v.

s]¬-Ip-ªp-§-fp-sS kw-c-£-W-¯n-\pw h-fÀ-¨-¡pw th-|n \n-b-a-\nÀ-½m-W-§Ä D-|m-bn-«pw A-sXm-¶pw th-|-{X ̂ -e-{]-Z-am-bn \-S-¸n-em-¡p-hm³ km-[n-¨n-«n-Ã. 1974 Â Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v th-|n am-{Xw H-cp \-bw cm-Pyw D-|m-¡n 2005 Â tZ-io-b X-e-̄ nÂ Ip-«n-IÄ-¡m-bn H-cp {]-hÀ-¯-\-]-cn-]m-Sn B-kq-{X-Ww sN-bv-Xp. {`q-Wm-h-Ø-bnÂ enw-K-]-cn-tim-[-\ kw-_-Ôn-¨p-Å IÀ-i-\ \n-b-aw D-|m-¡n

u


tI-c-f-¯-nÂA-[-n-I-m-c h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-c-W-̄ -n-

sâ I-m-c-y-¯-nÂ C-X-c k-w-Ø-m-\-

§-sf-t¸-m-se tI-c-f-¯-n-\-p-w N-n-e

]-g-a-I-sf-m-s¡ A-h-I-m-i-s¸-S-m-\-p-

|-v. h-f-sc a-p³-]-v X-s¶, `-c-W

ku-I-c-y -¯-n -\-m -b-n, c-m -P-y -s¯

X-d, I-g-I-w, {K-m-a-w, tZ-i-w, \-m-S-v

X-p-S-§-n-b L-S-I-§-f-m-b-n thÀ-X-n-

c-n-¨-v A-h-b-p-sS `-c-W-w {]-m-tZ-i-n-I

i-à-n-I-sf GÂ-¸-n-¡-p-¶ k-{¼-

Z-m-b-w C-h-n-sS {]-N-c-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-m-b-n

N-c-n-{X-I-m-c-·-mÀ tc-J-s -̧S-p-̄ -n-b-n-c-n-

¡-p-¶-p. C-X-n-\-p ]-p-d-ta ssk-\-n-I-m-

h-i-y-§Ä-¡-m-b-p-w N-n-e {]-m-tZ-i-n-I

L-S-I-§Ä {]-hÀ-¯-n-¨-n -c-p -¶-p.

\-q-ä-p-hÀ, A-ª-q-ä-p-hÀ-]-], A-d-p-

\-q-ä-p-hÀ X-p-S-§-n-b-h-sb Cu K-W-

¯-nÂ-s¸-S-p-¯-m-w. 20- i-X-I-¯-n-sâ

X-p-S-¡- -̄nÂ a-ä-p N-n-e \-o-¡-§-f-p-w

Cu Z-n-i-b-nÂ \-S-¡-p-I-b-p-|-m-b-n.

1914-Â sI-m-¨-n-b-nÂ \-n-e-h-nÂ h-¶

sI-m-¨-n ]-©-m-b-¯-v B-Î-v, 1925-se

X-n-c-p-h-n-X-m-w-I-qÀ h-n-tÃ-P-v ]-©-m-b-

-̄v B-Î-v, 1884-se a-{Z-m-k-v te-m-¡Â

t_-m-U-o-k-v B-Î-v {]-I-m-c-w a-e-_-m-

d-nÂ \-n-e-h-nÂ-h-¶ ]-©-m-b-¯-v

b-q-W-n-b-\-p-IÄ, 1920-se a-{Z-m-k-v h-n-

tÃ-P-v B-Î-v {]-I-m-c-w \-n-e-h-nÂ h-¶

a-e-_-mÀ U-n-k-v-{S-n-Î-v t_-mÀ-U-p-IÄ,

1950-se X-n-c-p-sI-m-¨-n ]-©-m-b-¯-v

B-Î-v X-p-S-§-n-b-h C-̄ -c-p-W-̄ -nÂ

]-c-m-aÀ-i-aÀ-l-n-¡-p-¶-p.

tI-c-f-]-n-d-h-n-¡-p-ti-j-w A-[-n-

I-m-c-w h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-c-n-̈ -v P-n-Ã-m-X-e-̄ -n-

e-p-w A-X-n-\-p X-m-sg-b-p-Å P-\-m-b-̄

L-S-I-§Ä-¡-p-w \Â-I-m³ ]-e-h-p-c-p

{i-a-n-¡-p-I-b-p-|-m-b-n. 1957 B-K-Ì-v 15-

\-v \-n-b-a-n-¡-s -̧« ̀ -c-W-]-c-n-j-v-I-m-c-I-

½-n-ä-n-b-p-w A-X-n-sâ i-n-]-mÀ-i-I-f-p-sS

A-[-n-I-m-c h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-c-W-̄ -n-sâ c-|-v ]-X-n-ä-m-|-p-IÄ, t\-«-§Ä, ]-c-n-a-n-X-n-IÄ ]-c-n-l-m-c-§Ä

civ-an taml³


A-S-n-Ø-m-\-¯-nÂ X-¿-m-d-m-¡-s¸-«

tI-c-f-m ]-©-m-b-¯-v _-n-Ã-p-w (1958,

U-n-k-w-_À 9) tI-c-f P-n-Ã-m k-a-n-X-n-

_-n-Ã-p-w (1959 G-{]-nÂ 16); 1960-se

tI-c-f ]-©-m-b-¯-v B-Î-p-w, tI-c-f-m

a-p-\-n-k-n-¸-m-e-n-ä-o-k-v B-Î-p-w, 1961-se

tI-c-f a-p-\-n-k-n-¸Â tI-mÀ-¸-td-j³-

k-v B-Î-p-w, 1964-se tI-c-f ]-©-m-b-

-̄v b-q-W-n-b³ sIu¬-k-nÂ P-n-Ã-m

]-c-n-j-¯-v _-n-Ã-p-w; 1967-se tI-c-f

]-©-m-b-¯-v c-m-P-v _-n-Ã-p-w; 1980-se

P-n-Ã-m-`-c-W \-n-b-a-h-p-w 1988-se h-n.

c-m-a-N-{µ³ I-½-n-ä-n-b-p-w 1990-Â \-n-e-

h-nÂ-h-¶ P-n-Ã-m sIu¬-k-n-e-p-I-f-p-w

Cu Z-n-i-b-n-se k-p-{]-[-m-\ \-o-¡-§-

f-m-W-v. ]-t£, C-X-c k-w-Ø-m-\-§-

sf-t¸-m-se tI-c-f-¯-n-e-p-w {]-m-tZ-

i-n-I kz-b-w-`-c-W-Ø-m-]-\-§Ä-¡-v

i-à-n-]-IÀ-¶-X-v 73, -74 `-c-W-L-

S-\-m t`-Z-K-X-n-I-f-m-W-v. C-X-n-sâ

A-S-n-Ø-m-\-¯-nÂ 1994-Â tI-c-f

]-©-m-b-¯-v c-m-P-v B-Î-p-w tI-c-f

a-p-\-n-k-n-¸-m-e-n-ä-o-k-v B-Î-p-w ]-m-Ê-m-

¡-p-I-b-p-w H-c-p {X-n-X-e ]-©-m-b-¯-v

c-m-P-v k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w \-n-e-h-nÂ h-c-p-I-

b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p. \-K-c-{]-tZ-i-§-f-nÂ

a-p-\-n-k-n-¸-m-e-n-ä-n-I-f-p-w tI-mÀ-¸-td-j-

\-p-I-f-p-w k-P-o-h-a-m-b-n.

F-¶-mÂ A-[-n-I-m-c-h-n-tI-{µ-o-

I-c-W-¯-n-sâ I-m-c-y-¯-nÂ tI-c-f-w

\Â-I-n-b G-ä-h-p-w h-e-n-b k-w-̀ -m-h-\

h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-r-X-m-k-q-{X-W-w A-Y-

h-m P-\-I-o-b-m-k-q-{X-W-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p

(1999). H-c-p ]-t£ tI-c-f-w I-|-n-

«-p-Å-X-nÂ h-¨-v G-ä-h-p-w K-W-\-o-

b-a-m-sb-m-c-p P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-h-n-I-k-\

]-c-o-£-W-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p C-X-n-e-q-sS

D-c-p-¯-n-c-n-ª-p-h-¶-X-v. k-w-Ø-m-\-

¯-n-sâ sa-m-¯-w ]-²-X-n X-p-I-

b-p-sS 30--40 i-X-a-m-\-w {]-m-tZ-

i-n-I `-c-W-Ø-m-]-\-§Ä-¡-v

h-o-X-n-¨-v \Â-I-p-I-b-p-w A-X-v

h-n -\-n -tb-m-K-n -¡-p-¶-X-n -\- v

h-n -i-Z-a-m-b a-mÀ-K-tc-J-

IÄ X-¿-m-d-m-¡-p-I-b-p-w

P-\-§-sf {]-m-tZ-i-n -I

-̀c-W-̄ -n-se-¶-X-p-t]-m-se \-m-S-n-sâ

h-n-I-k-\-̄ -n-e-p-w ]-¦-m-f-n-I-f-m-¡-p-I-

b-p-w sN-b-v-X H-¶-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p P-\-I-o-

b-m-k-q-{X-W-w. kz-m-`-m-h-n-I-a-m-b-p-w

A-X-n-\-v ]-e t]-m-c-m-b-v-a-I-f-p-sS-b-p-w

\-S-p-h-n-e-p-w k-w-Ø-m-\-¯-n-sâ h-n-I-

k-\-¯-n-e-p-w h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-c-W-¯-n-

e-p-w AÀ-Y-h-¯-m-b k-w-`-m-h-\-IÄ

\Â-I-m-\-m-b-n.

{K-m-a-k-̀ -IÄ ]-©-m-b-̄ -o-c-m-P-v

\-n-b-a-¯-nÂ G-sd \-nÀ-W-m-b-I-a-m-

W-v. A-X-n-\-v H-t«-sd A-[-n-I-m-c-§-

f-p-|-v. {K-m-a-k-̀ -b-p-sS \-nÀ-tZ-i-§Ä

ewLn-¡p-hm³ ]-©-m-b-¯-v `-c-W-

k-a-n -X-¡-[-n-I-m-c-a-n -Ã. BÀ-¡-p-w

]-n-c-n-¨-p-h-n-S-m³ I-g-n-b-m-¯ ̀ -c-W-L-

S-\-m Ø-m-]-\-a-m-W-v {K-m-a-k-̀ -sb-¶-p

\-n-b-a-w ]-d-b-p-¶-p. H-c-p {K-m-a-k-̀ -¡-p

I-o-g-n-se {]-tZ-i-̄ -v J-\-\-w \-S-̄ -p-

¶-tX-m a-e-n-\-o-I-c-W-w \-S-¯-p-¶-

tX-m X-S-b-m³ A-hÀ-¡-p I-g-n-b-p-w.

K-p-W-t`-m-à-m-¡-f-m-b h-y-à-n-I-sf-

tb-m I-p-S-p-w-_-§-sf-tb-m sX-c-sª-

S-p-¡-m³ {K-m-a-k-`-¡-m-W-[-n-I-m-c-w.

N-p-c-p-¡-¯-nÂ H-c-p h-mÀ-U-n-se P-o-

h-n-X-w k-w-_-Ô-n-¨ X-o-c-p-a-m-\-§Ä

F-S-p-¡-p-¶ {K-m-a-k-`-b-nÂ C-S-s]-

S-m³ H-m-tc-m ]u-c-\-p-w A-h-I-m-i-

a-p-|-v. ]-²-X-n \-nÀ-h-l-W-¯-n-e-p-w

P-\-I-o-b ]-¦-m-f-n-¯-w D-d-¸-m-¡-m³

\-n-c-h-[-n N-«-§-f-p-|-v. F-Ã-m \-nÀ-

h-l-W-§-f-p-w K-p-W-t`-m-à-r k-a-n-

X-n-IÄ h-g-n \-S-¯-W-sa-¶-m-W-v

\-n-b-a-w h-n-`-m-h-\-w sN-b-v-X-hÀ D-t±-

i-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-v. C-X-p-h-g-n \-nÀ-a-m-W

{]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f-p-sS K-p-W-\-n-e-h-m-

c-w D-d-¸-m-¡-m-\-p-w I-m-e-X-m-a-k-w

H-g-n-h-m-¡-m-\-p-w A-g-n-a-X-n X-S-b-m-\-p-w

I-g-n-b-p-sa-¶-m-W-v I-c-p-X-n-b-n-c-p-¶-X-v.

X-oÀ-¯-p-w k-p-X-m-c-y-a-m-b {]-hÀ-¯-

\-§Ä-¡-p th-|-n \-nÀ-a-m-W {]-hÀ-

-̄\-§Ä k-w-_-Ô-n-̈ h-n-h-c-§Ä

A-X-X-p {]-tZ-i-¯-v Ø-m-]-n -¨

t_-mÀ-U-p-I-f-nÂ h-n-i-Z-a-m-b-n F-g-p-

X-W-w- A-X-n-\-p-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-p-¶ k-m-

a-{K-n-I-f-p-sS-b-p-w sX-m-g-n-e-n-sâ-b-p-w

I-W-¡-p-I-f-p-w a-ä-p-w. K-p-W-\-n-e-h-m-c-w

C-S-¡-n-sS-b-p-w H-S-p-h-n-e-p-w ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-

¡-m³ h-n-Z-K-v-[ k-a-n-X-n-IÄ-¡-p a-m-{X-

a-Ã G-X-p ]u-c-\-p-w A-h-I-m-i-a-p-|-v.

h-\-n-X, ]-«-n-I L-S-I ]-²-X-n-

I-f-p-sS \-nÀ-h-l-W-¯-n-\-p-w h-y-

à-a-m-b N-«-§-f-p-|-v. A-h H-m-tc-m

]-²-X-n-b-n-e-p-w (hÀ-j-̄ -n-e-p-w) \-nÀ-h-

l-n-̈ -p-th-m F-¶-v ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¡-m-\-p-w

A-X-p ]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-n-sÃ-¦-nÂ A-X-n-

sâ X-p-I I-q-S-n A-S-p-¯ hÀ-j-t¯-

¡-v a-m-ä-n-sh-¡-m-\-p-w h-y-h-Ø-b-p-|-v.

{]-m-Y-a-n-I-m-tc-m-K-y tI-{µ-§Ä a-p-

XÂ P-n-Ã-m B-i-p-]-{X-n h-sc X-t±-i

Ø-m-]-\-§-f-p-sS I-o-g-n-e-m-W-v. C-h-

¡-m-h-i-y-a-m-b A-S-n-Ø-m-\ ku-I-c-y-

§-sf-m-c-p-¡-e-m-W-v Ø-m-]-\-§-f-p-sS

{]-[-m-\ I-S-a. \-n-c-´-c sN-e-h-p-IÄ

A-X-X-v h-I-p-¸-p-IÄ (B-tc-m-K-y-w,

I-r-j-n a-p -X-e-m-b-h) h-l-n-¡-p-w.

h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k ta-J-e-b-n-e-p-w C-X-p-

X-s¶-b-m-W-h-Ø. k-m-a-q -l-n -I

t£-a ]-²-X-n-IÄ \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-m³

]-©-m-b-¯-p-IÄ-¡-m-W-[-n-I-m-c-w.

\-K-c(J-c) a-m-e-n-\-y k-w-k-v-I-c-W-w

X-t±-i Ø-m-]-\-§-f-p-sS {]-[-m-\

I-S-a-I-f-n -se-m-¶-m-W-v. sN-d-p-I-n -S

sh-Å-]-²-X-n-IÄ \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-m³

Ø-m-]-\-§Ä-¡-[-n -I-m-c-a-p -|-v.

C-h-n-sS-b-p-w X-p-SÀ-s¨-e-h-p-IÄ

h-l-n-¡-m³ C-hÀ-¡-v I-g-n-b-n-Ã.

td-m-U-p-IÄ, sX-c-p-h-v h-n-f-¡-p-

IÄ, ̀ -h-\ \-nÀ-a-m-W-w, i-p-N-n-

Xz-w, A-w-K³-h-m-S-n X-p-S-§-n-b

i-n -i-p -t£-a ]-²-X-n -IÄ


a-p-X-e-m-b-h-sb-Ã-m-w X-t±-i Ø-m-]-

\-§-f-p-sS N-p-a-X-e-b-n-e-m-W-v.

H-ä t\-m-«-¯-nÂ X-oÀ-¯-p-w I-p-

ä-a-ä-X-p-w P-\-I-o-b-h-p-a-m-b Hcp kw-

hn-[m-\-am-Wv C-hn-sS hn-̀ m-h-\w sN-

bv-Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xv. ]-mÀ-e-saâ-v, \-n-b-

a-k-̀ a-p-X-e-m-b-h-I-f-nÂ-\-n-¶-v h-y-X-y-

k-v-X-a-m-b-n tI-h-e-w I-£-n-a-p-¶-W-n

_-Ô-¯-n-sâ A-S-n-Ø-m-\-¯-n-e-Ã

X-t±-i k-̀ -IÄ {]-hÀ-̄ -n-t¡-|-X-v.

A-h-n-sS `-c-W {]-X-n-]-£-§-f-n-Ã.

Ì-mâ-n-w-K-v I-½-n-ä-n-I-f-m-W-v `-c-W-w

\-S-¯-p-¶-X-v. F-Ã-m A-w-K-§-f-p-w

G-sX-¦-n-e-p-w Ì-mâ-n-w-K-v I-½-n-ä-n-b-nÂ

A-w-K-§-f-m-I-p-¶-p.

{]-tb-m-P-\-§ÄA[n-Im-c -hn -tI-{µo-Ic-Ww

sIm- p-Å {]-tbm-P-\-§Ä \n-c-h-[n-

bmWv. P-\-§-sf `-c-W-I-m-c-y-§-

f-nÂ k-l-I-c-n-̧ -n-¡-p-I-b-p-w A-hÀ-¡-v

]-¦-m-f-n-¯-w \-e-v-I-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-

X-n-e-q-sS P-\-X-m-X-v-]-c-y-w a-p³-\-nÀ-̄ -n

]-e \-Ã I-m-c-y-§-f-p-w \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-p-

¶-X-n-\-v I-g-n-b-p-¶-p. h-n-h-n-[ {]-tZ-

i-§-f-n-se h-y-X-y-k-v-X k-m-l-N-c-y-

§Ä I-W-¡-n-se-S-p-¯-v P-\-l-n-X-m-

\-p-k-c-W-w `-c-W-w \-S-¯-p-h-m-\-p-w

h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-c-W-w B-h-i-y-a-m-W-v.

P-\-§Ä-¡-v c-m-{ã-o-b I-m-c-y-§-f-nÂ

]-c-n-i-o-e-\-w t\-S-p-h-m-\-p-w ]-s¦-S-p-

¡-p-h-m-\-p-w h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-c-W-w a-q-e-w

A-h-k-c-w e-`-n-¡-p-¶-p. k-m-t¦-X-n-

I-h-p-w i-m-k-v-{X-o-b-h-p-a-m-b A-d-n-h-v

{]-tX-y-I-n-¨-v `-c-W-\-nÀ-h-l-W-]-c-

a-m-b h-n-h-n-[ X-p-d-I-f-n-te-¡-p h-y-m-

]-n-¸-n-¡-p-h-m-\-p-w h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-c-W-w

k-l-m-b-n-¡-p-¶-p-|-v. `-c-W-¯-nÂ

th-|-{X A-b-h-p (Flexibiltiy) h-c-p-

¯-p-h-m-\-p-w C-X-p-]-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.

� {]-m-tZ-i-n -I-m-k-q-{X-W-t¯-b-p-w

A-X- n -e - q -sS -b - p -f -f P-\ -I -o -b

]-¦-m-f-n-¯-t¯-b-p-w A-[-n-I-m-c

h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-c-W-̄ -n-\-p-f-f D-]-m-[-n-

b-m-¡-n a-m-ä-m³ I-g-n-ª-p.

� P-\-I-o-b ]-¦-m-f-n-¯-w b-m-Y-mÀ-

°-y-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w F-Ã-m h-n-`-m-

K-w P-\-§Ä-¡-p-w h-n-I-k-\-m-k-q-

{X-W-¯-nÂ C-S-s]-S-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w

k-l-m-b-I-a-m-b ]-¦-m-f-n-¯ th-

Z-n-I-f-p-w k-w-L-S-\-m k-w-h-n-[-m-

\-§-f-p-w b-m-Y-mÀ-°-y-a-m-¡-m³

I-g-n-ª-p.

� `-c-W-L-S-\-m \-n-b-a-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w

k-w-Ø-m-\ ]-©-m-b-¯-v-\-K-c-]-m-e-n-I-m \-n-b-a-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w A-´-k-¯-b-v-

¡-\-p-k-r-X-a-m-b-n {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-p-¶ {]-m-tZ-i-n-I `-c-W k-w-h-n-[-m-

\-§-sf k-r-ã-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-ª-p.

� {]-m-tZ-i-n-I ̀ -c-W Ø-m-]-\-§-sf P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-]-c-a-m-b-n {]-hÀ-̄ -n-¡-p-¶-X-n-

\-v k-l-m-b-I-a-m-b h-n-I-k-\ ̀ -c-W k-w-k-v-I-m-c-w c-q-]-s -̧S-p-̄ -m³ I-g-n-ª-p.

� {]-m-tZ-i-n-I k-m-¼-¯-n-I h-n-I-k-\-¯-\-n-\-p-w tI-c-f-¯-n-sâ s]-m-X-p-h-m-b

k-m-a-q-l-y-k-m-¼-¯-n-I h-n-I-k-\-¯-n-\-p-w k-l-m-b-I-a-m-b h-n-[-¯-nÂ h-n-

I-k-\ \-b-§Ä-¡-v c-q-]-w \Â-I-p-¶-X-n-\-v X-t±-i-kz-b-w-`-c-W Ø-m-]-\-

§-stf {]-m-]-v-X-a-m-¡-m³ I-g-n-ª-p.

� ]-m-h-s¸-« P-\-§-f-p-sS P-o-h-n-X K-p-W-\-n-e-h-m-c-w sa-¨-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w

a-m-\-h h-n-I-k-\-¯-n-\-p-w k-l-m-b-a-m-I-p-w h-n-[-w hÀ-²-n-¨ s]-m-X-p-\-n-t£-

]-w B-tc-m-K-y-h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k -i-n-i-p h-n-I-k-\ ta-J-e-I-f-nÂ D-d-¸-m-¡-m³

I-g-n-ª-p.

�k-v-{X-o-I-tf-b-p-w k-m-a-q-l-y-a-m-b-n ]-n-t¶-m-¡-w \Â-I-p-¶ P-\-h-n-`-m-K-§-sf-

b-p-w h-n-I-k-\ `-c-W-¯-n-e-p-w s]-m-X-p P-o-h-n-X a-Þ-e-§-f-n-e-p-w C-S-s]-S-p-

¶-X-n-\-p-w h-n-I-k-\ \-b-c-q-]-o-I-c-W-¯-nÂ kz-m-[-o-\-w sN-e-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w

{]-m-]-v-X-a-m-¡-m³ I-g-n-ª-p.

�k-m-[-m-c-W P-\-§Ä-¡-v sa-¨-s¸-« A-S-n-Ø-m-\ P-o-h-n-X sku-I-c-y-§Ä

tI-{µ-X-e-¯nÂ sI-«n-¡n-S-t¡-|n-h-cp-¶ ^-b-ep-I-fp-sS F-®w K-Wy-am-bn Ip-d-bv-¡m-\pw Xo-cp-am-\-§Ä F-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-ep-Å Im-e-Xm-a-kw H-gn-hm-¡m-\pw hn-tI-{µo-I-c-W-̄ n-eq-sS km-[n-¡p-¶p. P-\-§-sf `-c-W-Im-cy-§-fnÂ k-l-I-cn-¸n-¡p-I-bpw A-hÀ-¡v ]-¦m-fn-¯w \-ev-Ip-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶-Xn-eq-sS P-\-Xm-Xv-]-cyw ap³-\nÀ-¯n ]-e \-Ã Im-cy-§-fpw \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-Xn-\v I-gn-bp-¶p.


D-Z-m. ]-mÀ-¸-n-S-w, I-p-S-n-sh-f-f-w, i-p-

N-n-Xz-k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§Ä, K-X-m-K-X

ku-I-c-y-§Ä F-¶-n-h {]-m-]-y-a-m-

¡-p-¶-n-\-v I-g-n-ª-p.

� {]-m-tZ-i-n-I `-c-W k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-

tf-m-S-v P-\-§Ä-¡-p-f-f h-n-iz-m-k-y-

X-b-p-w a-X-n-¸-p-w hÀ-²-n-¸-n-¡-m³

I-g-n-ª-p

� P-\-§-tf-m-S-v D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-Xz-s¸-«-v

{]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶ D-tZ-y-m-Ø k-w-

h-n-[-m-\-s¯ X-t±-i-kz-b-w-`-c-W

Ø-m-]-\-§-f-nÂ k-r-ã-n-¡-p-¶-n-

\-p-w I-q-S-p-XÂ P-\-sku-l-r-Z-]-c-

a-m-b h-n-I-k-\ ̀ -c-W k-w-k-v-I-m-c-w

h-fÀ-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w I-g-n-ª-p.

tIc-f-¯nÂ A-[nIm-c hn-tI-

{µo-I-c-W-{]-{In-b hf-sc ^-e-{]-

Z-am-sW-¦nepw Nn-e km-t¦Xn-I

{]-iv-\-§Ä C-Xn-sâ ]qÀ-® AÀ-

°-¯n-ep-Å \-S-¯n-¸n-\v hn-Lm-X-

am-b-Xm-bn \-ap-¡v a\-Ên-em-¡m-hp-

¶-XmWv. H-«-\-h-[-n A-[-n-I-m-c-§-

f-p-w k-¼-̄ -p-w H-ä-b-S-n-¡-v ssI-a-m-ä-w

sN-b-v-X-t¸-mÄ A-X-p ssI-I-m-c-y-w

sN-¿-m³ th-| ti-j-n X-m-sg-¯-

«-n -e-p -Å-hÀ-¡-v D-|-m-b-n -c-p -¶-n -Ã.

kÀ-¡-m-d-n-sâ h-n-h-n-[ h-I-p-¸-p-I-

f-p-sS H-m-^-o-k-p-IÄ (I-r-j-n, a-r-K-

k-w-c-£-W-w, k-m-a-q-l-n-I t£-a-w

a-p-X-e-m-b-h) ]-©-m-b-¯-p-IÄ-¡-p

I-o-g-n-e-m-¡-n-sb-¦-n-e-p-w C-h-c-p-sS Ì-m-

^-n-sâ `-c-W-]-c-a-m-b \-n-b-{´-W-w

A-X-X-v h-I-p-¸-p-IÄ-¡-p-X-s¶-b-m-

b-n-c-p-¶-p (I-r-j-n H-m-^-o-kÀ I-r-j-n

h-I-p-¸-n-t\-m-S-p-w k-v-I-q-f-n-se A-[-y-m-

]-IÀ h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k h-I-p-¸-n-t\-m-S-p-w

{]-m-Y-a-n -I-m-tc-m-K-y tI-{µ-¯-n-se

tU-m-Î-d-p-w a-ä-p-w B-tc-m-K-y h-I-p-

¸-n-t\-m-S-p-sa-Ã-m-w _-Ô-s¸-«-m-W-v

{]-hÀ-¯-n-¨-X-v). a-p-s¼-m-c-n-¡-e-p-w

]-©-m-b-¯-p-IÄ ssI-I-m-c-y-w sN-

b-v -X-n-«-n -Ã-m-¯-h-n-[-w k-m-t¦-X-n-I

k-¦-oÀ-W-X-b-p-Å {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä

\-S-¯-m³ th-| F-©-n-\-o-b-d-n-w-K-v

h-n-`-m-K-h-p-w D-|-m-b-n-c-p-¶-n-Ã. s]-m-

X-p-a-c-m-a-¯-v X-p-S-§-n-b h-I-¸-p-I-

f-n -se F-©-n-\-o-bÀ-a-m-sc X-s¶

C-X-n-\-m-b-n B-{i-b-n-t¡-|-n-h-¶-p.

^-e-¯-nÂ h-n-I-k-\ ]-²-X-n-IÄ

\-S-¸-n -e-m-¡-p-¶-X-v ]-©-m-b-¯-m-

sW-¦-n-e-p-w A-X-n-sâ N-n-«-h-«-§Ä

]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-p-w kÀ-¡-mÀ h-I-p-¸-p-I-

f-p-tS-X-p-X-s¶-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. C-hÀ-¡-p

taÂ ]-©-m-b-̄ -p-IÄ-¡-v I-m-c-y-a-m-b

\-n-b-{´-W-h-p-a-n-Ã-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. Ch

sbÃmw B-Zy -Ime-¯v ]²-Xn

\nÀ --h --lW-s¯ _m-[n-¨n-cp¶p.

H-¶-c-]-X-n-ä-m-|-n-sâ A-\-p-`-h-

§-f-p-a-m-b-m-W-v tI-c-f-¯-n-se X-t±-

i-`-c-W Ø-m-]-\-§Ä \-m-e-m-w X-e-

a-p-d-b-nÂ-s¸-« P-\-{]-X-n-\-n-[-n-I-sf

hcth-än-cn-¡p-¶-Xv 2015 H-tÎm-_À

amkw \-S-¶ sX-c-sª-S-p-¸-neqsS

]-p-X-n-sb-m-c-p \-n-c P-\-{]-X-n-\-n-[-n-IÄ

A-[-n-I-m-c-taäncn-¡p¶p. A-X-nÂ

_-l-p-`-q-c-n-]-£-h-p-w k-v-{X-o-I-f-m-W-v

F-¶-X-v G-sd k-h-n-ti-j-X AÀ-

l-n-¡-p-¶-p. c-m-{ã-o-b A-[-n-I-m-c

Ø-m-\-§-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w k-m-a-q-l-y-P-o-

h-n-X a-Þ-e-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w A-I-ä-n

\-nÀ-¯-p-I-b-p-w h-n-I-k-\ t\-«-§Ä

AÀ-l-a-m-b A-f-h-nÂ e-`-n-¡-m-X-n-

c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X h-e-n-sb-m-c-p

h-n -`-m-K-w P-\-§Ä-¡-v h-n -I-k-\

`-c-W-¯-n-sâ t\-X-r-Xz-¯-n-te-¡-v

I-S-¶-p h-c-p-¶-X-n-\-p-f-f h-e-n-sb-m-c-

h-k-c-w A-[-n-I-m-c h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-c-W-w

k-r-ã-n-¡-p-¶-p. tI-c-f-w H-c-n-¡Â

I-q-S-n k-v-{X-o-i-m-à-o-I-c-W-¯-n-\-p-w

k-v-{X-o-\--o-X-n-b-n-e-[-n-j-vT-n-X-a-m-b h-n-

I-k-\ `-c-W-¯-n-\-p-w C-X-n-e-q-sS

a-m-X-r-I-b-m-h-p-I-b-m-W-v. I-m-c-y-{]-m-

]-v-X-n-b-p-w `-c-W-ss\-]-p-W-y-h-p-a-p-f-f

]-p-X-n-sb-m-c-p \-n-c h-\-n-X-m P-\-{]-X-n-

\-n-[-n-IÄ-¡-v c-m-{ã-o-b t\-X-r-Xz-̄ -n-

te-¡-v D-b-c-p-¶-X-n-\-p-f-f A-h-k-c-w

I-q-S-n-b-m-W-n-X-v. C-´-y³ P-\-m-[-n-]-

X-y-¯-n-\-v X-s¶ ]-p-X-n-b ]-mT-§Ä

k-w-`-m-h-\ sN-¿-m³ {]-m-tZ-i-n-I

-̀c-W t\-X-r-Xz-̄ -n-e-q-sS k-v-{X-IÄ-

¡-v I-g-n-b-p-sa-¶-p-d-¸-m-W-v. A-[-n-I-m-c

h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-c-W-w I-q-S-p-XÂ ^-e-{]-

Z-a-m-¡-n a-m-ä-p-¶-X-n-e-q-sS-b-p-w I-m-c-y-

£-a-a-m-b-p-w P-\-t£-a-I-c-a-m-b-p-w

{]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶ {]-m-tZ-i-n-I `-c-W

Ø-m-]-\-§Ä k-r-ã-n-¨-p-sI-m-|-p-w

a-m-{X-ta ]-p-X-n-b sh-Ã-p-h-n-f-n-IÄ

G-sä-S-p-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-p-I-b-p-f-f-q.

