1

REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA

KOMITE YIGENGA Y’IMPUGUKE

ISHINZWE IPEREREZA KU IHANUKA

RY’INDEGE FALCON 50 N°9XR-NN

RYABAYE KUWA 06 MATA 1994

RAPORO Y’IPEREREZA KU IHANUKA

RY’INDEGE FALCON 50, NOMERO 9XR-NN,

RYABAYE KUWA 06 MATA 1994

2

3

AMASHAKIRO

IRIBURIRO RUSANGE ................................................................................................................ 5

Amateka n’inshingano za Komite ......................................................................................................... 5

Uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu iperereza ................................................................................................... 6

Uko ibintu byari byifashe mu rwego rwa Politiki mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege ............................ 9

IGICE CYA MBERE : UBURYO GUHANURA INDEGE BYATEGUWE N’UKO

BYASHYIZWE MU BIKORWA .................................................................................................. 18

Ishyirwa ahagaragara ry’umugambi wo kwica Perezida Habyarimana, mbere y’ihanurwa

ry’indege ye............................................................................................................................................ 19

Inkuru yatanzwe n’abayobozi ba Hutu power ................................................................................... 19

Amakuru yari azwi mu Ngabo z’ u Rwanda ....................................................................................... 22

Amakuru yari azwi na Perezida Habyarimana ubwe n'abanyamahanga.............................................. 26

Itegurwa n’impamvu z’inama y’i Dar-es- Salaam ............................................................................. 30

Gukemura ikibazo cya politike cyari mu Rwanda ............................................................................... 30

Perezida Habyarimana yotswa igitutu mbere y’inama y’i Dar-es- Salaam................................................... 30

Ibibazo by’u Burundi nibyo byari impamvu y’ingenzi y’inama y’ i Dar-es-Salaam .................................. 31

Ibibazo byerekeye urugendo rw’Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda ................................................. 32

Uko inama yagenze n’uburyo indege yo mu bwoko bwa Falcon 50 yagarutse ............................................ 38

Ibyo guhanurwa kw’indege n’ibyakurikiyeho ................................................................................... 42

Nta perereza ryakozwe kw’ihanurwa ry’indege .................................................................................. 44

Ibibazo byerekeye icyuma gifata amajwi kitwa “agasanduka kirabura” ........................................... 47

Amakuru yatanzwe indege ikimara guhanuka yavugaga ko agasanduka kirabura kayo kari mu Bufaransa ............................................................................................................................................................. 47

Ibinyoma bya Paul Barril nuko byaje kunyomozwa na Sosiyete Dassault Services Aviation yakoze indege ............................................................................................................................................................. 47

Amakuru yatanzwe n’Abanyarwanda, Ababiligi n’Abafaransa .......................................................... 48

Ibindi byaje kuvuguruzwa nyuma: Agasanduka kirabura k’agahimbano mu Muryango w’Abibumbye ..... 51

Ubuhamya bwemeza ko Abafaransa aribo batwaye agasanduka kirabura .......................................... 52

Ihanurwa ry’indege uko rivugwa n’abatangabuhamya babibonye. ..................................................... 56

Abaturage bari batuye hafi yaho ihanurwa ryabereye ......................................................................... 57

Abatekinisiye b’ikibuga cy’indege ...................................................................................................... 57

Abasirikare barinda Perezida bari ku kibuga cy’indege ...................................................................... 61

Abasirikare ba MINUAR bari mu kazi ku kibuga cy’indege n’abari mu itsinda ry’Ababiligi bari bashinzwe ubutwererane n’u Rwanda muri tekinike ya gisirikare ........................................................................ 64

Uko bangiye MINUAR kugera aho indege yahanukiye ...................................................................... 71

Abasirikare b’Abafaransa bahawe umwihariko wo kugera aho indege yahanukiye ........................... 74

Aho Ingabo za FPR zari ziri muri CND ............................................................................................. 75

Gucungwa no kugenzurwa n’Ingabo za MINUAR ............................................................................ 76

Igenzura mu ibanga kandi ridahwema ry’inzu yInama y ‘Igihugu Iharanira Amajyambere (CND) ryakorwaga n’abajepe ............................................................................................................................................. 78

Uko FPR yari ihagaze kuri CND ku mugoroba w’ihanurwa ry’indege no mu minsi yakurikiyeho .... 83

Imbonerahamwe y’ibibazo by’ingenzi birebana n’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Falcon 50 ................... 92

Icyerekezo Indege ya Falcon 50 yaturutsemo yitegura kugwa ............................................................ 92

Aho indege Falcon 50 yaguye ............................................................................................................. 93

Ubwoko bw’ibisasu byakoreshejwe mu guhanura Falcon 50 .............................................................. 93

UMWANZURO KU GICE CYA MBERE KU BIREBANA N’IMPAMVU N’UBURYO INDEGE

YAHANUWEMO ................................................................................................................................. 96

4

IGICE CYA KABIRI: URUHARE MU IHANURWA RY’INDEGE ......................................... 98

Ibisobanuro n’ibivugwa binyuranye ku bahanuye iriya ndege ............................................................ 99

Iregwa ry’Abasirikare b’Ababiligi bari muri MINUAR ...................................................................... 99

Iregwa ry’Abasirikare b’Uburundi n’abari mu mitwe ya pilitiki itavuga rumwe na Leta y’Uburundi ....... 102

Iregwa rya Perezida Mobutu ....................................................................................................................... 102

Iregwa ry’Umutwe wa FPR ........................................................................................................................ 104

Iregwa ry’Intagondwa z’Abahutu ............................................................................................................... 106

Ibimenyetso simusiga byerekana uruhare rw’ingabo z’u Rwanda n’abayobozi bakomeye bo mu

kazu mu itegura no mu ishyira mubikorwa ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida .............................. 111

Impamvu y’umugambi wo kwica Perezida wa Repubulika. Icyemezo cyo kuburizamo burundu Amasezerano ya Arusha ........................................................................................................................................... 111

Uburyo bwakoreshejwe kugira ngo igikorwa cy’ubwicanyi kigerweho. .......................................... 115

Ibyakozwe kugira ngo abasirikare b’Ababirigi bave muri MINUAR ............................................... 115

Imyiteguro y’igikorwa mu minsi yegereye ihanurwa ry’indege ........................................................ 121

Abasirikare ba MINUAR babuzwa kwinjira mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege ........................................................................................................................................................... 122

Gucunga no guhindura mu buryo butunguranye itumanaho rya gisirikare........................................ 125

Iremuzwa ku ngufu ry’isoko ryo ku Mulindi, hafi y’i Kanombe....................................................... 128

Abajepe bakwijwe mu myanya mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege batangira ibikorwa ako kanya indege imaze guhanurwa ......................................................................................................................................... 130

Ibindi bikorwa byerekana ko abasirikare b’u Rwanda biteguraga guhanura indege ......................... 136

Ihirika ry’ubutegetsi ryabaye mu ijoro ry’uwa 6 Mata 1994, rihishura impamvu zatumye indege ihanurwa .................................................................................................................................................................... 139

Imyitwarire yerekana ko hari gahunda yari izwi yo kwica [Habyarimana] ................................................ 143

Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifite inzobere mu gukoresha intwaro zihanura indege ........................................ 145

Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifite misile n’imizinga yo kuzirashisha .............................................................. 147

Itumiza rinyuranye rya za misile n’imizinga yo kuzohereza ...................................................................... 147

Ibyavuye mu maperereza ya MINUAR n’ay’abigenga .............................................................................. 151

Gutunga za misile kwa A.P.R. ntigufitiwe ibimenyetso ................................................................... 155

Ibimenyetso bidafatika bya MIP ........................................................................................................ 155

Ikinyoma kuri misile yabonetse mu Kagera mu mwaka w’i 1991 ................................................... 158

Kudatangaza ibaruwa ya Jenerali Quesnot yemeza ko Ingabo z’u Rwanda zifite misile nshya biteye amakenga ........................................................................................................................................................... 158

Kwivuguruza cyangwa ibinyoma bya Koloneli Bernard Cussac ....................................................... 159

Ugushidikanya kwa Jenerali Ndindiriyimana kuri misile zaba zitunzwe na FPR ............................. 160

Ahantu misile zarasiye indege ya Falcon. ......................................................................................... 162

Masaka-CEBOL ......................................................................................................................................... 162

Ibibazo byabyukijwe n’ivumburwa ry’imbunda zirasa za misile ryavugwaga ........................................... 170

Ibibazo byatewe n’amafoto y’ibibunda bitera za misile byashyikirijwe Ubufaransa na Liyetena Koloneli Ephrem Rwabalinda.................................................................................................................................... 171

Umwanzuro ku bivugwa ko misile zarasiwe i Masaka ...................................................................... 172

Ahantu hanyuranye ha Kanombe ...................................................................................................... 173

Ibivugwa ku batangabuhamya n’inkuru zabo .................................................................................... 180

Abahanuye indege ............................................................................................................................. 181

UMWANZURO RUSANGE ...................................................................................................... 182

5

IRIBURIRO RUSANGE

Amateka n’inshingano za Komite

Komite yigenga y’impuguke ishinzwe iperereza ku ihanuka ry’indege Falcon 50 nomero 9XR-NN yashyizweho n’iteka rya Minisitiri w’intebe No 07/03 ryo kuwa 16 Mata 2007. Minisitiri ufite ubutabera mu nshingano ze agenzura imikorere yayo ni nawe ishyikiriza raporo z’ibikorwa byayo. Hateganijwe ko Imirimo ya Komite izamara igihe kitagennwe. Ingingo ya 3 y’iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe rishyiraho komite igira iti: « Komite y’impuguke ifite inshingano rusange yo kugaragaza ukuri ku ihanuka ry’indege yo mu bwoko bwa Falcon 50

nomero 9XR-NN, ryabaye kuwa 06 Mata 1994, igahitana abantu bakurikira:

- HABYARIMANA Juvenal, wahoze ari Perezida wa Repubulika y’ u Rwanda n’abari

bamuherekeje ;

- NTARYAMIRA Cyprien, wahoze ari Perezida wa Repubulika y’ u Burundi n’abari

bamuherekeje ;

- Abafaransa bari bashinzwe iyo ndege.

Muri urwo rwego, komite y’impuguke ifite inshingano zihariye zikuririkira :

- Gukusanya amakuru ajyanye n’ihanuka ry’indege ;

- Gusesengura amakuru yose yakusanyijwe hagamijwe kubona icyerekezo rusange ku

bijyanye n’iperereza ;

- Gushakisha, kwegeranya no gusuzuma ibimenyetso bijyanye n’ihanuka ry’indege ;

- Kugaragaza impamvu, uko iharurwa ryabaye, uburyo ryabayemo n’abarigizemo

uruhare».

Komite igizwe n’abantu barindwi . Yahawe igihe cy’umwaka, uhereye ku itariki ya 01 Ukuboza 2007, ari nayo tariki Komite yatangiriyeho ibikorwa byayo. Icyo gihe cyaje kongerwa inshuro ebyeri. Ku nshuro ya mbere cyongerewe igihe cy’amezi atatu, ahera kuwa 01 Ukuboza 2008 akageza kuwa 28 Gashyantare 2009 yo kurangiza kwandika no gutunganya raporo y’ibyavuye mu iperereza, kwiga ku ntwaro zakoreshejwe mu kurasa indege, n’isesengura rya tekiniki ry’ibisigazwa by’iyo ndege. Ku nshuro ya kabiri cyongereweho amezi abiri, ahereye tariki ya 01 Werurwe 2009 akageza kuwa 30 Mata 2009 yo guhindura raporo mu ndimi z’icyongereza n’ i Kinyarwanda. Amezi abiri yambere yahariwe gushaka no gutunganya aho komite izakorera, uburyo izakora, gushaka abakozi bazayifasha kurangiza inshingano zayo, gushyiraho amategeko ngengamikorere n’andi mategeko, Kugena gahunda y’ibikorwa n’ingengo y’imari ijyanye nabyo, kwemeza uburyo ubushashatsi n’iperereza bizakorwa n’uburyo bizakorwa, gushyiraho ingengabihe y’ibikorwa no gukusanya no gusoma amakuru ajyanye n’ihanurwa ry’iyo ndege yamaze gushyirwa ahagagara. Komite yagennye uburyo izarangiza inshingano yahawe ikoresheje uburyo buzayifasha gukora iperereza mu buryo bwa gihanga.

6

Uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu iperereza

Kugirango ishobore kurangiza inshingano yahawe, Komite yabanje kugena aho amakuru akeneye azava, ikurikizaho kuyatara mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Mu gihugu, Komite yagiye aho ihanurwa ry’indege ryabereye n’ahahegereye, ibaza abaturage bari bahatuye muri 1994 cyangwa bari bahari icyo gihe kubera impamvu zinyuranye, inabaza kandi n’undi muntu wese washobaraga kuba afite amakuru ataziguye afitanye isano n’ihanuka ry’iyo ndege. Komite yibanze by’umwihariko ku batangabuhamya bafite icyo biboneye ubwabo cyangwa se biyumviye kijyanye n’ibyabaye igihe indege yahanurwaga. Komite yazengurutse igihugu cyose igamije kubonana no kubaza abasirikare bahoze mu mitwe yihariye y’ingabo z’ u Rwanda z’icyo gihe ariyo : ishami ryari rishinzwe ubutasi, umutwe w’abaparakomando,umutwe wo kurwanya umwanzi watera aturutse mu kirere, umutwe w’abajepe , ishami ryari rishinzwe iby’itumanaho mu ngabo, umutwe warwanishaga ibimodoka by’intambara, umutwe wa jandarumori y’igihugu wari ushinzwe kurinda umutekano w’ikibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe n’abasirikare bahoze ari aba FPR Inkotanyi, by’umwihariko abari muri batayo yari yaracumbikiwe mu nyubako y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yahoze yitwa Inama y’Igihugu Iharanira Amajyambere (CND) kuva mu Kuboza 1993 kugeza muri Mata 1994. Komite yanabajije abatekinisiye b’ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kanombe, barimo abari ku izamu mu ijoro ryo kuwa 06 rishyira uwa 07 Mata 1994. Mu babajijwe harimo uwari komanda w’Ikibuga cy’Indege w’izamu, abakozi bakorera mu munara ugenzurirwamo indege ziza n’izigenda (tour de contrôle), abatekinisiye bashinzwe iby’amashanyarazi n’itumanaho, abazimya muriro n’abandi. Nyuma yo kubyumvikanaho n’abatangabuhamya, Komite yahisemo uburyo bwo kubabaza inabafata amajwi n’amafoto. Kuva mu ikubitiro, haba mu nyandiko cyangwa mu buhamya, Komite yihatiye guhora ishakisha ibimenyetso bishingiye ku kutabogama, bizira amarangamutima kandi byizewe. Ni muri urwo rwego, mu gihe cyo gutoranya no guhitamo ibikwiye kwizerwa, Komite yashyize imbere inyandiko n’ubuhamya byatanzwe, bigasesengurwa kandi bikemezwa n’inkiko cyangwa se ibyavuzwe n’impuguke, ubuhamya bw’ababibonye ubwabo na za raporo zakozwe n’inzego zibifitiye ububasha. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza iperereza ryakozwe mu turere twose tw’u Rwanda no mu mujyi wa Kigali. Mu gihe cy’umwaka, kuva muri Gashyantare 2008 Kugeza muri Gashyantare 2009, Komite yumvise ubuhamya bw’abantu 557.

7

INTARA AKARERE UMUBARE W’ABATANGABUHAMYA

UBURASIRAZUBA Bugesera 3

Kayonza 13

Kirehe 15

Ngoma 34

Gatsibo 2

Nyagatare 1

Rwamagana 10

Igiteranyo 78

AMAJYARUGURU Burera 15

Gakenke 7

Gicumbi 40

Musanze 22

Rulindo 7

Igiteranyo 91

AMAJYEPFO Gisagara 3

Huye 15

Nyamagabe 28

Nyanza 8

Nyaruguru 9

Muhanga 13

Ruhango 3

Kamonyi 5

Igiteranyo 84

UBURENGERAZUBA Ngororero 9

Rubavu 23

Rutsiro 1

Rusizi 5

Karongi 6

Nyamasheke 8

Nyabihu 15

Igiteranyo 67

Umujyi wa Kigali Gasabo 82

Kicukiro 133

Nyarugenge 22

Igiteranyo 237

IGITERANYO RUSANGE 557

8

Mu gihe iperereza ryakorwaga mu gihugu, hanakozwe kandi ingendo hanze yacyo zari zigamije gushakisha inyandiko n’amakuru. Iperereza ryo hanze y’u Rwanda ryakorewe i Burundi no muri Tanzaniya (Arusha na Dar-es-Salaam) hagamijwe kwakira ubuhamya bw’ abagize uruhare mu nama yabereye i Dar-es-Salaam ku wa 06 Mata 1994. Komite yibanze cyane cyane ku buhamya bwatanzwe n’abadipolomate b’abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga bagize uruhare mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose haba mu itegurwa cyangwa mu ikorwa ry’inama y’ i Dar-es-Salaam. Ni muri urwo rwego, intumwa za Komite zagiye mu butumwa bw’iperereza muri Kenya ku biro by’akarere by’umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe iby’indege za Gisirivili (OACI), muri Benin no mu Bwongereza. Komite kandi yandikiye Jenerali Romeo Dallaire imusaba ubuhamya ariko asubiza avuga ko adashobora kubutanga atabiherewe uburenganzira ku mugaragaro n’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye. Komite kandi yahaye uburemere ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abakozi ba MINUAR, cyane cyane abasirikare bari ku kazi ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kanombe mu ijoro ryo kuwa 06 Mata 1994. Bamwe muri bo bari muri za serivisi z’ingenzi zirimo umunara ugenzurirwamo indege ziza n’izigenda (tour de contrôle) kandi bari bafite inshingano zo kubungabunga umutekano muri biriya bihe bitari byoroshye, bakurikiranira hafi ibyashoboraga kuba. Abo bakozi, bakaba n’abasirikare b’umwuga, bavuze ibintu babonye ubwo byabaga cyangwa mu kanya gato nyuma y’ ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida. Komite kandi yahaye agaciro ibimenyetso bishingiye ku nyandiko zari mu nzu zishyingurwamo inyandiko zinyuranye za Leta y’ u Rwanda cyangwa se iz’imiryango mpuzamahanga irimo Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda. Hanakozwe iperereza muri za dosiye z’imanza z’abantu bakurikiranyweho kuba baragize uruhare mu rupfu rw’abasirikare b’ababiligi bari muri MINUAR zaburanishijwe n’Urukiko rwa gisirikare rw’i Buruseli. Nyuma y’urupfu rw’abasirikare icumi b’ababiligi bari mu ngabo za Loni zari mu Rwanda, Ububiligi bwari bushishikajwe by’umwihariko no kumenya uburyo abasirikare babo bishwe, n’ababigizemo uruhare cyane cyane ko radiyo RTLM n’ingabo zahoze ari iz’u Rwanda batungaga agatoki abasirikare b’Ububiligi bavugako ko aribo bahanuye indege ya Perezida bafatanyije na FPR. Ni muri urwo rwego ababiligi batangiye gukora iperereza ryabo uhereye hagati muri Mata 1994. Abasirike b’ababiligi bari ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cy’i Kanombe ku mugoroba w’ihanurwa ry’indege, n’abasivili n’abasirikare b’ababiligi bakoraga mu rwego rw’ubutwererane bari mu Rwanda icyo gihe batanze ubuhamya n’inyandiko. Komite yasuzumye inyandiko z’ubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare bw’Ububiligi, izigereranya n’ibimenyetso yakuye mu iperereza yikoreye ubwayo mu Rwanda. Ibimenyetso byose byegeranijwe byerekanye ko indege itagize impanuka ahubwo ko yahanuwe, ari nayo mpamvu mur’iyi raporo ijambo ihanurwa ry’indege rikoreshwa mu mwanya w’ijambo, impanuka cyangwa se ihanuka ry’indege.

9

Uko ibintu byari byifashe mu rwego rwa Politiki mbere y’ihanurwa

ry’indege

Ihanurwa ry’indege yo mu bwoko bwa Falcon 50 ryakozwe mu gihe mu rwego rwa politiki hari umwuka mubi cyane, waturukaga ku bikorwa bibi byaje bikurikirana. Ahagana mu mpera y’imyaka ya za 1980, ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda bwari mu maboko y’abantu bamwe bari bibumbuye mu cyiswe « Akazu »1. Abari bagize Akazu bari abantu bafitanye isano na Perezida wa Repubulika ariko cyane cyane n’umugore we, kandi bakoraga amakosa akomeye yakunze gushyirwa ahagaragara n’abanyapolitiki cyangwa abanyamakuru, bituma guhera muri 1988 hatangira gukorwa ubwicanyi bwibasiraga abantu bamwe2. Ibintu byaje kudogera ubwo intambara hagati ya leta y’ u Rwanda n’ingabo z’Umuryango wa FPR yatangiraga kuwa 01 Ukwakira 1990. Ubwo nibwo ubutegetsi bwahinduye amatwara, butangira gukoresha igitugu bwanga ko ibintu bihinduka, ari nabwo bwatangiye kwigisha ingengabitekerezo ishingiye ku mo ko bugamije kuyobya abaturage no kubacengezamo amacakuri ashingiye ku moko3, ibyo byose biherekejwe n’itoteza ryategurwaga ku rwego rwo hejuru mu butegetsi bw’igihugu4. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ku nshuro ya mbere ry’iyo politiki ryagaragaye mu ijoro ryo kuwa 04 rishyira uwa 05 Ukwakira 1990, ubwo ingabo z’u Rwanda zahimbye amayeri yo kubeshya ko zatewe na FPR. Zarashe urufaya rw’amasasu ijoro ryose mu kirerere zijijisha zitwaje ko zihanganye n’umwanzi5 wacengeye mu murwa mukuru. Iyo kinamico yabaye urwitwazo rwo gufunga abasivili bakabakaba ibihumbi cumi, ahanini bagizwe n’abo mu bwoko bw’abatutsi cyane cyane abakomoka mu miryango ikize. Ibyo byakurikiwe na politiki y’uburiganya6, kubogama7, propagande nyinshi8 n’ubugizi bwa nabi bwakomeje kurangwa no kwica abatutsi9,

1 Raporo ya Komisiyo y’iperereza yakozwe n’imiryango CLADHO-KANYARWANDA yibanze ku ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu rikabije ryakorewe mu Rwanda kuva kuwa 06 Mata 1994, urup.13 ; François Misser, mu gitabo yise « Vers un nouveau Rwanda» ?, Paris, Karthala, 1995, impap.82-86 ; Colette Braeckman mu gitabo yise « Rwanda : Histoire d’un génocide », Paris, Fayard, 1994, impap.104-105 ; Monique Mas, mu gitabo yise : « Paris-Kigali 1990-1994. Lunettes coloniales, Politique du sabre et onction humanitaire. Pour un génocide en Afrique, Paris L’Harmattan, 1999, impap.326-330. 2 Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Afurika, Raporo kuri Jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda (Raporo y’Umuryango wa OUA), Gicurasi 2000, impap.40-44 ; G. Prunier, mu gitabo yise : « Rwanda 1959-1996 : Histoire d’un génocide, Paris, Dagorno, 1997, impap.111-114. 3 A. Munyaneza na Jean-Berchmas Birara, inyandiko bise « Rwanda : Appel pressant à l’opinion internationale », Bruxelles, 18 Kamena 1994, impap.4-5. 4 Raporo isoza ya Komisiyo y’Impuguke yashyizweho n’icyemezo 935 (1994) cy’Inama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ishinzwe amahoro ku isi, S1994/1405, kuwa 9 Ukuboza 1994, impap.24-25 ; Africa Watch, mu gitabo yise : « Rwanda. Talking peace and waging war human rights since the October 1990 invasion», Washington kuwa 27 Gashyantare 1992. 6 Ijambo rya Perezida wa Repubulika nyuma y’igitero cyo kuwa 01 Ukwakira 1990, Radio Rwanda, kuwa 05 Ukwakira 1990 7 Ijambo rya Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane, yabwiye abahagarariye ibihugu byabo n’Imiryango Mpuzamahanga mu Rwanda, Kigali, Kuwa 8 Ukwakira 1990 8 Ijambo Perezida wa Repubulika yavugiye imbere y’Inama y’Igihugu Iharanira Amajyambrere, Kigali, Kuwa 13 Ugushyingo 1990 9 Raporo y’iperereza ya Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga ku ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Rwanda, kuwa 22 Gashyantare 1993, impap.18-48 ; C. Vidal, mu gitabo yise « Les politiques de la haine », Les Temps modernes n° 583, Nyakanga – Kanama 1995 ; Jean-Claude Willame, mu gitabo yise : « Aux sources de l’hécatombe rwandaise, L’Harmattan 1995, impap. 99-106

10

ibikorwa by’iterabwoba, n’ubwicanyi bwibasiye abanyapolitiki b’abahutu, abanyamakuru n’abandi bantu bari babangamiye agatsiko kari ku butegetsi10. Ibinyamakuru byabibaga amacakubiri byari bishyigikiwe kandi byaterwaga inkunga y’amafaranga n’akazu, byaravutse, bigamije guharabika no kwangisha abandi, abaturage b’abatutsi n’abahutu badashyigikiye politiki y’amacakubiri11. Kubera igitutu yotswaga n’abanyabwenge b’abanyarwanda n’amahanga, Perezida Habyarimana yatangaje ko yemeye politiki ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi binashyirwa no mu itegeko nshinga rishya ryemejwe kuwa 21 Gashyantare 1991. Icyo gihe cyaranzwe n’ivuka ry’amashyaka menshi ya politiki, ay’ingenzi muri yo akaba : Ishyaka riharanira Demokarasi na Repubulika (MDR), ryazunguye MDR- PARMEHUTU, Ishyaka riharanira Imibereho myiza y’abaturage (PSD), Ishyaka riharanira Ukwishyira Ukizana kwa buri muntu PL, n’Ishyaka riharanira Demokrasi ya Gikirisitu (PDC). Amashyaka mato nayo yariyongereye, muriyo twavuga : Ishyaka rihanarira Kurengera Ibidukikije (PECO), Ishyaka riharanira Demokarasi ya Kisilamu(PDI), Ishyaka ry’Abakozi baharanira Demokarasi, (RTD), Ishyaka riharanira Impinduramatwara (PARERWA) n’ayandi. Aya mashyaka yarangwaga n’intego ebyeri z’ingenzi. Iya mbere yari ugusaba ko habaho demokarasi noneho ubutegetsi bwariho bugahinduka, iyindi yari iyo kugaragaza ko hari uturere twari twarahejwe mu miyoborere y’igihugu hananengwa ko imyanya myiza yose haba mu ngabo z’igihugu, iyo mu butegetsi bwite bwa leta, ndetse n’imyanya yose irebana n’ubukungu n’imari yari yarihariwe n’abantu bakomoka muri perefegitura za Gisenyi na Ruhengeri. Iyo politike ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi yashyizweho mu gihe cy’intambara, yagoranye gushyirwa mu bikorwa kubera kwinangira kw’ishyaka rya MRND ryari ryihariye ubutegetsi ari naryo ryonyine ritanga inyungu zijyanye nabwo, ritashakaga ko haba impinduka nyayo mu rwego rwa demokarasi12. Kuwa 13 Ukwakira 1991, Perezida Habyarimana yatumiye Minisitiri w’Ubutabera, Bwana Sylvestre Nsanzimana, wafatwaga nk’umuntu utari intagondwa nubwo yari umuyoboke wa MRND, amusaba gushyiraho guverinoma irimo abaminisitiri bo mu mashyaka ataravugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi. Abatavugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi babwiye leta ko bashobora kwemera kujya muri guverinoma ari uko habanje gukorwa impinduka ku bintu by’ingenzi byarebaga ubuzima bw’igihugu. Byaje kwangwa na Perezida wa Repubulika, ingaruka yabyo iba kutajya muri guverinoma kw’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, kandi yari guverinoma yagombaga kuba ihuriwemo n’amashyaka menshi. Kuwa 07 Ugushyingo 1991, amashyaka atatu akomeye atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi yandikiye Perezida wa Repubulika urwandiko rwagaragazaga inzitizi mu kuzana demokarasi mu gihugu anatunga agatoki MRND nk’Ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi anerekana ko ari ryo ribangimiye

10Amnesty International, Mu gitabo yise : « Rwanda : Persecution of Tutsi Minority and repression of Government

critics, 1990-1992 », Londres, Gicurasi 1992 ; Ishyirahamwe nyarwanda ryo kurengera uburenganzira bwa Muntu n’uburenganzira rusange (ADL), « Raporo igaragaza uko uburenganzira bwa muntu bwifashe mu Rwanda », Nzeri 1991 – Nzeri 1992 », Kigali, Ukuboza 1992. 11 Jean-Pierre Chrétien, Jean-François Dupaquier, Marcel Kabanda, Joseph Ngarambe, Rwanda : mu gitabo bise ; « Les médias du génocide, Paris, Karthala, nouvelle édition 2002. 12 HRW na FIDH, mu gitabo bise « Aucun témoin ne doit survivre, op.cit, impap.66-73

11

Demokarasi mu gihugu, asoza urwo rwandiko asaba ko hategurwa inama rukokokoma13. Nyuma y’ishyirwa ahagaragara ry’iyi nyandiko, ubutegetsi bwashubije burega ibirego bikomeye abatavuga rumwe nabwo, babarega kuvuga rumwe n’umwanzi udutera14, hanyuma busubukura ubwicanyi bwibasiye abatutsi n’abahutu bakomeye bari mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi15. Ubwo bwicanyi bwakorwaga n’agatsiko k’abantu bari bashinzwe kwica abantu kandi bari bafite aho bahuriye n’umuryango wa Perezida wa Repubulika kayobowe kandi gashyigikiwe n’intagondwa z’abahutu b’abakozi ba leta bo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu mirimo ya gisivili n’iya gisirikare16. Umwaka wa 1992 waranzwe no kwiyongera kw’ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi no gushimangira irondakoko nyaryo rikorwa na leta ryaranzwe no kwita abahutu rubanda nyamwinshi, abatutsi bakitwa rubanda nyamuke, ibyo bakabikora bagerageza gusobanura ko bagomba kuguma ku butegetsi kuko aribo benshi mu gihugu. Ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi bushingiye ku moko byakozwe mu turere twinshi tw’igihugu, mu Bugesera (Werurwe 1992), Kibuye (Kanama1992) n’ahandi. Igihe cyose ubutegetsi bwakoreshaga abaturage mu kwica abatutsi b’abasivili17. By’umwihariko, ubwicanyi bwo mu Bugesera bwabaye nyuma y’itangazo ryo kuwa 03 Werurwe 1992, ryaciye kuri radiyo Rwanda risubirwamo inshuro eshanu. Icyo gihe, Radiyo Rwanda niyo yonyine yashobora gusakaza amajwi mu gihugu cyose. Iryo tangazo ryavugaga ko hari itangazo ryanditswe n’Umuryango Urengera Uburenganzira bwa muntu ufite icyicaro i Nairobi muri kenya witwa « Commission interafricaine pour la non-violence »,(Komisiyo ihuriweho n’Abanyafurika Irwanya Ihohoterwa). Iryo tangazo ryashyize ahagaragara umugambi wo kwica abahutu bakomeye, cyane cyane abari mu mashyaka ya politiki. Nyuma byaje kugaragara ko ririya shyirahamwe ritigeze ribaho ko n’itangazo ryaciye kuri Radiyo Rwanda ryari irihimbano ryateguwe n’intagondwa zari ku butegetsi kugira ngo zibone imbarutso y’ubwicanyi bushingiye ku moko bwagombaga gukorerwa abaturage b’abatutsi18. Muri uwo mwaka, mu mashyaka ya MRND, MDR, PSD na PL havutsemo ibice by’intagondwa hanatangira kugaragara ikibazo cy’insoresore zitwaraga gisirikare kandi zari zishyigikiwe n’amashyaka, ubutegetsi n’ingabo z’igihugu. Ishyaka ry’intagondwa ryitwaga Impuzamugambi ziharanira Repubulika (CDR) ryarashinzwe rinagira uruhare runini mu gukomeza ikibazo cy’amoko ubwo ryareze abatutsi ko ari bo bateje igihugu ibibazo bya politiki, n’iby’imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Abayoboke baryo bishoye mu bikorwa byinshi by’urugomo birimo

13 Urwandiko Amashyakaya ya Politiki MDR, PL na PSD, rwandikiwe Perezida wa Repubulika, Kigali, Kuwa 07 Ugushyingo 1991. Rwasinywe na : Bagaragaza Thadée, Nsengiyaremye Dismas na Twagiramungu Faustin ku ruhande rwa MDR; Mugenzi Justin, Ntamabyaliro Agnès, Ndasingwa Landoald na Mbonampeka Stanislas ku ruhande rwa PL ; Nzamurambaho Frédéric, Ngango Félicien, Gafaranga Théoneste na Gatabazi Félicien ku ruhande rwa PSD. 14 Radio Rwanda, kuwa 01 Ukuboza 1991 15 G. Prunier, mu gitabo yise : « Rwanda 1959-1996…op. cit. impap.168-178 16 Christophe Mfizi, Ibarwa ifunguye igenewe Perezida wa MRND, Paris, Kuwa 15 Kanama 1992 ; C. Breackman, mu gitabo yise « Rwanda : Histoire d’un génocide, Paris, Fayard, 1994, impap.115-120 ; Monique Mas, Paris-Kigali 1990-1194…op.cit. urup.124 17 Raporo ya Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga y’iperereza, impap. 52-60 18 Rapport ya Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga y’iperereza impap.42-47 ; J.P.Chrétien n’abandi, igitabo bise « Rwanda. Les médias du génocide, op. cit.impap. 57-61 ; C. Braeckman, Rwanda : mu gitabo yise : « Histoire…op. cit.,

urup.118

12

imyigaragambyo no guha izo nsoresore zitwaraga gisirikare imbunda. Politiki yo guhimba umwazi w’imbere mu gihugu yashyizweho n’ingabo z’igihugu n’ubutegetsi bwite bwa leta. Bityo, tariki ya 21 Nzeri 1992, Koloneli Nsabimana yandikiye abayobozi b’Uturere twa Gisirikare bose urwandiko rw’ibanga rufata « abatutsi b’imbere mu gihugu n’abo hanze yacyo » nk’umwanzi w’ibanze », umwanzi wa kabiri akaba « abahutu batishimiye ubutegetsi buriho n’undi muntu wese utiza umwanzi w’ibanze umurindi ». Muri Werurwe 1992, MRND yari yapfuye kwemera gusangira ubutegetsi n’andi mashyaka ya politiki. Guverinoma ihuriweho n’impande zombi iyobowe na Dismas Nsengiyaremye ukomoka muri MDR yashyizweho inatangiza ku mugaragaro imishyikirano n’Umuryango wa FPR, babifashijwemo n’ibihugu, Imiryango Mpuzamahanga n’iyo mu rwego rw’akarere. Hirengagijwe umuryango wa FPR, hashyizweho Guverinoma ihuriweho n’impande ebyiri zihanganye. Urwari rushyigikiye Habyarimana n’urwa murwanyaga19. Uruhande rwari rushyigikiye Perezida Habyarimana rwakoraga nkaho rushyigikiye imishyikirano, ariko ruhitamo amayeri yo kurimanganya, gutera ubwoba abaturage hakoreshejwe ubwicanyi bushingiye ku bwoko20 no kungikanya amatangazo arwanya imishyikirano21. Mu Gushyingo 1992, nyuma y’isinywa ry’amasezerano yerekeye Igihugu kigendera ku mategeko n’igabana ry’ubutegetsi, Perezida Habyarimana yavuze ko ayo masezerano ari ibipapuro byasinywe abaturage batabizi, anashimira interahamwe ibikorwa byo kayaburizamo. Minisitiri w’intebe, Dismas Nsengiyaremye yahise asubiza yereka Perezida wa Repubulika ingaruka ijambo rye ryashoboraga guteza mu rwego rw’umutekano w’igihugu n’inzira y’amahoro22. Nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe, uwari uhagarariye MRND ku Gisenyi, aho perezida avuka, Léon Mugesera yavuze ijambo ribi rigaragaramo ivangura moko, ashishikariza abahutu kwica abatutsi bakabajugunya mu migezi yo mu gihugu ikabatembana ibajyana muri Etiyopia. Yabivuze muri aya magambo :

« Banyarwanda, Banyarwandakazi, muzi neza kuba maso icyo bivuga. Mu gihugu cyacu

hari inyenzi. Zohereje abana bazo ku rugamba gufasha inkotanyi (…) Ni kuki tudafata

abo babyeyi tukabatsemba? Ni kuki tudatsemba abo bantu bose bohereza abana babo ku

rugamba ? Ni mumbwire, mutegereje ko baza bakabica murebera ? (…) Ese mwibuka ko

mu itegeko nshinga ryacu handitsemo ko ubutabera bukorwa mu izina ry’abaturage ? Izo

ngegera tutaziyicira (…).umuntu wese mubonye muri selire mutamuzi mugomba

gukurikirana mukamumenya, mwasanga ar’icyitso cy’inyenzi mukamutsinda aho nta

rubanza. Mperutse kubwira umuyoboke wa P.L ko ikosa twakoze muri 1959, nuko nari

nkir’umwana, ni uko twabaretse bagahunga igihugu ari bazima. Namubajije kandi niba

atarunvise inkuru y’abafalasha baheruka kujya muri Israeli bavuye muri Etiyopiya.

19 Itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru ry’amashyaka MDR, PSD na PL rirebana n’imishyikirano y’amahoro ibera Arusha, Kigali, kuwa 17 Ukuboza 1992, urup.2 20 Amashyirahamwe Nyarwanda arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu A.D.L., A.R.D.HO., A.V.P., LICHREDOR na Kanyarwanda, « muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye », Kigali, Kuwa 26 Kanama 1992. 21 Itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru rya biro politike ya MRND, Kigali, kuwa 28 Ukwakira1992 no kuwa 5 Ugushyingo 1992 ; itsinda ry’abaminisitiri bakomoka muri MRND, urwandiko bandikiye Nyakubahwa Minisitiri w’Intebe, Kigali, Kuwa 15 Ukwakira 1992 no kuwa 10 Ugushyingo 1992 ; Mehdi Ba, igitabo yise « Rwanda, un génocide français, Paris, L’Esprit frappeur, 1997, impap.10-18 22Ibarwa n°718/02.00 ya Minisitiri w’intebe, Dr Dismas Nsengiyaremye, yandikiye Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika, Kigali, kuwa 17 Ugushyingo 1992

13

Yansubije ko atabyunvise, ndamubwira nti : « ugomba kuba ur’ igipfamatwi cyangwa

injiji, njyewe nkumenyesheje ko igihugu cyanyu ari Etiyopia, kandi ko mu minsi

itarambiranye tugiye kubasubiza iwanyu tubacishije muri Nyabarongo nk’inzira

y’ubusamo. Ngibyo. Mbasubiriyemo ko tugomba guhaguruka tugakora 23 ».

Kuva mu Kuboza 1992 kugeza muri Werurwe 1993, ubwicanyi bukabije bwibasiye abatutsi bwakozwe mu turere twinshi tw’igihugu, cyane cyane ku Kibuye, ku Gisenyi, mu Ruhengeri no muri Kigali ngali24. Kuwa 08 Mutarama 1993, ubwo yari Arusha, Koloneli Bagosora, wari umuyobozi w’ibiro bya Minisitiri w’Ingabo, yavuye mu mishyikirano y’amahoro avuga amagambo akurikira ku batutsi no kuri FPR : « Ndatashye, ngiye kubategurira imperuka 25». (Apocalypse) Nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri hakimara gusinywa amasezerano ya gatatu yerekeye kuvanga ingabo z ’impande zombi, agatsiko kagizwe n’intagondwa z’abofisiye mu ngabo z’igihugu kashyizweho mu ibanga rikomeye ku itariki ya 20 Mutarama 1993, ishyirahamwe ryiswe AMASASU

26. Intego y’iryo shyirahamwe yari iyo gukomeza intambara n’umutwe wa

FPR, guheza abatutsi no gutegura ubwicanyi bushingiye ku moko27. Iryo shyirahamwe ryihaye kandi inshingano yo « gushaka no kwica biramutse bibaye ngombwa abanyapolitike b’indyarya bakora ibishoboka byose bitwaje intambara kugira ngo bagume mu myanya barimo cyangwa

bakoresha andi mayeri kugira ngo bashobore kubona imyanya mu butegetsi.28».Uwo munsi, ako

gatsiko kashyize ahagagara urutonde rw’abantu bagombaga kwicwa hakurikijwe ibibaranga bihuye neza n’inyito « y’umwanzi » nkuko Koloneli Nsabimana Deogratias yari yabisobanuye, mu nyandiko yo muri Nzeri 199229. Ishyirahamwe AMASASU ryari umutwe wa gisirikare wa Hutu power

30 kandi war’uyobowe na Bagosora Theoneste, waruzwi ku izina rya « Commandant Mike Tango » yiyita umujyanama w’ikirenga w’ AMASASU

31 ». N’ubwo bwose hari ibyo bibazo, imishyikirano yarakomeje kuburyo bugoranye. Kuwa 30 Nyakanga 1993, Inteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda yitwaga Inama y’Igihugu Iharanira Amajyambere (CND) yaratinze itora itegeko n°18/93 rihindura zimwe mu ngingo z’Itegeko

23J.P. Chrétien n’abandi, mu gitabo yise : « Rwanda : les médias du génocide, op.cit., impap.55-56 ; Raporo isoza ya Komisiyo y’Impuguke, op.cit., urup.24 ; HRW na FIDH, mu gitabo bise « Aucun témoin…op.cit., urup.103-106. 24 Nzabakiriraho Cyprien na Banyurwabuke André, Raporo y’ubutumwa ku nvururu zabaye muri za Komini zimwe zo muri Perefegitura za Gisenyi na Kibuye zabaye mu mpera z’Ukuboza 1992 no muri Mutarama 1993; Itangazo ry’amashyirahamwe nyarwanda yita ku burenganzira bwa muntu ryerekeye ibyaha byakozwe mu gihugu: A.D.L., A.R.D.HO, A.V.P., KANYARWANDA na LICHREDOR, Kigali, kuwa 26 Mutarama 1993. 25 Mehdi Ba, mu gitabo yise : « Rwanda : un génocide…, op.cit., urup.12. Amakuru yemejwe n’iperereza ryakozwe na Komite (Reba ubuhamya bwa Kaporari Nambajimana Jean-Marie Vianney wabarijwe i Kigali Kuwa 13 Kanama 2008) 26Alliance des Militaires Agacés par les Séculaires Actes Sournois des Unaristes. AMASASU signifie les balles en Kinyarwanda, mais ici l’appellation Unaristes renvoie au parti UNAR chassé du pouvoir en 1959. 27 Urwandiko rw’amashyirahamwe nyarwanda arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu, A.D.L., KANYARWANDA, A.R.D.HO, A.V.P. na LICHREDOR, rwandikiwe Bwana Minisitiri w’ingabo, Kigali, Kuwa 23 Gashyantare 1993 ; Ibarwa abaturage ba Komini Mbogo, Perefegitura ya Kigali, yandikiwe Nyakubahwa Bwana Minisitiri w’intebe, Kigali, kuwa 2 Werurwe 1993. Impamvu : Gutabariza Abanyambogo bari mu kaga. 28 Ibarwa yanditswe n’ishyirahamwe AMASASU yandikiwe Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika y’ u Rwanda, Kigali, kuwa 20 Mutarama 1993. Impamvu : Ivuka n’impamvu y’ishyirahamwe AMASASU. 29Abakurikiranira hafi ibintu bemeza ko ako gatsiko kari kayobowe na Koloneli Bagosora, warwanyaga ivangwa ry’ingabo z’impande zombi ryateganywaga n’amasezerano y’Arusha : reba igitabo cyanditswe na François Misser, yise : « Vers un nouveau Rwanda ? Bruxelles-Paris, Luc Pire et Karthala, 1995, urup.86 30 Raporo ya Komisiyo y’iperereza ya CLADHO-KANYARWANDA….op.cit., urup.23 31 AMASASU, Urwandiko rwandikiwe Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika op. cit.

