PHUONG_PHAP_GIAI_HOA_HC_HAY_BAI_TAP_AP_DUNG[1]

8/7/2019 PHUONG_PHAP_GIAI_HOA_HC_HAY_BAI_TAP_AP_DUNG[1]

1/7

Bi tp Hirocacbon no

Cu 1 B tcphn ng :a) Al Al4C3 metan metylcloruametylenclorua clorofom tetraclometan.

b) Axit axetic natraxetat metan metylclorua etan etilen.c) butan etan etylclorua butan propen propan.

Cu 2 c tn, vit CTCT ng phn.a) Vit cc cng thc cc cht sau:1) 4_ etyl_3,3_ dimetylhexan 2) 1_brom_2_clo_ 3_metylpentan3) 1,2_ diclo_1_metylxiclohexan 4) 1_brm_2_metyl xiclopentan

b) c tn quc t cc cht sau:1) CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH3 2) CH3 CH2 C(CH3)33) CH3 CHBr CH2 CH(C2H5 ) CH3 4) CH3CH2CH(C2H5)CBr(CH3)CH(CH3)2

Cu 3 Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to c th c v gi tn theo danh php thay th cc chttrong mi trng hp sau:a) Ankan A c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 36

b) Ankan A c cng thc n gin nht l C2H5c) t chy hon ton 1 lit ankan sinh ra 2 lit CO2d) t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon (A) thu c 17,6 gam CO2 v 9 gam H2O.e) t chy hon ton mt ankan (B) vi lng O2 va th thy tng s mol trc v sau phn ng bngnhau. Xc nh CTPT ca B.f) t chy hon ton 0,86 gam ankan E th cn va 3,04 gam oxi

g) Mt ankan F c C% = 80%.h) t chy hon ton hirocacbon G sn phm ln lc cho qua bnh ng P2O5 v Ca(OH)2 lm khilng cc bnh ny ln lc tng 0,9 gam v 1,76 gam.i) C 3 ankan A, B, C lin tip nhau. Tng s phn t khi ca chng l 132. Xc nh CTPT ca A, B, C

Cu 4. Mt ankan to c dn xut monoclo trong clo chim 33,33% v khi lng. Xc nh CTPT caankan. p s: C5H12

Cu 5. Mt ankan to c dn xut monobrom trong brom chim 73,39% v khi lng. Xc nh CTPT caankan. p s: C2H6

Cu 6. Ankan X c cacbon chim 83,33% khi lng phn t. X tc dng vi brom un nng c chiu sng c thto 4 dn xut ng phn cha mt nguyn t brom trong phn t. Xc nh CTCT v tn X. p s: C5H12

Cu 7. Cho ankan A tc dng brom thu c mt dn xut cha brom c t khi i vi khng kh bng 5,207. Xcnh CTCT v gi tn ca ankan A. p s: C5H12

Cu 8. Mt ankan phn ng vi clo theo t l mol 1 : 2 thu c sn phm cha 83,53% clo v khi lng. CTPTca ankan l g? p s: CH4

Cu 9. Cho 5,6 lt ankan kh (27,3 oC v 2,2 atm) tc dng vi clo ngoi nh sng ch to mt dn xut clo duy nhtc khi lng l 49,5 gam.a. Xc nh CTCT c th c ca ankan. p s: C2H6

b. Xc nh % th tch ca ankan v clo trong hn hp u. Bit t khi hi ca hn hp so vi H2 bng30,375.

Dng ton: DA VO PHN NG CHY ANKANPhng php cn nhPhn ng t chy c dng:

CnH2n+2 +3 1

2

n +O2 nCO2 + n+1 H2O

Suy ra: ankan khi chy cho2 2CO H O

n n ntrc Psau > Ptrc Msau < M trc (v mtrc = msau)

V d: C3H8ot , xt CH4 + C2H4 nsau = 2. ntrc

Cu 1. Crakinh hon ton mt ankan khng phn nhnh X thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi hi i vi H2 l 18.