{]-m-tZ-i-n-I `-c-W Ø-m-]-\-§-

sf I-q-S-p-XÂ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-]-c-a-m-b-n

]-c-n-hÀ-¯-\-s¸-S-p-¯-p-I F-¶-X-m-

W-v A-[-n-I-m-c h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-c-W-w

i-à-n-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-p-f-f a-p-J-y-

a-m-b D-]-m-[-n. P-\-§-sf h-n-I-k-\

`-c-W-¯-nÂ k-m-[-y-a-m-b F-Ã-m ta-

J-e-I-f-n-e-p-w ]-¦-m-f-n-I-f-m-¡-p-I-b-p-w

N-S-p-e-a-m-b C-S-s]-S-e-n-\-p-f-f ti-j-n-

b-n-te-¡-v P-\-§-sf D-bÀ-¯-p-I-b-p-w

th-W-w. {]-m-tZ-i-n-I ̀ -c-W Ø-m-]-\-

§Ä-¡-v {I-n-b-m-ß-I-a-m-b ]-n-´-p-W

\Â-I-p-¶ k-n-h-nÂ k-a-q-l-s¯ k-r-

ã-n-¡-p-I F-¶-X-p-w G-sd k-p-{]-[-m-

\-a-m-W-v. P-\-§-f-n-e-p-f-f h-n-iz-m-k-y-X

{]-m-tZ-i-n-I `-c-W-m-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-f-p-w

{]-m-tZ-i-n-I ̀ -c-W-m-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-f-n-e-p-Å

h-n-iz-m-k-y-X P-\-§-f-n-e-p-w D-|-m-

I-p-t¼-m-g-m-W-v `-c-W-m-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-f-p-w

P-\-§-f-p-w X-½-n-e-p-Å A-I-e-w I-p-

d-b-v-¡-p-I-tb-m C-Ã-m-X-m-¡-p-I-tb-m

sN-¿-p-¶-X-v. P-\-§-f-p-w {]-m-tZ-i-n-I

`-c-W k-w-h-n-[-m-\-h-p-w X-½-n-e-p-f-f

kÀ-¤-m -ß-I-a-m -b C-¯-c-sa-m -c-p

_-Ô-a-m-W-v A-[-n-I-m-c h-n-tI-{µ-o-


I-c-W-¯-n-sâ h-n-P-b-h-p-w. ]-p-X-n-b

P-\-{]-X-n-\-n-[-n-IÄ G-sd {i-²-n-t¡-

|-X-p-w {]-m-tZ-i-n-I P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-̄ -n-

sâ A-S-n-̄ -d i-à-n-s -̧S-p-̄ -p-¶-X-n-

\-p-w I-q-S-p-XÂ h-n-]-p-e-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-

X-n-\-p-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-W-w.

A-[-n -I-m-c-h-n -tI-{µ-o-I-c-W-w

h-f-sc {]-[-m-\-s¸-« H-c-p c-m-j-v-{S-o-b

{]-{I-n-b-b-m-W-v-. A-X-p-sI-m-|-p-X-s¶

A-X-n-sâ {]-X-n-k-Ô-n-IÄ ]-c-n-l-c-n-

¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w, `-m-h-n ]-c-n-]-m-S-n-IÄ

c-q-]-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w th-| NÀ-

¨-IÄ B-Z-y-w \-S-t¡-|-X-v- c-m-j-v-

{S-o-b-X-e-¯-nÂ X-s¶-b-m-W-v-. P-\-

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\-S-t¯|- -XmWv.

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P-\-m-[-n -]-X-y-¯-n-sâ i-à-n-

b-m-W-v A-[-n-I-m-c-h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-c-Ww.

AXnÂ h-n-I-k-\-¯-n-sâ i-à-n i-n-

e-]-m-I-p-¶-X-pw {K-m-a-k`-I-f-n-e-m-W-v.

A-[-n-I-m-c-h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-c-W-¯-n-sâ

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a-k-`-I-f-nÂ ]-s¦-S-p-¡-m-\-p-f--f a-\-

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A‑¡u|‑ âm‑Wv teJnI

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sa-¶-v h-y-h-Ø sN-¿-p-¶ 2008se

tI-c-f h-n-h-m-l c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³(s]-m-

X-p) N-«-§Ä 29.02.2008Â tI-c-f-w

{]-m-_-e-y-¯-n-Â h-c-p-¯-n-b-X-v.

2008se tI-c-f h-n-h-m-l- c-P-n-k-v-

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b-v -X--tX-m-S-p-I-q-S-n {]-m-_-e-y-¯-n-Â

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h-n-h-m-l-§Ä N-p-h-sS tNÀ-¯-n-c-n-

¡-p-¶-h-b-m-W-v.

(1) 1954se {]-tX-y-I h-n-h-m-l \-n-b-

a-w.

(2) 1872se I-r-k-v-X-y³ h-n-h-m-l-\-n-

b-a-w-þ-]-f-f-n-b-n-Â {I-a-{]-I-m-c-w

\-S-¯-n-b-n-«-p-f-f h-n-h-m-l-§Ä.

(3) 1095se sI-m-¨-n {I-n-k-v-X-y³ k-n-

h-n-Â h-n-h-m-l \-n-b-a-w.

i-c-n-b-¯-v \-n-b-a {]-I-m-c-a-p-f-f

a-p-É-o-w h-n-h-m-l-§Ä 2008se tI-c-f

h-n-h-m-l c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³ (s]-m-X-p)

N-«-§Ä {]-I-m-c-w c-P-n-k-v-{S-m-¡-W-w.

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B-{i-b tb-m-K-y-a-m-b H-c-p s]-m-X-p

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h-m-l \-n-b-a-h-p-w {]-tX-y-I h-n-h-m-l

\-n-b-a-a-m-W-v.

2008se tI-c-f h-n-h-m-l c-P-n-k-v-

t{S-j³ (s]-m-X-p) N-«-§Ä h-¶-X-n-

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µ-p h-n-h-m-l-§Ä c-P-n-ÌÀ sN-¿-m-w.

kÀ-¡-m-d-n -sâ 21.05.2009se

3186/C2/09 \-n-b-a-w \-¼À kÀ-¡-p-

e-d-n-e-q-sS 1955se l-n-µ-p-h-n-h-m-l

B-I-v-S-p-w A-X-n³ I-o-g-n-e-p-f-f N-«-

§Ä {]-I-m-c-h-p-w c-P-n-ÌÀ sN-¿-p-¶-

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B-I-v-S-n-se h-y-h-Ø-IÄ A-\-p-k-

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A-\-p-k-r-X-a-Ã. A-X-n-\-m-Â k-w-

Ø-m-\-¯-v l-n-µ-p h-n-h-m-l B-I-v-S-v

{]-I-m-c-w \-S-¡-p-¶ h-n-h-m-l-§-sf

k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-v 2008se tI-c-f h-n-h-m-

l-§Ä c-P-n-ÌÀ sN-¿-Â(s]-m-X-p)

N-«-§Ä A-\-p-k-c-n-¨-p-f-f sa-t½-m-

d-m-|-w k-aÀ-̧ -n-¡-p-¶ k-w-K-X-n-b-n-Â

{]-k-v-X-p-X N-«-§Ä A-\-p-k-c-n-¨-p

X-s¶ h-n-h-m-l-§Ä c-P-n-ÌÀ sN-b-v-

X-v kÀ-«-n-^-n-¡-ä-v \-Â-tI-|-X-m-sW-

¶-v h-y-à-a-m-¡-p-¶-p-|-v.

a-n-{i h-n-h-m-l c-P-n-k-v -t{S-j³ þ-h-y-X-y -k-v -X a-X-h-n-`-m-K-§-f-n-Â-s¸-«-hÀ X-½-n-e-p-f-f h-n-h-m-l c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³ \-nÀ-tZ-i-§Ä.

kÀ-¡-m-d-n-sâ 28.02.2011 se

63882/BÀ-k-n3/2010 X-kz-̀ -h \-¼À

kÀ-¡-p-eÀ {]-I-m-c-w h-y-X-y-k-v -X

a-X-h-n-`-m-K-¯-n-e-p-f-f-hÀ X-½-n-e-p-f-f

h-n-h-m-l-w c-P-n-ÌÀ sN-t¿-|-X-v.1954

se k-v-s]-j-y-Â a-m-tc-y-P-v B-I-v-S-n³

I-o-g-n-e-m-W-v. A-{]-I-m-c-a-p-f-f h-n-h-m-

l-§Ä c-P-n-ÌÀ sN-¿-Â (s]-m-X-p)

N-«-§Ä-¡-v I-o-g-n-Â c-P-n-ÌÀ sN-

¿-p-¶-X-v \-n-b-a-m-\-p-k-r-X-a-Ã-m-sb-¶-v

\-n-j-v-IÀ-j-n-¨-n-«-p-|-v.

hn-hm-l c-Pn-kv-t{S-j³

kptZ-\³ F-kv. `mKw 3

I

kn-hn-Â c-Pn-kv-t{S-j³


h-n-tZ-i-n-I-f-p-w C-´-y³ ]u-c-

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l-n-X-c-m-tI-| I-£-n-I-f-n-Â H-c-m-sf-

¦-n-e-p-w C-´-y³ ]u-c-\-m-sW-¦-n-Â

A-h-c-p-sS h-n-h-m-l-w h-n-tZ-i-¯-v

h-̈ -v 1969se h-n-tZ-i h-n-h-m-l \-n-b-a

{]-I-m-c-w tI-{µ-kÀ-¡-m-c-n-\-m-Â \-n-b-

a-n-X-c-m-b h-n-h-m-l D-tZ-y-K-Ø³-

a-mÀ a-p-¼-m-sI \-S-¯-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

h-n-tZ-i-¯-p-f-f C-´-y-¡-mÀ-¡-p-w,

C-´-y-b-n -e-p -f-f C-´-y-¡-mÀ-¡-p-w

h-n-tZ-i-n-I-f-p-a-m-b-n C-´-y-b-n-Â h-¨-v

h-n-h-m-l-n-X-c-m-I-p-h-m³ h-n-tZ-i c-m-j-v-

{S-§-f-p-sS \-b-X-{´ I-m-c-y-m-e-b-§-

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B-I-p-¶-X-Ã-m-sb-¶-v _-l-p-a-m-\-s -̧«

ssl-t¡-m-S-X-n-b-p-sS 01.04.1992Â

1992(1)K-LT 729 \-¼-c-m-b-n {]-J-y-m-

¸-n-¨ h-n-[-n \-y-m-b-¯-n-Â I-m-W-p-¶-p.

F-¶-m-Â Z-¼-X-n-I-sf-t -̧m-se h-f-sc-

¡-m-e-w H-¶-n-¨-p P-o-h-n-¡-p-¶-hÀ h-n-

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\-n-e-h-n-e-p-|-v.

s]-m-X-p h-n-h-m-l c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³ \-n-_-Ô-\-IÄ

2008 se tI-c-f h-n-h-m-l-§Ä

c-P-n-ÌÀ sN-¿-Â (s]-m-X-p) N-«-§Ä

\-n-e-h-n-Â-h-¶ 29.02.2008 a-p-X-Â

\-S-¡-p-¶ F-Ã-m h-n-h-m-l-§-f-p-w \-nÀ-

º-Ô-a-m-b-p-w I-£-n-I-f-p-sS a-X-t`-Z-

sa-s\-y h-n-h-m-l-w \-S-¶ Ø-e-s¯

c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³ b-q-W-n-ä-n-Â h-n-h-m-l-w

\-S-¶ X-o-b-X-n a-p-X-Â 45 Z-n-h-k-

§Ä-¡-I-w N-«-{]-I-m-c-a-p-Å ^-m-d-w

\-¼À 1þ-Â c-|-v sk-ä-v sa-t½-m-d-m-

|-w k-aÀ-¸-n-t¡-|-X-m-W-v.

N-«-§Ä \-n-e-h-n-Â h-¶-X-n-\-p

a-p-¼-p \-S-¶ h-n-h-m-l-§-f-p-w B-h-

i-y-sa-¦-n-Â c-P-n-k-v-{S-mÀ P-\-d-e-n-sâ

(]-©-m-b-̄ -v sU-]-y-q-«-n U-b-d-I-v-SÀ)

A-\-p-a-X-n-tb-m-sS c-P-n-ÌÀ sN-¿-m-h-p-

¶-X-m-W-v.

27.06.2013 h-sc \-S-¶ F-Ã-m

h-n-h-m-l-§-f-p-w {]-m-b ]-c-n-[-n ]-c-n-

K-W-n-¡-m-sX c-P-n-k-v-äÀ sN-¿-m-h-p-

¶-X-m-sW-¶-v 27.06.2013se 41832/

BÀ.U-n.3/2013/X-kz-`-h \-¼À

kÀ-¡-mÀ kÀ-¡-p-e-d-n-Â h-y-à-a-m-

¡-n-b-n-«-p-Å-X-n-\-m-Â B-b-X-v {]-I-m-

c-w \-S-]-S-n kz-o-I-c-n-¡-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

` -m -c -y -m -`À -¯-m -¡³-a -m -c - n -Â

H-c-mÄ a-c-W-s¸-«-p-t]-m-b k-w-K-X-n-

b-n-Â P-o-h-n-̈ -n-c-n-¡-p-¶-b-mÄ h-n-h-m-l-

¯-n-\-v k-m-£-y-w h-l-n-¨ c-|-m-f-p-I-

f-p-sS H-t -̧m-S-p-I-q-S-n-b sa-t½-m-d-m-|-w,

h-n-h-m-l-w \-S-¶-X-n-\-p-Å sX-f-n-h-p-w

]-¦-m-f-n-b-p-sS a-c-W kÀ-«-n-^-n-¡-ä-p-w

k-l-n-X-w l-m-P-c-m-¡-p-¶ ]-£-w h-n-

h-m-l-w c-P-n-ÌÀ sN-¿-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

h-n-h-m-l c-P-n-k-v -t{S-j-\-m-b-n

sa-t½-m-d-m-|-t¯-m-sS-m-¸-w h-n-h-m-l-

¯-n-se I-£-n-I-f-p-sS P-\-\-X-o-b-X-n

sX-f-n-b-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-Å A-w-K-o-I-r-X

tc-J-I-f-p-w h-n-h-m-l-w \-S-¶-X-n-\-p-Å

sX-f-n-h-p-w k-aÀ-¸-n-t¡-|-X-m-W-v.

c-|-m-w h-n-h-m-l-a-m-sW-¦-n-Â ]-¦-m-f-n-

b-p-sS B-Z-y-h-n-h-m-l-w thÀ-s]-«-X-n-

sâ sX-f-n-h-n-\-m-b-n ]-¦-m-f-n-b-p-sS

a-c-W kÀ-«-n-^-n-¡-ä-v/h-n-h-m-l-ta-m-N-

\-w A-\-p-h-Z-n-¨ tI-m-S-X-n D-¯-c-h-v

k-aÀ-¸-n-t¡-|-X-m-W-v. C-É-m-w a-X-m-

N-m-c-{]-I-m-c-a-p-Å h-n-h-m-l-§Ä-¡-v,

a-p-l-½-Z³ \-n-b-a-w A-\-p-i-m-k-n-

¡-p-¶ \-n-_-Ô-\-IÄ ]-m-e-n-¨ h-n-

h-m-l-w c-P-n-ÌÀ sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-v \-S-]-

S-n-IÄ kz-o-I-c-n-t¡-|-X-m-W-v. a-p-É-n-w

h-n-h-m-l-§-f-p-sS ta-m-N-\-w k-w-_-

Ô-n-¨-v a-p-l-½-Z³ \-n-b-a-w A-\-p-i-m-

k-n-¡-p-¶ G-sX-¦-n-e-p-w h-n-[-¯-n-Â

`À-¯-m-h-v `-m-c-y-sb sa-m-g-n sN-m-Ã-n

F-¶-p I-m-W-n-¡-p-¶ P-a-m-þ-A-¯-n-Â

\-n-¶-p-Å I-t¯-m ̀ À-¯-m-h-p-w ̀ -m-c-y-

b-p-w X-½-n-Â ]-c-k-v-]-c [-m-c-W-b-n-e-p-

|-m-b I-c-m-d-n-sâ A-S-n-Ø-m-\-̄ -n-Â

t\-S-p-¶ h-n-h-m-l ta-m-N-\ tc-J-b-p-

sS ]-IÀ-t¸-m A-sÃ-¦-n-Â tI-m-S-X-n-

b-n-Â \-n-¶-p-Å h-n-h-m-l ta-m-N-\

D-¯-c-th-m l-m-P-c-m-¡-n-b-m-Â a-X-n-

b-m-I-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

h-n-h-m-l-w \-S-¶-X-n-\-p-Å sX-

f-n-h-m-b-n a-X-m-N-m-c {]-I-m-c-a-p-Å

h-n-h-m-l-§Ä-¡-v a-X-m-[-n-I-m-c-Ø-m-

\-w \-Â-I-p-¶ k-m-£-y-]-{X-¯-n-sâ

]-IÀ-¸-v am{X-sa kzo-I-cn-¡m-hq

F-¶v kÀ-¡m-cn -sâ k-D(A-¨-

hn-hm-l c-Pn-kv-t{S-j-\m-bn sa-t½m-dm-|-t¯m-sSm-¸w hn-hm-l-¯n-se I-£n-I-fp-sS P-\-\-Xo-b-Xn sX-fn-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å Aw-Ko-Ir-X tc-J-I-fpw hn-hm-lw \-S-¶-Xn-\p-Å sX-fn-hpw k-aÀ-¸n-t¡-|-Xm-Wv. c-|mw hn-hm-l-am-sW-¦n-Â ]-¦m-fn-bp-sS B-Zy-hn-hm-lw thÀ-s]-«-Xn-sâ sX-fn-hn-\m-bn ]-¦m-fn-bp-sS a-c-W kÀ-«n-̂ n-¡-äv/hn-hm-l-tam-N-\w A-\p-h-Zn-¨ tIm-S-Xn D-¯-c-hv k-aÀ-¸n-t¡-|-Xm-Wv.


u

hn-hm-l-¯n-se I-£n-IÄ c-Pn-kv-{SmÀ ap-¼m-sI t\-cn-«v lm-P-cm-bn hn-hm-l c-Pn-Ì-dn-Â \nÀ-±n-jv-S Øm-\-¯v H-¸p-h-bv-t¡-|-Xm-Wv. F-¶m-Â C-cp-I-£n-I-fpw H-tc k-a-bw X-s¶ lm-P-cm-I-W-sa-¶v \nÀ-º-Ô-an-Ã.

Sn-¨Xv) \w 2/2015/\nb-aw F-¶

hn-Úm-]-\-¯nÂ \n-jv-¡À-jn-¨n-

«p| v. Iq-SmsX G-sX-¦-n-e-p-w Ì-m-

ä-y-q-«-d-n h-y-h-Ø {]-I-m-c-w \-S-¶

h-n-h-m-l-§Ä-¡-v h-n-h-m-l H-m-̂ -o-kÀ

\-Â-I-p-¶ k-m-£-y-]-{X-h-p-w sX-f-n-

h-m-b-n kz-o-I-c-n-t¡-|-X-m-W-v.

P-\-\-X-o-b-X-n sX-f-n -b-n -¡-p -

¶-X-n-\-v k-v-I-qÄ-tc-J, ss{U-h-n-w-K-v

sse-k³-k-v, ]-m-k-v-t]-mÀ-«-v, P-\-\

kÀ-«-n-^-n-¡-ä-v, B-[-mÀ A-sÃ-¦-n-Â

kÀ-¡-mÀ \-Â-I-n-b P-\-\-X-o-b-X-n

I-m-W-n-¡-p-¶ a-ä-p tc-J-IÄ F-¶-n-h

kz-o-I-c-n-¡-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

t^-m-d-w 1þ-Â D-Å sa-t½-m-

d-m-|-h-p-w c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³ ^-o-k-p-w

e-`-n-¨-m-Â t\-c-n-t«-m, X-]-m-Â a-p-tJ-

\-tb-m e-`-n-¡-p-¶-h U-m-ä-m F³-{S-n

\-S-t¯-|-X-p-w H-m¬-sse-\-m-b-n

e-`-n-¡-p-¶-h Uu¬-te-m-U-v sN-t¿-

|-X-p-a-m-W-v. sa-t½-m-d-m-|-¯-n-sâ

{]-nâu-«-v A-t]-£À-¡-v ]-c-n-ti-m-[-

\-b-v-¡-m-b-n \-Â-I-n H-¸-n-«-p-h-m-t§-

|-X-p-w B-h-i-y-sa-¦-n-Â X-n-c-p-¯-Â

h-c-p-¯-n-b ti-j-w t^-m-d-w \-¼À

3þ-Â c-P-n-Ì-d-n-sâ {]-nâu-«-v F-S-p-t¡-

|-X-p-a-m-W-v.

h-n-h-m-l-¯-n-se I-£-n-IÄ c-P-n-

k-v-{S-mÀ a-p-¼-m-sI t\-c-n-«-v l-m-P-c-m-b-n

h-n-h-m-l c-P-n-Ì-d-n-Â \-nÀ-±-n-j-v-S Ø-m-

\-̄ -v H-̧ -p-h-b-v-t¡-|-X-m-W-v. F-¶-m-Â

C-c-p-I-£-n-I-f-p-w H-tc k-a-b-w X-s¶

l-m-P-c-m-I-W-sa-¶-v \-nÀ-º-Ô-a-n-Ã.

C-{]-I-m-c-w I-£-n-IÄ H-̧ -p-h-̈ ti-j-w

X-t±-i c-P-n-k-v-{S-mÀ A-w-K-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶

a-p-d-b-v-¡-v a-m-{X-ta c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³

\-S-̄ -n-b-X-m-b-n I-W-¡-m-¡-p-I-b-p-Å-p.

F-¶-m-Â h-n-h-m-l c-P-n-Ì-d-n-Â k-m-£-n-

IÄ H-̧ -p h-b-v-t¡-|-X-n-Ã.

45 Z-n-h-k-§Ä-¡-p-ti-j-a-p-Å c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³

h-n-h-m-l X-o-b-X-n a-p-X-Â 45 Z-n-

h-k-¯-n-\-p-ti-j-w A-©-p hÀ-j-w

h-sc sa-t½-m-d-m-|-w k-aÀ-̧ -n-¡-p-¶

tI-k-p-I-f-n-Â 100 c-q-] ]-n-g Cu-S-m-¡-n

{]m-tZinI c-P-n-k-v-{S-mÀ-¡-p X-s¶ c-P-n-

k-v-t{S-j³ \-S-̄ -m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

C-{]-I-m -c -w c-P-n -k- v -t{S -j³

\-S-̄ -p-¶-X-n-\-v sa-t½-m-d-m-|-t -̄m-sS-m-

-̧w h-n-h-m-l-w \-S-¶-X-v sX-f-n-b-n-¡-p-¶

aXm-[nIm-c Øm\-̄ v \n-¶v e-̀ n-

{I-a

\-w.C-\-w -̂o-k-v

1 h-n-h-m-l c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³

(1) _-n.]-n.F-Â/F-k-v.k-n./F-k-v.ä-n h-n-̀ -m-K-̄ -n-Â s -̧«-hÀ-¡-v 10/þ

(2) s]-m-X-p-h-n-`-m-K-¡-mÀ-¡-v 100/þ

245 Z-n-h-k-§Ä-¡-p-ti-j-w A-©-p hÀ-j-w h-sc-b-p-Å h-n-h-m-l

c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j-\-p-Å ]-n-g (C-\-w 1þ-se ^-o-k-n-\-p ]-p-d-ta)100/þ

35 hÀ-j-¯-n-\-p-ti-j-a-p-Å h-n-h-m-l c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j-\-p-Å ]-n-g

(C-\-w 1þ-se ^-o-k-n-\-p ]-p-d-ta)250/þ

4 s¢-d-n-¡-Â ]-n-i-I-v H-g-n-sI-b-p-Å X-n-c-p-¯-e-p-IÄ-¡-v 100/þ

5h-n-h-m-l c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j-sâ sX-f-n-h-m-b-n \-Â-I-p-¶ h-n-h-m-l

k-m-£-y-]-{X-w 20/þ

6 h-n-h-m-l k-m-£-y-]-{X-w (N-«-w 14 {]-I-m-c-w) 25/þ

¡p-¶ km-£y-]-{Xhpw k-m-[-m-c-W

c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j-\-m-h-i-y-a-m-b a-ä-p tc-J-I-

f-p-w k-aÀ-̧ -n-t¡-|-X-m-W-v.

5 hÀ-j-w I-g-n-ª-p-Å c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³h-n-h-m-l X-o-b-X-n a-p-X-Â 5 hÀ-

j-w I-g-n-ª-v sa-t½-m-d-m-|-w -̂b-Â

sN-b-v-X-n-«-p-Å h-n-h-m-l-§Ä c-P-n-k-v-

{S-mÀ P-\-d-e-n-sâ A-\-p-a-X-n-tb-m-sS 250

c-q-] ]-n-g Cu-S-m-¡-n c-P-n-ÌÀ sN-¿-m-

h-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

h-n-h-m-l-w \-S-¶-v 5 hÀ-j-̄ -n-\-p-

ti-j-w k-aÀ-̧ -n-¡-p-¶ sa-t½-m-d-m-|-w

A-\-p-a-X-n-¡-m-b-n c-P-n-k-v-{S-mÀ P-\-d-e-n-\-v

(]-©-m-b-̄ -v sU-]-y-q-«-n U-b-d-I-v-SÀ)

A-b-¡-p-t¼-mÄ B-h-i-y-a-m-b tc-J-

IÄ-¡-p ]-p-d-ta h-n-h-m-l-w \-S-¶-X-p

k-w-_-Ô-n-̈ -v c-P-n-k-v-{S-m-d-p-sS A-t\z-

j-W d-n-t -̧mÀ-«-p-w h-y-à-a-m-b i-p-]-mÀ-

i-b-p-w k-aÀ-̧ -n-t¡-|-X-m-W-v.

t]-c-v, h-b-k-v, X-o-b-X-n a-p-X-e-m-b

k-m-c-h-̄ -m-b h-n-i-Z-m-w-i-§-f-n-se X-n-

c-p-̄ -e-p-I-f-p-w d-±-m-¡-e-p-I-f-p-w c-P-n-k-v-

S-mÀ P-\-d-e-n-sâ (]-©-m-b-̄ -v sU-]-y-q-

«-n U-b-d-I-v-SÀ) A-\-p-a-X-n-tb-m-sS-b-p-w

a-ä-p-Å h-n-h-c-§-f-n-se X-n-c-p-̄ -e-p-IÄ

c-P-n-k-v-{S-mÀ-¡-v kz-´-w \-n-e-b-v-¡-p-w

\-S-̄ -m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

s¢-d-n-¡-Â ]-n-i-I-v H-g-n-sI-b-p-Å

X-n-c-p-̄ -e-p-IÄ-¡-v \-q-d-p c-q-] -̂o-k-v

Cu-S-m-t¡-|-X-m-W-v.

s]-m-X-p-h-n-h-m-l c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³

k-w-_-Ô-n-̈ ̂ -o-k-v/]-n-g \-n-c-¡-p-IÄ

N-p-h-sS tNÀ-¡-p-¶-p.


-ta-c-n-¡-b-n-se C-tb-m-h tÌ-ä-v

b-q-W-n-th-g-v -k-n-ä-n-b-n-se h-n-

Z-y -mÀ-°-n k-w-L-w a-m-W-n -

¡-Â {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-v k-µÀ-i-n-¨-p.

s{]-m-̂ . sP-d-n Bâ-W-n-b-p-sS t\-X-r-

Xz-̄ -n-e-p-Å ]-̄ -w-K _-n-c-p-Z-m-\-́ -c

_-n-c-p-Z h-n-Z-y-mÀ-°-n-I-f-m-W-v b-q-W-n-

th-g-v -k-n-ä-n-b-p-sS 'C-´-y-m h-nâ-d-n-w

t{]-m-{K-m-w 2015þ16' sâ `-m-K-a-m-

b-p-Å tI-c-f k-µÀ-i-\-¯-n-\-n-S-

b-n-Â a-m-W-n-¡-Â {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-̄ -v

k-µÀ-i-n-¨-X-v. P-\-I-o-b-m-k-q-{X-W

]-²-X-n-b-n-e-q-sS A-S-n -Ø-m-\ h-n-

a-m-W-n-¡-Â {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-v

I-k-\-¯-n-Â tI-c-f-w ssI-h-c-n-¨

t\-«-§Ä t\-c-n-Â I-|-p ]T-n-¡-p-I-

sb-¶ e-£-y-t -̄m-sS 11 Z-n-h-k-s¯

tI-c-f ]-c-y-S-\-a-m-W-v h-n-Z-y-mÀ-°-n

k-w-L-¯-n-sâ e-£-y-w. A-[-n-I-m-c

h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-c-W-¯-n-e-q-sS \-q-X-\

]-²-X-n-IÄ k-w-Ø-m-\-¯-v G-ä-

h-p-w a-n-I-¨ c-o-X-n-b-n-Â \-S-¸-n-e-m-

¡-n-b X-t±-i-`-c-W Ø-m-]-\-sa-¶

\-n-e-b-n-e-m-W-v X-§Ä a-m-W-n-¡-Â

{K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-v k-µÀ-i-n-¡-m³

X-o-c-p-a-m-\-n-¨-sX-¶-v s{]-m-^. sP-d-n

Bâ-W-n ]-d-ª-p. ]-©-m-b-¯-v

{]-k-n-Uâ-v F-k-v.k-p-P-m-X-b-p-sS t\-

X-r-Xz-¯-n-Â A-w-K-§-f-p-w D-tZ-y-m-K-

Ø-c-p-w tNÀ-¶-v k-w-L-s¯ kz-o-I-

c-n-̈ -p. ssh-k-v {]-k-n-Uâ-v sI.P-b³,

sa-¼À-a-m-c-m-b P-e-P, tZ-h-I-n, A-Uz.

c-m-[-m-I-r-j-v-W³, H-m-a-\, h-n-P-b-I-p-

a-mÀ, e-X-n-I, k-Z-m-i-n-h³

\-m-bÀ, ]-Å-n-¡-Â \-k-oÀ,

a-l-o-{µ³, te-J-I-p-a-m-c-n, k-l-o-d-̄ -v

_-o-h-n, i-c-W-y, A-\-n-e, k-p-[À-½-n-

W-n, sk-{I-«-d-n F-w.]-n. {]-ta-m-Z-v X-p-

S-§-n-b-h-c-p-a-m-b-n h-n-Z-y-mÀ-°-n-k-w-L-w

B-i-b-h-n-\-n-a-b-w \-S-¯-n.

C³-tUm-þ {_n«o-jv F-Iv-k-e³-kv A-hmÀ-Upw tI-c-f-¯n-se an-I-¨ a-{ń-bv-¡p-f-f bp.sI _n-kn-\-Êv t^m-dw

A-hmÀ-Upw t\-Sn-b _-lp. a-{ń-¡v tI-c-f {Km-a-]-©m-b-¯v A-tkm-kn-tb-j³ {]-kn-Uâ v {io. ]n.än am-Xyq

D-]-lm-cw \-ev-In B-Z-cn-¨p.

A


[-n -I-m -c h-n -tI-{µ-o -I-c -W

{]-{I-n-b-b-n-e-q-sS ̀ -c-W-L-S-\

h-n-`-m-h-\-w sN-¿-p-¶ c-o-X-n-b-n-

e-p-Å ]-©-m-b-¯-n-c-m-P-v k-w-h-n-[-m-

\-w \-S-¸-m-¡-p-¶-X-nÂ tI-c-f-w a-ä-v

k-w-Ø-m-\-§Ä-¡-v a-m-X-r-I-b-m-b-n

a-m-d-n-¡-g-n-ª-n-«-p-|-v. ]-©-m-b-¯-n-

c-m -P- v Ø-m-]-\-§-sf I-q -S-p -XÂ

I-c-p-¯-p-ä-h-b-p-w P-\-m-`-n-a-p-J-y-a-p-Å-

h-b-p-a-m-¡-n a-m-ä-p-¶-X-n-\-v Cu c-w-K-

-̄v A-h-ti-j-n-¡-p-¶ \-y-q-\-X-I-f-p-w

sh-Ã-p-h-n-f-n-I-f-p-w ]-c-n-l-c-n-¨-v h-n-tI-

{µ-o-I-r-X-m-k-q-{X-W-w h-y-h-Ø-m-]-n-

X-a-m-t¡-|-X-p-|.-v C-X-p {]-I-m-c-w

thÄ-U-v _-m-¦-v k-l-m-b-t¯-m-sS

tI-c-f kÀ-¡-mÀ c-q-]-w sI-m-S-p-¯-n-

c-n-¡-p-¶ ]-²-X-n-b-m-W-v tI-c-f te-m-

¡Â K-h¬-saâ-v kÀ-Æ-o-k-v sU-

e-n-h-d-n t{]-m-P-I-v-S-v (sI.FÂ.P-n.F-

k-v.U-n.]-n.).