14

Nshinga ryo kuwa 10 Kamena 1991. Iryo tegeko ryahinduraga zimwe mu ngingo z’ itegeko nshinga ryavugaga ko ingingo ya 101 y’itegeko nshinga ryo kuwa 10 Kamena 1991 ikuweho kandi ko isimbujwe ingingo igira iti : Iri Tegeko Nshinga n’Amasezerano y’amahoro azasinywa hagati ya Leta y’u Rwanda n’umutwe wa FPR byombi bigize, ku buryo budasubirwaho itegeko

shingiro igihugu kizagenderaho mu gihe cy’inzibacyuho. Mu gihe hari ingingo z’itegeko nshinga

zinyuranye n’iz’amasezerano y’amahoro, amasezerano y’amahoro niyo azagira agaciro ». Iri tegeko ritangira kubahirizwa umunsi rishyiriweho umukono na Perezida wa Repubulika, kuwa 03 Kanama 1993. Kubera igitutu yotswaga n’amahanga, kuwa 04 Kanama 1993, Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda yashyize umukono ku masezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha akubiyemo urutonde rw’amasezerano arebana no kugira igihugu kigendera ku mategeko32, igabana ry’ubutegetsi33, Gucyura impunzi no gusubiza mu byabo ababikuwemo n’intambara34, Kuvanga Ingabo, Ibibazo binyuranye n’ingingo zisoza.35 Ayo masezerano yatangaga ibisubizo ku bibazo byose birebana n’igabana ry’Ubutegetsi hagati y’ishyaka rukumbi ryari ryarihariye ubutegetsi n’amashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi ndetse n’Umuryango wa FPR. Yagabanyije ku buryo bugaragara ububasha bwa Perezida wa Repubulika, bumwe mu bubasha yahoranye buhabwa za minisiteri zikomeye zagenewe amashyaka. Byari biteganyijwe ko ishyaka rya Perezida wa Repubulika rihabwa minisiteri eshanu gusa kuri makumyabiri n’imwe zigize guverinoma, izindi za minisiteri zigahabwa andi mashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi. Nkuko yari kugira imyanya mike itayiha ubwiganze muri guverinoma ni nako byari kugenda mu nteko ishinga amategeko aho yari yagenewe imyanya 11 kuri 70. Amasezerano y’Amahoro yateganyaga kandi ishyirwaho ry’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Inzibacyuho, yagombaga kugenzura imikorere ya Guverinoma y’Inzibacyuho yaguye irimo n’intumwa za FPR binyuranyije nuko byari bisanzwe aho imikorere ya Guverinoma yagenzurwaga na Perezida wa Repubulika gusa. Ayo masezerano kandi yateganyaga itahuka ry’impuzi zari zimaze imyaka myinshi hanze n’ivangwa ry’ingabo z’impande zombi. Kuri iyi ngingo, amasezerano yateganyagako umubare w’ingabo z’igihugu wagombaga kuba 19000 ugizwe n’abasirikare 13000 n’abajandarume 6000. Leta yari yagenewe 60%, FPR igenerwa 40%, hanyuma impande zombi zikagabana kuburyo bungana imyanya y’Ubuyobozi mu ngabo no muri Jandarumori. Agatsiko k’intagondwa ko mu ngabo z’igihugu kasanze katakaje ubutegetsi hanyuma gahitamo kwanga ibyavuye mu mishyikirano kivuye inyuma gatinya ko hazabaho gusererwa mu ngabo no gusubizwa mu buzima busanzwe byarikubaviramo kubura akazi no gutakaza inyungu zijyanye nako. Icyo gihe ingabo z’u Rwanda zari 35.000 bivuga ko abarenga ku mubare uteganyijwe uzaba ugize ingabo nshya z’igihugu bagombaga kuva ku kazi bagasubizwa mu buzima bwa gisivili, bisobanura kubura inyungu bakuraga mu kazi. Muribo harimo abasirikare bakuru bo mu gihe cya Perezida Habyarimana barebwaga n’icyo kibazo by’umwihariko kubera imyaka yabo36.

32 Amasezerano yasinywe kuwa 18 Kanama 1992 33Ayasinywe Kuwa 30 Ukwakira 1992 no kuwa 9 Mutarama 1993 34 Kuwa 9 Kamena 1993 35 Kuwa 3 Kanama 1993 36 C. Braeckman, mu gitabo yise : « Rwanda : Histoire…, op.cit.,impap.134-137

15

Intagondwa zari zibumbiye mu cyitwa « Hutu power» zumvaga zaragambaniwe n’uruhande rwa guverinoma rwemeye gusinya amasezerano y’amahoro, zikanarurega kuba rwaremereye FPR ibirenze ibyo rwagombaga kwemera, bituma bashoza urundi rugamba rw’ibitekerezo bishingiye ku ivangura ry’amoko, uburakari bwabo babutura abatutsi n’abahutu bashyigikiye amasezerano y’amahoro. Hutu power yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibuze perezida wa repubulika gushyiraho inzego zari ziteganyijwe mu masezerano y’amahoro37. Gahunda yabaye iyo kwamagana ikintu cyose cyatuma habaho kubangikana no kugabana ubutegetsi na FPR38. Imyitozo y’imitwe yitwara gisirikare yariyongereye, hanashyirwaho gahunda yo guha bamwe mu baturage bashyigikiye ubutegetsi bwariho, imbunda muri gahunda bise auto défense civile (Umutwe wa Gisivili w’Ubwirinzi)39. Ubutegetsi bwashoboye gucengera amashyaka ya politike atavuga rumwe nabwo buyacamo ibice bukoresheje kugura bamwe mu bari bayagize40. Bamwe mu bayobozi b’amashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bahisemo kujya mu gice cya power, amashyaka manini atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi acikamo ibice bibiri harimo icy’abashyira mu gaciro ku ruhande rumwe n’intagondwa ku rundi ruhande. Intagondwa zagaragaje ko zidashaka FPR41 bituma zitegura ibikorwa by’urugomo mu gihugu hose, ubwicanyi bushingiye ku bwoko, ibitero bikomeye byibasiraga abantu benshi, bitewe n’ahantu n’igihe kandi ababikoze ntibabiryozwe mu nkiko42. Mu rwego rwo kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Amasezerano y’Amahoro, inama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ishinzwe Umutekano Ku isi, yashyizeho umutwe ugizwe n’Ingabo Mpuzamahanga 2548 mu cyemezo cyayo cya 872 cyo kuwa 05 Ukwakira 1993. Uwo mutwe wiswe MINUAR (ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Zishinzwe Kubungabunga Amahoro mu Rwanda) watangiye gushyira ibirindiro byawo mu Rwanda kuwa 22 Ukwakira 1993, ubwo jenerali Dallaire washinzwe kuziyobora yageze mu Rwanda. Nkuko byateganywaga n’Amasezerano y’Amahoro y’Arusha, FPR yagombaga kohereza i Kigali batayo igizwe n’abasirikare 600 bo kubungabunga umutekano w’Intumwa za FPR zagombaga kujya muri Guverinoma y’Inzibacyuho yari iteganyijwe gushyirwaho kuri 28 Ukuboza 1993 i Kigali, bigashyirwa mu bikorwa bigenzurwa na MINUAR. Uko kuza muri Kigali kw’Abasirikare ba FPR kwakiriwe neza n’abaturage batari bake43. Ku rundi ruhande byarushijeho gusembura umujinja n’urwango bishingiye ku bwoko no kuri politiki. Ibyo byatumye umutekano uba muke, uruhande rwa Perezida n’abandi bamushyigikiye batangira gushyiraho inzitizi mu nzira ya politike yari yateganyijwe n’Amasezerano y’Amahoro y’ Arusha, banatangira gutegura

37 Itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru ry’amashyaka ya politiki MDR, PSD na PL rirebana n’imishyikirano y’ Arusha, Kigali, kuwa 17 ukuboza 1992 ; HRW na FIDH, mu gitabo bise : « Aucun témoin…,impap.164-166 ; G. Prunier, igitabo yise : « Rwanda 1959-1996…op. cit. impap.203-211 ; C. Breackman, igitabo yise : « Rwanda : Histoire…op.cit., impap.134-137 38 Raporo ya Komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’iperereza yo muri 1993, op. cit, impap .78-84 39 Raporo ya Komisiyo yigenga y’iperereza ku Bikorwa by’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu gihe cya Jenoside yo muri 1994 mu Rwanda, kuwa 15 Ukuboza 1999 (Raporo ya Loni), S/1999/1257, urup.6 40 Raporo ya Komisiyo y’Iperereza ya CLADHO-KANYARWANDA…op.cit, urup.20 41 HRW na FIDH, mu gitabo bise : « Aucun témoin…, op. cit.,impap, 135-140 42 Raporo yatanzwe na Bacre Wally Ndiaye, intumwa idasanzwe yashinzwe gukora iperereza ku bwicanyi bwakorewe mu Rwanda budategetswe n’inkiko, nyuma y’ubutumwa yakoreye mu Rwanda kuva ku itariki ya 8 kugeza kuya 17 Mata 1993. Inyandiko ya Loni E/CN-4/1994/7/Add.1, yo kuwa 11 Kanama 1995 43 Robert Kalinda, « Inkotanyi zasesekaye mu mugi wa Kigali mu byishimo byinshi n’urugwiro », Kanyarwanda, Mutarama 1994.

16

bashyizeho umwete, Jenoside y’abatutsi n’ubwicanyi bwibasiye abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi44. Kuwa 11 Mutarama 1994, ibimenyetso by’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya jenoside byashyizwe ahagaragara na MINUAR mu butumwa jenerali Dallaire yandikiye ubuyobozi bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye abumenyesha ko hari umugambi wacuzwe wo kwica abasirikare b’ababiligi bari muri MINUAR kugira ngo batayo yabo yikure mur’izo ngabo isubire iwabo »45. Kuwa 20 Gashyantare 1994, umugaba w’ingabo z’u Rwanda, [Jenerali] Nsabimana, yeretse umuvandimwe we Jean Berchmans Birara, urutonde rw’abantu 1500 bagombaga kwicwa46, nk’ikimenyetso kigaragaza uko ubutagondwa bwa hutu power n’uburyo bari bariyemeje kunaniza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’amahoro hakoreshejwe uburyo bwose, harimo no gukora Jenoside47. Mu gatabo kagenewe kwandikwamo gahunda ka Koloneli Bagosora, kuri gahunda yo kuwa 21 Gashyantare 1994, Bagosora yanditsemo ko gutangira kubarura no kumenya aho abasezerewe mu ngabo bagombaga kuzisubizwamo babarizwa byihutirwaga48. Muri iyo minsi, MINUAR yagaragaje muri raporo yayo yagejeje ku muryango w’abibumbye, umugambi wateguwe n’abantu biswe agatsiko k’abicanyi (escadron de la mort) ugamije kwica abatutsi, abanyapolitike n’abakozi bo murwego rwo hejuru bakomoka mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi49. Kuwa 04 Mata 1994, mu birori byo kwizihiza umunsi mukuru w’igihugu cya Senegali, Koloneli Bagosora yabwiye abaraho barimo jenerali Romeo Dallaire ko umuti w’ikibazo cy’u Rwanda ushoboka ari umwe kandi ko ari ugutsemba abatutsi »50. Umutangabuhamya Mugenzi Richard, washyizeho akanayobora serivisi yo kunviriza radiyo abikorera ingabo z’u Rwanda mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Butotori ku Gisenyi kuva mu Ugushyingo 1990 kugeza muri Nyakanga 1994 kandi wavuganaga na bagosora inshuro nyinshi yemeza ko mu nama bwihiushwa yakorewe i Butotori yiyunviye Bagosora agira ati :« Abatutsi bafite umugambi wo gutsemba Abahutu ; tugomba kuwuburizamo, kandi kugira ngo tubigereho, tugomba gutsemba inyenzi

51».

Perezida Habyarimana yakomeje kotswa igitutu n’amahanga amusaba gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’amahoro yasinywe. Umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye we yageze no ku rwego avugako nibatagira icyo bakora ngo bakure ho imbogamizi zibuza ko ayo masezerano kubahiririzwa azakura ingabo z’umuryango w’abibumbye mu Rwanda52. Muri mata 1994, ikibazo cyarushijeho gukomera bitera ibihugu bituranye n’ u Rwanda kugira uruhare mu kibazo bitegura inama y’i Dar-es-Salaam yari igamije gushaka igisubizo ku kibazo cy’u Rwanda

44 HRW na FIDH, igitabo bise : « Aucun témoin..., pp.117-139 ; C. Breackman, igitabo yise : « Rwanda : Histoire…op. cit.,impap.113-120 45 Raporo ya Loni,impap.10-13 46 Ubuhamya yahaye Marie-France Cross wa La Libre Belgique, nomero yasohotse kuwa 24 Gicurasi 1994 47 Roméo Dallaire, Igitabo yise : « J’ai serré la main du diable. La faillite de l’humanité au Rwanda, Libre Expression, Montreal, 2004, impap.225-260 48 HRW naFIDH, mu gitabo bise : « Aucun témoin…op. Cit. urup.132 49 Raporo ya Lon, urup.19 50 Sénat y’Ububiligi, Raporo ya Komisiyo y’iperereza y’inteko ishinga amategeko ku byabaye mu Rwanda, Buruseli, 1997 ( Raporo ya sena y’Ububiligi), urup.79. 51Ibazwa rya Richard Mugenzi n’abagenzacyaha b’Urukiko mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda ku matariki ya 15 na 19 Gicurasi 1998, no ku matariki ya 15-20 Kamena1998. Inyandiko ya TPIR ihera kuri n° K0149480 ikageza kuri K0149503 52 Raporo ya Loni, impap.13-16

17

no kwiga ku bibazo bikomeye byari byugarije u Burundi. Perezida Habyarimana yarayitabiriye aniyemeza gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’amahoro naho intagondwa zirimo abo mu muryango w’umugore we zari zakomeye mu butegetsi bwe zari ziyemeje kuyaburizamo zikoresheje uburyo bwose bushoboka. Agarutse i Kigali, nibwo indege ye yarashwe ibisasu bibiri byo mu bwoko bwa misile ihita iturikira mu kirere, hanyuma igwa iiwe mu rugo. Igitangaje, mbere yuko inkuru y’ihanurwa ry’indege isakara, Koloneli Bagosora nubwo yari yarafashe ikiruhuko cy’iza bukuru mu ngabo, yahise afata ubuyobozi bwa gisivili n’ubwa gisirikare. Yahise ahamagaza inama yihutirwa mu ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare. Iyo nama yitabiriwe n’abasirikare bakuru b’intagondwa; hari na Jenerali Dallaire na Koloneli Luc Marchal, wari komanda wa MINUAR mu karere ka Kigali. Nubwo inama yarimeze nk’iyobowe na Jenerali Ndindiliyimana Augustin wari umugaba mukuru wa Jandarumori y’igihugu, mu by’ukuri uwari ku isonga yari Koloneli Bagosora53. Nkuko bisobanurwa na Dallaire, Bagosora yatangarije iyo nama ko ba ofisiye bitabiriye iyo nama bari bafite umugambi wo gufata ubutegetsi :

« Bagosora yatwifurije ikaze, adusobanurira ko kubera ko Minisitiri w’ingabo ari hanze

y’igihugu aho yagiye kwitabira inama ya komite olempike, inteko y’abasirikare bakuru

n’abajandarume bakuru bari mur’iyi nama niyo ikuriye ingabo na jandarumori

y’igihugu. Ingabo zagombaga gufata ubuyobozi bw’igihugu kubera impamvu

z’umutekano muke wari watewe n’ihanurwa ry’indege ya perezida 54».

Jenerali Dallaire yaburiye abari muri iyo nama ko ingabo niziramuka zifashe ubutegetsi umuryango w’abibumbye uribuhite ukura ingabo zawo mu Rwanda. Bagosora yagishije inama Jacques Roger Booh-Booh, intumwa yihariye y’umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye, wamugiriye inama yo gushyiraho guverinoma igizwe n’abasivili abivuganyeho na minisitiri w’intebe, Agathe Uwilingiyimana ariko Bagosora arabyanga rwose55. Mu mugoroba wo kuwa 06 Mata 1994, Bagosora yanze kuburyo budasubirwaho ko minisitiri w’intebe ageza ijambo ku banyarwanda akoresheje radiyo Rwanda yitwaje ko ari nta cyizere yar’afitiwe kandi ko guverinoma ye itavugaga rumwe ku buryo ibibazo byakemurwa56. Mu by’ukuri, igihe ibyo byose byakorwaga agatsiko k’abasirikare bakuru b’intagondwa bayobowe na Koloneli Bagosora, barimo bategura gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu. Minisitiri w’intebe yahizwe bukware, aricwa, hakurikiraho kwicwa kw’abanyapolitike mu buryo busa n’ubwa teguwe, bashoboraga gufata ubutegetsi ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko barimo Joseph Kavaruganda wari perezida w’urukiko rushinzwe kurinda itegeko nshiga akaba ari nawe amategeko yahaga ububasha bwo kurahiza Perezida wa Repubulika wari kujyaho57. Hahise hashyirwaho komite igizwe n’abasirikare bakuru b’intagondwa. Iyo komite yashyizeho Guverinoma igizwe n’abaminisitiri b’intagondwa z’abahutu58, abahutu batari intagondwa na FPR bayihezwamo, bivuga ko bari bishe amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha yerekeye igabana ry’ubutegetsi. Dallaire abivuga muri aya magambo:

53 HRW na FIDH, igitabo bise : « Aucun témoin…op. cit. urup.219 54 R. Dallaire, Igitabo yise : « J’ai serré la main…op. cit., p.292 ; Raporo ya Carlsson, urup.16 55 HRW, FIDH, igitabo bise : ««Aucun témoin…op. cit., p.220 ; ibyo Koloneli Bagosora yavuze ubwo yabazwaga n’umucamanza Bruguière, Arusha muri 2000. 56 Monique Mas, Paris-Kigali, …op. cit.,urup. 371 57 Raporo isoza ya komisiyo y’impuguke …, op. cit,urup. 26 58 HRW na FIDH, igitabo bise : « Aucun témoin…op. cit. impap.219-220 et 223-226

18

« Nongeye gutungura Bagosora ubwo nageraga kuri Minisiteri ngasanga ayoboye inama

y’abanyapolitike bo mu mashyaka atandukanye. Muri bo nabonyemo abanyapolitiki

b’intagondwa. Yarahagurutse aransuhuza, ahita ambwira ko ayoboye inama

y’abanyapolitiki bakomoka mu mashyaka atandukanye kugira ngo yihutishe ishyirwaho

ry’ubutegetsi bwa gisivili bugomba gusimbura abasirikare. Byagaragaragako yarafite

ipfunwe n’ikimwaro (…) ntiyanshakaga mur’iyo nama. Mbere yuko anyirukana

akananfungiraho urugi, yambwiyeko guverinoma nshya izarahira bukeye ku itariki ya 09

Mata59.

Guverinoma y’abatabazi yashyizweho n’aba ofisiye bakuru b’intagondwa yahise ikora jenoside y’Abatutsi yari yarateguwe neza kandi kuva kera, nkuko abanditsi n’abashakashatsi benshi babihamije,icyari gisigaye kwari ukuyishyira mu bikorwa60. Urwitwazo rw’imbarutso ya jenoside rwabaye ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida, umugambi wari warateguwe wiyongeraga ku bindi bikorwa byateguwe harimo gukora urutonde rw’abantu bagombaga kwicwa,gushyiraho, gutoza no guha intwaro insoresore zitwaraga gisirikare, gushyiraho politike igamije iterabwoba ku rwego rw’igihugu, gukwirakwiza poropagande ishingiye ku moko n’ibindi bikorwa byateguraga jenoside bitaribihagije byonyine kugira ngo jenoside ishobore gushyirwa mu bikorwa n’intagondwa zashoboye gufata ubutegetsi bwa gisivili n’ubwa gisirikare ku ngufu. Gukora jenoside n’ubundi bwicanyi byorohejwe nuko kuva FPR yatangira intambara ku 01 Ukwakira 1990, abaturage bari barateguwe ko bagombaga kwitegura kurwana intambara yashojwe n’umwanzi wabo bose wateye aturutse hanze kandi w’umunyamahanga ariwe FPR. Abahutu n’abatutsi bagaragaje ko bari barambiwe gutandukira k’ubutegetsi bwariho61. Nyuma yo kunyura mu mateka muri make, iyi raporo y’iperereza igizwe n’ibice bibiri: kugaraza impamvu n’uburyo indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yo mu bwoko bwa Falcon 50 yahanuwe, hanyuma hakagaragazwa ababigizemo uruhare.

IGICE CYA MBERE : UBURYO GUHANURA INDEGE

BYATEGUWE N’UKO BYASHYIZWE MU BIKORWA Amakuru ahari agaragaza ko hari gahunda yo kwica Perezida wa Repubulika yateguwe n’intagondwa zitanatinyaga kubivuga ku mugaragaro, icyo zitashyize ahagaragara n’uburyo buzakoreshwa mu kuyishyira mu bikorwa. Urugendo rwa perezida rwo kwitabira inama y’ i Dar-es-Salaam, rwabaye umwanya wari warategerejwe wo gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi mubisha no kwegeranya abantu n’ibintu bikenewe mu kuwurangiza.

59 R. Dallaire,mu gitabo yise : « J’ai serré la main…, op. cit.,urup.344 60 Hari ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwakozwe kur’iki kibazo. Muribwo twavuga raporo ya Carlsson (Umuryango w’Abibumbye) na OUA,… ; C. Braeckman, mu gitabo yise :« Rwanda. Histoire d’un génocide, op. cit. ; HRW na FIDH, mu gitabo bise : « Aucun témoin ne doit survivre…op. cit. ; G. Prunier, mu gitabo yise « Rwanda 1959-1996, op. cit.,etc. 61 Jean-Claude Willame, igitabo yise « Aux sources…op. cit.,urup.106

19

Ishyirwa ahagaragara ry’umugambi wo kwica Perezida

Habyarimana, mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege ye Ibimenyetso bya mbere by’umugambi wo guhitana Habyarimana byatangiye kugaragara kuva muri 1992 akimara guha Minisitiri w’Ingabo, James Gasana amabwiriza yo gushyira mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru, bamwe mu bari bakomeye mu ngabo no muri jandarumori y’igihugu barimo abagaba bakuru bombi, uw’ingabo, n’uwa jandarumori Laurent Serubuga na Pierre Celestin Rwagafilita ndetse na ba koloneli Bonaventure Buregeya, wari umukuru w’umutekano w’igihugu akaba n’umuvandimwe w’umugore wa Perezida62. Iki cyemezo cyatumye abasirikare bakuru byarebaga bibumbira mu ishyirahamwe ryabanjirije iry’AMASASU ryiswe ABARUHARANIYE63 riyobowe na Koloneli Serubuga ; iryo shyirahamwe ryarwanyije ivangwa ry’ingabo z’impande zombi n’igikorwa cyari giteganyijwe cyo gusezerera bamwe mu ngabo z’u Rwanda64. Minisitiri w’Ingabo, James Gasana, yahungiye mu mahanga amaze kumenya ko bashaka kumwica65.

Inkuru yatanzwe n’abayobozi ba Hutu power

Kuva mu ntangiriro za 1994, amagambo yavuzwe mu ruhame, yandikwa mu binyamakuru by’indagondwa z’impuzamugambi ziharanira repubulika (CDR) zirimo Hassan Ngeze, wari umwanditsi mukuru w’ikinyamakuru Kangura byahanuraga ko Perezida Habyarimana azapfa mu kwezi kwa gatatu 1994 bivuga ko uzamwica azaba ari umuhutu ukorera Abatutsi. Muri nomero yacyo idasanzwe 53 yasohotse mu Kuboza 1993, Ikinyamakuru Kangura cyari gifite interuro y’ingenzi ku rupapuro rwacyo rwa mbere igira iti: « Habyarimana azapfa muri werurwe 1994 » iyo nkuru kandi yavugaga ko azicirwa mu birori bifitanye isano n’idini cyangwa se mu nama mpuzamahanga ikomeye: cyagiraga kiti :

« Mu mezi atatu ashize, twanditse dushyira ahagaragara imigambi mibisha yacurwaga

kandi yihishe mu mitwe y’abantu bamwe, imwe muri iyo migambi iranditse, ibindi

byarateguwe ariko ababiteguye ntibabonye uburyo babikora. Mu kwezi gushize twabonye

ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bigaragaza uburyo Perezida Habyarimana azicwa.

Ntabwo azicwa n’umututsi ahubwo azicwa n’umuhutu waguzwe n’abatutsi. Twagerageje

kugenzura ibikubiye muri ayo makuru twitonze, turayasesengura dusanga uwo mugambi

umaze igihe kirekire uteguwe ariko ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryawo ritazoroha kuko

abawuteguye batinya ingaruka zawo(…) perezida Habyarimana azicwa mu buryo bukurikira :

1. Kurasirwa mu misa ;

62 C. Braeckman, igitabo yise « Rwanda : Histoire…op. cit.,impap.169-170 ; G. Prunier, igitabo yise « Rwanda…op. cit.,urup.267 63 Bisobanura abarwaniye igihugu ” 64 Document MINUAR, A l’attention du Commandant KIBAT, Info S3, Kigali, le 16 février 1994 ; J. Morel et G. Kapler, « La note du 27 juillet 1992 sur l’état d’esprit des militaires et de la population civile », in La Nuit Rwandaise, op. cit., p.105 65 Témoignage du Capitaine Bwanakweri Isidore, ancien secrétaire au ministère rwandais de la défense de 1992 à 1994, recueilli par le Comité à Rilima, le 12 juin 2008

20

2. Kurasirwa mu nama ikomeye azaba yahuriyemo n’abayobozi bagenzi be.

Perezida Habyarimana azaraswa n’umusirikare uzaba yarasezerewe mu ngabo

hashingiwe ku masezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha. Uwo muntu azaba ari umuhutu

waguzwe n’inyenzi. Impamvu izashyirwa ahagaragara mu gusobonura impamvu y’ayo

mahano izaba ifitanye isano no kwidoga kw’abasirikare babonagako imbaraga

bakoresheje mu ntambara barengera igihugu zitahawe agaciro. Ubwo bwicanyi Ntabwo

buzamaganwa bikomeye kuko inyenzi zacengeye inzego zacu z’iperereza zirimo na

jandarumori.

Ingabo zacu nazo ntizizarakazwa n’icyo gikorwa. Bamwe muri bo bazavuga ko Perezida

Habyarimana ariwe wizize kubera gushaka kubahiriza iby’inyenzi zishaka

n’amasezerano yo kuziha ibyo zidakwiye. Aya makuru tuyakesha inzego zizewe(…) nta

muntu n’umwe ukunda Habyarimana kurusha uko yikunda, icyo twe tugamije

n’ukumuburira ko azapfa».

Izo nyandiko mpuruza z’ikinyamakuru Kangura zajyanaga n’inyigisho zatangwaga n’intagondwa z’abahutu zari zegereye ubutegetsi zitatinyaga kuvuga ku mugaragaro ko Perezida Habyarimana azicwa. Ibyo byatangaza abantu basanzwe bunvaga amagambo nkayo yavugwaga ku mugaragaro badatinya ubutegetsi. 1er Sergent Bimenyimana Appolinaire, umusirikare mu ngabo z’ u Rwanda muri 1994, yemeza ko kuwa 04 Werurwe 1994, yumvise Ngeze ubwo yari kumwe na Simbizi Stanislas avuga mu ruhame ko Perezida Habyarimana azicwa mu minsi ya vuba, dore uko abivuga :

« Kuwa 04 Werurwe 1994, nari mu kabare kitwa Devinière kari munsi ya Camp Kigali,

hafi y’ikigo cya ONATRACOM. Narindimo nkurikira umupira w’amaguru igihe habaga

amarushanwa y’igikombe cy’ibihugu by’Afurika. Hassan ngeze, wari aho mu kabare ari

kumwe na Simbizi Stanislas yaratubwiye ati : Murabizi ? Perezida Habyarimana azicwa.

Twari benshi twabyunvaga aho twareberaga umupira. Nta numwe wagize icyo asubiza

kuri ayo magambo kuko twese twagizengo arashaka kumva ikituvamo kugirango amenye

aho duhagaze, abantu batinye kugira icyo bavuga. Twari tuzi ko ari umuntu wegereye

ubutegetsi kandi twari tunazi ko ari nk’ubwiyahuzi ku muntu uwariwe wese wari aho

kugira icyo avuga kirebana n’ibyo Ngeze yaramaze kuvuga.66».

Appolinaire Bimenyimana yavuze ko Stanislas Simbizi yashyigikiye cyane ibyo ngeze Hassan avuga ko Perezida wa Repubulika yagambaniye revolisoyo yo 1959, kuko amasezerano ya Arusha azagira ingaruka mbi ku byo revolisiyo yari yarazanye. Simbizi yari umuyobozi ushinzwe iby’indege muri minisiteri y’ubwikorezi n’itumanaho yari ifite ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kanombe mu nshingano zayo. Ni Simbizi wahise afata ubuyobozi bw’ikibuga kuva ku mugoroba w’ihanurwa ry’indege afatanyije n’abajepe67. Simbizi

66 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyaruguru, Kuwa 13 Kamena 2008. Undi mu ofisiye mu ngabo z’u Rwanda zo z’icyo gihe, Kapiteni Nsengiyumva Théogène, yavuze ko imikoranire hagati ya Ngeze Hassan na Simbizi yari myiza kandi ko Simbizi yabaga afite amakuru ava mu gisirikare mu nzego z’iperereza (i biganiro yagiranye na Komite i Gako, kuwa 19 Kamena 2008). 67 Ubuhamya bw’abakozi bo ku Kibuga bari ku kazi ku mugoroba wo kuwa 06 ushyira uwa 07 Mata 1994, barimo Komanda w’ikibuga, Cyprien Sindano n’umugenzuzi w’ikirere Patrice Munyaneza.

21

wakomokaga muri Komini ya Kinigi, perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, yari umuyoboke ukomeye wa CDR akaba n’umwe mu bagize biro politike yayo ku rwego rw’igihugu kandi yari kw’isonga ry’icyitwa « Groupe d’initiative en faveur des sinistrés de guerre » cyashishikarizaga abavanywe mu byabo n’intambara kwanga FPR bayirega ngo ko ishaka gushyiraho igihugu cy’Abatutsi bitaga « Tutsi homeland » mu Rwanda babifashijwemo na Perezida Museveni «umugambi wabo ari ugushyiraho igihugu gituwe n’ubwoko bumwe gusa bw’Abatutsi», bakacyirukanamo Abahutu kugirango bagabanye ibintu byabo Abatutsi bavuye mu mahanga aho baba ku isi hose68». Uretse kuba yari intagondwa kuburyo bugaragara, Stanislas Simbizi, yari azwi nk’umuntu ujijutse ukunda kuba ari kumwe n’abayobozi bo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Francois Misser yanditse ko Simbizi yanenze perezida Habyarimana muri Nzeri 1992 « kuba yarafashije abacuruzi b’Abatutsi mbere y’intambara yo mu kwezi k’ Ukwakira » kandi ko ayo mahirwe bahawe yatumye babona amafaranga yo gutera inkunga urugamba rwa FPR ». Nkuko Misser abivuga, icyo gihe « Simbizi ntiyagiraga ikibazo cyo kwita uko korohereza abacuruzi b’abatutsi, ubugambanyi ashaka kwamagana ruswa yari mu buyobozi bwariho

69». Ibyo byose bimaze

kuvugwa bigaragaza umwanya Simbizi yari afite mu ntagondwa n’ubushobozi yar’afite bwo kubona amakuru yizewe akomoka mur’izo nzego yahanuraga iyicwa rya perezida mbere y’itariki ya 06 Mata 1994.

Muri Gashyantare 1994, ikindi kinyamakuru cyegereye abambari ba Hutu power, cyitwaga La Médaille Nyiramacibiri, muri nomero yacyo ya 5, cyavugaga ko intambara igiye gutera y’inkundura itazasiga n’umwe, cyagiraga kiti : « ninde uzarokoka intambara yo muri werurwe ?(…) abaturage bazivumbagatanya babifashijwemo n’ingabo kandi amaraso menshi

azameneka ». Kuwa 03 Mata 1994, kuri radiyo RTLM, umunyamakuru Noheli Hitimana, yatangaje ko hagiye kuba akantu » kagombaga kurangizwa n’igitero simusiga cyagombaga kuba mu matariki yo hagati ya 03-08 Mata 1994. Hitimana Noel yavuze ko ako kantu kazakorwa na FPR anongeraho ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zizahita zihimura ako kanya kandi zikoresheje ingufu nyinshi :

Yagize ati « mu by’ukuri, FPR yakagombye gucisha make. Abakozi bacu batugezaho amakuru, batubwirako ku itariki ya 03, iya 04 n’iya 05ko hano i Kigali, mu mujyi wa

Kigali hagomba kuba akantu. Ndetse no ku itariki ya 07, n’iya 08. Muzumva urusaku

rw’amasasu cyangwa se za gerenade ziturika. Nizeye ko ingabo z’u Rwanda ziri maso.

[…] bitabaye ibyo, gufata Kigali, turabizi, turabizi. Bitegerejwe ko hazaba akantu ku

matariki ya 03, 04, n’iya 05 i Kigali, kandi kazakomeza, uretse ku itariki ya 06 hazaba

ikiruhuko. Ku itariki ya 07 n’iya munani, bazashoza ikintu kidasanzwe bakoresheje

amasasu na za gerenade. Ukuri ni uko hari igitero simusiga barimo bategura. Bajya

bagira bati : igihe tuzashobora gukora akantu kazahungabanya umujyi hazakurikiraho

igitero simusiga. Itariki bizaberaho ntabwo umpa amakuru yari yayimbwira, ntiyari

68 Urwandiko Simbizi Stanislas wari Perezida wa Groupe d’initiative en faveur des sinistrés de guerre, yandikiye nyakubahwa Umunyabanga Mukuru wa Loni, Kigali, Kuwa 04 werurwe1993. 69 Fr. Misser. Igitabo yise « Vers un nouveau Rwanda…op. cit., pp. 85-86

22

yayimbwira […] ibyo bizatuma ingabo z’igihugu zirakara, hanyuma zivuge ziti : ibyo

byose n’abatututsi babiduteza70».

Valérie Bemeriki, mubyara wa Bagosora akaba n’umunyamakuru wa RTLM, yemeza ko muri werurwe 1994 yamenye ko byashobokaga ko Habyarimana yakwicwa, ariko ko atamenye aho ayo makuru yavuzwe na mugenzi we bakoranaga kuri Radiyo Noel Hitimana yaba yaravuye n’uwaba yara yatanze: yagize ati« ayo makuru nayabwiwe na depite Mukangwije Astérie,

wakomokaga muri MRND, kandi wajyaga mu mishyikirano aho yajyaga guhararira ishyaka rye.

Yakoranaga na Matayo Ngirumpatse. Niwe wambwiye ko hari umugambi wo kwica perezida

Habyarimana 71».

Liyetona Jean de Dieu Tuyisenge wari maneko muri perezidansi ya Repubulika kuva 1988 kugeza 1994, hanyuma akaza kuba maneko wa koloneli Sagatwa Elie, wari umunyamabanga wihariye wa perezida wa Repubulika, yavuzeko umugambi wo kwica Perezida Habyarimana watangiye guhwihwiswa kuva muri Gashyantare 1994, bituruka ku ishyirahamwe AMASASU ryarwanyaga imishyikirano n’amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha, dore uko abivuga:

« Kuva kuwa 26 Gashyantare 1994, nibwo amakuru arebana no kwica Perezida

Habyarimana yatangiye gushyirwa ahagaragara buhoro buhoro. Impamvu mvuga iyi

tariki nuko, uwo munsi Colonel Sagatwa yampamagaye nk’umusirikare wari ushinzwe

gukora iperereza ampa akazi ko kujya kuneka abasirikare ngo menye niba gufunga

bamwe mu bantu bakomeye harimo n’aba ofisiye byagira ingaruka mbi. Narabaririje nza

kumenya ko aba komanda b’imitwe yihariye ya gisirikare bose bari muri ako gatsiko

kifuzaga guhirika leta, ari Mpiranya, Neretse, Nubaha n’abandi. Abo basirikare

bashakaga kwica Nsabimana bahimbaga izina rya Castar, ariko babonye ukuntu yarazwi

cyane kandi akunzwe n’abasirikare n’abandi bo hanze, babaye baretse kumufunga.

Batekereje ubundi buryo bwo kotsa igitutu ubutegetsi, nuko baha Hassan Ngeze

amafaranga banamusomera inkuru yagombaga kwandika irebana nuko kwicwa kwa

perezida byari byegereje. Ntabwo ari Ngeze Hassan wahimbye ayo makuru,

n’abasirimkare bakuru bayamuhaye kugirango ayasohore mu kinmyamakuru cye kugira

ngo babone uko abaturage babyakira. Ayo makuru yavuye mu nzego z’iperereza rya

gisirikare,ahabwa Ngeze, ngo ayandike muri Kangura72 ».

Amakuru yari azwi mu Ngabo z’ u Rwanda

Abasirikare bahoze mu ngabo zari iz’u Rwanda mbere ya 1994, bemeza ko amakuru avuga ko Perezida Habyarimana azicwa yakundaga kuvugwa n’abasirikare bakomoka ku Gisenyi no mu Ruhengeri iyo babaga baganira na bagenzi babo kandi ko ayo makuru inzego z’iperereza zo

70 Gabriel Periès na David Servenay, mu gitabo bise « Une guerre noire. Enquête sur les origines du génocide rwandais (1959-1994), Paris, La Découverte, 2007, pp.262-266 ; HRW na FIDH, mu gitabo bise : « Aucun témoin…, pp.213-214 71 Ubuhamya bwahawe Komisiyo y’ u Rwanda yigenga ishinzwe kugaragaza uruhare rw’Ubufaransa muri Jenoside y’Abatutsi, Kigali, Kuwa 27 ukwakira 2006 72Ubuhamya bwahawe Komisiyo y’ u Rwanda yashinzwe gukora iperereza ku ruhare Ubufaransa bwagize muri Jenoside y’Abatutsi yabaye mu Rwanda muri 1994, Kigali, kuwa 15 Werurwe 2007

23

muri perezidansi zayahaye agaciro kayo. Abakozi bakoraga ku ndege Falcon 50 nabo bari baramenye ayo makuru kandi bari baragaragaje ko bahangayikishijwe nayo. Koloneli Habimana Pierre Claver, wari major mu ngabo z’u Rwanda icyo gihe, yagize ati : « ibihuha birebana n’imigambi yo kuzica perezida byaravugwaga haba mu gisirikare cyangwa mu banya politike, ariko sinashoboye kumenya aho ayo makuru aturuka n’agaciro kayo. Icyo

nakwemeza nuko ayo makuru yavugwaga73». Major Bernard Ntuyahaga, ubwo yabazwaga

n’abagenzacyaha bo mu rukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda yemeye ko ayo makuru yavugwaga, yagize ati: «Perezida Habyarimana yanze kujya kwitabira umuhango wo gushyingura Melchior Ndadaye kuberako yashoboraga kwicwa muri urwo

rugendo 74».

Twagirayezu Innocent, wari umwe mu barindaga Perezida Habyarimana yasobanuye mu buryo burambuye ubwo bwoba bw’uko habyarimana azicwa. Yagize ati « Twe twari dushinzwe ku murinda, urupfu rwa Habyarimana ntirwadutunguye. Ndibuka ko ubwo mugenzi we wo muri

Côte d’Ivoire, Houphouët Boigny, yapfaga, Perezida Habyarimana yari yateguye kujya mu

mihango yo kumushyingura. Ku munota wa nyuma yabonye amakuru yavugaga ko indege ye

yashoboraga guhanurwa cyangwa se ko yashoboraga guhura n’ibindi bibazo, aramutse agiyeyo,

yahise areka kugenda yohereza intumwa 75».

Senkeri Salathiel, undi mujepe wari mu bashinzwe kurinda umutekano wa Perezida mu nama y’ i Dar-es- Salaam nawe yibuka amakuru yavugaga ko hari umugambi wo kwica Perezida n’uburyo yaretse kujya muri Côte d’Ivoire ku munota wa nyuma atinya ko yakwicwa : « Nk’umuntu wari ushinzwe kurinda Perezida wa Repubulika, nahawe amakuru yavugaga ko

indege ya Perezida yashoboraga guhanurwa ivuye muri Côte d’Ivoire. Hari hasigaye nk’amezi

atatu ngo indege ye ihanurwe ku itariki ya 06 Mata 1994».

Mwongereza Evariste, nawe wari umusirikare wo mu mutwe urinda Perezida, yemeza ko ayo makuru yarazwi kandi ko hari harafashwe ingamba zidasanzwe zo kurinda Perezida:

« Umusirikare twakoranaga witwaga Ntarindwa Gaspard yambwiye ko hari amakuru

yavugagako bishoboka ko perezida Habyarimana yakwicwa. Ntarindwa yansobanuriye

ko ubwo yari yaherekeje Perezida Habyarimana agiye kumucungira umutekano mu rugo

rwe ku Gisenyi igihe yakiriye Booh-Booh. Booh- Booh yamubwiye ko agomba gufata

ingamba nshya zo kwirinda kuko yari afite amakuru yavugaga ko yashoboraga kwicwa.

Ni nako byagenze kuko kuva uwo munsi, ingamba nshya zo kurinda umutekano wa

Perezida zarafashwe. Abasirikare bo mu mutwe warushinzwe kurinda Perezida

bashyizwe ku kazi ku muhanda, kuva ku icumbi rya Perezida ry’i Kanombe kugera mu

mujyi rwagati bambaye imyenda ya gisivili. Abandi bambaye imyenda ya gisirikare

bagenderaga mu mamodoka bazengurukaga bagenzura ahantu Perezida wa Repubulika

73 Ubuhamya bwahawe Komite i Kigali, Kuwa 25 Kamena 2008 74 Ibazwa rya Bernard Ntuyahaga, inyandiko y’ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bw’ Ububiligi (reba imigereka y’iyo Raporo) 75 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komité i Rubavu, kuwa 28 Gashyantare 2008

24

yakundaga kunyura76». Ikindi, inzego z’iperereza z’Ababiligi zari zarabonye ko « mu

minsi irenga cumi n’itanu mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida, Habyarimana

yakundaga kuba aherekejwe n’umuntu ukomeye w’umunyarwanda cyangwa se

w’umunyamahanga77».

Furayide Jean-Paul, wari serija mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, akaba yarabaga mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kigali (Camp Kigali) nawe yatubwiye amakuru yakuraga mu basirikare b’intagondwa yavugaga ku rupfu rwa perezida wa repubulika, yagize ati :

« Mbere gato y’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida, abasirikare bakomokaga ku Gisenyi no

mu Ruhengeri (…) bari bafite umuco wo kwigamba mu kigo, bavuga ko Perezida azapfa

vuba, ko azahanuka mu giti i cyangwa akamanikwa nk’imbwa. Sergent-Major

RUHAMANYA, twabanaga mu cyumba kandi wakoraga mw’ishami ry’ iperereza, yari

umwe muri abo basirikare batubwiraga amakuru arebana n’uko Perezida agiye gupfa.

Wabonaga yizeye ibyo yatubwiraga, ntibyagaragaraga ko ari ukwirarira kudafite aho

gushingiye (…) hari igihe nko mu minsi 02 cyangwa 03 mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege ye,

ako gatsiko k’abasirikare katangaje ko Perezida yapfuye. Sergent Harerimana, wari

komanda w’ikimodoka cya gisirikare cyo mu bwoko bwa Char H90, yari umwe mu

bakekwagaho gushyira uwo mugambi mu bikorwa ku buryo bugaragara.Undi

wabivugaga yari umuserija ntibuka amazina, bahimbaga izina rya ‘Kwetu’na

‘CDR’78 ».

Gasana Jean-Marie Vianney, wari mu mutwe w’abaparakomando mu kigo cya gisirikare cy’i Kanombe, yari mu mutwe wihariye witwaga CRAP79, wari waratojwe n’abafaransa, yabwiye komite ko nawe yari azi amakuru yavugaga ko Perezida Habyarimana yagombaga gupfa mu minsi ya vuba, yagize ati :

«Mu by’ukuri twari tuzi ko Perezida Habyarimana azicwa. Icyo tutari tuzi n’umuntu

wagombaga kumwica, ariko twari tuzi ko urupfu rwe rwari rwarateguwe. Abasirikare

b’intagondwa baregaga Habyarimana ko abera Abatutsi. Binubiraga ko mu gihe

cy’ imishyikirano y’Arusha, yafataga uruhande rw’Abatutsi babaga hanze y’igihugu

akabashyigikira mu byifuzo byabo byo gushaka gutaha nta mananiza. Bongeragaho ko

n’intumwa zoherejwe nawe mu mishyikirano zakoraga nkibyo nawe yakoraga. Baheraga

kuri ibyo birego bamuregaga hanyuma bakavuga ko bagomba gufata ubutegetsi bwe ku

ngufu. Murumva ko urupfu rwe rutadutunguye80».

Abandi basirikare benshi bo mu ngabo z’ u Rwanda zo hambere, cyane cyane ababarizwaga mu mu kigo cy’ i Kanombe, babajijwe na Komite aho yabasanze hatandukanye mu gihugu, babwiye

76 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Muhanga, Kuwa 12 Nzeri 2008. Kamana François, wari umwe mu basirikare babungabungaga umutekano wa perezida Habyarimana yatanze amakuru asa n’ayatanzwe na Mwongereza (ibazwa ryabereye i Rwamagana, kuwa 21 Nzeri 2008). 77 B. VAN LIJSEBETH, Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Urwego rw’Umutekano rw’Ububiligi, Ibaruwa yandikiye Bwana Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, Bruxelles, kuwa 2 Ukuboza 1994. Impamvu : Association AMASASU 78 Ibazwa ryakozwe n’abagenza cyaha b’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwagenewe u Rwanda, Kigali, Kuwa 14 Kanama 1998 79 Commandos d’Action et de Recherche en Profondeur 80 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, Kuwa 29 Gashyantare 2008

25

komite ko gahunda yo kwica Perezida Habyarimana no gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu yari ihari kandi ko yavugwaga cyane cyane mu mezi atatu yabanjirije, ihanurwa ry’indege. Serija Muhutu Corneille yagize ati : « Ayo makuru arebana no gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu yaravuzwe mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe. Bavugaga ko Major Ntabakuze yateguraga guhirika ubutegetsi

akoresheje batayo y’aba para commando. Ibyo byavugwaga mbere yuko indege ihanurwa byari

nko mu kwezi kwa kabiri ngereranyije81». Nkeshumpatse Callixte, wari Kaporali muri batayo

y’abaparakomando yunze mu rya mugenzi we agira ati : « Habayeho ibihuha mu ngabo byavugaga ko Bagosora yashakaga gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu akuyeho Perezida,

narabyunvise82». Mugenzi we witwa Sengendo Vénuste nawe yumvise ibisa nabyo :

« Ndagira ngo mbabwire akandi kantu gato. Mu mezi atatu mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege,

bamwe mu basirikare bahwihwisaga ko Habyarimana azaraswa, ko hari umugambi

mubisha wo guhanura indege ye ko ariyo mpamvu yajyaga hanze mu ibanga, bavugaga

ko ari Habyarimana watubujije kwica abatutsi no gutsemba inyenzi. Bangaga ko habaho

kuvanga ingabo z’impande zombi, ngo ko bizakorwa nyuma y’urupfu rwe. Bavugaga ko

Bagosora n’abafaransa bari bafite umugambi wo kwica Habyarimana. Bavugaga ko

napfa, bashobora kwica Abatutsi, gukora jenoside83».

