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Rac
coon
rabi
es M
anag
emen
t in
Que
bec,
Can
ada
US
AH
A –
2015
ann
ual m
eetin
gC
omm
ittee
on
Pub
lic H
ealth
and
Rab
ies
Mar
iann
e G
agni
erM
inis
try o
f For
est,
Wild
life
and
Par
ks, Q
uébe
c, C
anad
a
Oct
ober
27,
201
51
•19
99-2
000:
In C
anad
a, fi
rst c
ases
re
porte
d in
ON
(fro
m N
YS
) and
then
in
NB
(fro
m M
E)
•20
06: F
irst c
ases
in Q
uebe
c (fr
om V
T)
•20
06 -
2009
: 104
cas
es w
ere
conf
irmed
in Q
uébe
c
Qué
bec
Virg
inie
His
tory
of R
acco
on R
abie
s in
Que
bec
2
Virg
inie
An
Evol
utiv
e C
ontr
ol S
trat
egy
•B
efor
e 20
06: P
reve
nt e
ntry
(VT)
•20
06-2
009:
Con
trol a
nd E
limin
atio
n
•Si
nce
2010
: Pre
vent
ent
ry (V
T / N
YS
)
3
2009
2006
2007
2008
Pos
itive
effe
cts
of th
e P
rogr
am:
-200
6 to
200
9: d
ecre
ase
of a
ffect
ed a
rea
-Las
t cas
es in
200
9
-201
0 -M
ay 2
015:
Que
bec
is “R
abie
s Fr
ee”
-Que
bec
Rab
ies
Con
trol P
rogr
am: a
«su
cces
s st
ory
»
-New
thre
at: N
YS
out
brea
k
Rac
coon
Rab
ies
Con
trol
Pro
gram
: 20
06-2
009
4
5
������
����
��
����
���
����������
����
��
•25
0 km
of b
orde
r with
US
A (V
T an
d N
YS
)•
No
natu
ral b
arrie
rs /
Man
y po
rts o
f ent
ry•
2015
NY
S o
utbr
eak
(15
case
s as
of O
ctob
er 1
4th
2015
)
•Ak
wes
asne
cas
e (Q
C) –
May
29t
h20
15
Nee
d to
sta
y vi
gila
nt!
6
Mai
n go
als
:
•P
reve
nt e
ntry
(con
trol)
•Q
uick
det
ectio
n (s
urve
illanc
e)
•If
rein
trodu
ctio
n : P
reve
nt s
prea
ding
(con
trol)
•C
olla
bora
te w
ith n
eigh
borin
g ju
risdi
ctio
ns to
:
•pu
sh s
outh
the
north
east
ern
epid
emic
fron
t
•re
ach
racc
oon
rabi
es e
limin
atio
n
Cur
rent
Rac
coon
Rab
ies
Con
trol
Pro
gram
6
Con
trol (
OR
V)
Com
mun
icat
ion
Com
pone
nts
of th
e pr
ogra
m:
Enha
nced
sur
veilla
nce
Res
earc
h
Cur
rent
Rac
coon
Rab
ies
Con
trol
Pro
gram
7
Goa
ls :
•D
etec
t qui
ckly
any
cas
es
•In
cas
e of
intro
duct
ion,
follo
w e
volu
tion
of ra
bies
spr
eadi
ng•
Hel
p qu
ick
inte
rven
tions
for a
mor
e ef
ficie
nt a
nd le
ss e
xpen
sive
con
trol
Enha
nced
Sur
veill
ance
NY
VTN
H
Mon
trea
l
ON
������
���
�
8
How
?•
Sta
rted
in 2
007,
don
e by
wild
life
tech
nici
ans
•Ta
rger
ted
spec
ies
: rac
coon
, sku
nk, f
ox
•3
sour
ces:
•C
itize
ns re
port
s: s
trang
e ac
ting
anim
als
or d
ead
•R
oad
kills
•H
uman
/ an
imal
exp
osur
es(fr
om H
ealth
Dep
.)
•80
0-10
00 d
RIT
/yea
r Adv
anta
ges
Low
cos
t Ea
sy to
cov
er a
larg
e ar
eaB
est w
ay to
find
rabi
d an
imal
s
Enha
nced
Sur
veill
ance
9
NYS
VTN
H
Mon
trea
l
Enha
nced
sur
veill
ance
-So
far i
n 20
15…
As o
f Oct
ober
22,
201
5:-
723
spec
imen
s co
llect
ed: 4
97ro
adki
lls, 1
48 re
porte
d by
citi
zens
, 78
othe
rs-
1 po
sitiv
es(S
t.Reg
is, A
kwes
asne
, QC
–M
ay 2
9) +
15
case
s in
NY
S
ON
Oct
14
NYS
2015
Enh
ance
d Su
rvei
llanc
e –
Sout
hwes
t
ON
Oct
14
Goa
ls :
•Im
mun
ized
racc
oons
(hum
an h
ealth
pro
tect
ion)
•C
reat
e an
d m
aint
ain
a im
mun
itary
bar
rier
•If
rabi
es c
omes
bac
k: p
reve
nt s
prea
ding
of t
he d
isea
se
Con
trol
: O
ral R
abie
s Va
ccin
atio
n (O
RV)
Adv
anta
ges
Lots
of a
nim
als
vacc
inat
ed in
a s
hort
per
iod
of ti
me
Less
exp
ensi
ve th
an o
ther
met
hods
(TV
R o
r red
uctio
n)12
Con
trol
: OR
V
How
?
•Rac
coon
s Im
mun
izat
ion:
Use
of O
NR
AB
vac
cine
bai
t onl
y
•Kee
p an
app
ropr
iate
imm
uniz
atio
n le
vel
•65%
in h
igh
risk
zone
s (a
long
the
bord
er)
•50%
in m
oder
ate
risk
zone
s
•Tar
gete
d O
NR
AB
dis
trib
utio
n co
nsid
erin
g:
• Rac
coon
den
sity
•Hab
itat q
ualit
y
•Rig
ht ti
min
g (e
arly
spr
ing,
late
sum
mer
)
13
Aer
ialb
aitin
g(p
lane
) •
Den
sity
base
don
hab
itat q
ualit
y(7
5-12
5 ba
its/k
m²)
•
Dro
p ba
itson
lyin
racc
oon
habi
tat
•Ed
ges
of la
rge
cultu
re fi
eld
only
Con
trol
: OR
V
14
Gro
und
hand
bai
ting:
•
Targ
et ra
ccoo
n+
skun
kpr
ime
habi
tats
(6
0-10
0 ba
its/k
m²)
•W
here
aeria
loff
time
isov
er 6
5%•
Dee
pva
lleys
(por
ts o
f ent
ry)
•Ex
perie
nced
trapp
ers
Con
trol
: OR
V
15
2015
OR
V Pl
an
Con
side
ring
the
curr
ent s
ituat
ion
in th
e U
S:•
Rec
ent N
YS
out
brea
k•
Leve
l of e
nhan
ced
surv
eilla
nce
(com
parin
g w
ith Q
C)
•U
se o
f ON
RA
B: f
ield
tria
ls, l
icen
sing
in p
roce
ss
Bas
elin
e: S
ame
OR
V Pl
an th
an 2
014
+Sp
ecifi
c ac
tions
in re
actio
n of
NYS
out
brea
k •E
xten
d sp
ring
baiti
ng z
one
•Inc
reas
e ha
nd b
aitin
g de
nsity
•Akw
esas
ne h
and
baiti
ng (J
une
and
Aug
ust)
•Inc
reas
e ae
rial b
aitin
g de
nsity
in A
ugus
t
Enha
nced
sur
veill
ance
: mor
e ef
fort
nea
