Qly_HocSinh

8/3/2019 Qly_HocSinh

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I HC THI NGUYN

TRNG I HC S PHM

KHOA TON

BI TP LN MN

CNG NGH PHN MM

ti:

QUN L HC SINH

TRNG THPT L NHN H NAM

Gio vin hng dn:

TS. Nguyn Mnh c

Sinh vin thc hin:Nhm 8

Trn Th Phng Dung

Lu Ngc DngQun Th Hng

M Dng Tip

Nguyn Th Thu Trang

Thi Nguyn, 2011

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Mc lc

M t bi ton ...................................................................................................5

..........................................................................................................................7

LI NI U..................................................................................................7

CHNG 1: KHO ST V PHN TCH...................................................9

HIN TRNG...................................................................................................9

1.1. Kho st tnh hnh thc t ti trng.....................................................91.1.1. Gii thiu v trng.......................................................................9

1.1.2. M hnh t chc...........................................................................10

1.1.3. Kho st thc t............................................................................10

1.1.4. H thng qun l c v d n h thng qun l mi....................111.1.4.2. H thng qun l mi:............................................................12

1.2. Gii thiu bi ton...............................................................................121.3. u t v nh ti tr............................................................................12

CHNG 2: LP K HOCH D N........................................................14

PHN MM...................................................................................................14

2.1. Gii thiu.............................................................................................142.1.1. Phm vi, i tng, ni dung nghin cu....................................14

2.1.2. Mc tiu d n..............................................................................14

2.1.2.1. Mc tiu.................................................................................142.1.2.2. Phm vi phn mm................................................................152.1.2.3. Chc nng ca d n.............................................................162.1.2.4. Vn hiu nng...................................................................162.1.2.5. Rng buc qun l..................................................................17

2.2. c lng d n..................................................................................172.2.1. D liu lch s c dng cho c lng....................................17

2.2.2. K thut c lng.......................................................................17

2.2.3. c lng.....................................................................................19

2.3. Ri ro ca d n..................................................................................192.3.1. Xc nh ri ro..............................................................................20

2.3.2. c lng ri ro...........................................................................22

2.3.3. nh gi ri ro..............................................................................23

2.3.4. Qun l ri ro...............................................................................232.4. Lp lch................................................................................................25

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2.4.1. Cu trc phn vic d n..............................................................25

2.4.2. Mng nhim v.............................................................................26

2.4.3. S ng thi gian..................................................................27

2.5. Ti nguyn d n.................................................................................28

2.5.1. Con ngi.....................................................................................282.5.2. Phn cng v phn mm..............................................................29

2.5.2.1. Phn cng: ............................................................................292.5.2.2. Phn mm:.............................................................................29

2.6. T chc i ng ..................................................................................292.6.1. Cu trc nhm..............................................................................29

2.6.2. Lm bo co qun l.....................................................................29

2.7. Kim th v bo tr.............................................................................30CHNG 3: PHN TCH V THIT K

H THNG QUN L HC SINH..............................................................32

3.1. Phn tch h thng v chc nng.........................................................323.1.1. Xy dng phn mm qun l hc sinh phi h tr cc chc nng

sau y:....................................................................................................32

3.1.1.1. Qun l h s hc sinh, bng im v hc b ca hc sinh

trong qu trnh theo hc ti trng. ....................................................323.1.1.2. Qun l thng tin ca hc sinh trong qu trnh theo hc ticc nm, k hc...................................................................................343.1.1.3. Tng kt, tnh im cho hc sinh qua tng hc k, nm hc

theo lp, khi lp.................................................................................343.1.1.4. Tng kt, nh gi hc lc v hnh kim hc sinh theo cc

tiu chun ca B Gio dc v o to..............................................353.1.1.5. Tm kim thng tin................................................................373.1.1.6. Kt xut bo co, thng k qu trnh hc tp ca hc sinh.. .37

3.1.2. Phn quyn...................................................................................37

3.1.3. C ch bo mt:............................................................................38

3.1.4. Sao lu Phc hi:......................................................................38

3.2. Biu phn r chc nng..................................................................383.2.1. Qun l h s hc sinh, bng im v hc b ca hc sinh trong

qu trnh theo hc ti trng...................................................................38

3.2.2. Tng kt, nh gi hc lc v hnh kim hc sinh theo cc tiu

chun ca B Gio dc v o to.........................................................39

3.2.3. Kt xut bo co, thng k qu trnh hc tp ca hc sinh..........40

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3.3. Biu lung d liu.........................................................................403.4. M hnh lin kt..................................................................................41

3.4.1. Cc khi nim ca m hnh E/A...................................................41

3.4.2. Biu din m hnh thc th lin kt.............................................43

3.5. Phn tch d liu..................................................................................433.5.1. Mc ch v yu cu ca vic phn tch d liu..........................44

3.5.2. Cch tin hnh..............................................................................45

3.6. M hnh quan h..................................................................................46CHNG 4: CI T..................................................................................48

4.1. Gii thiu v h qun tr c s d liu Access....................................484.2. Ci t chng trnh............................................................................49

4.2.1. Mn hnh chnh ca h thng.......................................................49

4.2.2. Nhp thng tin hc sinh...............................................................49

4.2.3. Nhp im hc tp ca hc sinh...................................................50

4.2.4. Phn ban lp.................................................................................50

4.2.5. Phn cng lch ging dy.............................................................51

4.2.6. Chuyn lp cho hc sinh..............................................................51

4.2.7. Tm kim l lch hc sinh theo tn, m hc sinh..........................52

4.2.8. Tm kim l lch gio vin theo tn.............................................524.2.9. Thng k gio vin.......................................................................53

4.2.10. Thng k cc mn hc...............................................................53

4.2.11. Thng k kt qu hc tp...........................................................54

CHNG 5: KT THC D N.................................................................55

5.1. Rt kinh nghim..................................................................................555.2.Chuyn giao d n................................................................................555.3 a ch nhng ngi tham gia d n....................................................56

Kt lun...........................................................................................................56

TI LIU THAM KHO...............................................................................59

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M T BI TONM T BI TONQun l h s v im trng trung hc ph thng

Trong nh trng trung hc ph thng, mi hc sinh khi nhp trng phi

np mt b h s c nhn. Cc thng tin v tng hc sinh s c nh trngnm r thng qua h s v tin hnh lm th hc sinh cho tng hc sinh.

Mi hc k, mi hc sinh c th nhn c cc loi im: ming, 15 pht,

1 tit, im thi hc k ca tng mn. Cui hc k, nh trng tng kt im

trung bnh ca mn, ca tng hc k cho mi hc sinh. Hc sinh s nhn c

kt qu hc tp v nhn xt v thc hc tp v xp loi vo cui mi k v

c nm.Ban gim hiu c trch nhim cung cp cc quy nh tnh im, cc nh

gi xp loi, quy nh v khen thng k lut. Cui mi k hc, Ban gim hiu

nhn c cc bo co v tnh hnh chung ca tng lp v a ra quyt nh

khen thng cho tng tp th lp v c nhn hc sinh v ra quyt nh danh

sch ln lp.

Phiu thng tin c nhn gm cc thng tin sau:

H tn hc sinh: S hiu:

Ngy sinh: Ni sinh:

Gii tnh: Nam/ N

Dn tc: Tn gio:

Lp: Gio vin ch nhim:

H tn b: Ngh nghip:

H tn m: Ngh nghip:

Din chnh sch: in thoi(nu c):

Ghi ch:

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Bng im

M

mn

Tn

mn

GV dy im

chi tit

im

hc k

im

tng ktMing 15 pht 1 tit

im hc k I(II)im tng kt nm

Nhn xt v nh gi:

nh gi kt qu hc tp Nhn xt ca gio vin ch nhim:

Hc lc:xxx

Hnh kim:xxxxPht trin h thng qun l cc hot ng trn?

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LI NI U

Trong thi i ngy nay, tin hc tr nn ph bin vi mi ngi t mi

cp hc, t mi ngch-bc ca x hi. Cng vi s pht trin , mi phnmm ng dng tng ng vi tng chc nng c th cng ra i. Song,

khng th c c mt phn mm c th cung cp ht cc chc nng cho mi

cng vic, t cng vic k ton, qun l nhn vin n qun l nhn s, qun

l bn hng..... Bi, mi chc nng cn c mt yu cu ring, c nhng nt

c trng m khng phn mm no c th p ng c.

Do vy trong vic pht trin phn mm, s i hi khng ch l chnh xc,x l c nhiu nghip v m cn phi p ng cc yu cu khc nh: giao

din thn thin, s dng tin li, bo mt cao, tc x l nhanh,.

V d nh vic qun l im s ca hc sinh trong trng THPT. Nu c

s h tr ca tin hc th vic qun l t ton b h s hc sinh, lp hc, gio

vin n cc nghip v tnh im trung bnh, xp loi hc lc cho hc sinh tr

nn n gin, thun tin, nhanh chng v hiu qu hn. Ngc li cc cngvic ny i hi rt nhiu thi gian v cng sc m s chnh xc v hiu qu

khng cao, v hu ht u lm bng th cng kh vt v. Trong thc t, ti cc

trng hc cng tc qun l hc sinh ng mt vai tr ht sc quan trng, n

phn nh cht lng dy v hc cc trng THTH ni ring v cc trng

ni chung l qu trnh theo di v nh gi kt qu lao ng ca thy v

tr. Nu nh gi ng n s gip cho Ban gim hiu ch o mt cch hiu

qu v kch thch c phong tro thi ua dy, thi ua hc, ngc li nu

nh gi khng ng n s nh hng tiu cc n cht lng ging dy ca

thy v kt qu hc tp ca tr. Hin nay, cc trng b phn qun l im

v qun l h s, phi x l mt lng kh ln s sch giy t v cng vic

tnh ton im ca hc sinh nhng u lm bng phng php th cng n

thun v vy n chim rt ln thi gian v cng sc ca i ng ny. Mc d

cng sc b ra ln nhng hiu qu cng vic li khng cao v sai st ln. Do

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vy dn n tnh trng khng cng bng trong nh gi gia cc hc sinh vi

nhau v nh hng tiu cc n cht lng hc tp ca hc sinh v cht

lng ging dy ca nh trng. hn ch nhng thiu st trn, chng em

xy dng chng trnh Qun l hc sinh THPT ny gip b phn qun l

khc phc, gii quyt cng vic mt cch thun li, nhanh chng v trnh

c cc sai st trong qu trnh x l im ca hc sinh, gp mt phn b nh

vo vic ng dng tin hc vo trng hc phc v cho cng tc qun l ca

nh trng.

c s hng dn tn tnh ca thy gio Nguyn Mnh c v

xut pht t yu cu thc t ca trng THPH L Nhn chng em chn

ti "Qun L im ca hc sinh ti trng THPT L Nhn" lm ni dung

nghin cu.

Do thi gian hn ch v cha c kinh nghim nghin cu v thc hin,

nn ti cn nhiu thiu st. Chng em rt mong c s ng gp kin

ca thy c ti c hon thin hn. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n.

Nhm sinh vin thc hin:

Trn Th Phng DungLu Ngc Dng

Qun Th Hng

M Dng Tip

Nguyn Th Thu Trang

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CHNG 1: KHO ST V PHN TCHHIN TRNG

1.1. Kho st tnh hnh thc t ti trng

1.1.1. Gii thiu v trng

Trng THPT L Nhn c thnh lp t nm 1961. Nhng nm u

thnh lp trng c 5 lp 242 hc sinh v 13 thy c gio. Nhng nm hc

u tin trng phi hc nh nh cha Vnh Tr, cc thy c gio phi nh

nh dn. Sau nm hc u tin trng c UBND Huyn L Nhn cp t

v xy dng 9 phng hc cp 4 v mt dy nh tp th.

Thc hin phng chm Gio dc l s nghip ca qun chng nhn

dn c bit trn mng t vn hin giu truyn thng cch mng. Trng

cp 3 L Nhn, nay l trng THPT L Nhn nm trung tm huyn bn b

sng Chu, c nh nc u t xy dng 3 nh hc cao tng gm 33

phng t chun v nh hiu b phc v tt cho ging dy, hc tp v lm

vic.

Nm hc 2010-2011, nm u tin thc hin Ngh quyt i hi ng

cc cp, "Nm hc tip tc i mi qun l v nng cao cht lng gio dc";

nm hc tip tc thc hin c hiu qu cc cuc vn ng: "Hc tp v lm

theo tm gng o c H Ch Minh", cuc vn ng "Hai khng" vi 4 ni

dung, cuc vn ng "Mi thy gio, c gio l mt tm gng o c t

hc v sng to" v phong tro thi ua Xy dng trng hc thn thin, hc

sinh tch cc", thy v tr trng THPT L Nhn phn u hon thnh

xut sc nhim v nm hc, tt nghip 100%, nhiu em t bng kh ,gii; T l hc sinh trng tuyn i hc, Cao ng cao.

duy tr v gi vng thnh tch t c v tip tc vn ln

ginh nhng thnh tch mi nh trng cn c s phn u n lc ca i ng

gio vin v hc sinh.

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1.1.2. M hnh t chc

Trng c t chc vi m hnh ban gim hiu iu hnh v qun l

chung, gm:

- Thy hiu trng: Nguyn Hu Thng- 2 hiu ph: Thy Nguyn Mnh Cng v C L Th Mai Hoa.

- Thy Nguyn Vn Hu - B th on trng.

- C Phm Th Yn - ph trch on.

- H thng gio vin trong trng c chia lm 6 t chuyn mn:

+ T Ton_Tin;

+ T L_CN(KTCN)_TD;+ T Ha_Sinh_CN(KTNN);

+ T Vn_GDCD;

+ T S_Ngoi ng_a;

+ T Hnh Chnh: gm cc nhm Ti v; nhm Vn phng -

My tnh; nhm Th vin - Th nghim; nhm Y t; nhm bo v - Lao cng;

Trng THPT L Nhn c 36 lp cng lp, 2 lp ngoi cng lp vitng s hc sinh l 1627 t l 3 khi nh sau:

Khi 10: 13 lp vi 615 hc sinh.



1.1.3. Kho st thc t

Phng qun l qun l qu trnh o to trn my tnh, s dng cc

phn mm tin hc ph dng, nhng cha c phn mm no c xy dng

mt cch h thng v chuyn su phc v cho qu trnh qun l hc sinh.

Vic qun l hc sinh cn gp nhiu kh khn. Vic cp nht s thay i

chm, phi ty xo hay phi lm mi hon ton mi khi b sung hoc xo khi

c hc sinh chuyn trng hay c hc sinh chuyn ti mt rt niu thi gian,

nhiu khi dn ti li trong d liu lu tr.

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1.1.4. H thng qun l c v d n h thng qun l mi

Lu tr d liu gm:

Ton b hc b, s im, bng tt nghip ca hc sinh u c lu

gi v qun l ti phng vn th lu tr ton b bng s sch.

H s bo co quyt nh hoc mt s giy t khc do ng ch hiu

trng qun l.

Gio vin b mn cho im trong s im c nhn.

Lu tr im trong s ci tnh im trung bnh c k v c nm.

Trong s ci cn lu tr hnh kim xp loi hc lc cho hc sinh trong

mi k, c nm hc.

Lu tr thng tin l lch hc sinh nh: qu qun, h tn, ngy sinh,

gii tnh, a ch, ph huynh hc sinh(b v m), ngh nghip trn s sch,

giy t.

Giy t lu tr hc sinh chuyn i hoc chuyn n.

im do gio vin b mn cung cp, gio vin ch nhim ghi im

vo s ci ri tnh im trung bnh hc k v c nm sau gi im ln

phng gim hiu.

1.1.4.1. H thng qun l c:

+ u im: Vic theo di d dng, khng ph thuc vo my tnh,

khi khng c my tnh vn c th theo di, tnh ton, khng ph thuc vo

ngun in.

+ Nhc im: Vi phng php qun l im th cng nh vy ths mt thi gian mt sc v cn nhiu bt cp. Mt lp c nhiu hc sinh,

mt trng c rt nhiu lp. Nn vi phng php th cng rt cng knh,

vic thm, bt , xo, sa kh khn. Do thc t lu tr c th phi thm 1 s

thng tin qun l. Vi h thng c l rt kh khn. Nn i hi cn phi c

mt phn mm qun l im.

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1.1.4.2. H thng qun l mi:- u im:

+ Tnh ton im nhanh chng, chnh xc.

+ D dng qun l cc thng tin v hc sinh;+ D s dng;

+ Giao din thn thin vi ngi s dng;

+ C th cp nht, sa thng tin d dng, nhanh chng.

- Nhc im: Yu cu s u t cao.

1.2. Gii thiu bi ton

Nhn thy vic qun l hc sinh nh trn l kh khn, v phc tp. Do slng hc sinh qu ln. Vic lu tr cng knh. Do , cn phi c mt phn

mm qun l hc sinh. c bit l trong thi i cng nghi thng tin bng

n, vic s dng cng ngh thng tin vo qun l l ht sc cn thit, p ng

c y nhu cu cp nht, sa i v lu tr lng thng tin cc k ln.

Tin hc c a vo nh trng nh mt mn hc. Vy vic ng

dng tin hc l ht sc cn thit. hc sinh thy c nhng ng dng quantrng v cn thit ca tin hc t phc v cho vic dy v hc.

Vic ci tin qun l hc sinh theo phng thc s p ng c cc

yu cu m ra l:

- Rt ngn thi gian p ng c yu cu m cp trn yu cu,

cc thy c v hc sinh.

- Ti u d liu, thng tin qun l.

- Gim bt cng vic bn giao.

- a ra cc phng php qun l im nhanh v tt.

1.3. u t v nh ti trNhn thy c tm quan trng v s cn thit ca phn mm qun l,

Nh trng quyt nh xy dng phn mm qun l hc sinh.

thc thi k hoch trn nh trng thu cng ty Thit k v xydng phn mm ng dng BC thit k phn mm qun l hc sinh cho

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trng. Hiu trng nh trng n cng ty trao i v lm bn hp ng

d n vi cng ty . Sau khi tha thun, cng ty nhn hp ng v k

hoch d n. Sau cng ty n trao i vi chng ti v cc vn lin

quan n phn mm kinh ph. Chng ti nht tr nhn d n xy dng phn

mm qun l hc sinh cho trng THPT L Nhn t cng ty BC.

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CHNG 2: LP K HOCH D NPHN MM

2.1. Gii thiu

2.1.1. Phm vi, i tng, ni dung nghin cu

- Phm vi nghin cu: Trng PTTH L Nhn.

- i tng nghin cu: Ton b cn b nhn vin, cc thy c gio v

hc sinh trong Trng PTTH L Nhn.

- Ni dung nghin cu: Quy trnh qun l v nhn s, quy trnh qun l

o to hc sinh, quy trnh qun l trang thit b v c s vt cht k thut.

2.1.2. Mc tiu d n

2.1.2.1. Mc tiuMc tiu ca vic lp d n phn mm l cung cp mt khun kh cho

php nh qun l lp ra cc c lng hp l v ti nguyn, chi ph v lch

biu. Cc c lng ny c tin hnh bn trong mt khun kh thi gian

v gii hn lc ban u d n phn mm v cn c cp nht u n

trong tin trnh d n.Mc tiu c bn ca qun l d n ni chung l hon thnh cc cng vic

d n theo ng yu cu k thut v cht lng, trong phm vi ngn sch

c duyt v theo ng tin thi gian cho php.

