Upload
xaxamikos
View
6
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
ε2ε2ε2ε2
Citation preview
2
()
70%
, , ,
Figure 15.6
7
6 (4 , 2 )
2
3
,
, ,
( , ) : + ()
2 : ()
( 7 ) ( ,
)
( )
-
2
(D) D=(n2-n1)/r n1: 1 n1: 2 r: m
~ 60 D, , 24 mm
Figure 15.17a
,
~>7 m
:
, ,
E ,
M
Problems of Refraction
Figure 15.18
,
(
)
( )
3 3
Light
Figure 15.14
(~16:1)
: = +
> 100x106 1x106
-
:
H
: : 1:1:1
(Phototransduction)
O ( )
Baylor et al, >106 +
1 ?
( A)
: 11-cis and all-trans
Chemistry of Visual Pigments
Figure 15.20
, . cis-
,
(o + 11-cis )
all-trans +
( , bleaching of the pigment)
ll-trans 11-cis
11-cis A
11-cis + =>
Figure 15.21
( + o)
3 : blue, green, and red ( )
3
all-trans ,
G (transducin)
(PDE)
PDE cGMP GMP +
cGMP, , ,
Phototransduction
Figure 15.22
(d-30000 molecules/m2)
~109
+
G
(11-cis-form)
( ) :
(~80% )
: ( , )
2 => 2 ( ) =>
2
, ( )
On-center
Off-center -
on off
:
Figure 15.24
: