Chuyn tt nghip GVHD: GS.TS c Bnh

TRNG I HC KINH T QUC DNKHOA THNG MI V KINH T QUC T~~~~~~*~~~~~~

CHUYN THC TP TIRo cn k thut i vi hng may mc Vit Nam, cc bin php y mnh xut khu hng may mc cng ty C phn May 10Gio vin hng dn:GS.TS. C BNH

Sinh vin thc hin:NGUYN TH THU HNG

Lp:KINH T QUC T 48B

H NI - 2010 MC LC 1LI M U

5CHNG 1: PHN TCH THC TRNG RO CN K THUT I VI HNG MAY MC VIT NAM

51.1Khi qut v cng ty c phn May 10

51.1.1 Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin

111.1.2 C cu t chc b my ca cng ty

141.1.3 Cc hot ng ch yu ca cng ty

151.2Tnh hnh xut khu ca cng ty c phn May 10

151.2.1 Cc th trng ca cng ty

151.2.1.1 Hoa K

171.2.1.2 EU

191.2.1.3 Nht Bn

201.2.2 Cc sn phm xut khu ch yu ca cng ty

221.2.3 Kt qu hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty

231.3 Nhng ro cn k thut ang c p dng i vi hng may mc Vit Nam (trong c May 10)

231.3.1 Mt s ro cn k thut chung i vi hng may mc

241.3.2 Mt s ro cn k thut i vi hng may mc nhp khu vo EU

251.3.2.1Quy nh v m bo an ton v sc khe cho ngi tiu dng

271.3.2.2 Quy nh v tiu chun cht lng ISO 9000

281.3.2.3 Quy nh i vi tiu chun trch nhim x hi SA 8000

291.3.2.4 Cc quy nh v bo v mi trng

311.3.3 Mt s ro cn k thut i vi hng may mc ti Hoa K

341.3.4 Mt s ro cn k thut i vi hng may mc ti Nht Bn

371.4Cc bin php m cng ty p dng p ng cc ro cn ca nc nhp khu

391.5 nh gi chung v mc p ng ro cn k thut i vi hng may mc xut khu ca cng ty

391.5.1 u im

401.5.2 Nhc im

421.5.3 Nguyn nhn

432.1 Quan im, nh hng chin lc ca ng v Nh nc y mnh sn xut v xut khu hng dt may Vit Nam (bao gm hng may mc)

432.1.1 Quan im pht trin

442.1.2 Mc tiu pht trin

452.1.3 nh hng pht trin

452.1.3.1 Sn phm

452.1.3.2 u t v pht trin sn xut

462.1.3.3 Bo v mi trng

462.2 Mt s gii php thch nghi vi cc ro cn k thut nhm y mnh xut khu ti cng ty c phn May 10

462.2.1 Gii php i vi cng ty

472.2.1.1 Quan tm hn na ti vn mi trng

472.2.1.2 Thc hin tt tiu chun SA 8000

482.2.1.3 Nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca cng ty cng sn phm may mc ca mnh

492.2.1.4 Tch cc xy dng thng hiu v thc hin cc bin php Marketing thc y xut khu

492.2.1.5 Bo him ri ro khi xut khu hng ha

502.2.2 Kin ngh i vi Nh nc

502.2.2.1 Hon thin h thng tiu chun cht lng theo tiu chun quc t

512.2.2.2 Nng cao hiu qu hot ng ca cc xc tin thng mi

522.2.2.3 Tng cng s hiu bit v thng hiu v cc vn thng mi v mi trng

522.2.2.4 Pht trin cc yu t u vo (bao gm nguyn ph liu cung cp cho ngnh may v ngun nhn lc)

532.2.3 Kin ngh vi Hip hi dt may Vit Nam

55KT LUN

56PH LC

56PH LC I: QUY NH LIN QUAN N BAO B V PH LIU BAO B

57PH LC II: DANH SCH CC AMIN B CM

58PH LC III: NHNG CHT C CHO L C NGUY C RT CAO

63Danh mc ti liu tham kho

Danh mc bng Bng 1.1: Cc n v sn xut chnh ca cng ty c phn May 10 (tnh n nm 2009)Bng 1.2: My mc thit b.Bng 1.3: Cc mt hng xut khu ca cng ty may 10 vo th trng Hoa KBng 1.4: Cc mt hng xut khu ca cng ty may 10 vo th trng EUBng 1.5: Cc mt hng xut khu ca cng ty may 10 sang th trng Nht BnBng 1.6: Cc sn phm ch yu ca cng ty th trng nc ngoiBng 1.7: Kt qu sn xut kinh doanh ca cng tyBng 1.8: Phn loi kh nng chy ca qun o tr emBng 1.9: Nhng nguyn tc to m s ca nh sn xutBng 1.10: Th trng nhp nguyn ph liu theo hp ng FOBBng 2.1: Mc tiu pht trinBng 2.2: Cc ch tiu pht trinDanh mc hnhHnh 1.1: S b my qun lHnh 1.2: Th d v nhn mc i vi vi laHnh 1.3: Th d v nhn mc i vi vi vcDanh mc ch vit ttWTO- World Trade Organization- T chc thng mi th giiISO- International Organization for Standardization- T chc tiu chun ha quc tAPQO- Asia Pacific Quality Organization- T chc cht lng quc t Chu - Thi Bnh DngCTTP- Cng ty c phnJETRO - Japan External Trade Organization- T chc xc tin thng mi Nht BnSA8000 - A Social Accountability Standard- Tiu chun trch nhim x hiInternational Labour Organization- T chc Lao ng quc tCPSC-Consumer Product Safety Commission- y ban an ton tiu dng Hoa KJIS- Japanese Industrial Standards Tiu chun cng nghip Nht BnCHLB- Cng ha lin bangCSM- Cyber Station manager- chng trnh qun l phng myIQNET- - The international certification network- Mng li chng nhn quc tLI M U1. Tnh tt yu ca tit nc Vit Nam nm trong khu vc ng Nam , c lch s pht trin lu i. T mt nn kinh t nng nghip lc hu, ngy nay Vit Nam l mt quc gia ang pht trin vi tc tng trng tng i cao v kh n nh. Theo thng k ti website www.cia.gov v xp hng 100 nn kinh t c tc tng trng nhanh nht th gii nm 2006 th nn kinh t Vit Nam ng th 28/100 vi tc tng trng t 7,8%. Nm 2008, thu nhp bnh qun u ngi ca Vit Nam t 1024USD, thot khi ngng ngho, tc tng trng t 6,23%- c gim so vi nhng nm trc do nh hng t cuc khng hong kinh t ti chnh ton cu. Tuy nhin so vi cc nc trn th gii b nh hng t cuc i suy thoi th con s ni trn vn l mt con s kh cao. ng gp trong s pht trin ni trn, khng th khng k n vai tr ca ngoi thng. Trong vng 17 nm tnh t 1989-2006, tng kim ngch xut nhp khu khng ngng tng nhanh (trung bnh 19%/ nm). Tc tng xut nhp khu cao hn tc tng trng GDP khong 2,7 ln nn vai tr ca ngoi thng ngy cng quan trng trong GDP. Trong c cu hng xut khu, bn cnh nhng mt hng xut khu quan trng ca ta nh du th, hng nng sn, thy sn, g v th cng m ngh, khng th khng k n ng gp to ln ca mt hng may mc. c im ca nhng mt hng ny l s dng nhiu lao ng v lao ng khng cn c k thut cao, ph hp vi iu kin ca Vit Nam trong giai on hin nay. L mt quc gia ng dn thuc tp 15 trn th gii v ng th 3 trong cc nc ASEAN, sau Indonexia v Philipine, vi khong 82,6 triu ngi, Vit Nam c ngun lao ng di do v gi nhn cng thp. Bi vy y mnh xut khu mt hng may mc trong giai on u cng nghip ha hin i ha t nc c vai tr c bit quan trng.Trong nhng nm trc y (trc nm 1986), th trng xut khu ch yu ca Vit Nam l Lin X v cc nc ng u (chim khong 80% kim ngch xut nhp khu). Nhng thi gian gn y, cng vi xu hng ton cu ha, quc t ha i sng kinh t quc t, th trng xut khu ca Vit Nam c m rng mt cch ng k. Hin nay, Vit Nam c quan h bun bn vi 165 quc gia trn th gii, trong k Hip nh song phng vi 72 nc. Hng may mc ca ta xut khu i nhiu ni trn th gii, trong 3 th trng ln ca ta l Hoa K, EU v Nht Bn. Tuy nhin 3 th trng ny cng l nhng th trng c yu cu kht khe nht khi nhp khu hng ha, c th hin thng qua h thng ro cn k thut tinh vi, phc tp. Hn na, trong iu kin cc cng c thu quan, hn ngch ngy cng b hn ch theo tinh thn t do ha thng mi trong WTO th cc loi ro cn k thut cng tr nn thng dng hn. y l cch lm duy nht v tt yu cc nc bo v ngi tiu dng, li ch quc gia v nn sn xut ni a. to iu kin thun li cho xut khu hng ha, nhiu nc trn th gii nghin cu mt cch c h thng cc ro cn k thut do cc nc nhp khu dng ln, xy dng cc bin php p ng cc ro cn . V vy, tt yu phi nghin cu k v vn ro cn trong thng mi, m c th y l i vi mt hng may mc nhm y mnh xut khu mt hng ny sang th trng cc nc.2. Mc ch nghin cu ti s nghin cu v thc trng ca ro cn k thut i vi hng may mc Vit Nam, nhng tc ng ca n ti hot ng xut khu nhm a ra mt s gii php nhm y mnh xut khu mt hng ny trong thi gian ti. ng thi ti s i su vo nghin cu tnh hnh sn xut v xut khu ti mt doanh nghip c th, m y l cng ty c phn May 10- mt doanh nghip nh nc c quy m tng i ln v l cnh chim u n ca ngnh dt may Vit Nam.3. i tng v phm vi nghin cu ti s tp trung nghin cu thc trng ro cn k thut i vi hng may mc Vit Nam v mt s gii php vt ro, y mnh xut khu mt hng ny. Trong khun kh ti, phm vi nghin cu s gii hn ro cn k thut ang c 3 th trng ch lc ca ta p dng l Hoa K, EU v Nht Bn. Bn cnh s tp trung nghin cu tnh hnh xut khu hng may mc ti ti cng ty c phn May 10 v a ra mt s gii php ch yu.4. Phng php nghin cuV y l mn hc kinh t ngnh v l mn khoa hc x hi nn cc phng php nghin cu c s dng ch yu bao gm:Phng php duy vt bin chng i hi phi nghin cu cc s vt hin tng trong s vn ng v trong mi quan h tc ng qua li vi cc s vt hin tng khc.Phng php duy vt lch s i hi nghin cu cc s vt hin tng thc ti nhng c mi lin h cht ch vi qu kh, lch s ca cc s vt hin tng . Nh vy m c th d bo c xu hng vn ng v pht trin ca s vt v hin tng trong tng lai.Cc phng php thng k, so snh, phng php tng hp, phn tch nh gi v vn dng quan im pht trin kinh t ca ng v Nh nc ta. 5. B cc tiVi nhng ni dung c bn nu trn, bn cnh li m u v kt lun cng danh mc ti liu tham kho, em xin c chia ti thnh 2 phn ln:Chng 1: Phn tch thc trng ca ro cn k thut i vi hng may mc Vit NamChng 2: Gii php y mnh xut khu hng may mc ti cng ty c phn May 10 Cui cng em xin gi li cm n n GS.TS c Bnh, trng i hc Kinh t quc dn gip em hon thnh ti ng thi hn. ng thi em cng v cng bit n cc anh ch trong phng k hoch cng ty c phn May 10 gip em rt nhiu trong thi gian thc tp. LI CAM OANTi xin cam oan ni dung bo co vit l do bn thn thc hin khng sao chp, ct dn cc bo co hoc lun vn ca ngi khc; nu sai phm ti xin chu k lut vi nh trng. H ni ngy 10 thng 5 nm 2010 K tnH v tn: Nguyn Th Thu HngCHNG 1: PHN TCH THC TRNG RO CN K THUT I VI HNG MAY MC VIT NAM1.1 Khi qut v cng ty c phn May 10 1.1.1 Lch s hnh thnh v pht trinCc giai on pht trin: Cng ty c phn May 10 hin nay, tin thn l cc cng xng v bn cng xng qun nhu c t chc t nm 1946 hot ng phn tn phc v b i chng Php ti cc chin trng Vit Bc, Khu 3, Khu 4 v Nam B. T cho n nay May 10 tri qua cc giai on pht trin nh sau:- Giai on 1t 1946-1960: Sau cch mng Thng 8 nm 1945 do nhu cu phc v b i nn hnh thnh cc t may. Ngy 19/12/1946 sau li ku gi ton quc khng chin ca Ch tch H Ch Minh cc t may qun trang cng di di ln chin khu Vit Bc. Ban u cc xng may u hot ng trong hon cnh thiu thn v kh khn v nguyn vt liu. T nm 1949 cc xng may qun trang m rng ra nhiu vng nh Thanh Ha, Ninh Bnhv c t tn theo cc b s nh X1 n X30 l tin thn ca xng may 10 sau ny.Nm 1951 n nm 1954 khng chin thng li xng may 10 c chuyn v H Ni c iu kin sn xut tt hn v st nhp vi xng may X40 Thanh Ha v ly Hi X Bc Ninh lm a im chnh.Cui nm 1956 n u nm 1957 x nghip may 10 c m rng thm v nhim v chnh vn l may qun trang.- Giai on t bao cp lm quen vi hch ton kinh t (1961-1964):Xut pht t yu cu xy dng t nc khi min Bc i ln ch ngha x hi, thng 2/1961 x nghip May 10 c B Cng Nghip Nh giao hch ton hng nm tnh theo gi tr tng sn lng. Tuy chuyn i qun l nhng mt hng ch yu vn l qun trang chim t 90%-95% cn li l mt s mt hng phc v xut khu v dn dng. Nm 1965 x nghip b bn ph nhng vn bo m c sn xut v bo v c ton b my mc.- Giai on chuyn hng may gia cng xut khu (1975-1985): Nm 1975 x nghip chuyn sang sn xut v gia cng hng xut khu cho th trng l Lin X c v cc nc ng u.Nm 1984 hi ng xt duyt cp nh nc chng nhn x nghip c hai mt hng t cht lng cp 1.- Giai on t 1986 n nay:Nm 1987 l thi k m rng sn xut v u t thm nhiu my mc thit b.Nm 1990-1992 x nghip chuyn hng th trng sang cc nc Cng ha lin bang c, B, NhtNm 1992 B Cng Nghip Nh quyt nh chuyn x nghip May 10 thnh cng ty May 10 vi tn giao dch quc t l GARCO 10. Cng ty c phn May 10 tr s chnh 25 phng Si ng, Long Bin, H Ni, giy chng nhn kinh doanh s 106286 ngy 7/4/1993Nm 2004 cng ty chuyn i t cng ty nh nc sang cng ty c phn. T mt doanh nghip nh nc nay c c phn ha, May 10 c t cch php nhn v hch ton c lp, chuyn sn xut v kinh doanh hng may mc phc v cho tiu dng trong nc v xut khu quc t, thc hin tt cc hot ng kinh doanh trong khun kh php lut.Mt s thnh tch t c: Sn phm May 10 t lu xut khu sang cc th trng chu u, Hoa K v c nh gi cao. Nhng nm gn y, cng ty tip tc y mnh chinh phc th trng ni a bng nhng mu m sn phm mi ph hp vi ngi Vit Nam. Phn khc th trng m May 10 hng n l nhng khch hng thnh t, nhng ngi lm vic trong cc cng s. May 10 nhiu nm t gii Cht lng vng Vit Nam, thng hiu Hng Vit Nam cht lng cao. May 10 l n v duy nht trong ngnh dt may Vit Nam c trao gii thng cht lng quc t Chu - Thi Bnh Dng do APQO trao tng, cng nh cc chng ch quc t ISO 9002, ISO 14001, IQNET.n nay, May 10 c 14 x nghip thnh vin , 8000 lao ng, 4000 my mc thit b hin i ngang tm quc t. Nng lc mi nm t 18 triu sn phm, trong xut khu ch yu sang 3 th trng ln l Hoa K (khong 37%), EU (khong 37%) v Nht Bn (khong 10-15%) vi nhng thng hiu ni ting th gii nh Pierre Cardin, Alian Dalon, Seidensticker, Camel, Pharaon Series, Bigman, CleopetreBng 1.1: Cc n v sn xut chnh ca cng ty c phn May 10 (tnh n 2009):X NGHIP MAY 1Din tch:2000m2a im:H NiLao ng:750 ngiSn lng:2.200.000sp/ nTh trng:Nht, M, EUSn phm ch yu:S mi cc loi

X NGHIP MAY 2Din tch:2000m2a im:H NiLao ng:750 ngiSn lng:2.300.000sp/ nTh trng:Hungary, M, EUSn phm ch yu:S mi cc loi

X NGHIP MAY 5Din tch:2000m2a im:H NiLao ng:750 ngiSn lng:2000.000 sp/ nTh trng:M, EUSn phm ch yu:S mi cc loi

X NGHIP VESTON 1 Din tch:2000m2a im:H niLao ng:600 ngiSn lng:500.000 b/ nTh trng:EU, MSn phm ch yu:Veston

X NGHIP VESTON 2 Din tch:2000m2a im:H NiLao ng:500 ngiSn lng:200.000 b/ nTh trng:NhtSn phm ch yu:Veston

X NGHIP VESTON 3Din tch:6500 m2a im:Hi PhngLao ng:600 ngiSn lng:500.000 b/ nTh trng:M, EU, Hn Quc, NhtSn phm ch yu:Veston

X NGHIP MAY V HONG Din tch:1560 m2a im:Nam nhLao ng:350 ngiSn lng:700.000 sp/ nTh trng:M, EUSn phm ch yu:Qun u, Jacket

X NGHIP MAY NG HNG Din tch:800m2a im:Thi BnhLao ng:350ngiSn lng:700.000 sp/ nTh trng:M, EUSn phm ch yu:Qun u, Jacket

X NGHIP MAY HNG H Din tch:9500m2a im:Thi BnhLao ng:1200ngiSn lng:2000.000 sp/ nTh trng:M, EUSn phm ch yu:Qun u, Jacket

X NGHIP MAY THI H Din tch:1800m2a im:Thi BnhLao ng:800ngiSn lng:2.000.000sp/ nTh trng:M, EUSn phm ch yu:Jacket, S mi

X NGHIP MAY PH NG Din tch:850m2a im:H NiLao ng:300ngiSn lng:1000.000 sp/ nTh trng:M, EUSn phm ch yu:Jacket, S mi

X NGHIP MAY BM SN Din tch:2300m2a im:Thanh HaLao ng:800ngiSn lng:1000.000 sp/ nTh trng:M, EUSn phm ch yu:Jacket, Qun u

X NGHIP MAY H QUNGDin tch:4500m2a im:Qung BnhLao ng:600ngiSn lng:1.600.000 sp/ nTh trng:M, EU, ...Sn phm ch yu:Jacket, S mi

Ngun: website www.garco10.com.vn Qua bng 1.1 ta thy cc n v sn xut ch yu ca cng ty c phn b nhiu ni, ch yu ti cc tnh pha Bc v 2 tnh min Trung l Thanh Ha v Qung Bnh, cho php cng ty c th khai thc li th ca tng a phng v nguyn ph liu, mt bng sn xut v lao ng. Ngoi 13 phn xng k trn, May 10 cn c cc phn xng sn xut ph bao gm:Phn xng in thu git: c trch nhim thu in cc ha tit v cc sn phm theo ng mu m quy nh, ng thi git sn phm trc khi ng gi nu c yu cu trong hp ng.Phn xng c in: ph tr, duy tr ngun in cho sn xut, ng thi bo dng sa cha my mc thit b khi c s c xy ra.Phn xng bao b: c trch nhim cung cp cc loi bao b carton phc v ng gi sn phm.Bn cnh vic u t theo chiu rng bng vic xy dng h thng phn xng rng khp thuc min Bc v min Trung, cng ty c phn May 10 cng khng ngng u t theo chiu su thng qua nng cp h thng my mc thit b sn xut, ci to nng cp nh xng nhm m bo cc yu cu cht ch ca khch hng v an ton lao ng, mi trng, k thutHn na, mt h thng trang thit b tin tin hin i s gp phn nng cao nng sut, sn phm c cht lng cao hn p ng nhu cu kht khe ca th trng.Bng 1.2: My mc thit b:STTTnS lngSTTTnS lng

1My mt kim281418My t cc60

2My 2 kim23019My l16

3My 4 kim5620Ni hi25

4My vt s24221Bn l205

5My cun ng12922Bn gp170

6My nh cc14223My ct vng59

7My chn b8124My ct tay91

8My tha13325My thu 24 u3

9My tha u trn3326H thng git12

10My vt gu2227My sy16

11My dn ng may2228My vt4

12My Ziczac1329My nn kh19

13My b ti ct ch t ng930My quay vi10

14My dp Mch231H thng gic mu7

15My p Mch2632My dt nhn2

16My p ln c4133Suits factory equipment258

17My ln p bc tay19

Ngun: website www.garco10.com.vnPhn ln my mc thit b ca cng ty l mi, hin i, c nhp khu t Nht Bn, Hoa K v mt s t Trung Quc c chia ra lm 3 nhm chnh: cc thit b to ng may, mi may; cc thit b phc v cho qu trnh sn xut v cc thit b cn li (my kim tra vi). 1.1.2 C cu t chc b my ca cng tyXut pht t c im ca lnh vc kinh doanh l ngnh hng may mc, mt ngnh i hi phi ra nhiu quyt nh nhanh chng nhng c tnh lp li, b my qun l ca cng ty c xy dng theo m hnh trc tuyn- chc nng.Hnh 1.1: S b my qun l:

Ngun: Phng t chc lao ng- CTCP May 10Nhim v chc nng ca b phn qun l:Hi ng qun tr: l c quan qun l cng ty, c ton quyn nhn danh cng ty quyt nh mi vn lin quan n mc ch quyn li ca cng ty, tr nhng vn thuc thm quyn ca i hi c ng.Tng gim c l ngi iu hnh hot ng hng ngy ca cng ty, l i din theo php lut ca cng ty v chu trch nhim trc hi ng qun tr v vic thc hin quyn v ngha v c giao.Ph tng gim c l ngi gip vic tng gim c c y quyn thay mt tng gim c gii quyt cc cng vic khi tng gim c vng mt; chu trch nhim trc tng gim c v php lut v cc quyt nh ca mnh; c tng gim c y quyn m phn v k kt mt s hp ng vi i tc trong v ngoi nc.Gim c iu hnh l ngi gip vic cho tng gim c, c y quyn thay mt tng gim c v ph tng gim c khi vng mt, gip iu hnh cc cng vic cc n v thuc phm vi qun l.Cc x nghip may l cc n v sn xut may mc gm cc khu t ct may n ng gi v giao hng.X nghip dch v sn xut v cung cp cc dch v: thu, git, hm hp carton, ba lng, khoanh c, in n trn bao bPhng k hoch: xy dng mc tiu v k hoch sn xut kinh doanh chung ca ton cng ty, qun l cc hot ng kinh doanh quc t, cn i k hoch v iu sn xut. Qun l cc kho nguyn ph liu v cc thit b bao b thnh phmPhng kinh doanh: qun l cc hot ng kinh doanh trong ncPhng k thut qun l cng tc k thut v cng ngh trong ton cng ty thit k mt bng sn xut ca cc doanh nghip chun b sn xut cc n hng c phn cngPhng QA xy dng h thng qun l v qun l cht lng sn phm trong ton cng ty v cc hot ng nh gi khch hngPhng ti chnh k ton qun l ti chnh tng hp phn tch kt qu hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty trn tng lnh vcPhng c in qun l thit b bo dng sa cha thit b ch to cng c trang thit b ph tr cung cp nng lng lp t cc h thng in hi nc kh nn v cc vn c lin quan trong sn xutBan t chc hnh chnh ph trch lao ng, tin lng, hnh chnh vn th, lu tr, qun tr i sng v i xe con, cng ngh thng tinBan u t qun l cc cng trnh u t xy dng ca cng ty duy tu bo dng sa cha cc cng trnh xy dngBan y t mi trng lao ng qun l khm cha bnh bo v sc khe v sinh phng dch phng chng bnh ngh nghip cho ton cng tyBan nghin cu t chc sn xut nghin cu tm kim phng php ci tin m hnh t chc sn xut ti u ci tin thao tc cho cc n v trong ton cng ty kim tra gim st vic thc hinBan marketing nghin cu pht trin th trng trong v ngoi ncBan thit k thi trang nghin cu v pht trin cc sn phm thi trang cho vic kinh doanhBan bo v qun s bo v an ninh v phng chng chy nTrng mm non chm sc cc chu trong tui mm non l con em ca cn b cng nhn vin trong cng tyTrng o to dy ngh cho lao ng bi dng nng cao trnh tay ngh cho cn b cng nhn vin 1.1.3 Cc hot ng ch yu ca cng tyCng ty C phn May 10 l doanh nghip c chuyn i t doanh nghip Nh nc trc thuc Tng cng ty dt may Vit Nam Vinatex. Vn ng theo s chuyn mnh ca quc gia, Cng ty May 10 ang dn chuyn dch t hnh thc may gia cng theo n t hng sang hnh thc xut khu FOB trn th trng quc t, ng thi vn ln tr thnh cng ty may mc hng u trn th trng ni a. Lnh vc hot ng ch yu ca cng ty l sn xut, kinh doanh cc loi qun o thi trang v nguyn ph liu ngnh may phc v cho xut khu v c tiu dng ni a.ng thi, cng ty cng tham gia vo mt s lnh vc khc nh kinh doanh cc mt hng th cng m ngh, cng nghip thc phm v cng nghip tiu dng; kinh doanh vn phng, bt ng sn, nh cho cng nhn v o to ngh.1.2 Tnh hnh xut khu ca cng ty c phn May 10 1.2.1 Cc th trng ca cng tyT lu, May 10 l mt thng hiu mnh, ni ting gn xa. Khch hng nc ngoi khi ni n May 10 , nhiu ni khng cn kim tra, sn sng t hng qua mng. Sn phm ca May 10 c xut khu ch yu sang 3 th trng ln l Hoa K, EU v Nht Bn. Trong , hng i Hoa K chim 37%, EU 37% v Nht Bn t 10-15%.C 3 th trng ny u l nhng nn kinh t ln trn th gii, c mnh danh l nhng x hi tiu dng. Vi mc thu nhp ca ngi dn cao th tim nng khi xut khu hng ha vo cc th trng ny l rt ln.Tuy nhin, do khc nhau v yu t a l, vn ha, phong tc, tp qun,th mi th trng li c nhng c im tiu dng ring ca mnh m nh xut khu mun bn hng thnh cng cn phi nm vng.Di y l c im, tnh cht ca tng th trng v cc kt qu xut khu ca cng ty c phn May 10 vo 3 th trng ny. 1.2.1.1 Hoa KM l th trng nhp khu hng dt may ln nht trn th gii do dn s M tng i ng, nhu cu tiu dng tng i ln m sn xut dt may ni a khng p ng c do kh cnh tranh vi hng dt may nhp khu t cc nc ang pht trin, c mc gi thnh r do chi ph nhn cng thp. Th trng M l mt th trng ln v tng i d tnh. Phi thy rng ngi dn M chung mua sm v h cho rng cng mua sm nhiu cng kch thch sn xut v dch v pht trin, tc l nn kinh t s tng trng. i vi mt hng dt may, nhn chung ngi dn M thch s gin tin, hin i nhng hp mt v cng c o khc bit th s cng c tiu th mnh. Th hiu ca ngi tiu dng M cng kh a dng, do trn t M c nhiu nn vn ha khc nhau ang cng tn ti, t chu u cho n chu . Ngi tiu dng M li kh d tnh, so snh th trng M vi th trng chu u, ta c th thy s khc bit r nht trong tiu ch chn mua hng ha l ngi dn M thng quan tm ti gi c trong khi ngi chu u li quan tm ti cht lng. Bi cng mt s vt nhng thi gian s dng ca ngi M c th ch bng mt na thi gian s dng ca ngi tiu dng cc nc pht trin khc. V s thay i lin tc , yu t gi c mi l yu t quan trng. V cht liu, cotton lun c a chung ti Hoa K, vi s lng nhp khu qun o cht liu cotton lun chim khong 60% trong tng s hng dt may nhp khu.Bng 1.3: Cc mt hng xut khu ca cng ty may 10 vo th trng Hoa KMt hng xutNm 2007Nm 2008Nm 2009

S lng (chic)Tr gi H (USD)S lng (chic)Tr gi H (USD)S lng (chic)Tr gi H (USD)