Ba yu t: thi gian, ngun lc (c th l chi ph, ngun nhn lc ) v

cht lng c quan h cht ch vi nhau. Tm quan trng ca tng mc tiu

c th khc nhau gia cc d n, gia cc thi k i vi tng d n, nhngtu chung, t c tt i vi mc tiu ny thng phi hy sinh, mt trong

hai mc tiu kia. C th, trong qu trnh qun l d n thng din ra cc hot

ng nh i mc tiu. nh i mc tiu d n l vic hy sinh mt mc

tiu no thc hin tt hn cc mc tiu kia trong rng buc khng gian

v thi gian. Nu cng vic d n din ra theo ng k hoch th khng phi

nh i mc tiu. Tuy nhin, do nhiu nguyn nhn khch quan, cng nhch quan cng vic d n thng c nhiu thay i nn nh i l mt k

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nng quan trng ca nh qun l d n.

Mc tiu c th ca d n ny l: gip trng THPT Dng T Minh

qun l hc sinh trong trng. Chng ti xy dng phn mm ny nhm:

Tm hiu bi ton qun l hc sinh trong trng trung hc ph

thng v nhm hng ti tm hiu v xy dng nhng bi ton qun l mc

cao hn, p ng c nhng yu cu cao hn trong tng lai.

Xy dng c phn mm qun l hc sinh trng trung hc ph

thng ni chung v trng PTTH L Nhn ni ring nhm p ng cc yu

cu t ra trong giai on hin nay khi m khoa hc cng ngh ang pht

trin nh:

- Qun l cc thng tin v hc sinh mt cch d dng, tin dng

v khoa hc hn.

- m bo vic lu tr, cp nht thng tin, sa cha thng tin,

tm kim thng tin mt cch an ton, chnh xc v khoa hc, trnh hin tng

d tha d liu so vi cch qun l, lu tr trn giy nh trc dn dn

nhiu sai xt, vic sa i thng tin kh thc hin v mt rt nhiu thi gian,

khng khoa hc.

- Gim bt thi gian v cng sc trong cng tc qun l hc sinh

trong trng trung hc ph thng.

- Tn dng c kh nng lm vic ca my tnh cng nh

nhng thnh tu v khoa hc cng ngh hin nay trong cng tc qun l gio

dc.

2.1.2.2. Phm vi phn mmPhm vi phn mm m t chc nng, hiu sut, cc rng buc, giao din

v tin cy. Chc nng, hiu sut v rng buc phi c nh gi cng

nhau. Cng mt chc nng c th to ra s khc bit ln trong n lc pht

trin khi c xem xt trong hon cnh cc gii hn hon thin khc nhau.

Chc nng c m t trong phm vi s nh gi v trong mt s trng hp

c lm mn a ra mc u tin chi tit hn cho vic bt u c lng.

Bi v c c lng chi ph v lch biu u hng theo chc nng nn c ch

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hn c l c c mt mc phn r no . Cc xem xt v hiu sut bao

gm cc yu cu v tin trnh v thi gian p ng. Rng buc xc nh ra cc

gii hn p t ln phn mm bi phn cng bn ngoi, b nh c sn hay cc

h thng hin ang tn ti khc.

Kha cnh t chnh xc nht ca phm vi phn mm l tho lun v tin

cy. Vic o tin cy phn mm c tn ti, tuy nhin chng cn t c

dng ti giai on ny ca d n.

2.1.2.3. Chc nng ca d n- C th ha ch trng a cng ngh thng tin vo trong gio dc v

qun l gio dc.

- Thc hin vic qun l hc sinh vi mc tiu nh trn, v nhm

hng ti qun l tt c cc mt trong qun l gio dc nh qun l v nhn

s, qun l trang thit b v c s vt cht k thut...

2.1.2.4. Vn hiu nng- D n phn mm qun l hc sinh ti trng trung hc ph thng

Dng T Minh c xy dng hng ti gii quyt mc cao nht cc vn thc t trong qun l hc sinh trung nh vic qun l thng tin c nhn,

theo di kt qu hc tp, nh gi kt qu hc tp cng nh rn luyn o

c.

- Phn mm ny c xy dng da trn nhng h tr ca mt s phn

mm thng dng khc nhm m bo cng tc ging dy v qun l hc sinh

ca hu ht cc gio vin hin nay. Vic qun l tp trung trn my tnh cho

php ta c th cp nhp d liu, tm kim cc thng tin v hc sinh, gio vin,

mn hc mt cch d dng v chnh xc hn.

- T d n ny ta c th tin hnh cho cc trng khc c cng c ch

qun l hc sinh, cng nh vic nng cp phn mm nhm p ng thm mt

s yu cu khc, v cho php b sung khi c mt s nhng c ch c s thay

i nh.

- m bo tnh thn thin v d s dng.

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2.1.2.5. Rng buc qun l- V h thng my mc phi c cu hnh (tc l v k thut) phi p

ng c yu cu ca phn mm t ra ng thi phn mm cng phi

m bo tnh xc thc, st vi hin trng ca nh trng, quy ch, loi hnh

o to, trang thit b ca nh trng. Ngoi ra phn mm phi m bo v

cht lng v tnh kh thi cao.

- Rng buc v kinh t phi m bo vi qu kinh t m nh trng t

ra khi quyt nh xy dng phn mm, mt khc d n c th c trin khai

trn c s vt cht hin c ca trng c th l h thng my tnh ca trng,

lc lng trin khai c th ly trc tip t i ng gio vin ging dy trong

trng.

2.2. c lng d n

2.2.1. D liu lch s c dng cho c lng

Trc khi lp k hoch d n phn mm qun l im, nh trng c

mt s thng tin, d liu nh bng im ca hc sinh qua cc k, cc nm,

danh sch mn hc, danh sch gio vin ging dy trong trngBn cnh cn c cc quy nh v cch tnh im, mt s phn mm

s dng t trcTt c nhng yu t ny s gip cho vic thit k phn

mm mi thun li hn, gim bt c mt s kh khn do yu t ch quan

em li.

2.2.2. K thut c lng

Chi ph phn mm bao gm mt phn trm nh ca ton b chi ph cho h

thng da trn my tnh. Mt li lm ln trong cc c lng chi ph phn

mm c th tng i t nh hng. Ngy nay, phn mm l mt yu t tn

km trong nhiu h thng da trn my tnh. Li lm c lng chi ph ln c

th to ra chnh lch gia li nhun v tht thot. c lng v chi ph v

cng sc phn mm khng th no cho mt kt qu chnh xc c bi c

qu nhiu tham bin (con ngi, k thut, mi trng, chnh tr) nh hngn chi ph chung ca phn mm v cng sc cn pht trin n. Tuy vy

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vic c lng d n phn mm c th c bin i t mt ngh thut thnh

mt dy cc bc h thng a ra cc c lng vi ri ro chp nhn

c.

t c cc c lng chi ph v cng sc tin cy, mt s tu chn

ny sinh:

1. Tr hon vic c lng ti giai on sau trong d n (chng ta

c th t c c lng chnh xc 100% sau khi d n hon tt).

2. Dng cc k thut phn r tng i n gin sinh ra c

lng v chi ph v cng sc d n.

3. Pht trin mt m hnh kinh nghim cho chi ph v cng sc lm

phn mm.

4. Thu c mt hay nhiu cng c c lng t ng.

Cc c lng chi ph phi a ra ngay t u. Tuy nhin chng ta i

cng lu th cng bit nhiu, bit cng nhiu th c lng cng chnh xc,

cng t c kh nng phm phi li lm trm trng trong c lng. Nhng

c lng v cng sc con ngi cn c (thng theo ngi/ thng), thi hn

d n theo ngy thng (theo thi gian lch) v chi ph( theo ng). Trongnhiu trng hp, c lng c thc hin bng cch dng kinh nghim qu

kh xem nh hng dn duy nht. Nu mt d n mi rt ging v kch c v

chc nng vi mt d n qu kh th rt c th l d n mi s i hi chi ph

cng tng t nh d n c. Ngi ta pht trin mt s k thut c lng

pht trin phn mm. Mc d mi k thut u c im mnh v im yu ca

n, tt c chng u c mt s thuc tnh chung nh sau:- Phi thit lp phm vi d n trc.

- o phn mm( cch o qu kh) cng c dng lm c s tin

hnh c lng.

- D n phn mm cn phi c chia thnh tng phn nh c

lng ring bit.

Nhiu nh qun l p dng mt s k thut c lng khc nhau, s dngk thut n kim tra cho cho k thut kia.

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2.2.3. c lng

Kinh ph chi ph cho d n: 25 triu.

Nhn lc thc hin : 5 ngi.

Gi tr ca thnh phn (tc l ca phn mm qun l hc sinh): 50 triu. Tng thi gian thc hin: 45 ngy.

- iu tra thc tin : 7 ngy.

- Phn tch nh gi s b: 3 ngy.

- Lp k hoch xy dng d n: 10 ngy.

- Tin hnh thc hin d n:14 ngy.

- Kim th: 8 ngy- Trin khai hng dn s dng: 3 ngy.

Phng tin h tr: My tnh c nhn c trang b cc phn mm cn

thit.

Thi gian bo tr: 2 nm.

Ngoi ra cn c s gip ca gio vin, cn b trong nh trng.

2.3. Ri ro ca d n.Trong 1 vi thp nin gn y, c bit l cui th k 20 u th k 21, c

s tng ln mnh m ca ngnh t ng ha. Cc ngnh t ng ho ny cn

bn li ph thuc vocc phn mm chc nng, do s phc tp trong pht

trin phn mm cng tng ng k trong nhng nm ny. MacManus nhn

nh 65% dn n tht bi ca d n l do nhng vn trong qun l, 35%

l nhng vn v cng ngh. Vn qun l bao gm cc vn vi cutrc ca d n, ti nguyn d n, quy hoch phng php v qun l ri ro

cha y . Cc vn k thut bao gm thit k phn mm ngho nn,

khng tun th cc yu cu phn mm, k thut nh gi v pht trin khng

ng. Nh vy, ri ro trong cc d n phn mm l khng th trnh khi.Ri

ro l yu t lun tn ti trong mi hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh v i

sng. Tuy nhin, vi c th ring ca mnh, nhn din v kim sot ri rotrong cc d n phn mm l iu khng h n gin. Mi ri ro u to ra

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vn , u gy nh hng xu ti cc d n phn mm, do nhng k s

phn mm phi c nhng bin php nhn din ri ro hiu qu, thm nh xc

sut xut hin, tc ng nu n xut hin v gii quyt n mt cch hiu qu

t c phn mm tt theo yu cu ca khch hng.