D-t±-i-y e-£-y-wP-\-§Ä-¡-v tk-h-\-§Ä {]-Z-m-

\-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w A-S-n-Ø-m-\-]-

c-a-m-b `-c-W \-nÀ-h-l-W-w ^-e-{]-

Z-a-m-b-p-w k-p-Ø-n-c-a-m-b-p-w \-S-¸-m-

¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w th-|-n tI-c-f-¯-n-se

X-t±-i-`-c-W k-w-h-n-[-m-\-¯-n-sâ

Ø-m-]-\-X-e I-m-c-y-ti-j-n hÀ-²-n-

-̧n-¡-p-I-b-p-w i-à-n-s -̧S-p-̄ -p-I-b-p-a-m-

W-v t{]-m-P-I-v-S-n-sâ e-£-y-w.

K-p-W-t`-m-à-m-¡ÄtI -c -f -¯- n -se 941 {K -m -a

]-©-m-b-¯-p-I-f-p-w 87 a-p-\-n-k-n-¸-m-

e-n-ä-n-I-f-p-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w t{]-m-P-Î-n-sâ

K-p-W-t`-m-à-m-¡Ä.

t{]-m-P-Î-v A-S-¦Â1195.8 tI-m-S-n c-q-]-b-m-W-v (260 a-n-

Ã-y¬ b-p.F-k-v. tU-m-fÀ) t{]-m-P-Î-v

A-S-¦Â. C-X-nÂ k-w-Ø-m-\ kÀ-

¡-mÀ h-n-l-n-X-w 276 tI-m-S-n c-q-]-b-m-

W-v (60 a-n-Ã-y¬ b-p.F-k-v. tU-m-fÀ).

2011þ12, 2012þ13, 2013þ14, 2014þ15

k-m -¼-¯-n -I hÀ-j-§-f-n -e-m -b-n

tI-c-f te-m-¡Â K-h¬-saâ-v kÀ-h-o-k-v sU-e-n-h-d-n t{]-m-P-I-v-S-v


A


B-sI 1012.36 tI-m-S-n c-q-]-b-m-W-v

s]À-t^-m-a³-k-v {K-mâ-m-b-n h-n-X-c-

W-w sN-b-v-X-X-v.

t{]-m-P-Î-v I-m-e-m-h-[-n2011 a-p-XÂ 2015 h-sc-b-m-b-n-c-p-

¶-p ]-²-X-n I-m-e-m-h-[-n. C-t¸-m-g-X-v

2017 P-q¬ h-sc \-o-«-n-b-n-«-p-|-v.

t{]-m-P-Î-v L-S-I-§Ä1. {K-m-a ]-©-m-b-¯-p-IÄ-¡-p-w a-p-

\-n-k-n-¸-m-e-n-ä-n-IÄ-¡-p-w h-n-I-k-\

]-²-X-n-IÄ \-S-¸-m-¡-m³ \-n-e-h-n-

e-p-Å {K-mâ-n-\-v ]-p-d-sa \Â-I-p-¶

s]À-t^-m-a³-k-v {K-mâ-v.

2. X-t±-i kz-b-w-`-c-W Ø-m-]-\-§-

f-p-sS tk-h-\ {]-Z-m-\-w sa-¨-s¸-

S-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-p-Å I-m-c-y-ti-j-n

h-n-I-k-\-w.

3. X-t±-i kz-b-w-`-c-W Ø-m-]-\-

§-sf k-w-_-Ô-n-¡-p-¶ Ø-n-X-n

h-n -h-c-¡-W-¡-p-I-f-p -w ]-²-X-n

\-S-¯-n-¸-n-s\-¡-p-d-n-¨-p-Å h-n-i-

Z-m-w-i-§-f-p-w k-p-K-a-a-m-b-n e-`-y-a-m-

¡-p-I h-g-n X-t±-i kz-b-w-`-c-W

k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w ta-m-W-n-äÀ sN-¿-p-

¶-X-n-\-p-Å k-w-Ø-m-\ kÀ-¡-mÀ

k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w i-à-n-s¸-S-p-¯Â.

4. t{]-m-P-Î-v a-m-t\-P-v-saâ-v.

1. s^À-t -̂m-a³-k-v {K-mâ-v (Rs 1097.56 cr)

tI -c -f -¯- n -se 978 {K -m -a

]-©-m-b-¯-p-IÄ-¡-p-w 60 a-p-\-n-k-n-

¸-m-e-n-ä-n-IÄ-¡-p-w h-mÀ-j-n-I-a-m-b-n,

{]-hÀ-¯-\ a-n-I-h-v B-[-m-c-a-m-¡-n-

b-p-Å s^À-t^-m-a³-k-v {K-mâ-v e-`-n-

¡-p-¶-X-m-W-v. A-h-b-p-sS ]-²-X-n

\-nÀ-h-l-W-̄ -n-se I-m-c-y-ti-j-n hÀ-

²-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-X-I-p-¶ X-c-¯-nÂ

a-q-e-[-\ B-k-v-X-n-IÄ k-r-ã-n-¡-p-¶-

X-n-\-p-w ]-c-n-]-m-e-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-a-p-Å

A-[-n-I-c-n-¨ A-f-h-n-e-p-Å h-n-I-k-\

{]-hÀ-̄ -\-§Ä \-S-̄ -p-¶-X-n-\-m-b-n

s]À-t -̂m-a³-k-v {K-mâ-v sN-e-h-g-n-¡-m-

h-p ¶-X-m-W-v. C-{]-I-m-c-w e-`-n-¡-p-¶

D-]-m-[-n-c-l-n-X {K-mâ-v {K-m-a ]-©-m-b-

¯-p-IÄ-¡-p-w a-p-\-n-k-n-¸-m-e-n ä-n-IÄ-

¡-p-w A-h-b-p-sS tk-h-\ {]-Z-m-\

\-n-e-h-m-c-w sa-¨-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-m-

b-n D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-m h-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

X-t±-i kz-b-w-`-c-W Ø-m-]-

\-§-f-p-sS h-n-I-k-\ sN-e-h-p-IÄ-

¡-p-Å _-P-ä-v h-n-l-n-X-w I-W-¡-m-

¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v \-n-e-h-nÂ k-w-Ø-m-\

[-\-I-m-c-y I-½-o-j³ \-nÀ-t±-i-n-¨-n-

«-p-Å a-m-\-Z-W-v-U-§Ä X-s¶-b-m-W-v

s]À-t^-m-a³-k-v {K-mâ-v h-n-l-n-X-w

X-o-c-p-a-m-\-n-¡-m \-p-a-p-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-p-¶-

X-v. X-t±-i kz-b-w-`-c-W Ø-m-]-\-

§Ä-¡-p-f-f k-w-Ø-m-\ [-\-I-m-c-y

I-½-o-j³ h-n-l-n-X-̄ -n-\-p ]-p-d-ta-b-m-

W-v s]À-t -̂m-a³-k-v {K-mâ-v h-n-l-n-X-w.

c-|-p L-«-§-f-n-e-m-b-m-W-v s]

À-t^-m-a³-k-v {K-mâ-v e-`-n-¡-p-I. k-w-

Ø-m-\ _-P-ä-n-s\-m-¸-w s]À-t^-m-

a³-k-v {K-mâ-v h-n-l-n-X-h-p-w DÄ-s¸-

S-p-¯-p-¶-X-m-W-v. ]-©-m-b-¯-n c-m-P-v

\-n-b-a-¯-n-se h-y-h-Ø-IÄ X-s¶-

b-m-W-v s]À-t^-m-a³-k-v {K-mâ-v e-`-n-

¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w ]-m-e-n-t¡-|-X-v.

2013þ14, 2014þ15 hÀ-j-§-f-nÂ

s]À-t^-m-a³-k-v {K-mâ-v A-\-p-h-Z-n-¨-

X-v h-y-à-a-m-b h-mÀ-j-n-I {]-hÀ-̄ -\

h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯Â \-S-¯-n-b ti-j-a-m-

W-v. Cu k-w-h-n-[-m-\-¯-n-sâ `-m-K-a-m-

b-n a-p³-hÀ-j-§-f-n-se {]-k-v-X-p-X

{K-mâ-v h-n-\-n-tb-m-K-¯-n-sâ X-m-sg-

s¡-m-S-p-¯-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ L-S-I-§-f-m-b-n-

c-n-¡-p-w h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-s¸-«-X-v.

1. ]-p-X-n-b k-m-¼-¯-n-I hÀ-j-s¯

_-P-ä-v Iu¬-k-nÂ A-w-K-o-I-c-n-

¡-p-I-b-p-w H-c-p ]-IÀ-¸-v X-t±-i

`-c-W h-I-p-¸-n-\-v a-mÀ-¨-v 31þ-\-v a-p-

¼-m-b-n e-`-y-a-m-¡-p-I-b-p-w th-W-w.

2. a-p³ hÀ-j-s¯ h-mÀ-j-n-I ]-²-X-n

`-c-W k-a-n-X-n-b-p-w P-n-Ã-m B-k-q-

{X-W k-a-n-X-n-b-p-w A-w-K-o-I-c-n-̈ -X-n-

sâ H-c-p ]-IÀ-¸-v X-t±-i kz-b-w-`-

c-W h-I-p-¸-n-\-v k-aÀ-¸-n-¡-W-w

3. a-p³ hÀ-j-w {K-mâ-v e-`-n-¨ X-t±-i

kz-b-w-`-c-W Ø-m-]-\-§Ä s]

À-t^-m-a³-k-v {K-mâ-n-sâ I-p-d-ª-

X-v 80 i-X-a-m-\-sa-¦-n-e-p-w sN-e-h-m-

¡-n-b-n-c-n-¡-W-w.

4. s]À-t^-m-a³-k-v {K-mâ-p-]-tb-m-K-n-

¨-v k-r-j-v-S-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶ ù-X-n-I

B-k-v-X-n-IÄ ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¡-W-w.

5. a-p³ hÀ-j-s¯ h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-

e-nÂ te-m-¡Â ̂ -|-v H-m-U-n-ä-n-sâ

h-n-ti-j-W-§-f-n-Ã-m-¯ H-m-U-n-ä-v


kÀ-«-n-^-n-¡-ä-v D-|-m-h-W-w.

6. h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-e-n-\-v sX-m-«-p a-p³

hÀ-j-s¯ H-m-U-n-ä-v d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-nÂ

a-p -J-y-a-m-b k-m-¼-¯-n-I ]-c-n -

]-m-e-\ ZuÀ-_-e-y-§-sf-̧ -ä-n-b-p-Å

]-c-m-aÀ-i-§Ä D-|-m-I-c-p-X-v.

7. h-mÀ-j-n-I _-P-ä-n-s\-b-p-w ]-²-X-n-

sb-b-p-w I-p-d-n-̈ -v H-c-p s]-m-X-p tc-J

X-¿-m-d-m-¡-n h-n-X-c-W-w sN-¿Â

8. s]À-t -̂m-a³-k-v {K-mâ-v D-]-tb-m-K-n-

¨-v \-S-¸-m-¡-m-\-p-t±-i-n-¡-p-¶ D-]

]-²-X-n-IÄ-¡-v G-sX-¦-n-e-p-w {]-X-n-

I-q-e-a-m-b ]-m-c-n-Ø-n-X-n-I, k-m-a-q-

l-n-I B-L-m-X-§-f-p-t|-m F-¶-v

X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-m³ ]-m-c-n-Ø-n-X-n-I-þ-

k-m-a-q-l-n-I k-w-ti-m-[-\ \-S-t¯-

|-X-m-W-v. C-X-n-\-m-b-n H-c-p ]-m-c-n-

Ø-n-X-n-I-þ-k-m-a-q-l-n-I N-«-¡-q-S-v

(C.F-k-v.F-w.F-^-v) h-n-`-m-h-\-w

sN-b-v-X-v ]-²-X-n-b-n-e-pÄ-s¸-S-p-¯-n-

b-n-«-p-|-v. `-q-a-n _-e-w {]-tb-m-K-n-¨-v

G-sä-S-p-¡Â, _-m-e-th-e F-¶-n-h

X-S-b-p-I, X-®-oÀ-̄ -S k-w-c-£-W

N-«-§Ä, X-o-c-tZ-i ]-c-n-]-m-e-\

\-n-b-a-w, a-ä-v \-n-b-{´-W-N-«-§Ä

F-¶-n-h ]-m-e-n-¡-p-¶-p-sh-¶-v D-d-̧ -p

h-c-p-¯-p-I-b-m-W-v C.F-k-v.F-w.F-

^-v e-£-y-a-n-S-p-¶-X-v.

9. k-m-[-\-w h-m-§-e-n-\-p-w {]-h-r-¯-n-

I-c-m-d-p-IÄ \Â-I-p-¶-X-n-\-p-a-p-f-f

N-«-§Ä ]-m-e-n-¨-n-«-p-s|-¶-v D-d-¸-p

h-c-p-¯-p-I.

X-t±-i kz-b-w-`-c-W Ø-m-]-\-

§-f-p-sS A-¡u-|-p-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w

hÀ-j-m-h-k-m-\-w sN-e-h-g-n-¡-m-¯

_-m-¡-n X-p-I A-S-p-¯ k-m-¼-¯-n-

I-hÀ-j-t¯-¡-v- "I-y-m-c-n H-m-hÀ-' sN-

¿-s¸-S-p-w. C-{]-I-m-c-a-p-Å _-m-¡-n

X-p-I k-w-Ø-m-\ k-©-n-X \-n-[-n-b-n-

te-¡-v X-n-c-n-sI-sb-S-p-¡-m-\-m-h-n-Ã.

F-¶-mÂ ]-²-X-n-b-p-sS I-m-e-m-h-[-n

X-o-c-p-t¼-mÄ _-m-¡-n h-c-p-¶ X-p-I

X-n-c-n-¨-S-t¡-|-n h-c-p-w.

2. I-m-c-y-ti-j-n h-n-I-k-\-w (Rs 51.52 crore)

{K-m-a ]-©-m-b-¯-p-I-f-p-tS-b-p-w

a-p-\-n-k-n-¸-m-e-n-ä-n-I-f-p-tS-b-p-w {]-hÀ-

¯-\-w sa-¨-s¸-S-p-¯-p ¶-X-n-\-m-b-n

\-n-e-h-n-e-p-Å k-w-h-n -[-m-\-§-f-p-w

a-\-p-j-y h-n-`-h-ti-j-n-b-p-w sa-¨-s¸-

S-p-̄ -p-¶-X-n-\-p-w X-t±-i kz-b-w-̀ -c-W

Ø-m-]-\-§-f-p-sS I-m-c-y-ti-j-n h-n-I-

k-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-a-p-Å D-]-m-[-n-IÄ

]-I-c-p-I-b-m-W-v I-m-c-y-ti-j-n h-n-I-k-

\-w e-£-y-w sh-b-v-¡-p-¶-X-v.

H -c - p t»-m -¡-n -sâ I-o -g - nÂ

h-c-p-¶ X-t±-i-`-c-W Ø-m-]-\-§Ä-

¡-v k-l-m-b-w \Â-I-p-¶-X-n-\-m-b-n

H-c-p t»-m-¡-n-\-v H-c-p F-©-n-\-o-bÀ

D-|-m-b-n -c-n -¡-p-w. t{]-m-P-I-v -S-n -sâ

[-\-k-l-m-b-w e-̀ -n-¡-p-¶ ]-²-X-n-I-f-p-

sS h-n-i-Z-a-m-b ]-²-X-n-tc-J (U-n.]-n.

BÀ) X-¿-m-d-m-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w \-S-¯-n-

¸-n-sâ taÂ-t\-m-«-¯-n-\-p-a-p-f-f k-m-

t¦-X-n-I k-l-m-b-w Cu F-©-n-\-o-

bÀ-a-mÀ \Â-I-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

tI-c-f C³-Ì-n-ä-y-q-«-v H-m-^-v te-m-¡Â A-U-v-a-n-\-n-k-v-t{S-j³ ("I-n-e-')

X-m-sg-¸-d-b-p-¶-h X-¿-m-d-m-¡-p-

¶-X-n-\-p-f-f k-l-m-b-w \Â-I-p-¶-

X-m-W-v.

1. _-P-ä-v, ¹-m³, ̂ -n-\-m³-k-v, A-k-ä-v

a-m-t\-P-v-saâ-v, ]-»-n-I-v hÀ-¡-v-k-v

& sa-b-nâ-\³-k-v a-m-\z-e-p-IÄ,

]-»-n-I-v d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-v F-¶-n-h X-¿-m-

d-m-¡-p-I

`-c-W-L-S-\-m-]-c-a-m-b H-m-U-n-ä-n-w-K-v

a-m-\zÂ, H-m-^-o-k-v a-m-t\-P-v-saâ-v

a-m-\zÂ, ssI-a-m-ä-w sN-¿-s¸-«

Ø-m-]-\-§-f-p-sS a-m-t\-P-v-saâ-n-

\-m-b-p-f-f a-m-\zÂ F-¶-n-h X-¿-m-

d-m-¡-p-I

sa-m-U-y-q-f-p-IÄ h-n-I-k-n-¸-n-¡-p-I

2. C.F-k-v.F-w.F-^-v, k-a-m-l-c-W

{]-{I-n-b X-p-S-§-n-b-h-b-p-sS ]-Ý-m-

¯-\-¯-nÂ \-n-e-h-n-e-p-f-f slÂ-

¸- v sU-k-v -I-n -s\ i-à-n-s¸-S-p -

¯-p-I

I-n-e/ tÌ-ä-v C³-Ì-n-ä-y-q-«-v H-m-^-v d-q-dÂ sU-h-e-]-v-saâ-v (F-k-v.sF.BÀ.U-n.) � ]-n.BÀ.F., tk-m-j-yÂ H-m-U-n-ä-p-

IÄ, C,F-k-v.F-w.F-^-v., h-n-i-Z-

a-m-b ]-²-X-n tc-J F-¶-n-h-b-p-sS

S-qÄ-I-n-ä-v X-¿-m-d-m-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-f-f

k-l-m-b-w \-e-v-I-p-I.

sF.sI.F-w.: � C-þ-K-th-W³-k-v k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-


f-p-w A-¡u-|-n-w-K-v k-w-h-n-[-m-\-h-p-w

\-S-¸-m-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-m-b-n X-t±-i-kz-

b-w-`-c-W Ø-m-]-\-§-sf k-l-m-

b-n-¡-m-\-p-f-f sF.sI.F-½-n-sâ

I-m-c-y-ti-j-n hÀ-²-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v

t{]-m-P-I-v-S-v k-l-m-b-n-¡-p-w

� \-n-e-h-n-e-p-f-f h-n-h-c-§-f-p-sS U-m-

ä-m F³-{S-n \-S-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-m-b-n H-m-

tc-m t»-m-¡-n-\-p-w H-m-tc-m A-¡u-

|â-v-þ-I-w-þ-sF.S-n. k-v-s]-j-y-e-n-

Ì-n-s\ sF.sI.F-w. h-g-n X-mÂ-

¡-m-e-n-I-a-m-b-n \-n-b-a-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v

t{]-m-P-I-v-S-v k-l-m-b-n-¡-p-w

3. X-t±-i kz-b-w-`-c-W k-w-h-n-[-m-\-¯-n-sâ k-w-Ø-m-\ kÀ-¡-mÀ X-e-¯-n-e-p-Å ta-m-W-n-ä-n-d-n-w-K-v i-à-n-s¸-S-p-¯Â (Rs 15.44 crore)

h-n-h-c-ti-J-c-w: {K-m-a ]-©-m-b-

¯-p-I-f-n-te-b-p-w a-p-\-n-k-n-¸-m-e-n-ä-n-I-

f-n-te-b-p-w F-Ã-m {]-m-Y-a-n-I h-n-h-c-

§-f-p-w A-S-§-n-b H-c-p h-n-h-c-ti-

J-c-¯-n-\-v t{]-m-P-I-v-S-v c-q-]-w sI-m-

S-p-¡-p-¶-X-m-W-v (D-Z-m: P-\-k-w-J-y,

D-]-P-o -h-\ h-y-h-Ø, sX-m-g-nÂ,

h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-w, P-e-h-n-X-c-W-w, i-p-N-n-

Xz-w, _-P-ä-v sN-e-h-v, ù-X-n-I B-k-v-

X-n-IÄ). 2001þ2010 sk³-k-k-p-IÄ,

A-U-v-a-n-\-n-k-v-t{S-ä-o-h-v tc-J-IÄ, k-w-

Ø-m-\ H-m-U-n-ä-p-IÄ, h-n-h-n-[ h-I-p-

¸-p-IÄ F-¶-n-h-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-a-m-W-v

h-n-h-c-§Ä ti-J-c-n ¡-p-I. sh-_-v

A-[-n-j-vT-n-X-a-m-b Cu h-n-h-c-ti-J-

c-w s]-m-X-p-P-\-§Ä-¡-v e-`-y-a-m-b-n-c-n-

¡-p-w. Cu k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w ]-c-n-]-m-e-n-

¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-Å D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-Xz-w U-o-

sk³-{S-sse-tk-j³ A-\-m-e-n-k-n-k-v

sk-Ã-n-\-m-W-v(U-n.F.k-n). K-p-e-m-¯-n

C³-Ì-n-ä-y-q-«-v H-m-̂ -v ̂ -n-\-m³-k-v Bâ-v

S-m-I- v -tk-j-\-n -e-m-W-v U-n.F.k-n.

Ø-m-]-n-¨-n-«-p-Å-X-v.

kÀ-th: X-t±-i-kz-b-w-`-c-W

Ø-m-]-\-§Ä \Â-I-n h-c-p-¶ tk-h-

\-§-sf-¡-p-d-n-¨-v ]u-c³-a-m-c-p-sS k-w-

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th \-S-¯-m-\-p-Å N-p-a-X-e \Â-tI-

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t{]-m-P-Î-v h-n -e-b-n -c-p -¯Â:

H-¶-m-w L-S-I-a-m-b s]À-t^-m-a³-k-v

{K-mâ-v D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-p-Å h-n-I-k-\

{]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f-p-tS-b-p-w c-|-m-w-L-

S-I-a-m-b I-m-c-y-ti-j-n h-n-I-k-\-¯-n-

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{K-mâ-v D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-p-I h-g-n s]-m-

X-p-P-\-§Ä-¡-v e-`-y-a-m-b sa-¨-s¸-«

s]-m-X-p-tk-h-\-§Ä, tk-h-\-§-

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X-p-S-§-n-b-h h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-s¸-S-p-w.

U-o -sk³- {S -sse -tk-j³

A-\-m-e-n-k-n-k-v skÂ (U-n.F.k-n):

U-n.F.k-n X-m-sg-¸-d-b-p-¶ N-p-a-X-e-

IÄ \-nÀ-h-l-n-¡-p-¶-X-m-W-v:

1. {K-m-a ]-©-m-b-̄ -p-I-tf-b-p-w a-p-\-n-

k-n-¸-m-e-n-ä-n-I-tf-b-p-w k-w-_-Ô-n-

¡-p-¶ h-n-h-c ti-J-c-w D-|-m-¡-p-I.

2. h-mÀ-j-n-I k-m-¼-¯-n-I d-n-t¸-mÀ-

«-p-w \-b-]-c-a-m-b h-n-j-b-§Ä

k-w-_-Ô-n-¨ ]T-\-§-f-p-w X-¿-m-

d-m-¡-p-I; X-t±-i kz-b-w-`-c-W

Ø-m-]-\-§-f-p-sS k-m-¼-¯-n-I-

h-p-w Ø-m-]-\-]-c-h-p-a-m-b h-n-j-

b-§-sf-¡-p-d-n-¨-v k-w-Ø-m-\ kÀ-

¡-m-c-n-\-p-w k-w-Ø-m-\ [-\-I-m-c-y

I-½-o-j-\-p-w B-h-i-y-a-m-b \-b-]-

c-a-m-b h-n-i-I-e-\-§Ä \Â-I-p-I.

4. t{]-m-P-I-v-S-v a-m-t\-P-v-saâ-p-w \-nÀ-h-l-W-h-p-w (Rs 31.28 crore)

]-²-X-n-b-p-sS sa-m-¯-¯-n-e-p-Å

G-tI-m-]-\-w, \-nÀ-h-l-W-w, ta-m-W-n-ä-

d-n-w-K-v, h-n-e-b-n-c-p-̄ Â F-¶-n-h-b-v-¡-m-

b-n X-t±-i kz-b-w-`-c-W h-I-p-¸-n-sâ

I-o-g-nÂ {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶ t{]-m-P-Î-v

a-m-t\-P-v-saâ-v b-q-W-n-ä-n-sâ {]-hÀ-¯-

\-¯-n-\-m-h-i-y-a-m-b k-l-m-b-a-m-W-v

Cu L-S-I-w h-g-n e-`-y-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-v.

X-t±-i kz-b-w-̀ -c-W h-I-p-̧ -n-sâ

I-o-g-nÂ Ø-m-]-n-¨-n-«-p-Å t{]-m-P-I-v-S-v

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{]-m-tZ-i-n-I ̀ -c-W k-w-h-n-[-m-\-̄ -nâ

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f-p-sS-B-h-i-y-§Ä A-h-c-nÂ \-n-¶-p

X-s¶-c-q-]-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-p-th-|-n

th-§-c {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-v 2015-2020

I-m-e-L-«-¯-nÂ "Fâ {K-m-a-w k-p-µ-

c-{K-m-a-w'; F-¶-v \-m-a-I-c-W-w sN-b-v-X-v

h-n-h-n-[ ta-J-e-I-f-nÂ \-S-¸-m-¡-m-

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P-\-k-¼À-¡-]-c-n-]-m-S-n {K-m-a-]-©-m-

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K-a-n-¡-p-¶-p. P-\-§-f-p-sS {]-i-v -\-

§-f-m-b B-tc-m-K-y-w, h-n-Z-y-`-y-m-k-w,

I-r-j-n, i-p-N-n-Xz-w, A-S-n-Ø-m-\ ku-

I-c-y-§Ä, ]-c-n-Ø-n-X-n, I-p-S-n-sh-f-f-w,

k-v-{X-o i-m-à-o-I-c-W-w, I-p-«-n-IÄ,

a-p-X-nÀ-¶-hÀ, `-n-¶-ti-j-n-b-p-f-f-hÀ,

b-p-h-m-¡Ä X-p-S-§-n i-m-k-v -{X-o-b

a-m-e-n-\-y k-w-k-v-¡-c-W-w {K-m-a-]-©-m-

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b-a-m-b-n h-c-p-¶-p. th-§-c ]-©-m-b-

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d-o-P-\Â {S-m³-k-v-t]-mÀ-«-v A-tX-m-d-n-ä-n-

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{K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-n-se a-p-g-p-h³ h-n-

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s{s]-h-ä-v _-Ê-n-I-f-n-e-p-w k-v-I-q-f-p-I-

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h-n-Z-y-mÀ-°-n-IÄ c-£-n-X-m-¡-tf-m-S-v

ss_-¡-v B-h-i-y-s -̧S-m³ I-m-c-W-a-m-

b-n ]-d-b-m-d-p-f-f-X-v. _-Ê-v ku-I-c-y-w

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k-v-¡-c-n-¡-m³ A-h-k-c-w e-̀ -n-¡-p-¶-p.

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c-y-¯-nÂ h-n-Z-y-mÀ-°-n-IÄ-¡-p-f-f

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a-m-b-n th-§-c {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-v

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ta-J-e-b-n-e-p-w h-n-¹-h-w k-r-ã-n-¨-v tI-

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b-v-X-X-n-\-v ti-j-a-m-W-v-v \-nÀ-Æ-l-W-

¯-n-te-b-v-¡-v I-S-¡-p-¶-X-v. ]-©-m-b-

¯-n-sâ h-n-I-k-\-¯-n-\-m-[-m-c-a-m-b-n

Du-¶-n-¸-d-b-m³ I-g-n-b-p-¶ I-m-c-y-w

a-ä-v-]-©-m-b-¯-p-I-f-n-Â C-Ã-m-¯ \-q-

X-\ ]-²-X-n-IÄ \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-p-¶-p

F-¶-p-Å-X-m-W-v.

I-c-I-p-f-w {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-n-Â

2014þ15 k-m-¼-̄ -n-I hÀ-j-̄ -n-Â h-n-

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sN-e-h-g-n-¡-s¸-«-p. h-n-I-k-\-^-|-v

100 i-X-a-m-\-h-p-w sN-e-h-g-n-¡-m³

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c-p-¶-p. F-¶-m-Â 2013þ14 Â 100%

\-n-I-p-X-n ]-n-c-n-¨-X-n-sâ A-S-n-Ø-m-\-

¯-n-Â 3688000 c-q-] kÀ-¡-m-c-n-Â

\-n-¶-p-w a-mÀ-¨-v 30 \-v e-`-n-¨-X-n-\-m-Â

B-b-X-v I-q-S-n tNÀ-¯-v t{]-m-P-v-I-v-S-v

c-q-]-n-I-c-n-t¡-|-n h-¶-p. B-b-X-n-

\-m-e-m-W-v ¹-m³-^-|-v 74 i-X-a-m-\-w

sN-e-h-m-b-n N-p-c-p-§-n-b-X-v.{]-tX-y-I

L-S-I-]-²-X-n -b-p -w \-nÀ-_-Ô-n-X

h-I-b-n-c-p-¯-e-p-I-f-p-w I-r-X-y-a-m-b-p-w

sN-e-h-g-n-¡-s¸-«-p.

P-n-Ã-b-n-se a-q-¶-m-a-s¯ sF.F-

k-v.H {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-m-b-n I-c-I-p-

f-w sX-c-sª-S-p-¡-s¸-«-p. tk-h-\

K-p-W-ta-·-b-v-¡-p-Å A-´-m-c-m-j-v-{S

kÀ-«-n-̂ -n-t¡-j³ (ISO 9001-2008) ]-©-m-b-¯-n-Â-\-n-¶-p-w P-\-§Ä-¡-v

e-`-n-t¡-|-v tk-h-\-§Ä b-Y-m-k-a-

b-w \-Â-I-p-¶-X-n-\-p-Å \-S-]-S-n-{I-a-

§-f-p-w s]-m-X-p-P-\-§Ä B-̂ -o-k-n-Â

h-c-p-t¼-mÄ A-hÀ-¡-v e-`-n-t¡-|

A-S-n-Ø-m-\-ku-I-c-y-§-f-p-w H-c-p-

¡-n, tk-h-\-w D-S³ \-Â-tI-|-h

D-S-s\-b-p-w, k-a-b-_-Ô-n-X-a-m-b-h

b-Y-m-k-a-b-¯-p-w \-Â-I-n-b-p-a-m-W-v

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X-v. hÀ-j-§-f-m-b-n A-S-¡-p-w N-n-«-

b-p-a-n-Ã-m-sX I-n-S-¶ d-n-¡-mÀ-U-p-IÄ

h-f-sc I-r-X-y-X-tb-m-sS {I-a-o-I-c-n-

¨-v d-n-¡-mÀ-U-v d-q-w X-¿-m-d-m-¡-n-b-p-w

tÌ-mÀ d-q-w {I-a-o-I-c-n-¨-p-w s]-m-X-p-P-

\-§Ä-¡-v I-p-S-n-sh-Å-w, {]-m-Y-a-n-I-m-

h-i-y-§Ä-¡-p-Å ku-I-c-y-w ,h-mÀ-

¯-m-h-n-\-n-a-b ku-I-c-y-w, h-n-i-m-e-

a-m-b {^-|-v B-^-o-k-v k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w

I-c-I-p-f-w {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-v-v

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F-Ã-m sk-£-\-p-I-f-p-w I-¼-y-q-«À-h-Â-

¡-c-n-¨-v F-Ã-m ̂ -b-e-p-I-f-p-w 100% a-m-

X-r-`-m-j-m a-e-b-m-f `-m-j-m I-m-c-y-m-e-

b-a-m-¡-n I-c-I-p-f-s¯ a-m-ä-n-b-n-«-p-|-v.

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a-e-b-m-f-¯-n-Â k-aÀ-¸-n-¨-v `-m-j-m

k-v-t\-l-w {]-I-S-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-e-q-sS

t{i-j-vT `-m-j-sb-¶-p-Å-X-v D-d-s¡

{]-J-y-m-]-n-¡-p-¶ {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-m-

W-v I-c-I-p-f-w.

h -y -à-a -m -b tc -J -I -f - p -Å

A-t]-£-I-f-n³-ta-Â X-m-a-k/D-S-a-

Ø-m-h-I-m-i kÀ-«-n-^-n-¡-ä-p-I-f-p-w

P-\-\/a-c-W kÀ-«-n-^-n-¡-ä-p-I-f-p-w

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A-S-n-b-́ -n-c {]-m-[-m-\-y-a-p-Å k-m-£-y-

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D-S³ \-Â-I-p-¶-p F-¶-p-Å-X-m-W-v

G-ä-h-p-w a-p-J-y-a-m-b tk-h-\-§Ä.

