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JU UNIVERZITET U TUZLI RUDARSKO-GEOLOŠKO-GRAĐEVINSKI FAKULTET ODSJEK: GRAĐEVINSKI ŠKOLSKA: 2006./2007.
PUTEVI I
(Auditorna predavanja iz puteva I, V-ti semestar)
Tuzla, januar 2007.godine
Univerzitet u Tuzli PUTEVI I RGGF – Građevinski odsjek 2007 predavanja
SADRŽAJ
SADRŽAJ .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 HISTORIJSKI RAZVOJ PUTEVA .................................................................................................................... 3 KLASIFIKACIJA PUTEVA ................................................................................................................................ 4 GRADSKE ULICE - CESTE ............................................................................................................................... 5 ELEMENTI PUTA ............................................................................................................................................... 5 PROJEKTNI PARAMETRI PUTA .................................................................................................................. 6 NAJVEĆA DOZVOLJENA DIMENZIJA VOZILA......................................................................................... 7 NAJVEĆA DOZVOLJENA OPTEREĆENJA .................................................................................................. 7 RAČUNSKA BRZINA.......................................................................................................................................... 8 PROJEKTNO VOZILO I USLOVI MANEVRISANJA ............................................................................... 9 ZAŠTITNA ŠIRINA – DODATAK ZA MANEVRISANJE............................................................................ 11 ZAŠTITNA ŠIRINA SAOBRAĆAJNOG PROFILA ...................................................................................... 11 MINIMALNI RADIJUSI OKRETANJA VOZILA ......................................................................................... 12 OTPORI KRETANJU VOZILA ....................................................................................................................... 13 OTPOR KLIZANJU ........................................................................................................................................... 13 OTPORI NAGIBA .............................................................................................................................................. 14 OSNOVNI PROJEKTNI PARAMETRI VEZANI ZA KRETANJE VOZILA ............................................ 14 OTPORI ZRAKA ............................................................................................................................................... 15 USILJENO - FORSIRANO KOČENJE VOZILA ........................................................................................... 17 VERTIKALNO UBRZANJE ............................................................................................................................. 18 PODUŽNI UDAR VOZILA ............................................................................................................................... 18 BOČNI UDAR ..................................................................................................................................................... 18 ROTACIJA .......................................................................................................................................................... 18 POTREBNO POMIJERANJE........................................................................................................................... 18 DUŽINA PRETICANJA .................................................................................................................................... 18 PLANIRANJE PUTNE MREŽE ....................................................................................................................... 19 NIVO USLUŽENOSTI ....................................................................................................................................... 21 POPREČNI PRESJEK PUTA ........................................................................................................................... 21 ELEMENTI POPREČNOG PRESJEKA ......................................................................................................... 23 SAOBRAĆAJNE TRAKE .................................................................................................................................. 23 KONSTRUKTIVNI ZAHTJEVI ....................................................................................................................... 24 ELEMENTI ISKOLIČENJA HORIZONTALNIH KRIVINA ...................................................................... 25 HORIZONTALNE KRIVINE SA KRUŽNIM LUKOM ................................................................................ 25 RAZDJELNE TRAKE I IVIČNE TRAKE ...................................................................................................... 26 BANKINE ............................................................................................................................................................ 27 TRAKE ZA ZAUSTAVLJANJE ....................................................................................................................... 27 TRAKE ZA SPORU VOŽNJU .......................................................................................................................... 28 TRAKE ZA USPORAVANJE ........................................................................................................................... 28 TRAKE ZA VOZILA JAVNOG SAOBRAĆAJA ........................................................................................... 28 BICIKLISTIČKE STAZE.................................................................................................................................. 28 PJEŠAČKE STAZE ............................................................................................................................................ 28 TRAKE ZA PARKIRANJE ............................................................................................................................... 28 RAZDJELNE TRAKE ....................................................................................................................................... 29 BERME ................................................................................................................................................................ 29 IVIČNJACI ......................................................................................................................................................... 29 ZAŠTITNA OGRADA PORED PUTA ............................................................................................................. 29 KOSINE ............................................................................................................................................................... 31 HORIZONTALNO VOĐENJE LINIJE NIVELETE ..................................................................................... 32 PRAVCI ............................................................................................................................................................... 