Phn tch ri ro l iu ch cht cho vic qun l d n phn mm tt

v qu nhiu d n c tin hnh m khng cn xem xt n ri ro. Phn

tch ri ro, nh gi ri ro thc t l mt lot cc bc qun l ri ro: xc nh

ri ro, nh gi ri ro, phn loi ri ro, chin lc qun l ri ro, gii quyt

ri ro, iu khin ri ro.

2.3.1. Xc nh ri ro.- Ri ro l 1 hay nhiu s vic cha nhng c kh nng xy ra trong

tng lai c tc ng n d n, v khi s vic xy ra thng s gy nh

hng xu ti d n, cn tr s hon thnh ca d n.

- Ri ro d n xc nh cc vn yu cu, khch hng, ti nguyn,

nhn s, lch biu, ngn sch, tim nng v nh hng ca chng ln d n

phn mm.- Ri ro k thut xc nh cc vn tim nng v thit k, ci t, giao

din, kim chng v bo tr. Bn cnh , m h ring, bt trc k thut,

s lc hu k thut v k thut mi nhn cng l nhng nhn t ri ro. Ri ro

k thut xut hin bi v vn kh gii quyt hn ta tng.

- Ri ro nghip v l bn trong bi chng c th lm sng t kt qu

ca ngay c d n phn mm tt nht.

*) Ri ro v mt k thut: y l ri ro thng thy ca bt k d n

phn mm no khng ph thuc vo quy m cng nh phm vi ng dng ca

n. Bi mt d n phn mm mun trin khai c phi c mt nn tng k

thut h tr, n gin nht l cc my tnh c nhn thng thng. i vi cc

d n ln th cc phng tin k thut h tr khng dng li mc m cn

l cc mt h thng my mc v phng tin k thut h tr khc. y l d

n theo nh gi ch quan ca bn thn cc thnh vin tham gia th y l d

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n mc trung bnh nh, ch l mt k hoch nhm h tr v nhanh chng

ho qu trnh qun l hc sinh nh trng ph thng c th l trng ph

thng L Nhn. Tuy nhin, qua xem xt thc t v phng tin k thut ca

trng cng nh i ng cn b cng nhn vin chc ngoi nhng thun li

nh trng c mt i ng cc b cng nhn vin chc c o to c bn

chnh quy vi s lng cn b tr l 50%, cng vic a cng ngh thng tin

vo trong ging dy ang c nh trng tng bc khai mt cch ng b

th cn mt s nhng kh khn sau:

- S lng my tnh c trang b ti trng cn hn ch so vi tng s

hc sinh, tng s lp hc nn s gy kh khn khi a d n ny vo hot

ng quy m ton trng..

- Mt khc th s my c a vo s dng vo cng vic qun l l

rt t ch yu trin khai mc ging dy v qun l vn ti chnh ca nh

trng.

*) Ri ro v mt qun l:Ngy nay khi khoa hc cng ngh pht trin

th hu ht cc cn b, gio vin ca trng u c trang b cc kin thc

v cng ngh thng tin. Tuy nhin xt trn phng din qun l th nhng riro khi a d n vo trin khai nh sau:

- S hiu bit v chung v cng ngh thng tin ca phn ng cc b

cng nhn vin mi mc hc s dng, ch khng phi c mt nn tng hiu

bit r rng v n. Vy nn khi trin khai kh tm c phng n chung,

thng nht trong cch thc trin khai trn quy m ton trng.

- T duy qun l c theo hng th cng n nhp vo phn ngngi Vit Nam nu khng c mt s ch dn c th chi tit th vic qun l

hc sinh theo hnh thc nh d n xc nh l v cng kh khn.

*) Ri ro nghip v: Xy ra ngay c khi d n phn mm rt tt. C 5

loi ri ro nghip v l:

- Xy dng mt sn phm tt nhng khng c ngi s dng.

- Xc nh mt sn phm khng thch hp vi chin lc snphm tng th ca cng ty.

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- Xc nh mt sn phm m ngi bn hng khng hiu lm

sao bn c.

- Mt s h tr ca cp qun l cao do thay i mi quan tm

hay do thay i mi quan tm.

- Mt cam kt v ti chnh hay nhn s.

2.3.2. c lng ri ro.

c lng ri ro l c gng xc nh t l theo hai cch c th xy ra

ri ro c thc v hu qu ca cc vn lin quan ti ri ro , nu n xut

hin. Ngi lp k hoch d n cng vi cc nh qun l v cc nhn vin k

thut thc hin 4 hot ng c lng ri ro:- Lp thang phn nh kh nng cm nhn c ri ro.

- Phc ha nhng hu qu ca ri ro.

- c lng nh hng ca ri ro ln d n v sn phm.

- Ch n chnh xc ca d phng ri ro sao cho khng c

hiu lm.

Thang c xc nh hoc theo thut ng c hoc khng, nh tnh haynh lng. Cc cu hi trong khon mc ri ro c th c tr li c hay

khng. Cch tip cn ny khng kh qun, cch tip cn tt nht l theo xc

sut ri ro s xut hin v tc ng ca ri ro nu n xut hin. Ngi lp k

hoch d n c th c lng c xc sut ri ro s xut hin v tc ng

ca ri ro nu n xut hin.

- Xc sut ri ro s xut hin: chng ta c th dng t l 0-1

m t xc sut ca ri ro. Ri ro c xc sut 0 c gi l khng c c hi

xut hin. Ri ro c xc sut l 0.90 c gi l chc chn xy ra. Xc sut

trong khong 0 n 1 th ri ro c c hi xut hin. Ngi ta c th c lng

xc sut trn bng cch phn tch thng k v cc o thu c t cc d n

qu kh hay cc thng tin khc

- Tc ng ca ri ro nu n xut hin: Chng ta c th dng

thang 0 n 1 m t tc ng ca ri ro. Ri ro c tc ng 0 c gi l

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khng c tc ng. Ri ro vi tc ng 1 c gi l nh ch (nguy him

nghim trng dn n d n khng thc hin c).

2.3.3. nh gi ri ro

Vic nh gi ri ro l rt quan trng v phi c thc hin mt cchnghim tc khi nh gi ri ro, ta thc hin theo cc bc sau:

1. Xc nh cc mc tham kho ri ro cho d n.

2. C gng xy dng mi quan h tng mc tham kho

3. D on tp cc im tham kho.

4. C gng d on vic cc t hp hp thnh ca cc ri ro s nh hng

th no ti mc tham kho.

2.3.4. Qun l ri ro

Ngy nay, phn ln cc d n phn mm u ln v phc tp hn, do

chng nhiu ri ro hn trc y. Ngi qun l d n phi thi gian

qun l cc ri ro d n bi v l yu t then cht trong xc nh thnh

cng ca d n. qun l ri ro, ngi qun l phi nhn din mi ri ro, lp

k hoch phng nga, gim st ri ro, v qun l thay i. Bng vic hiu

qun l ri ro, ngi qun l d n c th trnh v gim bt tc ng ca ri

ro, cung cp c lng lch biu v ngn sch tt hn v t ti tho mn ca

khch hng. Qun l ri ro cng bao hm trao i lin tc v ri ro vi t d

n v gim st mi ri ro c nhn din duy tr v th trn bt k ci

g c th xy ra trong d n. nhn din ri ro, ngi qun l c th xem xt

cc vn d n phn mm in hnh nh ri ro k thut, ri ro nhn s v ri

ro c lng. Bn cnh cc ri ro chung c th c nhng ri ro c bit duy

nht cho d n. Bt k d liu no t d n tng t cng u c th c ch

trong vic nhn din cc ri ro duy nht ny. Da trn thng tin ny, cc k

hoch c th c thc hin gii quyt cc ri ro. Phn ln cc d n phn

mm u c nhng ri ro sau y: c lng kch c, gii hn ngn sch,

thc hin cng ngh mi, s tham gia ca khch hng b gii hn, th trngthay i, thay i cn b, thay i phm vi, cc vn ph thuc phn cng,

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cc vn ph thuc mng, vn k nng ca t d n, v vn cch lm

vic t. Ngi qun l d n phi xc nh cc ri ro c th xut hin hay cc

ri ro s gy ra tc ng ln v gim st chng mt cch cn thn v gii

quyt sm nht c th c. Ri ro c gim nh cng sm, tc ng ca n

cng tn km.

- Nhn din mt s ri ro trong d n phn mm:

Thnh phn gy ra ri ro Qun l ri roGhi ln cng vic ngi khc,

on m khng c trong phin

bn mi nht

S dng cng c qun l cu

hnh hiu qu

Thiu thi gian th nghim hoc

cha bit cch s dng cc sn

phm cng ngh

Dnh thm thi gian hc cch

s dng cc cng c v nhng

cng ngh mi v tm kim s

gip t nh qun l xy dng

phn mm, ng nghipCng vic b chn vi trong

cng vic ca nhm khc

Phi c k hoch qun l xc

nh thng xuyn cp nht k

hoch ca nhmK hoch trin khai mt nhiu

thi gian, khng thi gian

hon thnh sn phm

Khng i su vo cc chi tit cn

thit cho k hoch

Pht trin sai chc nng Chn phng php phn tch tt

hn; phn tch tnh t chc/m

hnh nghip v ca khch hng.

Pht trin sai giao din Phn tch cc thao tc ngidng, to kch bn cch dng, to

bn mu.Yu cu qu cao Lc bt yu cu, phn tch chi

ph- li ch.Bng 2.1: Nhn din mt s ri ro bi ton.

Do ta quan tm ch yu n ri ro v v k thut v ri ro v mt qun

l, nn mun d n c tin hnh mt cch t hiu qu th vic qun l ri

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ro phi c tin hnh trn c hai mt: phng tin k thut v mt ri ro v

qun l. Ta tin hnh nh sau:

- Vic kho st, thit k v xy dng phn mm nhm p ng hu ht

cc yu cu ca nh qun l, p ng vic cp nht v qun l thng tin v

hc sinh mt cch nhanh chng v kp thi.

