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NGHIN CU KHOA HC ti:NGHIN CU MT S PHNG PHP DCH THUT NG KINH DOANH XUT NHP KHU ANH-VITAN ANALYSIS OF THE METHODS FOR TRANSLATING EXPORT-IMPORT BUSINESS ENGLISH INTO VIETNAMESE

GVHD : L Vn B, M.A.SVTH: Nguyn Th Hng ViLp:10CNATM01

Nng, thng 4 nm 2014NGHIN CU MT S PHNG PHP DCH THUT NG KINH DOANH XUT NHP KHU ANH-VITAN ANALYSIS OF THE METHODS FOR TRANSLATING EXPORT-IMPORT BUSINESS ENGLISH INTO VIETNAMESENguyn Th Hng ViTm ttThut ng l lp t vng c bit trong mt ngn ng. Mi chuyn ngnh u c mt h thng thut ng vi nhng c trng ring. Da trn l thuyt dch ca Newmark, bi bo ny tp trung trnh by nhng phng php dch ph bin c s dng dch cc thut ng trong lnh vc kinh doanh xut nhp khu t ting Anh sang ting Vit. Kt qu phn tch s gip cho sinh vin ngnh Ting Anh thng mi d dng tip cn, hiu v dch cc thut ng ting Anh.T kha: Thut ng, dch thut, xut nhp khu, kinh t.AbstractTerminology is the special vocabulary layer in a language. Each professional specific field has its own terminology with its own characteristics. Based on Newmarks theory, this paper concentrates on methods for translating export-import business English into Vietnamese. The findings are expected to help Business English learner easily approach, comprehend and translate English terminology. Key words: Terminology, translation, export-import business, economic.

1. t vn T sau i Mi (1986), Vit Nam ang tng bc hi nhp vo nn kinh t th gii. Trong bi cnh ton cu ha hin nay, xut nhp khu tr thnh mt yu t quan trng trong nn kinh t quc gia, c xem l thc o nh gi s pht trin kinh t ca mt nc. thng thng vi cc nc, c nhiu ro cn m ngi kinh doanh phi vt qua, ng k nht l ro cn ngn ng, m trong thut ng chuyn ngnh ng vai tr v cng quan trng. C th thy vic xut nhp khu nc ta pht trin sau cc nc tin tin ni ting Anh, do phn ln cc khi nim chuynh ngnh u c du nhp vo nc ta thng qua dch thut. Phn ln cc thut ng ting Anh chuyn ngnh xut nhp khu u c dch ra ting Vit, c chp nhn v s dng rng ri. Tuy nhin, cng ging nh t vng, thut ng s xut hin ngy cng nhiu gii thch cho cc khi nim, nh ngha, cng c mi. Bi bo ny c vit nhm phn loi cc cch dch thut ng theo l thuyt Newmark ra v da vo , ngi c c th dch nhng thut ng mi xut hin mt cch d dng v chnh xc hn. 2. nh ngha2.1. Thut ngThut ng, nh gio s Hong Vn Honh [16] nh ngha l t ng dng biu th mt khi nim xc nh thuc h thng nhng khi nim ca mt ngnh khoa hc nht nh.2.2. Dch thutDch thut, theo Carford (1965: 20) [3], l vic thay th vn bn t mt ngn ng (ngn ng ngun) bng mt vn bn tng ng trong mt ngn ng khc (ngn ng ch). Hay theo Newmark [7], dch thut l din gii mt on vn bn sang mt ngn ng khc m vn gi c nh ban u khi vit ca tc gi.2.3. Phng php dch.3. Phng php dch thut ng ting Anh chuyn ngnh xut nhp khuV bi bo ny ch yu tp trung phn tch cc phng php dch thut ng, nn phng php dch trong bi u da theo nhm phng thc dch (procedures) m Newmark ra.Trong cun sch gio khoa v dch thut (A textbook of translation) Newmark lit k rt nhiu phng php dch k n nh: Dch st ngha (literal), vay