C-X-n-Â a-n-¡-h-b-p-w a-n-\-n-ä-p-IÄ-¡-I-w

\-Â-I-p-¶-p F-¶-X-p-w {i-t²-b-a-m-W-v.

te-m-I-_-m-¦-v k-l-m-b-t¯-m-sS-

b-p-w ]-©-m-b-¯-v ^-|-p-w tNÀ-¯-v

]-©-m-b-¯-v \-nÀ-½-n-¨ \-o-´-Â-¡-p-

f-¯-n-Â C-t¸-mÄ G-I-tZ-i-w 30

H-m-f-w I-p-«-n-IÄ \-o-´-Â ]-c-n-i-o-e-n-

¡-p-¶-p-|-v. h-n-Z-K-v-[-c-m-b tI-m-¨-p-a-m-

c-p-sS k-l-m-b-t¯-m-sS-b-m-W-v Cu

]-c-n-i-o-e-\-w \-S-¯-p-¶-X-v. G-I-tZ-

i-w 25 e-£-t¯-m-f-w c-q-] sN-e-h-

g-n-¨-v \-nÀ-½-n-¨ Cu \-o-´-Â-¡-p-f-w

]-©-m-b-̄ -n-sâ I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v H-c-p a-p-

X-Â-¡-q-«-m-b-n a-m-d-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v.

k-¼-qÀ-® C-þ-k-m-£-c-X-m]-n.F³. ]-W-n-¡À û-t|-

j-sâ k-l-m-b-t¯-m-sS I-c-I-p-f-w

{K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-v 2014þ15 hÀ-j-

-̄n-Â ]-©-m-b-̄ -v ̂ -|-p-w tNÀ-̄ -v

C-þ-k-m-£-c-X-m {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä

\-S-¯-n. B-b-X-n-sâ A-S-n-Ø-m-\-

¯-n-Â `-m-c-X-¯-n-se c-|-m-a-s¯

C-þ-k-m-£-c-X-m ]-©-m-b-̄ -m-b-n I-c-

I-p-f-w {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-v a-m-d-n.]-©-m-

b-¯-n-se h-r-²-c-m-b BÄ-¡-mÀ-¡-v

Cu ]-²-X-n h-f-sc-tb-sd {]-tb-m-P-\-

s -̧«-p. C-þ-sa-b-n-Â A-b-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w

F-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w _-m-¦-v C-S-]-m-S-p-

IÄ-¡-p-w C-þ-k-m-£-c-X-m h-r-²-c-m-b

B-f-p-IÄ-¡-v G-sd k-l-m-b-I-a-m-b-n.

I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS {K-m-a-k-`/I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS ]-©-m-b-¯-v

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k-r-j-v-S-n-¡-p-I, I-p-«-n-I-f-n-Â k-m-a-q-l-y-

t_-m-[-h-p-w kÀ-£-h-m-k-\-b-p-w h-fÀ-

-̄n F-S-p-¡-p-I-b-p-a-m-W-v Cu ]-²-X-n-

b-n-e-q-sS sN-b-v-X-X-v. 150þ-Â ]-c-w

I-p-«-n-IÄ C-X-n-Â ]-¦-m-f-n-I-f-m-b-n.

C-X-n-\-p-th-|-n I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v {]-I-r-

X-n k-l-h-m-k I-y-m-¼-v, ]T-\-b-m-{X,

I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS h-mÀ-U-v sa-¼À sX-c-

sª-S-p-¸-v, I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS {]-k-n-Uâ-v

F-¶-n-h-b-p-w ]-©-m-b-¯-n-sâ {]-hÀ-

-̄\-§-f-n-e-p-w I-p-«-n-I-sf ]-s¦-S-p-̧ -n-

-̈p-sI-m-|-p-Å ]T-\-]-c-n-i-o-e-\-§Ä

F-¶-o {]-hÀ-̄ -\-§-f-p-w {]-k-v-X-p-X

]-²-X-n-b-n-Â \-S-¯-n-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

B-tc-m-K-y-{]-hÀ-¯-I tk-\-sb D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-v k-a-{K sI-m-X-p-I-v D-d-h-n-S \-i-o-I-c-W-w, I-n-WÀ t¢-m-d-n-t\-j³, I-n-W-d-p-I-f-n-te-b-v-¡-p-Å h-e sI-«-Â:

{]-I-r-X-n P-\-n-X-I-tc-m-K-§-f-p-w

a-ä-v ]-IÀ-¨-h-y-m-[-n-IÄ, a-g-¡-m-e



tc-m-K-§Ä, P-e-P-\-y-tc-m-K-§Ä X-S-

b-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w, B-tc-m-K-y t_-m-[-h-X-v-

I-c-W {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä I-q-S-p-X-Â

X-m-sg X-«-n-Â F-¯-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-m-b-n

I-c-I-p-f-w {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-n-Â 150

th-m-fâ-n-bÀ-a-m-c-p-sS tk-h-\-w D-]-

tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-n-s¡-m-|-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-

X-p-w, C-X-n-Â HPT, B-i-hÀ-¡À,

P-q-\-n-bÀ ]-»-n-¡-v sl-Â-¯-v \-g-v-

k-p-a-mÀ, sl-Â-¯-v C³-k-v-s]-I-v-SÀ-

a-mÀ, tU-m-I-v-SÀ-a-mÀ, I-p-S-p-w-_-{i-o

A-w-K-§Ä F-¶-n-h-c-S-§-p-¶-X-m-W-v

Cu S-o-w. a-g-¡-m-e ]-qÀ-Æ i-p-N-o-I-

c-W {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä, a-g-¡-m-e-w

I-g-n-ª-X-n-\-p ti-j-a-p-f-f B-tc-m-K-y

{]-hÀ-̄ -\-§Ä F-¶-n-h k-P-o-h-a-m-

b-n \-S-¯-p-¶-p. F-¶-m-Â I-c-I-p-f-w

{K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-n-se B-tc-m-K-y-{]-

hÀ-¯-I tk-\-b-p-sS i-p-N-o-I-c-W

t_-m-[-h-X-v-I-c-W {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä

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¯-I tk-\ t\-X-r-Xz-w \-Â-I-p-¶-p.

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\-n-¶-p-w h-I-b-n-c-p-̄ -p-I-b-p-w a-p-g-p-h³

X-p-I-b-p-w Cu ]-²-X-n-IÄ-¡-v th-|-n

sN-e-h-e-g-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p.

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I-c-I-p-f-w {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-n-Â

X-m-a-k-n-¡-p-¶ h-r-²-c-m-b k-v-{X-o-

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ti-m-[-\, a-c-p-¶-p-IÄ h-n-X-c-W-w

sN-¿-p-I, tc-m-K-\-nÀ-®-b-w X-p-S-§-n-b

{]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f-m-W-v Cu ]-²-X-n-

b-n-Â D-f-f-X-v. B-g-v-N-b-n-Â 3 Z-n-h-k-w

k-v-{X-o-]-p-c-p-j³-a-mÀ-¡-v {]-tX-y-I

OP k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w B-i-p-]-{X-n-b-n-Â

D-f-f-X-n-\-m-Â {]-tX-y-I ]-c-n-K-W-\

\-Â-I-p-h-m³ I-g-n-b-p-¶-p. {K-m-a-k-`

a-p -J-m-´-n -c-h-p -w ]-©-m-b-¯-n-se

s]-m-X-p-{]-hÀ-¯-IÀ a-p-tJ-\-b-p-w,

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th-Z U-n-k-v-s]³-k-d-n F-¶-n-h-c-p-sS

k-l-m-b-̄ -m-e-p-w I-q-S-p-X-Â N-n-I-n-Õ

B-h-i-y-a-m-b ]-m-h-s¸-« h-r-²-c-m-b

k-v-{X-o-]-p-c-p-j³-a-m-sc I-s|-¯-n

th-|-p-¶ \-nÀ-t±-§Ä \-Â-I-n Cu

]-²-X-n a-p-J-m-´-n-c-w ssh-Z-y k-l-m-

b-w \-Â-I-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-p. h-n-I-

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h-I-b-n-c-p-¯-p-I-b-p-w a-p-g-p-h³ X-p-I-

b-p-w sN-e-h-g-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p.

]-©-m-b-¯-v P-m-{K-X-m-k-a-n-X-nk-v-{X-o-IÄ-¡-p-w s]¬-I-p-«-n-IÄ-

¡-p-w F-X-n-sc-b-p-f-f A-X-n-{I-a-§Ä

X-S-b-p-¶-X-n-\-v ]-©-m-b-¯-v X-e-

¯-n-Â e-`-y-a-m-I-p-¶ \-n-b-a-k-l-m-b-

a-m-W-v ]-©-m-b-¯-v P-m-{K-X-m-k-a-n-X-n.

Cu ]-²-X-n-b-n-e-q-sS k-v-{X-o-IÄ-¡-p-w,

I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-p-w, tI-m-S-X-n sN-e-h-p

C-Ã-m-X-m-I-p-¶-p. K-p-W-t`-m-à-m-¡Ä-

¡-v \-n-b-a \-S-]-S-n-IÄ-a-q-e-w D-|-m-

I-p-¶ I-m-e-X-m-a-k-w, k-m-¼-¯-n-I

_-p-²-n-a-p-«- v, tI-m-S-X-n _-p-²-n-a-p-«- v

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a-n-X-n A-w-K-§-f-m-b-n, sN-bÀ-a-m³

{K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-v {]-k-n -Uâ-p -w,

I¬-h-o-\À ICDS k-q-̧ À-ssh-k-d-p-w,

A-w-K-§-f-m-b-n h-\-n-X sa-¼À-a-mÀ,

{K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-v X-o-c-p-a-m-\-n-¨ 2

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{]-hÀ-¯-IÀ F-¶-n-h-c-m-W-v P-m-{K-

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hÀ-j-¯-n-Â \-n-c-h-[-n tI-k-p-IÄ

P-m-{K-X-m-k-a-n-X-n-b-n-¡-v ]-c-m-X-n-b-m-

b-n e-`-n-¨-p. A-X-n-Â a-n-¡ ]-c-m-X-n-

IÄ-¡-p-w X-oÀ-¸-p I-Â-]-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w



X-oÀ-̧ -p I-Â-]-n-¡-m-̄ -h P-n-Ã-m P-m-{K-

X-m-k-a-n-X-n-b-n-¡-p-w, tI-m-S-X-n-IÄ-¡-p-w

\-Â-I-n-b-n-«-p-|-v.

h-r-²À-¡-v ]-I-Â h-o-S-v (2014þ15)I-c-I-p-f-w {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-n-Â

a-m-\-k-n-I k-w-LÀ-j-w A-\-p-`-h-n-¨-p

h-c-p-¶ h-r-²-P-\-§-sf I-s|-¯-p-

I-b-p-w, a-m-\-k-n-I ]-n-c-n-a-p-d-p-¡-w I-p-

d-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p th-|-n-b-n-«-p-f-f {]-hÀ-

¯-\-§-f-m-W-v Cu ]-²-X-n-b-n-e-q-sS

\-S-¸-m-¡-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. I-c-I-p-f-w

{K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-n-se N-n-ä-m-g h-mÀ-

U-n-Â {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶ h-r-²-k-Z-\-

¯-n-e-m-W-v Cu ]-²-X-n \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-n-

b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v.

]-©-m-b-¯-n-sâ ss{]-a-d-n sl-

Â-¯-v skâ-d-n-Â \-n-¶-p-f-f H-c-p

\-g-v-k-p-w, H-c-p sl-Â-¯-v C³-k-v-s]-

I-v-S-d-p-w Ø-n-c-a-m-b-n Cu h-r-²-k-Z-

\-¯-n-se A-w-K-§-sf ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-

¡-p-I-b-p-w, Z-n-\-w-{]-X-n, A-h-c-p-sS

Ø-n-X-n tc-J-s¸-S-p-¯-p-I-b-p-w sN-

¿-p-¶-p. I-q-S-m-sX PHC tU-m-I-v-S-d-p-

sS tk-h-\-h-p-w e-`-y-a-m-¡-n-b-n-«-p-|-v.

C-h-n-S-s¯ h-r-²-P-\-§Ä 10 a-W-n-

tb-m-sS h-r-²-k-Z-\-¯-n-Â F-¯-p-I-

b-p-w, c-m-h-n-se e-L-p `-£-W-h-p-w,

D-¨-b-v-¡-v h-n-`-h-k-a-r-²-h-p-w, t]-m-j-

I-m-l-m-c-a-p-f-f `-£-W-h-p-w \-Â-I-p-

¶-p. Cu `-£-W-w tU-m-I-v-S-d-p-sS

\-nÀ-t±-i-{]-I-m-c-a-m-W-v \-Â-I-n-h-c-p-¶-

X-v. Cu `-£-W-w h-f-sc i-p-N-n-Xz-w

D-d-¸-m-¡-n-s¡-m-|-v B h-mÀ-U-n-se

I-p-S-p-w-_-{i-o b-q-W-n-ä-v h-g-n-b-m-W-v h-r-

²À-¡-v B-l-m-c-w F-¯-n-¡-p-¶-X-v.

I-q-S-m-sX h-r-²-c-p-sS a-m-\-k-n-I D-Ã-m-

k-¯-n-\-v sN-k-v-t_-mÀ-U-v, I-m-c-w-k-v,

]-{X-§Ä, a-m-k-n-I-IÄ, ]-Ã-m-w-I-p-g-n,

X-p-S-§-n-b-h e-`-y-a-m-¡-n-b-n-«-p-|-v. h-r-

²À-¡-v B-h-i-y-a-m-b C-c-n-̧ -n-S-§Ä,

N-m-c-p-I-tk-c-IÄ, F-¶-n-h k-Ö-o-I-

c-n-̈ -n-«-p-|-v. ]-I-Â-h-o-S-n-sâ {]-hÀ-̄ -\

k-a-b-w c-m-h-n-se 10 a-p-X-Â ssh-I-p-t¶-

c-w 5 a-W-n h-sc-b-m-b-n {I-a-o-I-c-n-̈ -n-c-n-

¡-p-¶-p. Cu ]-²-X-n I-c-I-p-f-w {K-m-a-]-

©-m-b-̄ -v X-p-SÀ-¶-p-w h-n-P-b-I-c-a-m-b-n

\-S-̄ -n h-c-p-¶-p.

_-U-v-k-v d-n-l-m-_-n-e-n-tä-j³ skâ-vÀ I-c-I-p-f-w {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-n-Â

2014þ15 k-m-¼-¯-n-I hÀ-j-¯-n-Â

i-m-c-o-c-n-I a-m-\-k-n-I sh-Ã-p-h-n-f-n-

IÄ t\-c-n-S-p-¶ I-p-«-n-I-sf ]-c-n-]-m-

e-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w S-n I-p-«-n-I-sf-b-p-w

k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ a-p³-\-n-c-b-n-Â sI-m-

|-p-h-c-¯-¡-h-n-[-¯-n-e-p-Å ]-c-n-

i-o-e-\-w \-Â-I-p-¶-X-n-\-p-a-m-b-n H-c-p

skâÀ B-c-w-`-n-¨-p. I-p-S-p-w-_-{i-o a-n-

j-sâ k-l-m-b-a-m-b 200000 c-q-]-b-p-w

]-©-m-b-¯-v h-n-l-n-X-a-m-b 400000

c-q-]-b-p-w tNÀ-¯-m-W-v S-n skâ-vÀ

X-p-S-§-p-¶-X-n-\-m-h-i-y-a-m-b ù-X-n-I-

ku-I-c-y-§Ä H-c-p-¡-n-b-X-v. 14 I-p-

«-n-I-f-p-a-m-b-n B-c-w-`-n-¨ Cu skâÀ

a-n-I-¨ c-o-X-n-b-n-Â {]-hÀ-¯-n-¨-p-h-c-p-

¶-p. I-p-«-n-I-sf h-o-«-n-Â \-n-¶-p-w h-n-

f-n-¨-p-sI-m-|-p h-c-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w h-o-«-n-Â

sI-m-|-v -h-n -S-p -¶-X-n-\-p-w h-m-l-\-s

ku-I-c-y-w GÀ-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-n-«-p-|-v.

b-p.]-n. k-v-I-q-f-p-I-f-n-se I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v Iu¬-k-n-e-n-w-K-v:

b-p.]-n. k-v-I-q-f-p-I-f-n-se Iu-a-m-c-

{]-m-b-¡-m-c-m-b k-v-I-qÄ I-p-«-n-I-f-p-sS

i-m-c-o-c-n-I a-m-\-k-n-I ]-n-c-n-a-p-d-p-¡-w

I-p-d-b-v-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w A-h-sc k-a-q-

l-¯-n-sâ a-p-J-y-[-m-c-b-n-te-b-v -¡-v

sI-m-|-p-h-c-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w I-c-p-¯-p-ä

]u-c-·-m-c-m-¡-n a-m-ä-p-¶-X-n-\-p-a-p-Å

]-²-X-n-b-m-W-n-X-v. S-n ]-²-X-n Cu

]-©-m-b-¯-n-Â h-n -P-b-I-c-a-m -b-n

\-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-n h-c-p-¶-p.

i-m-c-o-c-n-I-h-p-w a-m-\-k-n-I-h-p-a-m-b sh-Ã-p-h-n-f-n-IÄ t\-c-n-S-p-¶ ]-¯-m-w-¢-m-Ê-v P-b-n-¨ I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v I-¼-y-q-«À h-m-§-n \-Â-I-Â

]-©-m-b-¯-n-se A-Ô-c-m-b

I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-p-w a-ä-v ssh-I-e-y-§Ä

t\-c-n-S-p-¶-X-p-w ]-¯-m-w-¢-m-Ê-v P-b-n-¨-

X-p-a-m-b-n I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v I-¼-y-q-«À h-m-

§-n \-Â-I-n. A-ÔÀ-¡-p-Å I-¼-y-q-«-

d-p-I-f-n-Â ss»³-U-v s -̂U-td-j-sâ

B-`-n-a-p-J-y-¯-n-Â "tS-m-¡-n-w-K-v tk-m-

^-v-ä-v sh-bÀ-' Ø-m-]-n-¨-p \-Â-I-n.

s{]-m-^-j-W-Â tI-m-g-v -k-p-IÄ-¡-p-w t]-m-Ì-v {K-m-Pz-p-th-j³ tI-m-g-v-k-p-IÄ-¡-p-w ]T-n-¡-p-¶ F-k-v.k-n. h-n-Z-y-mÀ-°-n-IÄ-¡-v e-m-]-v-tS-m-¸-v h-m-§-n \-Â-I-Â

2014þ15 hÀ-j-¯-n-Â s{]-m-^-

j-W-Â-tI-m-g-v-k-p-IÄ-¡-p-w t]-m-Ì-v

{K-m-Pz-p-th-j³ tI-m-g-v-k-p-IÄ-¡-p-w

]T-n-¡-p-¶ ]-«-n -I-P-m-X-n h-n-Z-y-mÀ-

°-n-I-f-n-Â D-¶-X ]T-\-\-n-e-h-m-c-w

]-p-eÀ-¯-p-¶ I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v e-m-]-v-tS-m-

¸-v h-m-§-n \-Â-I-n.