r NYS
out
brea
k 16
Incr
ease
OR
V ac
tions
ne
ar N
YS
17
2015
OR
V Pl
an: A
dapt
ed to
NYS
Out
brea
k
50 k
m
706
400
ON
RAB
bai
ts
6 90
0 km
2co
vere
d
From
Apr
il to
Sep
tem
ber
Red
uced
OR
V zo
ne
of 4
86 k
m2
(eas
t)
18
Spec
ific
actio
ns in
sou
thw
este
rn Q
C
Akw
esas
ne:
•Ext
end
hand
bai
ting
•Are
a of
14
km2
•150
bai
ts/k
m2
•Jun
e &
Aug
ust
Hun
tingt
on a
rea:
•Ext
end
hand
bai
ting
•Are
a of
75
km2
•May
& A
ugus
t•1
00 b
aits
/km
2W
este
rn a
eria
l OR
V z
one:
•� b
aitin
g de
nsity
10
0 to
125
bai
ts/k
m2
•Ove
r 790
km
2
Hun
tingt
on a
rea:
•� h
and
baiti
ng d
ensi
ty•7
0 to
100
bai
ts/k
m2
•Are
a of
275
km
2
•May
& A
ugus
t
Exte
nd b
aitin
g ar
ea
Incr
ease
bai
t den
sity
Post
-OR
V M
onito
ring
Why
?•
Ass
ess
herd
imm
unity
of o
ur v
acci
natio
n ba
rrier
•P
opul
atio
n im
mun
ity is
the
mai
n va
riabl
e in
fluen
cing
pro
babi
lity
that
rabi
es
brea
ches
the
boun
dary
of a
vac
cina
tion
barri
er (R
ees
and
al. 2
013)
In 2
014:
•3 c
ells
(100
km
2ea
ch)
•319
racc
oons
•10
days
20
2015
Pos
t-OR
V M
onito
ring
In 2
015:
•3 c
ells
(100
km
2ea
ch)
•Tar
get 3
50 ra
ccoo
ns
•Fro
m O
ctob
er 1
2 to
22
��
�
56km
9km
39km
9km
12km
36km
7km
1km
0,5k
m9k
mPost
-OR
V M
onito
ring
Wha
t do
we
lear
n fr
om
mar
ked
racc
oons
? •
Mov
emen
t of 5
6 km
ove
r 1 y
ear!
•U
S to
QC
in le
ss th
an 5
mon
ths!
•N
o re
al n
atur
el b
arrie
r
18 R
/100
NP
20 R
/100
NP
21
R/1
00N
P14
R/1
00N
P13
R
/100
NP
Sou
thw
este
rn Q
uébe
c :
Hig
hest
racc
oon
dens
ity
sinc
e 20
07!
23R
/100
NP
Wha
t do
we
lear
n fr
om
trap
ping
suc
cess
?
Post
-OR
V M
onito
ring
Econ
omic
asp
ect o
f Rab
ies
Con
trol
Pro
gram
•M
ajor
eco
nom
y :
•P
ublic
hea
lth p
rote
ctio
n (2
.4 M
inha
bita
nts
in M
ontre
al a
rea)
5 M
$ to
5.5
M$
/ yea
r *
*For
the
first
yea
r, if
rabi
es re
ache
s M
ontre
al a
rea
WIT
HO
UT
cont
rol p
rogr
am
VS.
WIT
H c
ontr
ol p
rogr
am
1.8
M$
/ yea
r
•P
reve
ntio
n =
3.5
M$
savi
ngs
/ yea
r
23*
Bio
econ
omic
Mod
ellin
g of
Rac
coon
Rab
ies
Spr
ead
Man
agem
ent I
mpa
cts
in Q
uebe
c, C
anad
a. S
. Shw
iff e
t al.
2012
, in
Tran
sbou
ndar
y an
d E
mer
ging
Dis
ease
s.
doi:1
0.11
11/j.
1865
-168
2.20
12.0
1351
.x
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25
Rab
ies
in O
ther
Can
adia
n pr
ovin
ces:
Ont
ario
Fox
Rab
ies
Then
…
•19
56-1
989:
ave
rage
of 1
500
ra
bies
cas
es/y
ear
•19
86:3
273
cas
es
•19
89: 2
064
rabi
es c
ases
(909
foxe
s)
•19
89: F
irst l
arge
-sca
le O
RV
in
east
ern
Ont
ario
•B
y 19
94: a
lmos
t all
of s
outh
ern
Ont
ario
was
bei
ng b
aite
d
•19
95: o
nly
328
case
s (a
bout
80%
de
crea
se in
6 y
ears
)
26
Rab
ies
in O
ther
Can
adia
n pr
ovin
ces:
Ont
ario
Fox
Rab
ies
Now
…
•Ju
ne 2
012:
Las
t con
firm
ed fo
x st
rain
ca
se in
sou
ther
n O
ntar
io
•C
ases
are
stil
l pre
sent
in n
orth
ern
Ont
ario
•C
ases
in s
outh
ern
Ont
ario
are
lim
ited
to b
ats
•E
nhan
ced
surv
eilla
nce
(dR
IT):
repo
rted
susp
ect a
nim
als
with
out
cont
act
From
“R
abie
s ca
pita
l of N
orth
Am
eric
a” to
“R
abie
s fr
ee”
27
Oth
er C
anad
ian
prov
ince
s: O
ntar
io
Rac
coon
Rab
ies
Then
…
•19
99: F
irst c
ase
of ra
ccoo
n ra
bies
in e
aste
rn O
ntar
io (J
uly
14)
•19
99-2
005:
tota
l of 1
32 c
ases
•C
ontro
l act
ions
: Lim
ited
spre
ad to
49
km in
6+
year
s (e
aste
rn O
ntar
io)
•W
ithou
t Con
trol:
may
hav
e sp
read
240
-360
km
in 6
yea
rs
����� !!�
����� !!"
28
Oth
er C
anad
ian
prov
ince
s: O
ntar
io
Rac
coon
Rab
ies
Now
…
•S
epte
mbe
r 200
5: L
ast c
onfir
med
cas
e
•C
ases
eve
ry y
ear i
n no
rther
n N
YS
•P
roac
tive
OR
V a
long
bor
der:
prev
ent r
einf
ectio
n fro
m N
YS
cas
es
•E
nhan
ced
surv
eilla
nce
(dR
IT):
repo
rted
susp
ect a
nim
als
with
out c
onta
ct
29
Oth
er C
anad
ian
prov
ince
s: N
ew B
runs
wic
k
Rac
coon
Rab
ies
–20
00-2
002
Out
brea
k
•S
epte
mbe
r 200
0: F
irst c
ase
dete
cted
•S
epte
mbe
r 200
1: B
egin
ning
of c
ontro
l m
easu
res
(Red
uctio
n, T
VR
)
•20
00 -
2002
: tot
al o
f 61
case
s
•20
02: L
ast c
ase
in M
ay
•20
02: R
educ
tion
and
TVR
•20
03-2
007:
TV
R
•20
08: O
RV
usi
ng O
NR
AB
•20
08: L
ast y
ear o
f con
trol,
afte
r 8 y
ears
30
Oth
er C
anad
ian
prov
ince
s: N
ew B
runs
wic
k
Rac
coon
Rab
ies
–20
14 to
pre
sent
•M
ay 2
014:
New
incu
rsio
n of
racc
oon
rabi
es
•M
ay 2
014
to O
ctob
er 2
015:
26
case
s
•E
nhan
ced
surv
eilla
nce
(citi
zen
repo
rts) +
com
mun
icat
ion/
info
rmat
ion
•P
rovi
ncia
l coo
rdin
ator
•A
ugus
t 201
5: C
ontro
l beg
an O
RV
usi
ng O
NR
AB
31
Oth
er C
anad
ian
prov
ince
s: N
ew B
runs
wic
k
Rac
coon
Rab
ies
–20
14 to
pre
sent
•O
RV
sta
rted
on A
ugus
t 22
•O
RV
Com
plet
ed o
n Se
ptem
ber
•3
100
km2
cove
red:
•21
3 20
0 O
NR
AB u
sed
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'
Than
ks!
Que
stio
ns ?
32