- Sau khi thit k v xy dng thnh cng d n phn mm,phi tin

hnh kim th cht ch nhm tm ra v khc phc nhng sai xt, ng thi

xy dng bn hng dn s dng chi tit gip nh qun l s dng d dng

hn v nhm hn ch nhng ri ro khng ng c i vi nh qun l.

2.4. Lp lch.2.4.1. Cu trc phn vic d n.

Chng ta s chia b phn qun l d n thnh nhiu b phn nh thc hin

cc vai tr chuyn mn phn vic cho tng b phn qun l d n theo di

v kim sot d n phn mm khi n ang c tin hnh.

Vi tng b phn khc nhau th cng vic ca tng b phn cng khc

nhau. C th nh:- B phn theo di hot ng ca h thng: nhm theo di s kim

tra h thng c ang hot ng tt hay khng bng cch nhn cc phn hi

ca b phn qun l im trn trng. Nu tnh trng tt th tip tc theo di,

nu tnh trng li th bo vi b phn sa cha kp thi khc phc li.

- B phn gii quyt s c: nhm gii quyt s c nhn thng bo

t b phn theo di hot ng ca h thng sau tm hng gii quyt khc phc nhanh cc li cng sm cng tt.

Vic qun l d n phn mm cn c s kt hp tt gia cc b phn

qun l vi nhau. C th nh:

- Cc nhm ph trch cc nhim v khc nhau s thng xuyn

hp thu thp tnh trng hot ng ca h thng, a ra cc vn hay s

c gp phi v cng tho lun gii quyt cc s c vi yu cu khc phc s

c mt cch hiu qu v nhanh nht.

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- nh gi kt qu ca cuc hp, tng kt nhng bt cp hin c

trong h thng my tnh v a ra c gii php khc phc li. Phn cng

nhim v li nu cn thit v phn cng cng vic cho cc nhm thc hin

tip trong thi gian ti.

- Xc nh tin thc hin d n nhm nh gi c nhng g

lm c, nhng g cha lm c, nhng vng mc v quan trng hn

l xc nh cc mc d n chnh thc c ng tin nh lp lch cha.

- Cn c mi lin h vi nh qun l cp nht nhng yu cu

pht sinh trong qun l nhm iu chnh vic thit k phn mm mt cch

nhanh chng v kp thi.

- Kim sot c nhm s dng qun tr ti nguyn d n, gii

quyt vn v ch huy tt c cc thnh vin trong nhm. Nu mi vic ang

tri chy (tc l d n theo ng lch v trong pham vi ngn sch, cc cuc

hp cho thy c tin b thc s v t c nhng ct mc quan trng), th

vic kim sot l nh nhng. Nhng khi vn xut hin th chng ta phi

bit thc thi kim sot iu tit mt cch nhanh chng v ph hp nht.

Sau khi vn c chun on, c th tp trung thm ti nguyn ph vomin c vn . nhm c th b tr li cng vic ca cc thnh vin trong

nhm hay c th chnh li lch biu.

2.4.2. Mng nhim v.

Nhm c 5 ngi cng tham gia d n k ngh phn mm qun l im ca

hc sinh trng trung hc ph thng th rt c th l cc hot ng pht trin

s c thc hin song song.

Phn tch, c t v tng quan v cc yu cu kt qu l nhng nhim v

u tin cn phi thc hin v t nn tng cho cc nhim v song song theo

sau.

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Hnh 2.1 Mng nhim v

2.4.3. S ng thi gian

Ban qun l d n s lp lch biu cho hot ng qun l d n trong thi

gian nht nh. Vi d n xy dng h thng qun l im cho trng trung

hc ph thng th cn thi gian 30 ngy thc hin kim th v bt u thc

hin d n trong nh trng.

S c th thi gian kim th v bt u thc hin d n trong nh

trng c th hin nh sau:

T ngy th nht n ht ngy th

3

iu tra tnh trng thc ti ca nh

trngT ngy th 4 n ht ngy th 8 Phn tch nh gi s bT ngy th 9 n ht ngy th 17 Lp k hoch xy dng d nT ngy th 18 n ht ngy th

23Tin hnh thc hin d n

T ngy th 24 n ht ngy th28 Kim thT ngy th 28 n ht ngy th

30Trin khai, hng dn s dng

Bng 2.2: Bng thi gian kim th v bt du thc hin d n

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- iu tra tnh trng thc ti ca nh trng: quan st, iu tra bng

hi ri nhanh chng tng kt a ra nhng nhc im ca h thng quan l

c

- Phn tch h thng trc thng kt qu iu tra thc trng ca nh

trng

- Lp k hoch d n: thit k bn k hoch d n

- Tin hnh thc hin d n: thc hin ci t h thng

- Kim th: chy th chng trnh qun l trong thi gian 5 ngy

bit phn mm hot ng c b li khng hay c nhng nhc im no cn

sa li th khc phc v bo tr h thng

- Trin khai, hng dn s dng: sau khi phn mm chy tt th thc

hin trin khai v hng dn ngi qun l h thng ca nh trng bit cc

thao tc lm vic vi h thng

2.5. Ti nguyn d n.Con ngi v cng vic c quan h cht ch vi nhau, nu bit cch phn

chia cng vic cho tng ngi ph hp s gip tng hiu qu lm vic, hiu

qu ca d n c v cht lng ln thi gian.

2.5.1. Con ngi.

Vic lp k hoch cho d n bt u bng vic c lng phm vi p

dng v la chn k nng, s lng cc thnh vin thc hin hon thnh

vic xy dng v pht trin d n.

S ngi trong nhm thc hin d n ny l 5 thnh vin.- Qun Th Hng: Thu thp ti liu, nghin cu thc tin ti trng

trung hc ph thng v thit k chng trnh.

- M Dng Tip: Thu thp ti liu, nghin cu thc tin ti trng

trung hc ph thng v thit k chng trnh.

- Lu Ngc Dng: Thit k trc tip chng trnh v tng hp chung.

- Nguyn Th Thu Trang: Thit k chng trnh v xy dng d nphn mm.

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- Trn Th Phng Dung: Thit k chng trnh v xy dng d n

phn mm.

Phn cng cng vic r rng v cc thnh vin u c trch nhim vi

nhim v mnh c giao

2.5.2. Phn cng v phn mm

2.5.2.1. Phn cng:Phn cng phc v thit k lp k hoch l cc my tnh c nhn. Phn

cng gip trin khai phn mm d n l h thng my tnh ti trng trung

hc ph thng.

2.5.2.2. Phn mm:S dng phn mm h tr lp trnh v lp trnh, h qun tr c s d

liu Access.

2.6. T chc i ng

2.6.1. Cu trc nhm

Vi s tham gia ca nm thnh vin, chng ti c s phn cngtrong vic xy dng d n phn mm. C th:

- Vic kho st thc trng ti trng THPT: do a im trng

cch kh xa nn c giao cho hai thnh vin. V hai thnh vin ny phn

tch tng hp ton b thng tin thu thp c.

- Xy dng d n phn mm do hai thnh vin m nhim.

- Trc tip thit k v xy dng chng trnh do mt thnh vinm nhim cng vi s kt hp v gip ca cc thnh vin khc.

Ngoi ra tt c cc thnh vin u ng gp kin, nh hng chung

cho cc phn nhm i n nhng thng nht chung v tin hnh trin khai

cng vic theo s phn cng.

2.6.2. Lm bo co qun l.

Mc ch l hng ti hon thin d n tng bc nh: Xy dng

tng d n, lp k hoch xy dng d n,tin hnh xy dng d n v bo tr

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b sung cho d n khi n c a vo trong thc t p dng ti trng.Cng

nh chnh cc bc xy dng v hon thin d n cc giai on vit bo cc

d n trc trin khai ng b cng vi cc qu trnh xy dng d n.V

c phn cho cc thnh vin thc hin c th .

Giai on xy dng tng d n qun l hc sinh: Xut pht t thc

tin i thc t thc tp t mt ti trng, nhn thy vn qun l hc sinh

ta trng vn c trin khai mt cch th cng, thiu ng b trong khi c

s vt cht ti trng khng phi mc yu km.

Giai on lp k hoch d n:

- Phn tch thc tin qun l hc sinh ti trng nhn thy c

mt tch cc nu nh d n c trin khai ti trng: ng b ho c qu

trnh qun l, lm gim bt cng sc cng nh nhn lc trong qu trnh qun

l.

- Ln k hoch xy dng d n qun l: Tin hnh cc bc c

lng, tnh ton ri ro, nhng yu cu cn thit v con ngi, phng tin k

thut h tr.

- Phn cng nhim v c th cho cc thnh vin tham gia xydng d n ph hp vi nng lc ca tng ngi.

Giai on xy dng phn mm: Vic xy dng tun th theo cc quy

tc nhm m bo t c cc mc tiu t ra trc khi xy dng d n.

Giai on b sung, kim th v tin hnh bo tr trong thc t: Sau khi

d n c xy dng tin hnh test th trn nhng d liu t to c tnh n

cc kh nng khc nhau. Tip tc tin hnh bo tr b sung nh k khi aphn mm ny ra p dng trng.

2.7. Kim th v bo trSau khi hon thnh phn mm cn phi c kim th theo tng k hc.

Giao cho mt ngi hoc hai ngi m nhn vic kim th, bo tr v tin

hnh b sung sa i nu c sai st, thay i. m bo sn phm ng nh

yu cu ca khch hng. Phn mm nn bo tr thng xuyn, trnh thigian lu s kh bo tr dn n mt uy tn vi khch hng.

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CHNG 3: PHN TCH V THIT KH THNG QUN L HC SINH

3.1. Phn tch h thng v chc nng

phn ny, ta xt s phn tch h thng v mt chc nng, m mcch l lp mt m hnh chc nng ca h thng, nhm tr li cu hi H

thng lm g?. Cc chc nng ni y l chc nng x l thng tin v h

thng ca chng ta l h thng qun l hc sinh, trong vic x l thng tin

l ch yu.