S mi4,558,3666,523,449.574,151,9005,459,753.893,647,5219,201,885.33

Qun1,420,2273,009,967.321,743,7875,481,757.71942,3871,832,626.01

Jacket 1,169,0032,003,045.571,285,7894,098,629.141,147,8183,628,443.37

B comple26,409339,007.8732,088207,547.442062,060

o vest53,175677,569.666,40452,055.10

Vy 6,2078,627.05264435.60

Ngun: Phng k hoch- CTCP May 10 Nhn vo bng 1.3 ta thy cc mt hng xut khu ch yu ca cng ty vo th trng Hoa K l s mi, qun, jacket, o vestiu ny cho thy ngi tiu dng Hoa K chung kiu qun o n gin, khng qu cu k. Tuy nhin iu ny khng chng t rng h khng yu cu v tnh thi trang. 1.2.1.2 EUTh trng ln tip n l th trng EU. Lin minh chu u EU l khi th trng chung, khi lin kt kinh t khu vc ln nht trn thi gii vi 27 quc gia thnh vin, tng din tch khong 4 triu km2, dn s gn 500 triu ngi nn nhu cu v hng ha rt a dng v phong ph. Tuy nhin, do cc nc thnh vin u nm trong khu vc Ty v Bc u nn cng c nhng nt tng ng v kinh t v vn ha. Trnh pht trin kinh t ca nhng nc ny kh ng u nn ngi dn EU c mt s im chung v s thch thi quen tiu dng Nhn chung EU l mt th trng ln nhng kh tnh. Ngi tiu dng EU c th hiu thay i nhanh, yu cu cao v cht lng hng ha, v sinh mi trng, nhn mc, bao b... Cc doanh nghip nc ngoi mun thm nhp c th trng EU phi c kh nng cnh tranh cao v trnh kinh doanh chuyn nghip. i vi mt hng dt may, khch hng EU rt quan tm n cht lng v thi trang, do yu t ny c khi li quan trng hn yu t v gi c. EU l ni hi t ca nhng kinh thi trang th gii nn h i hi kht khe v kiu dng v mu mt. Sn phm dt may tiu th th trng ny mang tnh thi trang cao, lun thay i mu m kiu dng, mu sc cht liu p ng c tm l thch i mi, c o v gy n tng ca ngi tiu dng. Ngi tiu dng EU c s thch v thi quen s dng hng ca nhng hng ni ting th gii v h cho rng nhng nhn hiu ny gn lin vi cht lng v uy tn lu i nn s dng nhng mt hng ny c th yn tm v cht lng v an ton cho ngi s dng. Do mc sng cao nn ngi dn EU yu cu kht khe v cht lng v an ton ca sn phm dt may. V th cnh tranh v gi khng hn l bin php ti u khi xm nhp th trng EU. Ngi dn EU cng i hi sn phm dt may phi an ton cho ngi s dng khng gy d ng, to cm gic kh chu cho ngi mc, khng c mt s ho cht m hip hi dt may Chu u cm s dng. Th trng Chu u cn s dng nhng tiu chun nh gi cht lng rt kht khe nh: tiu chun ISO 9000 v ISO 14000. Mt iu cn lu na l mc mua sm ca ngi dn EU. Trong 10 nm qua, ngi tiu dng EU thng ch 5-6 thng mi mua sn phm may mc mi vo hai v ng, h. Tuy nhin, hin nay h c xu hng mun mua sn phm mi nhanh hn. Nh vy, thay cho hai ma thi trang trc y th nay EU c ti 5-6 ma thi trang gm trc v, chnh v v sau v cho mi v ng, h. Khi ch c hai ma thi trang, cc nh nhp khu EU thng t mua (chng hn) 10.000 sn phm cho mi l hng nhng nay h ch t mua 3.000 sn phm mi ln. iu ny to bt li cho cc nh cung cp v mun thu c nhiu li nhun nh sn xut hng s lng ln. Theo , cc nh sn xut phi tm hiu nhng d bo v thi trang EU, gm kiu dng, cht liu, thit k 1 nm trc khi tung ra sn phm v chun b mua nguyn liu u vo p ng kp thi nhu cu ca cc nh nhp khu EU.Bng 1.4: Cc mt hng xut khu ca cng ty may 10 vo th trng EUMt hng xutNm 2007Nm 2008Nm 2009

S lng (chic)Tr gi H (USD)S lng (chic)Tr gi H (USD)S lng (chic)Tr gi H (USD)

S mi38290786398479,3634293097823533,935084896495488,11

Qun123973260186,09143409292716,610806594050052,81

Jacket 105600323990,08144763498272,8181759629335,13

B comple71355900316468705,27

o vest80512180,75341921071260225044

Vy 31165907,12041082477,3222621435415,41

Ngun: Phng k hoch- CTCP May 10Trong khi th trng EU th cc nc thng xuyn c quan h bn hng vi cng ty May 10 l: c, Anh, Ba Lan, B, Czech, H Lan, Hungary, Ireland, Php, Phn Lan, Ty Ban Nha, Thy in, Hy Lp, Italia, Malta, Slovakia v an Mch. Trong nc c th phn ln nht l c, tip l Anh v Php. Mt iu cn lu na khi xut hng sang EU l bn cnh cc tiu chun k thut ca khi thng nht a ra, th mi nc cng c nhng quy nh ring ca mnh m khi xut hng vo tng nc cn phi ch n. V d nh Thng t 91/173/EC ca EU quy nh hn ch vic s dng Pentaclophenol (cht s dng trnh s pht trin ca nm v thi ra do vi khun) trong cc sn phm nht nh. Tuy nhin mt s nc EU nh c, H Lan, Nauy, an Mch a ra lut b sung nghim ngt hn, l cm bn cc sn phm c cha Pentaclophenol. Ngoi ra, cn c cc lut ring nh lut ca c v crom v hu c thic trong sn phm qun o, lut an Mch v gii hn ch, lut Nauy v thy ngn v parafin 1.2.1.3 Nht BnL mt nc c nn kinh t ln th 2 th gii v nhp khu dt may hng u, Nht Bn c sc nh hng ln n nhu cu hng ho v dch v ca th gii. C th hn, Nht nh l mt nh tiu th qun o ch cht v tm nh hng ca xu hng thi trang ti quc gia ny khng th ph nhn. Nht Bn ch ng sau M v chi tiu cho qun o v nhu cu v bng. Mt vi thp k gn y, hng nhp khu lun chim phn ln trong tng doanh s bn l v tiu dng hng may mc ti Nht. Nhp khu qun o tng trung bnh 7,5% mi nm trong 2 thp k qua. Tuy nhin y cng l mt th trng kh tnh vi nhng i hi kht khe c v cht lng v gi c. Theo T chc Xc tin thng mi Nht Bn (JETRO), th hiu tiu dng ca ngi Nht bt ngun t truyn thng vn ha v iu kin kinh t. Nhn chung h c trnh thm m cao, tinh t do c c hi c tip cn vi nhiu loi hng ha dch v trong v ngoi nc. i vi hng dt may, th trng tiu dng Nht l mt th trng pht trin. Yu t gi c khng phi l yu t quyt nh thnh cng ca nh xut khu nc ngoi. Quan trng hn, cc nh xut khu v cc nh sn xut phi to dng c ting tm v uy tn sn phm ca mnh th mi c c hi lu di. Sn phm no p ng c nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng v cht liu, trnh k thut, tay ngh th s c u th cnh tranh. Khc vi xut khu sang chu u thng l cc l hng ln, xut khu sang Nht bn thng l cc l hng nh, chng loi a dng, vng i sn phm ngn. Rt nhiu sn phm c cp giy chng nhn cht lng nc xut khu nhng li khng t yu cu kht khe khi vo th trng Nht. Tiu chun cht lng Chu u v M u ch vo hnh thc bn ngoi m khng i su vo chi tit bn trong, ch yu lin quan n tay ngh cng nhn. Nhng ngi tiu dng Nht li lun c xu hng i hi s hon ho trong ton b sn phm h mua. H ch n c nhng khuyt tt nh nht trn sn phm nh vt xc, vt rn, ngay c khi nhng t vt ny l c im c hu trn nguyn liu s dng. Bng 1.5: Cc mt hng xut khu ca cng ty may 10 sang th trng Nht BnMt hng xutNm 2007Nm 2008Nm 2009

S lngTr gi HS lngTr gi HS lngTr gi H

S mi104.877102.300,57477.271478.146,21342.925345.158,98

Qun20.093186.216,966.90072.071,701849,32

B comple117.5891.023.978,44121.7851.218.179,53187.3942.067.695,49

o vest2.27912.657,536.16832.317,1113.33599.608,54

Ngun: Phng k hoch- CTCP May 10 1.2.2 Cc sn phm xut khu ch yu ca cng tyT mt n v nh b, thit b lc hu ch sn xut nhng sn phm n gin, ch yu phc v qun i, n nay May 10 sn xut ra nhiu sn phm chnh nh s mi, jacket, qun u, comple, vy, o jile v mt s sn phm khc. Trong , phi k n mt hng c nhiu ngi tiu dng a chung nht, nh gi cao v l sn phm mi nhn ca cng ty l o s mi nam vi cht lng tuyt ho. cng c thm cho v tr ang c, thng 4/2006, May 10 nh hnh hng pht trin cho sn phm thi trang s mi nam ca mnh vi vic ra mt 2 dng sn phm mi l Pharaoh series v VIP style. Dng Pharaoh dnh cho gii thanh nin, trung nin, vn phng, cng chc. Dng VIP cao cp v vt tri hn hn, tn dng ti a cc nt p kinh in ca s mi, gy n tng thi trang mang tnh cm xc. C th ni cc sn phm ca May 10 p ng su sc nhu cu, tm l ngi tiu dng v mng thi trang dnh cho cc qu ng. Bn cnh s mi nam, gn y cc loi veston cao cp v qun o thi trang cho gii tr vi kiu dng p, thun tin cng c May 10 tung ra th trng.Bng 1.6: Cc sn phm ch yu ca cng ty th trng nc ngoi.Mt hngNm 2006Nm 2007Nm 2008

S lngT lS lngT lS lngT l

S mi9.562.20879.199.637.69674.819.205.86171.23

Qun2.085.10417.271.714.72313.311.987.00915.37

Jacket128.8981.071.298.88110.081.526.11211.81

Comple119.6320.99149.9491.16168.7341.3

Veston147.4081.2261.6040.4811.2900.09

Vy26.8590.2214.4000.1220.8340.16

Jile4.7820.040000

Khc20005.1470.044.8110.04

Cng12.075.09110012.882.40010012.924.651100

Ngun: phng k hoch, cng ty c phn May 10Qua bng 1.6 ta thy, lng sn phm ca cng ty xut khu ra th trng nc ngoi l ln, trung bnh trn 12 triu chic. Mc tng nm 2007 l 6,7%, v mc tng nm 2008 l 0,3%. Ta thy mc tng ca nm 2008 c gim nhiu so vi nm 2007. Tuy nhin, trong iu kin khng hong kinh t th gii din ra gia nm 2008 bt ngun t M- mt trong nhng th trng nhp khu ln nht ca May 10, ko theo nh hng n mt lot cc nn kinh t trn th gii, lm cho nhu cu nhp khu ca cc nc u gim th kt qu c tng trng tuy t ca cng ty vn l mt khch l. Trong cc mt hng xut khu, mt hng s mi lun chim trn 70%, gi vng l mt hng xut khu ch lc ca cng ty. Bn cnh l s gia tng ca cc mt hng mi nh comple v o jacket. 1.2.3 Kt qu hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty Bng cht lng v bng vic thc hin trn vn cc cam kt v cht lng, dch v v uy tn vi khch hng, May 10 v ang chinh phc c cc tn tui ln trong th trng xut khu v c tn trn bn may mc th gii. n nay, vi b dy truyn thng, May 10 c xp vo Top 10 thng hiu ni ting ca ngnh dt may Vit Nam. Cng ty lun t tc tng trng v hiu qu kinh doanh mc cao so vi nhiu doanh nghip khc trong nc. T nm 1992 n nay, cng ty lun t tc tng trng t 20-30%/ nm.Bng 1.7: Kt qu sn xut kinh doanh ca cng tySTTCh tiun vNm 2007Nm 2008Nm 2009

1Tng doanh thuT ng497,614623,588705,197

2Tng chi phT ng480,494604,838687,697

3Tng li nhunT ng17,1218,7517,5

4Lao ngNgi7,4807,8007,700

5Thu nhp bnh qunTriu /L1,5201,6011,979

Ngun: Phng k hoch- CTCP May 10Qua bng 1.7 ta thy li nhun ca cng ty tng i cao, gp phn tng ngun thu ngoi t phc v hot ng sn xut kinh doanh. Tuy nhin ta thy li nhun ca nm 2009 c gim i cht so vi nm trc . iu ny c th l gii do gi yu t nguyn vt liu u vo tng lm cho tng chi ph tng. Thm na do hu qu ca cuc khng hong ti chnh kinh t th gii, lm cho nhu cu tiu dng hng nhp khu ca cc nc c gim, cng thm s cnh tranh ngy cng gay gt gia cc nc ang pht trin c cng mt mt hng xut khu.Thu nhp bnh qun ca ngi lao ng tng ln u n. Vic ny l ph hp vi mc gi c tiu dng leo thang nh hin nay nhm m bo cuc sng ca ngi lao ng khng ngng c ci thin, pht huy tinh thn n lc lm vic ca ngi lao ng.T thc t pht trin ca cng ty v t bi cnh trong nc v quc t, cng ty a ra nh hng n nm 2020 nh sau:V kinh t: Doanh thu bnh qun hng nm tng 20% tr lnLi nhun bnh qun hng nm tng 10-15% Thu nhp bnh qun/ngi/thng tng t 10-12%V x hi:To thm 5000-10000 ch lm vic mi cc a phngo to 7000-8000 cng nhn k thut v cao ng ngh cho x hi 1.3 Nhng ro cn k thut ang c p dng i vi hng may mc Vit Nam (trong c May 10) 1.3.1 Mt s ro cn k thut chung i vi hng may mc Ngy nay, xu hng t do ha thng mi ngy cng pht trin, mt tt yu khch quan l khi cc nc ngy cng gim s dng cc hng ro thu quan trong quan h thng mi quc t th cc hng ro phi thu ngy cng c gia tng p dng bo h nn sn xut trong nc. Trong cc hng ro phi thu quan, h thng hng ro k thut c xem l mt trong nhng nhm bin php hu hiu nht ngn chn hng xut khu. Nhn chung, hu ht cc th trng nhp khu hng may mc ln ca ta u p dng nhng bin php nh sau:- Cc bin php bo v s an ton v sc khe ca con ngi: Bao gm nhng tiu chun c t ra bo v an ton v sc kho ca c nhn nh cc tiu chun v thit b in, hoc cc quy nh v s dng cc vt liu chm chy, cc quy nh v cht lng sn phm (v d cc yu cu khng s dng cc nguyn liu gy nguy him sn xut sn phm, ghi nhn chnh xc v hm lng, trng lng v con s o lng chnh xc v.v...).

- Cc bin php bo v s sng, sc khe ca ng vt v thc vt, cc bin php bo v cc loi sinh vt nguy him, hoc bo v cc loi cy qu him. c bit, mt s nc pht trin, vic bun bn cc sn phm t mt s ng vt cng c nhng quy nh c th, nh vic s dng da ca mt s loi ng vt qu him sn xut ra cc loi o chong, ti xch- Cc bin php bo v mi trng: Bao gm, vic s dng cc loi thuc nhum, ha cht trong may mc v cng ngh x l rc thi v nc thi cng nghip. Cc nc cng nghip tin tin cng ngy cng quan tm n cc vn v mi trng, lin quan n ph thi v yu cu cn ti ch, iu ny dn n vic tng chi ph ca cc nh sn xut. - Cc qui nh bo v cng chng, ngi tiu dng hoc cung cp d liu phc v cho vic kim sot cht lng, nh cc thng s ghi trn nhn mc sn phm, cc quy nh v cht lng ca sn phm khi a ra th trng.- Cc bin php bo v an ninh quc phng Di y, em xin c trnh by c th nhng ro cn k thut c 3 th trng nhp khu hng may mc ln nht ca ta p dng bao gm: EU, Hoa K v Nht Bn. 1.3.2 Mt s ro cn k thut i vi hng may mc nhp khu vo EUEU l mt trong nhng th trng c cc ro cn i vi hng may mc cht ch nht. Cc nh xut khu t cc nc ang pht trin phi tun th vi lut ca EU khi xut khu vo th trng ny. V vy, tham vn lut php l cn thit cho bt k nh sn xut hoc xut khu no mun xut hng vo th trng EU.Hin nay lut sn phm ca EU lin quan n hng may mc ch yu lin quan n vn mi trng, sc khe v an ton ca ngi tiu dng. 1.3.2.1Quy nh v m bo an ton v sc khe cho ngi tiu dngHin nay, EU cm s dng hoc hn ch s dng cc cht nghi l c hi cho sc khe con ngi trn sn phm may mc. C th:- Thng t 2001/95/EC v an ton sn phm: thng t ny p dng cho tt c cc sn phm trn th trng EU, cm a ra cc sn phm gy ri ro cho sc khe ngui tiu dng, do cc cht nguy hi hoc do cu trc khng an ton gy ra. i vi sn phm dt may, c 2 tiu chun v tnh an ton sn phm bao gm:Tiu chun EN 14682: 2004 v dy lun trn qun o tr em, p dng cho tt c qun o tr em di 14 tui. Tiu chun t ra yu cu: cm s dng dy lun vng u v c ca o cho tr s sinh v tr di 7 tui; hn ch s dng dy lun vng u v c cho tr em t 7-14 tui (dy lun c chc nng trang tr khng c di qu 75mm v cm s dng dy nha). Mc ch ca tiu chun nhm gim ri ro tai nn do dy lun trn qun o tr em gy ra (nght c, mt s v vic gy cht ngi xy ra ti sn chi).Tiu chun EN 14878: 2007 v phn ng chy ca qun o ng tr em. Tiu chun a ra cc yu cu th nghim phn loi kh nng chy ca qun o ng tr em.Bng 1.8: Phn loi kh nng chy ca qun o tr emLoing dngCc thng s c oYu cu ti thiu

AQun o ng tr em (khng phi pyjama)Tia sng le trn b mtThi gian le sngKhng c tia sng le trn b mtSi ch nh du th ba khng chy trong thi gian cha n 15 giy

B Pyjama tr emTia sng le trn b mtThi gian tia sng lan truynKhng c tia sng le trn b mtSi ch nh du th ba khng chy trong thi gian cha n 10 giy

C Qun o ng ca tr nh nhiKhng phi thKhng phi th

Ngun: Vin dt may Vit Nam- Thng t 94/62/EC v bao b v ph liu bao b: yu cu gim thiu ph liu bao b hoc u i cc vt liu bao b t nguyn liu ti ch (xem ph lc I).- Thng t 2002/61/EEC v thuc nhum azo trong cc sn phm dt v da: EU cm lu thng cc sn phm c cha thuc nhum azo nghi gy ung th. Thuc nhum azo thng c s dng nhum cc sn phm dt v da (qun o, sn phm dng trn ging, khn lng, tc gi, m, ti ng, gng tay, dy eo, ti xch, si v vi), thuc nhum azo c th gii phng mt hoc nhiu amin c th gy ung th (xem ph lcII).- Thng t 91/338/EC v Cadimi trong mt s sn phm: cc hp cht Cadimi l cc cht gy ung th. Cadimi c th c mt trong mt s thuc nhum hng dt v da, v cc hp cht ca Cadimi c s dng trong cht trng PVC cho qun o, ti v cc mt hng qung co. EU cm sn xut v bn cc sn phm c sn c cha mt lng Cadimi cao hn 0,01% theo khi lng.- Thng t 2004/96/EC (sa i t thng t 94/27/EC) a ra yu cu v Nikel trong cc vt liu x l, trang sc v ph kin hng may mc. Do rt nhiu ngi b d ng vi Nikel, nn EU a ra quy nh v hm lng Nikel trong cc sn phm kim loi c tip xc trc tip vi da ngi, quy nh tc gii phng Nikel ra khi cc chi tit tip xc trc tip vi da khng c ln hn 0,5 microgam/cm2/tun. - Thng t 83/264/EC v 2003/11/EC v cc cht lm chm chy trong sn phm dt: theo , EU cm s dng cc cht lm chm chy (TRIS, TEPA, PBB- cc cht ny gy ung th v lm bin i gen, c vi sinh sn, nh hng n h thn kinh v h min dch ca con ngi) trong cc mt hng c tip xc vi da ngi nh qun o, qun o lt, khn tri ging; ng thi cm a ra bn cc mt hng nu cc mt hng ny hoc b phn ca chng c cha cht lm chm chy brom ha (penta BDE, octa PDE- l cht tch ly sinh hc, gy nh hng n mi trng v c tm thy trong sa m vi hm lng tng dn) vi nng vt qu 0,1% theo khi lng.- Thng t 2003/53/EC v Nonyl phenol v ethoxylat ( l cc cht bn vng v tch ly sinh hc, nghi l c nh hng ln ni tit): thng t cm bn cc sn phm m trong thnh phn ca n c cha cc cht ny vi nng vt qu 0,1% theo khi lng.- Quy chun EC 850/2004 v cc cht hu c bn vng gy nhim (POP): cc cht hu c bn vng gy nhim l cc cht bn vng trong mi trng, tch ly sinh hc thng qua chui thc n v c ri ro gy ra tc ng xu n sc khe con ngi v mi trng. Quy chun ny cm sn xut, bn v s dng cc cht hu c bn vng gy nhim EU.- Thng t 2006/122/EC v cc cht Perluorooctane Sulphonat (PFOS). PFOS thng c s dng to ra cc cht chng bm du, m v chng thm nc. Nghin cu gn y cho thy PFOS bn vng, tch ly sinh hc v c vi ng vt c v. PFOS tim nng lan rng i rt xa v nh hng xu n mi trng. EU cm vic bn cc sn phm trong thnh phn c cha PFOS vt qu 0,1% theo khi lng.- Thng t 91/173/EC v Pentaclophenol (PCP). PCP l cht c s dng trnh s pht trin ca nm mc v thi ra do vi khun gy ra. PCP c c cao cho h thy sinh, nguy him cho sc khe con ngi v bn vng trong mi trng. EU cm s dng PCP trong cc sn phm qun o hoc ph kin. 1.3.2.2 Quy nh v tiu chun cht lng ISO 9000H thng tiu chun ISO 9000 l b tiu chun do t chc tiu chun quc t ban hnh. ISO 9000 a ra cc chun mc cho mt h thng cht lng v c th p dng rng ri trong cc lnh vc sn xut, kinh doanh v dch v. ISO 9000 hng dn cc t chc cng nh cc doanh nghip xy dng mt m hnh qun l thch hp v vn bn ha cc yu t ca h thng cht lng theo m hnh chn. N bao gm 20 yu cu chia thnh 4 nhm ch yu:ISO 9001: m hnh m bo cht lng trong qu trnh sn xut, thit k, lp t v dch v.ISO 9002: m hnh m bo cht lng trong qu trnh sn xut, lp t v dch v sau bn hng.ISO 9003: m hnh m bo cht lng trong qu trnh kim tra cui cng v th nghim.ISO 9004: Nhng hng dn cho thit k v thc thi cc h thng cht lng.Mc ch cui cng ca ISO 9000 l ci thin cht lng cc sn phm v dch v.Tuy ISO 9000 khng phi l mt tiu chun bt buc, nhng nhn chung nhng hng ha c sn xut bi nh sn xut c chng ch ISO 9000 s c khch hng nh gi cao hn. 1.3.2.3 Quy nh i vi tiu chun trch nhim x hi SA 8000H thng tiu chun SA 8000 c xy dng da trn Cng c ca Lin Hp Quc v quyn tr em, Cng c ca t chc Lao ng quc t v tuyn b ton cu v nhn quyn. Mc ch ca SA 8000 l ci thin iu kin sng v lm vic cho ngi lao ng. Tiu chun a ra nhng quy nh v vic s dng lao ng trong qu trnh sn xut ra sn phm. SA8000 bao gm cc lnh vc sau ca trch nhim gii trnh:- Lao ng tr em: Bao gm cc vn lin quan n lao ng ca tr em di 14 (hoc 15 tui ty theo tng quc gia) v tr v thnh nin 14(15)-18. - Lao ng cng bc: Bao gm cc vn lin quan n lao ng t ti, lao ng tr n cho ngi khc v.v - An ton v sc khe ti ni lm vic: Cc quy nh v vn hnh, s dng my mc thit b, cc iu kin v mi trng nh chiu sng, n, nhim khng kh, nc v t, nhit ni lm vic hay thng thong khng kh, cc theo di-chm sc y t thng k v nh k (c bit cc ch cho lao ng n), cc trang thit b bo h lao ng m ngi lao ng cn phi c c s dng ty theo ni lm vic, cc phng tin thit b phng chy-cha chy cng nh hng dn, thi hn s dng, cc vn v phng n di tn v thot him khi xy ra chy n.- Quyn tham gia cc hip hi: Cng on, nghip on - Phn bit i x: Cc vn v phn bit i x theo cc tiu chun tn gio-tn ngng, dn tc thiu s, ngi nc ngoi, tui tc, gii tnh. Tiu chun SA8000 khng cho php c s phn bit i x. - K lut lao ng: Cc vn lin quan n cc hnh thc k lut c php v khng c php (nh p, roi vt, x nhc, ui vic, h bc lng, quy ri tnh dc v.v) - Thi gian lm vic: Ni chung c a ra tng thch vi cc tiu chun trong b Lut lao ng ca tng quc gia cng nh cc tiu chun ca ILO v thi gian lm vic thng thng, lao ng thm gi, cc u i v thi gian lm vic i vi lao ng n (trong hay ngoi thi k thai sn v nui con nh di 12 thng tui). - Lng v cc phc li x hi khc (bo him x hi, bo him y t v.v) - Qun l doanh nghip: Cc vn v qun l ca gii ch, bao gm cc vn lin quan n quyn c khiu ni ca ngi lao ng v ngha v phi tr li hay gii p khiu ni ca ch. - Quan h cng ng: Bao gm quan h vi cc t chc, c quan khc hay dn c trong khu vc. 1.3.2.4 Cc quy nh v bo v mi trng- Quy chun v ng k, nh gi v cp php ha cht (REACH- Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, Restriction of Chemical substances). ci thin vic bo v mi trng v sc khe con ngi, y ban chu u son tho v ban hnh REACH- mt h thng qun l ha cht mi thay th cho 40 lut v ha cht EU. y l lut nghim ngt nht v ha cht trn th gii cho n nay. REACH c hiu lc t ngy 1/6/2007. a ra danh mc khong 900 cht c xp loi theo mc c hi v ra t l cho php ti a trong sn phm.Trong danh mc , c khong 200 loi c lin quan n ngnh dt may, da giy. REACH yu cu phi ng k cc cht trong mt hng khi: Cht gii phng ra khi mt hng mt cch c ch nh trong iu kin s dng thng thng. Tng lng ca cht c trong mt hng vt qu 1 tn/ nm/ nh sn xut. Cht cha c ng k cho mc ch s dng y.Ngoi ra, cc cht c mi quan ngi cao (xem ph lc III) c mt trong mt hng cn c thng bo khi: Cht c mt trong mt hng vi nng vt qu 0,1% theo khi lng. Cht c mt trong mt hng vi lng t 1 tn/ nm/ nh sn xut hoc nhp khu. Cht cha c ng k cho mc ch s dng y.- ISO 14001Hin nay tiu chun mi trng cho cc quc gia ang pht trin c p dng nhiu nht l ISO 14001.Mc ch ca tiu chun ISO14001 v bn cht cho php mi ngi bit rng cng ty c qun l di h thng qun l mi trng. Cc c im ca tiu chun qun l mi trng ISO 14001 Chng nhn ISO da trn c s t nguyn, mc d n c mt sc p ng k t nhng ngi mua hng Ty u. N l mt quyt nh ca i ng qun l nhm trnh s nhim v cht thi ng thi tr nn hiu qu hn v cnh tranh hn khi tn trng mi trng. Cc b tiu chun c th hin chi tit di dng thc hin cc cng vic g ch khng phi l nh th no. Mt chnh sch mi trng cn c trnh by 1 cch c h thng. Hun luyn nhn vin ng vai tr g trong cc vn mi trng. K hoch, trch nhim v cc tin trnh phi c ghi chp bng vn bn. Cc c ch kim sot, iu chnh v hot ng ngn cn cn c nh ra. Yu cu kim ton ni b v kim ton bn ngoi. Yu cu thc hin kim tra qun l nh k. Giy chng nhn do pha th 3 cp.1.3.3 Mt s ro cn k thut i vi hng may mc ti Hoa K- Lut tng cng an ton sn phm tiu dng 2008 (CPSIA): Lut p dng i vi nhng sn phm cho tr em di 12 tui. i vi mi chuyn hng, cn c giy chng nhn hp chun tng qut. Giy chng nhn nu ln s hp chun i vi cc yu cu lien quan ca CPSC (y ban an ton tiu dng Hoa K) bao gm cc quy nh, lnh cm, tiu chun v quy tc. Sn phm khng c giy chng nhn khng th nhp khu hay phn phi ti Hoa K. Lut cng a ra yu cu phi th nghim bi bn th ba i vi cc sn phm ny. Theo cc sn phm cho tr em cn c th nghim bi mt C quan nh gi hp chun c lp (phng th nghim). Mt s tiu chun bao gm: 16 CFR 1615/1616 (tiu chun tnh chy qun o ng ca tr em), Pl 110-314 sec 108 (Hm lng Phtalat trong cc sn phm tr em), 16 CFR 1500.48-49 (cc im nhn v cnh sc i vi sn phm cho tr em), 16 CFR 1501,1500.50-53 (cc phn nh trong sn phm v chi cho tr em di 3 tui). Vi phm c th dn n cc mc pht dn s v hnh s. Chnh ph Hoa K c th ra lnh tiu hy sn phm nu n vi phm cc yu cu ca CPSC.- Quy nh hi quan v xut x hng ha: C s php l thc hin quy nh v xut x l da trn lut thu quan nm 1930, 1984, lut thng mi v cnh tranh 1988, v mi nht l quy nh mi ca Hi quan Hoa K v khai bo xut x hng dt may v cch thc xy dng m s nh sn xut (t nm 2005). Lut p dng cho tt c cc hng dt may nhp khu t tt c cc nc, bao gm c hng may mc b p dng iu khon t v c bit v cc nc cha l thnh vin ca WTO m vn ph thuc vo hip nh hng dt song phng. Nh nhp khu l ngi s xc nh MID (Manufacturer Identification Code- M s ca nh sn xut) da trn nhng thng tin v cng ty, in vo cc form khai hi quan khi lm th tc nhp khu. Ch c nh sn xut mi c to MID; cng ty kinh doanh, ngi bn hng khng phi l nh sn xut th khng th to ra MID. Nu hi quan ti mt cng thy nghi ng v khai bo MID khng phi l ca nh sn xut, cng c th yu cu sa cha thng tin sau khi hng qua ca khu. Nhng li lp li v vic xc nh MID khi nhp khu hng dt may s a n vic nh gi mc pht i vi nh nhp khu hay mi gii hi quan do khng lu tm ng mc. Mc x pht i vi nhng vi phm v xut x s l 10% tr gi hng ha nhp khu vo lnh th Hoa K.Bng 1.9: Nhng nguyn tc to m s ca nh sn xutNcTn cng tyS nh trong dng a chTn thnh ph

2 k t v tn nc theo tiu chun ISOV d: VN (Vit Nam)6 k t to nn t 3 k t u tin ca 2 ch u tin trong tn ca cng tyV d: ABCCOM (A.B.C Company)Ti a 4 k t ly t s nh hoc s phngV d: 1234 (12-34-56 Alaska Road)3 k t u ca tn thnh phV d: HAN (H Ni)

Ngun: www.moit.gov.vn Quy nh v cht lng sn phm: C s thc hin l cc lut v cc Hip nh thng mi 1979 ca Hoa K a ra cc tiu chun v cc th tc cp giy chng nhn cht lng i vi hng nhp khu. Lut ny a ra cc quy nh v trch nhim ca nh sn xut, phn phi, bn l hng ha trong vic m bo cc yu cu v thit k, sn xut, hng dn s dng v cc cnh bo v khuyt tt ca sn phm nhm trnh nhng tn hi n sc khe ca ngi tiu dng v nhng bi thng v sc khe do vic tiu dng hng ha gy ra. Lut v cc cht nguy him: C s thc hin l lut 65 California v thng bo s dng cc ha cht c hi. Cc ha cht c hi bao gm: cc amin thm gy ung th (lin quan n thuc nhum azo), cc thuc nhum pht tn gy d ng, cc kim loi nng (cadimi, crom, ch, thy ngn, niken), cc hp cht hu c thic (MBT, TBT, TPhT), cc hp cht c cha clo (cht ti hu c c cha clo nh clobenzen, clotoluen), cc cht chm chy (PBBs, Peta- BDE, octo BDE), Focmaldehyt, Phtalat (DEHP, DINP), tng hm lng ch trong sn v b mt ph. Lut quy nh nhng yu cu ca vic dn mc, ng gi, trong cn ghi y cc thng tin v xut x ca hng ha, thnh phn ca sn phm, v hng dn cch s cu khi xy ra tai nn. Theo quy nh ca lut ny, cc sn phm c coi l c cha cht rt nguy him s b cm nhp khu vo th trng ny. Quy nh v trch nhim i vi ngi lao ng (SA 8000): theo quy nh ca h thng tiu chun ny, Hoa K s tin hnh a ra lnh cm nhp khu i vi cc sn phm c s dng lao ng tr em, hoc lao ng cng bc. ng thi hn ch vic nhp khu cc sn phm do cc c s sn xut khng m bo y cc tiu chun v iu kin lm vic, thi gian lm vic, mc lng ti thiu, ch bi thng,i vi ngi lao ng theo tiu chun quc t. o lut bo v mi trng cho ngi tiu dng M (t ngy 1/1/2010): theo ngnh dt may phi quan tm n iu kin mi trng ni sn xut, xy dng cc khu cng nghip nhum c h thng x l nc thi t tiu chun, ng thi phi c phng th nghim sinh thi Vin dt may. y l c s kim tra cc loi hng ha, bo m an ton cho ngi s dng cng nh c cp chng ch an ton cho hng xut khu. Quy nh i vi hng may mc c thnh phn t lng th: Hng may mc bng lng th hay c mt phn bng lng th nhp khu vo M, tr nhng sn phm mi c n gi di 7 USD phi ghi mark, m theo quy nh ca lut nhn hiu hng lng th (Fur products label act- FPT) bao gm: Tn ngi sn xut hoc ngi nhp khu. Nu ngi nhp khu c s ng k vi FPT, s c th c ghi thay cho tn. Ghi ch nu c s dng lng h hng hoc lng c. Ghi r nu lng c ty, nhum. Ghi r nu lng gm ton b hay ca cc phn c th ng vt. Tn nc xut x nhp khu lng lm ra sn phm may mc. Nhn hiu, thng hiu, bn quyn.- Trch nhim sn xut hng dt may ton cu (Tiu chun WRAP): WRAP chng nhn rng cc sn phm may mc c sn xut ph hp vi 12 nguyn tc ch yu sau:1. Lut php v quy tc ni lm vic2. Ngn cm lao ng cng bc3. Ngn cm lao ng tr em4. Ngn cm quy ri v ngc i5. Bi thng v phc li6. Gi lm vic phi khng c vt qu gii hn ca lut php7. Ngn cm phn bit i x8. Sc kho v an ton mi trng lm vic9. Cc quyn hp php ca nhn vin v t do hip hi v tho thun tp th10. Cc iu l, quy tc v tiu chun v mi trng11. Thc hin ng th tc thu quan12. Cm cht ma tuTham gia vo chng trnh chng nhn WRAP chng minh li cam kt ca ngnh cng nghip may mc i vi trch nhim x hi trong thc tin kinh doanh bng vic tn trng trit cc nguyn tc sn xut WRAP.1.3.4 Mt s ro cn k thut i vi hng may mc ti Nht BnTi th trng Nht Bn, hng may mc nhp khu phi tun th cc o lut sau: Lut ghi nhn cht lng hng ha gia dng (c kim sot bi Phng Bo v Ngi tiu dng, Ban Vn ngi tiu dng, Cc Chnh sch thng mi v Thng tin, B Kinh t, Thng mi v Cng nghip): mc tiu ca o lut ny l bo v ngi tiu dng bng cch ghi nhn thch hp vi cht lng ca hng ha gia dng. Vic ghi nhn phi bao gm cc ni dung ch yu sau y:Thnh phn x: yu cu ghi nhn thnh phn x c sa i vo nm 1997 cho php ghi nhn c bng ting Nht v ting Anh, phi ch ra cc loi x c dng cho sn phm bng thut ng quy nh v t l phn trm ca mi loi x (theo khi lng).Git gia dng v cc phng php git: s dng cc k hiu c quy nh ti tiu chun JIS 1 0217 (Japan Industrial Standards- Lut tiu chun cng nghip Nht Bn, iu khon 0217 quy nh k hiu ghi nhn cho sn phm dt v cc phng php ghi nhn sn phm dt) ch ra phng php git gia dng v cc phng php x l khc.Chng thm nc: qun o c lp trng cn ghi nhn c bit ch ra cng nng chng thm nc tr trng hp lp trng c yu cu cho cc mc ch khc.Ch ra loi da cho sn phm dng da mt phn: qun o c mt phn dng da hoc da tng hp phi c ghi nhn ch ra loi da ph hp vi cc iu khon v ghi nhn cht lng ca hng ha cng nghip khc.Ngi ghi nhn: phi ch ra tn, a ch hoc s in thoi ca ngi ghi nhn Hnh 1.2 Th d v nhn mc i vi vi la Hnh 1.3. Th d v nhn mc i vi vi vc o lut chng li phn thng khng th bin minh c v gii thiu la di (c kim sot bng y ban Mu dch cng bng Nht Bn, Phng Thng mi lin quan ti ngi tiu dng, V Tp qun Thng mi): mc tiu ca o lut ny l ngn nga vic khuyn khch ngi tiu dng bng phn thng khng bin minh c hoc bng gii thiu la di lin quan n giao dch hng ha. o lut quy nh cc thc hnh ghi nhn chnh xc cho hng nhp khu m bo ngi tiu dng khng nhn c thng tin la di v xut x thc. Nc xut x ngha l nc ti thc hin cc hnh ng m gy ra s bin i quan trng v bn cht ca sn phm. Ch rng nhn chng thc nc xut x phi c may vo qun o. Lut kim sot cc sn phm gia dng c cha cc cht nguy him (c kim sot bi Vn phng An ton Ha cht, Phng nh gi v Cp php, Cc An ton Y-dc B Y t, Lao ng v Phc li) mc tiu ca lut ny l hn ch cc sn phm gia dng c cha cc cht nguy him, nh vy m ng gp vo bo v sc khe ca dn tc. Lut yu cu tt c cc sn phm gia dng phi tun th tiu chun v hm lng cc cht nguy him c th gy tn thng cho da. Cc sn phm may mc c mc c hi cao hn mc cho php s b cm bn th trng Nht Bn. B Phc li v Lao ng Nht Bn ch r 20 cht nguy him v c bng chng l gy nguy him cho sc khe con ngi nh sau (cho n thng 9/2007): Hydro clorua, Vinyl Clorua, 4.6-Diclo-7, Kali hydroxit, Natri hydroxit, Tetra clo etylen, Triclo etylen, Tris phosphin oxit, Hp cht Tris phosphat, hp cht tributil thic, hp cht triphenil thic, hp cht Bis phosphat, Dieldrin, Benzo anthracen, Benzo pyren, Formaldehyde, Metanol, hp cht thy ngn hu c, Axit sunfuric. Lut hi quan: iu 71 ca Lut hi quan cm nhp khu hng ha c nhn ghi nc xut x gi hoc dn n s la di. iu 69-11 ca Lut hi quan cm nhp khu hng ha vi phm quyn s hu tr tu (nh hng gi nhn hiu, hng nhi).1.4 Cc bin php m cng ty p dng p ng cc ro cn ca nc nhp khu Tng nng lc sn xut u t m rng nng lc cc x nghip a phng nh Hng H, Bm Sn, Thiu Ha, H Qungnhm pht huy li th v t ai v lao ng. Lin doanh lin kt vi cc doanh nghip khc xy dng cc nh my mi nh X nghip Vnh Bo- Hi Phng, CTCP ng Bnh- Bc Ninh. Mt khc tm kim cc n v v tinh gia cng cng hp tc sn xut, tit kim chi ph u t nh xng thit bCc vic trn nhm gim chi ph, gim gi thnh sn phm, nng cao sc cnh tranh ca hng ha. ng thi vic minh bch ha cc chng t chng minh sn xut v bn hng trn gi thnh ca mnh nhm chng nguy c b kin bn ph gi. u tin u t cc thit b hin i, xy dng May 10 thnh trung tm sn xut c cng ngh cao, chuyn sn xut sn phm s mi v veston cao cp. Ci tin cc thit b hin c nhm nng cao hiu qu s dng. To mi trng tt nht mi thnh vin pht huy kh nng sng to. Tip tc ci tin cng tc qun l, ci tin cc quy trnh lm vic m bo ngy cng khoa hc hn; gim thiu c cc bt cp v lng ph trong qu trnh sn xut; tng nng sut lao ng gp phn lm tng trng sn xut kinh doanh. c bit tp trung ci tin cng tc t chc sn xut, p dng phn mm ci tin nng sut IEES v cng c CLEAN OFFICE, EDOCMAN trong ton cng ty. Pht trin tiu th sn phm may mc, m rng cc lnh vc kinh doanh Cng c v nng cao hn na cht lng sn phm hng may mc. Kin quyt loi b nhng sn phm khng t yu cu, hng dm, hng nhi ra khi h thng tiu th ca cng ty nhm tng lng tin cho khch hng. Tp trung nghin cu ci tin mu m hin c t nhng chi tit nh nht m bo hnh dng thng s, mu scph hp vi tng i tng khch hng. Duy tr sn phm mi nhn ca cng ty nh s mi nam v veston cao cp. ng thi tng cng cc hot ng thit k thi trang v may o nhm phc v nhu cu ca khch hng. Tip tc m rng cc knh phn phi, cc phng php tip cn khch hng, xy dng c ch bn hng linh hot, chun ha v ci to cc ca hng cc i l. T vn v cng tc qun l, t chc sn xut o to, chuyn giao cng nghcho cc doanh nghip trong ngnh nhm to ra mt h thng cc doanh nghip c trnh tng ng, c kh nng lin kt, h tr nhau cng sn xut kinh doanh, i ph vi nhng kh khn trn th trng quc t. o to pht trin ngun nhn lc Pht huy hnh thc o to ti ch. Khai thc trit kin thc, k nng ca cn b qun l v chuyn gia gii trong tng lnh vc. o to v truyn t kinh nghim thc t cho i ng tr trong cng vic, c bit cng vic lin quan n hot ng ngoi thng. c bit quan tm xy dng i ng thit k thi trang. Ngay t nhng nm 1997-1998, cng ty lin kt vi cc cng ty nc ngoi CHLB c, Php gi ngi i o to v thit k thi trang. Trong nc, cng ty lin doanh vi Trng i hc M thut cng nghip H Ni t chc cc kha o to chuyn su v thit k thi trang cho Cng ty v cc n v. u tin cho chin lc pht trin thng hiu Tng hm lng cht xm trong sn phm bng cch tp trung nghin cu thit k mu mt thi trang; tng cng nghip v marketing; tm hiu v c k hoch tip cn cc th trng mi giu tim nng; dnh 3% doanh thu hng nm cho vic qung b v pht trin thng hiu. ng k s hu nhn hiu hng ha t nm 1992 Thnh lp b phn marketing chuyn nghin cu th trng v chu trch nhim trin khai cc hot ng qung co, ng thi xy dng k hoch v u t hng t ng mi nm vo cng tc qung b thng hiu. Tin hnh dn Tem chng hng gi vo th bi v a Si chng hng gi vo nhn dt chnh ca sn phm. Khi c tranh chp, cng ty c th xc nh ngun gc ca sn phm thng qua cc ni dung b mt trn Tem chng hng gi v Si chng hng gi. y l mt trong nhng bin php hiu qu bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng. Cc sn phm trc khi a vo sn xut u c nghin cu, thit k v xc nhn gi tr s dng ph hp vi nhu cu v th hiu ca th trng hng n. Cng ty xy dng cc tiu chun, ng k v cng b tiu chun ca tng loi sn phm cng nh cam kt bn cc sn phm theo ng tiu chun ra. Cc sn phm u c tem chng hng gi, v hng dn cho ngi tiu dng cch s dng cng nh phn bit hng nhi, hng gi. Chun ha cc hnh nh ca cng ty t cc n v n cc ca hng i l, chun ha logo, cc nhn hiu, biu hin v cc n phm ca cng ty.1.5 nh gi chung v mc p ng ro cn k thut i vi hng may mc xut khu ca cng ty1.5.1 u imCng vi cc thng hiu dt may Vit Nam c uy tn trn th trng quc t , c nhiu khch hng trong v ngoi nc bit n nh Vit Tin, Nh B, May Si Gn, dt Thnh Cng, May ScaviMay 10 cng to dng c thng hiu v c ch ng nht nh ca mnh. Vic xy dng c thng hiu v c kh nng xut khu trc tip vo cc th trng ln nh May 10 khng phi l mt vic n gin, trong khi hu ht cc doanh nghip Vit Nam ch yu xut khu di hnh thc gia cng. c c thnh cng ny, l nh vo i ng cn b qun l cng ty sm a ra nhng chnh sch pht trin thng hiu, pht trin ngun nhn lc nhm to dng lng tin ni khch hng.Thm vo cng ty ch trng vo vic xy dng v hon thin h thng tiu chun cht lng theo tiu chun quc t. thng hiu May 10 bay xa, cng ty xy dng v c cp 2 chng ch ISO 9001:2000; ISO 14000. i vi khch hng cc nc pht trin, h lun u tin nhng sn phm t c chng ch ISO. C th ni chng ch ISO nh mt t giy bo m, khin khch hng tin tng hn khi s dng sn phm.Cng ty cng khng ngng ci tin h thng my mc nh xng theo cng ngh tin tin trn th gii. Vic lm ny khng ch nng cao nng sut lao ng m vi xu hng pht trin ca khoa hc k thut ngy nay, hu ht cc my mc mi u tit kim nng lng v to ra t ph phm hn, p ng phn no yu cu bo v mi trng ca cc nc pht trin t ra.Cng ty xy dng trung tm y t v trng mm non nhm p ng nhu cu chm sc sc khe ca ngi lao ng v gia nh h, gip ngi lao ng yn tm hn khi lm vic.1.5.2 Nhc imTuy cng ty t c nhiu thnh cng song vn cn nhiu bt cp cn tn ti trong cc bin php thch nghi vi ro cn k thut quc t.Trong cc bin php m cng ty a ra, cha thy ni n gii php v nguyn ph liu. i vi cc doanh nghip dt may, nguyn ph liu ng vai tr v cng quan trng trong vic sn xut ra cc sn phm p ng nhu cu ca khch hng nh v mu sc, cht lng, bn, trong khi cng ty li khng t sn xut c nguyn ph liu. Ngun cung cp nguyn ph liu trong nc chim mt t l rt nh, ch khong 0-3%, cn li l nhp ngoi.Bng 1.10: Th trng nhp nguyn ph liu theo hp ng FOBTh trngNm 2006Nm 2007Nm 2008

Gi trT lGi trT lGi tr T l

Trung Quc4.487.760322.897.296536.502.81262

i Loan3.416.959251.201.74222848.9728

Hng Cng701.5045556.242101.502.44114

Asean275.8792171.47831.332.68013

Vit Nam132.6681170.839332.7140,3

Khc4.766.04235472.9399236.3922,7

Cng13.780.8121005.470.53610010.456.011100

Ngun: Phng k hoch-CTCP May 10Qua bng 1.10, ta thy nguyn ph liu c nhp khu t Trung Quc l chim t trng ln nht. Nhng trc nhng vn v an ton v sinh m Trung Quc gp phi trong thi gian qua, th nguyn ph liu nhp khu t th trng ny kh m bo c nhng yu cu kht khe ca cc th trng nhp khu hng may mc a ra.i vi tiu chun SA 8000 rt c cc nc pht trin s dng i vi cc mt hng s dng nhiu lao ng, hin nay cng ty cng mi ch p ng c phn no. Hin tng cng nhn lm qu s gi theo quy nh ca lut Lao ng cng tng xy ra. Mt ngy cng nhn lm vic ln ti 12 ting. Thm vo l tnh trng lao ng tr em. Cc h dn c xung quanh khu vc cng ty thng nhn v gia cng sn phm ti nh nhng chi tit n gin ca sn phm, m ngi sn xut chnh l con em ca h nhng lc nhn ri. V th nguy c b iu tra ra v tr li hng l c th xy ra.Ngoi ra cn phi k n vn mi trng vn cha c quan tm ng mc, nht l trong bi cnh cc nc pht trin ngy cng tch cc s dng cc ro cn xanh ngn hng ha nhp khu t cc nc ang pht trin. Cht thi dt may cha c qun l ng mc, c bit l cc ha cht c hi v nc thi. c im ca nc thi sn xut dt nhum cha nhiu loi ha cht xt, cht ty ra, phn, nha thng, phm mugy nh hng xu n mi trng. Nu nh nhim nc thi khng c kim sot, th doanh nghip phi ng u vi nhiu vn nghim trng, phi tn rt nhiu kinh ph cho vic x l mi trng, mi p ng c cc tiu chun quy nh v mi trng, cng nh pht trin sn xut, xut khu bn vng, p ng cc yu cu ca tiu chun Eco friendly v mi trng.1.5.3 Nguyn nhnTrnh ca ngnh dt may cn mc thp so vi mt bng chung, do nng sut cha cao, cht lng cng cha c m bo.Vic nng cp nhng my mc thit b ang l hin i nht trn th gii s gp phi nhiu kh khn do trnh ca ngi lao ng Vit Nam cn hn ch, a phn l lao ng ph thng, t c tip xc vi khoa hc k thut tin tin nn kh vn hnh. V vy, doanh nghip cn tch cc hn na trong cng tc o to i ng cng nhn vin ca cng ty. gii quyt vn kh khn v t l ni a ha, gim lng nhp khu nguyn ph liu, cn c s h tr tch cc t pha Nh nc v Hip hi dt may. Tuy Nh nc c chnh sch thc y pht trin ngun nguyn liu cho ngnh nhng vn cha c thc hin trit .Vn mi trng vn cha c ch trng, h thng x l cht thi cng nghip v nc nhum vn cha p ng c yu cu kht khe ca cc nc pht trin.Tuy cng ty ch trng o to i ng thit k thi trang, khuyn khch ti nng tr, nhng nhn chung mu m sn phm vn kh n iu, cha th so snh c vi cc mu mt ti cc kinh thi trang trn th gii. nc ta li cha ch trng pht trin ngnh thi trang, hin nay mi ch c mt vin mu Fadin nghin cu v lnh vc thi trang.CHNG 2: GII PHP Y MNH XUT KHU HNG MAY MC TI CNG TY C PHN MAY 102.1 Quan im, nh hng chin lc ca ng v Nh nc y mnh sn xut v xut khu hng dt may Vit Nam (bao gm hng may mc)Dt may c nh gi l mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip ch yu ch yu trong qu trnh pht trin kinh t x hi, a t nc tin ln theo con ng cng nghip ha- hin i ha.Trong quyt nh v chin lc pht trin ngnh cng nghip dt may Vit Nam ca th tng chnh ph ngy 14/3/1008 ch r:2.1.1 Quan im pht trinPht trin ngnh dt may theo hng chuyn mn ha, hin i ha, nhm to ra bc pht trin nhy vt v cht v lng sn phm. To iu kin cho ngnh dt may Vit Nam tng trng nhanh, n nh, bn vng v hiu qu. Khc phc nhng im yu ca ngnh dt may l thng hiu ca cc doanh nghip cn yu, mu m thi trang cha c quan tm, cng nghip ph tr cha pht trin, cung cp nguyn ph liu va thiu, va khng kp thi.Ly xut khu lm mc tiu cho pht trin ngnh, m rng th trng xut khu, ng thi pht trin ti a th trng ni a. Tp trung pht trin mnh cc sn phm cng nghip h tr, sn xut nguyn ph liu, gim nhp siu nng cao gi tr gia tng cho cc sn phm trong ngnh.Pht trin ngnh dt may phi gn vi bo v mi trng v xu th dch chuyn lao ng nng nghip nng thn. Di chuyn cc c s gy nhim mi trng vo cc Khu, cm cng nghip tp trung to iu kin x l mi trng. Chuyn cc doanh nghip dt may s dng nhiu lao ng v cc vng nng thn, ng thi pht trin th trng thi trang Dt may Vit Nam ti cc th v thnh ph ln.a dng ha s hu v loi hnh doanh nghip trong ngnh dt may, huy ng mi ngun trong v ngoi nc u t pht trin dt may Vit Nam. Trong ch trng ku gi nhng nh u t nc ngoi tham gia u t vo nhng lnh vc m nhng nh u t trong nc cn yu v thiu kinh nghimPht trin ngun nhn lc c v s lng v cht lng cho s pht trin bn vng ca ngnh dt may Vit Nam. Trong , ch trng o to cn b qun l, cn b k thut, cng nhn lnh ngh nhm to ra i ng doanh nhn gii, cn b, cng nhn lnh ngh, chuyn su.2.1.2 Mc tiu pht trinBng 2.1: Mc tiu pht trinTc tng trngGiai on 2008-2010Giai on 20112020

Tng trng sn xut hng nm16-18%12-14%

Tng trng xut khu hng nm20%15%

Ngun: Quyt nh s 36/2008/Q-TTgCc ch tiu ch yu trong chin lc pht trin ngnh dt may Vit Nam n nm 2015, nh hng n nm 2020 nh sau: Bng 2.2: Cc ch tiu pht trinCh tiun v tnhThc hin 2006Mc tiu ton ngnh n

201020152020

Doanh thuTriu USD7.80014.80022.50031.000

Xut khuTriu USD5.83412.00018.00025.000

S dng lao ngNghn ngi2.1502.5002.7503.000

T l ni a haPhn trm32506070

Sn phm chnh

Bng xX, si tng hpSi cc loiViSn phm may1000 tn1000 tn1000 tnTriu m2Triu sn phm8-2655751.212201203501.0001.800402105001.5002.850603006502.0004.000