mn (transference), tng ng (equivalent), dch sut (through-translation), chuyn i (transposition), bin thi (modulation), dch s dng nhng t c chp nhn (recognized translation), dch din gii (paraphrase), v.v.Tuy nhin, khc vi cc lp t vng khc, thut ng l n v t vng vi nhng c im ring bit, theo Mai Th Loan [17], l: tnh chnh xc, tnh nht qun, tnh xc tch, tnh h thng v tnh quc t. Do vy, s ch c vi phng php trong s c k tn trn c p dng dch thut ng.3.1. Phng thc mn t (Transference/loan)T hay cm t ngn ng gc c chuyn trc tip sang ngn ng ch m khng cn phi dch ra. Khi y, t c chuyn c gi l t mn. Vit Nam hu ht cc vn lin quan n xut nhp khu u c a vo t nc ngoi, ngha l hu ht chng ta u phi dch cc khi nim mi ra ting Vit. Nhng khng phi khi nim no cng c th dch c. b p l hng trong ngn ng y, ting Vit mn khng t t nc ngoi v s dng rng ri m khng cn dch ra nh container, marketing, email, bill, shipping, logistics, cartelBn cnh , cng c nhiu t vit tt c gi nguyn ging nh trong ngn ng gc vi gi nh rng ngi c u bit ngha ca chng, nh l: tn cc t chc quc t (ASIAN, GATT, ICC, IATA), n v tin t (USD, VND, JPY, EUR, GBP, AUD), iu khon, tha thun quc t (UCP).3.2. Phng thc dch sut (Through translation)Dch sut, theo Newmark l phng thc dch st ngha ca cc kt hp thng thng (common collocations), tn cc t chc (names of organizations), thnh phn ca cc t ghp (components of compounds). Nh vy, cu trc ng php ca cc t ng ny s c chuyn sang cu trc gn n ngn ng gc, nhng tng thnh phn ring l li c dch st theo ngha en. V d nh: T chc cc nc xut khu du m (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries), cnh tranh khng hon ho (imperfect competition)...Tuy nhin, v s khc bit v vn ha v quan nim, hin nhin s rt l tai khi thut ng c dch st ngha nh vy. Do , Newmark ni r ch nn s dng phng thc dch ny khi thut ng l cc cm t quen thuc , c s dng v chp nhn rng ri. Mt s v d nh: cc cht (dead freight), ha n lnh s (consular invoice), bn tay v hnh (The invisible hand), th trng vng (gold market), Nh Trng (The White House), iu khon ng bng (ice clause), cc sut m (open rate) 3.3. Phng thc chuyn i (Transposition)L phng thc dch thay i cu trc ng php gia ngn ng ngun v ngn ng ch. Newmark lit k bn loi chuyn i l: chuyn i gia s t, s nhiu hoc chuyn i gia v tr ca tnh t so vi danh t; chuyn i khi ngn ng ch khng tn ti cu trc ng php ngn ng ngun; chuyn i khi dch st ngha c th c chp nhn nhng khng c t nhin; v chuyn i nhm lp mt khong trng t vng bng cu trc ng php. Trong , chuyn i gia v tr ca tnh t l ph bin v d nhn thy nht. V tr tng quan gia tnh t trong ting Anh v ting Vit tri ngc nhau. Trong ting Anh, tnh t ng trc danh t, cn trong ting Vit, tnh t ng sau danh t, ngi dch khng c s la chn no khc ngoi vic chuyn i v tr cho tng thch vi ting Vit.Mt vi v d:Bilateral trade: Mu dch song phngCommercial bill: Hi phiu thng miCommon stock: Chng khon ph thngCompound interest: Li kpEffective protection: Bo h hu hiuFree trade: Thng mi t doNet export: Xut khu rngPro forma invoice: Ha n chiu l3.4. Phng thc tng ng (Equivalent)Tng ng l mt phng thc dch