3.1.1. Xy dng phn mm qun l hc sinh phi h tr cc chc nng

sau y:

3.1.1.1. Qun l h s hc sinh, bng im v hc b ca hc sinh trongqu trnh theo hc ti trng.

Thc hin cc chc nng:

Nhp thng tin ca hc sinh khi mi nhp hc. Ti mi trng,

thng ngi ta quan tm n nhng thng tin c bn ca tng hc sinh: H

tn, gii tnh, ngy sinh. Ngoi ra ngi ta cng cn bit mi hc sinh thucdn tc no, tn gio g, ang sng ti x no, huyn no, hc sinh trc thuc

ban no (hc sinh c php chuyn ban sau khi nm hc kt thc nu cm

thy khng ph hp vi ban chn). Cng ging nh i vi cc trng

THPT khc, n gin ngi ta gn cho mi hc sinh mt m s gi l m

s hc sinh. M s ny l duy nht i vi tng hc sinh v khng thay i

trong sut qu trnh hc tp ti trng. Phn lp cho cc hc sinh mi nhp trng theo cc tiu ch xc

nh. Qun l vic chuyn lp, chuyn khi ca cc hc sinh.

Phn cng gio vin b mn dy ti cc lp. Phn cng gio vin

dy ti cc lp. Vo u hc k mi nm hc nh trng phn cng ging dy

tng mn v phn cng gio vin lm ch nhim cho tng lp. Gio vin ch

nhim ca mi lp phi thuc trong s gio vin ging dy cho lp ti hc k. Gio vin dy mn g cho lp th phi chu trch nhim v im s mn

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hc . Trong mt lp, mi hc k, mi mn hc ca mt hc sinh u c

ba loi im: im h s 1 (kim tra 15 pht hoc kim tra ming), im h

s 2 (im kim tra 1 tit) v im h s 3 (im thi cui k), trn c s

xc nh im trung bnh cui hc k ca mn . Cui hc k gio vin ch

nhim tp hp im tt c cc mn do gio vin b mn cung cp lp bng

im tng hp. Khi hon tt im tt c cc mn th xc nh c im trung

bnh chung cui hc k.

Thc hin phn ban cc lp theo 3 ban: A (Khoa hc t nhin),

B (Co bn), C(X hi). i vi cc ban khc nhau th h s ca tng mn l

khc nhau. Thc hin thit lp h s cho cc mn hc theo cc ban.

Ban Khoa hc t nhin (KHTN):

- H s 2: cc mn Ton, Vt l, Ho hc, Sinh hc;

- H s 1: cc mn cn li, tr mn Th dc nu nh gi

bng nhn xt kt qu hc tp.

Ban Khoa hc x hi v Nhn vn (KHXH-NV):

- H s 2: cc mn Ng vn, Lch s, a l, Ngoi ng thnht;

- H s 1: cc mn cn li.

Ban C bn:

- H s 2 tnh theo quy nh di y:

- Nu hc 3 hoc 2 mn hc nng cao (hc theo sch gio

khoa nng cao hoc theo sch gio khoa bin son theo chng trnh chuncng vi ch t chn nng cao ca mn hc ) th tnh cho c 3 hoc 2

mn hc nng cao ;

- Nu ch hc 1 mn nng cao l Ton hoc Ng vn th tnh

thm cho mn cn li trong 2 mn Ton, Ng vn; nu hc 1 mn nng cao

m mn khng phi l Ton hoc Ng vn th tnh thm cho 1 trong 2 mn

Ton, Ng vn;

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- Nu khng hc mn nng cao no th tnh cho 2 mn Ton

v Ng vn.

- H s 1: cc mn cn li.

3.1.1.2. Qun l thng tin ca hc sinh trong qu trnh theo hc ti ccnm, k hc.

Nhp im trong qu trnh hc sinh theo hc: im ming, im

15, im 1 tit, im thi. Vic nhp im do cc gio vin b mn thc hin.

nh gi hnh kim, gio vin ch nhim lp ti hc k c

trch nhim theo di, nh gi v xp loi cho tng hc sinh. Da vo kt qu

hc tp v hnh kim hai hc k m xp loi chung ton nm hc.

3.1.1.3. Tng kt, tnh im cho hc sinh qua tng hc k, nm hc theolp, khi lp.

im trung bnh mn ca hc k, c nm hc i vi cc mn

hc nh gi bng im:

im trung bnh mn ca hc k (TBmhk):

TBmhk =

KTtx + 2 x KTk + 3 x KThk

Tng cc h s

KTtx: im kim tra thng xuyn (im kim tra ming, 15);

KTk: im kim tra iu kin (im kim tra 1 tit);

KThk: im kim tra hc k (im thi hc k);

im trung bnh mn ca c nm (TBmcn):

TBmcn =

TBmhkI + 2 x TBmhkII

3

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TBmhkI: im trung bnh mn hc k 1;

TBmhkII: im trung bnh mn hc k 2;

im trung bnh cc mn hc k hoc c nm hc l s nguyn

hoc s thp phn c ly n ch s thp phn th hai sau khi lm trn

s.

i vi cc mn ch dy hc trong 1 hc k th ly kt qu nh

gi, xp loi ca hc k lm kt qa nh gi, xp loi c nm hc.

3.1.1.4. Tng kt, nh gi hc lc v hnh kim hc sinh theo cc tiuchun ca B Gio dc v o to.

Mt s quy nh phn loi hc lc ca B Gio Dc v o to:

Phn loi hnh kim ca hc sinh c thc hin vi 5 mc: Tt, Kh,

Trung bnh, Yu v Km k hiu ln lt l: Tot, Kha, TrungBinh, Yeu,

Kem.

Vic phn loi hc lc hc sinh s da trn cc im TB mn hc

ca hc sinh v phn thnh 5 mc: Xut sc, Gii, Kh, Trung bnh, v Yu,

k hiu ln lt l XuatSac, Gioi, Kha, TrungBinh, Yeu. Cc mc ny c

nh du t mc 0 n 4. Xut sc tng ng vi mc 0, Yu tng ng vi

mc 4.

Vic phn loi s da trn mt s tiu ch, iu kin. Cc iu kin

ny c m t ring cho tng mc phn loi. Quy nh vic xt phn loi

hc lc theo quy tc nh sau: nu hc sinh khng t c cc tiu ch mc K

th s xt tip cc tiu ch mc K+1.

Cc tiu ch phn loi hc lc ca mi mc c chia lm 2 loi:

+ Loi I (cc tiu ch bt buc): y l nhng tiu ch m hc sinh

bt buc t c mi mc phn loi. Theo quy nh hin thi th cc tiu

ch bt buc ny bao gm: yu cu im TB cc mn v yu cu im TB

mn ca mt s mn quan trng c bit, v d mn Ton, Ng Vn.

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+ Loi II (cc tiu ch c th xt kh nng nng bc): y l nhng

tiu ch dng xt bnh thng nhng nu vic phn loi lch so vi cc tiu

ch loi I qu 2 bc th c php xt nng bc. V d mt HS vi cc tiu ch

loi I c xp loi Kh, nhng theo tiu ch loi II s b phn mc Yu. Khi

c th xt nng phn loi hc lc cho hc sinh ny l Trung bnh. Theo

quy nh hin hnh th cc tiu ch loi ny bao gm im TB mn ca tt c

cc mn hc ca HS khng c php nh hn mt gi tr im no (im

khng).

Tiu chun xt danh hiu thi ua:

Tiu chun xt Danh hiu thi ua (TCDHTD) ng vai tr tng t

nh TCPLHL, l nhng quy tc c dng xt danh hiu thi ua cho hc

sinh trong nh trng. Mi lp hc s c p dng bi mt TCDHTD duy

nht dng xt danh hiu thi ua cho cc hc sinh trong lp hc ny. Mi

TCDHTD s bao gm mt hay nhiu Danh hiu thi ua (Gii, Tin tin), mi

danh hiu thi ua s gn lin vi cc tiu ch tng ng.

Loi Xut sc, nu c cc tiu chun di y:- im trung bnh cc mn hc t 9,0 tr ln v hnh kim phi l

Tt.

Loi Gii, nu c cc tiu chun sau:

- im trung bnh cc mn hc t 9,0 tr ln v hnh kim phi l

Tt, hoc Kh.

Loi kh, nu c cc tiu chun di y:- im trung bnh cc mn hc t 6,5 tr ln v hnh kim phi l

Tt, Kh, Trung bnh.

Loi Trung bnh, nu c cc tiu chun di y:

- im trung bnh cc mn hc t 5,0 tr ln v hnh kim phi t

Trung bnh tr ln.

Loi km: cc trng hp cn li.

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Nu TBhk hoc TBcn t mc quy nh cho tng loi ni trn,

nhng do TB hoc nhn xt ca 1 mn hc thp hn mc quy nh cho loi

cho nn hc lc b xp thp xung th c iu chnh ln 1 nng bc.

3.1.1.5. Tm kim thng tin.- Tm kim thng tin v gio vin.

- Tm kim thng tin v hc sinh.

- Tm kim thng tin v ban, lp.

3.1.1.6. Kt xut bo co, thng k qu trnh hc tp ca hc sinh.- Thng k kt qu hc tp ca ton trng.

- Thng k danh sch hc sinh, danh sch gio vin, danh sch cc

mn hc ging dy.

3.1.2. Phn quyn

H thng phi phn chia ngi dng thnh cc cp khc nhau. Mi

ngi dng truy cp vo h thng phi c xc nh r quyn khai thc

thng tin v x l thng tin ty thuc vo cp ca h. V quyn truy cpny c th c to lp, n nh v sa i bi ngi qun tr. C th phn

chia cc cp truy cp h thng nh sau:

- Nhm qun tr (Hiu trng, Gio v): c quyn ti cao v chu

mi trch nhim v h thng.