Ngun: Quyt nh s 36/2008/Q-TTg2.1.3 nh hng pht trin2.1.3.1 Sn phmTp trung pht trin v nng cao kh nng cnh tranh cho ngnh may xut khu tn dng c hi th trng. Nng cao t l ni a ha nng cao hiu qu trong sn xut v xut khu hng may mc. Ch trng n cng tc thit k thi trang, to ra cc sn phm dt may c c tnh khc bit cao, tng bc xy dng thng hiu sn phm cho cc doanh nghip. y nhanh vic p dng cc tiu chun qun l cht lng ph hp vi yu cu hi nhp trong ngnh dt may. Tng nhanh sn lng cc sn phm dt may, p ng nhu cu xut khu v tiu dng trong nc.Ku gi cc nh u t trong v ngoi nc u t sn xut x, si tn hp, nguyn ph liu, ph tng thay th v cc sn phm h tr cung cp cho cc daonh nghip.Xy dng chng trnh sn xut vi phc v xut khu. Tp on Dt may Vit Nam gi vai tr nng ct thc hin chng trnh ny.Xy dng chng trnh pht trin cy bng, trong ch trng xy dng cc vng trng bng c ti nhm tng nng sut v cht lng bng x ca Vit Nam cung cp cho ngnh dt.2.1.3.2 u t v pht trin sn xuti vi cc doanh nghip may: tng bc di di cc c s sn xut v cc a phng c ngun lao ng nng nghip v thun li giao thng. Xy dng cc trung tm thi trang, cc n v nghin cu thit k mu, cc Trung tm cung ng nguyn ph liu v thng mi ti Thnh ph H Ni, Thnh ph H Ch Minh v cc thnh ph ln.i vi cc doanh nghip si, dt, nhum v hon tt vi: xy dng cc khu, cm cng nghip chuyn ngnh dt may c c s h tng iu kin cung cp in, nc, x l nc thi p ng cc tiu chun mi trng theo quy nh ca Nh nc. Thc hin di di v xy dng mi cc c s dt nhum ti cc Khu, Cm cng nghip tp trung c iu kin x l nc thi v gii quyt tt vic nhim mi trng.Xy dng cc vng chuyn canh bng c ti ti cc a bn c iu kin v t ai, th nhng v kh hu nhm nng cao sn lng, nng sut v cht lng x, bng.2.1.3.3 Bo v mi trngXy dng bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ph hp vi Chin lc pht trin ngnh dt may v cc quy nh php lut v mi trng.Tp trung x l trit cc c s nhim mi trng nghim trng. Trin khai xy dng cc Khu, Cm cng nghip dt may c h thng x l nc thi tp trung, t tiu chun mi trng di di cc c s dt may c nguy c gy nhim mi trng vo khu cng nghip.Trin khai chng trnh sn xut sch hn trong ngnh dt may, khuyn khch cc doanh nghip p dng tiu chun qun l mi trng theo ISO 14000, to mi trng lao ng tt cho ngi lao ng theo tiu chun SA8000.Xy dng v thc hin l trnh i mi cng ngh trong ngnh dt may theo hng thn thin vi mi trng.Tng cng nng lc nghin cu khoa hc cng ngh v mi trng.p ng cc yu cu v mi trng v ro cn k thut hi nhp kinh t quc t.2.2 Mt s gii php thch nghi vi cc ro cn k thut nhm y mnh xut khu ti cng ty c phn May 102.2.1 Gii php i vi cng tyDoanh nghip cn phi ch ng tm hiu lut php, tp qun thng mi ca th trng cc nc nhp khu.Doanh nghip cn ht sc trnh nhng loi ro cn k trn. Trong trng hp mc phi, doanh ngip cn khn kho tm cch tho g cng vi s tr gip ca Chnh ph v Hip hi. Doanh nghip cn xy dng phng n, k hoch kinh doanh, phn tch ri ro v c hi t vic u t vo cc gii php vt qua ro cn k thut tim tng. Bn cnh nhng bin php m doanh nghip a ra, sau mt thi gian nghin cu, tm hiu, em xin c php a ra mt s gii php khc nh sau:2.2.1.1 Quan tm hn na ti vn mi trng- y mnh vic qun l ha cht: trong khi thc hin cc h thng qun l mi trng cn r sot cc ha cht thuc nhum, cht tr ang s dng, ngun gc, xut x ca chng, cc phiu s liu an ton ca nh cung ng.- Trin khai cc chng trnh sn xut sch hn: s dng hp l, tit kim v t hiu qu cao cc ha cht thuc nhum thn thin vi mi trng, cc cng ngh s dng t nc, t nng lng, gim thiu cht nc thi v cht thi kh..- i mi cng ngh nng cao cht lng sn phm: tng cng lin doanh lin kt vi cc nh u t trong v ngoi nc nhp khu nhng dy chuyn thit b mi. Nn c gng nhp khu t nhng nc c cng ngh ngun. 2.2.1.2 Thc hin tt tiu chun SA 8000Nn tng ca tiu chun ny chnh l thc hin tt B Lut Lao ng. Thm vo l vic xy dng tc phong cng nghip trong qun l, sn xut, kinh doanh. To mi quan h tn trng, on kt, gn b gia nhng ngi lao ng v cng ty.Khng nn nhn nhn SA 8000 nh mt vn mu thun vi mc tiu c gim chi ph tng li nhun, khng ph hp vi mc tiu kinh doanh. Ngc li, khi ngi lao ng c hng y nhng quyn li ca mnh, c lm vic trong mi trng m bo, h s yn tm lao ng, sng to, v vy s cho ra nhng sn phm cht lng tt hn v hng say lao ng hn.V th doanh nghip nn quan tm ci thin mi trng lm vic cho ngi lao ng, nh c phng n hp v sinh, m bo an ton v sinh thc phm; nh v sinh thng thong sch s; c khu ngh ngi cho ngi lao ng sau gi n.Bn cnh , cng ty nn chm dt tnh trng giao hng cho cc h dn c gia cng ti nh, v vic ny c th s dng n lao ng tr em v iu kin lm vic ti nh khng p ng c cc tiu chun khi lm vic c quy nh nh iu kin nh sng, s thng thong cn thit do c im ca cc sn phm may mc l c hm lng bng si ln, c th bay l lng trong khng kh.Nn c ch thi gian lm vic hp l nhm m bo sc khe cho ngi lao ng, mt ngy lm vic 8 ting, lm thm khng qu 4 ting/ 1ngy hoc 200 gi/ nm. Tin lng lm thm theo gi phi c tnh cao hn so vi thi gian lm vic thng thng. 2.2.1.3 Nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca cng ty cng sn phm may mc ca mnh- Ci thin cht lng sn phm: khi xut hng sang th trng cc nc pht trin, th yu t cht lng v nhn mc sn phm thng c ch hn c. nng cao cht lng sn phm, doanh nghip cn: kim tra cht ch cht lng nguyn ph liu, to bn hng cung cp nguyn ph liu n nh, ng thi hn, bo qun tt nguyn ph liu, trnh xung phm cp. Cn lu rng nguyn liu si vi l nhng hng ha ht m mnh, d h hng. Tun th nghim ngt yu cu ca bn t hng v nguyn ph liu, cng ngh, quy trnh sn xut theo ng mu hng v ti liu k thut bn t hng cung cp v m hng, quy cch k thut, nhn mc, ng gi, bao b..Doanh nghip cn phn u xut khu theo iu kin CIF, ch ng thu tu vn chuyn v bo him, trnh ri ro tn tht v suy gim cht lng sn phm. y cng l bin php nhm m bo yu cu v thi hn giao hng.- Xy dng v hon thin h thng tiu chun k thut theo tiu chun quc t. Cc sn phm c chng nhn ISO thng c nh gi cao hn, d to lng tin ni khch hng hn. Trong h thng qun l ca doanh nghip cn phi c mt u mi chuyn theo di cp nht cc ro cn k thut ti cc th trng xut khu ch v cc th trng tim nng m doanh nghip hng ti. Trin khai thc hin cc h thng qun l lin quan n cht lng nh ISO 9000. Ph bin cho tt c mi cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty nhn thc v ISO 9000. Hng dn cho cn b cng nhn vin thc hin theo cc quy trnh, th tc c vit ra. Phn r trch nhim ai s dng ti liu no v thc hin theo ng chc nng nhim v m th tc m t. T chc cc cuc nh gi ni b v s ph hp ca h thng v ra cc hot ng khc phc i vi s khng ph hp. 2.2.1.4 Tch cc xy dng thng hiu v thc hin cc bin php Marketing thc y xut khu- Tch cc tham gia vo cc hot ng xc tin thng mi, tham gia cc k hi ch, trin lm quc t. Theo nh gi ca cc chuyn gia, 70-80% s hp ng lm n ca doanh nghip c k kt thng qua cc hi ch, trin lm. Thng qua cc hi ch, doanh nghip c th t qung co cho mnh, cung cp thng tin cho khch hng bit v hiu v sn phm ca mnh vi cc tiu chun p ng c nhng tiu chun quc t. im trc tin cn xem xt khi tham gia hi ch l phi chn ng hi ch. Doanh nghip cn phn tch, nghin cu k lng ti liu ca nhng k hi ch trc v danh sch nhng ngi tham d. - Doanh nghip nn tch cc thnh lp vn phng i din v h thng phn phi trc tip ti nc ngoi. y l cu ni thng tin gia doanh nghip v cc i tc nc ngoi.- Pht trin thng mi in t. Hin nay cc nc pht trin ang tch cc khai thc Internet v tham gia vo thng mi in t nhm y mnh xut khu hng ha cng nh dch v ra th trng th gii. V vy, doanh nghip Vit Nam cn thnh lp cng ty thng mi in t v bn hng trc tuyn. ng thi, doanh nghip cn ng dng cng ngh thng tin, x dng cc b vi x l chuyn dng cung cp kh nng in ton vt tri v qun l bo mt linh hot hn cng nh nhng li th v chi ph.- Chun b lm vic trong mi trng Ting Anh l ch yu. Khi trnh ting Anh yu km, doanh nghip s rt kh nm bt c ht nhng yu cu m i tc a ra, hoc c nhng hiu sai trong cc thut ng v dn n nhng hu qu ng tic.2.2.1.5 Bo him ri ro khi xut khu hng haBin php an ton v khn ngoan nht trc khi bc vo th trng cc nc nh Hoa K, EU, Nht Bndoanh nghip xut khu nn tin hnh mua bo him cho cc thit hi v trch nhim v cht lng sn phm. Khi b kin v trch nhim v cht lng sn phm, th d c lut s xut sc, cc doanh nghip vn phi hu ta. Do vy, cn phi mua bo him cc cng ty bo him quc t ln. Vic mua bo him khi bn sn phm trn nhng th trng ln l cch tt nht doanh nghip trnh ph sn.2.2.2 Kin ngh i vi Nh nc2.2.2.1 Hon thin h thng tiu chun cht lng theo tiu chun quc t- Chn cc lnh vc u tin, trc mt l nhng nhm mt hng xut khu ch lc kin ton c s h tng: tiu chun, h thng phng th nghim c cng nhn, to s cng nhn ln nhau i vi cc chng ch cht lng.Mt thc t l Vit Nam hin vn cha c cc tiu chun quc gia v cht lng sn phm v cha c cc yu cu v mi trng, tiu chun sinh thi cho dt may. t c u th cnh tranh trn th trng quc t, Vit Nam cn dn dn xy dng cc tiu chun cht lng sn phm v cc yu cu v mi trng cho sn phm dt may, thc y vic thc hin nhn sinh thi c s tha nhn quc t v ci thin hnh nh v mi trng ca cc doanh nghip. xy dng cc tiu chun cht lng v mi trng ca ring mnh, Vit Nam nn rt ra t cc tiu chun v cc quy nh c chp nhn trn quc t, lm cho tiu chun ca mnh ph hp vi cc tiu chun quc t. Tuy nhin, cc yu cu v mi trng thay i rt nhiu vi cc mc pht trin kinh t, nn khi xy dng chnh sch v mi trng, mc pht trin ca t nc v c s h tng v mi trng ca mnh nn c cn nhc y , trnh a ra mc tiu khng th t c v to p lc ln cho cc doanh nghip. - Tng cng cng tc qun l mi trng ca cc doanh nghip m bo u th cnh tranh v mi trng. Cng nghip dt may l mt lnh vc gy nhim mnh. Do nhu cu quc t v cc sn phm thn thin vi mi trng tng ln, hnh nh ca cc doanh nghip dt may Vit Nam phi c ci thin trnh thua thit c th l do cc bin php xanh lm ny sinh. Thc y vic thc hin cc h thng qun l CSM, ISO 14000, p dng dn nhn sinh thi, c bit i vi cc doanh nghip xut khu ln.Cng nn lm chng ch nhn sinh thi nht qun vi cng ng quc t v thit lp c ch cng nhn ln nhau vi nc ngoi c th trnh c cc ro cn thng mi tim n.- Xy dng phng th nghim sinh thi Dt may v Trung tm pht trin cc mt hng vi trong giai on 2008-2010. - Xy dng c s d liu v ngnh Dt may, nng cao cht lng ca trang thng tin in t. 2.2.2.2 Nng cao hiu qu hot ng ca cc xc tin thng mi - Tng cng nng lc hot ng ca vn phng hi p v h thng cc c quan qun l cht lng lin quan cc b ngnh c nng lc trao i thng tin, yu cu hp l ca cc thnh vin v cc c quan lin quan trong t chc WTO.- Thit lp mt c ch theo di v ph bin thng tin c lin quan v y mnh trao i v hp tc quc t.Thiu thng tin l mt yu t chnh gy ra kh khn cho hng dt may xut khu ca Vit Nam. Cn thit lp mt c ch theo di v ph bin thng tin v cc tiu chun v cc yu cu v mi trng ca nc ngoi cho cc nh xut khu Vit Nam.Trung tm thng tin thuc Tng cc tiu chun hoc cc c quan chc nng lin quan khc nn theo di cht ch pht trin mi v cc tiu chun v yu cu cho cc sn phm v cung cp cc thng tin kp thi thng qua Internet hoc cc knh ni b khc. - Cc xc tin thng mi, phng thng mi phi thng xuyn t chc cc cuc hi ch, trin lm, gii thiu cc thng hiu dt may Vit Nam n th trng cc nc, ng thi cung cp trao i kinh nghim gia nh sn xut trong nc vi cc doanh nghip nc ngoi. 2.2.2.3 Tng cng s hiu bit v thng hiu v cc vn thng mi v mi trng Mc d hiu bit v mi trng ca cng chng ni chung tng ln Vit Nam nhng mt s b phn qun l v cng ty thiu s hiu bit cn thit v s thng hiu v cc vn thng mi v mi trng. S hiu bit khng y ca h v cc vn mi trng ngy cng ngt ngho nc ngoi v s cnh tranh trn th trng quc t ang tng ln mnh m dn n thua thit khng cn thit.Do vy, cn tng hiu bit ca nhng ngi lin quan thng qua s cng khai thng tin, o to v hi tho, hc hi kinh nghim t nc ngoi v y mnh trao i hp tc vi cc c quan nc ngoi.Trong trao i quc t, Vit Nam nn lm r rng rng pht trin bn vng l nguyn tc c bn m Vit Nam theo ui. iu ny c th tng cng s hiu ca cng ng quc t v cc c gng m Vit Nam hng ti. Vit Nam nn tham gia cng nhiu cng tt vo cc cuc m phn quc t nhm vo hi ha ha cc tiu chun v cc yu cu v mi trng; ng thi nn tch cc tip xc vi t chc xy dng tiu chun nc ngoi c c thng tin c lin quan v cn thit v nhn c s tr gip k thut. 2.2.2.4 Pht trin cc yu t u vo (bao gm nguyn ph liu cung cp cho ngnh may v ngun nhn lc)- Pht trin vng nguyn liu v nhng ngnh cng nghip ph tr cho dt may: Hin nay nguyn ph liu ca ngnh dt may ch yu l nhp khu, th trng nhp khu ln ca ta bao gm Trung Quc, i LoanTrong khi t l ni a ha s quyt nh xut x ca hng ha. V vy, nu ta mun c hng nhng u i ca cc nc pht trin dnh cho th cn phi nng cao t l ni a ha hn na. V d nh Nht Bn, trong m phn v Hip nh i tc kinh t vi Vit Nam EPA (d kin kt thc vo cui nm nay v c hiu lc ngay sau ) a ra tiu ch xut x hai cng on. Xut x hai cng on c ngha l hng dt may VN xut sang Nht phi c sn xut t nguyn ph liu trong nc, hoc ca Nht hoc ca cc nc ASEAN. Thc hin theo EPA, xut khu hng dt may ca VN vo Nht Bn s c hng mc thu sut thu xut khu 0%.y c xem l bi ton kh vi dt may Vit Nam khi m nguyn ph liu nhp khu chim ti 60-70%. V vy, Nh nc nn c quy hoch c th, bin nhng vng t nng nghip c iu kin ph hp vi trng bng, trng du thnh nhng khu chuyn cung cp nguyn ph liu cho ngnh dt may. Bn cnh , phi xy dng trung tm thu mua, trnh tnh trng nh ma, snngi dn trng ri khng bit bn cho ai, n khi doanh nghip cn mua th ngi dn li khng trng na. - H tr o to ngun nhn lc: cn t chc cc chng trnh o to ngh, gii quyt vn thiu ht v nng cao cht lng ngun lao ng; m cc lp o to cn b qun l kinh t- k thut v cn b php ch, cn b bn hng chuyn ngnh Dt may; m cc kha o to v thit k v phn tch vi, k nng qun l sn xut; c cn b, hc sinh tham gia cc kha o to nc ngoi chuyn v qun l v thit k thi trang; xy dng trng i hc Dt may v Thi trang to c s vt cht cho cc lp o to.2.2.3 Kin ngh vi Hip hi dt may Vit Nam- i vi Hip hi, cn nng cao vai tr ca Hip hi ngnh trong vic thu thp, cp nht v ph bin thng tin v ro cn k thut ton din ti cc th trng xut khu ch v cc th trng m ngnh hng ti. B phn ny phi c cp kinh ph duy tr hot ng thng xuyn u n. Thng tin v ro cn k thut cn c ph bin rng ri trong mt mc ring trn website ca Vinatex v Vin Dt May.- Hip hi cn tr gip thng tin cho doanh nghip v cc ha cht thn thin vi mi trng, h tr kinh ph tin hnh nghin cu thch ng cng ngh cho qu trnh sn xut thn thin vi sinh thi v p dng sn xut sch hn vo qu trnh sn xut ca doanh nghip.- To iu kin cc doanh nghip trong Hip hi trao i thng tin vi nhau cng nh gii quyt cc bc xc ca doanh nghip khi thm nhp th trng quc t, bo v quyn li ca doanh nghip khi cn thit.- Xy dng v thc hin cc quy chun v ha cht hi ha vi cc quy chun hin hnh trn th gii.- Bn cnh vic cnh tranh cng tin b, cc doanh nghip Vit Nam cn hp tc ln nhau, tr gip nhau cng pht trin y mnh xut khu hng dt may Vit Nam ni chung ra th trng th gii ch khng phi ginh git th phn ca i phng. Chng ta cn xc nh r i th l nhng nh xut khu t cc quc gia khc trn th gii v cc doanh nghip trong nc chnh l nhng ngi bn ng hnh trong cuc chin vn ra th trng th gii.KT LUNTrong qu trnh ton cu ha hin nay, cc nc pht trin lun thc p cc nc ang pht trin phi y nhanh qu trnh hi nhp, m ca th trng, thc hin t do ha thng mi, ct gim thu quan..Nhng ngc li, nhng nc pht trin li lun lun tm mi cch t ra cc ro cn thng mi nhm mc ch bo h sn xut trong nc, lm gim sc cnh tranh ca nhng hng ha xut khu ca nhng nc ngho ang pht trin. Vit Nam gia nhp WTO ng ngha vi vic cc doanh nghip Vit Nam phi tham gia vo ch ton cu. V vy, c th kinh doanh tt, cc doanh nghip cn tm hiu k lng i tc, nhng ro cn thng mi ca h, tng bc a ra nhng i sch ng n. Tuy nhin, vi thc lc ca cc doanh nghip trong ngnh dt may ca Vit Nam nh hin nay, trnh sn xut vn cn yu km nn kh c th p ng c y cc yu cu ca th trng quc t, thiu k nng v kinh ngim trong thc hin cc hot ng thng mi quc t, cng vi s cnh tranh ln nhau gia cc nc ang pht trinth c th to dng c th phn ti cc th trng kh tnh, khng ch i hi s n lc, c gng ca tng doanh nghip ring l nh cng ty c phn May 10, m cn cn s tc ng tch cc t pha Hip hi dt may v Nh nc. Nu b vp phi cc loi ro cn thng mi, cc doanh nghip cn phi tnh to tho g, kt hp nhng bin php ca chnh doanh nghip vi s tr gip ca Nh nc v Hip hi ngnh ngh.Trn y l ton b nhng phn tch ca em v ti: Nhng ro cn k thut i vi hng may mc Vit Nam v bin php y mnh xut khu hng may mc ti cng ty c phn May 10. Do cn thiu kinh nghim nghin cu cng nh s hn ch v ngun thng tin tham kho, bi vit chc chn khng thiu khi nhng thiu st. Em rt mong nhn c s nh gi ng gp kin ca thy c v cc bn ti c hon thin hn na. PH LCPH LC I: QUY NH LIN QUAN N BAO B V PH LIU BAO BYu cuM t