Xc nh CTCT ca X. p s: C5H12Cu 2. (TSDH A 2008) Khi crackinh ton b mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc th tch kho cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 12 . Cng thc phn t cu X? p s:C5H12

2

n m x mol m x= =

m n y mol n y


3/7

Bi tp Hirocacbon no

Cu 3. Crackinh 560 lt C4H10 thu c 1010 lt hn hp kh X khc nhau. Bit th tch cc kh u o (kc). Tmth tch C4H10 cha b cracking v hiu sut ca phn ng cracking. p s: 110 lt ; 80,36%

Cu 4. Crackinh C4H10 thu c hn hp gm 5 hydrocacbon c t khi hi i vi kh hydro l 16,325. Tnh hiusut ca phn ng cracking. p s: 77,64%

Cu 5. Crackinh 5,8 gam C4H10 c hn hp kh X. Tm khi lng nc thu c khi t chy hon ton hnhp X. p s: 9 gam

Cu 6. Nhit phn metan thu c hn hp X gm C2H2 ; CH4 ; H2. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 5. Tm hiu sutca qa trnh nhit phn. p s: 60%

Bi tp tng hp: XICLOANKANCu 1. Vit CTCT v gi tn cc monoxicloankan c CTPT C4H8 ; C5H10 ; C6H12Cu 2. t chy hon ton 1 mol hydrocacbon X cho 4 mol CO2 v 4 mol H2O. X khng c kh nng lm mt mu

nc brom. Xc nh CTCT ca X.Cu 4. Oxi ha hon ton 0,224 lt (kc) xicloankan A, ri cho sn phm chy vo dd Ca(OH)2 d c 4 gam kt

ta. Xc nh CTCT ca A v gi tn bit A khng lm mt mu dd brom.Cu 5. t chy hon ton 2,24 lt (kc) xicloankan c 7,2 gam H2O. Bit X khng lm mt mu dd brom. Xc

nh CTCT ca X.Cu 6. t chy ht 0,2 mol hn hp A gm mt ankan v 1 xicloankan, sau phn ng thu c 11,2 lit CO2

(ktc) v 9,9 gam H2O. Thnh phn % th tch ca xicloankan trong A l:Cu 7. Hn hp B gm mt ankan v 1 xicloankan. Dn m g B qua bnh cha nc brom d th khi lng bnh

tng 4,2 gam. t chy hon ton m gam B thu c 11,2 lit CO2 (ktc) v 10,8 gam H2O. Thnh phn %

khi lng ankan trong B l.Cu 8. Hn hp A gm mt ankan v 1 xicloankan, t chy 0,15 mol hn hp X thu c 0,35mol CO2 0,45 mol

H2O. Cng thc phn t hai hidrocacbon l:

Bi tp

LUYN TP V HIROCACBON KHNG NO

Cu 1: ng vi cng thc phn t C5H12 c s ng phn cu to bng

A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 2: Anken X c t khi so vi hiro bng 28, khi tc dng vi nc (xc tc axit) thu

c ancol c cu to duy nht. Cng thc cu to ca X l

A. CH2=CH2. B. CH2=CHCH2CH3.

C. CH3CH=CHCH3. D. CH2=C(CH3)2.

Cu 3: S hirocacbon ng phn cu to c cng cng thc phn t C4H8 l

A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 5.Cu 4: Trong phn t hirocacbon thm X c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 90,57%.

S ng phn cu to tha mn c im ca X l

A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 5: Ankan X c cng thc phn t C5H12 khi tc dng vi clo to c 4 dn xut

monoclo. Tn gi ca X l

A. pentan. B. 2-metylbutan.

C. 2,2-imetylpropan. D. 2,2-imetylbutan.

3


4/7

Bi tp Hirocacbon no

Cu 6: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C6H6 mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. Khi cho 1 mol X tc

dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thy to ra 292 gam kt ta. Cng thc cu to ca X l

A. CH C-C C-CH2-CH3 B. CH C-CH2- CH2-C CH

C. CH C-CH(CH3)-C CH D. CH C-C C-CH2-CH3

Cu 7: Q l hn hp gm mt ankan v mt ankin. T khi ca Q so vi hiro l 17,5. t

chy hon ton mt lng bt k hn hp Q u thu c kh cacbonic v hi nc vi

s mol bng nhau. Bit hn hp Q khng tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3.Cng

thc cu to ca ankan v ankin ln lt l

A. CH4, CH C-CH3 B. CH4, CH3-C C-CH3

C. C2H6, CH C-CH3 D. C2H6, CH3-C C-CH3

Cu 8: Hn hp X gm hai hirocacbon thuc loi ankan, anken hoc ankin c t l mol l

1:1. t chy hon ton 6,72 lt X (ktc) ri cho tt c sn phm chy hp th hon

ton vo bnh ng nc vi trong d, thy khi lng bnh tng thm 46,5 gam v

c 75 gam kt ta. Hn hp X gm:

A. 2 ankan. B. 1 anken v 1 ankin

C. 1 ankan v 1 ankin D. 1 ankan v 1 anken

Cu 9: Cho mt hirocacbon X tc dng vi Br2 thu c sn phm hu c duy nht c cng thc phn

t l C2H4Br2; hirocacbon Y tc dng vi hi Br2 c th to ra hai sn phm c cng thc phn t

C2H4Br2. X v Y l

A. C2H4 v C2H6 B. C2H6 v C2H2

C. C2H2 v C2H4 D. C2H4 v C2H2

Cu 10: Hirat ho hon ton 1 mol anken X thu c 74 g hn hp Q gm hai ancol.

Cho Q tc dng vi CuO (t0) th ch c mt cht sinh ra anehit tng ng. Cng

thc cu to ca X lA. CH2=CH-CH-CH3 B. CH3-CH=CH-CH3

C. CH3)2C=CH-CH3 D. (CH3)2C=CH2

Cu 11: Hp cht no di y c ng phn cis - trans ?

A. but-1-en. B. 2-metylbut-2-en.

C. penta-1,3-ien. D. 2-metylbuta-1,3-ien.

Cu 12: t chy ht mt lng hn hp gm C4H

10, C

2H

4, C

3H

6v C

4H

6cn V lt oxi (ktc) thu c

8,96 lt CO2 (ktc) v 7,2 g H2O. Gi tr ca V l

A. 13,44 lt. B. 17,92 lt.

4


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Bi tp Hirocacbon no

C. 8,96 lt. D. 15,68 lt.

Cu 13: Cho 448 ml hn hp X gm etan, etilen v hiro i qua ng ng Ni nung nng,

sau phn ng hon ton thu c 336 ml hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b lng hn hp

Y trn vo dung dch brom d, sau phn ng thy khi lng bnh ng brom tng

0,14 g. Bit th tch cc kh u o iu kin tiu chun. Thnh phn % v th tch

ca etan, etilen, hiro trong hn hp X ln lt l

A. 25%, 50%, 25%. B. 50%, 25%, 25%.

C. 25%, 25%, 50%. D. 50%, 30%, 20%.

Cu 14: Mt hn hp gm C2H2 v ankin X c t l mol l 1:1. Ly mt lng hn hp

trn chia lm 2 phn bng nhau:

- Phn (1): Tc dng va vi 8,96 lt H2 (ktc) to ra ankan.

- Phn (2): Tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to ra 40,1g kt ta.

Cng thc cu to ca X l

A. CH C-CH2-CH3. B. CH3-C C-CH3.

C. CH C-CH3. D. CH C-CH2-CH2-CH3.

Cu 15: S ng phn mch nhnh ca C6H14 l

A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 3

Cu 16: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hirocacbon X thu c 11,2 lt CO2 (ktc) v 9 gam

H2O. Phn t A1 ch c lin kt n. X tc dng vi clo c nh sng chiu vo thu

c duy nht 1 dn xut c cha 1 nguyn t clo trong phn t. Tn gi ca X l

A. pent-1-en. B. xiclobutan.

C. metylxiclobutan. D. xiclopentan

Cu 17: C th phn bit nhanh stiren v phenylaxetilen bng

A. dung dch Br2. B. dung dch KMnO4.

C. dung dch AgNO3/NH3. D. kh oxi d.

Cu 18: Cho mt hirocacbon no tc dng vi dung dch Br2/CCl4 phn ng theo t l 1:1

v s mol, to ra mt dn xut brom vi hm lng brom l 79,2%. Tn ca

hirocacbon l

A. xiclobutan. B. but-1-en.

C. xiclopropan. D. etan.

Cu 19: Cng thc tng qut CnH2n-6 tng ng vi dy ng ng no sau y?

5


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Bi tp Hirocacbon no

A. Hirocacbon mch h c 3 lin kt i.

B. Hirocacbon mch h c 1 lin kt i v 1 lin kt ba.

C. Hirocacbon mch h c 2 lin kt i.

D.Hirocacbon c 3 ni i v 1 vng no.