- Nhm gio vin: c quyn truy cp h thng thc hin nhp

im v qun l qu trnh hc tp ca hc sinh.

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3.1.3. C ch bo mt:

Thng tin v acount truy cp ca ngi dng phi c m ha v lu

tr trong CSDL.

3.1.4. Sao lu Phc hi:

H thng phi t ng sao lu d liu khi gp s c hoc do nhm ln

t ngi dng v c kh nng phc hi li d liu.

3.2. Biu phn r chc nngBiu phn r chc nng (Biu phn cp chc nng) l mt loi

biu din t s phn r dn dn cc chc nng t i th n chi tit. Mint trong biu l mt chc nng, v quan h duy nht gia cc chc nng,

din t bi cc cung ni lin cc nt, l cc quan h bao hm.

Nh vy, biu phn cp chc nng cho 1 ci nhn tng qut, d hiu,

t i th n chi tit v cc chc nng, nhim v cn thc hin.

3.2.1. Qun l h s hc sinh, bng im v hc b ca hc sinh trong

qu trnh theo hc ti trng.

Hnh 3.1 Biu phn r chc nng

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Thc hin cc chc nng: nhp hc sinh mi u nm, phn lp cho

hc sinh theo cc tiu ch xc nh, qun l hc sinh chuyn lp, chuyn

trng, thi hc, nhp im v hnh kim hc sinh theo tng giai on trong

nm hc,

Tng kt, tnh im cho hc sinh qua tng hc k, nm hc theo lp,

khi lp.

C th l: trong vic qun l hc sinh cn c cc chc nng cp nht d

liu (hc sinh, gio vin, im, mn hc), tm kim thng tin (hc sinh, gio

vin), tnh im tng kt ca hc k v ca nm, thng k, bo co cc kt qu

hc tp, danh sch hc sinh v kt qu tng ng.

3.2.2. Tng kt, nh gi hc lc v hnh kim hc sinh theo cc tiu

chun ca B Gio dc v o to.

Hnh 3.2: Biu tng kt, nh giTng kt nh gi bao gm thu thp im t cc gio vin b mn, ly

kin ca gio vin b mn ri xp loi hc lc, hnh kim theo quy nh

ca nh trng.

Gio vin ch nhim s thc hin cc nhim v trn ri lm bo co

thng k kt qu hc tp ca cc hc sinh trong lp mnh ch nhim.

Cc nh gi phi da trn cc quy nh m nh trng quy nh

sn.

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3.2.3. Kt xut bo co, thng k qu trnh hc tp ca hc sinh.

Hnh 3.3: Biu bo co thng k

Bo co, thng k bao gm vic ly bo co t gio vin ch nhim, tng

hp, thng k ri in ra cc bo co, thng k

3.3. Biu lung d liu

Hnh 3.4 : Biu lung d liu

Trong :

Cc khung hnh ch nht biu din cc tc nhn

Mi tn ch hng di chuyn ca d liu

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3.4. M hnh lin kt y ta s dng m hnh thc th / lin kt trong bc u m hnh

ho v d liu. N c u dim l kh n gin v gn vi t duy trc quan.

Khi xem xt cc thng tin, ngi ta thng gom cm chng xung quang cc

vt th. Chng hn cc thng tin v tn tui, a ch,chiu cao, cn nng

c gom cm xung quanh mt ngi. M hnh thc th lin kt m t tp

hp cc d liu dung trong mt h thng theo cch gom cm nh vy.

*) M hnh thc th lin kt (m hnh E/A)

3.4.1. Cc khi nim ca m hnh E/A

M hnh E/A xut pht t 3 khi nim c bn: thc th, thuc tnh vlin kt.

*) Thc th( entity ): Mt thc th l mt vt th c th hay tru tng,

tn ti thc s v kh n nh trong th gii thc, m ta mun phn nh n

trong h thng thng tin.

Kiu thc th (entity type ): l mt tp hp cc thc th c m t bi

cng mt tp hp cc kiu thuc tnh v biu din cho mt lp t nhin cc

vt th trong th gii thc.

*) Thuc tnh:

- L mt gi tr dng m t mt kha cnh no ca mt thc

th, mt hay mt tp kiu thuc tnh ca mt kiu thc th c gi l mt

kho nu gi tr ca n cho php ta phn bit cc thc th vi nhau.

- C 2 rng buc phi c tho mn i vi cc kiu thuc tnh:

+ Gi tr duy nht: Mi thuc tnh ca mt thc th c th ly

mt v ch mt gi tr duy nht.

+ Gi tr s ng: Gi tr thuc tnh khng th chia tch thnh

cc thnh phn nh hn (tc l khng th nh ngha mt kiu thuc tnh t

cc kiu thuc tnh khc, bng cnh hp thnh hay thu gn)

*) Quy tc xc nh cc thuc tnh ca thc th:

- T cc kin thc v thc t.

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- T tri thc ca bn thn v thc th trong lnh vc mnh ang

nghin cu m a ra thuc tnh trong mi thc th.

- T ngi tip xc phng vn.

- T vic xem xt cc bng biu, ti liu lin quan n lnh vc

mnh ang nghin cu).

*) Lin kt (association): l mt s gom nhm cc thc th trong

mi thc th c mt vai tr nht nh.

Kiu lin kt (association type): l mt tp hp cc lin kt c cng

ngha. Mt kiu lin kt c nh ngha gia nhiu kiu thc th. S cc

kiu thc th tham gia vo lin kt gi l s ngi ca lin kt. Tn ca kiu

lin kt thng c chn l mt ng t ( ch ng hay b ng ) phn nh

ngha ca n.

C cc kiu lin kt sau:

- Lin kt mt mt

Mt thc th thuc kiu thc th A lin kt vi mt thc th thuc

kiu thc th B v ngc li

- Lin kt mt nhiu

Mt thc th thuc kiu thc th A lin kt vi nhiu thc th

thuc kiu thc th B.

Mt thc th thuc kiu thc th B lin kt vi mt thc th

thuc kiu thc th A.

42

A B

Thc th A lin kt 1-1 vi thc th B

A B

Thc th A lin kt 1- nhiu vi thc th B


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3.4.2. Biu din m hnh thc th lin kt

Hnh 3.7: M hnh thc th lin kt

3.5. Phn tch d liuVic phn tch d liu thng thc hin theo hai giai on:

43

HOCSINH# MaHSHoTenNgaySinhGioiTinhDanTocTonGiaoHoTenBoNgheNghiepBoHoTenMeNgheNghiepMeDienChinhSachMaLop

LOP#MaLopTenLop

MaKhoiMaGV

MaBan

GIAOVIEN

#MaGVHoTenGioiTinhNgaySinhDiaChiDienThoaiMaMonHo

c

KHOILOP

#MaKho

iTenKhoi BAN

#MaBanTenBan

IEMTHI

#MaHS

#MaMonHocMieng15TietThi

MONHOC

#MaMonHocTenMonHoc

Ca

Ca

Thuc

Ch nhim

DAY

Thuc

Th

u

c


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u tin lp lc d liu theo m hnh thc th / lin k, nhm pht huy

th mnh v tnh trc quan v d vn dng ca m hnh ny. Tip hon

thin lc d liu theo m hnh quan h, nhm li dng c s l lun cht

ch ca m hnh ny trong vic chun ho lc .

3.5.1. Mc ch v yu cu ca vic phn tch d liu

*) Mc ch:

Mc ch phn tch d liu ca h thng l lp lc khi nim v

d liu, lm cn c cho vic thit k c s d liu ca h thng sau ny. Lc

khi nim v d liu giai on u c lp di dng m hnh E/A.

*) Yu cu: C 2 yu cu vi vic phn tch d liu l:- Khng b st thng tin: ngha l phi pht hin a vo lc

d liu mi thng tin cn phi c thu thp lu gi, phc v cho cc x

l trong h thng.

- Khng d tha thng tin: ngha l cc thng tin a vo lc

khng c trng lp (cng mt thng tin c ghi nhn nhiu ln nhi

ni), v khng c l thng tin c th suy dn t cc thng tin khc c.S d tha khng nhng lm tn ch nh, nhng quan trng hn l d gy ra

s mu thun (s khng nht qun v gi tr) ca thng tin lu gi trong c s

d liu.

*) khi b st thng tin, ta phi r sot k tm ra chng t nhiu

ngun iu tra c th nh l:

- Cc cuc tip xc , phng vn vi cc nhn vin (k c vi ban lnh

o)

- Cc loi t liu v h thng: l cc bo co, cc thuyt minh, cc

ti liu lp trong bc kho st hin trng v phn tch chc nng trc .

Trong cc t liu , th mi danh t u nn c cn nhc xem c ng l

mt thng tin a vo lc khng (l mt thuc tnh hay mt thc th)

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- Cc biu lung d liu c lp giai on phn tch chc nng:

trong biu lung d liu, cc lung d liu v nht l cc kho d liu s

gi cho ta cc thng tin cn a vo c s d liu ca h thng.

- Cc loi s sch, cc tp: l cc thng tin c cu trc c lu

trong h thng c, dng cho x l th cng hay x l my tnh, c nhiu kh

nng cng rt cn cho h thng mi.

3.5.2. Cch tin hnh.

C th tin hnh theo 2 cch ngc nhau:

Cch 1: Trc ht i snh vi thc t tm ra cc kiu thc th, ri

sau i vi mi kiu thc th chn, tm cc kiu thuc tnh m t n.Cch 2: Tm tp hp cc kiu thuc tnh nh l nhng loi thng tin s

ng xut hin trong h thng, ri gom nhm, t chc chng li thnh tng

cm theo ch m t. Mi cm tr thnh mt kiu thc th (hay cng c

th l mt kiu lin kt)

Tuy nhin cch tt nht l hn hp c hai cch lm trn bng cch lp

i lp li nhiu ln: T cc kiu thc th, tm ra cc kiu thuc tnh, ri t cckiu thuc tnh li t chc li, chnh sa v b xung thnh cc kiu thc th,

vng i vng li cho n khi thy tho ng.

- Phn loi cc thuc tnh theo ni dung din t.