K-mÀ-l-n-I _-tb-m-K-y-m-k-v ¹-mâ-v Ø-m-]-n-¡-Â:

h-o-S-p -I-f-n -se a-m-e-n -\-y-w I-p-

d-b-v -¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w I-p-d-ª sN-e-

h-n-Â C-Ô-\-a-p-e-v-]-m-Z-n-¸-n-¨-v ]-m-N-

I-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w D-t±-i-n-¨-p-Å

t{]-m-P-I-v-S-m-W-n-X-v. I-c-I-p-f-w {K-m-

a-]-©-m-b-¯-n-se a-p-g-p-h³ ]-«-n-I-

P-m-X-n I-p-S-p-w-_-§Ä-¡-p-w P-\-d-Â

h-n-`-m-K-¯-n-Â Z-m-c-n-{Z-y-tc-J-b-v -¡-v

X-m-sg-b-p-Å sX-c-sª-S-p-¡-s¸-«

B-f-p-IÄ-¡-p-w _-tb-m-K-y-m-k-v ¹-mâ-v

Ø-]-n-¨-p \-Â-I-n. I-g-n-ª c-|-p

hÀ-j-a-m-b-n G-I-tZ-i-w 600þ-H-m-f-w I-p-

S-p-w-_-§Ä-¡-v _-tb-m-K-y-m-k-v ¹-mâ-v

Ø-m-]-n-¨-p \-Â-I-n.


u


À-̈ -v 31þ-\-p-Å-nÂ 14 P-n-Ã-I-f-n-se 100 ]-©-m-b-̄ -p-

I-f-n-e-p-Å F-Ã-m-h-tc-b-p-w C-þ-k-m-£-c-c-m-¡-n,

k-¼-qÀ-W U-n-P-n-äÂ k-m-£-c-X ]-©-m-b-̄ -p-I-f-m-¡-n

a-m-d-p-sa-¶-v ]-©-m-b-¯-v h-I-p-¸-v a-{´-n tU-m. F-w.sI.

a-p-\-oÀ ]-d-b-p-I-b-p-|-m-b-n.

]-©-m-b-̄ -v-þ-sF-ä-n-þ-h-n-Z-y-m-̀ -y-m-k h-I-p-̧ -p-I-f-p-tS-

b-p-w tI-{µ sF-ä-n a-{´-m-e-b-¯-n-sâ-b-p-w ]-¦-m-f-n-¯-

¯-nÂ ]-n.F³. ]-W-n-¡À û-t|-j³ k-w-Ø-m-

\-¯-v \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-n-h-c-p-¶ k-¼-qÀ-W C-þ-k-m-£-c-X

]-²-X-n-b-p-sS A-h-te-m-I-\-h-p-w ]-²-X-n-b-p-sS {]-i-v-

\-§-f-p-w ]-c-n-l-m-c-§-f-p-w NÀ-¨ sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-m-b-n

k-w-L-S-n-¸-n-¨ "-{K-m-k-` i-m-à-o-I-c-W-h-p-w C-þ-k-m-

£-c-X-b-p-w' F-¶ i-n-e-v-]-i-m-e D-Z-v-L-m-S-\-w sN-b-v-v-X-v

k-w-k-m-c-n-¡-p-I-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-t±-l-w.

C-þ-k-m-£-c-X I-m-e-L-«-̄ -n-sâ B-h-i-y-a-m-sW-

¶-p-w C-X-n-e-q-sS-b-p-Å i-m-à-o-I-c-W-w {K-m-a-k-`-I-f-p-

S-b-p-w ]-©-m-b-¯-p-I-f-p-sS-b-p-w {]-hÀ-¯-\-w k-p-X-m-

c-y-h-p-w P-t\-m-]-I-m-c {]-Z-h-p-a-m-¡-p-sa-¶-p-w A-t±-l-w

100 ]-©-m-b-¯-p-IÄ a-mÀ-¨-v 31þ-\-v a-p-¼-vk-¼-qÀ-W C-þ-k-m-£-c-X t\-S-p-w

a-{´-n tU-m. F-w.sI. a-p-\-oÀ

]-d-b-p-I-b-p-|-m-b-n.

a-p³ F-w. ]-n. ]-¶-y³ c-h-o-{µ-sâ A-[-y-£-X-

b-nÂ-I-q-S-n-b tb-m-K-¯-nÂ X-t±-i kz-b-w-`-W h-I-p-¸-v

{]-n³-k-n-¸Â sk-{I-«-d-n sP-b-n-w-k-v hÀ-£-o-k-v a-p-J-y-{]-

`-m-j-W-w \-S-¯-n. `-m-c-X kÀ-¡-m-c-n-sâ k-n-F-k-v-k-n

C-þ-K-th-W¬-k-v ssh-k-v {]-k-n-Uâ-v tU-m. h-n-L-v-t\-j-v

kzÀ-W-ta-m-l³, I-n-e U-b-d-ÎÀ ]-n.]-n. _-m-e³, CâÂ

U-n-P-n-äÂ C³-¢-q-j³ \-m-j-WÂ t{]-m-{K-m-w a-m-t\-

PÀ {]-K-y k-n³-l, ]-n.F³. ]-W-n-¡À û-t|-j³

ssh-k-v sN-bÀ-a-m³ F³. _-m-e-tK-m-]-mÂ, tU-m.

I-a-e-m-k-\³-]-n-Å, F-w.]-n. te-m-I-\-m-Y-v, ]-©-m-b-¯-v

sU-]-y-q-«-n U.b-d-ÎÀ sI. AÀ-P-p³ F-¶-n-hÀ k-w-k-m-

c-n-¨-p. 100 ]-©-m-b-¯-v {]-k-n-Uâ-p-a-m-c-p-w sk-{I-«-d-n-a-m-

c-p-w ]-s¦-S-p-̄ i-n-e-v-]-i-m-e-tb-m-S-\-p-_-Ô-n-̈ -v k-p-X-m-c-y

]-©-m-b-̄ -v k-w-h-n-[-m-\-̄ -n-\-v t\-X-r-Xz-w \Â-I-n-b-X-n-\-v

tI-m-a¬-shÂ-¯-v ]-p-c-k-v-¡-m-c-w t\-S-n-b a-´-n tU-m.

F-w.sI. a-p-\-o-d-n-\-v ]-¶-y³ c-h-o-{µ³ s]-m-¶-m-S-b-W-n-

¨-v B-Z-c-n-¨-p.


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P\phcn 2016 P\phcn 20163]©mbØv cmPv 4 3]©mbØv cmPv 442 43Unkw_À 20153]©mbØv cmPv 442

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Xt±‑i‑kz‑bw`‑c‑W h‑Ip‑∏p‑am‑bn _‑‘‑s∏‑´ k¿‑°m¿ D‑Ø‑c‑hpIƒ, k¿‑°p‑e‑dpIƒ, Kk‑‰v hn‑⁄m‑]‑\‑ßƒ F‑∂n‑h‑bp‑sS ]q¿‑Æ cq]w www.lsgkerala.gov.in sh_v‑ssk‑‰n¬ e‑`y‑amWv.

Edited and Published by C.A. Latha IAS, Director of Panchayats, Govt. of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 033and Printed for GLM at Akshara Offset, Thiruvananthapuram

Cu hÀ-j-s¯ ]-©-m-b-¯-v

Z-n-\-m-tL-m-j-w F-d-W-m-I-p-f-w P-n-Ã-

b-nÂ sh-¨-v \-S-¯-p-h-m³ X-o-c-p-a-m-

\-n-̈ -n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. 2016 s -̂{_-p-h-c-n 19,

20 X-o-b-X-n-I-f-n-e-m-b-n F-d-W-m-I-p-f-w

I-d-p-I-p-ä-n A-U-v-e-I-v-k-v CâÀ-\-m-j-

WÂ I¬-sh³-j³ skâ-d-nÂ

h-¨-m-W-v B-tL-m-j-w \-S-¡-p-I.

tI-c-f a-p-J-y-a-{´-n D-½³-N-m-|-n,

]-©-m-b-¯-v k-m-a-q-l-y \-o-X-n h-I-p-

¸-v a-{´-n tU-m.-F-w.-sI.-a-p-\-oÀ, {K-m-a

]-©-m-b-¯-v Z-n-\-m-tL-m-j-w þ 2016-h-n-I-k-\ h-I-p-¸-v a-{´-n sI.-k-n.-tP-m-

k-^-v X-p-S-§-n tI-c-f-¯-n-se c-m-j-v-

{S-o-b, k-m-w-k-v-I-m-c-n-I, A-¡-m-U-a-n-I-v

ta-J-e-b-n-se {]-a-p-JÀ ]-s¦-S-p-¡-p-w.

]-©-m-b-¯-v Z -n -\-m -tL-m -j-

t¯-m-S-\-p-_-Ô-n-¨-v I-g-n-ª hÀ-

j-s¯ a-n-I-¨ X-t±-i `-c-W Ø-m-

]-\-§Ä-¡-p-Å kz-c-m-P-v t{S-m-^-n-

IÄ, a-l-m-ß-m-K-m-Ô-n sX-m-g-n-e-p-d-¸-v

]-²-X-n -b-nÂ a-n -I-¨ {]-I-S-\-w

\-S-¯-n-b {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-p-IÄ-

¡-p-Å a-l-m-ß ]-p-c-k-v-¡-m-c-§Ä

F-¶-n -h h-n -X-c-W-w sN-¿-p -¶-p.

]-©-m-b-¯-v Z-n-\-m-tL-m-j-h-p-a-m-b-n

_-Ô-s¸-«-v h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-r-X-m-k-q-{X-

W-h-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s¸-« h-n-j-b-

§-f-nÂ sk-a-n-\-m-d-p-I-f-p-w NÀ-̈ -I-f-p-w

\-S-¡-p-w; h-n-h-n-[ I-e-m-]-c-n-]-m-S-n-I-f-p-w

A-c-t§-d-p-w. B-tL-m-j-]-c-n-]-m-S-n-

IÄ-¡-v a-n-g-n-th-I-m³ h-n-h-n-[ h-n-j-b-

§Ä DÄ-s¸-S-p-¯-n H-c-p k-p-h-\-o-d-p-w

{]-k-n-²-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-p-|-v.

1. h-n-I-k-\ A-\-p-`-h-§ÄH-c-p X-t±-i `-c-W Ø-m-]-\-

¯-nÂ H-c-p a-m-X-r-I-m-]-²-X-n \-S-¸-n-

e-m-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v th-|-n D-t±-m-K-Ø-

tc-m, P-\-{]-X-n-\-n-[-n-tb-m \-S-¯-n-b

{i-a-§Ä, A-X-v h-n-P-b-n-¸-n-¡-p-h-m³

kz-o-I-c-n-¨ c-o-X-n -i-m-k-v-{X-w F-¶-n-

h-sb A-S-n-Ø-m-\-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-p-Å

A-\-p-`-h-I-p-d-n-¸-v. a-ä-v Ø-m-]-\-§Ä-

¡-v DÄ-sI-m-Å-m-\-p-w G-sä-S-p-¯-v

\-S-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w k-m-[-n-¡-p-¶ h-n-

[-¯-n-e-m-b-n-c-n-¡-W-w F-g-p-tX-|-X-v.

C-¯-c-¯-n-e-p-Å te-J-\-§-f-nÂ

]-©-m-b-¯-v c-m-P-v a-m-K-k-n\nÂ N-n-e ]-p-X-n-b ]-w-à-n-IÄ

B-c-w-`-n-¡-p-¶--p\-n-¶-p-w X-n-c-sª-S-p-¯-h {]-k-n-

²-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-m-W-v te-J-\-§Ä

[email protected] F-¶ h-n-

e-m -k-¯-nÂ thÀ-Uv t^m-anÂ

A-b-¨-v \Â-tI-|-X-m-W-v. te-J-

I-sâ t]-c- v, C-t¸-m-g-s¯ Ø-m-

\-w, h-n -e-m -k-w, t^-m¬ \-¼À

F-¶-n -h tNÀ-¯- v A-b-t¡-|-

X-m-W-v.

2. F-U-n-äÀ-¡-p-Å I-¯-p-IÄ]-©-m-b-̄ -v c-m-P-v a-m-K-k-n-s\-̧ -

ä-n-b-p-Å A-`-n-{]-m-b-§-f-p-w, \-nÀ-t±-i-

§-f-p-w F-g-p-X-n A-b-t¡-|-X-m-W-v.

C-h-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w X-n-c-sª-S-p-¯-h

a-m-K-k-n-\-nÂ {]-k-n-²-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-

X-m-W-v.

I -¯ - p -IÄ [email protected] F-¶ C-þ-sa-b-n-e-n-te-

b-v -t¡-m, F-U-n-äÀ, ]-©-m-b-¯-v

c-m-P-v a-m-k-n-I, ]-©-m-b-¯-v U-b-

d-I-v-S-td-ä-v, a-y-q-k-n-b-w ]-n.-H., X-n-c-p-

h-\-´-]-p-c-w þ 695033 F-¶ h-n-e-m-

k-¯-n-te-t¡-m A-b-t¡-|-X-m-W-v.

I-¯-p-IÄ A-b-¡-p-¶ B-f-n-sâ

t]-c-p-w, taÂ-h-n-e-m-k-h-p-w, t^-m¬

\-¼-d-p-w tNÀ-¯-v A-b-¡-m³ {i-²-n-

t¡-|-X-m-W-v.


X-p-I c-q-]-b-nÂ

IhÀ (A-h-k-m-\-]-pd-w) IfÀ 12000/-

IhÀ (DÄhi-w) IfÀ 10000/-

I-hÀ (DÄ-hi-w) »-m-¡-v & ssh-ä-v 8000/-

a-ä-p t]-P-pIÄ (IfÀ) 8000/-

a-ä-p t]-P-pIÄ (»-m-¡-v & ssh-ä-v) 6000/-

A-c t]P-v (IfÀ) 5000/-

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Printed & Published by C.A. Latha IAS, Director, Dept. of Panchayats on behalf of Govt. of Kerala andPrinted at Orange Printers Pvt. Ltd (for GLM), Pulimood, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala - 695 001 and Published at Directorate of Panchayats,

Museum P.O., Thiruvananthapuram - 695 033, Kerala. Editor: C.A. Latha IAS

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