32 POPREČNI NAGIB KOLOVOZA U PRAVCU .............................................................................................. 32 KRUŽNA KRIVINA ........................................................................................................................................... 34 POLUPREČNIK HORIZONTALNE KRIVINE ............................................................................................. 35 PRELAZNE KRIVINE ...................................................................................................................................... 36 DUŽINA I PRIMJENA PRELAZNIH KRIVINA ........................................................................................... 39 HORIZONTALNA KRIVINA SA KRUŽNIM LUKOM I PRELAZNIM KRIVINAMA ........................... 40 SERPENTINE – ZAOKRETNICE ................................................................................................................... 41 VERTIKALNO VOĐENJE LINIJE NIVELETE ............................................................................................ 42 UZDUŽNI NAGIB NIVELETE ......................................................................................................................... 42
Univerzitet u Tuzli PUTEVI I RGGF – Građevinski odsjek 2007 predavanja
VERTIKALNE KRIVINE ................................................................................................................................. 43 ELEMENTI ISKOLČENJA VERTIKALNIH KRIVINA .............................................................................. 44 UDOBNOST PUTNIKA ..................................................................................................................................... 45 MOGUĆNOST ODVODNJAVANJA ............................................................................................................... 46 SMANJENJE DUŽINE PREGLEDNOSTI ZBOG OGRANIČENJA VERTIKALNOG SLOBODNOG PROFILA ............................................................................................................................................................. 46 PROŠIRENJE KOLOVOZA U KRIVINI ........................................................................................................ 46 VITOPERENJE KOLOVOZA .......................................................................................................................... 47 OSIGURANJE PREGLEDNOSTI U HORIZONTALNIM KRIVINAMA .................................................. 47 ESTETSKO OBLIKOVANJE TRASE PUTA ................................................................................................. 48 PROSTORNO VOĐENJE TRASE PUTA ....................................................................................................... 50 POSTUPAK ODREĐIVANJA POLOŽAJA PUTA ........................................................................................ 51 FAZE IZRADE PROJEKTA PUTA ................................................................................................................. 52 IDEJNI PROJEKAT PUTA ............................................................................................................................... 53 GLAVNI PROJEKAT PUTA ............................................................................................................................ 53 ARHIVSKI PROJEKAT .................................................................................................................................... 54 POLAGANJE TRASE PUTA ............................................................................................................................ 54 PRORAČUN ZEMLJANIH MASA .................................................................................................................. 59 OBRAČUN POPREČNIH PROFILA ............................................................................................................... 59 UZDUŽNA RASPODJELA ............................................................................................................................... 59 PROJEKTOVANJE KOSINA USJEKA I NASIPA ........................................................................................ 61 ČIŠĆENJE I PRIPREMA TERENA ZA IZGRADNJU ................................................................................. 64 ODVODNJAVANJE PUTEVA ......................................................................................................................... 65 ODVODNJAVANJE TAMPONSKOG SLOJA ............................................................................................... 65 DRENAŽE ........................................................................................................................................................... 66 DRENAŽNI PODKOPI ...................................................................................................................................... 68 HORIZONTALNO BUŠENE DRENAŽE ........................................................................................................ 68 UPIJAJUĆI BUNARI ILI BUŠOTINE ............................................................................................................. 69 OSIGURANJE ODVODNJE KOD MALIH UZDUŽNIH NAGIBA ............................................................. 70 ZAŠTITA KOSINA ............................................................................................................................................ 71 POTPORNI ZIDOVI .......................................................................................................................................... 72 OBLOŽNI ZIDOVI ............................................................................................................................................ 73 ZAŠTITA PUTEVA OD MRAZA ..................................................................................................................... 73 NASIPANJE I POSTUPCI IZGRADNJE NASIPA ........................................................................................ 74 OSNOVA NASIPA – PODTLO ......................................................................................................................... 75 SLIJEGANJA TLA U OSNOVI NASIPA ........................................................................................................ 75 POSTUPCI IZGRADNJE NASIPA .................................................................................................................. 75 IZGRADNJA NASIPA UZ OBJEKTE ............................................................................................................. 80 POSTUPCI ISPITIVANJA DEFORMABILNOSTI SLOJEVA .................................................................... 81 OPIT STATIČKIM PENETOMETROM......................................................................................................... 81 OPIT MIKROSEIZMIČKIM SONDAMA ...................................................................................................... 82 LABORATORIJSKA ISPITIVANJA ............................................................................................................... 82 OPIT IDENTIFIKACIJE I DRUGI ZNAČAJNI PARAMETRI ................................................................... 82 OBIM KONTROLNIH ISPITIVANJA ............................................................................................................ 82