- Phn loi cc thuc tnh theo c im v gi tr ca n.

- Ch ra thuc tnh kha.

- Gom cc kiu thuc tnh thnh cc kiu thc th hay cc kiu lin

kt.

*) Cc thc th v cc thuc tnh km theo mi thc th m ta xc

nh c:

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HOCSINH(MaHS, HoTen, NgaySinh, GioiTinh, DanToc, TonGiao,

HoTenBo, NgheNghiepBo, HoTenMe, NgheNghiepMe, DienChinhSach,

MaLop)

GIAOVIEN(MaGV, HoTen, GioiTinh, NgaySinh, DiaChi, DienThoai,

MaMonHoc).

BAN(MaBan, TenBan).

PHANNBAN(MaBan, MaMonHoc, HeSo)

DIEMTHI(MaHS, MaMonHoc, MaHK, NamHoc, Mieng, 15, Tiet,Thi)

HANHKIEM(MaHS, MaHK, HanhKiem)

HOCKY(MaHK, TenHK)

KHOILOP(MaKhoi, TenKhoi)

LOP(MaLop, TenLop, MaKhoi, MaGVCN, MaBan)

MONHOC(MaMonHoc, TenMonHoc)

PHANCONG(MaGV, MaLop)

(cc kha chnh c vit m v gch chn bn di)

3.6. M hnh quan hM hnh quan h c cc u im nh sau :

n gin: cc d liu c biu din di mt dng duy nht, l

quan h, tc l cc bng gi tr, kh t nhin v d hiu i vi ngi dung.

Cht ch: cc khi nim c hnh thc ho cao, cho php p dng

cc cng c ton hc, cc thut ton.

Tru tng ho cao: m hnh ch dng mc khi nim, ngha l

c lp vi s ci t, vi cc thit b. Nh lm cho tnh c lp gia d

liu v chng trnh cao.

Cung cp cc ngn ng truy nhp d liu mc cao( nh SQL,..)

d s dng v tr thnh chun.

M hnh quan h gia cc bng trong h thng Qun l hc sinh:

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Hnh 3.8: M hnh quan h ca h thng qun l hc sinh

Hnh trn l m hnh quan h ca h thng qun l im ca trngTHPT bao gm cc bng l cc thc th v cc trng l cc thuc tnh ca

thc th tng ng c ghi r trn.

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CHNG 4: CI T

4.1. Gii thiu v h qun tr c s d liu AccessMS Access l mt h qun tr c s d liu ca hng Microsoft chy

trn mi trng Windows trn c cc cng c hu hiu v tin li t

ng sn sinh chng trnh cho hu ht cc bi ton thng gp trong thc t

nh qun l, thng k, k ton. Vi MS Access ngi s dng khng phi vit

tng cu lnh c th m vn c c mt chng trnh hon chnh. Nu cn

lp trnh MS Access c sn ngn ng Access Basic ta c th lp trnh theo

mun ca ngi s dng.

Access cung cp 6 i tng: Bng (Table), truy vn (Query), mu biu

(Form), bo biu (Report), Macro v Module: C y cc kh nng lu tr

d liu, thng k, biu din thng tin v t ng rt nhiu cc tc v khc.

Access khng ch l mt h qun l c s d liu m cn l h qun l CSDL

quan h (Relational DataBase). Access cung cp cng c Wizard (Ph thu)

t ng to bng, truy vn, bo co. Ta c th s dng vic phn tch bng trnh d tha d liu. Access h tr rt tt cho nhng ngi mi bc vo

tin hc. Vi Wizard v cc phng tin hot ng t ng khc ta s tit kim

c thi gian, cng sc trong vic xy dng v thit k chng trnh.

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4.2. Ci t chng trnh

4.2.1. Mn hnh chnh ca h thng

Hnh 4.1: Giao din ca h thng

4.2.2. Nhp thng tin hc sinh

Hnh 4.2: Nhp thng tin hc sinh.

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4.2.3. Nhp im hc tp ca hc sinh

Hnh 4.3: Nhp im hc tp ca hc sinh

4.2.4. Phn ban lp

Hnh 4.4: Phn ban lp

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4.2.5. Phn cng lch ging dy

Hnh 4.6: Phn cng lch ging dy

4.2.6. Chuyn lp cho hc sinh

Hnh 4.6: Chuyn lp cho hc sinh

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4.2.7. Tm kim l lch hc sinh theo tn, m hc sinh

Hnh 4.7: Tm kim l lch hc sinh theo tn, m hc sinh

4.2.8. Tm kim l lch gio vin theo tn

Hnh 4.8: Tm kim l lch gio vin theo tn

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4.2.9. Thng k gio vin

Hnh 4.9: Thng k gio vin

4.2.10. Thng k cc mn hc

Hnh 4.10: Thng k cc mn hc

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4.2.11. Thng k kt qu hc tp.

Hnh 4.11: Thng k kt qu hc tp.

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CHNG 5: KT THC D N

5.1. Rt kinh nghimSau khi thit k xong c i hp nhm phn tch qu trnh thc hin

rt kinh nghim.Rt kinh nghim c nhn trc, c nhm sau.

i vi c nhn: Bn thn t rt ra kinh nghim, nhng ng gp trong

qu trnh lm vic, thi i vi cng vic, vi ng i

Nhng ngi cn li rt kinh nghim cho ng i d n ln sau hn

ch ti a nhng s xut, c th pht trin nng lc ca cc c nhn trong

nhm.Qua thy c kh nng ca c nhm, tinh thn tp th.

5.2.Chuyn giao d n*) Phng thc chuyn giao:

Bn trc tip

o to, t vn k thut.

Thng tin chi tit v vic chuyn giao phn mm:

- K hp ng v t vn trin khai.

- Ci t phn mm v hun luyn s dng.- Bo hnh phn mm trong 02 nm.

- Nhp s liu ban u, nghim thu bn giao.

- Thanh ton, bo tr tip tc theo yu cu.

*) Kim th, bo tr:

Mc ch ca vic th nghim: m bo tun th cc yu cu ng dng

c xc nh bi khch hng.- Tm ra cc li.

- m bo cht lng ca sn phm khi thc hin giao hng.

- D on cc li c th gp

Cc phng php kim th:

+ Kim th tnh: Vi cng c l giy, bt v cc ti liu cn

thit c t yu cu, thit k v listing, thc hin trn bn nhm kim tra

logic, ln tng chi tit ngay sau khi lp trnh xong.

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+ Th trn my: Dng my chy chng trnh iu tra trng

thi tng ng tc ca chng trnh.

Bo tr: Phn mm cho php bo tr : Tu chnh, thch hp, ci tin,

phng nga.

5.3 a ch nhng ngi tham gia d n1) Nguyn Th Thu Trang SDT: 0979521159

2) Trn Th Phng Dung SDT: 0979819588

3) Qun Th Hng SDT: 01674686006

4) M Dng Tip SDT: 01674702505

5) Lu Ngc Dng SDT: 01674686009

Kt lun

Qua qu trnh nghin cu ti ny, chng em nhn thy: Vic xy

dng h thng qun l ni chung v vic xy dng h thng qun l hc sinh

ni ring m p ng c tt c cc vn t gii quyt vn , gii quyt

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bi ton, thit k bi ton cho n khi a ra th nghim c l mt vn

i hi c nhiu thi gian v cng sc.

ti t c yu cu c ban u ra. C th nh sau:

1. Kho st v phn tch hin trang:

Kho st tnh hnh thc t ti trng THPT L Nhn_ H

Nam: Tm hiu cc thng tin v trng L Nhn: c cu t chc

trong trng, h thng qun l hc sinh c ca trng. Xut pht t

thc t ca trng dn n cn pht trin mt h thng qun l

hc sinh mi.

Gii thiu bi ton qun l hc sinh to trng vi cc yu

cu, quy nh c th.

Ku gi nh u t, ti tr nhm pht trin h thng xy

dng.

2. Lp k hoc d n phn mm: Xy dng k hoch d n phn mm

vi cc ni dung c th:Phm vi, i tng, ni dung nghin cu.

nu mc tiu lp k hoch; c lng d n; nu cc ri ro.; tin

hnh lp lch, tm hiu ti nguyn d n; xy dng t chc, i ng

3. Phn tch v thit k h thng qun l hc sinh.

Phn tch h thng qun l v cc chc nng nh: qun l

thng tin ca hc sinh, thng tin gio vin; qun l im, tnh im

v nh gi xp loi cho hc sinh vo cc k hc, nm hc; thc

hin phn lp, chuynr lp, phn ban cho cc lp; phn cng ging

dy cho gio vin.

Xy dng biu phn r chc nng, cc biu lung d

liu, m hnh lin kt.

Phn tch d liu trong h thng v xy dng m hnh

quan h.

4. Ci t

Tm hiu s qua v h qun tr c s d liu.

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Tin hnh ci t chng trnh Qun l hc sinh THPT s

dng Mcrosoft Access.

5. Kt thc d n.

Tin hnh rt kinh nghim trong qu trnh hon thnh h thng,

chuyn giao d n.

Do cn nhiu hn ch nn phn mm cn mt s hn ch:

- Chng trnh cha c tnh chuyn nghip cao.

- Cha gii quyt trn vn nhng vn ny sinh trong cng tc

qun l

- Chng trnh cha t tnh thm m cao

- Chng trnh ny mi ch chy trn my n l.

Chng em hi vng c th pht trin ti theo hng:

Xy dng phn mm vi cc chc nng yu cu thit thc

trong thc t hn.

Xy dng chng trnh s dng cc ngn ng lp trnh khc

nh Vb, VC.Net, VB.Net, VJ.Net

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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Roger s.Pressman, K ngh phn mm (Tp 1) , NXB Gio Dc.

[2]. Nguyn Vn Ba, Phn tch v thit k h thng thng tin, NXB i hc

Quc Gia H Ni.

[3] Nguyn S Dng, Tin hc vn phng Mcrosoft Access 2000, NXB i

Hc Quc Gia TP H Ch Minh.

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