Cc gii hn cho kim loi nng: ch, cadimi, thy ngn v crom- Tng nng ti a cc kim loi nng trong bao b khng c vt qu 100ppm theo khi lng.- Cc ngoi l:+ Cc thng plastic t thanh tha v gi plastic lm t vt liu ti ch c dng thm vt liu ni a ti 20% th khng p dng cc gii hn ny min l cc iu kin khc p ng.+ Bao b thy tinh c sn xut t vt liu ti ch

Lin quan n sn xut, thnh phn, ti s dng v thu hi- Cc yu cu nh l gim trng lng v th tch ti mc thp nht, ph hp vi ti s dng, ti ch, thu hi nng lng hoc lm phn .

Ghi du v nhn bitBn thn bao b hoc trn nhn phi ghi du thch hp: nhn r, d c, lu m k c khi bao b c m.Cc nh sn xut a thm cc du hiu nhn bit (h thng ghi du c hi ha vi cc th trng quc t khc) phn gia hoc pha di vi biu tng hnh v c th xc nh bao b l ti s dng hoc thu hi li c.

PH LC II: DANH SCH CC AMIN B CMSTTS CASCh sS ECCht

192-67-1612-072-00-6202-177-1Biphenyl1-4-ylamin

292-87-5612-042-00-2202-199-1Benzidine

395-69-2202-441-64-chloro-o-toluidine

491-59-8612-022-00-3202-080-42-napthylamine

597-56-3611-006-00-3202-591-2o-aminoazotoluen 4-amino-2

699-55-8202-756-85-nitro-o-toluidine

7106-47-8203-401-04-chloroaniline

8615-05-4210-406-14-methoxy-m-phenylenedianiline

9101-77-9612-051-00-1202-974-44,4-methylenedianiline4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane

1091-94-1612-068-00-4202-109-03,3-dichlorobenzidine3,3-dichlorobuphenyl-4,4-yelenediamine

11119-90-4612-036-00-X204-658-03,3-dimethoxybenzidine

12119-93-7612-041-00-7204-658-03,3-dimethoxybenzidine; 4,4-bi-o-toiluidine

13838-88-0612-058-00-7212-658-84,4-methy;enedi-o-toluidine

14102-71-8204-419-16-methoxy-m-toluidine pcresidine

15101-14-4612-078-00-9202-918-94,4-methylene-bis-2-chloro-aniline2,2-dichloro-4,4-methylenediamine

16101-80-4202-977-04,4-oxydianiline

17139-65-1202-370-94,4-oxydianiline

1895-53-4612-091-00-X202-429-0o-toluidine; 2-aminotoluence

1995-80-7612-099-00-3202-753-14-mrthyl-m-phenyleneduamine

20137-17-7202-282-02,4,5-trimethylaniline

2190-04-4612-035-00-4201-963-1o-anisidine; 2-methoxyaniline

2260-09-3611-008-00-4200-453-64-amino azobenzence

PH LC III: NHNG CHT C CHO L C NGUY C RT CAO1. Triethylarsenate (CAS 427-700-2) L do: cht gy ung th Cc lnh vc s dng: Cc sn phm Plastic/ PVC Hng thy tinh

Tm thy tinh nh du trn tng Thit b in v in t Vt liu dt v m phm Cht bo qun g v thuc bo v thc vt2. Anthracene (CAS 204-371-1) L do: cht thuc nhm PBT Cc lnh vc s dng: Sn xut cc sn phm pho hoa c dng trong sn xut phim v sn xut sn khu di dng thnh phn ca khi en. Tp cht trong cc loi du ca cht do ha hoc cc pigment en. Cht trung gian hoc anthraquinone, c dng trong sn xut thuc nhum hoc sn xut bt g.3. 4-4-Diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA) (CAS. 202-974-4) L do: cht c gy ung th Cc lnh vc s dng: Cht trung gian sn xut cc polyme c hiu nng cao Cht trung gian sn xut sn phm poliuretan cui cng Cc cht lm cng cho nha epoxy v cc cht kt dnh4. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) (CAS. 201-557-4) L do: cht c vi qu trnh sinh sn Cc lnh vc s dng: Cht do ha cho nha v polyme tng hp (ch yu l PVC) S dng trong mc in, cht kt dnh, va lng, sn nitroxenlulo, lp trng cho phim v x thy tinh5. Coban Dicclorua (CAS. 231-589-4) L do: cht c gy ung th Cc lnh vc s dng: Cht ph gia trong sn xut cao su Cht lm kh trong sn, vecni, mc Cht ch th m trong m k/ phong v bin Sn xut vitamin B12 Thuc nhum gn mu trong thy tinh c sn Mc v hnh Cht hp th gas M in ( trang sc, kha tht lng) Cht bi trn trong cng c ct Sn xut kim loi mu (c bit l niken)6. Diarsenic pentaoxide (CAS. 215-116-9) L do: cht c gy ung th Cc lnh vc s dng: c s dng trong ngnh nhum Luyn kim (lm cng ng, ch, vng) Cc loi thy tinh c bit Cht bo qun g7. Diarsenic troixide (CAS> 215-481-4) L do: cht c gy ung th Cc lnh vc s dng: Tc nhn kh mu cho thy tinh v men Thy tinh v pha l ch Cht bo qun g8. Natri dicromat (CAS. 234-190-3) L do: cht c gy ung th, gy t bin gen v c i vi sinh sn Cc lnh vc s dng: Thy tinh nhum mu v men bng gm Sn xut tinh du v nc hoa Sn xut cc hp cht crom hoc cc pigment Hon tt kim loi chng n mn Cht gn mu trong nhum Sn xut vitamin K9. 5-tert-butyl-2-4-6-trinitro-m-xylene (musk xylene) L do: cht thuc nhm vPvB Cc lnh vc s dng: Hng thm ng dng tng cc sn phm m phm hoc cht ty ra, cht lm mm vi, cc sn phm v sinh gia dng.10. Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) (CAS. 204-211-0) L do: cht c vi qu trnh sinh sn Cc lnh vc s dng: Cht do ha tng cc sn phm polyme, ch yu trong PVC chi plastic Vt liu xy dng nh vt liu tri sn, dy cp, vt liu lp mi Cc sn phm y t (nh ti ng mu v thit b thm tch)11. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) (CAS. 247-184-4 v 221-695-9) v tt c cc diasteroisomer c xc nh L do: cht thuc nhm PBT Cc lnh vc s dng: Cht lm chm chy, ch yu trong polystyren Cht lm chm chy ch yu trong vt liu dt v sn phm in v in t12. Cc alkane, C10-13, clo (cc parafin clo ha mch ngn) (CAS. 287-476-5) L do: cht thuc nhm PBT v vPvB Cc lnh vc s dng: Cht lm chm chy dng trong vt liu dt v cao su Sn, sealant v cht kt dnh13. Bis (tributyltin) oxide (TBTO) (CAS. 200-268-0) L do: cht thuc nhmPBT Cc lnh vc s dng: Cht khng khun ca sn tu bin Vt liu trng cho vt liu dt ni tht lp nn Bt xp poliuretan v cc polyme khc c dng trong vt liu tri sn, gch v thmX l lng v14. Ch Hydrogenarsenate (CAS. 232-064-2) L do: cht gy ung th v cht c vi qu trnh snh sn Cc lnh vc s dng: Cc sn phm plastic/ PVC Hng ha thy tinh (thy tinh lm ca s, pha l, thy tinh ch) Tm thy tinh nh du trn tng Thit b in v in t Vt liu dt v m phm Cht bo qun g v thuc bo v thc vt Cng c p dng trong sealant, cht kt dnh sn, mc v lacquer15. Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) (CAS. 201-622-7) L do: cht c vi qu trnh sinh sn Cc lnh vc s dng: Cht do ha trong cc sn phm PVC, ch yu l cho vt liu tri sn. Cng c p dng trong cc cht sealant, cht kt dnh sn, mc v lacquerDanh mc ti liu tham kho PGS.TS T Xun Dn; Gio trnh Chnh sch kinh t i ngoi, l thuyt v kinh nghim quc t; Nh xut bn thng k. Tp on dt may Vit Nam, Vin dt may; Nhng ro cn k thut trong thng mi dt may; Nh xut bn Bch Khoa, H Ni May 10, 50 nm lm theo li Bc, n phm cng ty c phn May 10. Cc bi bo: - Ci duyn May 10- Bo din n doanh nghip (03/08/2005)- May 10- tr ha hi nhp- Bo doanh nghip v Hi nhp (9/11/2007)- u tin cho pht trin thng hiu- Bo thng mi (31/3/2008)- May 10 ra mt hai dng sn phm cao cp mi- Thi bo kinh t Vit Nam (19/04/2006) - May 10 ng cp lun c khng nh- Tp ch cng nghip (18/07/2007) Bo co xut nhp khu trc tip thng 12 nm 2007; thng 12 nm 2008, thng 12 nm 2009- Phng k hoch, CTCP May10 Bo co ch tiu lao ng tin lng nm 2007, 2008, 2009- Phng k hoch, CTCP May 10 Ngun t Internet: : http://viet.vietnamembassy.us/tintuc/story.php?d=20020320145139http://www.trongtanco.com/vn/Dich-Vu/Dich-Vu-3/Tieu-Chuan-Quan-Ly/Tieu-Chuan-Wrap/ http://www.vneconomy.com.vn/vie/index.php?param=article&catid=01&id=2018defa486b26http://www.vneconomy.com.vn/vie/index.php?param=article&catid=10&id=7aa9f45b1a698dhttp://irv.moi.gov.vn/socuoithang/nhipsongmoi/2005/11/14047.ttvnhttp://www.vir.com.vn/Client/Dautu/dautu.asp?CatID=6&DocID=12060http://www.clst.ac.vn/AP/tapchitrongnuoc/hdkh/2002/so12/08.htmlhttp://vcci.vn/hstt/Japan.htmHi ng qun tr

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