Cu 20: Hirocacbon Y c cng thc C5H8, cu to mch phn nhnh v c phn ng tokt ta vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3. Cng thc cu to ca Y l

A. CH C-CH2-CH2-CH3. B. CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2.

B. CH3-C(CH3)=C=CH2. D.CH C-CH(CH3)-CH3.

Cu 21: Bn hirocacbon T1, T2, T3, T4 mch h thuc cc dy ng ng khc nhau, c

cng thc phn t ln lt l C3H8, C2H4, C3H4 v C4H6, trong T4 c th to kt ta

vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3. Cng thc cu to tng ng ca cc cht T1, T2, T3, T4 lA. CH3-CH2-CH3, CH2=CH2, CH2=C=CH2, CH C-CH2-CH3.

B. CH3-CH2-CH3, CH2=CH2, CH C-CH3, CH C-CH2-CH3.

C. CH3-CH2-CH3, CH2=CH2, CH C-CH3, CH2=CH-CH=CH2.

D. CH3-CH2-CH3, CH2=CH2, CH C-CH3, CH2=C=CH-CH3.

Cu 22: Trn 3 th tch CH4 vi 2 th tch hirocacbon X thu c hn hp kh c t khi

so vi H2 bng 15,6. Cng thc phn t ca X lA. C4H6. B. C4H8. C. C4H10. D. C4H4.

Cu 23: t chy hon ton hn hp Q gm mt ankan c nhnh X v mt ankin Y thu

c kh cacbonic v hi nc vi s mol bng nhau. T khi ca hn hp Q so vi

hiro l 21. Cng thc phn t ca X v Y ln lt l

A. C3H8, C3H4. B. C4H10, C2H2.

C. C5H10, C2H2. D. C2H2,C2H6.Cu 24: C th phn bit nhanh 2 ng phn mch h, cha mt lin kt bi ca C4H6 bng

thuc th l

A. dung dch HCl. B. dung dch AgNO3/NH3

C. dung dch Br2. D. dung dch KMnO4.

Cu 25: Hp cht no di y c ng phn cis - trans ?

A. but-1-en. B. isobut-2-en.

C. but-2-en. D. 2-imetylbuten.

Cu 25: ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10 c s ng phn cu to mch h bng

6


7/7

Bi tp Hirocacbon no

A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 27: Anken X c t khi so vi hiro bng 28, khi tc dng vi nc (xc tc axit) thu

c ancol c cu to duy nht. Cng thc cu to ca X l

A. CH2=CH2. B. CH2=CHCH2CH3.

C. CH3CH=CHCH3. D. CH2=C(CH3)2.

Cu 28: S hirocacbon mch h ng phn cu to c cng cng thc phn t C4H8 l

A. 5. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.

Cu 29: Trong phn t hirocacbon thm X c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng

90,57%. Khi tc dng vi brom un nng khng c bt st, X to c s dn xut

monobrom ng phn cu to ca nhau l

A. 3. B. 2. C. 5. D. 4.

Cu30: Ankan X c cng thc phn t C5H12 khi tc dng vi clo to c 1 dn xutmonoclo duy nht. Tn gi ca X l

A. pentan. B. 2,2-imetylpropan.

C. 2-metylbutan. D. 2,2-imetylbutan.

Cu 31: t chy ht mt lng hn hp gm C4H10, C2H4, C3H6 C4H6 cn V lt oxi (ktc) thu c 8,96

lt CO2 (ktc) v 7,2 g H2O. Gi tr ca V l

A. 13,44 lt. B. 17,92 lt. C. 8,96 lt. D. 15,68 lt.

Cu 32: Mt hn hp gm C2H2 v ankin X c t l mol l 1:1. Ly mt lng hn hptrn chia lm 2 phn bng nhau:

- Phn (1) tc dng va vi 8,96 lt H2 (ktc) to ra ankan.

- Phn (2) tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 va to ra 40,1g kt ta.

Cng thc cu to ca X l

A. CH C-CH2-CH3. B. CH3-C C-CH3.

C. CH C-CH3. D. CH C-CH2-CH2-CH3.Cu 33: S ng phn mch nhnh c cng thc phn t C6H14 l

A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 3

Cu 34: Cho s bin ho sau (mi mi tn ng vi mt phn ng)

Cht hu c X Cht hu c Y Cht hu c Z Polibutaien

+H2( Ni,t0) +O2(men gim)

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PHUONG_PHAP_GIAI_HOA_HC_HAY_BAI_TAP_AP_DUNG[1]