quan trng v n l qu trnh chuyn ngha ca thut ng t ngn ng ngun sang ngn ng gc vt qua ro cn ngn ng v vn ha. Cc phng thc dch nu trn t nhiu u da vo phng thc dch st ngha hoc mn trc tip t ting Anh, nhng khng phi tt c cc thut ng u c ngha chnh xc trong ngn ng gc v c th dch st theo ngha en. V d: Phng thc ghi s (open account), ti khon vng lai (current account), cng hi (freight conference), tin nhn ri (idle balances). Nhng thut ng ny mang nt vn ha v nt t duy ca ngn ng ngun, do thng kh c th dch theo ngha en. Ly final invoice lm v d, tuy c th c dch l ha n cui cng theo st ngha, nhng n li c dch v s dng ph bin vi t tng ng l ha n chnh thc, theo chc nng ca loi ha n ny.3.5. Phng thc din gii (Paraphrase)Trong nhiu trng hp, t ghp, c bit l cm danh t c cu trc ng ngha rt phc tp, m ngi dch khng th dch st ngha cng nh khng th tm c cm t c ngha tng ng trong ting Vit. Khi , ngi dch bt buc phi din gii ngha ca cm t ny, s dng phng php tng ng v chc nng v m t. Cn xc nh danh t chnh trc, ri phn tch cu trc ng php v quan h ng ngha gia cc thnh t ca cm t. Vic chm gii t thch hp gip ngi c d dng hnh dung c ngha ca cm t l mt vic kh khn.V d: Banks' cash-deposit ratio: T s gia tin mt v tin gi ca ngn hng Captive buyer: Ngi/ Ngn hng b buc phi mua mt s chng khon va pht hnh Clearing banks: Cc ngn hng thanh ton b tr Counter - vailing duty: Thu chng bo h giExcise duty: Thu tiu th c bitExempt goods: Hng ha c min thu gi tr gia tng Insurance premium: Tin ng bo himAt sight Bill: Hi phiu tr ngayAuthority to purchase (A/P): Th y thc muaBulk Carrier: Tu ch hng riCargo Outurn Reports (COR): Bin bn hng h hng v vi tu Certificate of short landed cargo (CSC): Giy chng nhn hng thiuContainer list: Bng k khai hng xp vo container Destination Delivery Charge: Ph ph giao hng ti cng nDelivered Duty Paid: Giao hng tr thuReport on Receipt of Cargo: Bin bn kim nhn hng vi tuTare weight: Trng lng ca containerValuation Charges:Ph chuyn ch theo gi4. Kt lunNm phng thc nu trn l nhng phng thc dch thut ng ting Anh chuyn ngnh kinh doanh xut nhp khu c s dng ph bin nht trong nhng trng hp khc nhau. Phng thc mn t l la chn n gin nht cho nhng t mi xut hin ngn ng ngun v khng c ngha tng ng ngn ng ch. Phng thc dch sut c s dng khi thut ng cn dch l nhng kt hp quen thuc, nhng cm t c chp nhn v s dng ngn ng ch. Phng thc chuyn i c s dng do s khc nhau trong cu trc ng php gia hai ngn ng. Phng thc tng ng l la chn khn ngoan khi c s khc bit vn ha gia hai ngn ng c th hin trong ng ngha ca thut ng. V cui cng, phng thc din gii s c dng n khi thut ng c cu trc ng ngha phc tp, khng th trc tip dch ra ngn ng ch. Nhng phng thc nu trn u chng t tnh u vit, d s dng ca chng, nhng khng phi lc no cng c th phn nh rch ri gia cc phng thc dch. i khi, cn c s kt hp gia hai hay nhiu phng thc thu c kt qu ti u. V trn ht ngi dch cn c kin thc v chuyn ngnh kinh doanh xut nhp khu cng nh hiu r c ngha gc ca thut ng cn dch mi c th truyn ti chnh xc ni dung ng ngha ca thut ng sang ngn ng ch.

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