Ubwo buhamya bwose bwuzuzanya n’urwandiko ruri mu rwego rw’inyandiko z’ibanga rwanditswe kuwa 27 Nyakanga 1992, rwandikiwe umugaba mukururu w’ingabo zahoze ar’iz’u Rwanda rwanditswe na Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva, wari ukuriye inzego z’iperereza rya gisikare. Mu rwego rwo kugaragaza ko adashyigikiye ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’Arusha arebana no kuvanga ingabo z’impande zombi ni ukuvuga, ingabo zahoze ar’iz’ u Rwanda n’izahoze ari iz’ umutwe wa FPR, Koloneli Nsengiyumva yanditse avuga ko biramutse bigenze bityo, ingabo z’ u Rwanda zari ziteguye « gutsemba Abatutsi (…) n’abandi bayobozi

bacu bagize uruhare mu guteza ibyo bibazo (…) bazihorera ku basirikare bakuru bazaba

baremereye abasivili gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo bashaka batabagoye ». Mur’iyo nyandiko, Koloneli Nsengiyumva yashimangiye ko abasirikare bunvaga muri bo ko Minisitiri w’intebe, Dismas Nsengiyaremye, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Boniface Ngulinzira, na Perezida wa Repubulika ubwe barababeshye. Mu magambo yarasobanutse, Koloneli Nsengiyumva, yaburiye Perezida Habyarimana amwereka ibyashoboraga ku mubaho muri aya magambo :«Niba uwo mu perezida atarengeye abantu be, n’atava mu by’arimo vuba […] azisanga ari

wenyine(…) Niba umukuru w’igihugu adashaka inshingano ze akarengera igihugu , azegure

abandi babibkore 84».

Mu buryo budafifitse, Koloneli Bagosora yavugiye mu muhango wabereye muri Hoteli Meridien i Kigali kuwa 04 Mata 1994 ko atemera amasezerano y’amahoro yasinyiwe Arusha kandi ko atemera ko Habyarimana ajya i Dar-es- Salaam aho yagombaga kujya kwemeza ko agiye kuyashyira mu bikorwa ku buryo budasubirwaho. Koloneli Bagosora yongeyeho ko Perezida Habyarimana azahanurwa mu ndege ye kandi ko urupfu rwe ruzakurikirwa n’itsembabwoko

81 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, Kuwa 14 Gicurasi 2008 82 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, Kuwa 04 Mata 2008 83 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, Kuwa 06 Kamena 2008 84 Jacques Morel et Georges Kapler, « inyandiko yo kuwa 27 Nyakanga 1992 igaragaza imyitwarire y’ abasirikare n’abasivili » mu gitabo bise : « La Nuit Rwandaise, Nomero ya 2, yo kuwa 7 Mata 2008, p.105

26

ry’Abatutsi. Aya makuru yatanzwe na Jenerali Major Laurent Munyakazi mu rubanza rwe, yanditswe mu myanzuro y’imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu buryo bukurikira:

« Kuwa 11 Nzeri 2006, urubanza rwatangiye urikiko rusaba Jenerali Major Laurent

Munyakazi gusobanura amagambo yavuze ubwo yavugaga ko imyitwarire ya Koloneli

Bagosora n’iya liyetona Koloneli Renzaho yasaga n’iy’interahamwe. Jenerali Major

Munyakazi yasobanuye ko ku itariki ya 04 Mata 1994, Koloneli Bagosora wari

umuyobozi w’ibiro bya minisitiri w’ingabo, ubwo bari mu muhango wo kwiyakira wari

wabereye muri Hotel Meridien, yavuze amagambo akomeye cyane yagaragaza ko

yateguraga gutsemba Abatutsi. Icyo gihe, Bagosora yavuze ko atemeraga amasezerano

y’arusha ndetse ko atabonaga impamvu yayo ngo nubwo yari yarashyizweho umukono

na perezida wa repubulika na FPR. Yavuze ko atashakaga ko Perezida wa Repubulika

ajya muri Tanzaniya kandi ko indege azagendamo izaraswa.

Amaze kumva ayo magambo yavuzwe na Bagosora , Jenarali Major Munyakazi

nk’umuofisiye wa jandarumeri wo mu rwego rwo hejuru, yafashe icyemezo cyo gukora

raporo mw’ibanga hanyuma ayiha Umugaba Mukuru wa Jandarumori amumenyesha ko

hariho hategurwa ubwicanyi buzibasira Abatutsi, ndetse ko hanategurwaga kuzarasa

indege ya Perezida wa Repubulika. Jenerali Major Munyakazi yabwiye urukiko ko iyo

raporo yageze kuri Sagatwa akamuhamagara kuri telefoni amusaba kuza gusobanura

ibyayo muri perezidansi. Agezeyo, Jenerali Major Munyakazi yibwiye Perezida

Habyarimana, amagambo yunvise mu ruhame avuzwe na Koloneli Bagosora.

Perezida Habyarimana yamubajije niba hari uwundi mu ofisiye mukuru waba

yarabyunvise Jenerali Major Munyakazi amusubiza ko liyetona -Koloneli Nzabanita

bahimbaga « Dictionnaire » yabyunvise kandi ko yabihamya. Perezida Habyarimana

yamusubije ko nawe ayo makuru yari yayabwiwe ariko amusaba kutagira undi muntu

abibwira yaba umu ofisiye wo mu ngabo cyangwa se muri Jandarumori 85».

Amakuru yari azwi na Perezida Habyarimana ubwe n'abanyamahanga

Umugambi wo kwica Perezida Habyarimana wari uzwi na Perezida ubwe ndetse n’abanyamahanga. Ubwo yatangaga ubuhamya imbere ya komisiyo ya Sena y’ababiligi, Johann Scheers, wari inshuti akaba n’umujyanama wa Perezida Habyarimana mu bijyanye n’amategeko, kandi wakomukoreraga dipolomasi iziguye yabwiye Sena ko muri Gashyantare 1994, Habyarimana yamubwiye ko aramutse avuye mu gihugu, yakwicwa86. Johann Scheers yabwiye Sena ko Perezida Habyarimana yari yaramuhishuriye iryo banga mu Kuboza 1993 ubwo yidogaga avuga ko atakibona inkunga ivuye ibwami, kuva aho umwami Baudouin w’Ububiligi yatangiye. Johann Scheers yavuze ko ibyo yabishyikirije ababishinzwe mu ngoro y’ i bwami i Buruseli, hanyuma igikomangoma Philippe kigategura kubonana na Habyarimana i Yamousoukro kuwa 07 Gashyantare 1994, ahagomboga kubera umuhango wo gushyingura Houphouet Boigny, wari Perezida wa Côte d’Ivoire.

85 Urukiko rwa Gisikare rwa Nyamirambo, dosiye n° RP/GEN/0002/0/TM RMP1515/S1/AM/KGL/IKT/97 Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare buregwamo Jenerali Major Laurent Munyakazi na Padiri Wenceslas Munyeshyaka, urup.78 86 Ibazwa rya Bwana. Scheers, 24 Kamena 1997 (Raporo ya Sena y’ u Bubiligi,urup.653)

27

Nkuko Johann Scheers abivuga, Perezida Habyarimana yanze ubutumire ku munota wa nyuma kubera impamvu z’umutekano we : « Naramubwiye nti, Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika nizeye ko ushobora kuba ufite impamvu zikomeye kuko ntari bushobore kubisobanura. Nibwo

yansubije agira ati : mfite impungenge ko hari icyambaho ndamutse mvuye mu gihugu87». Muri

Werurwe 1994, Perezida Habyarimana yabwiye Johann Scheers ko indege ye yashoboraga kuraswa : « Ndagira ngo mbabwire ko igihe navuganye kuri telefoni na Habyarimana, yanyibwiriye ko yari asigaye atinya gukora ingendo mu ndege kubera impamvu z’umutekano we

kuko yatinyaga ko indege ye yashoboraga kuraswa igihe cyo guhaguruka cyangwa cyo kugwa 88».

Abasirikare b’ababiligi bakoraga mu by’ubutwererane bwa gisirikare bari mu kazi mu Rwanda bari bafite amakuru y’ikintu kidasanzwe cyashoboraga kuba, icyo kintu cyashoboraga kuba gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu byagombaga kuba ari uko bafashe cyangwa bishe Perezida wa Repubulika. 1er Sergent Beyens Marc wari mu Rwanda kuva kuwa 01 Nyakanya 1993 kugeza muri Mata 1994, akora mu rwego rw’ubutwererane bwa gisirikare mu kigo cya Bigogwe yagize ati :

« Kubera akazi nakoraga, navuganaga buri gihe n’uwayoboraga agatsiko kavugwa

ahangaha ariwe adjudant-chef Nemeyabahizi. Ibyumweru bike mbere yuko Perezida

agabwaho igitero yavuze ko kubwe hari agahenge ko kwibazwaho (…) ibyumweru bibiri

cyangwa bitatu mbere yuko perezida araswa, ako gatsiko kabonye amabwiriza yavuye

hejuru agasaba kwirinda no kwihisha. Bagombaga gucukura imyobo. Bari biteze

icyagombaga kuba. Bari barakaye cyane. Twunvaga ko hari ikintu cyagombaga kuba 89».

Ayo makuru yari azwi n’inzego z’iperereza za Perezida Mobutu ahagana mu mpera za Werurwe 1994. Mobutu yatelefonnye mu rugo kwa Habyarimana ariko ntibashobora kuvugana nawe kuko Habyarimana atari ahari. Mobutu yabwiye umugore wa Habyarimana ko hategurwaga kurasa indege y’umugabo we kandi ko yagombaga kuraswa ataha ava muri Tanzaniya, anamusaba ko atajyayo. Aya makuru yatanzwe n’umugore wa Habyarimana ubwe, ku mugoroba w’umunsi indege yahanuriweho ubwo y’itabaga telefone ya perezida w’Ubufaransa Francois Mitterand yo kumwihanganisha mu kababaro. Umutangabuhamya Jean Birara yabivuze muri aya magambo :

« Mu mpera za Werurwe (kuwa 30 cyangwa 31), Perezida MOBUTU yaterefonnye mu

rugo kwa HABYALIMANA, asanze Perezida adahari, yavuganye na Agatha H. amubwira

ko hari umugambi wo kwica umugabo we kandi ko wagombaga gushyirwa mu bikorwa

avuye i Dar-es- Salaam. Na none, inzego z’ipereza z’ingabo z’ u Burundi zari zifite

abazihaga amakuru benshi mu kigo cy’i Kanombe zasabye Perezida w’u Burundi

kwirinda kujyana na Perezida w’ u Rwanda mu ngendo kuberako mu kwezi kwa kane

yashoboraga kuraswa. Umugore wa Habyarimana ashobora kuba yarabibwiye

SAGATWA Elie, Koloneli wari ushinzwe umutekano wa Perezida akaba na musaza wa

87 J. Scheers, ibidem 88 J. Scheers, ubuhamya yatanze imbere y’umucamanza Damien Vandermeersch, kuwa 08 Ukwakira 1997 89 Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bw’Ububiligi, Ibazwa rya Beyens Marc muri dosiye n° 02.02545n/94/C8, kuwa 18 Gicurasi 1994

28

Agatha Habyarimana ari nawe Agatha yashakaga ko ya musimbura. Sagatwa niba

yarabisabwe yaba yarabyanze nubwo atabibwiye shebuja. Ibi byose Agatha yabibwiye

Mitterrand ubwo yatelefonaga ahagana 21 :30 ku itariki ya 06 Mata 1994 agamije

guhumuriza umuryango no kuwubwira ko yifatanyije nawo mu kababaro90»

Urwandiko rwanditswe kuwa 02 ukuboza 1994 n’umuyobozi mukuru w’umutekano w’ububiligi ruvuga ko abari bagize ishyirahamwe ryitwaga « AMASASU » bari baraburiye perezida Habyarimana ko « igikorwa cyo gusinya amasezerano y’ Arusha ko kizafatwa nk’igikorwa cy’intege nke ku ruhande rwe kandi ko kizamuviramo kuvutswa ubuzima

91». Umugore

w’umuderevu w’indege Falcon 50, Jacky Héraud, we yavuze ko abakozi bakoraga ku ndege ya Habyarimana bari bazi amakuru yavugaga ko hari umugambi wo kwica Habyarimana kandi wagombaga gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu byumweru byabanjirije ihanurwa ry’indege. Ubwo yabazwaga n’umwanditsi w’umufaransa Sébastien Spitzer, Madamu Héraud yamubwiye ko umugabo we yamubwiraga ko hari amakuru yavugaga ko hari intagondwa z’abahutu zitashakaga ko Habyarimana agira na kimwe arekurira abo bashyikiranaga(…) ntibashakaga ko yagira agace

k’ubutegetsi ako ariko kose yarekurira FPR ». Sebastien Spitzer yongeyeho ko Madamu Héraud yamubwiye ko umugabo we « yumvise ibihuha byinshi bimwe muri byo bivuga umugambi wo kugaba igitero cyashoboraga kwibasira indege yatwaraga yari indege ya Perezida w’ u Rwanda

Juvénal Habyarimana92».

Jean-Berchmans Birara, wahoze ari Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’ u Rwanda kandi wavuganaga ku buryo bworoshye kandi buhoraho n’abayobozi bakuru b’ingabo z’u Rwanda cyane cyane abasirikare bakuru bakomokaga muri perefegitura ya Gisenyi nkawe, yavuze ko yabonye amakuru yizewe ayabwiwe n’umusirikare mukuru amubwirako ko ku itariki ya 04 Mata 1994, « hari ibintu bikomeye byategurwaga » kandi ko nawe « atari yizeye ko mu cyumweru kimwe azaba akiri muzima

93».

Birara yongeyeho ko mu mezi nk’abiri yari arangiye, uwo musirikare bose bavuga ko ari Jenerali Nsabimana Deogratias waguye mu ndege94, yari yaramweretse urutonde rw’abantu 1500 bagombaga kwicwa mu mujyi wa Kigali : « za lisiti zarakozwe, izizwi n’izireba Kigali kandi byemewe na Perezida wa Repubulika. Batangije abantu 60, hanyuma ku itariki ya 20

gashyantare 1994, bari bamaze kugera ku bantu 1.500. Inshuro eshatu zose, ubwicanyi

bwarahagaritswe cyangwa barabusubika kubera ko NSABIMANA wari umugaba mukuru

w’ingabo yabirwanyije. Yabimbwiye ku itariki ya 20 Gashyantare1994 ananyereka urutonde

ntakuka 95 ». Jean Berchmans Birara anavuga ko aya makuru yayahaye za ambassades z’ibihugu

90 Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bw’i Buruseli, Imigerekaku nyandiko mvugo n°7 yo kuwa 26 Gicurasi 1994 ya Jean Birara muri dosiye n° 02.02545N94 C8, reba dosiye /945 91 Urwandiko rwa B.Van Lijsebeth, yandikiye Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, i Buruseli, kuwa 02 Ukuboza 1994 92 Sébastien Spitzer, Contre-attaque sur le juge Bruguière. Raisons d’Etat. Justice ou politique? Paris, Privé, 2007, pp.227-228 93 Jean Birara, ikiganiro yahaye ikinyamakuru La Libre Belgique, kuwa 24 Gicurasi 1994 94 G. Prunier, igitabo yise : « Rwanda : Histoire d’un génocide… op.cit, p.268 95 Ubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare bw’i Buruseli, ibazwa rya Birara Jean kuwa 26 Gicurasi 1994, muri dosiye n°02.02545 N94C8, imigerekaw’inyandiko nvugo n°734 (Reba dosiye ya Ntuyahaga 1/945)

29

by’i burayi, akanayatanga mu banya politike bo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu Bubiligi96» ariko ntibamwumve. Muri uko kwezi kwa Gashyantare 1994, inzego z’iperereza za MINUAR nazo zari zifite amakuru yerekanaga ko ingabo z’ u Rwanda zateguraga intambara simusiga: « muri Kigali hose bavuga ko imirwano igiye kubura (…) ingabo z’ u Rwanda zihora ziryamiye amajanja kandi

ibibunda bya rutura byajyanywe ku birindiro by’ingabo zari ziryamiye amajanja97». Madamu

Uwimana, umugore wa jenerali Nsabimana, yemeje ko ingabo z’igihugu ziteguraga kubura imirwano ndetse ko hanategurwaga ubwicanyi, yagize ati :

« (…) Nababwira ko umugabo wanjye yahoraga yiteguye ko haba impinduka hagati mu

ngabo. Yahoraga ahangiyikishijwe nuko imirwano yakubura akurikije uburyo impande

zombi zigwizagaho intwaro ndetse no kutumvikana hagati y’abanya politike (…)

umugabo wanjye yambwiye ko yarazi ko hari abantu bagombaga kwicwa ariko ntiyigeze

ambwira ko hari za lisiti zakozwe. Yangiraga inama kenshi kuko yarazi ko isaha iyariyo

yose byahinduka. Nzi kandi ko umugabo wanjye yitambitse umunsi bica Gatabazi

akaburizamo ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’umugambi w’ubwicanyi bwari bwateguwe.98».

Undi mutangabuhamya, nyakwigendera Alphonse-Marie Nkubito, wahoze ari umushinjacyaha mukuru wa Repubulika, wanabaye minisitiri w’ubutabera muri guverinoma yashyizweho kuwa 19 Nyakanga 1994 yabwiye abagenzacyaha b’ububiligi bari baje gukora ipereza mu Rwanda boherejwe n’urukiko rw’iwabo ubwo bateguraga dosiye ya major Ntuyahaga, muri Gicurasi 1995, ko muri Gashyantare 1994 yamenye ko hari ibintu bikomeye byari bigiye kuba. Dore uko abivuga : « mu ntangiriro za 1994, hari igihuha cyavugaga ko hari ikintu kizaba mu kwezi kwa kabiri k’uyu mwaka

99 ». Nkubito yari yaraburiwe n’umwe mu nshuti ze witwaga, Daniel Nduwimana, wari suliyetona mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, amubwira ko « amalisiti y’abantu bagombaga kwicwa yari zarateguwe kandi ko hari hasigaye gukoma imbarutso ngo ubwicanyi

butangire100

». Undi musirikare w’umubiligi wakoraga mu kigo cy’i Kanombe, ashinzwe amasasu wari ufite ipeti rya serija witwaga Daubie Benoît, yagize ati : « mu cyumweru cyabanjirije iraswa ry’indege, umugore wankoreraga yarambwiye ngo njye nitonda kuko tugiye guhinduka

abatutsi b’abazungu. Yashakaga kuvuga ko hariho za lisiti z’abantu bagombaga kwicwa kandi

ko byashobokaga ko twe ababiligi turi kuriyo lisiti 101

». Mu by’ukuri, kuvuga ko Perezida Habyarimana azicwa hanyuma hakaba ifatwa ry’ubutegetsi hakicwa n’abantu benshi yari inkuru yavugwaga n’intagondwa, zaba iz’abasirikare cyangwa abasivili, kuko yavugirwaga mu ruhame kandi yar’izwi n’abandi bantu batari bafite icyo

96 Jean Birara, ikiganiro yahaye ikinyamakuru la Libre Belgique kuwa 24 Gicurasi 1994 97 M. Nees Lt S2, ubutumwa bugenewe komanda wa KIBAT, Info S3, Kigali, kuwa 16 Gashyantare 1994 98 Ibazwa rya Madamu Uwimana Athanasie, inyandiko mvugo y’ibazwa n° 1023 yakozwe kuwa 30 Kamena 1994 n’ubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare bw’ububiligi, dosiye n° 02 02545 N94 C8 y’umushinjacyaha wa gisirikare i Buruseli 99 Ibazwa rya Bwana M. Nkubito, inyandiko y’ubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare bw’ububiligi, inyandiko nvugo yo kuwa 01 nokuwa 13 Gicurasi 1995 100 Ibidem 101 Auditorat militaire belge, audition de Daubie Benoît suite au dossier n° 0202545N94C8, 10 mai 1994

30

bahuriyeho n’ubutegetsi, nka za ambassade na za serivisi z’ubutwererane bwa gisirikare z’abafaransa n’ababiligi.

Itegurwa n’impamvu z’inama y’i Dar-es- Salaam Inama y’abakuru b’ibihugu byo mu karere yabereye i Dar-es-Salaam ku itariki ya 06 Mata 1994 yari igamije gushaka uburyo inzego zemeranyijweho mu masezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha zashyirwaho (Guverinoma y’inzibacyuho yaguye, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yaguye n’ivangwa ry’ingabo z’impande zombi) ; no kwiga ikibazo cy’umwuka mubi n’umutekano muke byarangwaga i Burundi102 kuva Perezida Melchior Ndadaye yicwa mu Kwakira 1993.

Gukemura ikibazo cya politike cyari mu Rwanda

Nubwo amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha yasinywe, ku itariki ya 04 Kanama 1993 (Amasezerano asoza imishyikirano agizwe n’ibice bitanu), ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo ryari ryarananiranye, kubera inzitizi n’umutekano muke byaterwaga n’ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi (MRND n’abandi bakoranaga nayo barimo CDR n’intagondwa zo mu ngabo z’igihugu). Ku itariki ya 15 werurwe 1994, imiryango itanu itegamiye kuri Leta iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu « yagaragaje akababaro yari itewe no kwiyongera k’urugomo mu Rwanda, ikwirakwizwa ry’intwaro, gutinda gushyrira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’amahoro, n’ibyo MRND yashakaga ko

bayisezeranira ko hazatorwa itegeko ribuza gukurikiranwa mu nkiko abantu bayo bagize

uruhare mu bikorwa byo guhungabanya uburenganzira bwa muntu103

». Igikorwa cyo gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano ya Arusha cyakozwe, ni irahira rya Perezida wa Repubulika gusa ryabaye ku itariki ya 05 Mutarama 1994. Inama y’ i Dar-es-Salaam bwari uburyo bwa nyuma bwageragejwe n’umuhuza kugira ngo arebe ko yakura igihugu mu gihirahiro cya politike, na perezida Habyarimana wotswaga igitutu inshuro nyinshi n’ibihugu byagize uruhare mur’ayo masezerano y’amahoro ndetse n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yari yiteguye kuyashyira mu bikorwa.

Perezida Habyarimana yotswa igitutu mbere y’inama y’i Dar-es- Salaam

Perezida yokejwe igitutu n’ibihugu byinshi byari inshuti z’ u Rwanda, mu rwego rwo gukura igihugu mu bihe bikomeye. Ni muri urwo rwego ku itariki ya 14 Mutarama 1994, umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye yabwiye perezida Habyarimana kuri telefoni ko « ni hatagira igikorwa, bizaba ngombwa ko Umuryango w’Abibumbye uzava mu Rwanda

104. Kuwa 01 Werurwe 1994, umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye

ubwo yakiraga intumwa yihariye ya perezida Habyarimana yongeye kuvuga ko « nihatagira igikorwa, Umuryango w’Abibumbye wari witeguye kuvana ingabo zawo mu Rwanda

105».

102 Itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara nyuma y’inama y’abakuru b’ibihugu bo mu karere yabereye Dar Es Salaam kuwa 06 Mata 1994 ku bibazo byarangwaga mu Burundi no mu Rwanda 103 Raporo ya Loni p.13 ; HRW na FIDH, mu gitabo bise « Aucun témoin … , urup.198 104 Raporo ya Loni, p.13 105 Ibidem, p.15. Intumwa yihariye ya Perezida Habyarimana akaba na Minisitiri w’ubwikorezi n’itumanaho, Bwana Ntagerura André.

31

Perezida Habyarimana ubwo yatangiye ingendo zo kugisha inama bagenzi be bo mu karere, yagiye Uganda ku itariki ya 09 Werurwe 1994 naho muri Zaire ajyayo ku itariki ya 04 Mata 1994. Urugendo rwe rw’i Bugande rwakiriwe nabi cyane n’intagondwa zo mu ishyaka rye. Dore uko urwandiko rw’inzego z’iperereza z’Ububiligi rubivuga:

« Komite nkuru ya MRND yarakajwe cyane nuko Habyarimana yagiye kubonana na

Perezida wa Uganda, Museven,i itayigishije inama. Matayo Ngirumpatse, wari Perezida

wa MRND, yabibonagamo ikosa ryo mu rwego rwa politikike rikomeye. Byabaye

ngombwa ko Habyarimana yisobanura imbere y’abayobozi b’ishyaka 106

». Muri icyo

gihe uwari uhagarariye Ubudage avuga mu izina ry’ibihugu bigize umuryango

w’ubumwe bw’ uburayi yagaragaje uburyo yarahangayikishijwe no kwiyongera

k’umutekano muke, kwiyongera kw’imbunda n’uruhare rudashobora kwihanganirwa

rwa bimwe mu bitangaza makuru. Yavuze ko inkunga y’ibihugu by’ubumwe bw’iburayi

izatangwa aruko amasezerano yashyizwe mu bikorwa 107

». Kubera igitutu yotswaga n’impande zose, Perezida Habyarimana yasanze nta kundi yabigenza usibye kwemera ibyo bamusabaga, nuko intagondwa zo mu ishyaka rye ziba ziramubonye zinaboneraho no kuvuga ko yakoze ikosa zitari ziteguye kubabarira .Ku itariki ya 02 Mata 1994, yabwiye intumwa idasanzwe y’umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye, Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh, ubwo yari yamutumiye iwe ku Gisenyi, ko irahira rya guverinoma y’inzibacyuho yaguye riteganyijwe ku itariki ya 08 Mata 1994, nyuma y’ingendo yateganyaga gukora i Gbadolite kuwa 04 mata , n’i Dar-es-Salaam kuwa 06 Mata , anamusaba kubibwira Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye 108. Nibwo Bwana Nzirorera Joseph, Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Ishyaka rya MRND, wari muri ibyo biganiro ku Gisenyi, yabwiye Perezida wa Repubulika yeruye ati : « ntituzabyemera Nyakubahwa Perezida109 ». Abantu benshi bashobora kwibaza isano iri hagati y’iri terabwoba rigaragarira buri wese n’ibyo RTLM yatangaje umunsi wakurikiyeho ku itariki ya 03 Mata, yahanuraga ko FPR yar’igiye gukora « akantu » ikoresheje amasasu na za gerenade kuva ku itariki 03 kugeza kuya 05 mata, no kuva ku itariki ya 07 kugeza ku ya 08 mata 1994.

Ibibazo by’u Burundi nibyo byari impamvu y’ingenzi y’inama y’ i Dar-es-Salaam

106 HRW na FIDH, mu Gitabo bise « aucun témoin…Op. Cit., Urup.197 107 Ibidem, reba na none Prunier, mu gitabo yise « The Rwanda crisis…,urup.209 108 Vénuste Nshimiyimana, abazwa na M. Van Winsen, umushinjacyaha wa Gisirikare mu rukiko rwa Gisikare ruhoraho rw’ i Buruseli, kuwa 18 Ugushyingo 1994, ku bijyanye na dosiye y’urupfu rw’abasirikare icumi b’ababiligi bari muri MINUAR. Reba igitabo yise « Prélude du génocide rwandais. Enquête sur les circonstances politiques et militaires du meurtre du président Habyarimana, Bruxelles, Quorum, 1995,impap. 49-51. Nshimiyimana yarashinzwe itangazamakuru muri GOMN, hanyuma aza gukora ako kazi muri MINUAR kuwa 1

Ugushyingo 1993 kugeza kuwa 1 Gicurasi 1994, umunsi Booh-Booh yeguriye. 109 V. Nshimiyimana, ikiganiro yagiranye na Komite i Londres, kuwa 10 Mutarama 2009. Abari baraho ni aba bakurikira : Perezida wa Repubulika n’umugore we, J. Roger Booh-Booh, Alphonse Higaniro n’umugore we, Joseph Nzirorera n’umugore we, Pasteur Musabe (mwene nyina wa Bagosora) n’umugore we, Alphonse Ntirivamunda n’umugore we (umukobwa wa Perezida) na Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva, Umuyobozi w’akarere ka Gisirikare ka Gisenyi. Ubwo yaganiraga na Komite, V.Nshimiyimana yavuze ko ayo makuru y’ingenzi yayabwiwe na Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh akiva ku Gisenyi.

32

Kubera icyizere Perezida Habyarimana yatanze mu nama y’ i Dar-es- Salaam cyo gushyiraho inzego za Leta y’inzibacyuho akimara kugaruka mu gihugu, impaka zo muri iyo nama zibanze cyane cyane ku bibazo by’ u Burundi. Mu Burundi icyo gihe umutekano warushagaho kugenda uba mubi kuva nyuma y’iyicwa rya Melchior Ndadaye mu Kwakira 1993. Icyo gihugu cyari gifite ibibazo bishingiye ku nzego z’ubutegetsi n’ibya politike bikomeye kitigeze kigira. Hari hashyizweho Perezida w’agateganyo, ariwe Ntaryamira Cyprien, ariko yavugaga ko atarashoboye gutegeka haramutse hatabayeho impinduka zikomeye mu ngabo z’igihugu. Abantu batinyaga ko ibintu byarushaho kuba bibi kuko ingabo z’u Burundi zaregwaga kuba ari zo zishe Perezida Ndadaye kandi ko zitashaga impinduka y’igisirikare yifuzwaga n’ubuyobozi bwa gisivili bwariho. Impamvu nyamukuru y’inama y’i Dar-es-Salaam yahagurukije Perezida Habyarimana i Kigali yar’iyo kwiga ku bibazo by’umutekano byari bisanzwe birangwa mu Rwanda no mu Burundi, aho kuba umugambi mubisha waba wari wateguwe na kimwe cyangwa se byinshi mu bihugu by’ibihangange byo mu karere110 nkuko bamwe babitekereza.

Ibibazo byerekeye urugendo rw’Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda

Intumwa z’ u Rwanda zari mu ndege ya perezida wa repubulika zari intumwa zari zisanzwe zimuherekeza mu ngendo zisa n’urwo bari bagiyemo usibye umugaba mukuru w’ingabo z’u Rwanda, jenerali Nsabimana Deogratias wahatiwe guherekeza perezida ku nshuro ya mbere kandi akabibwirwa ku munota wa nyuma. Jenerali Nsabimana Deogratias yabwiwe ko azaherekeza Perezida wa Repubulika ku munsi wabanzirizaga uw’urugendo, n’impapuro ze zijyanye narwo zateguwe huti huti zidaciye mu nzira isanzwe iz’abandi zicamo. Yabwiwe ko azaherekeza umukuru w’igihugu anahabwa impapuro zihabwa abajya mu butumwa mu mahanga iwe mu ijoro agomba kujya muri Tanzaniya ku munsi ukurikiraho. Umugore we madamu Uwimana Athanasie, abajijwe n’ubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare bw’ububiligi ku itariki ya 30 kamena 1994 i Buruseli, yagize ati : « ku itariki ya 05 Mata 1994,

babwiye umugabo wanjye ko yagombaga guherekeza Perezida wa Repubulika i Dar-es-Salaam

ku itariki ya 06 Mata 1994 mu gitondo kare. Umugabo wanjye ntiyarazi impamvu z’urwo

rugendo, hari ku nshuro ya mbere bamusaba kujya mu rugendo nk’urwo111

». Madamu Uwimana yongeyeho ko ari kwa perezida ku munsi wakurikiye uw’ihanurwa ry’indege nyuma ya saa sita, yumvise umugore wa perezida Habyarimana avuga ko ibyabaye « byagombaga kuba 112» ubwo yamusubizaga ibibazo yari yamubajije bijyanye n’impamvu zatumye umugabo we ajyana na perezida ku buryo butunguranye. Kapiteni Bwanakweri Isidore, wari umunyamabanga wa Minisitiri w’Ingabo kuva muri Kamena 1993 kugeza muri Mata 1994, yavuze ko yabonye amakuru ayahawe na Lieutenant-colonel wari mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru, Stanislas Bangamwabo, akaba mukuru wa Jenerali Nsabimana, yemeza ko murumuna we yoherejwe mu butumwa mu nama y’i Dar-es-Salaam ku buryo butunguranye. Kapiteni Bwanakweli atangira asobanura ibijyanye n’ihanurwa ry’indege muri aya magambo : «ku mugoroba wo ku itariki ya 06 mata, nari ndi i Kanombe mu Kajagali hafi

110 Jean Louis Bruguière, Urukiko rwisumbuye rw’I Paris, Icyemezo cy’umucamanza, Urup 49: “Iyo nama yaba yari urwitwazo rwo koroshya ihanurwa ry’indege” 111Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Madamu Uwimana Athanasie muri dosiye n° 02 02545 N94 C8, y’Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bw’i Buruseli 112 Ubuhamya bwa Madamu Uwimana Athanasie, ibidem

33

y’ikibuga cy’indege. Numvise urusaku rw’ibintu bibiri biturika biturutse mu dusozi twari

inyuma yo kwa Perezida Habyarimana, hanyuma mbona ikirimi cy’umuriro gikwiriye hejuru

y’iwe. Sinahise menya ko ari indege ye irashwe».

Hanyuma, Kapiteni Bwanakweri yavuze ibyo mukuru wa jenerali Nsabimana yaramaze ku mwongorera uwo mugoroba w’ihanurwa ry’indege : «Nahise njya kwa liyetona koloneli Bangamwabo wari inshuti yanjye hanyuma musobanurira ibyo narimaze kubona no kumva.

Yahise ambwira ko murumuna we, jenerali Nsabimana, yari yagiye i Dar-es-Salaam mu buryo

butunguranye. Yabimbwiye muri aya magambo : « murumuna wanjye ntabyo yar’azi. Mu

gitondo cyo kuwa 05 Mata, yari yagiye mu Ruhengeri muri kajugujugu agiye kureba nyina kandi

kuri gahunda ye yateganyaga gukomeza ajya i Byumba gusura ingabo zo mur’ako karere ka

gisirikare. Mbere yuko arangiza urwo rugendo rwe nkuko yari yaruteguye, yahamagawe

byihutitrwa na minisieri y’ingabo ngo agaruke i Kigali. Ageze i Kigali nibwo yabwiwe ko

yagombaga guherekeza perezida wa repubulika muri Tanzaniya ku munsi ukurikiyeho 113

».

Ubuhamya bw’umugore wa Nsabimana n’ubwa Lt col. Bangamwabo bushimangirwa na Runyinya Barabwiriza wari umujyanama mu bya politike muri perezidansi ya repubulika kandi war’ushinzwe gukora impapuro z’ubutumwa bw’abakozi bo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Runyinya yabwiye Komite ko bamwe mu ntumwa zagiye mu nama y’i Dar-es-Salaam barimo umugaba mukuru w’ingabo bagiye badakorewe impapuro zikorerwa abajya mu butumwa mu mahanga anongeraho ko atazi umuntu wategetse ko bajya i Dar-es-Salaam :

« Gukora impapuro z’abakozi ba leta bajya mu butumwa mu mahanga byari mu

nshingano zanjye. Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga yampaga urutonde rw’abantu

bagombaga kugenda, hanyuma nkabategurira impapuro zabugenewe. Ubwo nagendaga

njya i Dar-es- Salaam, ku itariki ya 05 mata 1994, nari nasinye impapuro z’abagombaga

guherekeza Perezida wa Repubulika, iza Jenerali Nsabimana ntazarimo. Ntabwo byari

biteganyijwe ko yar’umwe mu bagombaga guherekeza perezida. Ni Minititiri w’Ingabo

wagombaga kujyayo. Mbere yuko ngenda nari namukoreye impapuro ariko ntiyari ahari.

Ndakeka ko Jenerali Nsabimana ari we bamusimbuje, birashoboka ko yongerewe ku

rutonde kugira ngo asimburMinisitiri w’Ingabo jye namaze kuva i Kigali114

». Koloneli Bagosora nawe yabwiye abari baje gukora iperereza Arusha bayobowe n’umucamanza Bruguière ko jenerali Nsabimana atar’azi ko azajya i Dar- es- Salaam. Yagize ati : « Ibyaribyo byose, ibyo bintu byateguwe huti huti kuko ku itariki ya 04 nari kumwe na jenerali Nsabimana

kandi atazi ko hari aho azajya. Ku itariki ya 04 Mata, Jenerali Nsabimana ntiyarazi ko har’aho

azajya115

».

Abandi batangabuhamya bemeza ko iyoherezwa rya jenerali Nsabimana ryari rihishe imigambi mibisha y’intagondwa z’abahutu zari ziyobowe na koloneli Bagosora zashakaga gukora jenoside zimaze guhirika ubutegetsi. Umusirikare wo mu ngabo zahoze ar’iz’u Rwanda, Nsengiyumva Tharcisse, wari mu mutwe wa gisirikare wihariye wari ugizwe n’abasirikare bakoreshaga imbunda zagenewe kurwanya umwanzi watera aturutse mu kirere (L.A.A) yavuze ko icyemezo

113 Ibazwa ryakozwe na Komite i Rilima, kuwa 08 Kanama 2008 114 Ibazwa ryakozwe na Komité i Huye kuwa 20 Werurwe 2008 no kuwa 30 Kamena 2008 115 Ibazwa rya Koloneli Bagosora Ryakozwe n’umucamanza Bruguière, Arusha, kuwa 18 Gicurasi 2000

34

cyo kohereza Nsabimana i Dar-es-Salaam cyafashwe na Bagosora kugira ngo abone uko ashyira mu bikorwa umugambi wa jenoside Nsabimana atemeraga uko wakabaye. Birashoboka ko Bagosora yaba yarohereje Nsabimana muri Tanzaniya kugira ngo abonereho umwanya wo gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi we wo gukora jenoside no guhirika ubutegetsi yateguraga, Nsabimana na Minisitiri w’Ingabo badahari :

« Nabaye umushoferi wa Bagosora igihe yari komanda w’ikigo cya Kanombe nyuma

y’urupfu rwa Koloneli Mayuya. Ku itariki ya 05 Mata 1994 ahagana isaa kumi (16h),

Bagosora war’umuyobozi w’ibiro bya Minisitiri w’ingabo, yahamagaye [jenerali]

Nsabimana kuri telefoni amumenyesha ko azajyana na perezida Habyarimana. Hari

kuwa kabiri. Impamvu yatumye ashaka ko Nsabimana ajyana na Perezida Habyarimana

ni uko Nsabimana atemeranyaga na Bagosora ku mugambi wo gukora jenoside wari

uriho ndetse n’uburyo uzashyirwa mu bikorwa. Bagosora yashakaga kwikiza Nsabimana

kugira ngo ashobore gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi we ari nta n’umwe umubangamiye 116

».

Ku kibazo cyo gushaka kumenya ukuntu umu Kaporali usanzwe yashoboye kumenya ayo makuru yasubije agira ati :

« Ku itariki ya 08 Mata 1994, ubwo nari kumwe na Ajida Nduwamungu nahuye na

major Dogiteri Kazenga, umusirikare mukuru w’umuganga wakoraga ku bitaro bya

gisirikare by’i Kanombe twari tuziranye. Yatubwiye ko yashakaga kujya kutugurira

Fanta mu kabari kari’ i Kanombe kitwaga la Majorette. Twaganiriye ku bibazo igihugu

cyari kirimo muri icyo gihe, cyane cyane ku rupfu rwa Habyarimana. Major Kazenga

yatubwiye ko Nsabimana atarazi ko yagombaga kujya mu butumwa mu mahanga, ko

kugenda kwe byapanzwe na Koloneli Bagosora ku munota wa nyuma. Kazenga

yatubwiye ko Bagosora yatelefonnye Nsabimana ku itariki ya 05 Mata ahagana mu ma

saa kumi (16h) amumenyesha ko azajyana na perezida Habyarimana. Major Kazenga

yongeyeho ko nk’umuyobozi w’ibiro muri Minisiteri y’Ingabo Bagosora, yafashe

icyemezo cyo kohereza Nsabimana kuberako we na Perezida Habyarimana batari

bashyigikiye igitekerezo cyo kwica Abatutsi bose Bagosora yashakaga. Kugira ngo

abigereho Bagosora afatanyije n’abasirikare bakuru b’intagondwa bacuze umugambi

w’uko Nsabimana aherekeza Habyarimana, kugira ngo babice bombi, hanyuma

bakoreshe icyo cyuho basize ku buyobozi bw’igihugu n’ ubw’ingabo bashyire mu

bikorwa umugambi wa Jenoside117

».

Jean Berchmans Birara nawe yemeza igitekerezo kivuga ko Nsabimana atarashyigikiye umugambi wo gukora jenoside, anavuga ko jenerali Nsabimana yari mu bantu bashyiraga mu gaciro, yagize ati : « yashoboye kuburizamo gutangiza ubwicanyi inshuro eshatu zose ». bwagombaga «gutangira kuwa 23 Werurwe i saa sita z’ijoro bukarangira kucyumweru ku itariki

ya 27 werurwe, i saa cumi n’ebyiri za mugitondo ; perezida wagombaga gutanga itegeko ryo

gutangiza ubwicanyi ntiyaritanze kuko yarimo yakira intumwa z’abanyamahanga zari zaje mu

116 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, Kuwa 04 Kamena 2008 117 Ibidem

35

Rwanda. Kubakira byagejeje isa saba n’igice z’ijoro (24/03/1994). Byose byigijweyo118

». Kapiteni Nsengiyumva Théogène, war’umusirikare mukuru mu ngabo z’u Rwanda z’icyo gihe nawe yavuze ko kutunvikana gukabije kwarangwaga hagati ya Bagosora na Nsabimana kubijyanye n’uburyo ikibazo cya politike cyari mu Rwanda cyakemurwa, ibi akaba aribyo bishobora kuba impamvu yatumye amwohereza i Dar-es-Salaam kugirango ashobore gutegura nta nkomyi ibyagombaga kuba :

« Mu gihe cy’intambara nayobowe na Koloneli Nsabimana imyaka ibiri mu Mutara

ataragirwa umugaba w’ingabo. Yari umusirikare wo mu rwego rwo hejuru wobonaga

ibintu mu rwego ruhanitse kandi wabonaga ko abasirikare bari barambiwe intambara.

Yar’azi ibibazo by’abasirikare kurusha abandi basirikare bakuru babaga i Kigali nka

Bagosora. Nsabimana ntiyabonaga kimwe nabo uburyo ibibazo byari mu gihugu

byakemurwa. Kubera iyo mpamvu birumvikana ko yarabangamiye abantu bose

batashakaga ko haboneka umuti wa burundu ku kibazo cy’intambara yari yugarije

igihugu biciye mu nzira y’amahoro119

». Mu by’ukuri, nubwo Jenerali Nsabimana, afatanyije n’abasikare bakuru b’intagondwa barimo koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva, bagize uruhare mu guha inyito umwanzi w’igihugu no gushyira ahagaragara uwariwe ubwo bavugaga ko ari Umututsi n’Umuhutu utishimiye ubutegetsi bwariho120 no kuba yagaragazaga ko yanga Abatutsi 121, birashoboka ko atarashyigikiye umugambi wa jenoside nkuko yari yarateguwe na bagenzi be mu kazi bar’intagondwa ku murusha, arinabyo byaberaga abo bagenzi be inzitizi batashakaga ko perezida ashyiraho inzego za leta y’inzibacyuho nkuko yari yateganyije ku bikora ku itariki ya 08 mata 1994, akimara kuva mu nama y’i Dar-es-Salaam. Hari ibindi bintu bibiri bituma umuntu yakwibaza ku mpamvu z’iyoherezwa rya jenerali Nsabimana mu nama y’i Dar-es-Salaam. Icya mbere nuko impapuro ze zimwemerera kujya mu butumwa mu mahanga yazishyikirijwe iwe mu rugo hadakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa, ikindi n’uburyo Perezida wa Repubulika yatunguwe amubonye ku kibuga mu gitondo ku itariki ya 06 Mata 1994 bigaragaza ko Perezida wa Repubulika ashobora kuba atarazi ko agiye kujyana n’umugaba w’ingabo ze, ibi nabyo bikaba byatera kwibaza. Koko rero, abasirikare bagendanaga na Perezida Habyarimana, bavuga ko Perezida ageze ku kibuga cy’i Kanombe ari hafi kurira indege, yatangajwe no kubona Jenerali Nsabimana ari iruhande rw’urwego rw’indege ari umwe mu bari bamuherekeje. Nk’uko abo batangabuhamya babivuga, Perezida yerekanye ko atangajwe cyane no kumubona, ashaka kugira icyo akora ariko ariyumanganya mbere yo kwinjira mu ndege. Ese Perezida yaba yarigizaga nkana kugira ngo agaragaze ko atari we washatse ko bajyana cyangwa se birashoboka ko yaba ntacyo yari abiziho bikaba byaramutunguye usibye ko biramutse ari uko byari bimeze byaba ari ibintu bidasanzwe. Ibyo ari byo byose Perezida yashoboraga no kubuza Nsabimana kugenda.

118Ubuhamya bwa Jean Birara muri dosiye n° 02.02545 N94 C8, yo mu Bushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bw’i Buruseli, kuwa 26 Gicurasi 1994, Inyandiko mvugo n° 734 n’imigereka (reba dosiye ya Ntuyahaga 1/946) 119 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite mu Bugesera (Gako), Kuwa 22 Kamena 2008. 120 Inyandiko yahaga inyito umwanzi yanditswe n’Ibiro Bikuru by’Ingabo z’ u Rwanda kuwa 21 Nzeri 1992 121 Inyandiko y’ibanga yanditswe na Nsabimana kuwa 26 Nyakanga 1993 igihe yari Umugaba Mukuru w'Ingabo yagaragazaga itotezwa ryakorerwaga abasirikare b’abahutu bakekwaho kuba abatutsi kubera ko bashyikiranaga nabo : Ibarwa n° 164/G2.1.3.1 yandikiwe Minisitiri w’Ingabo. Impamvu : Imyifatire y’Abasirikare.

36

Twagirayezu Innocent, umwe mu basirikare bagendanaga na Perezida Habyarimana yabidusobanuriye muri aya magambo :

« Twaherekeje Perezida mu gitondo kare, ku kibuga hakiri igihu. Ibyo nibuka neza kuko

nari hafi yabo, n’igihe Perezida yageze imbere ya CASTAR122

, wahise amuterera i saluti,

hanyuma Perezida akamwitegereza cyane akanya kanini mbere yo kumubaza niba nawe

yar’umwe mu bagenda. Umugaba w’Ingabo yamusubije ko nawe yari yahawe impapuro

z’Ubutumwa zimwohereza mu nama Perezida yaragiyemo. Perezida yabaye

nk’ubishidikanyaho gato nuko bombi bahita binjirana mu ndege 123

».

Na none, Koloneli Bagosora yabwiye umucamanza w’umufaransa Jean-Louis Bruguière ko, kuva Habyarimana yafata ubutegetsi muri 1973, atari yarigeze abona ajyana na rimwe mu rugendo n’umugaba w’ingabo cyangwa se uwa Jandarumori124. Abandi batangabuhamya babiri, bakoranaga hafi na Perezida Habyarimana nabo bemeje iby’umugore wa Nsabimana yavuze. Jean-Marie Vianney Mvulirwenande wari umujyanama wa Perezida mu by’itangazamakuru kuva muri 1992 kugeza muri 1994, yavuze ko Perezida wa Repubulika n’umugaba w’ingabo bataviraga mu gihugu rimwe kandi ko uko kutaba mu gihugu icyarimwe bitashoboraga kubaho mu gihe na Minisitiri w’Ingabo atarahari :

« Uko byari bisanzwe, ubutumwa bwabaga bugiwemo n’intumwa zo mu rwego rwo

hejuru nk’izari zigiye mu nama y’i Dar-es- Salaam muri mata 1994, ni Perezida wa

Repubulika wasinyaga bwa nyuma impapuro zimerera abantu kujya mu butumwa mu

mahanga umuyobozi w’ibiro bye cyangwa umwe mu bajyanama be babaga bamweretse.

Gutegura ubutumwa bujya mu mahanga babikoraga bafatanyije na minisiteri y’ububanyi

n’amahanga ariko ni Perezida wasinyaga ku rupapuro rwabaga rwanditseho amazina

y’abagombaga kugenda. Nkurikije uko ibintu byagendaga, ndakeka ko ari Perezida wa

Repubulika wafashe icyemezo kirebana no kugenda kwa Nsabimana, ariko ndagira ngo

mbabwire ko atari jye jyenyine watangajwe no kubona Nsabimana ari umwe mu bantu

badusanze i Dar-es- Salaam. Navuye mu Rwanda ku itariki ya 05 mata 1994 kandi

ndibuka ko Nsabimana atarari ku rutonde rw’abantu bagombaga kujya i Dar-es-Salaam,

kandi tumubonye i Dar-es-Salaam, twibajije ibibazo byinshi ku mpamvu zamuzanye mu

nama. Kuri jye, yari incuro ya mbere mbibonye, kandi nk’umujyanama waPerezida mu

by’itangaza makuru naherekeje Perezida inshuro nyinshi. Nijye wandikaga amatangazo

agenewe abanyamakuru nyuma y’imibonano Perezida yabaga yagize sinari narigeze

narimwe mbona Perezida yaherekejwe n’Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo, yaba Nsabimana

cyangwa se Serubuga wamubanjirije. Ni nayo mpamvu havuzwe amagambo menshi kuri

ruriya rugendo ». Mvulirwenande yasobanuye kandi uburyo impapuro z’abasirikare bakuru bagombaga kujya mu butumwa mu mahanga zakorwaga agaragaza uruhare rukomeye koloneli Bagosora yabigiragamo mu rwego rw’akazi ke nk’umuyobozi w’ibiro bya minisitiri muri minisiteri y’ingabo :

122 CASTAR ni Izina ry’Irihimbano rya Jenerali Nsabimana. 123 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, kuwa 28 Gashyantare 2008 124 Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga y’Iperereza yakoreye Arusha mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda, urubanza rwo kuwa 18 Gicurasi 2000

37

« Kubera ko Minisitiri w’Ingabo yari mu butumwa, umuyobozi w’ibiro muri Minisiteri

y’Ingabo, Koloneli Bagosora, niwe wari ufite ububasha bwo gutunganya impapuro

z’aboherezwa mu butumwa. Byanabonekaga kandi ko Koloneli Bagosora yari afite

ububasha buruta ubwa Minisitiri wari umusivili kandi wari warashyizweho mu bihe

bikomeye, asimbura James Gasana wari umaze kuva mu gihugu mu buryo

budasobanutse. Bagosora yarafite ububasha bwinshi, wabonaga ko ari nkawe

wayoboraga minisiteri y’ingabo, birashoboka ko yaba ari we wasabye ko Nsabimana

yoherezwa mu nama y’i Dar-es- Salaam125

».

Kamana François, umwe mu basirikare baherekezaga Habyarimana kuva mu1980 kugeza muri 1994, kandi wari wajyanye nawe mu nama y’i Dar-es- Salaam yavuze ibisa n’ibyo Jean-Marie Vianney Mvulirwenande yavuze, anavuga ko abantu benshi batigeze bumva impamvu umugaba w’ingabo z’u Rwanda yagiye mu nama y’i Dar-es-Salaam:

« Iyo abantu babiri cyangwa benshi babaga bari bujye mu butumwa mu mahanga,

hakorwaga irupapuro rwabugenewe rumwe, amazina yabo yose agashyirwaho hanyuma

perezida wa repubulika akarusinya. Ku rupapuro rutwemerera kujya mu butumwa i Dar-

es- Salaam, twahawe tutarava i Kigali, nta mazina ya Sagatwa na Nsabimana yari ariho.

Ibyo ndabyemeza nta shiti. Sagatwa yagombaga kuyjya muri leta zunz’ubumwe

z’Amerika ku itariki ya 06 mata, kandi niboneye ubwanjye urwandiko rumwemerera

kujya muri ubwo butumwa, ubwo najyaga gufata paseporo yanjye muri Minisiteri

y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga. Icyemezo cyo kumwohereza mu nama y’i Dar-es- Salaam

gishoboka kuba cyaraje bitinze.

Icyo nibajije maze gusoma ibyari ku murongo w’ibyiga w’inama yagombaga kwiga ku

bibazo by’u Burundi, ni impamvu yatumye perezida Habyarimana ajyana n’umugaba

w’ingabo kandi igihugu kiri mu ntambara. Umwanya narimo w’umurinzi wa Perezida

ntabwo wanyemereraga kumenya byinshi ariko icyo kibazo naracyibajije kuko

ntashoboye kumva impamvu Perezida yaje mu nama ahanini yagombaga kwiga ku bibazo

by’u Burundi azanye n’Umugaba w’Ingabo. Ibyo ntabwo byari byarigeze kuba ko bombi

bajyana mu butumwa.

Naketse ko Nsabimana yazanye na Perezida mu rwego rwo gutegura ibikorwa bya

gisirikare byo mu rwego ruhanitse noneho Perezida agashaka ko umugaba w’ingabo aba

ahari kugira ngo abahe inama ijyanye nabyo. Ariko siko byagenze. Ndagira ngo na none

nongereho ko ubusanzwe iyo rwabaga ari urugendo rw’umunsi umwe, Perezida wa

Repubulika atajyanaga na Sagatwa. Naherekeje Perezida wa Repubulika inshuro nyinshi

nasanze mu ngendo ngufi nka ruriya, Sagatwa yarasigaraga mu gihugu. Nk’uko nabivuze

haruguru, Sagatwa yagombaga kujya muri Amerika, sinigeze menya impamvu

z’impinduka yabaye muri gahunda ku munota wa nyuma Sagatwa akoherezwa i Dar-es-

Salaam126

».

125 Ibazwa ryakozwe na Komite i Karongi, kuwa 13 Nzeri 2008 126 Ibazwa ryakozwe na Komite i Rwamagana, kuwa 21 Nzeri 2008

38

Komite yitaye ku mategeko ngenga mikorere ya Minisiteri y’Ingabo y’icyo gihe kugira ngo isuzume ububasha bw’umuyobozi w’Ibiro bya Minisitiri, nuko isanga ari we wasimburaga Minisitiri mu gihe yabaga adahari kandi yarafite ububasha bwo gufata ibyemezo bikomeye mu rwego rw’imiyoborere ya Minisiteri harimo no guha abakozi uburenganzira bwo kujya mu butumwa mu mahanga no kubasinyira impapuro zabugenewe. Amabwiriza ya Minisitiri arebana n’imikorere ya za serivisi zo muri Minisiteri y’ingabo igihe Minisitiri adahari asobanura ububasha bw’umuyobozi w’ibiro bya Minisitiri muri aya magambo :

« Iyo Minisitiri w’Ingabo adahari, umuyobozi w’ibiro bya minisitri niwe umusimburaga

by’agateganyo akita ku bibazo byose bya Minisiteri. Iyo yabaga amusimbuye

by’agateganyo yari yemerewe kuzuza inshingano za minisiti zirimo gusinya impapuro

zose zijyanye n’imitegekere n’imicungire ya minisiteri zisanzwe zisinywa na minisitiri

no kuzuza izindi nshingano zijyanye n’ububasha butahawe ibiro by’Umugaba

w’Ingabo(…) umuyobozi w’ingabo yitaga ku bibazo ashyikirijwe n’amashami na za

serivisi zikorikira :

- Ubuyobozi bushinzwe ubutegetsi n’amategeko : Imicungire y’abakozi n’ibijyanye

n’amategeko

- Ubuyobozi bushinzwe ibibazo by’umutekano w’igihugu hanze yacyo : umutekano

n’ibikorwa bya gisirikare

- Ubuyobozi bushinzwe abasirikare bavuye ku rugerero: ibibazo by’imibereho myiza

n’abasezerewe mu ngabo

- Ishami gashinzwe ubutwererane bwa gisirikare: ubutwererane bwa gisirikare

- Ishami gashinzwe imibanire : itangazamakuru, ibirori n’imibanire

- Ishami gashinzwe amakuru n’inyandiko: umutekano w’igisirikare, amakuru ya

minisitiri w’ingabo n’imicungire y’ishami rishinzwe gukwirakwiza amakuru ya

minisiteri y’ingabo

-Agashami gashinzwe inyigo na za porogramu : Inyigo, igenamigambi n’amasomo ya gisirikare.

(…) umuyobozi w’ibiro bya Minisitiri ashobora gutumiza no kuyobora amanama

y’abagaba b’ingabo na jandarumori n’abayobozi b’amashami muri Minisiteri y’ingabo 127

».

Biragaragara ko Bagosora yateguraga guhirika ubutegetsi ; nta gitangaje kuba yarashoboraga gukora ibishoboka byose ngo yikize Perezida wa Repubulika, umugaba w’ingabo cyangwa undi muntu wese wajyaga kumubangamira mu mugambi we. Bibaye ukundi nibwo byatangaza.

Uko inama yagenze n’uburyo indege yo mu bwoko bwa Falcon 50 yagarutse

Inama yari yahurije hamwe abakuru b’ibihugu bya Ugand, Tanzaniya, u Burundi, u Rwanda na VisiPerezida wa Kenya, Perezida wa Zayire wagombaga kuyitabira yahinduye gahunda ku munota wa nyuma, yayobowe na Nyakubahwa Alli Hassan Mwinyi, Perezida wa Repubulika yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya akaba n’umuhuza mu bibazo by’u Rwanda n’ u Burundi. Inama ikimara gutangira ku mugaragaro nko mu ma saa sita (isaha yo muri Tanzaniya), perezida Habyarimana yavuze ko inzitizi zo gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’ Arusha zavuyeho kandi ko nta kintu na kimwe cyari gisigaye cyagombaga kubuza inzego z’ubutegetsi ziteganyijwe mur’ayo masezerano kujyaho akimara kugera i Kigali. Nkuko bigaragara muri raporo y’abakozi 127 Amabwiriza ya Minisitiri w’Ingabo, Dr James Gasana, adafite itariki.

39

b’umuryango w’abibumbye bari bayobowe na Ingvar Carlson aho banditse ibyavuzwe n’abategetsi ba Tanzaniya: « ibiganiro by’i Dar-es-Salaam byagenze neza kuko Perezida Habyarimana yari yiyemeje gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’Arusha

128 ».

Icyizere cyo gukemura ikibazo cy’u Rwanda cyemejwe na Bwana Déo Ngendahayo, wari umwe mu ntumwa z’u Burundi muri iyo nama: « ikibazo cy’u Rwanda cyavuzweho akanya gato kuko inama igitangira, perezida w’u Rwanda yabwiye abari mu nama ko kubirebana n’u Rwanda yari

yiteguye gushyiraho inzego ziteganywa n’amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha akimara gusubira

mu gihugu. Inama yahise yiga ku kibazo cy’umutekano mu Burundi, ubwo Perezida w’u Burundi

yabwiye bagenzi be inzitizi yahuye nazo ubwo yagerageje gukora impinduka mu gisirikare cy’u

Burundi kandi izo mpinduka zidakozwe umutekano udashobora kugaruka129».

Bigeze nko mu ma saa cumi abaderevu b’abafaransa batwaraga indege ya Perezida Habyarimana babona ko bishoboka ko indege iribusubire i Kigali mw’ijoro, basaba umwe mu basirikare bari baherekeje Perezida witwaga Kaporali Salathiel Senkeri wari wasigaye ku ndege ngo abibwire perezida Habyarimana. Abaderevu batanze igitekerezo cyuko indege yarara igasubira i Kigali ku munsi ukurikira kuko bavugaga ko bari bafite amakuru avugako indege yashoboraga guhanurwa. Kaporali Senkeri avuga ko yabonye abaderevu batishimye igihe bari ku kibuga cy’i Dar-es-Salaam bamaze kubona ko ibyo bavuze bitahawe agaciro kuko babonaga bagiye gusubira i Kigali uwo mugoroba yagize ati :

« Nari kumwe na mugenzi wanjye twakoranaga witwa Nzabirinda n’umwe mu bakozi

bakoraga ku ndege ya Perezida ku kibuga cy’indege cy’i Dar-es- Salaam dutegereje ko

Perezida Habyarimana aza. Bigeze nko mu ma saa kumi, batubwiye ko Perezida aje.

Mbere gato yuko Perezida aza, umuderevu w’indege yaje aho twari turi adusaba kubwira

Perezida wacu ko bitari byiza gutaha kuri ariya masaha. Namubajije impamvu imuteye

impungenge ansubiza ko yari afite amakuru avuga ko indege ya Perezida yashoboraga

kuraswa. Nahise mubwira ko nta bubasha bwo kuvugana na peresida mfite mpita musaba

ko yabibwira Majoro Mageza, wari Umuyobozi wa Porotokole. Yahise asanga bagenzi

be babiri bakoranaga ku ndege nuko aganira nabo.

Nahise njya kureba major Mageza mubwira ayo makuru umuderevu yaramaze kumbwira.

Ubwo twaganiraga, abakozi bo ku ndege badusanze aho twaganiriraga. Nahise nigirayo

kugira ngo mbahe urubuga baganire. Sinumvaga ibyo bavuga ariko nari hafi yabo

nabonaga amarenga Major Mageza yacaga amarenga asa n’ayabumvishaga ko

bagomba gutaha i Kigali nta gisibya. Hashize akanya, Perezida Habyarimana araza

bahagarika ikiganiro130

».

Andi makuru avuga ko abategetsi ba Tanzaniya basabye perezida Habyarimana gusubika gusubira i kigali kubera ko inama yarangiye bwije ariko Habyarimana akabyanga. Raporo y’umuryango w’abibumbye ibivuga muri aya magambo : « abo komisiyoy’iperereza yabajije

128 Raporo ya Loni, urup.16 129 Deo Ngendahayo : Umuyobozi w’Ibiro Bikuru by’Iperereza by’u Burundi, wabajijwe na Komite i Bujumbura, kuwa 28 Gashyantare 2008 130 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, kuwa 28 Gahyantare 2008

40

muri Tanzaniya bashubize ko bari bagiriye Perezida inama yo gusiba akazataha ku munsi

ukurikira, we akavuga ko agomba kurara atashye131

».

Kamana François, umwe mu basirikare bagendanaga na Perezida yavuze ko ibyangombwa byose byari byakozwe kugira ngo intumwa z’u Rwanda zari zitabiriye inama y’i Dar-es- Salaam ziharare: « Mbere y’uko Habyarimana yinjira mu cyumba inama yaberagamo, umusirikare wari

ushinzwe umutekano we ari nawe wari unkuriye, Kapiteni Léopold Mujyambere, yaje kutubwira

ko Perezida ari burare. Hanyuma, asohotse mu nama, nabonye Perezida ahise agana ku Kibuga

cy’indege. Abatwaraga indege bagejeje izo mpungenge zo gusubira i Kigali nijoro kuri Koloneli

Sagatwa ariko icyemezo cyo gutaha nticyahinduka 132

».

Umujyanama wa Perezida Habyarimana mu by’itumanaho, Mvulirwenande Jean-Marie Vianney, avuga ko yumvise bamwe mu ntumwa z’u Rwanda bari basigaye Dar-es-Salaam bababajwe n’urupfu rwa Habyarimana bavuga ko Perezida Mwinyi yari yamutumiye kurara Dar-es-Salaam akamuhakanira : « Ibyo babivuze bacyumva ko yapfuye133». Naho Perezida Ntaryamira w’u Burundi, niwe ubwe wasabye kujya mu ndege y’u Rwanda Falcon 50. Iye ndege ntiyari imeze neza inagenda buhoro, kandi Perezida Ntaryamira yarifuzaga kugera i Bujumbura vuba. Nuko lero yasabye Perezida Habyarimana ko bajyana i Kigali mu ndege imwe, ya Falcon 50 y’u Rwanda, yabagezayo igahita imujyana i Bujumbura hanyuma iyo ndege ikagaruka mu Rwanda iryo joro. Iyi nkuru yatanzwe n’ababyumvise barimo Koloneli Térence Cishahayo wari umunyaruhago wa Perezida Ntaryamira :

« Inama irangiye, ubwo nari ngiye gufata isakoshi ya Perezida Ntaryamira, numva

abajije Perezida Habyarimana niba bishoboka ko bajyana mu ndege imwe kuko bwari

bwije kandi indege ya Perezida Ntaryamira ishaje itameze neza. Ndibuka ko hari hashize

iminsi ibiri i Gbadolite, Perezida Mobutu niwe wasabye Perezida Habyarimana ngo

ajyane mu ndege ye na Perezida Ntaryamira kuko yari yinubiye ukuntu indege ye itameze

neza134

.»

Hasigaye akanya gato ngo indege ihaguruke, hari igikorwa cyabonetse cyateye impungenge hagati y’abari baherekeje Perezida Habyarimana. Ubwo Perezida Habyarimana yari mu ndege, yaritegereje abona habuzemo Umukuru w’Ingabo z’Igihugu, Jenerali Nsabimana wari wasigaye hasi hamwe na Dogiteri Akingeneye batashakaga kugenda. Perezida Habyarimana ahita asohoka mu ndege, abategeka kwinjira mu ndege bakajyana nawe. Kaporali Senkeri wari uhari arasobanura uko byagenze: « Ubusanzwe, iyo twagiraga urugendo hamwe na Perezida, yinjiraga mu ndege

ubwanyuma, ni nako byagenze igihe twari i Dar-es-Salam. Igihe ageze mu ndege yabonye ko

Jenerali Nsabimana na Dogiteri Akingeneye batari muri yo. Abo bombi bari bihishe iruhande

rwibaba rimwe ry’indege. Habyarimana asohoka mu ndege kandi bitabaho narimwe

arahamagara, Akingeneye arihe? Araza arigaragaza, Nsabimana arihe? Nawe araza

131 Raporo ya Loni, urup.16 132 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rwamagana, kuwa 21 Nzeri 2008 133 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Karongi, kuwa 13 Nzeri 2008 134 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Bujumbura, kuwa 28 Mata 2008

41

arigaragaza. Hanyuma arababaza kuki mutinjira mu ndege? Barasubiza ngo bagize ngo

ntamyanya irimo kuko bari bashyizemo Abarundi. Perezida Habyarimana arababwira ati «

mwinjire vuba tugende. Barinjira indege irahaguruka135

. »

Urugendo rw’indege ya Falcon 50 rwari rwahindutse bitewe n’uko yari yakererewe guhagurukira igihe cyari cyateganijwe mbere. Kuri gahunda nshya, intumwa z’u Rwanda zagombaga kugera i Kanombe saa mbiri na makumyabiri n’itandatu ku isaha yo mu Rwanda. Iyo gahunda y’urugendo yamenyeshejwe umunara ugenzura indege ku kibuga cya Kanombe, nko mu ma saa moya y’umugoroba. Hasigaye akanya gato ngo Falcon 50 yinjire mu kirere cy’u Rwanda136. Abasigaye mubari baherekeje Perezida Habyarimana bahagurutse i Dar-es-Salaam nyuma y’iminota mirongo itatu indege ya Habyarimana ihagurutse. Bazanye n’indege y’Abarundi Beachcraft yari yazanye Perezida Ntaryamira mu nama mu gitondo cya kare137. Gahunda ya mbere y’urugendo rwa Beachcraft kwari kugenda Dar-es-Salaam-Bujumbura ntaho ihagaze. Ariko nyuma y’icyemezo cya Perezida Ntaryamira cyo guhagarara i Kigali, urugendo rwari rwateganijwe rurahinduka bafata indi nzira. Kuva ubwo rero Beachcraft yagombaga guca i Kigali izanye igice cyimwe cy’intumwa z’u Rwanda bari bimukiye abategetsi bakuru b’i Burundi bari baje muri Falcon hamwe na Perezida Habyarimana na Ntaryamira138. Bageze hejuru ya Mwanza, Koloneli Nihana wari wungirije uyoboye indege yaagerageje kuvugana n’umunara w’i Kanombe ku murongo usanzwe wa 124.3Mhz. Yagerageje kenshi birananirana. Nyuma yagerageje undi murongo 118.3Mhz noneho ashobora kuvugana n’umunara wa Kanombe aliko ntiyashobora kuvugana n’umugenzuzi w’ikirere. Umuntu bavuganye yari afite ubwoba bwinshi, amumenyesha ko indege Falcon 50 yarimo abakuru b’ibihugu byombi yahanutse. Uyoboye indege y’Abarundi yashakaga kugwa i Kanombe. Uwo bavuganaga amumenyesha ko ntawarokotse n’umwe kandi ko amatara yo ku kibuga yazimye. Nibwo Nihana yumvise irindi jwi rimutegeka kutagwa; iryo jwi rihita riceceka ritarangije n’interuro139. Koloneli Nihana ako kanya yahamagaye umunara w’ikibuga cy’indege cya Bujumbura bamumenyesha ko bari bamaze kumenya ko i Kigali hari ibibazo, babibwiwe n’inkuru bari bamaze gufata mu gihe bageragezaga guhamagara abari k’umunara wa Kanombe. Iyo nkuru yari hagati y’indege y’u Bubirigi C130 ifite inomero AFB 383 n’iradiyo iri ku butaka i Kigali, bavuga ko hari hamaze kuba ihanuka ry’indege mu nkengero z’ikibuga cya Kanombe140. Nihana wari wungirije uyoboye indege ubwo yasabye umunara wa Bujumbura kumwemerera guhindura gahunda y’urugendo rw’indege ngo ijye i Bujumbura nta handi inyuze. Ibyo lero nibyo byakozwe.

135 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, kuwa 28 Gashyantare 2008 136 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, kuwa 06 Werurwe 2008, bwatanzwe na Munyaneza Patrice, umuyobozi w’indege ziza n’izigenda wari mu munara w’ikibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe mw’ijoro ryo kuwa 06 Mata 1994 kugeza mu rukerera rwo kuwa 07 Mata 1994. 137 Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Koloneli Nihana bwakiriwe na Komite i Bujumbura kuwa 30 Mata 2008 138 Koloneli Nihana, ibidem 139 Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Koloneli Nihana bwakririwe na Komite i Bujumbura kuwa 30 Mata 2008 140 Koloneli Nihana, ibidem

42

Komanda w’ikibuga cy’indege cya Bujumbura, Koloneli Louis Murengerantwari, wari ku kazi ke uwo mugoroba yanditse uko yagiye yakira amakuru yo muri iryo joro. Ibyo yanditse yabishyikirije Komite nk’uko yabyanditse icyo gihe. Izo nyandiko zirerekana uko ibintu byagiye bikurikirana. Dore uko byagenze :

- « Umunara wo ku kibuga cy’indege cya Bujumbura wakiriye gahunda ya mbere y’urugendo rw’indege yaturutse Dar-es-Salaam ibamenyesha ko iyo ndege y’ubwoko

bwa Beachcraft yajyaga kunyura i Kigali ikahagera isaha enye z’ijoro hanyuma

ikaza kugera i Bujumbura isaha eshanu z’ijoro.

- Byenda kugera isaha imwe n’igice ku masaha y’i Burundi, abari k’umunara wo ku

kibuga cya Bujumbura babashije kuvugana n’abari kumunara wo ku kibuga cya

Kigali bashaka kumenya niba Perezida w’u Burundi yari ari mu ndege Falcon 50 y’u

Rwanda, ariko byenda kugera isaha ebyiri z’ijoro umurongo bavuganiragaho

urabura.

- Ku isaha 18.52 GMT k’umurongo wa 124.3Mhz n’uwa 118.3Mhz ku munara wa

Bujumbura bumvise ikiganiro hagati y’indege y’u Bubirigi C130 (AFP 683)

n’umuntu utarabashije kumeyekana wari i Kigali abwira abamuvugishaga muri iyo

ndege ko ikibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe cyari mu mwijima kuko amatara yari

yazimye, abamenyesha ko hari indege yari imaze guhanuka bugufi y’ikibuga, ko

amasasu yaturikiraga mu bice bikikije ikibuga, ababwira ko bagomba gusubira

inyuma bakajya ku kibuga cya Nairobi.

- Ku isaha 19.32 GMT abo muri ya ndege ya Beachcraft babashije kuvugana n’abari

ku munara w’ikibuga cya Bujumbura, aba bababwira ko k’umunara w’ikibuga cya

Kigali bari bamaze kubahamiriza ko indege ya Perezida w’u Rwanda yari imaze

guhanuka harimo ba Perezida bombi, ko kuri uwo munara w’i Kigali batari

bagisubiza ngo batange ibindi bisobanuro. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abayoboye iyo ndege

ya Beachcraft basaba uruhushya rwo kujya i Bujumbura aho kujya Kigali141

».

Ibyo guhanurwa kw’indege n’ibyakurikiyeho

Mu cyemezo cye cyategekaga ifatwa ry’aba ofisiye bakuru b’u Rwanda, umucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguière yavugaga ko afite ibyavugiwe mu munara w’ikibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe ku itariki ya 06 Mata 1994 akaba aribyo yafatiyeho kuvuga : « Ko iperereza ryakozwe ku byafatiwe ku majwi ku munara w’ikibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe byatumye hashobora kumenyekana uko indege zinyuranye zakoresheje icyo kibuga kuwa 06

mata 1994 ;

Ko ibyo byafashe amajwi byasuzumwe n’Inzobere mu iperereza rye bagasanga indege Falcon

ya Perezida w’u Rwanda nomero 50 9XRNN yari yahagurutse i Kigali ijya Dar-es-Salaam mu

gitondo saa kumi n’ebyiri n’iminota irindwi irimo abantu cumi n’umwe ; ko saa munani

141 Ubuhamya bwa Koloneli Murengerantwari bwakiriwe na Komite i Bujumbura, kuwa 28 Mata 2008

43

n’iminota mirongo itanu n’umwe na saa kumi n’iminota ibiri hakiriwe telefoni ebyiri zivuga kuza

kw’indege ya Perezida yagombaga guhaguruka isaa kumi n’imwe z’umugoroba. Nyuma saa

kumi n’iminota mirongo ine n’umwe telefoni ziturutse mu bashinzwe kurinda Perezida zaje bafite

impungenge z’isaha indege iza kuhagerera, kandi ko hagati ya saa kumi n’imwe n’iminota itatu

n’isaa kumi n’ebyiri n’iminota mirongo itatu n’irindwi, abantu banyuranye bari bahamagaye ku

munara w’ikibuga babaza ibyerekeye gahunda yo kugaruka kw’indege Falcon 50 kandi ko buri

wese wabazaga bamusubizaga ko indege itarahaguruka Dar-es-Salaam.

Ko byagaragaye ko gahunda y’urugendo rw’indege Falcon 50 itatanzwe kugeza isaha imwe

n’iminota makumyabiri n’umwe, umunara w’ikibuga cya Kanombe wamenyesheje Enock

Ruhigira ko indege ya Perezida yajyaga kugera i Kigali isaha ebyiri n’igice kandi ko isaha

ebyiri n’iminota umunani abari batwaye iyo ndege Falcon 50 bahamagaye umunara w’ikibuga

cy’indege cya Kanombe batanga gahunda y’iyo ndege ko iza kuva i Kigali ijya Bujumbura, ko

bagombaga guhaguruka isaha ebyiri n’iminota mirongo ine itwaye Perezida w’Uburundi.

Ko isaha ebyiri n’iminota makumyabiri n’umwe indege Falcon 50 9XRNN yamenyesheje

umunara ko igeze bugufi naho umunara nawo uyiha amabwiriza y’inzira igomba kunyuramo

kugirango igere ku kibuga. Komanda w’indege yari yavuze ko yifuza kumanukira ku kayira

kaboneza kuri makumyabiri n’umunani kandi ko aribwongere kubahamagara amaze gushyira ku

murongo ibyuma bifasha indege kugera hasi.

Ko ntabundi butumwa bwongeye koherezwa ku munara kugeza isaha ebyiri n’iminota

makumyabiri n’itanu ubwo amatara yerekana ko indege iri mu kaga yatangiye kwaka. Dukurikije uko KIBAT (Kigali Batallion) yabyanditse, ko kw’italiki ya 06 mata 1994 indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yarashwe ibisasu ahagana isaa mbiri n’igice by’umugoroba. Kibat yari batayo y’Ababiligi muri MINUAR yari ishinzwe segiteri ya Kigali kandi niyo yari nini cyane kurusha izindi ifite abasirikare magana ane na mirongo itanu kandi ifite n’ibikoresho bihagije Ni yo rero yari ku isonga rya MINUAR. Ababibonye bose bahuza ko indege yaguye mu busitani bw’aho Perezida yari atuye mu metero magana atanu gusa uturutse ku Kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe bugufi y’ikibuga cy’indege. Abari muri iyo ndege bose barahashiriye aribo aba bakurikira :

1. Juvénal Habyarimana, Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda ; 2. Jenerali Déogratias Nsabimana, umugaba w’ingabo z’u Rwanda (FAR); 3. Majoro Thaddée Bagaragaza, umunyaruhago wa Perezida Habyarimana ; 4. Koloneli Elie Sagatwa, umunyamabanga wihariye wa Perezida Habyarimana ; 5. Ambasaderi Juvénal Renzaho, umujyanama mu bya politike mu biro bya Perezida ; 6. Dogiteri Emmanuel Akingeneye, muganga wa Perezida Habyarimana; 7. Cyprien Ntaryamira, Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Burundi ; 8. Bernard Ciza, minisitiri w’itumanaho w’u Burundi ; 9. Cyriaque Simbizi, minisitiri w’igenamigambi w’u Burundi ; 10. Jacky Héraud, kapiteni w’indege; 11. Jean-Pierre Minaberry, wari wungirije kapiteni ; 12. Jean-Michel Perrine, umukanishi w’indege iri mu kirere.

44

Nta perereza ryakozwe kw’ihanurwa ry’indege

Nta perereza na rimwe ryigeze rikorwa, habe iry’inzego z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zari mu Rwanda, habe iry’ingabo z’u Rwanda (FAR) habe irya guverinoma y’abatabazi, cyangwa iry’urundi rwego urwo ari rwo rwose rubifitiye ubushobozi. Hatanzwe ibitekerezo binyuranye by’uko iryo perereza ryakorwa, ariko ntacyo byagezeho ngo hashyirweho komisiyo mpuzamahanga yo gukora iryo prereza. MINUAR ikimara kubona inkuru ko indege yahanuwe yihutiye gukora uko ishoboye kose kugirango irinde aho indege yahanukiye kugirango iperereza rigomba kubaho muri bene izo mpanuka rizorohe. Aliko abasirikare barinda Perezida bari bashinzwe kurinda aho hantu babujije MINUAR kuhagera. Nyamara hakurikijwe amasezerano y’umutekano w’Umujyi wa Kigali, MINUAR niyo yari ifite inshingano zo kugira icyo ikora kuri bene ibyo bibazo. Mu buhamya bwo ku wa 25 Gashyantare 1998 Jenerali Dallaire yatangiye imbere y’urukiko mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda mu rubanza rw’Akayezu yavuze ko kw’itariki ya 06 Mata ni mugoroba amaze kumenya ko indege yahanuwe, yasabye Komanda wa MINUAR muri segiteri ya Kigali, Koloneli Luc Marchal kohereza ako kanya abasirikare bo kuzenguruka bakarinda aho indege yahanukiye kugirango hazabeho iperereza mpuzamahanga aliko ko ingabo zishinzwe kurinda Perezida zababujije kuhagera :

« Nta narimwe twigeze twemererwa kugera aho hantu kuko byategetswe kandi bikabuzwa

n’ingabo zirinda Perezida zari zihari.»142

». Jenerali Dallaire, uwo mugoroba byenda kugera mu ijoro hagati, yari mu biro bikuru by’ingabo mu kigo cya Kigali. Mu gihe yari akivugana kuri telefoni n’intumwa yihariye y’umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye Jacques Roger Booh-Booh, abasirikare bakuru b’Abafaransa baje kumusaba kubemerera gukora iperereza kuri iyo mpanuka arabangira kuko yari azi ko Abafaransa bari bafite uruhande babogamiyeho :

« (…) abajyanama mu bya gisirikare b’Ababiligi n’Abafaransa baje ku rugi rw’ibiro

basaba bakomeje ko habaho iperereza ako kanya ry’ihanuka ry’indege, kuko i Bangui

muri Repubulika ya Centrafrique, Abafaransa bari bafite inzobere zishinzwe gusesengura

impanuka z’indege zashobora kuhagera mu masaha cumi n’abiri akurikiyeho.

Naraberuriye mbabwira ko ibyo bidashobora gukorwa n’Abafaransa. Twari tuzi ko

Abafaransa bari babogamiye ku ngabo za Leta y’u Rwanda, ko iperereza ryose bakora

ryaba ribogamye. Nababwiye ko nashoboraga kubona ikipe iturutse muri Otan cyangwa

se mu b’Anyamerika bari muri Somaliya bakaza bakahagera mu masaha mirongo ine

n’umunani kugirango bakore iryo perereza ; bagiye barakaye 143

». Mu ibaruwa yo kuwa kabiri Gicurasi 1994 Jenerali Dallaire yandikiye Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yamubwiye ko MINUAR yashakaga gushyiraho Komisiyo

142 Urubanza rw’Akayesu, Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Roméo Dallaire, TPIR (Arusha), Icyumba cya 1, kuwa 25 Gashyantare 1998 143 R. Dallaire, J’ai serré la main du diable,…urup.294

45

mpuzamahanga yo guperereza, amusaba kumubwira ibihugu yifuzaga kuba muri iyo komisiyo anamwibutsa ko batashoboye kugera aho indege yahanukiye kubera ko abasirikare b’u Rwanda bababujije kuhagera144. Mu gisubizo cyo ku wa 07 Gicurasi 1994 Minisitiri w’Intebe Jean Kambanda, yashubije Jenerali Dallaire ko iyo Komisiyo yagombaga kubamo u Bufaransa kandi akaba aribwo buba Perezida w’iyo Komisiyo, U Rwanda, Uburundi, Tanzaniya n’Umuryango mpuzamahanga ugenzura indege za gisivili.(OACI)145 Naho Ububirigi bwo kuko bwaregwaga n’intagondwa z’abahutu ko aribwo bwishe cyangwa bwagize uruhare mu rupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana 146 bwifuzaga ko iryo perereza rikorwa vuba cyane. Nuko ku wa 12 Mata 1994 bwandikira umuryango mpuzamahanga ugenzura indege za gisivili (OACI) buwusaba gukora iryo perereza 147. Uwo muryango wemeye gushyira icyo kibazo ku murongo w’ibyigwa mu nteko yawo yo ku wa 25 Mata 1994 aliko mu gihe iyo nama yari yicaye, Perezida wayo asaba ko icyo kibazo cyasubikwa, u Bubirigi bugatanga andi makuru yuzuza ayo bwari bwatanze kugirango uwo muryango ubashe gufata icyemezo.148». Umuryango OACI wumvaga ko indege yahanutse yari iya Leta kandi iri mu gihugu cyayo nuko rero ikibazo cyayo kikaba kitarashoboraga gukemurwa n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga uwo muryango ugenderaho

149. Ibyemezo binyuranye by’Inteko ishinzwe umutekano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye byakurikiyeho muri Mata na Kamena 1994 byasabaga ko habaho iperereza mpuzamahanga kw’ihanurwa ry’indege aliko ntacyo byatanze. Ku wa 25 Gicurasi 1994, Komisiyo y’umuryango w’Abibumbye ushinzwe kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu yashyizeho Bwana Rene Degni Segui150 kuba intumwa yawo yihariye mu Rwanda. Uyu mugabo rero yasabye amafaranga yo kugirango akore iryo perereza aliko barayamwimye bavuga ko umuryango w’Abibumbye utari ubifitiye umurongo w’ingengo y’imari yo gukora ibyo. Aravuga ati : « nasabye umuryango w’Abibumbye gushyiraho komisiyo y’iperereza n’inzobere mu byerekeye ibisasu kuko

umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe iby’indege za gisivili utashoboraga guperereza ku ndege

za gisirikare basubije ko umuryango w’Abibumbye udafite umurongo wa bije wo gukora

ibyo151

». Kuwa 1 Nyakanga 1994, Inteko ishinzwe umutekano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye wafashe icyemezo nomero 935 ishyiraho komisiyo yigenga y’inzobere ishinzwe gusuzuma no

144 Jenerali Romeo A. Dallaire, umugaba w’ingabo za MINUAR, yandikira Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Leta y’u Rwanda, Kigali , kuwa 02 Gicurasi 1994. Impamvu: Iperereza mpuzamahanga 145 Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Ibiro bya Minisitiri w’Intebe, Ibaruwa n° 014/02.3 yandikiwe Jenerali Majoro Roméo A. Dallaire, umugaba w’ingabo za MINUAR, Kigali, kuwa 07 Gicurasi 1994 146 Itangazo rya RTLM ku mugoroba indege yahanuriweho, ku cyuma cy’Ambasade y’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda gisubiza telefoni iyo nta muntu uhari: « ijwi ku cyuma cy’Ambasade y’u Bufaransa ryavugaga riti : ‘indege ya Peresida Habyarimana yarashwe n’ababirigi ». Ryavanyweho mu gitondo cyo kuwa 7 Mata. 147 Raporo ya MIP, urup. 236 ; C. Braeckman : Rwanda, Histoire…op.cit.,urup.178 148 Linda Melvern, « L’attentat » 149 Reba ibyemezo bya OACI byo kuwa 21 Mata 1994, 2 Gicurasi1994 no kuwa 17Gicurasi1994. 150 Ibyemezo S-3/1 bya Komisiyo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu, 25 Gicurasi 1994 151 Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na M. Degni-Segui, Sena y’u Bubirigi, Komisiyo iperereza ibyabaye mu Rwanda, Inyandikomvugo yo gusesengura ubuhamya, 17 Kamena 1997 ; Raporo y’intumwa yihariye ya Komisiyo iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu mu Rwanda : S/1994/1153, 28 Kamena 1994.

46

gusesengura amakuru yose yerekeranye n’ibyaha bikomeye binyuranyije n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu harimo n’ibikorwa bya jenoside byakorewe mu Rwanda. Muri raporo yayo isoza yatanzwe ku wa 09 Ugushyingo 1994, iyo komisiyo yavuze ko yabuze amikoro kugirango ikore iryo perereza152 aliko mu myanzuro yayo yibutsa ko iryo perereza rigomba kubaho. Icyo cyifuzo-nama n’ibindi byose byakibanjirije biturutse mu nzego zitandukanye z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ntacyo cyagezeho. Raporo y’Umuryango wa OUA yo ku wa 29 Gicurasi 2000 yasabye komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’inzobere mu by’amategeko gutangira iperereza ryigenga kugirango hamenyekane abagize uruhare mu ihanuka ry’indege aliko icyo cyifuzo-nama nacyo barakirangaranye ntibacyitaho. Kw’itariki 13 Kanama 1994 mu rugendo rw’akazi yagiriye mu Rwanda uhagarariye umuryango wa OACI mu karere k’Afurika y’amajyepfo, yaganiriye n’Abayobozi b’u Rwanda babishinzwe, basanga iryo perereza ari ngombwa. Mu kiganiro yagiranye na Minisitiri ushinzwe gutwara Abantu n’Ibintu n’Itumanaho, Madamu Imakulata Kayumba, minisitiri yamubwiye ko Leta y’u Rwanda yashakaga cyane ko iryo perereza rikorwa, kandi ko yari yiteguye gukorana n’umuryango ahagarariye kugirango rikorwe. Madamu Kayumba yongeyeho ko Leta y’u Rwanda izavugana na OACI mu minsi ikurikiraho kugirango bigire hamwe icyo kibazo153. Mu kiganiro yatanze mu ntangiriro y’umwaka wa 1995, Visi Perezida w’u Rwanda akaba na Minisitiri w’Ingabo Jenerali Paul Kagame yavuze ko u Rwanda rwari rukeneye cyane kandi ko ari ngombwa ko habaho iperereza ku buryo indege Falcon 50 yahanutse n’abayihanuye, agaya ko Umuryango w’Abibumbye ntacyo wabifashijemo u Rwanda. Yavuze ko u Rwanda ruzabyikorera nirumara kubona ibikoresho n’amikoro bikenewe :

« - Francois Misser (F.M.) : Ese ntabwo ingabo z’u Rwanda zigeze zikora iryazo

perereza ? Ni nde wahanuye indege ?

- Paul Kagame (P.K.) : Ntabwo dufite ibikoresho n’amikoro byo gukora iryo perereza,

turacyashakisha ubushobozi bwo kugirango tubikore. Mu by’ukuri twakwifuje ko

Umuryango w’Abibumbye ubidufashamo aliko kugeza ubungubu ntacyo barakora.

Icyi kibazo kiri ku murongo wa mbere w’ibyo tugomba gukemura.

- Francois Misser (F.M.): Ni ukuvuga rero ko nibishoboka U Rwanda ruzikorera

iperereza ryaryo bwite kw’ihanurwa ry’indege, ni ibyo ?

-Paul Kagame (P.K.): Ni ibyo, nta shiti. Icyo dukeneye gusa ni ubushobozi bwo

kubikora.154

Ku wa 28 Werurwe 1995, Minisitiri wo gutwara Abantu n’Ibintu n’Itumanaho, Dr Charles Muligande, wari warasimbuye Madamu Kayumba kuri uwo mwanya, yandikiye uhagarariye umuryango OACI mu karere ufite icyicaro i Nairobi, amusaba mu rwego rw’ubutwererane bw’uwo muryango n’ibihugu biwugize gufasha U Rwanda gusesengura ibyabaye ku ndege Falcon 50 9XRNN yahanutse ku wa 06 Mata 1994 i Kigali155. U Rwanda rwatanze igitekerezo

152 Raporo ya nyuma ya Komisiyo y’inzobere yashyizweho n’icyemezo 935 (1994) cy’Inama Ishinzwe Umutekano ku Isi, S/1994/1405, 9 Ukuboza 1994 153 Telegaramu yo kuwa 02 Nzeri 1994 yanditswe n’uwari ahagarariye u Bubirigi muri’OACI, Montréal, yavugaga ku « Ihanuka ry’indege i Kigali 060494 ». 154 François Misser, Vers un nouveau Rwanda… op.cit., urup.79 155 Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Minisiteri y’Itumanaho no Gutwara Abantu n’Ibintu, ibaruwa yandikiwe Bwana Z.M BALIDDANA, wari uhagarariye ’OACI mu karere, Kigali, kuwa 28 Werurwe1996.

47

ko Sosiyete Dassault yakoze iyo ndege ibigiramo uruhare. Mu byo U Rwanda rwasabye izo nzego nta na kimwe cyakozwe.156.

Ibibazo byerekeye icyuma gifata amajwi kitwa “agasanduka kirabura”

Kuva muri 1994 kugeza ubu amateka y’icyuma gifata amajwi cy’indege ya Perezida w’u Rwanda Falco 50 cyavuzweho byinshi kugeza igihe bamwe bavugaga ko iyo ndege itari igifite, naho abandi bibaza irengero ryacyo. Imaze gukora iperereza ryayo, Komite yageze kumyanzuro ihamye ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba Falcon 50 yari ifite ako gasanuka kirabura byaba aribyo hakamenyekana ikigo cyangwa umuntu waba agafite.

Amakuru yatanzwe indege ikimara guhanuka yavugaga ko agasanduka kirabura kayo kari mu Bufaransa

Mu byumweru byakurikiye ihanuka ry’indege hagiye hatangwa amakuru anyuranye yerekeye Agasanduka kirabura k’iyo ndege. Amwe muri yo nta shingiro na rimwe yari afite, nk’ayatanzwe na Paul Barril.

Ibinyoma bya Paul Barril nuko byaje kunyomozwa na Sosiyete Dassault Services Aviation yakoze indege

Ibyerekeye agasanduka kirabura ka Falcon 50 byasakaye cyane mu makuru, ubwo Barril yaramaze kubwira ikinyamakuru le Monde ko afite aka gasanduka. Uwo mugabo wahoze ari Kapitene ayobora muri gendarumeri y’Abafaransa, umutwe w’abagendarme b’inzobere mw’iperereza, hanyuma akaza kwirukanwa kubera guhimba ubuhamya mu rubanza rw’ikiswe aba Irlandais ba Vincennes. Yari yarahindutse umuyobozi w’ikirenga P.D.G. w’isosiyete yigenga yitwa «Secrets» cyangwa «Amabanga» itanga serivise zidasanzwe z’iperereza. Nuko abwira icyo kinyamakuru le Monde ko yagiye i Kigali akazana ako gasanduka kirabura kandi ko yari yiteguye « kugaha inzego mpuzamahanga zigitangira gukora iperereza

kw’ihanurwa ry’iyo ndege157

».

Ku wa 28 Kamena 1994, Barril yatanze ikiganiro kuri televiziyo y’Abafaransa France 2 yerekana agasanduka k’icyuma k’ibara ry’umukara gafite impande enye n’ibidongi bitatu binini by’ubwoko bwa Assman, buri kimwe kizingiyeho agashumi kariho amasaha umunani

y’ibiganiro.158. Ubwo rero yavugaga ko afite ibyavuzwe bya nyuma byose hagati y’indege

Falcon 50 n’umunara w’ikibuga cy’indege cya Kigali. Yanavugaga ko yari afite imbunda zarashe ibisasu by’ubwoko bwa Sam 7 byaba byarakoreshejwe mu guhanura indege ya Perezida Habyarimana, arega FPR ko ariyo yabikoze kandi ko ibyo bisasu byarashwe bituruka mu

156 MIP, Imigereka, urup. 248. 157 Hervé Gattegno na Corinne Lesnes, « Rwanda. L’énigme de la boîte noire », Le Monde, 28 Kamena 1994 ; Amakuru kuri televiziyo France 2 y’uwo munsi 13h yasomwe na Daniel Bilalian 158 Le Monde, 28 Kamena 1994 ; Golias Magazine n° 101, Werurwe/Mata 2005, urup.34

48

cyerekezo cya Masaka, anahamya ko icyo gice cyari mu maboko y’ingabo za FPR159. Yanerekanye igipfunyika yavugaga ko kirimo za telex yakuye ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kigali mu minsi n’amasaha byabanjirije ihanurwa ry’indege, ko harimo igitabo kirimo amazina y’abantu bose bacungaga umutekano ku kibuga cy’indege, n’abandi bakozi bari ku izamu na za serivise zishinzwe itumanaho no kuyobora indege mu kirere. Icyo gihe Barril yerekanye amafoto y’ibisigazwa by’indege n’imirambo y’abantu bayiguyemo. Yahamyaga ko yagiye mu Rwanda inshuro ebyiri muri Mata no muri Gicurasi 1994. Yavuze ko ubwa mbere yari ahari kw’itariki 07 Mata 1994 akahamara iminsi mike abisabwe n’umuryango wa Perezida Habyarimana kugirango aperereze ibyerekeranye n’urupfu rw’umukuru w’igihugu. Ku munsi wakurikiye ibyo Barril yari amaze kwerekana, Sosiyete Dassault Falcon Service, yakoze indege Falcon 50 ya Perezida Habyarimana kandi yari ishinzwe no kuyitaho, yavuze ko nta cyuma na kimwe gifata amajwi cyarimo, ahubwo ko harimo ibindi byuma bishobora kuyafata iyo uyoboye indege abyishyriyemo160. Dassault yongeyeho ko ubwo indege yaherukaga mu igaraji mu Ukwakira 1993 nta byuma bifata amajwi byari muri iyo ndege 161. Ni nako Dassault yabwiye sosiyete y’ubwishingizi bw’indege AIRCLAIMS France mu ntangiriro y’umwaka w’1995. Baravuze bati: indege Falcon 50 ntiyari ifite ibyuma byandika uko indege iriho iguruka ; yari ifite ibyuma bishobora gufata amajwi y’abayoboye indege aliko bitari

byagashyizwe mu buryo byakoreshwa162. Dassault yanasobanuye ko akitwa agasanduku kirabura,

mu by’ukuri katirabura ahubwo ko ari ibara ry’ironji rihishishije cyane kugirango gashobore kuboneka bitaruhanije igihe habaye impanuka163. Iminsi cumi n’itanu nyuma y’ubwo, ikinyamakuru le Monde cyemeye ko Barril yagihemukiye akagikoresha mu gutanga amakuru y’ibinyoma, naho ikinyamakuru cy’Ababiligi le Soir, gisohoka buri munsi cyanditse kibaza niba «ibisigazwa by’agasanduku k’umukara byerekanywe kuri televiziyo y’Abafaransa bitari ibihimbano byo kwibagiza ibyo icyo kinyamakuru cyari

kimaze gucukumbura.164

» Kw’itariki 19 Kamena 2001, Dassault yaje kwivuguruza mu buryo budasubirwaho mu nyandiko yoherereje ubucamanza bwo mu Bufaransa ivuga ko « indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yari ifite ibyuma byuzuye byo gufata amajwi yabayoboye indege CVR

cyangwa Cockpit Voice Recorder)165

» ko hatarimo gusa ibyuma byoroheje bashoboraga gushyiraho ari uko babishatse nkuko byavuzwe mu myaka ya 1994 na 1995.

Amakuru yatanzwe n’Abanyarwanda, Ababiligi n’Abafaransa

159 Barril yahawe kuwa 06 Mata « icyemezo cyo gukora iperereza n’ubushakashatsi » kivuye kuri Madamu Agathe Habyarimana, kimuha inshingano yo « gukora iperereza ku buryo bushoboka bwose kugirango ukuri kumenyekane uko indege yahanuwe », kumenya « abayihanuye cyane cyane ababatumye », no gukora « ibikenewe byose kugirango bahanwe». 160 Le soir, 29 Kamena 1994 161 Le Monde, 08 Nyakanga 1994 162 AIRCLAIMS France, dosiye n°94/191 yerekeye kuri « Leta y’u Rwanda –impanuka yo kuwa 6 Mata 1994 ya

Falcon 50 9XR-NN » 163 Libération 164 Le soir, 29 Kamena 1994 165 Le Monde, 11 Kamena 2004

49

Amakuru yabonetse mu Rwanda no hanze y’Igihugu yemeza ko, kuva muri Mata 1994 agasanduka kirabura katwawe n’abasirikare bakuru b’Abafaransa166. Umwe mu bakuru ba MRND, Madamu Siperansiya Karwera Mutwe, mu mwaka w’1994 yavuze ko :« Ibyerekeye agasanduka k’umukara k’indege kari mu maboko y’abategetsi b’u Rwanda kugirango

bagasuzume nyuma y’aho abasirikare barindaga Perezida birukanye Ababiligi bageragezaga

kujya kugakura mu bisigazwa by’indege167

».

Bukeye bw’itangazwa ry’iyo nkuru, ku wa 15 Mata 1994, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga muri Guverinoma y’agateganyo, Jerome Bicamumpaka, yandikira abahagarariye ibihugu byabo mu Rwanda abemeza ko : « Ibyavuye mu isuzumwa ry’agasanduka k’umukara bizashyirwa mu iperereza, aliko igihe tugitegereje ko bikorwa, byaba ari ukwigerezaho twemeje bidasubirwaho

abateye iyo mpanuka yishe Perezida Habyarimana168

». Ku mugaragaro, Jerome Bicamumpaka yemeje ko Falcon 50 yari ifite ako gasanduka, icyo gihe kari gafitwe na guverinoma. Yashoboraga ate gusakaza inkuru nkiyo atayizi neza? Igihe yatangaga ubuhamya muri Komisiyo y’Igihugu yigenga Ishinzwe iperereza ku ruhare Leta y’Abafaransa yagize muri jenoside, Koloneri Evariste Murenzi wari umukuru w’iperereza mu gisirikare gishinzwe kurinda Perezida muri Mata 1994 yahamirije iyo Komisiyo ko indege ya Perezida Habyarimana Falcon 50 yari ifite agasanduka. Koloneli Murenzi yamenyesheje ko Koloneli Aloys Ntiwiragabo wari umukuru w’iperereza mu gisirikare ku cyicaro gikuru cy’Ingabo z’Igihugu (G2) yamubwiye ko ari we wari ubitse agasanduka kirabura bamaze kukavana mu gikanka cy’indege169. Ku wa 19 Mata, abasirikare babiri b’Abafaransa bakoreraga mu Rwanda, Bernard Cussac na Jean Jacques Maurin bohereje inyandiko ku bategetsi b’Abafaransa ivuga ko, kuwa 06 Mata 1994 saa 21h30, Komanda De Saint Quentin yakoze raporo ibamenyesha ko hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko agasanduka kirabura gahari.170. Kolonel Bernard Cussac yari afatanije kuba ashinzwe ibya gisirikare muri ambasade y’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda, no kuba umukuru w’ibiro by’ubutwererane bwa gisirikare kuva muri Nyakanga 1991 kugera muri Mata 1994. Hagati ya Nyakanga 1991 n’Ukuboza 1993 yari na komanda w’ibikorwa by’igisirikare cy’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda byiswe Noroît171. Naho Liyetona Koloneli Jean Jacques Maurin wari umwungirije muri ambasade yari ashinzwe ibikorwa bya gisirikare172 akaba n’umujyanama w’Umugaba w’Ingabo z’Igihugu (FAR) kuva muri Mata 1992 kugeza muri Mata 1994, yari yasimbuye Liyetona Koloneli Gilles Chollet nyuma y’uko itangazamakuru ryaguye ku nyandiko ya Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’u Rwanda ivuga

166 Libération, 28 Kamena 1994 167 Jeune Afrique, 14 Mata 1994 168 Byavuzwe muri André Guichaoua (Dir.), Les crises politiques au Burundi et au Rwanda, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 1994, urup. 680 169 Ubuhamya Koloneli Evariste Murenzi yahaye Komisiyo y’Igihugu Yigenga Ishinzwe Iperereza ku Ruhare Leta y’Abafaransa yagize muri jenoside y’Abatutsi, Kigali, 30 Ukwakira 2007 170 Jean-Claude Lefort, Inyandiko n°6 yandikiwe Bernard Cazeneuve, Dosiye n°12, Ivry, 25 Kanama 1998. Byavuzwe muri La Nuit Rwandaise, isohoka rimwe mu mwaka, n°2, 7 Mata 2008, urup. 238 171171 MIP, Imigereka, urup.15 172 MIP, Imigereka, urup.16

50

ko Koloneli Chollet yari umujyanama w’Umugaba w’Ikirenga w’ingabo z’Igihugu173 (Umukuru w’Igihugu) akaba n’uw’umuyobozi w’ibiro bikuru by’ingabo22. Iyo myanya ikomeye yabo basirikare babiri bakuru b’Abafaransa iratwereka ko bari bafite amakuru y’imvaho. Muri Kamena 1994, ikinyamakuru cyitwa le Soir cyaranditse : « Iperereza ry’Ababiligi riragenda buhoro, icyakora nabo baremeza ko agasanduka k’umukara katwawe na Komanda De

Saint Quetin agakuye aho indege yahanukiye ubu kakaba kari i Paris gahishe amakuru yingirakamaro. None kugeza ubu kari ahantu kabitswe nk’ibanga ry’ingabo z’u Bufaransa.174 ». Hashize iminsi mike, icyo kinyamakuru cyanditse ko Radio Rwanda «yemezaga hashize ibyumweru bibiri» ko Barril yakuye agasanduka kirabura i Kigali, ko «guverinoma y’agateganyo nta mwanya yari ifite yo kukitaho

175 ». Inyandiko y’Ambasade y’Ububirigi muri Ethiopie ivuga ku kiganiro cyatanzwe ku wa 05 Gicurasi 1994 i Addis-Abeba n’abadipolomate babiri b’Abanyarwanda mu gihe Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga muri guverinoma y’agateganyo, Jerome Bicamumpaka yari mu rugendo i Paris bavugaga ko yarajyanywe mu Bufaransa no kubasaba ngo basesengure agasanduka kirabura k’indege yahanuwe

176».

Ku wa 27 Kamena 1994, Minisitiri w’Abafaransa ushinzwe gutwara Ibintu n’Abantu yamenyesheje Umukuru w’ibiro by’uwungirije Minisitiri w’Intebe w’Ububirigi, Bwana Di Rupo, ko « abategetsi b’Abafaransa bafite agasanduku ku mukara k’indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yahanuwe iri mu rugendo, ko bagafite ku girango bazagashyire imbere ya

ICAO177

». Iyo nkuru igeze kuri juge Damien Vandermeersch, wapererezaga kw’iyicwa ry’abasirikare cumi b’Ababiligi, yohereza inyandiko kuri Komiseri Mukuru w’ubugenzacyaha i Buruseli « aho yasabaga ibisobanuro kuri iyo nkuru (yatanzwe na minisitiri w’Abafaransa ushinzwe gutwara ibintu n’abantu) ko u Bufaransa bwaba bufite agasanduku k’umukara k’indege ya Perezida.» Umucamanza Vandermeersch atanga ibibazo byo kubaza uwo mukuru w’ubugenzacyaha, M Durinckx, wari wahawe inyandiko y’Abafaransa : « Yahawe amakuru ahagije kuri iyo ngingo, yabazaga aho ako gasanduku k’umukara gaherereye kuri iyi saha,

kandi niba abategetsi b’Abafaransa barayisesenguye cyangwa barakoze iperereza.178

». Kuwa 10 Ukwakira 1995, Michel Waterplas, umufasha wa porokireri w’umwami mu intara ya Buruseri yakoreye raporo umucamanza Vandermeersch ku buhamya bwa Bwana Durinckx, amumenyesha ko « itangazo ryavugaga ko Abafaransa ari bo bafite agasanduku k’umukara baribeshyuje bo nyine kw’itariki ya 28/06/1994

179». Mu yandi magambo, umunsi ukurikira wo

kwemeza kwa Ministiri w’Ubafaransa ko ari u Bufaransa bufite agasanduku k’umukara, hanyuma hagakurikiraho kubihakana, byatera kwibaza impamvu yiryo hindagurika nk’uko byanditswe mu 1998 n’ikinyamakaru cya buri cyumweru cy’Abafaransa l’Express cyafashe

173 Jean-Paul Goûteux, La Nuit rwandaise. L’implication de la France dans le dernier génocide du siècle, Izuba editions/L’Esprit frappeur, Paris, 2002, urup.481 et 495. 174 Le Soir, 24 Kamena 1994 175 Le Soir, 28 Kamena 1994 176 AMBABEL ADDIS-ABEBA A BELEXT BRU 193 KUWA 05.05.94 177 Telegaramu yo kuwa 27.06.1994 yanditswe na Frank DURINCKX, serivisi y’umutekano, Minisiteri y’itumanaho n’ibikorwa remezo, ayoherereje,VAN WINSEN, wakoraga mu bucamanza bwa gisirikare i Buruseli. 178 Ibiro by’umucamanza Damien VANDERMEERSCH, Dosiye n°57/95, yerekeye ku basirikare b’ababirigi bari mu ngabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, Buruseli, kuwa 14 Nzeri 1995 179 Abagenzacyaha ba Parike y’Umushinjacyaha Mukuru, igice cy’ibyaha bikomeye, PJ 29, Imigereka0, n°41652, Dosiye : 57/95 yo kuwa14.9.95. Inyandiko yohererejwe umucamanza Vandermeersch, 10 Ukwakira 1995

51

umwanzuro kigira kiti : «Byose biraganisha mu kwemeza ko Paris ariyo ifite ibisobanuro by’iryo hurizo. Umuhamya umwe yiboneye icyuma gifata amajwi mu ndege mu rugo rw’umujyanama

w’igisirikare w’Umufaransa hashize amasaha make indege iguye180».

Iyindi nkuru yavugiwe ahagaragara iturutse mu nyandiko yasohowe mu itangazo ry’inteko ishinga amategeko y’u Bufaransa ryanditswe n’umwe muri bo, depite w’umukomuniste Jean Claude Lefort, kuwa 20 Ukwakira 1998 aryoherereje umwe mu banditsi ba Raporo y’Abadepite b’Abafaransa bakoze ku Rwanda (MIP), Bernard Cazeneuve, asobanura ko umuJenerali Rannou w’Umufaransa yemeje ko Falcon 50 yari ifite nta gushidikanya udusanduku tubiri tw’umukara:

«Ibaruwa ya Jenerali Rannou yo ku wa 15 Kamena 1998 yemeza ku mugaragaro ko mu ndege ya Falcon 50 harimo udusanduku tubiri tw’umukara nkuko bisanzwe, aka CVR

(gafata amajwi y’ibiganiro by’abatwaye indege) n’akandi kandika ibipimo byerekana

imigendere y’indege. Sinzi niba isesengura ryayo ryarashoboye gusobanura neza

impamvu y’iyo mpanuka nkuko Jenerali Rannou abitekereza181

, aliko ndabona ko hari

uwatekereje ko kutuzimiza ari byo byaba byiza (ntabwo ari twebwe duca umurongo.) Ibyo byagabanya abakekwa hagasigara gusa abageze aho indege yahanukiye mu masaha

yakurikiye182

»

Ku wa 08 Mutarama 2007, imyaka icyenda nyuma y’imirimo ya MIP, Jean-claude Lefort yakomezaga kwemeza ibi bikurikira: «Ndabibutsa ko mu minota cumi n’itanu yakurikiye ihanuka, umusilikare mukuru w’Umufaransa yari yageze aho. Nkuko byigaragaza, uwo

musirikare niwe ufite udusanduku tubiri tw’umukara n’ibice bya misile. (…) Ndibwira ko utwo

dusanduku tubiri tw’umukara twa Falcon ya Perezida turi mu biganza by’abategetsi

b’Abafaransa kuva 1994183 »

Ibindi byaje kuvuguruzwa nyuma: Agasanduka kirabura k’agahimbano mu Muryango

w’Abibumbye

Mu nkuru yacyo yo kuwa 10 Werurwe 2004, ikinyamakuru le Monde cyagaragaje ko hari raporo y’iperereza r y’umucamanza Bruguière, yakorewe uwahoze ari umukuru w’indege z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye i Kigali, umunyakanada Roger Lambo, ko yaba yarerekanye ko agasanduku k’umukara kafashwe kakajyanwa mu Muryango w’Abibumbye muri 1994. Ako kanya inkuru igisohoka, Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, Koffi Annan, n’umuvugizi we, Fred Eckhard babeshyuza iyo nkuru ; uwo muvugizi aravuga ati : « Birashekeje kwemeza ko duhishe agasanduku k’umukara k’indege mu cyicaro gikuru cyangwa se aho ari ho hose

184»

Nyuma y’iminsi ibiri, ikinyamakuru le Monde cyongeye kwandika cyerekana ibice bimwe by’iyo raporo aho Roger Lambo yemeraga ko : yafashe agasanduku k’umukara k’indege ya Perezida yahanutse, akagatwara ku cyicaro cy’Umuryango w’Abibumbye i New York»

180 L’Express, 12/02/1998 181 Jean Rannou yari umunyamabanga mukuru mu biro by’igisirikare muri minisiteri y’ingabo z’u Bufaransa kuva muri Mata 1991 kugeza muri Gicurasi1994 182 Jean-Claude Lefort, Inyandiko n° 19 yandikiwe Bernard Cazeneuve, dosiye y’ihanurwa ry’indege n°2, Paris, 20 Ukwakira 1998. Byavuzwe muri La Nuit Rwandaise, nomero 2, yo kuwa 7 Mata 2008, urup.246 183 Jean-Claude Lefort, La Nuit Rwandaise, Op.cit., urup.231 184 Le Monde, 10 Werurwe2004

52

Ikinyamakuru le Monde cyagaragaje ko agasanduku k’umukara kageze «k’Umuryango

w’Abibumbye i Kigali ku buryo bw’amayobera » hanyuma « kakoherezwa i Naïrobi », nyuma yaho « kakajyanwa ku cyicaro i New York hakoreshejwe agaseke k’ibanga.» Le monde irongera iti : « agasanduku k’umukara kari kameze neza gafite inyandiko n’izina by’uwagakoze n’inomero z’igihe kakorewe» koherejwe rero i New York « kw’itegeko ry’umukuru w’indege wo ku cyicaro cy’umuryango w’abibumbye icyo gihe yari Andy Sequin

185» Nubwo wabanje kubyangira, Umuryango w’Abibumbye ntiwatinze kwikorera iperereza ryawo, «ukavumbura agasanduka gafata amajwi y’abatwaye indege (CVR)186 » mu bubiko bwabo bavuga ko ari aka Falcon 50 ya Perezida w’u Rwanda. Fred Eckhard yasobanuye ko ibyo atari byo, kubera ko inzobere mu by’umutekano w’ikirere bo m’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, bemeye rugikubita ko agasanduka babahaye «kari gashya kadashobora kuba ak’indege yahanutse187». Bafashe umwanzuro ko ntaho gahuriye n’ihanurwa ry’indegeya Perezida Habyarimana, bagafungirana mu kabati bemeza ko nta kamaro gafite188. Kamaze kuboneka, Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yategetse ko gakorerwa isesengura. Isesengura rya mbere ryahawe ibiro bishinzwe umutekano w’ikirere cy’Amerika (NTSB) bigenzurwa na OACI. Irindi sesengura rigenzura iryakozwe mbere ryahawe ikigo kigenga cyo muri Canada189. Bafunguye ku wa 16 Werurwe 2004, ibisubizo byatanzwe ku murongo wa internet w’Umuryango w’abibumbye ku wa mbere 07 Kamena 2004. Mu myanzuro, izo sosiyete zombi zavuze ko zumvise amajwi avuga igifaransa ku nyakiramajwi, ariko ibiganiro n’ibindi bijyanye na tekiniki byerekanaga ko ari inyakiramajwi yo ku butaka atari iyo mu kirere. Bafata umwanzuro ko « ntawahakana ko icyo cyuma gifata amajwi cyashoboraga gukoreshwa mu ndege ya Perezida » ariko bakomeza kwemeza ko icyo cyuma «kitari mu ndege igihe ihanurwa

190»; bishatse kuvuga ko «icyuma cyari m’Umuryango w’abibumbye atari cyo cyari mu

ndege ya Habyarimana191

». Ibi birerekana ko hariho abantu bakomeye bari inyuma y’ubu buriganya.

Ubuhamya bwemeza ko Abafaransa aribo batwaye agasanduka kirabura

Abasirikare bakuru b’Abafaransa babaye aba mbere mu kugera aho indege yahanukiye kandi hari bamwe mubahoze ari abasirikare mu ngabo z’u Rwanda bahamya ko bababonye barimo kujagajaga ibisigazwa by’indege. Ntibyakunvikana ko abo basirikare batashakishaga ikintu cyose cyerekana uko indege yahanutse n’abayihanuye. Komanda Grégoire De Saint Quentin yari umutoza muri batayo y’abaparakomando kandi afite uburenganzira bwo kugera ahantu hose hakomeye, arahamya mu ibaruwa ye yo kuwa 16 Ukwakira 1998 yandikiye Bernard Cazeneuve wari umwanditsi wa komisiyo y’inteko ishinga amategeko y’u Bufaransa yataraga amakuru ku bikorwa bya Leta y’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda (mission d’information parlementaire) cyangwa MIP mu magambo ahinnye, ko yageze inshuro enye aho Perezida yari atuye: ku mugoroba wo 185 Le Monde, 12 Werurwe2004 186 Ibidem 187 Ibidem 188 Ibidem 189 Le Monde, 11 Kamena 2004 190 Le Monde, 11 Kamena 2004 191 AFP, 7 Kamena 2004

53

kuwa 06 Mata, kuwa 07, kuwa 09 no kuwa 11Mata 1994192.: «Inshuro nagiye aho Perezida yari atuye zose hamwe zari enye. Ukuyeho iyo kuwa 11 Mata, nagiye yo kuya 06 Mata nimugoroba,

kuya 07 Mata mu gitondo, no kuwa 09 Mata nyuma ya saa sita kugirango mpe umupfakazi wa

Perezida Habyarimana uburyo bwo guhunga. Icyo nakongeraho kugirango bisobanuke neza

nuko nagiye aho indege yahanukiye kw’itariki ya 06 Mata nimugoroba no ku ya 07 Mata mu

gitondo. Kw’itariki ya 09 nibwo ninjiye mu nzu, kuya 11 nagarukiye kw’irembo193

. »

Aha rero biragaragara neza ko De Saint Quentin avuga neza ibyo yakoze kw’itariki ya 09 n’iya 11 Mata, guhungisha umuryango wa Perezida Habyarimana, ariko ntavuga icyo yakoze mu buryo bwumvikana kw’itariki ya 06 Mata nimugoroba no kw’itariki ya 07 Mata mu gitondo. Nyamara abatangabuhamya benshi bavuga ko De Saint Quentin yajagajaze igikanka cy’indege bikaba byakwemeza ko yashakishaga agasanduka kirabura. Nta kuntu rero yashoboraga gushishikarira gushakisha icyuma cy’ingirakamaro cyane nka kiriya atazi bidasubirwaho ko gihari. Umubiligi, Dr Pasuch Massimo, wari Liyetona Koloneli mu butwererane bwa gisirikare hagati y’u Rwanda n’Ububirigi yabwiye ushinzwe iperereza mu rukiko rwa gisirikare rw’Ababiligi kw’itariki ya 09 Gicurasi 1994 ibi bikurikira : « Indege igiturikira mu kirere namenye ko bicitse, nshaka komanda De Saint Quentin kugirango dufatanye kumenya uko byagenze. Umugore we

yambwiye ko abasirikare b’Abafaransa bari bagiye kureba aho indege yahanukiye. Nyuma yaho

naje kubonana na Komanda De Saint Quentin ambwira ko bishoboka ko Abafaransa bonyine ari

bo bari bemerewe kugera aho indege yahanukiye. Aliko ko nabo bari bategereje ko bucya

kugirango bashakishe agasanduka kirabura194

». Murego Froduard wari umusirikare muri batayo y’abapara komando kuva muri 1987 kugera muri 1994, yahaye Komite ubuhamya, atangira ayibwira ikintu kitari kizwi mbere, ko Abafaransa bagize uruhare ku mugoroba wo kuwa 06 Mata 1994 mu gutegura no guha amabwiriza batayo y’abaparakomando gutangira kwica, hanyuma asobanura ko ibisigazwa by’indege byasatswe ku buryo bunononsoye. Aravuga ati:

«Indege imaze guhanuka, twahawe itegeko ryo guteranira imbere y’ibiro byacu kuri unite ya CRAP. Aho twateraniye hari Abafaransa batwigishaga kandi nabonye uwo nari

nzi De Saint Quentin wari warasimbuye Reffalo, mbona na Janne wari ushinzwe

ibikorwa bya gisirikare muri unite yacu. Turaho mu kibuga cya kaburimbo, De Saint

Quentin yavuganaga n’aba’ofisiye b’Abanyarwanda barimo Majoro Ntabakuze; bamaze

kuvugana, Liyetona Kanyamikenke, watuyoboraga ariwe ushinzwe unite ya CRAP

yadutegetse kujya aho Perezida Habyarimana yari atuye. Twajyanyeyo nawe na Majoro

Ntabakuze. Tuhageze, twatangiye kurundanya imirambo. Turangije kuyibona yose

abasirikare b’Abafaransa batangira gushakisha agasanduka kirabura aliko sinzi niba

barakabonye kuko nagiye mu gitondo nkahabasiga195 »

192 Raporo ya MIP, urup.236 193 Ibaruwa ifite kopi ku Imigerekawa Raporo ya MIP, urup.241 194 Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Pasuch Massimo muri dosiye n° 02 02545 N94 C8 mu biro by’ubucamanza bwa gisirikare. Buruseli, kuwa 09 Gicurasi1994 195 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, kuwa 27 Gashyantare 2008 ; reba n’ubundi buhamya bwatanzwe na 1er Serija Munyaneza Emmanuel na Caporali Nzayisenga Jean Baptiste bwatanzwe imbere ya Komite i Ngoma (Kibungo), kuwa 10 Nyakanga 2008

54

Serija-majoro Barananiwe Jean Marie Vianney wari mu ngabo zirinda Perezida kuva 1977 kugera 1994 niwe wari uyoboye itsinda ry’abasirikare bashinzwe kurinda urugo rwa Perezida Habyarimana ku mugoroba wo kuwa 06 Mata 1994 . Yari ayoboye abasirikare bashinzwe kurinda irembo rinini rw’igipangu, naho uwari umukuriye ashinzwe kurinda aho hantu hose, yari Liyetona Evariste Sebashyitsi. Serija majoro Barananiwe avuga ko Abafaransa hari icyo bashakishije cyane mu bisigazwa by’indege kandi ko babikoze inshuro nyinshi, hanyuma bakagira ibyuma batwara bari bavanye kuri iyo ndege birimo n’agasanduka kirabura. Aravuga ati :

« Majoro Ntabakuze niwe wahageze mbere yinjirira ku muryango wo hepfo ahari inzu

y’ingurube ambaza niba nzi indege yari imaze guhanuka iyo ari yo . Ndamusubiza nti ni

indege ya Perezida. Yagiye kubyirebera. Hanyuma natwe tujya kureba ibyari byabaye.

Ako kanya abasirikare b’Abafaransa barahageze bafite za kasike n’amasitimu. Natwe

twafasheho amwe kuri ayo masitimu kuko ayacu yari ataratugeraho kandi hari umwijima

mwinshi. Badufashije kurundanya imirambo yari inyanyagiye ahantu hose. Kandi

batangiye no gushakisha agasanduka kirabura. Tumaze kurundanya imirambo,bayiteye

imiti yo kuyibuza kwangirika tuyobowe na Dr Baransaritse hanyuma ishyirwa mu

cyumba cyo kwakiriramo abashyitsi.

Muri iryo joro abandi baje ni majoro Mpiranya, Madamu Jeanne umukobwa wa

Perezida n’umugabo we n’abasirikare ba CRAP bari bazanywe na Majoro Ntabakuze.

Bahamaze iminsi ibiri. Abafaransa baje gushakisha agasanduka kirabura, kw’itariki ya

07 niya 08/4/1994 aliko sinibuka neza umunsi bakaboneyeho.

Kw’itariki ya 08/4/1994, Abarundi nabo baje gutwara imirambo y’abantu babo.

Abafaransa bagarutse kuya 09/04/1994 gutwara umuryango wa Perezida Habyarimana

umunsi wakurikiyeho kw’itariki ya 10/04/1994.

Imirambo yajyanywe i Gitarama ijyanywe na Leta y’abatabazi hanyuma iza gutwarwa ku

Gisenyi. Habyarimana wenyine niwe waje guhambwa i Gbadolite, abandi bose

bahambwe kuri Goma196.»

Ntawishunga Edouard, wagiye mu gisirikare muri 1969 aza kujya muri batayo L.A.A kuva 1988 kugera 1994, yari umushoferi wa Komanda y’ikambi ya Kanombe, Koloneli Félicien Muberuka aza kumujyana aho Perezida yari atuye iminota mike indege imaze kugwa. Yatanze Ubuhamya avuga ko Abafaransa bashatse bakanatwara agasanduka kirabura. Aravuga ati :

« Ako kanya indege ihanutse, Koloneli Muberuka yantegetse kumutwara aho Perezida

Habyarimana yari atuye. Hagiye yo n’abandi ba ofisiye barimo abasirikare babiri

b’Abafaransa bigishaga batayo ya parakomando. Bajyanye na Majoro Ntabakuze wari

komanda wa batayo y’abaparakomando. Muri abo Bafaransa namenyemo De Saint

Quentin niwe wari ubayoboye . Sininjiye mu rugo nasigaye hanze ku modoka nari

ntwaye. Bagenzi banjye bambwiye abantu bari mu rugo, bambwira ko De Saint

Quentin yashatse kandi akabona agasanduka kirabura k’indege197

.»

196 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, kuwa 28 Gicurasi 2008 197 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Ngororero, kuwa 27 Nzeri 2008

55

Segatama Emmanuel na Zigirumugabe Grégoire, bari abasirikare mu ngabo zirinda Perezida muri 1994, bari bamwe mu barinze irembo rinini ry’urugo, bayobowe na Serija majoro Barananiwe. Bombi batanze ubuhamya ko babonye abasirikare b’Abafaransa bashakisha agasanduka kirabura. Segatama ati : « Abafaransa baje aho indege yari yahanukiye ku mugoroba w’itariki 06 Mata

baherekejwe na Ntabakuze na bamwe mu basirikare ba CRAP. Nabonaga Abafaransa

badashishikajwe no gushakisha imirambo, ahubwo barimo gusuzuma amadosiye

yaranyanyagiye aho ngaho, hanyuma batangira gucukumbura mu ibisigazwa by’indege. Ntibari

bitaye ku bantu. Umunsi wakurikiyeho mu gitondo baragarutse bakomeza kujagajaga mu

gikanka cy’indege . Bari bane cyangwa batanu198 ».

Zigirumugabe yongeyeho ko agasanduka kirabura kabonetse ku munsi wakurikiye uwo indege yahanukiyeho. Aravuga ati: Nyuma y’indege guhanuka, Majoro Ntabakuze n’abari

bamuherekeje nibo bageze bwa mbere aho indege yari yaguye. Yakurikiwe na Majoro Mpiranya

wari udukuriye. « Nyuma yaho, Abafaransa nabo barahageze. Ako kanya bagiye ku bisigazwa

by’indege batangira gusaka basa naho bashakisha icyuma gifata amajwi. Uwo mugoroba

ntacyo babonye . Ku munsi wakurikiyeho mu gitondo nka saa mbiri baragarutse bakomeza

gushakisha. Numvise babwira umuliyotona umwe mubari badukuriye ntibuka izina ko bari

bamaze kubona icyo cyuma, ndibwira ko aricyo bita agasanduka kirabura. Ni uko nabonye

ibintu kandi niko byagenze199

». Abandi batangabuhamya bavuga bimwe n’aba batatu tumaze kuvuga hejuru, bavugako ibisigazwa by’indege byasatswe cyane hashakirwamo agasanduka kirabura. Sergent Tegera Aloys winjiye mu ngabo muri 1973, akaba yari mu ngabo zishinzwe kurinda Perezida muri 1994, yoherejwe kurinda aho indege yahanukiye kw’itariki 06 n’iya 07 Mata 1994. Aravuga ko aba ofisiye batatu b’Abafaransa bashakishije cyane agasanduka kirabura. Aravuga ati :

«Ndibuka ko nabonye aho indege yahanukiye, umwofisiye w’Umufaransa wigishaga muri batayo y’abaparakomando ndumva yari afite grade ya Capitaine, yari hamwe n’abandi

basirikare babiri b’Abafaransa ariko niwe wenyine nabashije kumenya. Hari mu gitondo

cy’itariki ya 07 Mata nka saa tatu yagiye aho ibisigazwa by’indege byari biri avuga ko

agiye gushaka agasanduka kirabura. Iryo jambo ndahamya rwose ko yarivuze kuko

naryiyumviye n’amatwi yanjye. Ariko njye sinigeze mbona ako agasanduka kirabura

kugirango mbe nabasha kuvuga uko gasa. Nta nubwo nari nkitayeho cyane. Ndibuka

neza ko ntabandi banyamahanga nabonye aho ukuyeho abo bafaransa batatu200»

Nzayisenga Jean Baptiste winjiye mu ngabo z’u Rwanda muri 1987,agashyirwa muri 1988 muri batayo y’abaparakomando kugeza muri Mata 1994, yari umwe mu bagize Kompanyi CRAP yari iri aho Perezida Habyarimana yari atuye ku mugoroba wa 06 Mata 1994. Avuga ko yabonye Abafaransa bashakisha agasanduka kirabura mu gitondo cyo kuwa 07 Mata : Aravuga ati :

198 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, kuwa 04 Kanama 2008 199 Ibidem 200 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, kuwa 28 Gashyantare 2008

56

« Ku mugoroba w’itariki ya 06 Mata, nk’isaha imwe indege imaze guhanuka nari umwe

mu boherejwe kurinda aho Perezida yari atuye. Nari mu kigo imbere abandi basirikali bari

hanze. Aho narindi kw’itariki 06 Mata ntabwo nashoboraga kubona neza abantu bari aho indege

yari yahanukiye. Ariko mu gitondo nashoboraga kuhabona kuko hari ku manywa. Ndibuka neza

rero ko kw’itariki 07 Mata, nabonye Abafarasa batatu bari ku bisigazwa by’indege. Numvise

bavuga ko bashaka agasanduka kirabura basaba bagenzi banjye kubafasha gushakisha. Sinzi

niba barabashije kukabona201

.»

Ntibategera Léonard, wari umusirikare muri batayo y’abaparakomando kuva muri 1982 kugeza muri 1994 yari umwe mubari barinze aho indege yahanukiye, avuga ko Abafaransa bashakishaga agasanduka kirabura. Aravuga ati: « Kw’itariki 07 Mata mu gitondo nk’isaha imwe ndi umwe

mu boherejwe kujya kurinda aho indege yahanukiye. Abafaransa bahaje bavuga ko baje

gushaka agasanduka kirabura. Hari ibintu bavanye ku bisigazwa by’indege; bacukumbura

cyane bashakishiriza ahantu hose muri ibyo bisigazwa cyane cyane ahari muri “cabine”

y’indege. Sinshobora kumenya igihe bahaviriye kuko mu gihe bari bagishakisha noherejwe mu

kazi ku kibuga cy’indege mbasiga aho ngaho. Ariko bagenzi banjye baje kumbwira ko

bahagumye bakaza kubona ako gasanduka kirabura 202

». Inzobere mu by’indege zabajijwe na Komite zihamya ko indege zitwaye abantu zidashobora kubona icyemezo cyo kuguruka zidafite agasanduka kirabura kamwe cyangwa tubiri bitewe n’uko indege ingana. François Munyarugamba, inzobere mu itumanaho ry’indege, wari afite uburambe ku kazi bw’imyaka mirongo itatu n’itanu ku kibuga mpuzamahanga cy’indege cya Kanombe aravuga ati :

Icyemezo cyo kugirango indege ijye mu kirere, ni ngombwa ku ndege z’abakuru

b’ibihugu kandi ntigitangwa iyo indege idafite agasanduka kirabura. Ni nabyo bigomba

kurebwa mbere, iyo indege igenzurwa. Habanza gusuzumwa ko udusanduka twirabura

duhari hamyuma bakanareba ko dukora. Indege zimwe nka za kajugujugu zigira

agasanduka kirabura kamwe ariko nk’indege ya Perezida ya Falcon 50 yagombaga kuba

ifite udusanduka twirabura tubyiri. Iyo itatugira ntabwo iba yaremerewe guhaguruka203

»

Ikindi kigomba kwibukwa ni uko Abafaransa bivugiye ko bavanye aho indege yahanukiye ibisigazwa by’ibisasu byahanuye indege, ni nacyo cyatumye Komisiyo y’inteko ishinga amategeko y’Abafaransa yarashoboye kuvuga ko ibyo bisasu byakoreshejwe byari ubwoko bwa SA16 byakozwe n’Abarusiya204. Byashoboka se ko bibutse gutwara ibyo bisigazwa by’ibisasu, ntibigere batekereza gutwara agasanduka kirabura? Ntabwo byakumvikana.

Ihanurwa ry’indege uko rivugwa n’abatangabuhamya babibonye.

201 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Ngoma (Kibungo), kuwa 10 Nyakanga 2008 202 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, kuwa 14 Gicurasi 2008 203 Ubuhamya François Munyarugamba, yahaye Komite i Kigali, kuwa 13 Werurwe 2008 204 MIP, Igitabo cya II, Imigereka, urup.278

57

Abatangabuhamya b’ingenzi babonye iyo mpanuka bari mu bice byinshi : hari abaturage bari batuye hafi yaho, abatekinisiye bo kibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe, abasirikare b’ingabo z’igihugu, abasirikare ba MINUAR bagenzuraga ikibuga cy’indege.

Abaturage bari batuye hafi yaho ihanurwa ryabereye

Kutamenya imiterere y’indege, amakuru yabo ntasobanutse ku byo babonye limwe na limwe ntibyumvikane. Bamwe muri abo batangabuhamya baravanga ibyo babonye n’ibyo babwiwe ku buryo ubuhamya bwabo ntacyo bwungura.

Abatekinisiye b’ikibuga cy’indege

Mu babibonye harimo komanda w’ikibuga cy’indege, umukuru w’amashanyarazi, abakozi b’itumanaho rya radio, abazimya umuriro, n’abagenzuzi babiri b’ikirere, umwe yari yakoze ku manywa indege igenda, undi yari ku kazi ni mugoroba indege igaruka bumviswe na Komite . Abenshi muri bo, nk’umugenzuzi na komanda wari ku izamu ntibongeye kubonana kuva muri 1994 kugeza igihe batangiye ubuhamya bwabo, aliko ubuhamya bwabo burahura ku ibimenyetso bifatika by’ibikorwa bikomeye byabereye ku kibuga cya Kanombe ku mugoroba w’ihanuka ry’indege. Umugenzuzi w’ikirere wari wakoze mu ijoro ry’uwa 4 n’uwa 5 Mata, Heri Jumapili, yatumenyesheje ko umwuka utari mwiza mbere y’uko indege ihaguruka, n’ibikorwa bidasanzwe by’urujijo mu myitegurire y’indege Falcon 50:

« Mu gitondo cy’uwa 06/04/1994, byari urujijo ku kibuga igihe biteguraga ko indege ya

Perezida ihaguruka. Uruhusa rwo guhaguruka rw’indege rwatinze kuboneka kandi

ubusanzwe kugirango indege ihaguruke iva ku kibuga ijya ku kindi, cyane cyane indege

z’abakuru b’ibihugu zigomba kubanza kubona urwo ruhusa. Impapuro z’uruhusa

zoherejwe muri ambasade y’u Rwanda yaho bagiye, kuri umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe

iby’indege no ku munara ugenzura kugirango babibamenyeshe.

Navuganye na komanda wari ku izamu, na serivice z’itumanaho rya radiyo yo ku butaka

bo bashoboraga kuvugana n’ikibuga k’indege cy’i Dar-es-Salaam no kubasaba kubaza

ambasade y’u Rwanda. Kuri jye byarantangaje kubona batarakoze ibyangombwa

by’indege ya Perezida hakiri kare. (…) nyuma yaho uruhusa ruraboneka ariko mu

magambo, indege ibona guhaguruka. Iryo kererwa naryanditse no mu gitabo, mushoboye

kukibona mwabireba205

.

Umugenzuzi w’ikirere wari ku kazi ku mugoroba w’ihanurwa ry’indege , Patrice Munyaneza, aratubwira uburyo bwa tekinike bujyanye n’amasaha yo kuguruka kw’indege, uko bitegura iyo indege igiye kugwa, uko indege yahanutse n’ibyakurikiye. Ku byerekeye amasaha n’imyiteguro , Munyaneza ati :

205 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rusizi, kuwa 28 Werurwe 2008

58

«Nari ku kazi mw’ijoro ryo kuwa 06 Mata 1994. Nahageze saa kumi n’ebyiri

z’umugoroba kugirango nsimbure ajida Gatera. Amafishi yari yateguwe ariko batari

bamenya isaha indege ihagerera. Nakomeje gutegereza, n’undi mugenzuzi twafatanyaga

witwa Aloys ari ku byuma by’itumanaho byarimo radio ifite ubushobozi bwo kuvugana

n’ibindi bibuga by’indege.

Hashize akanya gato, ikibuga cy’indege cy’i Dar-es-Salaam kitumenyesho ko indege ya

Perezida ihagurutse n’isaha bakekaga ko iza kuba irenze ikirere cya Tanzania iza mu

Rwanda ikaza kuhagera nka saa 20h26’. Nko mu ma saa moya utwaye indege ya

Perezida atubwira ko yegereye ikirere cy’u Rwanda, n’isaha bahagerera, kugirango

mbimenyeshe abazimya umuriro, abatanga ibimenyetso, Komanda wari ku izamu ku

kibuga, n’Abategetsi bagomba kumenya igaruka rya peresida.

Uyoboye indege yongera kumpamagara ageze mu kirere cy’u Rwanda, ambwira ko

aribukomeze akajya i Burundi ati untegurire plan de vol y’i Burundi.Mpita mbimenyesha

ubuyobozi bw’itumanaho mu by’indege ngo bohereze ubutumwa bw’urwo rugendo.

Hashize akanya, uwungirije umugenzuzi, aza kumbwira inkuru zerekeranye n’urugendo

rw’iyo ndege, akabimenyesha amaserivisi yose bireba y’ikibuga nka BCTA, abazimya

umuriro, na Komanda wari kw’izamu ku ikibuga.Yakomeje ahagaze impande yanjye

areba aho indege ya Perezida ituruka».

Uko indege yahanutse, Patrice Munyaneza ati:

«Biteguraga kumanuka ku butaka, indege twarayirebaga, ngiye guhamagara

umushoferi ngo muhe uruhusa rwo kumanuka numva urusaku ruturitse. Ndebye aho

indege ya Perezida ituruka, mbona umuriro.Nihutiye guhamagara utwara indege ariko

ntasubize. Unyungirije arambwira ati maze kubona ibisasu bitatu byakirana

bikurikiranye. Irya mbere ryaciye mu nsi y’indege, irya kabiri hejuru yayo, irya gatatu

niryo ryayihamije.Ntelefona abazimya umuriro ngo bajye kureba ibibaye aho ikibuga

kirangirira. Bagiye yo ariko ntacyo babonye kidasanzwe, bati indege yahanukiye hirya

y’ikibuga. Ako kanya amashanyarazi arazima bitegetswe na service z’umutekano».

Nyuma y’iryo hanuka, batangira kuka inabi umugenzuzi, batwara impapuro zerekeye urugendo rw’iyo ndege :

« Abasirikare babiri bari mu barinda Perezida, bari ku rubaraza rw’umunara

bakurikirana ibihabera bati ntihagire indi ndege mwemerera ko igwa. Bigeze mu gicuku,

Umuyobozi mukuru w’ayeronotike Simbizi Stany aherekejwe n’umusirikare mu

barindaga Perezida aza kumbaza nk’umutekinisiye uko byagenze. Ntangiye

kumusobanurira, bahita bankubita impande zose, batwara amakaye twakoreshaga,

amafishi, n’ibyerekeranye n’urwo rugendo byose, n’ibya ngombwa byanjye. Nyuma naje

kumenya ko batwaye amajwi yafatiwe kuri radio, ibiganiro byabaye hagati y’umugenzuzi

n’indege, ibiganiro byo kuri telefoni y’umunara w’umugenzuzi. Nagumye mu munara

59

w’umugenzuzi, ntayindi ndege yongeye kugwa, ikibuga cyari gifunze, amashanyarazi

yazimye. Hashize akanya indege y’Ababiligi C130 yashakaga kugwa bayisubizayo206

»

Umukomanda wari kw’izamu mukuru kuri uwo mugoroba, Cyprien Sindano, yitegereje uko byagenze, kuva indege ihanurwa kugeza ku byari bimaze kuba, yemeza ko indege bayirashe kabiri, ko amashanyarazi yabuze ku kibuga kw’itegeko ry’abasirikare barinda Perezida, ko impapuro zerekeye indege zatwawe na Simbizi n’abasirikare barinda Perezida mu mahane menshi bagiriye Umugenzuzi :

« Nari naraye izamu mw’ijoro ryo ku wa 06/04/1994, nageze ku kazi saa moya

mbwirwa ko indege ya Perezida iza kuza saa 20h30’. Nagumye mu biro ntegereje. Mbaza

umunara w’umugenzuzi niba bavuganye n’indege bati byakozwe. Dutangiye kubona

indege igana ku nzira ya 28, ndasohoka ngirango ndebe uko imanuka. Ako kanya mbona

isasu rihise hejuru y’indege, irya kabiri rikurikiraho rikubita indege ikiri hejuru,

irasandara n’urusaku rwinshi, amatara yayo arazima noneho hatangira kumvikana

amasasu impande zose z’ikibuga.

Nahise mbaza umunara w’umugenzuzi ibibaye, umugenzuzi ambwira ko yavuganaga

n’uyoboyeindege amuyobora uko ari bugwe hanyuma ntibongera kumvikana. Ati

nohereje abazimya umuriro ku nzira ya 28 ngo barebe bagire icyo bakora abasirikare

babasubiza inyuma. Abasirikare barinda Perezida batanga itegeko ryo kuzimya

amashanyarazi. Haba umwijima hose, buri muntu aguma aho ari. Abasirikare nibo

batemberaga. Hanyuma ntira isitimu abajandarume kugirango njye k’umunara

w’igenzura.

Ubwo sinari nzi umugenzuzi uri kw’izamu, ngeze yo mpasanga Simbizi n’umusirikare mu

barinda Perezida, bahata ibibazo umugenzuzi bamubwira nabi. Bamutwara ibya

ngombwa bye byose. Nyuma tujyana gutambagira ku kibuga hose. Abasirikare barindaga

Perezida bukaga inabi abakozi bose bo ku kibuga, batwara ibyo bahuye nabyo byose,

kugera no ku mafaranga. Twabaye aho mu mutekano muke kugeza igihe bahatuvaniye

nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri207

».

Umukuru w’abazimya umuriro wari ku kazi uwo mugoroba, Naasson Sengwegwe, nawe aratubwira uko byagenze.

«Bakibitubwira, twagiye aho ikibuga giherera dusanga indege igomba kuba yahanukiye hirya y’ikibuga. Twashatse gusohoka tunyuze mu muryango wegereye Magerwa,

abajandarume bari kw’izamu badusubiza inyuma kubera imbunda zumvikanaga hiryo no

hino y’ikibuga, nabo ubwabo bari babuze aho baca. Hagati aho amashanyarazi

n’amatelefone barabiciye. Nuko duhura n’umuyobozi mukuru w’iby’indege ari kumwe

n’ingabo zirinda Perezida, batangira kutubwira nabi, batwara ibyangombwa byacu.

206 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, kuwa 06 Werurwe 2008 207 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rusizi, kuwa 28 Werurwe 2008

60

Badufungirana mu nzu yakorerwagamo ibya tekiniki, baturindisha umujandarume.

Twagumye ku kazi ukwezi kose. Igihe inkotanyi zari zigeze hafi y’ikibuga, batwohereza i

Cyangugu gukora ku kibuga cya Kamembe208.»

Umumekanisiye wari kw’izamu, Crescent Dusabimana, arasobanura ukuntu ibintu byagiye bikurikirana.

« Navuye iwanjye saa kumi ngera ku kibuga saa kumi n’imwe. Nakoze izamu nshinzwe gucunga ibirekura amazi n’amapombo yabyo. Umunara w’umugenzuzi waraduhamagaye

kugirango twitegure gukora ku ndege ikimara kuhagera. Nazamutse mfite imashini

yongera amavuta mu ndege nka saa mbiri n’igice n’abarinda amatangisi n’abasirikare

barinze aho basohokera. Twabonaga indege iza, amatara yayo acanye, n’amatara

ayobora indege ku kibuga yarakaga. »

Ako kanya hazamuka inyenyeri nka kibonumwe yihuta nk’umurabyo, izima itaragera ku

indege. Iya kabiri yahamije indege, mu masegonda nk’atatu amatara ayobora indege

arazima. Nari nuriye n’umunyezamu ngirango nshyireho amapompe. Hari abasirikare bo

mu ngabo zirinda Perezida benshi bazanye amabisi ku kibuga. Umusirikare w’urwego

rwo hejuru mu ngabo zirinda Perezida ntari nzi, ahita mu ijipe yihuta cyane, avuga

cyane ngo : «Indege ya Perezida ntihanutse, ni intambara itangiye !»

Nagize ubwoba, njya kwihisha n’umunyezamu twari kumwe mu cyumba cy’abayobora

indege, ibikoresho twari dufite tubita aho twakoreraga. Tuguma aho n’ubwoba bwinshi

twumiwe. Hashize akanya twumva urufayo rw’amasasu mu kirere ariko ntibyatinze

nyuma haraswa urumuri rwaka cyane nkeka ko rwaturutse mu basirikare ba MINUAR.

Nko mu ma saa yine ntangira kwibaza uko biri bugende, nasize amapompe akora,

ngomba kuyafunga ku gipimo kugirango adashyuha cyane bigashya. Sinashoboraga

gusubira yo, amatelefone yari yacitse. Hanyuma negera abajandarume baraho ngo

bamperekeze nshyire ibintu mu buryo. Babaza komanda w’ikibuga, aduha ivatiri suzuki

yari kw’izamu. Ndagenda nkuraho amapompe nsigaho igitabo n’igipima amazi.

Ngarutse, numvise radio Burundi niyo yamenyesheje ko indege yari izanye Perezida

Habyarimana na Ntaryamira yahiye.

Bucyeye kw’itariki ya 07/04/1994 niho nasubiye ku kibuga gukurayo ibikoresho nasizeyo.

Ku kibuga hari ituze usibye amasasu wumvaga hirya no hino mu gace ka Kanombe kitwa

«Akajagari» harebana n’ikibuga.

Umunyezamu nari natumye itabi agaruka n’ubwoba bwinshi ati mbonye umuntu bishe

bamuziza ko ngo yaba yishimiye urupfu rwa Perezida. Nagumye ku kazi kuko

ntashoboraga kuhava ntawunsimbuye. Hagati y’umunsi wa gatatu n’uwa kane ukurikira

ihanurwa ry’indege, Kapiteni uyobora abagendarume yabategetse ko ngomba

kuhaguma209

»

208 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, kuwa 17 Werurwe 2008 209 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, kuwa 06 Gicurasi 2008

61

Uwari ushinzwe gukurikirana amashanyarazi, Anastase Munyarugerero, atubwira ko baciye amashanyarazi ako kanya nyuma y’ihanuka ry’indege, kw’itegeko ry’uwungirije umugenzuzi n’umusikikare wo mu ngabo zirinda Perezida.

« Mu ihanuka ry’indege nari muri santarale y’amashanyarazi ; nagombaga kuhaguma

kugirango nkemure ikibazo cy’umuriro. Sinamenye ibyo hanze. Amakuru namenyaga

nayahabwaga n’umunara w’umugenzuzi. Nagumye aho muri santarali y’amashanyarazi,

kugeza igihe umugenzuzi witwa Kayijuka Anastase n’umusirikare wo mu ngabo zirinda

Perezida ntazi izina baje kumbwira ko indege ya Perezida yahanutse ngo ninzimye

amashanyarazi. Mpita nyaca, baragenda, nsigara aho. Mu nyuma numvise urusaku

rw’amasasu ijoro ryose mu gice cya Kanombe210

»

Kuri icyo kibazo cyo kubura kw’amashanyarazi, bamwe mu basirikare bo mu ngabo zirinda Perezida bari bashinzwe umutekano kuri uwo mugoroba wa 06/ Mata 1994, bemeza ko mbere y’uko indege ihanuka hari habaye ibura ry’amashanyarazi nk’inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu ritatindaga, ntibazi niba ari ukubura k’umuriro bisanzwe cyangwa umunara w’umugenzuzi wabigizemo uruhare211. Venuste Nshimiyimana, wari ushinzwe iby’itangazamakuru muri MINUAR muri 1994, avuga ko afite amakuru aturutse ahantu hizewe ,ko indege ya Perezida ikigaragara mu kirere cya Kanombe, amatara ayobora indege hasi ku kibuga yahise azima

212.

Abasirikare barinda Perezida bari ku kibuga cy’indege

Abenshi mu basirikare bari ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe igihe indege yahanurwaga bari mu basirikare barinda Perezida bari bategereje ko agaruka. Bamwe muri bo bavuga ko babonye ibisasu bitatu byaka mbere yo kugirango indege ya Perezida iturikire mu kirere213. Hakurikiyeho gufungwa kw’ikibuga cy’indege bitegetswe n’abayobozi babo. Nyuma bumvise urufaya rw’amasasu ahakikije ikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe naho Perezida yari atuye. Baje kumenya ko abatangiye kurasa bari abasirikare basigaye muri ibyo bice barasaga baganisha mu cyerekezo cya Masaka. Elsaphan Kamali yari umwe mu basirikare bashinzwe kurinda Perezida, ari ku burinzi imbere mu munara aho yacungaga ibyo abagenzura ikirere bakoraga. Igihe indege yaraswaga, Kamali yari hejuru ku rubaraza rw’umunara areba uko indege iza. Ni umwe rero mu basirikare bavuzwe haruguru bakubise umugenzuzi w’ikirere Patrice Munyaneza. Kamali rero aravuga nk’umuntu wabyiboneye uko indege ya Perezida yarashwe aravuga ati :

« Ku munsi w’urugendo rwa Perezida, kuwa 06/04/1994, ku kibuga cy’indege hari amatsinda abiri y’abasirikare yasimburwaga. Itsinda rimwe ryari rishinzwe umutekano

210 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, kuwa 11 Werurwe 2008 211 Ikiganiro na Ntwarane Anastase, wari umujepe, Ngoma (Kibungo), kuwa 03 Nyakanga 2008 212 Vénuste Nshimiyimana, Prélude du génocide rwandais : Enquête sur les circonstances politiques et militaires du meurtre du président Habyarimana, Buruseli, Quorum, 1995, urup.77 213 Igisasu cya mbere benshi bavuga ko cyari icyo gutanga icyezezi

62

bwite wa Perezida irindi rishinzwe kurinda ikibuga cy’indege. Amatsinda yombi

yasubiraga mu kigo Perezida amaze kugenda akaza kugaruka agarutse. Twahageze nka

saa kumi n’ibyiri za mu gitondo we ahagera saa tatu. Abarinzi be baje mbere aza

abakurikiye. Ku mugoroba nari ku munara ugenzura ikirere nambaye imyenda ya

gisivili, ariko nakomezaga kuvugana n’abari hasi bari bambaye imyenda ya gisirikare

kugirango nze kubamenyesha indege ya Perezida niza. Twayibonye ituruka mu cyerkezo

cya Masaka ubwo igisasu cya mbere cyayiciye mu nsi. Icya kabiri cyayihamije ku ibaba

ry’ibumoso, icya gatatu gikubita aho abayobora indege bicara.

Ibisasu uko ari bitatu byaturukaga ahantu hamwe bisa nibishaka kuyihamya imbere,

igihe yamanukaga yitegura kugwa ikiri hejuru ya Nyandungu imaze kurenga ho gato

Masaka. Ibisasu byaturukaga hasi bigatumbika bisanga indege. Indege ikimara kuraswa,

ntiyahise ihanuka, yabanje kwaka umuriro ikimanuka, hanyuma yikubita ku rupangu

rw’amatafari ariho indabyo za bugenviriya. Ibaba rimwe ryaguye inyuma y’ikigo

rikubita igiti kigwa inyuma ya pisine. Muri twe abari bambaye imyenda ya gisivili

twajyanye n’imodoka ya gisirikare yari yatuzanye kugirango duhindure imyenda

twambare iya gisirikare turinde ikigo214

.»

Fawusitini Rwamakuba wari umwe mu basirikare barindaga Perezida yari ku kibuga cy’indege mu gitondo na ni mugoroba kuwa 06 Mata1994 yarashinzwe umutekano w’amasanduku n’ibindi byagombaga kujyana n’umukuru w’Igihugu. Aravuga uko yabibonye atanyuranije n’abandi, aravuga ati :

« Nari umwe mu barinzi bwite ba Perezida, nari ku kibuga cy’indege kuwa 06/04/1994 guhera isaa munani z’amanywa ntegereje ko indege ya Perezida igaruka. Twaje

kumenyeshwa ko indege ya Perezida iri buhagere isaha 20:25. Igihe kigeze umwe muri

bagenzi banjye witwa Karasanyi yadusabye kwitegura kuko indege yari ije kandi

tuyireba. Kuko nari nshinzwe gutwara imizigo nakije imodoka nicara niteguye. Ubwo

nibwo nabonye ikintu gisa n’inyenyeri kiguruka gisanga indege.

Nahise mbyibazaho menya ko ari indege ya Perezida yaraswaga kuko ibindi bisasu bibiri

byarashwe bisa n’ibituruka hirya y’ikibuga cy’indege bigana aho indege yaturukaga mu

cyerekezo cya Masaka. Ibyo bisasu byahamije indege iraka, iraturika, ihanukira aho

Perezida yari atuye. Hakurikiyeho urusasu rwaraswaga n’abasirikare bari aho ngaho

kwa Perezida. Ako kanya twahawe itegeko ryo gufunga ikibuga cy’indege n’ibikirimo

byose no kwitegura imirwano.

Nyuma ho gato haje kuza indege y’Ababiligi itwaye imizigo isaba kugwa

ntiyabyemererwa isubirayo. Hashize akanya abasirikare ba MINUAR b’Ababiligi bari ku

kibuga cy’indege baza kutubaza icyari kibaye no kugirango bagire icyo badufasha215

.»

Nsabimana Paul, yari mu basirikare barinda Perezida, ari ku burinzi bw’ikibuga ku mugoroba w’itariki 06/04/1994, aravuga ko we n’abagenzi be, bamenyeshejwe n’abari ku munara ko indege yari igiye kugwa, hanyuma babona ibibatsi bitatu, bizamuka biva hasi bikurikirana mu

214 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Ngororero kuwa 21 Kamena 2008 215 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, kuwa 29 Gashyantare 2008

63

masegonda atanu. Igisasu cya mbere cyahushije indege, icya kabiri kirayihamya, icya gatatu kirayituritsa. Ako kanya abakuru babo batanze itegeko ryo gufunga ikibuga, bakoresheje amabisi n’amakamyo kugirango he kugira indi ndege ihagwa. Aravuga ati :

« Jyewe na bagenzi banjye twageze ku kibuga cy’indege kuwa 06 Mata 1994 byenda

kugera saa munani. Nari nshinzwe kurinda umunara w’ikibuga, mpagaze mu mwanya

wanjye bugufi yawo, ndabyibuka neza cyane. Nk’isaha ebyiri z’umugoroba,

twamenyeshejwe ko indege yari ije. Nari hejuru ku rubaraza rw’umunara, umusivili wari

imbere mu munara atumenyesha ko indege ya Perezida yari itangiye kwitegura kugwa

nko mu minota itanu. Ubwo rero twatangiye kureba mu kirere tubona indege ituruka mu

cyerekezo cya Masaka. Narayibonaga neza cyane. Iyo ndege yamaze kugera aho mu

cyerekezo cya Masaka mbona ikintu gisa n’icyogajuru cyaka cyane giturutse hasi

gisanga indege. Icyo cyarayihushije. Icya kabiri cyayihamije ku ibaba. Icya gatatu

kiyicamo kabiri. Indege ubwo yatangiye gushya, hanyuma ihanukira kwa Perezida.

Hagati y’ibisasu byarashwe hari akanya k’amasegonda nk’atanu. Ndabyibuka neza

narabyiboneye ntabwo nshobora kuzabyibagirwa. Ibisasu byatumbikaga bituruka mu nsi

yaho indege yari igeze. Ako kanya umuyobozi w’itsinda ryacu, Ajida Semutaga yaduhaye

itegeko ryo gufunga ikibuga kugirango hatagira indi ndege ihagwa. Twakoresheje

amabisi n’amakamyoneti yari aho ngaho kugirango dufunge ikibuga. Abari mu munara

bose bategetswe kuvamo baramanuka. Hanyuma abasirikare bafata imyanya ku kibuga

aho indege zamanukiraga.216

». Twagirayezu Innocent, nawe wari mu bari bashinzwe uburinzi bwite bwa Perezida, wari utegereje n’abandi ko agaruka , avuga ko yumvise ibisasu bitatu biturika, hanyuma amatara agahita azima ku kibuga, hagakurikiraho urufayo rw’amasasu muri Kanombe. Aravuga ati :

«Abarinda Perezida bahageze isaa saba n’igice, ariko indege ya Perezida ntiyabonetse

kugera isaa mbiri n’amakumyabiri z’umugoroba. Liyetona Mboneko wari utuyoboye,

yamenyeshejwe ko indege igiye kuhagera mu minota itanu. Mu gihe neza indege yari imaze gufata umurongo wo kugwa, harashwe ibisasu bitatu bikurikiranye vuba, icya

gatatu kiyihamya ikiri mu kirere. Icyo gihe ku kibuga aho binjirira naho basohokera hose

harafungwa, amashanyarazi n’amatelefoni biracika. Icyo gihe habaye urufayo

rw’amasasu muri Kanombe. Nyuma yaho aba ofisiye bakuru bo ku cyicaro gikuru

cy’ingabo batangira gukora inama. Jye natekereje ko Leta ifashwe217

».

Uko ikibuga cy’indege cyafunzwe n’inzira zinyuramo zigeze hasi igashyirwamo ibintu by’inzitizi byahamijwe na Kaporali Mudakikwa Félicien wari mu mutwe w’abarinda Perezida kuva muri 1989 kugera 1994 yari ku kazi ku kibuga ku mugoroba w’ihanurwa ry’indege. Kimwe na Twagirayezu Innocent aravuga ko itegeko ryo gukora ibyo ryatanzwe na Liyetona Mboneko wari ukuriye abashinzwe kurinda Perezida bari aho ku kibuga kuri uwo mugoroba218.

Ubu buhamya bw’abari bashinzwe kurinda Perezida, bari ku kazi kuri uwo mugoroba indege yahanuriweho burasa n’ubw’undi musirikare Silas Siborurema, wari warakomerekeye mu

216 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, kuwa 20 Kamena 2008 217 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, kuwa 28 Gashyantare 2008 218 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, kuwa 28 Gashyantare 2008

64

ntambara. Uwo mugoroba yari mu kigo cya gisirikare i Kanombe nawe yiboneye ibyabaye. Aravuga ati :

«Maze gukomerekera mu ntambara muri 1992, nemerewe gukomeza kwigira ubuforomo i

Kanombe; ni cyo gituma nari ndi mu kigo cya Kanombe kw’itariki 06/04/1994. Kuri uwo

mugoroba nari muri serivisi ishinzwe ubuvuzi bw’indwara zo mu mubiri. Nabonye indege

ya Perezida iza. Muri ako kanya numvise ibisasu bitatu bituritse, bimeze nk’ibya mortier

hanyuma ndareba. Igisasu cya mbere cyayihushije ho gato, icya kabiri cyarayihamije

gituma itangira kugenda nabi mu kirere, icya gatatu kiyihamije irazimira. Muri ako

kanya nabonye umuriro uturuka aho Perezida Habyarimana yari atuye. Ibyo bisasu

byaturukaga ku ruhande rw’ibumoso rw’indege yari imaze kugera hejuru y’ikibaya cya

Nyarugunga bisa naho byashakaga kuyirasa amababa. Indege yahanukiye bugufi y’ikigo

imaze kwambukiranya ikibaya. Jye natekereje ko ihanukiye kuri EFOTEK219

. Uko

nabibonye rero ibisasu ntabwo byaturukaga imbere y’indege cyangwa inyuma yayo,

byaturukaga ku ruhande rw’ibumoso bizamuka bitumbitse. Ako kanya indege ikimara

kuzimira, abasirikare barindaga Perezida batangiye kurasa mu cyerekezo cya Masaka.

Nyuma yaho mu gicuku i Kanombe urufayo rw’amasasu rurasubira kugeza mu gitondo.

Muri iryo joro haje kuza indi indege nyuma y’iya Perezida , iguma mu kirere nk’iminota

cumi n’itanu hanyuma iragenda itaguye220

».

Abasirikare ba MINUAR bari mu kazi ku kibuga cy’indege n’abari mu itsinda ry’Ababiligi bari bashinzwe ubutwererane n’u Rwanda muri tekinike ya gisirikare

Nk’uko inshingano zayo zari zimeze, MINUAR yari yarashyize abasirikare bayo mu bice bitandukanye bya Kigari harimo n’ikibuga mpuzamahanga cya Kanombe cyari kirinzwe n’abasirikare b’Ababiligi n’umutwe w’abajandarume b’Abanyarwanda bari muri kompanyi ishinzwe ikibuga cya Kanombe. Abo basirikare ba MINUAR babashije kwibonera n’amaso yabo, uko ihanurwa ry’indege ryabaye, bakanasobanura kurushaho uko ibintu byagenze. Kaporali Mathieu Gerlache yari umwe mu itsinda ry’abasirikare b’Ababiligi bageze mu Rwanda kuwa 27 Werurwe 1994. Umukuru wa kompanyi yabo yakoreraga mu munara wa kera ufite hafi metero eshashatu z’ubuhagarike. Igorofa ya nyuma y’uwo munara yari izengurutswe n’ibirahuri hose aho ibyuma by’itumanaho byari biri. Ku itariki ya 06/04/1994, Mathieu Gerlache yari ku kazi ku munara wa kera, ari kw’izamu ry’itumanaho. Kompanyi ye yari ishinzwe gukorera ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe kuva isaa moya z’umugoroba kugeza isaa tatu. Gerlache aravuga ko yabonye indege iza igana ku muhanda w’ikibuga indege zimanukiraho. Abanza kwibwira icyo gihe ko iyo ndege ishobora kuba yari C 130 y’Ababiligi yagombaga kuza uwo mugoroba. Yasohotse mu munara ajya kureba iyo ndege uko yazaga. Yabonye utuntu tubiri twaka umuriro duturutse mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe

219 Ishuri ry’imyuga rya Kanombe riri hafi y’ikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe 220 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyaruguru, kuwa 18 Mata 2008

65

tugana indege. Ariko ntabwo yashoboraga kutwumva. Hashize akanya gato yumvise imbunda zirasa urufaya rw’amasasu ruturuka ku kigo cy’i Kanombe munsi y’ikibuga n’andi yaraswaga n’abasirikare barindaga aho Perezida yari atuye. Aravuga ati :

« Ikigo cy’ingabo z’ u Rwanda cya Kanombe cyari nko muri kilometero imwe n’igice upimiye mu kirere uvuye ku kibuga. Nari mu munara wa kera wari ufite metero

nk’eshanu cyangwa esheshatu. Umukuru wa kompanyi yacu n’ibyuma by’itumanaho

byari ku igorofa ya nyuma y’umunara. Iyo gorofa ya nyuma yari izengurutswe

n’ibirahuri hose. Uri muri uwo munara yashoboraga kubona inzira zosez’indege zazaga

ku kibuga aliko ikigo cya gisirikare ntabwo cyagaragaraga kuko cyari ahagana munsi

y’ikibuga.

Kuwa 06 Mata 1994 nko mu masaa mbiri n’igice ni mugoroba nari ku izamu

ry’itumanaho mbona amatara ayobora indege zimanuka aratse. Aha ndashaka

gusobanura ko ayo matara yabaga ajimije igihe cyose. Yatswaga gusa igihe bayoboraga

indege aho imanukira. Nasohotse mu munara njya hanze negamira

umuzengurukow’urubaraza rw’igorofa yo hejuru nshaka kureba iyo ndege yari ije.

Ndahamya nimazeyo ko amatara atigeze azima igihe indege yari mo kuza. Yazimye

indege imaze guhanuka ariko ndumva ntashobora kubabwira igihe byamaze ngo azime.

Igihe indege yazaga igana ikibuga ntabwo twari tuzi iyo ariyo. Nabonye ikintu cyaka kiva

ku butaka, nabonaga gituruka mu kigo cya KANOMBE. Ngiye kuvuga ibara ry’icyo kintu

cyakaga navuga ko ryari igitare, gisa n’inyenyeri ya kibonumwe. Mbonye ko cyaka

kigana mu cyerekezo cy’indege, ni bwo natekereje ko kigomba kuba ari misile.

Icyo gihe amatara y’indege yarazimye ariko ntabwo yahise iturika. Ayo matara ntabwo

yongeye kwaka. Igitekerezo ko iyo ndege yaraswaga ibisasu cyahamye ari uko mbonye

ikindi kintu cyaka gisa n’icya mbere kivuye vuye aho icya mbere cyaturutse kijya aho

indege iri. Icyo gihe indege yaraturitse igwa nko mu metero magana atanu uvuye aho

PEREZIDA yari atuye hari mu nzira indege zinyuramo zije kugwa

Ubwo hashize akanya indege ikimara guturika numvise urufaya rw’amasasu.

Nashoboraga kureba impande zose z’ikibuga nkumva amasasu asa naho aturikira

cyangwa aturuka aho PEREZIDA yari atuye harimo n’ibisasu bimurika cyane.

Sinshobora kwibuka neza igihe ayo masasu yamaze. Igihe indege yaturikaga nta

musirikare n’umwe w’ingabo z’u Rwanda nashoboye kubona ku kibuga cy’indege.

Ibyo bikimara kuba, nabibwiye Komanda wa kompanyi wari bugufibwanjye, Kapiteni

CHOFFRAY, mubwira ko hari indege imaze guturika irashwe na misile ebyiri.

Iyo nkuru ntabwo yayifashe nk’ukuri, ahubwo nk’isaha imwe nyuma y’ibyo, yavugiye ku

muyoboro w’itumanaho ko hagomba kuba ari ububiko bw’amasasu bwari bumaze

guturikira i Kanombe. Komanda wa kompanyi yanjye, Kapiteni Vandriessche yagiye ku

gice cya gisivili k’ikibuga bamubwira ko yari indege ya PEREZIDA Habyarimana yari

66

imaze guturika. Agarutse, Kapiteni Vandriessche, ako kanya yabwiye ukuri inzego zo

hejuru ku byabaye221 ».

Undi uvuga ko yabonye ikibatsi cy’umuriro gituruka ku ruhande rw’ibumoso rw’indege, hagakurikiraho guturika kwayo, ni umusirikare w’Umubiligi wo muri MINUAR witwa Moreau Nicolas wari ushinzwe aho babikaga ibikoresho. Igihe indege yahanurwaga yari i Rutongo imbere y’ikigo cy’ababikira, igihe cyo kurinda ububiko bwa MINUAR bwari buhari kirangiye amanuka asubira i Kigali. Aho yari, Nicolas Moreau yabashije kubona ibisasu bigenda n’indege iturika.

«Ku mugoroba w’iya 6/4/1994 nari hamwe na section yanjye mu kigo cy’ababikira sinshobora kwibuka aho ari ho)

222, twasimburanaga buri masaha abiri. Twari turangije

igihe cyacu mbona mu kirere ( ariko icyo gihe sinarinzi ko bibereye mu cyerekezo cyo

hirya y’ikibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe)mbere ikibatsi cy’umuriro gisa n’ironji

rihishije.iki kibatsi cyaka cyane cyatumbagiye mu kirere hanyuma kimanutse mbona icya

kabiri nacyo gitumbagiye gituruka aho icya mbere cyaturutse Iki cyahagaze mu kirere

mbona indimi z’umuriro zirisukiranya ariko sinumva igituritse. Ibishashi by’umuriro

bigeze hasi mbona ikibumbe cy’umuriro cyakurikiwe n’urusasu rw’ikintu gituritse.

Nahise ntekereza ko ari indege irashwe. Sinigeze mbona iyo ndege kuko hari umwijima

Byari mu ma saa mbiri z’ijoro. Kaporali CORNET wari iruhande rwanjye nawe

yarabibonye. Bagenzi bacu bari inyuma y’imbuda ya UNIMOG, ndakeka ko bumvise

gusa icyaturitse nyuma cyavuyemo ikibumbe kinini cy’umuriro cyasandariye hasi

kikisanza. Sinshobora gusobanura neza ibyo nabonye kuko twari kure cyane y’aho

byabereye kandi ari nijoro. Icyo nakongeraho nkurikije aho n arindi nuko misile zombi

zazamukaga mu kirere ziva iburyo zigana ibumoso. Inguni y’ubuzamuke bwazo yari nka

70° 223

».

Bamaze kubona ubu buhamya, abagize Komite bibajije niba byarashobokaga kugirango umuntu uri i Rutongo abashe kubona ibyaberaga i Kanombe cyangwa Masaka? Rutongo iri nko muri kilometero icumi kuva i Kigali. Bahagaze aho Nicolas Moreau yari ari bagerageza kureba ko ibyo yavuze ari byo. Basanze aho yari ahagaze ari ku gasozi karekare umuntu uhari ashobora kubona neza ibyaka umuriro nijoro cyangwa ku manywa hatari ibicu. Uhagaze aho rero abona ikibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe, ikigo cya gisirikare n’inzu ya Perezida. Imisozi ya Masaka na Rusororo nayo iragaragara, ariko akabande ka CEBOL aho bavuze misile zaturutse ntabwo hagaragara. Ntibishoboka rero ko umuntu uri i Rutongo ashobora kuba yarabonye misile zituruka muri ako kabande kuko hagati y’aho na Masaka hari indi misozi miremire. Nicolas Moreau aravuga ko inguni y’ubuzamuke bwamisile yari nko kuri dogere 70. Komite yasabye inzobere mu gukora amakarita, byerekana ko CEBOL itashoboraga kuba ariho izo misile zaturutse ahubwo ko iyo nguni ya 70° hagati yaho indege yari iri naho misile zaturutse bigaragaza ko zarasiwe mu gice cy’ikigo cya Kanombe kuko iyo bituruka CEBOL byajyaga gukora inguni ya 30°224.

221 Inyandikomvugo y’ubuhamya n° 759/94 bwo kuwa 30 Gicurasi 1994 Gerlache Mathieu yahaye burigade ya jandarumeri, umutwe cy’abagenzacyaha cya Buruseli 222 Raporo ya KIBAT isobanura ko hari i Rutongo, urup.8 223 Inyandikomvugo y’ubuhamya Moreau Nicolas yahaye ubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare i Buruseli kuwa 3/6/1994 224 Reba ku ikarita

67

68

69

Ubundi buhamya bw’uwabyiboneye bwatanzwe na Muganga Pasuch Massimo, wari mu butwererane bwa gisirikare hagati y’u Bubuligi n’u Rwanda, wari ufite ipeti rya Liyetona Koloneli. Yakoreraga mu bitaro bya gisirikare bya Kanombe mu rwego rw’ubutwererane hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Bubirigi. Yari atuye mu mazu y’abasirikare bakuru mu kigo cya Kanombe, mu metero 300 kuva aho Perezida yari atuye. Avuga ko yumvise ibyuka byakurikiwe n’urwamu rw’ibisasu bibiri, abona indege ishya ihanukira ku gipangu n’ubusitani by’aho Perezida yari atuye. Nawe aratangazwa n’ukuntu abasirikare batangiye kwica abantu ako kanya. Aravuga ati :

« Ndi umwe mu babonye neza uko indege yahanutse. Ku mugoroba w’itariki 06/04/94

nk’isaha imwe yenda kugeza n’igice ni ukuvuga nk’ isaha imwe na makumyabiri (19.20),

nari mu ruganiriro rwaho nari ntuye. Ubwa mbere nabanje kumva urusaku rw’icyuka mu

kirere, hanyuma mbona urumuri rwihuta cyane nka kibonumwe rw’ibara risa n’icunga

rihishije. Nabanje kwibaza niba hari umuntu utangiye kwizihiza ibirori bye akoresha

udutara duturikira mu kirere. Icyo cyuka cyakurikiwe n’urwamu rw’ibisasu bibiri. Icyo

gihe sinongeye kumva urusaku rw’indege.

Nabanje gutekereza ko hahanuwe indege C130 (B) yagombaga kuhagera uwo mugoroba.

Narasohotse ngeze hanze mbona ikintu cy’ikibumbe cy’umuriro kigwa aho Perezida yari

atuye, nko mu metero 300 cyangwa 400 kuva aho nari ntuye. Hagati yo guturika

kw’ibisasu no kujya hanze, ikirere cyari gitangajwe n’urumuri rw’umuhondo waka

cyane, bisa naho kimuritswe n’ibisasu bitanga urumuri ariko ibara ari umuhondo waka

cyane nk’ikibatsi cy’umuriro.

Nakoresheje icyombo cy’ubwoko bwa‘Kenwood’ nari mfite menyesha ajuda CTM-

Daubie, Liyetona Koloneli Duvivier na ADC Lechat ariko uwo we yari yahejejwe ku

kibuga cy’indege adashobora gutarabuka. Ibi ndabivugira ko natangajwe n’ukuntu

ingabo za FAR zihutiye bidasanzwe kurasa. Mu gihe kitageze ku minota cumi n’itanu,

twebwe tukirimo kumenyesha MINUAR ibyo tumaze kubona, imbunda zatangiye kuraswa

ubutitsa. Njye numvaga zisa naho zituruka aho ikibuga cy’indege gitangiriye, ziganisha

mu cyerekezo cya Kabuga.

Amakuru nabashije kumenya aturutse mu kigo cya Kanombe ni ayo nakuye

ahakizengurutse atangwa n’abakozi bo mu rugo n’abihayimana. Abatutsi batangiye

kwicwa iryo joro, abo mu mashyaka ya politike atavuga rumwe na Leta, n’abo

yakekagaho kutayishyigikira, barasahuwe, bamwe batangira kwicwa guhera mu ijoro

ryakurikiyeho. Mu ijoro rya gatatu hatangiye kwicwa kandi mu buryo bwasaga

nk’ubwateguwe, abantu bose bashoboraga guhamya ko biboneye n’amaso yabo uko

indege yahanuwe. Aha ndashaka kwibutsa ko igihuha cyari cyatangiye gukwirakwizwa

ko ibisasu byahanuye indege byarasiwe kuri CND aho abasirikare ba FPR bari bari.

Kubera ko ibyo bitari bifite aho bishingiye, birasa naho abashoboraga guhamya ko

babyiboneye bagombaga kuzimira.

Kuwa gatandatu mu gitondo, umugore wa Jean-Michel wari ajida mukuru mu

b’aparakomando b’Abafaransa, yaje iwacu arira, avuga ko umukozi we wo mu rugo yari

amaze kumubwira ko ahonotse ubwicanyi bukabije muri za karitsiye zibakikije,

70

ko abicanyi ntawe basigaga, kandi ko Ababiligi aribo bahanuye indege. Atubwira ko

tugomba guhunga vuba uko bishoboka kose.

(…)Kugirango tubashe kuva Kanombe twabifashijwemo na komanda w’abaparakomando

b’Abafaransa De Saint Quentin na Majoro Ntabakuze wari komanda wa batayo

y’abaparakomando b’Abanyarwanda.

Ndagirango nibutse ko indege ikimara guhanurwa, nahamagaye Komanda De Saint

Quentin ngirango ndebe ukuntu twafatanya numva ibintu byacitse. Umugore we ansubiza

ko abasirikare b’Abafaransa bari bagiye aho indege yahanukiye. Uwo mukomanda

w’Umufaransa yaje kumbwira nyuma ko byasaga naho aribo bonyine bemerewe kwegera

aho ibisigazwa by’indege biri. Yambwiye ko bategereje kugirango bucye barebe ko

babona agasanduka kirabura. Abantu bari batuye aho hafi bari bahungiye mu nzu

y’abagore babyariramo y’ibitaro bya Kanombe babwira ababikira ko ubwicanyi bwo mu

ijoro rya gatatu bwasaga n’ubwateguwe bwari bwategetswe n’abakuru b’ingabo

z’abaparakomanda ba Kanombe.

(…) Icyo nakongeraho ni uko inshuti z’Abafaransa twabanaga i Kigali kandi n’ubu

tukivugana kuri telefoni zisa naho zihamya ko Brigitte Minaberi umugore wa pilote

wungirije w’indege ya Perezida yari afite iradiyo ye bwite yumva uko indege irimo kuza.

Yumvise ibiganiro binyuranye nk’inshuro eshanu birimo ko umunara w’ikibuga

cy’indege cya Kanombe wabazaga niba Perezida w’Uburundi ari muri iyo ndege n’uko

Perrine wari umukanishi w’indege bamwumvise avuga ati : "Ese ko bajimije amatara ku

kibuga".

Icyo nzi ni uko abari bayoboye iyo ndege ya Perezida bari aba bakurikira :

Hérault : wari kapiteni, Minaberi : wari umwungirije, na Perinne bitaga ‘Pépé wari

umukanishi w’indege. Aba bantu twari inshuti twajyaga tubonana kenshi.(...) Hari

ibihuha bivuga ko ihanurwa ry’indege ryateguwe n’abari ku ruhande rwa Leta rugizwe

n’intagondwa za ba CDR, harimo baramu ba Perezida nka Koloneli Bagosora na

Sagatwa hamwe na Baransaritse na Serubuga. Ntabwo nzi nagato niba ingabo z’u

Rwanda icyo gihe zari zifite misile 225

».

Muri rusange ubuhamya bwose bwatanzwe n’abari i Kanombe hari ingingo zihariye buhurizaho. Indege ya Perezida yararashwe iturikira mu kirere imaze kurenga Masaka. Yahamijwe n’ibisasu bibiri cyangwa bitatu. Inzobere mu by’imbunda bavuga ko zari misile. Ibisasu byaturikiraga ahantu bugufi yaho indege yasandariye. Nyuma yo guhanuka kw’indege habayeho urufaya rw’amasasu, araswa n’abasirikare bari barinze aho Perezida yari atuye, hagakurikiraho abo mu kigo cya Kanombe, cyane cyane abari kuri EFOTEK226, bose barasaga mu cyerekezo cya

225 Inyandikomvugo d’Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na 9.5.1994 de Pasuch Massimo par de l’auditorat militaire de Buruseli. 226 Ubuhamya bwa Ntoranyi Protais yatangiye Huye, kuwa 24Gicurasi2008 ; ubwa Mutaganda Innocent, yatangiye i Rubavu, kuwa 29 Gashyantare 2008 (uyu yari ayoboye igice cya batayo y’aba parakommando cyari kuri EFOTEK ku mugoroba wo kuwa 6 Mata)

71

Masaka. Izo mbunda zumviswe n’abantu benshi bari batuye mu bice bitandukanye bya Kigali kure ya Kanombe227. Ako kanya hakurikiyeho gutsemba abatutsi bari batuye mu Kajagari, bugufi y’ikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe hamwe n’abari abaturanyi ba Perezida. Iryo joro ubwo bwicanyi bwakomeje kwiyongera mu bice byose bya Kanombe. Bucyeye mu gitondo, imirambo itabarika yari yuzuye mu mihanda ya Kanombe.

Uko bangiye MINUAR kugera aho indege yahanukiye

Ku mugoroba w’ihanurwa ry’indege, habaye inama yihutirwa yabereye ku cyicaro gikuru cy’ingabo, iyobowe na Koloneli Bagosora. Jenerali Dallaire wari wayitumiwemo asaba ko MINUAR yarinda aho indege yari yahanukiye kugirango hakorwe iperereza ry’ukuri. Dallaire atangaza ko: «Bagosora yabyemeye vuba cyane, ku buryo nahise ntekereza ko nta kintu yari afite cyo guhisha cyangwa se cyaba gihari akaba yari yarangije kugihisha

228». Abatangabuhamya bo

muri MINUAR n’abo mu Ngabo z’Igihugu bemeza ko MINUAR ntako itagize ngo igere aho indege yahanukiye, ariko abasirikare barindaga Perezida bakabangira229. Bangiye n’abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro ku kibuga cy’indege kuhagera kugirango bazimye umuriro230. Uko Koloneli Luc Marchal yabibonye arasobanura agira ati :

«Ku wa 06/04/1994 isaa yine n’igice z’ijoro, nahamagawe na Dallaire ku cyicaro gikuru cy’Ingabo z’Igihugu. Hari Jenerali Dallaire, Jenerali Ndindiliyimana, Koloneli Rusatira,

Koloneli Bagosora n’aba ofisiye bakuru bo ku cyicaro gikuru cy’Ingabo z’Igihugu na

Gendarumeri na njye ubwanjye. Nahageze saa tanu na cumi n’itanu ( 23.15) kubera

amabariyeri yari yashyizweho na batayo ya RECCE yo mu ngabo z’Igihugu,. Inama

yarangiye saa munani z’ijoro (2.00). Muri iyo nama Jenerali Dallaire yasabye ko

bakongera abaherekeza n’abarinda abategetsi b’Abanyarwanda. Yasabye n’uko

yakohereza abasirikare aho indege yahanukiye kugirango harindwe n’Umuryango

w’Abibumbye. Icyo cyifuzo cyahise cyangwa n’abasirikare bakuru b’Abanyarwanda. Mu

nama, abavugaga cyane ni Jenerali Ndindiliyimana na Koloneli Rusatira; ahubwo

natangajwe no guceceka kwa Koloneli Bagosora».

Nanjye nashyigikiye cyane icyifuzo cyo kohereze abasirikare ba MINUAR aho indege

yahanukiye. Twemeranijwe ko umusirikare mukuru wo mu Ngabo z’Igihugu azaba ari

kuri parikingi y’Ikibuga cy’Indege cya Kanombe kugirango yorohereze aba KIBAT

kuhagera. Aliko nta musirikare w’Ingabo z’Igihugu wahageze, nyamara Koloneli

Rwabalinda wari umuhuza w’ingabo z’u Rwanda n’iza MINUAR, yakomezaga

227 Serija Muhutu Corneille wari mu kigo cy’abajepe kuri uwo mugoroba avuga ko yabyumvise : Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, kuwa 14 Gicurasi 2008 228 Roméo Dallaire, J’ai serré la main du diable, Ukuboza 2003, pp 293 229 Rapport du Sénat de Belgique, p.397 230 Ubuhamya Sengwegwe Naasson (umuzimyamuriro wari ku izamu ku kibuga cy’indege mu ijoro ryo kuwa 6 Mata 1994) yahaye Komite i Kigali, kuwa 15 Mata 2008 ; ubwa Serija Barananiwe Jean-Marie Vianney (umujepe wari ushinzwe umutwe wari urinze aho Perezida yari atuye ku mugoroba wo kuwa 06 Mata 1994) yahaye Komite i Kigali, kuwa 28 Gicurasi 2008

72

kubitwizeza. Ubwo rero ntitwashoboye kuhagera ngo turinde aho indege yahanukiye

231 ».

Mu rwego rw’imikoranire n’Ingabo z’Igihugu, MINUAR yohereje irondo i Kanombe kugirango irinde aho indege yahanukiye, ariko bahagarikwa n’Ingabo zirinda Perezida ijoro ryose, kandi icyo gihe abasirikare b’Abafaransa bo bari aho indege yahanukiye. Liyetona Sebashyitsi wari uyoboye ingabo zirinda Perezida, zishinzwe umutekano waho yari atuye, yategetse abantu be kwirukana umusirikare cyangwa umukozi uwari we wese wa MINUAR wagerageza kugera aho indege yahanukiye 232. Duhereye ku bintu uko byakurikiranye kuva kw’itariki ya 06 kugeza ku ya 19 Mata 1994, nkuko byanditswe na kapiteni CSHEPKENS wari umuhuza wa KIBAT n’icyicaro gikuru cya MINUAR mu karere ka Kigali, gahunda yo kugenzura aho indege yahanukiye yari yateganijwe guhera saa saba n’iminota mirongo ine z’ijoro mu buryo bukurikira : IRONDO RYA KANOMBE

a. I saa saba n’iminota mirongo ine (01.40) Majoro DE LOECKER wari umusirikare mukuru

mu kicaro cya MINUAR akarere ka Kigali, yasabye ko hagira itsinda ry’abasirikare

yyoherezwa i Kanombe kureba neza aho indege yahanukiye. Abo bireba bose baravuganye

kugirango hataza kuvuka ikibazo. Icyo gikorwa cyagombaga kuyoborwa na Kapiteni

VANDRIESSCHE.

b. Byenda kugera saa cyenda n’iminota mirongo ine n’itanu (03.45), Komanda wa batayo,

Liyetona Koloneli DEWEZ yabwiye kapiteni VANDRIESSCHE ko ku kicaro cya MINUAR

gishinzwe akarere ka Kigali bari bamaze kumubwira ko hari umusirikare mukuru w’ingabo

z’u Rwanda wagombaga kuza ku kibuga cy’indege kugirango ayobore abo basirikare

abajyane i Kanombe. Uwo musirikare mukuru ntabwo yigeze aza.

c. I saa kumi z’ijoro (04h.) Komanda w’icyicaro cya MINUAR gishinzwe akarere ka Kigali,

Koloneli BEM MARCHAL yasobanuye neza ko abo basirikare bari bashinzwe kurinda aho

indege yahanukiye kugirango hatagira igihindurwa. Yabajije niba abashinzwe gutegura

ibisasu barashoboraga kumenya ukuntu indege yarashwe. Komanda wa batayo Liyetona

Koloneli DEWEZ amubwira ko bitashoboka. Komanda Koloneli BEM MARCHAL avuga ko

yavuganye n’icyicaro gikuru cy’ingabo z’u Rwanda, nabo bavuga ko bavuganye

n’abasirikare bari i Kanombe kwemerera no kuyobora itsinda ry’abasirikare b’Ababiligi ba

MINUAR bagombaga kujya kurinda aho indege yahanukiye kugeza igihe hazira abashinzwe

kugenzura iby’uko iyo ndege yahanutse.

.

d. I saa kumi n’iminota cumi n’itanu (04.15) komanda wungirije w’umutwe w’abasirikare

wari ushinzwe kurinda ikibuga cy’indege, Liyetona VERMEULEN yari ku kibuga agerageza

231 Ubuhamya Koloneli Luc Marchal yahaye ubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare i Buruseli, kuwa 11 Ukwakira 1994 ImigerekaA/1 w’Inyandikomvugo N°1575 (ku byerekeye Ntuyahaga) 232 Ubuhamyas abakaporali b’abajepe Segatama Emmanuel na Zigirumugabe Grégoire, bahaye Komite i Kigali, kuwa 04 Kanama 2008 no kuwa 06 Kanama 2008 ; n’ubwo Serija Iyamuremye Emmanuel yahaye Komite i Kigali, kuwa 24 Nyakanga 2008 no kuwa 11 Kanama 2008.

73

gukemura ikibazo cy’Ajida CANTINEAUX, bari bahejejwe kuri bariyeri aho bari basanzwe

binjirira ku kibuga cy’indege. Liyetona VERMEULEN rero yabonye amabwiriza, ava aho ngaho

afata umuhanda wa Kanombe ajyanye na serija MAUFROID. Banyuze imbere y’umuryango

munini w’ikibuga cy’indege bahura n’inzitizi nkeya ariko nta bariyeri yari igihari.

Bageze ku muryango w’ikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe, abasirikare baharinze babirukanye

bababwira nabi cyane. Byaragaragara ko abo basirikare ba Kanombe batari bahawe

amabwiriza yo kubareka ngo banyureho.

e. Ubwo rero itsinda ryarahindukiye, bimenyeshwa Col BEM MARCHAL, ababwira kuguma

bugufi aho bategereje ko avugana n’abasirikare b’u Rwanda. Kw’itegeko rya komanda wa

batayo Liyetona Koloneli DEWEZ iryo tsinda ribanza kujya ahantu hagati y’ikibuga cy’indege

n’aho binjiriraga ikigo cya KANOMBE. Kuko komanda mukuru w’ingabo za MINUAR mu

karere ka Kigali, Koloneli BEM MARCHAL atari yabashije kumvikana n’abasirikare b’u

Rwanda, komanda wa batayo Liyetona Koloneli DEWEZ yahaye komanda wungirije Liyetona

VERNEULEN amabwiriza yo kujya ku munara w’ikibuga wa kera. Komanda wungirije,

Liyetona Verneulen, yongera kunyura imbere y’umuryango mukuru w’ikibuga, ariko

ahagarikwa kuri N8.

I saa kumi n’imwe n’iminota mirongo ine (05.40) aguma hagati ya N8 na N9, mu gihe

abasirikare b’u Rwanda bashyiraga bariyeri ku muhanda wa Kibungo.

Nkuko Dallaire abivuga, Koloneli Bagosora yari yamusezeranije ko agiye gutegeka abasirikare bari kwa Perezida bakareka MINUAR ikajya kurinda aho hantu indege yahanukiye. Ariko abasirikare bari barinze kwa Perezida, butse inabi MINUAR babirukana n’amahane menshi. Hashize ukwezi ni bwo MINUAR yashoboye kugera aho indege yahanukiye. Dallaire ati: « Byafashe igihe(…)byaratinze kugera mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi kugirango twebwe MINUAR

dushobore kugera aho indege yahanukiye. Ingabo zirinda Perezida zaratwangiye ku buryo

budasubirwaho233

». Byose birerekana bihagije ko Koloneli Bagosora atashakaga ko MINUAR yegera ibisigazwa by’indege kugirango iperereza ritabogamye ritabona ibimemyetso byashoboraga kwerekana abagize uruhare mw’ihanurwa ry’indege, hagati aho bivanwa aho birahishwa. Ukwanga ko MINUAR igera aho indege yahanukiye ntibyumvikana, kuko yari ifite inshingano zo kurinda aho indege yahanukiye kugeza iperereza ritabogamye rihageze. Ubundi ntabwo abasirikare b’Abanyarwanda bagomba kuharinda ngo bakurwe na MINUAR; mu bisanzwe Ingabo z’Igihugu na MINUAR bagombaga gufatanya kuharinda. Kuki banze ko aho hantu harindwa n’igice kitabogamye mu ntambara, niba atari ukugirango bahishe icyatuma batahurwa? Nk’uko tuza kubibona nyuma, abatangabuhamya babibonye baremeza ko Abafaransa bitonze bakajagajaga ibisigazwa by’indege ndetse n’agasanduka kirabura bakagatwara hagati yo kw’itariki ya 06 n’iya 07 Mata 1994.

233 Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Roméo Dallaire na mu rubanza rw’Akayesu, TPIR (Arusha), Icyumba cya 1, kuwa 25 Gashyantare 1998

74

Abasirikare b’Abafaransa bahawe umwihariko wo kugera aho indege yahanukiye

Mu kanya kakurikiye ihanurwa ry’indege, hahurujwe abasirikare bose b’ibigo binyuranye by’i Kigali. i Kanombe habonekaga cyane abasirikare ba batayo y’abaparakomando. Iminota mike nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege, Majoro Ntabakuze wari ukuriye iyo batayo yabashyize hamwe arababwira ati: indege ya Perezida imaze kuraswa na FPR none hagomba gukurikiraho kumuhorera. Yabamenyesheje ko bagomba kwitegura urugamba rukomeye, kandi ntibagire ubwoba ni bumva amasasu muri ibi bice ngo araba ari aya bagenzi babo. « Nyuma y’ihanurwa, icyakurikiyeho ni ukurasa amasasu menshi mu cyerekezo cya Masaka. Hanyuma haba iteraniro

rya bose. Majoro Ntabakuze yaratubwiye ati: «Dore baduciye umutwe. Ubu igisigaye ni

ukwihorera. Tugiye mu nama yihutirwa ku cyicaro gikuru cy’ingabo, mutegereze icyemezo kiri

bufatwe234

». Nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, Abafaransa babigishaga bagatoza na batayo y’aparakomando, umuLiyetona Koloneli Grégoire De Saint Quentin yari muri iryo koraniro ryahamagarirwaga gukora jenoside235. Nyuma y’iryo koraniro, na nyuma yo guha amabwiriza iyo batayo y’abaparakomando, Majoro Ntabakuze n’Abafaransa bagiye aho indege yahanukiye batangira gusaka muri ibyo bisigazwa by’indege, batwara ibyuma n’ibimanyu babona bifite akamaro no gutandukanya imirambo. Muri batayo y’abaparakomando harimo kompanyi CRAP, yaremwe kandi igatozwa n’Abafaransa, izobereye mu bikorwa by’ubucengezi n’ubutasi bya gisirikare mu karere k’umwanzi. Abo nibo boherejwe na majoro Ntabakuze mu rugo kwa Perezida mu minota ikurikira ihanurwa. Ni bo bafashije gusaka indege, gushaka imirambo, bari kumwe n’ingabo zarindaga Perezida, bakanarinda urugo rwe mu mpande zose, n’imbere aho igikanka cy’indege cyari kiri. Amarembo abiri manini yacungwaga n’ingabo zarindaga Perezida n’ahandi hatanu hakikije urugo rwa Perezida236. Aba CRAP barindaga by’umwihariko aho indege yahanukiye. Aba basirikare bo muri CRAP n’abarindaga Perezida nibo barashe urufayo rw’amasasu indege ikimara guhanuka. Majoro Ntabakuze n’abasirikare b’Abafaransa bahuriye kwa Perezida n’abandi basirikare bakuru bo mu ngabo z’igihugu, nka Koloneli Baransaritse, umuyobozi w’ibitaro bya gisirikare bya Kanombe, Majoro Mpiranya Protais, komanda w’ingabo zirinda Perezida, Koloneli Félicien Muberuka, komanda w’ikigo cya Kanombe, n’abandi. Bakuye ibyuma byinshi ku ndege babitwara mu kigo cya Kanombe. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abasirikare bo muri batayo yarindaga Perezida, n’abaparakomando bakoreraga muri iyo minsi kwa Perezida baravuga ko abo bafaransa babigishaga, batahwemaga kujya ku bisigazwa

234 Ubuhamya Kaporali Nyirinkwaya Jean-Damascène, yatangiye i Kigali, kuwa 06 Kamena 2008 ; Ubundi buhamya bwatanzwe na batayo y’parakomando buravuga bimwe : nk’ubwo Kalinijabo Damien yatangiye Nyaruguru kuwa 30 Gicurasi 2008 ; Kayitare Gaëtan yatangiye i Kigali kuwa 25 Kamena 2008 ; ubwo Nsengimana Joseph yatangiye i Gicumbi kuwa 26 Kamena 2008 ; ubwo 1er Serija Munyaneza Emmanuel yatangiye Ngoma (Kibungo) kuwa 10 Nyakanga 2008 ; ubwo Habimana Gonzague, yatangiye Muhanga, kuwa 07 Kanama 2008, etc. 235 Uru ruhare rw’Abafaransa ruratuma humvikana impamvu Liyetona Koloneli Grégoire De Saint Quentin yashatse cyane gutanga ubuhamya burengera Majoro Ntabakuze mu rubanza rwe mu rukiko rw’Arusha (TPIR) ! Kuwa 18 Ukuboza 2008, urwo rukiko rwasanze Ntabakuze ahamwa n’icyaha cya jenoside rumukatira gufungwa burundu. 236 Ubuhamya Segatama Emmanuel yahaye Komite i Kigali, kuwa 04 Kanama 2008. Uyu yari umujepe ushinzwe kurinda aho Perezida yari atuye ukwezi n’igice guhera muri Werurwe 1994.

75

by’indege bari kumwe n’aba ofisiye bakuru mu ngabo z’igihugu bari ku isonga ry’intagondwa. Ibyo bakuragayo babitwaraga mu ikamyoneti y’ingabo z’igihugu ubusanzwe yakoreshwaga na Koloneli Dr Baransaritse. Biranditse neza mu ifishi nº543/DEF/EMA/ESG ya minisiteri y’ingabo y’Abafaransa yo kw’itariki ya 07 Nyakanga 1998, isubiza ibibazo by’intumwa z’inteko ishinga amategeko aho abagize AMT bari ku mugoroba wo kuwa 06/04/1994: abafasha mu bya tekinike ya gisirikare 24 kuri 25 bari mu mujyi wa Kigali, no mu kigo cya Kanombe, no mu ngo zabo ku wa 06 mata 1994

igihe indege yahanurwaga (uwari ushinzwe ibya gisirikare muri ambasade yari I Paris mu

butumwa) ; i Kanombe , umuyobzi wa batayo De Saint Quentin n’aba ofisiye bato bari

bacumbitse mu kigo n’imiryango yabo bari mu ngo zabo. Nibo babaye aba mbere mu kugira icyo

bakora ku ihanurwa rya Falcon ya Perezida hafi y’ikigo mu ma saa 20.30 ; uwo musirikare

mukuru n’abandi babiri bamukurikira bari bamaze kugera ku ndege saa 20.45. bahita babitangariza ku muyoboro w’umutekano w’Ambasade y’Abafaransa, …

237».

Biratangaje ko iyo nyandiko yo muri Minisiteri y’Ingabo batayitayeho ngo bayishyire muri raporo y’amakuru yahawe inteko ishinga amategeko y’u Bufaransa, kandi barayohereje kuko bari bayisabye. Raporo ya MIP irerekana ko : « Umuliyotena Koloneli Grégoire De Sain Quentin yahageze inshuro ebyiri » Hirya ikongera iti : «yashoboye kugera bwa mbere aho indege yahanukiye nko mu ma saa y’ine, aherekejwe n’umusirikare mukuru w’Umunyarwanda yarazi,

agirango amutambutse ku basirikare barindaga Perezida bari barakaye cyane238

». Liyetena Koloneli Grégoire De Saint Quentin yemereye MIP ko yahagumye kugera saa cyenda za mugitondo ashakisha imirambo y’abari batwaye indege. Mu buhamya bwe yongeye kwemerera MIP ko yasubiye yo ubwa kabiri, bucyeye mu gitondo mu masaha ya saa mbiri, ashaka agasanduka kirabura mu bisigazwa by’indege, ariko ntiyakabona

239».

Muri raporo isoza ya MIP harimo ikosa (ryakozwe nkana); hari ibyo bakuyemo biteye ikibazo. Ubwa mbere, ifishi nº543 bahaye MIP mu buhamya, iravuga neza ko umuliyetena Grégoire de Saint Quentin yageze aho indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yahanukiye saa 20.45 ntabwo ari saa 22h. Ikindi iyo fishe iravuga ko Umuliyetena Koloneli Grégoire De Saint Quentin atahageze wenyine, ahubwo ko yari kumwe n’abandi ba suzofisiye babiri b’Abafaransa. Wakwibaza impamvu Umuliyetena Koloneli Grégoire De Saint Quentin yabeshye MIP, ntababwire ko atagiye yo wenyine, agahisha ko yageze ku bisigazwa by’indege nyuma y’iminota cumi n’itanu gusa.

Aho Ingabo za FPR zari ziri muri CND

Igihe FPR yari imaze kugera muri CND m’Ukuboza 1993, hateganyije gushyiraho Leta y’inziba cyuho, abasirikare ba MINUAR boherejwe kubungabunga umutekano wa buri munsi kuri CND no kugenzura ibikorwa n’ingendo bya FPR. Ikindi kandi ingabo za FAR zagenzuraga cyane FPR ku buryo bacungiraga bugufi abinjira n’abasohoka muri CND ku buryo nt’abantu bashoboraga kuvamo ngo bajye i Masaka batabonywe n’abari bashinzwe kuneka ba FAR.

237 MIP, Igitabo cya II, Imigereka, urup.269 238 MIP, Igitabo cya II, Imigereka, urup. 248 239 Ibidem

76

Gucungwa no kugenzurwa n’Ingabo za MINUAR

FPR ikimara kugera i Kigali, MINUAR yashyizeho amabwiriza yihariye ajyanye no gusohoka no kwinjira muri CND kugirango ibashe kugenzura ibintu n’abantu by’injira cyangwa bisohoka. Ni uko rero ku muryango w’inyuma ku ruhande rureba Gishushu ari naho honyine delegasiyo ya FPR n’abashyitsi babo bari bemerewe kunyura, hari igitabo cyandikwamo abinjira n’abasohoka. Buri muntu winjiraga muri icyo gice cya CND ntabwo yandikwaga mu gitabo gusa yasakagwa na MINUAR yinjira, yajya gusohoka na none bikaba bityo. Intumwa za FPR mu ngendo zazo nazo ni ko byazigendekeraga. Mbere yo gusohoka muri CND byasabwaga MINUAR mu nyandiko amasaha cumi n’abiri mbere y’urugendo. Iyo fishi isaba gusohoka ikavuga aho bajya, impamvu zo gusohoka, aho bazanyura, umubare w’abantu, umubare n’ubwoko bw’intwaro abasirikare babaga babaherekeje bafite, n’ibindi. Hanyuma abayoboye MINUAR bakabaha abasirikare bo kubaherekeza kugera iyo bagiye. Mu rugendo rero imodoka ya MINUAR yabaga iri imbere, indi hagati, n’indi inyuma y’umurongo w’amamodoka. Ingendo zose zajyaga mu mujyi cyangwa kure ni uko zakorwaga ziherekejwe na MINUAR. Byaba abantu, byaba imodoka, byasakwaga bisohoka muri CND, ibyo abantu bafite, cyangwa biri mu modoka, bikandikwa mu gitabo, bagaruka na none bigakorwa bityo. MINUAR kandi yari ifite ibyuma bipima niba hari intwaro ku miryango FPR yanyuragamo. Ibyo byuma bikareba ako kanya niba hari intwaro zitari zizwi, zitanditswe ku ifishi. Hakurikijwe amasezerano yari yaremewe n’impande zombi, abasirikare ba FPR bari bafite uburenganzira bwo gutwara gusa intwaro zoroshye zo kurinda abayobozi bagombaga kuzajya muri Leta y’inzibacyuho, kandi FPR igakoresha gusa imodoka zatanzwe na Leta y’u Rwanda. Ku byerekeye ingendo zajyaga ku kicaro cya FPR ku Mulindi, MINUAR yandikaga umubare w’abantu bagiye yo, bagaruka igasuzuma ko ari bo bonyine bagarutse. Iyo habaga hari abagomba kuguma ku Mulindi, abayobozi ba FPR bagombaga kubivuga bagisohoka. Ku Mulindi ipakira ry’ibyokurya, by’inkwi n’ibindi bikoresho byakorwaga MINUAR ihahagaze, hari ikayi yanditswemo ibyapakiwe byose bigasinywa na MINUAR n’abayobozi ba FPR. Nyuma MINUAR igaherekeza imodoka zose kuva ku Mulindi kugera i Kigali. Mu nzira hagati ya Kigali na Mulindi, nkuko byakorwaga mu gusohoka muri CND, imodoka ya MINUAR yabaga iri imbere, indi iri hagati, indi iri inyuma y’imodoka kugirango hatagira imodoka n’imwe ya FPR yashaka guhagarara cyangwa guta umurongo. Akenshi uwo murongo w’imodoka wagenzurwaga mu kirere na Kajugujugu kugera igihe zinjiriye muri CND. Mu nzira n’ubwo MINUAR igihe cyose yabaga iherekeje umurongo w’imodoka, abasirikare b’u Rwanda ntabwo byasaga naho babyizeye, nabo bashyiraga ho akabo bagasaka amakamyo ya FPR. Abatanga ubuhamya bavuga ko hari bariyeri y’ingabo z’u Rwanda Rukomo, hagati ya Byumba na Kigali, aho umurongo w’imodoka wahagarikwaga zigasakwa. Hari n’ubwo abasirikare bategekaga ko imodoka zipakururwa kugirango basuzume neza ibizirimo 240.

240 Ubuhamya Koloneli Andrew Kagame yahaye Komite i Kigali, kuwa 28 Ugushyingo 2008

77

Igihe imodoka zabaga zigeze kuri CND, MINUAR yazisakiraga ku muryango; ibizirimo bikandikwa, n’umubare, n’ibiranga abantu baturutse ku Mulindi. Ibyo byakorerwaga kugirango hatagira n’umuntu n’umwe winjira muri CND atamenywe na MINUAR. Ibintu abashyitsi babaga bafite byagenzurwaga na MINUAR, ikabigumana, ikaza kubibasubiza basohotse. MINUAR kandi yari ifite abasirikare bahoraga barinze uruzitiro rwa CND, bigatuma ntawashoboraga kwinjiramo anyuze mu nzira itemewe241. Ubwo buryo bukomeye bwo kurinda umutekano rero ntibwashoboraga kwemerera nk’uko umucamanza Bruguière yabivuze, intwaro muri CND242, yavuze ko arizo zarashe indege ya Perezida243 ». Ntibyashobokaga kandi kubika hejuru ya CND ibisanduka birimo ibisasu byaba byarakoreshejwe kurasa indege. MINUAR nta kuntu yashoboraga kutabona ibyo bisanduka biri hejuru y’inzu nka CND, kuko abantu bose bashoboraga kureba uruhande baturutseho urwo ari rwo rwose. Ibi birerekana ko bamwe mu banditse uko iby’indege byagenze bibeshye cyane, bavuga ko ibitwaro binini byashoboraga kwinjizwa muri CND. Nka Pierre Péan uvuga ko ibibunda bibiri birasa missile byaba byarakoreshejwe n’ingabo za FPR kurasa indege Falcon 50 ya Perezida Habyarimana, avuga ko byashoboraga kuba bihishwe muri kamyo yari yikoreye inkwi muri Gashyantare 1994. Yanditse avuga ati:

« Muri Gashyantare 1994, ba kaporali John, Moses na Stanley, hamwe na serija Seromba

bapakiye ibisasu bibiri muri kamyo ya Mercedes babihisha mu nsi y’inkwi. Karakonje

wari utwaye iyo modoka afata umuhanda w’i Kigali. Ntacyo yishishaga kuko abasirikare

ba MINUAR( abasirikare ba Loni)ni bo bonyine bari bagenzuye ibyo yikoreye. Ariko

kandi umukuru wabo, umuJenerali w’umunyakanada, Roméo Dallaire yasaga nkaho

ntacyo yikanga mu byo Kagame akora kandi nta mugayo kuko yerekanaga ko ashyigikiye

uwo muyobozi w’inyeshyamba. Kandi n’iyo abasirikare ba LONI bagerageza gusaka,

abasirikare ba FPR bari bafite amabwiriza yo kubabuza. Umushoferi Karakonje n’ibyo

yikoreye bakikijwe n’ingabo ziyobowe na Charles Kayonga yageze i Kigali muri CND

nta nzitizi n’imwe. Aho rero hari abasirikare 600 b’ingabo za FPR hakurikijwe

amasezerano y’Arusha. Bya bisasu bibiri byabitswe mu cyumba cya Majoro Jacob

Tumwine244

».

Komite yaje kubona umushoferi Karakonje, izina rye bwite ni Safari Eugène, yakira ubuhamya bwe ku byo Pierre Péan yari yanditse. Ku gisubizo yatanze ntawagira icyo yongeraho:

« Muri 1994 nari umusirikare wa APR, nari mu ngabo 600 zoherejwe muri CND.

Natwaraga ikamyo twari twarahawe na Leta y’ u Rwanda. Najyaga ku Mulindi nkazana

inkwi n’ibyokurya. Najyaga no kuvoma amazi ku Kimisagara mu bigega bya Electrogaz,

igihe cyose nabaga mperekejwe na MINUAR. Naho kubyerekeye ko natwaraga intwaro

muri kamyo nari mfite, ni ibinyoma byambaye ubusa bidashobora kwemerwa n’umuntu

uwari we wese. Ku Mulindi najyaga kuzana inkwi n’ibigori, MINUAR yaratugenzuraga

cyane kandi ntibe yanatureka twenyine umunota n’ umwe.

241 Ubuhamya Patrick Mazimpaka na Tito Rutaremara bahaye Komite i Kigali, kuwa 02 no kuwa 03 Ukwakira 2008 ; ubwo Koloneli Rwigamba George yatangiye i Kigali kuwa 28 Ukwakira 2008. 242 Manda ya Bruguière, urup.32 na 53 243 Manda ya Bruguière, urup. 44 244 Pierre Péan, Noires fureurs, blancs menteurs, Paris, Fayard, 2005, urup. 11-12

78

Yagenzuraga neza ibyo twabaga dupakira. Kuva i Kigali, MINUAR yakurikiraga kamyo

yanjye yabaga ntacyo ipakiye.. Ku Mulindi mu gihe twabaga dupakira, MINUAR

ntiyavaga iruhande rw’iyo kamyo ikanagenzura ibyo dupakira byose.

Iyo twamaraga gupakira, twatwikirizaga ikamyo ihema tugafunga n’imigozi ikomeye.

Ubwo natsaga imodoka, nkagenda imodoka ya MINUAR indi imbere, indi iri inyuma. Iyo

twageraga kuri bariyeri ya Ngondore, agace kagabanyaga akarere kari mu maboko ya

FPR n’akari mu maboko y’ingabo z’u Rwanda, abasirikare b’ingabo z’u Rwanda

bantegekaga gufungura ihema, bagasaka ikamyo. Hari indi bariyeri i Byumba y’ingabo

z’u Rwanda aho bansabaga guhagarara. Nabo baransakaga. Iyo barangizaga gusaka,

bakatureka tukagenda, na none imodoka imwe ya MINUAR yanjyaga imbere indi ikanjya

inyuma kugera kuri CND.

Twapakururaga imodoka MINUAR ihahagaze; Ibi ndabihamya. Izo misile zivugwa

ntabwo zigeze zinjizwa mu ikamyo. Ntibyashobokaga, mu gihe MINUAR yaduhozagaho

ijisho. Abasirikare ba MINUAR bari Ababiligi. Napakiraga gusa inkwi, amazi,

n’ibiribwa. Ni ikinyoma cyambaye ubusa kuvuga ko ba Kaporali John, Moses na Stanley

bapakiye za misile mu ikamyo. Ibi ntibyashobokaga gukorwa ntabimenye; ntibyigezze

bibaho; mu by’ukuri, ibi ntibyashobokaga na gato, ukurikije ukuntu twagenzurwaga245

».

Igenzura mu ibanga kandi ridahwema ry’inzu yInama y ‘Igihugu Iharanira Amajyambere

(CND) ryakorwaga n’abajepe

Uretse ko MNIUAR yagenzuraga FPR, ingabo z’u Rwanda nazo zagenzuraga ahakikije CND mu ibanga rikomeye, ntakibacika. Amatsinda y’abajepe bari baratoranyijwe kandi bashingwa imirimo yo kugenzura buri kintu cyakorerwaga kuri CND, kumenya abinjira n’abasohoka kandi buri mugoroba bagombaga guha raporo y’ibyo babonye byose, Majoro MPIRANYA wari Komanda w’ikigo cy’abajepe. Abo basirikare babaga bambaye imyenda ya gisivili kandi bakoraga amarondo ku muzenguruko w’Ikigo cya CND, batahura kandi bagerageza kumenya abantu bose binjiragayo, bandika inomero z’imodoka zabo. Irindi tsinda ry’abajepe, bahoraga bambaye imyenda isanzwe, bakoraga igenzura rya CND, bakoresheje amapikipiki kandi bakurikiraga rwihishwa abantu basohokaga muri CND kugira ngo bamenye aho batuye cyangwa aho bakorera. Igihe kimwe, kubera ubwo butumwa budasanzwe bwahabwaga abajepe, umubare wabo waragabanutse cyane, bituma abajepe bunganirwa na Batayo ya Paracommando bari barimuriwe muri uwo mutwe. Ibyo bikorwa by’igenzura byahoragaho. Amatsinda yasimburanaga amanywa n’ijoro ku buryo bagenzuraga, ubudahwema abantu bose n’ibintu byose byinjiraga n’ibyasohokaga muri CND246. Ni muri urwo rwego ku mugoroba w’itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, igihe jenoside yatangiraga, abajepe by’umwihariko, n’Ubuyobozi Bukuru bw’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, bari bazi neza abantu bose bigeze kugera mu ruhande rwa CND rwari rwahawe FPR. Abo bantu nibo abajenosideri bahereyeho bica. Ndetse bamwe muri abo bishwe mbere y’uko indege

245 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 1 Ukuboza 2008 246 Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Twagirimana André, i Nyanza, ku wa 2 Ukwakira 2008 ; na Serija Nsengiyumva Théogène, i Kigali, ku wa 8 Ukwakira 2008.

79

ihanurwa. Bishwe n’itsinda ry’abakomando mu ngabo z’abajepe nyuma y’amabwiriza yatanzwe na Serija Rurikujisho, wakomokaga ku i Kora, mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi247. Ubuhamya bwinshi bwatanzwe n’abahoze mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, barimo bamwe mu bari bashinzwe kugenzura CND, basobabanura uburyo bakoragamo misiyo yabo y’igenzura, yatangiye ingabo za FPR zikimara kugera muri CND ku wa 28 Ukuboza 1993, hanyuma iyo misiyo iza kongererwa ingufu n’imigambi yayo irushaho gukaza umurego, guhera muri Werurwe 1994. Bizimana Claver, umusirikare muri Batayo y’Abaparakomando, ni umwe mu basirikare bagiye kunganira ingabo z’abajepe kandi akaba yaragize uruhare muri icyo gikorwa;

« Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1993, abajepe bahawe ubutumwa bwo kugenzura CND. Hari

abasirikare bo muri izo ngabo bashinzwe by’umwihariko iyo misiyo yo kugenzura CND

mu buryo bwihishe, kugira ngo bamenye abinjira n’abasohoka muri CND n’ibikorerwa

mu nkengero z’icyo kigo. Ijambo ry’ibanga ry’icyo gikorwa ryari ‘Itinéraire’!ki gikorwa

cyabagaho kuri CND mbere y’uko FPR ihagera ariko cyarongererwe guhera mu kwezi

kwa Mutarama 1994 kandi cyari kigamije by’umwihariko kugenzura ibikorwa bya FPR.

Abasirikare bambaraga imyenda ya gisivili kandi bagenzuraga kuri kintu cyose

cyaberaga muri CND no mu nkengero zayo. Mu mezi ya Werurwe na Mata 1994, icyo

gikorwa cyahawe izindi mbaraga ku buryo mu masa yine za mugitondo abasirikare

benshi bo mu bajepe babaga boherejwe muri ibyo bikorwa, usibye bamwe babaga

bashinzwe indi mirimo yatumaga badashobora gusohoka mu kigo, nk’abari bashinzwe

imirimo ya tekiniki n’izamu. Iri genzura na none ryakorwaga mu duce twegereye CND no

ku muhanda uva i Kanombe ugana mu mujyi rwagati wa Kigali. I248

».

Serija Nsengiyumva Etienne, umusirikare wari mu bajepe kuva 1977 kugeza 1994, yari umwe mu basirikare bashingwaga rimwe na rimwe ibyo bikorwa bari barahimbye «itinéraire» byo kugenzura FPR, yasobanuye uburyo iryo guenzura ryakorwaga muri aya magambo :

« FPR ikimara kugera i Kigali, nari ntuye mu Kigo cy’abajepe ku Kimihurura.

Ubusanzwe, hari abasirikare bashinzwe umutekano w’ikigo, ariko kuva aho FPR igereye

i Kigali, uburyo bwo kurinda umutekano bwarongerewe ku buryo budasanzwe, haba ku

Kimihurura cyangwa i Kanombe. Hashyizweho umutwe wari ushinzwe by’umwihariko

ubutumwa bwo kugenzura mu ibanga ariko neza, ingendo zose zakorwaga n’abasirikare

n’abayobozi ba FPR bari bacumbitse muri CND. Umuhanda wose wavaga ku icumbi

ryaPerezida wa Repubulika i Kanombe kugera mu mujyi wari uzwi nk’inzira y’igenzura

ridasanzwe rya buri munsi. Rimwe na rimwe, najyaga nkora iyo mirimo yo kugenzura ndi

ku ipikipiki, ku buryo nazengurukaga umuhanda wose uva ku icumbi rya Perezida kugera

ku Kimihurura ngasubira kwa Perezida i Kanombe no ku biro bya Perezida wa

Repubulika.

Nkurikije uko amatsinda yacu y’abaparakomando yagenzuraga FPR, ku buryo buhoraho,

ndahamya ko bitashobokaga ko umuntu yasohoka muri CND, tutamubonye. Yego ntitwari

247 Sgt Nsengiyumva Théogène, Umusirikare wo mu Ngabo zirinda Perezida Repubulika hagati ya 1990 na 1994, watanze ubuhamya i Kigali, ku wa 8 Ukwakira 2008 248 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Huye, ku wa 20 Kanama 2008

80

tuzi abantu bose bari batuye muri CND, ariko twakoraga igenzura rikaze ku buryo

ntekereza ko byari bikomeye ko umuntu wa FPR asohoka muri CND abajepe

batamubonye. Byongeye kandi, hari na MINUAR yagenzuraga imodoka kandi

yanaziherekezaga iyo zasohokaga zijya ku Mulindi cyangwa mu mujyi249

».

Nyabagabo Félicien, wari umujepe kuva muri 1985 kugeza muri 1994 ashimangira ko igenzura ry’abinjiraga n’abasohokaga muri CND ryari igikorwa cy’ingenzi cy’abajepe kandi akanasobanura aho iryo genzura ryakorerwaga «Kuva FPR yagera muri CND, twabonye ikintu gishya aho abasirikare bambaye imyenda ya gisivili bahawe misiyo yo gukorera hafi ya CND,

mu gihe byabaga ari ngombwa. Abo basirikare bagenzuraga umuhanda uva ku Kimihurura -

Hôtel Méridien kugera i Kanombe, hamwe no mu mujyi kuri Perezidansi ya Repubulika.

Bagendaga ku maguru. Banoherezwaga cyane cyane mu duce twa Kicukiro na Gikondo, na none

bambaye imyenda ya gisivili. Banagenzuraga umuhanda wa Remera-Kajagari-Mulindi250

». Abandi batangabuhamya bahoze ari abasirikare mu ngabo z’igihugu (EX-FAR) nabo barabihamya, bashimangira ukuntu iryo genzura ryakorwaga, ku buryo budasanzwe kandi budahwema, igihe FPR n’abayobozi bayo bari bacumbitse kuri CND. Ibi rero bisobanurako bitashobokaga ko abasirikare ba FPR bagera i Masaka, bavuye kuri CND banyuze inzira y’umuhanda. Abo batangabuhamya bavugako hari za bariyeri ku muhanda zagenzurwaga n’abasirikare zari zarashyizwe ahantu hanyuranye hagati ya CND n’umujyi wa Kabuga zabagaho umutwe wa Jandarumori y’Igihugu. Izo bariyeri zari zarashyizwe by’umwihariko ahitwa i Remera-Giporoso, Nyandungu, ku Mulindi no kuri 19 ku muhanda ujya i Masaka, uvuye kuri kaburimbo. Nk’uko bivugwa haruguru, iyi bariyeri yo kuri 19 yashyizweho intambara y’Ukwakira 1990 igitangira kandi yakomeje gukora kugeza ku wa 6 Mata 1994, ku mugoroba w’ihanurwa ry’indege. Hari n’izindi bariyeri zimurwaga buri gihe nk’iyo ku Mulindi, no kuri 15 ku muhanda ujya i Ndera. MINUAR nayo yakoraga igenzura ritunguranye ariko rya buri gihe kuri uwo muhanda. Izi ngingo zose zituma abatangabuhamya bemezako bitashobokaga ko umukomando wa FPR anyura kuri izo bariyeri zose akagera i Masaka, yitwaje imbunda ziremereye ziri kuri kamyoneti, cyane cyane ko ahantu hitwa CEBOL, aho ibibunda bya misile byarashe indege bivugwa ko byari bishinze ari kuri Metero 300 gusa, uvuye ku muhanda munini wa kaburimbo. Byongeye kandi, muri ayo masangano, hari bariyeri ikomeye y’ingabo z’u Rwanda yagenzurwaga na jandarumori ku manywa, naho nijoro ikagenzurwa n’abasirikare bo mu kigo cya Kanombe, cyane cyane bo muri Batayo ya Parakomando cyangwa abajepe. Serija Mutiganda Innocent, wari umusirikare muri Batayo y’abaparakomando muri 1994, yayoboraga kenshi imitwe ya gisirikare yari ishinzwe gukora amarondo mu bice bya Kanombe na Masaka. Ku mugoroba wo ku wa 6 Mata 1994, yari ayoboye itsinda ry’abasirikare bari ku irondo hafi y’ikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe ku ishuri ry’imyuga rya « EFOTEC ». Arasobanura aho bariyeri zashyirwaga buri gihe n’uduce twagenzurwaga:

« Uvuye kuri CND, ugana i Kabuga, bariyeri ya mbere yari i Remera-Giporoso. Iyi

bariyeri yari ikomeye. Hepfo gato, hari indi bariyeri, ariko yo itarinzwe cyane. Ku

249 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite, i Kigali, ku wa 8 Ukwakira 2008 250 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite, Gicumbi, ku wa 19 Nzeli 2008

81

Mulindi naho hari indi bariyeri. Kuri 19 hari bariyeri y’abasirikare bacu. Mu ikorosi,

hafi y’imirima ya Koloneli Kanyarengwe, iruhande rw’umuhanda ujya i Masaka hari

indi bariyeri igenzurwa na none n’abasirikare bacu. Ibi bivuze ko ibikorwa byo

kugenzura n’amarondo by’ Ingabo z’u Rwanda byari bikwiriye hose, kuri uwo muhanda.

Kubera ko nzi neza ko kuri izo bariyeri hakorerwaga igenzura rikaze, ndumva

bidashoboka ko abasirikare ba FPR bari kunyura kuri izo bariyeri mu modoka ihetse

imbunda nini251

».

Iyamuremye Emmanuel, nawe wo muri Batayo y’abaparakomando kuva muri 1989 kugera muri 1994, atanga ibindi bisobanuro ku buryo hari hacunzwe :

« Kuva nyuma y’iyicwa rya Gatabazi Felesiyani [muri Gashyantare 1994], umutekano warakajijwe kandi ucungwa bikomeye, hakorwa amarondo ya gisirikare mu duce

tunyuranye tw’umujyi wa Kigali. Ayo marondo yari menshi cyane mu duce twa Kanombe

na Kabuga ku buryo bitashobokaga kwinjira muri utwo duce, uterekanye ikikuranga.

Amarondo yakorwaga ku muhanda ugana ku Mulindi, ahari gereza ya gisirikare, ndetse

no mu nkengero zaho. Ayo marondo yakorwaga n’abajepe, abasirikare bo mu kigo

cy’abaparacomando rimwe na rimwe bigakorwa n’indi mitwe nka Kompanyi ya L.A.A ou

B.A.C. Simbona ukuntu FPR yaba yarashoboye kwinjira rwihishwa n’ibitwaro binini

biremereye mu gace ka Kanombe na Masaka, aho amarondo y’abasirikare

yasimburanaga252

».

Gasana Johani Mariya Viyani, Umusirikare muri Batayo ya Parakomando, na Sibomana Zenu, umusirikare muri Kompanyi y’ibikorwa by’ubwubatsi bwa Gisirikare, bongeraho ko abasirikare b’ingabo z’u Rwanda batagenzuraga imihanda gusa. Bari banafite ibirindiro ku misozi no mu duce dutuwemo: «nyuma y’aho FPR igereye muri CND, umutekano warakajijwe kubera ko bishishaga cyane FPR. Twashyize za bariyeri ku muhanda i Remera-Giporoso, i Kanombe, kuri Km19, ku Mulindi na Masaka. Amarondo kandi yakorwaga ku misozi no mu duce dutuwemo.

Simbona rwose ukuntu abasirikare ba FPR bashoboraga kunyura kuri izo bariyeri253

». Sibomana Zenu asobanura ko amarondo y’abasirikare b’ingabo z’u Rwanda yakorwaga mu modoka mu duce twa Kanombe, Kabuga, Musave, Remera, Kabeza, Rubirizi. Hiyongereyeho n’amarondo yakorwaga ku maguru mu duce twa Kanombe, EFOTEK, Nyarugunga, Mulindi na Masaka254. Serija Majoro Ngendahimana Prosper, wari mu ngabo hagati ya 1987 na 1994 muri Batayo ishinzwe imbunda y’imizinga, kandi wari i Kanombe ku iratiki ya 6 Mata 1994, ashimangira ko: «Akarere ka Masaka kari karinzwe kose n’abasirikare bo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda. Ahantu

havugwa ko ariho harasiwe ibisasu byahanuye indege hagenzurwaga n’abajepe. Ibyo

ndabyiyiziye neza. Abasirikare benshi bakuru, barimo na Koloneli Sagatwa, bari batuye muri

ako gace kandi hoherezwagayo abajepe cyangwa abaparakomando kugira ngo barinde

251 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite, muri Rubavu, ku wa 29 Gashyantare 2008 252 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite, i Kigali, kuwa 11 Kanama 2008 253 Ubuhamya bwa Gasana Yohani Mariya Viyani, Rubavu, k iwa 29 Gashyantare 2008 254 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite, i Muhanga, ku wa 4 Ukwakira 2008

82

umutekano waho. Birantangaje cyane kumva ko FPR ariyo yarashe indege, iyirasiye muri utwo

duce255

».

Karasanyi François, umusirikare wo mu kigo cy’i Kanombe muri 1994, yongeraho ko MINUAR nayo yahakoreraga amarondo, yiyongeraga ku y’ingabo z’u Rwanda: « Masaka kari akarere

karinzwe na MINUAR ku buryo kugacengeramo byari bikomeye, ndetse no ku ngabo z ‘u

Rwanda, nkanswe FPR, itaragenda mu bwisanzure. Ni nayo mpamvu nta muntu uhamya ko

yabonye izo mbunda zihashingwa cyangwa zikoreshwa; Ibyo byavuzwe nyuma256

».

Muri make, Abasirikare b’ingabo z’u Rwanda, bari bari mu mitwe yihariye, irimo abajepe, Batayo ya Parakomando, ari nabo bari bafite ubutumwa bwihariye bwo gucunga no kugenzura FPR, bahuriza ari benshi ku ngingo imwe, bemezako CND yagenzurwaga ku buryo budahwema kandi hakaba harakorwaga n’amarondo ku buryo buhoraho, mu duce two mu nkengero zayo no ku muhanda ugana i Masaka. Basoza bavuga ko kwinjira rwihishwa muri turiya turere byari nk’ibidashoboka, cyane cyane ko, dukurikije ibisobanurwa ku miterere y’imicungire y’umutekano muri icyo gihe, abarwanya FPR bo bavuga ko imbunda zarashe ibyo bisasu ngo byaba byarakuwe muri CND bigatwarwa i Masaka hejuru ya kamyoneti257. Koloneli w’Umubiligi Walter Balis, Umuyobozi Wungurije ushinzwe Ibikorwa bya Gisirikare muri MINUAR, abisabwe na Jenerali Dallaire, yagiye kuri CND mu minota mike nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida wa Repubulika kandi akaba yarahagumye ari ku kazi, agumana na FPR agenzura, nawe ahakana ko bitashobokaga ko ibisasu bya misile bikurwa muri CND bigatwarwa ahakekwa kuba ari ho indege yarasiwe. Atanga ubuhamya imbere ya Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’u Rwanda ishinzwe gukora iperereza ku ruhare rw’Ubufaransa muri Jenoside, Koloneli Balis yagize ati:

«Simpakana ko udutsinda dutoya tw’abasirikare ba FPR tutashoboraga kubikora kuko

bari abasirikare beza. Ariko kuva kuri CND ukajya i Masaka, aho ibisasu byarasiwe,

ntawe ukubonye, uhetse ibisasu bya rutura, kuri njye ndumva bitoroshye, kandi byaba

bitangaje kubera cyane cyane misile nk’izo. Nagiye kuri CND nko mu gihe cy’isaha imwe

nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege kandi narahagumye ijoro ryose no ku umunsi wakurikiye ku

wa 7 Mata 1994 mbitegetswe na Jenerali Dallaire.

Nkurikije ibyo nashoboye kwibonera, ntekereza ko iyaba ari FPR yahanuye indege,

imyitwarire yayo yari kuba iyindi. Za Batayo nabonye ziza nyuma y’iminsi ibiri, zari

kuba ziri aho ku mugoroba w’ihanurwa ry’indege, kubera ko nzi ko Jenerali Kagame,

kandi iki gitekerezo ngisangiye na benshi, azwiho ubuhanga mu migambi ya gisirikare.

255 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite, muri Musanze, ku wa 11 Nzeli 2008 256 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite, muri Nyaruguru, ku wa 13 Kamena 2008 257 Ubuhamya bwa Kaporali Turatsinze Samusoni, bwakiriwe na Komite, I Kayonza, ku wa 13 Kamana 2008 ; Suliyetona Nkusi Jerali, Gicumbi ku wa 27 Kamena 2008 ; Munyaneza Emanweli, Ngoma (Kibungo), ku wa 10 Nyakanag 2008 ; Sibomana Sitefano, Nyaruguru, ku wa 13 Kamena 2008 ; Kigereke Yohani Batisita, Kayonza, ku wa 15 Nyakanga 2008 ; Serija wa Mbere Bizimana Damiyani, (Umujepe kuva 1997 kugeza 1994), Musanze, ku wa 10 Nzeli 2008 ; Serija wa Mbere Nsengimana Didasi (Inkambi ya Kanombe 1989-1994), Nyamagabe, ku wa 23 Kanama 2008 ; Bazambanza Yohani Mariya Viyani, Nyamagabe 23 Kanama 2008 ; Serija wa Mbere Bikorimana Ewujene, Huye, ku wa 20 Kanama 2008 ; Serija Mutiganda Inosenyi, Rubavu, ku wa 29 Gashyantare 2008 ; Nsengiyumva Tarisisi, I Kigali, ku wa 4 Kamena 2008 ; n’abandi.

83

Aba yarateganije mbere uko yabigenza kugira ngo atsinde kandi ahangane n’ikibazo mu

nyungu ze, atarinze gutegereza ko abandi aba ari bo bamubanza. Niyo mpamvu ku

bwanjye, numva ko za batayo za FPR zari kuba zafashe ibirindiro bigaragara, imyanya

y’ingenzi ku buryo bugaragara, ndetse na mbere ko indege ya Perezida ihanurwa;

Nyamara ibyo nabonye si ko byari bimeze. Ngera muri CND, hari umwuka w’ituze, ibintu

byose biri mu buryo, noneho mbabwiye ko indege ya Perezida imaze kuraswa, nabonye

uburyo byabatunguye kandi bikabatangaza. Imitwe ya gisirikare yari ituje igumye

hamwe. Nta kintu kidasanzwe cyangwa imyiteguro idasanzwe ya gisirikare nabonye mu

ijoro ryo ku wa 6 rishyira uwa 7 mata, nta kintu cyabayeho.

Ku wa 07 Mata saa kumi z’igicamunsi, ni bwo imirongo y’abasirikare ba FPR yasohotse

muri CND kugira ngo bashobore kurinda ikigo cyose cya CND no gucunga imihanda

n’utuyira byinjiraga mui CND kugira ngo babone ubwinyagamburiro kandi banashobore

gukurikirana no gucunga ibikorwa by’abajepe. Bafashe hafi imyanya yose yari

izengurutse uruzitiro, ku mihanda igana ku Bitaro byitiriwe Umwami Fayçal, kuri hoteli

Méridien ugana kuri rompuwe, kugera kuri sitade Amahoro. Iyo yari imyanya y’igenzura

kugira ngo bashobore gukurikirana, bashobore kwirengera hakiri kare, bibaye ngomwa.

Ntabwo byari ibirindiro by’imirwano.

Hagati aho, nta butumwa numvise kuri radiyo y’itumanaho, yari ifunguye amanywa na

nijoro - sinajyaga nyifunga na rimwe- ntabwo batayo y’abasirikare bo muri Ghana

cyangwa indorerezi za gisirikare zari muri Uganda bigeze bambwira ko babonye ingabo

za FPR ziva mu birindiro kugera icyo gihe258

».

Uko FPR yari ihagaze kuri CND ku mugoroba w’ihanurwa ry’indege no mu minsi

yakurikiyeho

Hashingiwe ku buhamya by’abantu bari kuri CND mu gihe cy’ihanurwa ry’indege, abasirikare ba FPR bari bafungiranye mu nyubako bari baragenewe. Hanze y’icyo kigo hari harinzwe n’abasirikare ba Loni bo muri Ghana ba MINUAR kandi hari n’abasirikare ba FPR bakeya barindaga umutekano wa bagenzi babo bari hejuru y’inzu. Umwe muri bo yabonye ibirimi by’umuriro mu kirere cya Kanombe, noneho aramanuka abibwira abandi. Abayobozi ba FPR bari imbere mu nzu icyo gihe ntabwo bari bakamenya ko indege ya Perezida Habyarimana imaze guhanurwa.

« Ako kanya, nk’uko Tito Rutaremara abisobanura, ntitwigeze tumenya ko indege ya Perezida Habyarimana imaze guhanurwa. Umwe mu basirikare bacungaga umutekano

hejuru y’inzu yaramanutse aza kutuburira ko abonye icyotsi cy’umuriro gitukura mu

kirere cy’i Kanombe, ariko ntitwamenye icyo ari cyo. Hashize akanya, na none

abasirikare baragarutse batumenyesha ko indege ya Perezida imaze guhanuka kandi ko

babyumvise kuri RTLM. Bagenzi bacu bari i Burayi babimenye mbere yacu kuko

bumvaga amaradiyo mpuzamahanga, ari nabwo batangiraga kudutelefona mbere y’uko

tubona amakuru y’imvaho ku mugaragaro. Mu gihe twari tumaze kubona ayo makuru,

abajepe batangiye kurasa ibisasu bya rutura kuri CND, noneho duhungira mu myobo yo

258 Koloneli Walter Balis, watanze ubuhanya mu ruhame, ku wa 23 mata 2007, imbere ya Komisiyo y’Igihugu Yigenga ishinzwe gusuzuma uruhare rw’Ubufaransa muri Jenoside y’Abatutsi.

84

kwihishamo, abandi bajya mu mazu y’ikuzimu (Kave). Batangiye kuturasa uwo

mugoroba, hashize iminota mikeya twumvise amakuru y’urupfu rwa Habyarimana 259 ». Amakuru akimara kumenyekana, abayobozi ba FPR bagerageje gushakisha amakuru ku buryo ibintu byari byifashe, cyane cyane ku birebaba n’ibisasu bya rutura byumvikanaga mu mujyi. Amakuru yageraga kuri FPR na none yavugaga ko ubwicanyi bwari bwatangiye, ko abajepe bari batangiye kujya mu ngo z’abatusi n’abanyapolitiki batavugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi kugira ngo babafate, babice. Tito Rutaremara yatelefonnye jenerali Ndindiriyimana, amubaza impamvu abajepe bicaga abantu kandi anamusobanuza icyo yateganyaga gukora, nk’umuyobozi Mukuru wa Jandarumori, kugira ngo arinde abasivile. Jenerali Ndindiriyimana yashubije Rutaremara ko ntacyo yashoboraga gukora, ko icyo kibazo yakigeza kuri Koloneli Bagosora, noneho amuha inomero ye ya telefoni. Nibwo Tito Rutaremara yatelefonaga Bagosora, wamushubije amukankamira, arakaye avuga ko abasirikare bagiye kugarura ibintu mu buryo. Tito Rutaremara amubajije icyo yateganyaga mu rwego rwa politiki cyavana Igihugu mu gihirahiro, Bagosora yamubwiye ko nta gisubizo afitiye FPR, noneho telefoni arayikata260. Icyakurikiyeho ni ukwirengagiza bidasubirwaho Amasezerano y’Amahoro ya Arusha, hashyirwaho Komiti ya Gisirikare yo mu bihe bidasanzwe na Guverinoma y’Agateganyo, igizwe gusa n’intagondwa z’Abahutu, no kwanga imishyikiarno iyo ari yo yose na FPR. Uburyo bwo kugenzura bukaze bw’abinjiraga n’abasohokaga muri CND, kuba MINUAR buri gihe yaraherekezaga abantu bo muri FPR bajyaga mu mujyi, cyane cyane ku Mulindi, aho icyicaro cya FPR cyari kiri, isakwa kugera ku mubiri ryakorerwaga abantu n’imodoka mu gihe cyo kwinjira mu nyubako ya CND, aho ingabo n’abayobozi ba FPR bari bacumbitse, byerekana ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko bitashobokaga kwinjiza intwaro cyangwa amasasu, harimo na za misile esheshatu zirasa indege zo mu bwoko bwa SAM 16 bavugako zinjijwe muri CND mu gihe cy’ingendo zakorwaga ku cyicaro cya FPR ku Mulindi261. Amwe mu makuru ava mu bantu barega FPR kuba ariyo yarashe indege avuga ko ngo haba hari ububiko bw’imbunda mu karere katarangwamo ibikorwa bya gisirikare kagenzurwaga na MINUAR, ko ngo i Kigali haba harinjiye rwihishwa abarwanyi bambaye gisivili, ko indege zaba zarabujijwe kunyura hejuru ya CND, ku buryo indege byabaye ngonbwa ko zikoresha inzira imwe rukumbi y’ikibuga cy’indege, ku buryo byari byoroshye gutegura ihanurwa ry’indege. Kuri izi ngingo zinyuranye, ibitekerezo n’ubuhamya byatanzwe n’abantu bari bacumbitse muri CND byerekana ko kwinjira rwihishwa kw’abasirikare ba FPR mu mujyi wa Kigali bitabayeho, kandi ko niyo biza kuba ari byo, abo basirikare bashoboraga kurwana no kurengera abantu bishwe nta kirengera muri jenoside:

« Kuvuga ko abasirikare ba FPR batitwaje intwaro binjiye rwihishwa mu murwa Mukuru

wa Kigali nta gaciro bifite kuko ntacyo byari kumara. Iyo biza kuba ngombwa ko

abasirikare binjira mu mujyi rwihishwa, haba harafashwe ingamba zidasanzwe kugira

ngo abo basirikare binjiye mu mujyi bashobore kwirwanaho ubwabo, no kurengera

abaturage b’abasivili. Nyamara, byagaragaye ko jenoside yakozwe nta nkomyi, nta

259 Ubuhamya bwa Tito Rutaremara bwakiriwe na Komite, i Kigali, ku wa 3 Ukwakira 2008 260 Ibidem 261 Inyandiko yakozwe n’Umucamanza Bruguière, Urup.32

85

kwirwanaho. Iyo tuza kugira abasirikare bazi uduce twa Kigali, abantu benshi baba

bararokowe. Na none, biragaragara ko iyo FPR iza kuba ifite imitwe ya gisirikare

yacengeye mu mujyi wa Kigali, urugamba rwo gufata i Kigali ntiruba rwaramaze amezi

atatu yose, ahubwo rwari kumara ibyumweru bikeya262

». Birakwiye gusobanura ko imiterere y’imitunganyirize y’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda yatangiriraga ku rwego rwo hasi rwitwa « Nyumbakumi» cyangwa ingo icumi, ku buryo kwinjira rwihishwa muri izo nzego bidashoboka. Naho kubirebana no kubuza ko indege zinyura hejuru ya CND, abatangabuhamya ba FPR babajijwe bahakana ko nta mugambi mubisha cyangwa w’uburyarya wari wihishe inyuma y’iyi ngamba. Icyemezo cyo kubuza ko indege zinyura hejuru ya CND ntabwo FPR yagifashe yonyine, ahubwo yagifatanye na MINUAR na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda y’icyo gihe, hagamijwe kurinda umutekano wa CND: «Iki cyemezo cyari uburyo busanzwe bwo gucunga umutekano kuberako byari kuba ari uburangare bukomeye kureka indege, zaba iza

gisivili cyangwa gisirikare, zikanyura hejuru y’inzu irimo abayobozi bakuru ba FPR263

». Na none ni ngombwa gusobanura ko ikibuga Mpuzamahanga cy’i Kanombe gifite umuhanda umwe rukumbi indege zigwaho, ntabwo ari byinshi, binyuranye n’ibivugwa n’abantu bamwe batazi imiterere y’icyo ikibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe, nk’Umucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguière, wandika yibeshya ko mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 1994, FPR yabujije indege guhagurukira mu inzira ya ya 10 y’ikibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe kandi ngo yahatiye indege zose gukoresha inzira iteganye (Inzira ya 28) inyura mu gace k’ikibaya kandi karimo ishyamba ka Masaka264. Mu by’ukuri, inzira imwe rukumbi y’Ikibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe ifite icyerekezo kiva iburasirazuba kigana iburengerazuba, ku buryo icyerekezo indege ziturukamo zigwa, ndetse kugera na n’ubu, ari iburasirazuba kuko mu burengerazuba, umujyi wa Kigali ukikijwe n’imisozi ine miremire cyane, ari yo: Umusozi wa Rebero (1809m), Umusozi wa Kigali (1856m), Umusozi wa Jali (2042m) n’umusozi wa Shyorongi (1737 m). Byongeye, ntabwo CND iri mu cyerekezo indege zagwiragamo, ku buryo bitumvikana impamvu bashakaga ko indege ziyinyura hejuru. Ibi bisobanuro bifatika byerekana ku buryo buhagije ko ibyo Bruguière avuga ko kubuza indege kunyura hejuru ya CND, byorohereje FPR gutegura ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida, bidafite agaciro. Hanatanzwe n’ibisobanuro ku ngendo z’abasirikare ba APR kuva ku Mulindi. Abasirikare ba APR ntabwo batangiye kwitegura kuva ku Mulindi bagana i Kigali ku wa 3 Mata 1994, ahubwo bahagurutse ku Mulindi ku wa 8 Mata 1994 mu gitondo kandi bagera kuri CND mu ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994 rishyira itariki ya 9 Mata 1994. Koloneli Walter Balis, wari Umuhuza uhoraho muri iyo minsi hagati ya MINUAR n’intumwa za FPR zari kuri CND, yarabyiboneye:

« Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 7 rishyira ku wa 8 Mata, ahagana saa munani za nijoro, Jenerali

Dallaire yarampamagaye ampa ubutumwa bwari bugenewe Jenerali KAGAME, ansaba

ko namubwira ibi bikurikira: Ndizera ko ibintu biza kujya mu buryo, ndakwinginze

ntugire ikintu ukora hagati aho’. Ubwo butumwa nahise mbugeza kuri Jenerali

KAGAME mbinyujije mu muyoboro w’itumanaho, noneho nyuma y’isaha imwe, mbona

262 Ubuhamya bwa Patrick Mazimpaka bwakiriwe na Komite, i Kigali, ku wa 2 Ukwakira 2008 263 Ubuhamya bwa Patrick Mazimpaka, ku wa 2 Ukwakira; Koloneli Andrew Kagame, i Kigali, ku wa 28Ugushyingo 2008 264 Inyandiko yakozwe n’Umucamanza Bruguière, Urup.45

86

igisubizo cya Jenerali KAGAME ambwirako: «Mbemereye ko ntacyo nzakora, nta kintu

na gito nzakora, ntabikumenyesheje, ariko icya mbere nzakora ni ukohereza indi Batayo i

Kigali». Nta shiti ni iyo batayo nabonye igera kuri CND mu ijoro ryo ku wa 8 rishyira

ku wa 9 Mata 1994. Bahageze mu ijoro, sinashoboye kubabara, ariko bari benshi benda

kungana na Batayo. Bamaze amasaha make kuri CND, nyuma baza kugenda muri iryo

joro265

».

265 Ubuhamya mu ruhame bwa Koloneli Walter Balis, i Kigali, ku wa 23 Mata 2007, imbere ya Komisiyo y’Igihugu Yigenga ishinzwe Kwegeranya Ibimenyetso bigaragaza Uruhare rwa Leta y’Ubufaransa muri Jenoside yo mu wa 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi. .

87

Guhimba ubutumwa ku maradiyo y’itumanaho byakorwaga n’ingabo z’u Rwanda

bakabwitirira FPR

Ibirego byahimbwe n’abari ku isonga rya jenoside baburanishijwe kandi banakatiwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwagenewe u Rwanda ruri Arusha, bigasubirwamo n’Umucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguière n’abandi, bivuga ko kimwe mu bimenyetso simusiga cyerekana uruhare rwa FPR mu kurasa indege ya perezida wa Repubulika yo mu bwoko bwa Falcon 50 ari kopi y’ubutumwa «bwaba bwarafashwe na serivisi zishinzwe kumviriza ku wa 7 Mata 1994 saa mbiri

n’iminota mirongo ine n’itanu ku GISENYI. Ubutumwa bivugwako ngo bwavaga mus Buyobozi

Bukuru bwa FPR ku Mulindi bwatangazaga ko ngo «misiyo y’itsinda rw’abasirikare ryahawe

ubushobozi » yasohojwe 266

». Umucamanza Bruguière agira ati:

«Ukuri k’’ubwo butumwa kwahamijwe na Liyetena –Koloneli Grégoire de SAINT

QUENTIN, bwashimangiwe n’ubuhamya bwatangiwe Arusha n’abahoze ari abasiirikare

bakuru mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda , aribo Majoro Aloys NTABAKUZE, Koloneli Théoneste

BAGOSORA, Jenerali Gratien KABILIGI, Koloneli Anatole NSENGIYUMVA uwahoze

ari Komanda w’Akarere ka Gisirikare ka Gisenyi, anashinzwe sitasiyo yo kumviriza mu

majyaruguru y’u Rwanda, akaba ngo ari nawe wafashe ubutumwa bwa mbere bwa APR

ku wa 6 Mata mu gitondo, buvuga ko ingabo za APR zaba zari zatangiye kuva mu

birindiro byazo mu ijoro ryo ku wa 5 rishyira ku wa 6 Mata n’ubutumwa bwa kabiri bwo

ku wa 7 Mata saa mbiri na mirongo ine n’itanu burebana n’ihanurwa ry’indege; Ibyo

binemezwa na Majoro Epiphane HANYURWIMANA na Liyetona-Koloneli Alphonse

NZUNGIZE».

Mu rwego rwo kwemeza ibyo birego, Umucamanza Bruguière yongeraho ko « Mugenzi Richard,

wari ushinzwe iitumanaho rya gisirikare rya radio mu ngabo z’igihugu, wari warahawe akazi

muri urwo rwego, kubera ubuhanga bwihariye yari afite muri iryo shami rijyanye n’itumanaho

rikoresheje radiyo, kandi kubera ubumenyi bwe mu by’indimi akaba yaravugaga igifaransa

n’icyongereza, n’izindi ndimi gakondo zivugwa mu karere nk’ikinyarwanda, igiswahili n’igika

(sic), mu gihe yatangaga ubuhamya ku wa 5 Kamena 2001, asobanura ko yakoporoye ubwo

butumwa ku wa 7 Mata, ubutumwa bwari mu rurimi rw’igiswahili, yemezako butari bwanditse

mu ibanga. Avuga ko ari we ku giti cye Atari we wafashe ubwo butumwa bwatangazaga ko

misiyo yageze ku ntego yayo’267

».

Komite yumvise ubuhamya bwa Mugenzi Richard268, watangiye mbere na mbere asobanura uburyo yahawe akazi muri ngabo z’u Rwanda ku Gisenyi:

«Kubera intambara mu Rwanda yatangiye ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990, naketswe kuba

icyitso cya FPR kubera ko nari narigiye muri Zaire. Nafashwe ku wa 3 Ukwakira 1990

ntwarwa kuri Sitade ya Gisenyi ndi kumwe n’abantu benshi babarirwa mu magana. Ku

wa 4 Ukwakira 1990, nimuriwe muri Gereza ya Gisenyi aho nafungiwe kugera ku wa 10

Ukwakira k’uwo mwaka. Mbifashijwemo na Komanda wa Gisirikare ku Gisenyi w’icyo

gihe, Koloneli Bahufite Juvénal na Komanda wa Jandarumori ku Gisenyi, Majoro

266 Inyandiko yakozwe n’Umucamanza Bruguière, Urup.52 267 Ibidem 268 Ubuhamya bwa Mugenzi Richard, Kigali, ku wa 29 Ukuboza 2008

88

Bizimana André, naje gufungurwa. BAHUFITE na BIZIMANA bombi twakomokaga muri

Perefegitura ya Byumba kandi bari banzi. Nyuma naje kumenya ko abo basirikare babiri

bamfunguje kubera ko nari mfite umumenyi mu itumanaho kandi ngo bakaba barafashe

icyemezo cyo gushyiraho ikigo cyo kumviriza amaradiyo y’itumanaho mu rwego

rw’igihugu. Bashakaga kungira umuyobozi w’iryo shami ryo kumviriza amaradiyo

y’itumanaho rya gisirikare, ryafunguwe muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi.

Nkimara kwemera iyo misiyo, natangiye gukoresha radiyo yakira kandi ikohereza

amajwi ya MININTER (Minisiteri yari ifite umutekano mu nshingano zayo) yari mu kigo

cy’ibiro bya Perefegitura ya Gisenyi. Nahakoze kugera ku wa 1 Ugushyingo 1990. Kuva

kuri iyo tariki, ni bwo mu by’ukuri natangiye gushinga ibyuma by’ishami rishinzwe

kumviriza amaradiyo. Ibyuma bimwe byari mu kigo cya Gisirikare cya Butotori, hafi ya

BRALIRWA ku Gisenyi, ikindi ngishyira mu nzu Perezida wa Repubulika

yacumbikagamo ku Gisenyi, yari hafi y’umupaka aho bita La corniche. Nakoze ako kazi

kugera hagati mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga 1994, igihe ingabo ‘ u Rwanda zatsindwaga,

noneho mpungira muri Zaire, aho nagumye kugera mu mwaka wa 1996, igihe inkambi

z’impunzi zasenywaga».

Nyuma Mugenzi Richard yatanze izindi ngingo, mu rwego rwo kurushaho gusobanura imirimo yari ashinzwe kuri icyo kigo cy’itumanaho rya gisirikare, uburyo yumvirizaga n’abo yohererezaga ubwo butumwa:

« Nashinze radiyo nyakiramajwi y’ubwoko wa YAESU, yakorewe mu Buyapani mu kigo

cya Butotori. Naho inyakiramajwi yo mu bwoko bwa THOMSON yari mu nzu y’icumbi

rya Perezida wa Repubulika, yari isanzwemo. Nyuma y’igeragezwa rya tekiniki,

natangiye akazi kanjye nashinzwe na Komanda w’Akarere ka Gisirikare ka Gisenyi,

nkaba nari nshinzwe kumviriza ubutumwa bunyuze kuri radiyo bw’umwanzi n’ubundi

butumwa bwose bushobora kuduha amakuru kuri FPR n’abari bayishyigikiye, cyane

cyane Uganda. Bahufite yari yarampaye imirongo y’itumanaho nagombaga kumviriza.

Noneho, nanjye ubwanjye nkakora ubushakashatsi bwite ku mirongo y’itumanaho

yakoreshwaga hanze y’igihugu yavugirwagaho n’abo Ubuyobozi Bukuru bw’Ingabo

bwashakaga kumenya ibyo bavuga. Nyuma, noherezaga ubwo butumwa maze kumviriza

kuri iyo mirongo y’itumanaho, nkabyohereza Komanda w’akarere ka Gisirikare yajyaga

anzanira indi mirongo y’itumanaho yavugaga ko yatanzwe n’imfungwa z’intambara za

FPR. Byongeye kandi, hari n’indi mirongo y’itumanaho yavaga mu Buyobozi Bukuru

bwa GIsirikare, muri servisi z’iperereza rya gisirikare ryitwaga G2.

Kuva mu Gushyingo 1990, natangiye guha za raporo Komanda w’akarere ka Gisirikare,

Majoro Bahufite. Iyo Komanda w’Akarere ka Gisrikare yabaga adahari, nyuma yo

kuhagera kwa liyetona Bizumuremyi mu mwaka wa 1992, niwe nagombaga guha za

raporo zanjye. Komanda w’Akarere ka Gisirikare yari yarafashe icyemezo ko mu gihe

Liyetona Bizumuremyi atabonetse, nagombaga igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kujya mu kigo

cya Gisirikare, mperekejwe n’abasirikare, kugira ngo ntange ubutumwa kuri telefoni mu

Buyobozi Bukuru bwa Gisirikare, i Kigali, nkabushyikiriza by’umwihariko

Umunyamabanga w’Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda n’Umunyamabanga

w’Umuyobozi ushinzwe Iperereza rya Gisirikare, G2.

89

Kuri ubwo buryo bwihutirwa kandi no mu gihe abo basirikare bombi bavugwa haruguru

badahari, nagombaga guhita nshyikiriza ubutumwa Koloneli Bagosora ubwe, mu kigo

cya Gisirikare cya Kanombe, naho mu gihe atabonetse, nkabuha Majoro Ntabakuze

Aloys, Komanda wa Batayo y’Abaparakomando. Mu gihe Ntabakuze adahari,

nagombaga gushaka Koloneli Nkundiye, Komanda w’Ikigo cy’ingabo zishinzwe kurinda

Perezida wa Repubulika, nyuma waje gusimburwa n’undi musirikare Mukuru, Mpiranya.

Mbere y’ibyabaye ku wa 6 Mata 1994, ndumva naroherereje Koloneli Bagosora,

ubutumwa bwihutirwa, igihe yari umuyobozi w’ikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe.

Ntabwo nibuka neza itariki cyangwa ibyari bikubiye muri ubwo butumwa. Usibye

abasirikare bakuru bavuzwe haruguru nagombaga gushyikiriza ubutumwa, Bagosora

yashishikazwaga no kumenya ibyo nakoraga, ku buryo yantelefonaga rimwe na rimwe

kugira ngo ambaze uko imirimo yanjye imeze. Ndibuka na none noherereje Majoro

Ntabakuze ubutumwa inshuro ebyiri zikurikiranye, mu gihe komanda w ‘Akarere ka

Gisirikare yari adahari. Icyo gihe yari mu kiruhuko mu Kigo cya Gisirikare cya Butotori,

Uko ibihe byagiye bisimburana, ubutegetsi bwarushagaho gukurikirana ibyo nakoraga.

Natangiye no koherereza raporo zanjye Perezidansi ya Repubulika. Ni muri icyo gihe

Koloneli Bahufite yampaye ilisite y’’abantu nashoboraga kuganira nabo, abantu

ntagombaga kwishisha. Yari yaransobanuriye ko kuvugana n’abandi bantu

byashoboraga kugira ingaruka mbi ku mutekano w’ikigo cy’itumanaho nayoboraga no

ku mutekano w’amakuru yacu, ku buryo nari mbujijwe kuvugana n’umuntu uwo ari we

wese, uretse abo bari kuri lisiti yari yarampaye. Lisiti y’abantu ntagombaga kwishisha

nayihawe mu nyandiko kandi yagendaga rimwe na rimwe ihindurwa n’abanyoboraga,

bitewe n’uko ibintu byabaga byifashe. Iyo lisiti yariho Koloneli Sagatwa Elie,

Umunyamabanga wihariye wa Perezida wa Repubulika, Majoro Bagaragaza, Umuyobozi

WA Porotokole na Ambasaderi Ubalijoro, Umujyanama muri Perezidansi ya Repubulika.

.

Igihe Perezida Habyarimana yari umukuru w’Igihugu, akaba na Minisitiri w’Ingabo,

igihe yajyaga asura ku Gisenyi, hari ubwo yantumagaho kugira ngo ambaze uko ikigo

kimeze. Nanavuganaga n’Umunyamabanga Wihariye (wa Perezida wa Repubulika).

Nyuma y’aho Habyarimana aviriye ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w’Ingabo, naburiwe na

Liyetona Bizumuremyi ko ntagombaga kuvugana na Minisitiri mushya w’ingabo, Bwana

Gasana James, ko abantu ngomba gukorana nabo bonyine ari umunyamabanga we

Wihariye, wari ofisiye muto, utari Koloneli Sagatwa, Umunyamabanga wihariye wa

Perezida Habyarimana. Sinubuka izina ry’uwo musirikare. Bizumuremyi ntiyigeze agira

icyo abisobanuraho, ariko nkeka ko ari uko Gasana yari mu ishyaka ritavuga rumwe

n’ubutegetsi. Nyuma y’aho Gasana James ahungiye muri 1993, nahawe uburenganzira

na Bizumuremyi bwo kuvugana na Minisitiri Mushya Bizimana Augustin, wakomokaga

mu ishyaka rya MRND n’Umunyamabanga we wihariye wari waragumye mu mwanya we

nyuma y’ihunga rya Gasana».

Igihe Komite yumvaga ubuhamya bwe, Mugenzi Richard yasobanuye ko habayeho impinduka muri 1992, ko ngo mbere na mbere Abafaransa bamuhaye amahugurwa, nyuma aza guhabwa

90

andi mabwiriza mashya, nyuma y’aho Liyetona-Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva agereye ku Gisenyi, aje gusimbura Majoro Bahufite wari wimuriwe i Byumba :

«Igihe kimwe ahagana mu mwaka wa 1992, Abasirikare batandatu b’Abafaransa baje

mu butumwa kuri iki kigo cy’itumanaho rya Gisirikare, noneho Komanda w’Akarere ka

Gisirikare, ambwira ko baje kunyigisha. Twamaze iminsi mike dukorana. Byanyigishije

ibintu bimwe na bimwe ntari nzi, cyane cyane uburyo bw’ubutasi kuri radiyo

y’itumanaho bugizwe no kwerekana imirongo y’itumanaho no kugenda uyihindagura.

Nyuma y’amahugurwa, baragiye, sinongera kubabona. Aho Bahufite yimuriwe mu

karere ka Gisirikare ka Byumba, Liyetona-Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva ni we

wamusimbuye nka Komanda w’Akarere ka Gisirikare ka Gisenyi. Nsengiyumva amaze

kuhagera, yampaye indi mirongo y’itumanaho mishya nafatiragaho ubutumwa,

nkabwandika, nkabumuha. Niwe wabwikwirakwirizaga (amplification) mu ngabo, Sinari

ngifite inshingano zo kubwohereza i Kigali mu bo Bahufite yari yarambwiye kubuha».

Mugenzi Richard yanerekanye ikindi kintu cyakorwaga buri gihe kibangikanijwe n’uburyo bwo kumviriza ubutumwa kuri radiyo. Icyo gikorwa kindi cyari kigizwe no guhimba ibinyoma bakabikwirakwiza mu mitwe y’ingabo z’u Rwanda, bigamije kurushaho kuzangisha FPR. Yasobanuye ko icyo gikorwa cyatangiye mu mpera za 1993. Liyetona-Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva yamuzaniraga ubutumwa bwanditse akamutegeka kubukoporora nk’aho ari ubutumwa yumvise kuri radiyo ku mirongo y’itumanaho ya FPR. Iki gikorwa cyo guhimba ubutumwa cyakajije umurego mu mezi ya mbere ya 1994 kugera ku ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida na nyuma yaho.

«Anatole Nsengiyumva amaze kugera ku Gisenyi, yashyizeho ubundi buryo bwo guhimba

ubutumwa kubera impamvu ntigeze nsobanukirwa neza. Rimwe na rimwe yanzaniraga

inyandiko zanditswe nawe ubwe, akansaba kuzikoporora ku mafishi yagenewe

telegaramu. Narazikopororaga nkazimuha, kugira ngo azikwirakwize. Ibyo byakorwaga

kenshi cyane igihe urugamba rwabaga rukaze. Icyo gihe, Nsengiyumva yandikaga

ubutumwa, akabunzanira kugira ngo mbukoporore, noneho nawe akabukwirakwiza ku

mirongo y’itumanaho rya gisirikare, ahari kugira ngo ashishikaze kandi azamure morale

mu ngabo».

Mugenzi Richard nyuma yaje kongeraho ko ubutumwa bwo ku wa 7 Mata 1994 bwa saa mbiri na mirongo ine n’itanu buvugwa mu nyandiko yakozwe n’Umucamanza Bruguière yahimbwe na Liyetona-Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva. Uruhare rwa Mugenzi Richard rwari gusa gukoporora izo nyandiko, nyuma yaho akazisubiza Anatole Nsengiyumva. Nyuma y’iyo nyandiko Anatole Nsengiyumva yamuhaye izindi, mu kwezi kwa Mata kose, azikoporora nk’uko bisanzwe.

«Ubu buryo bw ‘ubutumwa maze kubasobanurira bwari bugizwe no guhimba ubutumwa

n’ikinamico bitewe n’impamvu zinyuranye. Ni uko ubutumwa bwo ku wa 7 Mata 1994 mu

gitondo bwari bumeze. Nabuhawe mu ntoki na Koloneli Nsengiyumva ubwe. Yari

yabwiyandikiwe we ubwe, noneho ansaba kubukoporora ijambo ku rindi, nyuma

ndabumusubiza kugira ngo abukwirakwize. Muri icyo gihe, guhera ku wa 7 Mata kugera

mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Mata, Koloneli Nsengiyumva yakomeje kunzanira inyandiko zo

91

gukoporora ku mpapuro zandikwaho telegaramu. Nyuma yazaga gufata izo telegaramu

kugira ngo azikwirakwize, anazitangaze ku mirongo y ‘itumanaho rya gisirikare».

Mbere yo ku wa 7 Mata 1994, ku wa 5 Mata 1994, Liyetona Koloneli Nsengiyumva yazaniye Mugenzi Richard ubundi butumwa, nk’uko bisanzwe, amusaba kubukoporora nk’aho bwari ubutumwa yafashe mu byuma by’itumanaho. Ubwo butumwa bwavugaga ko hari ikintu kizabaho bukeye. Ku munsi wa 6 Mata 1994, Anatole Nsengiyumva yazanye ubundi butumwa nteguza abuha Mugenzi Richard, nawe arabukoporora nk’uko byari bisanzwe:

«Ndibuka ubwo butumwa bwo ku wa 5 Mata n’uko bwaje. Bwazanywe nk’ubundi

twahimbaga. Ntabwo ari ubutumwa bwafatiwe kuri radiyo y’itumanaho. Ahubwo bwari

ubutumwa bwanditswe natwe ubwacu, noneho mbwandukura ku rupapuro rwa

telegaramu mbusubiza Nsengiyumva kugira ngo abukwirakwize. Kuri uwo munsi wo ku

wa 6 Mata 1994, mbere ya saa sita, habayeho izindi telegaramu ntakibuka neza ibyari

bikubiyemo, zoherejwe muri ubwo buryo».

Ibindi bisobanuro byatanzwe na Mugenzi Richard birebana n’uburyo yabajijwe n’Umucamanza Bruguiere Arusha ku buryo bufifitse, bityo ntiyashobora gusobanura uburyo yandikaga ubwo butumwa bwakorwaga:

«Ntanga ubuhamya imbere y’Umucamanza Bruguiere, ntabwo nemerewe gutanga

ibisobanuro ku buryo ubutumwa bwo ku wa 6 na 7 Mata 1994 yambazagaho bwanditswe.

Birababaje ko batampaye umwanya wo kubisobanura. Ndemeza ko Umucamanza n’abo

bakoranaga bashakaga gusa kumenya niba inyandiko bari bafite zari mu mukono

wanjye. Ntibigeze bashaka kumenya ibyari bikubiyemo, n’uburyo zanditswe cyangwa

zateguwe. Bashakaga gusa kumenya niba umukono wari uwanjye, niba inyandiko

yaranditswe nanjye. Ni ibyo byonyine bishakiraga kumenya. N’aho ibindi, bari bazi icyo

bashaka».

Mugenzi Richard yatanze kimwe mu bimenyetso ndakuka cyerekana ko mu by’ukuri atari we wanditse ubutumwa buvugwa mu nyandiko y’Umucamanza Bruguière, yerekana ko inyandiko yiyandikiye ubwe buri gihe zagaragaramo amakosa, bitandukanye n’ubutumwa bwo ku wa 7 Mata saa mbiri n’iminota mirongo ine n’itanu, kuko yitonze akabukoporora neza nk’uko Anatole Nsengiyumva yari yabwanditse:

«Mu butumwa niyandikiye ubwanjye, habaga harimo amakosa, cyane cyane kubera

kwandika nihuta kubera ko nagombaga kuburangiza hakiri kare kugira ngo nkoporore

ubutumwa bukurikiyeho. Buri gihe hagaragaramo amakosa y’imyandikire cyangwa

y’ikibonezamvugo. Ariko kubirebana n’inyandiko nahabwaga, nabonaga igihe gihagije

cyo kuzandukura nitonze, nta makosa. Ni nako nandukuye ubutumwa bwo ku wa 7 Mata

saa mbiri na mirongo ine n’itanu nazaniwe na Anatole Nsengiyumva nakoporoye gusa,

Ntabwo nashoboraga gukora ikosa kuko ari inyandiko nakoporoye. Ibi bitandukanye

n’izindi za telegaramu».

Iki gisobanuro kirashimangirwa na Koloneli André Bizimana, wari Komanda wa Jandarumori ku Gisenyi kuva mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga 1989 kugera muri Gashyantare 1994. Aragira ati:

92

«Mugenzi Richard ndamuzi. Dukomoka hamwe mu cyahoze ari Komini ya Mukarange i

Byumba. Namuhaye akazi k’itumanaho rya gisirikare mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, ku Gisenyi.

Akazi yagakoze kugera muri Nyakanga 1994. Yakoranye by’umwihariko na Majoro

Bahufite, nawe ukomoka i Byumba wari Komanda w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda ku Gisenyi, na

Majoro Kabera Christophe, wari ushinzwe iperereza rya gisirikare ku Gisenyi. Nyuma

y’uko Bahufite yimurirwa i Byumba mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1993, Mugenzi yakomeje

gukora akazi ke, akorana na Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva n’umwofisiye we wari

ushinzwe iperereza, witwa Liyetona Bizumuremyi. Ubutumwa yumvirizaga yabuhaga

Bahufite na Nsengiyumva cyangwa ababungirije, aribo Kabera na Bizumuremyi, nabo

bakabwohereza mu Buyobozi Bukuru bw’Ingabo. Nzi umukono n’igifaransa bya Mugenzi

Richard, nkaba mpamya ko inyandiko ze mu gifaransa buri gihe zabaga zuzuye

amakosa269

».

Ubu buhamya bw’ingenzi bugaragaza ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zaratangiye kuva mu mpera za 1993 gutegura poropaganda izaherekeza ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida. Kuba icyo gihe cyaratoranijwe si ibigwirira. Byahuriranye no kugera i Kigali kw’ingabo za FPR. Ibi bisobanuro birerekana ku buryo bugaragara ko kuva mu ntangiriro za 1994, by’umwihariko mu cyumweru cya mbere cya Mata 1994, abasirikare bakuru b’intagondwa bo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, barimo Bagosora na Nsengiyumva, bahimbye ubutumwa babeshya ko babufatiye ku murongo w’itumanaho rya FPR, ariko icyo bari bagendereye mu by’ukuri, ari uguhisha umugambi wabo wo kwica Perezida Habyarimana n’abo bari hamwe mu rugendo.

Imbonerahamwe y’ibibazo by’ingenzi birebana n’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Falcon 50

Gushakisha kumenya uwagize uruhare mu guhanura indege ya Perezida bisaba ko mbere na mbere hasubizwa ibibazo bikurikira birebana n’icyerekezo indege yaturutsemo yitegura kugwa, aho yarasiwe na za misile, ubwoko bw’intwaro yakoreshejwe n’aho za misile zarasiwe.

Icyerekezo Indege ya Falcon 50 yaturutsemo yitegura kugwa

Igihe yatangaga ubuhamya, imbere y’umucamanza w’Umufaransa Jean-Louis Bruguière, ku wa 18 Gicurasi 2000, mu rwego rwa Komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’iperereza , mu Rukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyireweho u Rwanda, Arusha, Koloneli Bagosora yatangaje ko bohereje Koloneli Ephrem Rwabalinda i Paris, kugira ngo asabe Ubufaransa inkunga kandi ko icyo gihe yashyikirije ubuyobozi bw’Ubufaransa «amafoto ya misile aherekejwe na za kasete zafatiweho amajwi yafashwe ku Kibuga cy’indege mu gihe cy’ihanurwa ry’indege ». Mu nyandiko y’Umucamanza Bruguiere, bivugwa ko isesengura mu buryo bwa gihanga rya kasete zafatiweho amajwi y’indege yakiriwe n’Umunara uyobora indege wo ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kigali ku wa 6 Mata 994, ryakozwe mu rwego rwo gutegura inyandiko y’ibirego. Za kasete zafatiweho amajwi zerekana cyane cyane ko «ahagana mu saa mbiri n’amasegonda abiri,

269 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite, Kigali, ku wa 8 Mutarama 2008

93

Indege ya Falcon 50-9XR-NN yatangaje ko yifuza kugwa n’icyerekezocyiinzira iri bunyuremo,

noneho abakozi bo mu munara uyobora indege basubiza, basobanurira abayitwaye uburyo iri

bugwe, nyuma y’aho Komanda wayo avugiye ko yifuzaga kwinjirira ku cyerekezo cy’umuhanda

wa 28 (inzira ya 28)… ». Birumvikana rero ko mu gushaka kugwa kwayo, indege Falcon yakurikiranye inzira ya 28, ni ukuvuga icyerekezo cy’Uburasirazuba kigana iburengerezuba unyuze hejuru y’umusozi wa Rusororo, ugakomereza ku musozi wa Kanombe. Rero, ntabwo indege yanyuze hejuru y’umusozi wa Masaka, nk’uko byemezwa na bamwe mu batangabuhamya, batigeze banigora ngo bamenye aho indege zituruka iyo zitegura kugwa ku kibuga Mpuzamahanga cya Kanombe.

Aho indege Falcon 50 yaguye

Mu rwego rw’iperereza ryakozwe n’Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bw’Ababiligi rirebana n’iyicwa ry’abasirikare b’ababiligi bari muri MINUAR, ku wa 7 Mata 1994 mu Kigo cya gisirikare cya Kigali, agashami kungirije k’iperereza mu ngabo zirwanira mu kirere z’Ububiligi kakoze iperereza ku ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida Habyarimana ku itariki ya 1 Kanama 1994, katanze umwanzuro ukurikira: « 1- Indege yaguye mu rutoki ahagana iburengerazuba. Inguni yakoresheje ijya kugwa igomba

kuba yari ntoya cyane (itarenga 20°), urebye n’ubujyakuzimu bw’icyobo yacukuye muri icyo

gitaka cyoroshye (Igisubizo cya A) aho hanntu hatuwe.Indege igomba kuba yari ihengamiye

ibumoso (ibaba ry’iburyo n’igihimba byari bikiri bose naho ibaba ry’ibumoso n’igihimba

cy’ibumoso bryarangiritse) ».

« 2- Turabona ko ibisigazwa by’indege byanyanyagiye hirya no hino muri metero zigera kuri

150m mu rutoki no mu rugo kwa Perezida wa Repubulika».

Iyi raporo y’iperereza hamwe n’ubundi buhamya bwatanzwe, byose byerekana ko indege yaguye mu rugo kwa Perezida wa Repubulika, i Kanombe.

Ubwoko bw’ibisasu byakoreshejwe mu guhanura Falcon 50

N’ubwo bizwi na bose ko ihanuka ry’indege yo mu bwoko bwa Falcon 50, yari itwaye Perezida w’u Rwanda n’uw’u Burundi, n’intumwa zari zibaherekeje, yatewe no kuraswa n’ibisasu byaturutse ku butaka mu gihe yiteguraga kugwa, ubwoko bw’ibisasu byakoreshejwe n’uwabirashe ntibyigeze bimenyekana kugera ubu. Mu gihe ibisasu bitafashwe, kumenya imiterere cyangwa ubwoko bwabyo byakoreshejwe byari kumenyekana binyuze mu isesengura ry’ibisigazwa by’indege cyangwa ibisigazwa by’ibisasu byatoraguwe n’abasirikare b’Abafaransa, aho indege yarasiwe, nyuma gato ikimara gusandara. Abantu banditse kuri iryo hanurwa ry’indege, hamwe n’abatangabuhamya babajijwe na Komite, bagerageje gusobanura ubwoko bw’intwaro yakoreshejwe ariko ntibigeze bavuga ku buryo budashidikanywaho imitetere y’icyo gisasu. Abenshi mu baturage batuye hafi y’agace indege yarasiwemo bemeza ko babonye ibibatsi by’umuriro cyangwa ibisasu bibiri cyangwa bitatu binini bigana mu cyerekezo cy ‘indege, mu gihe abatangabuhamya bafite umumenyi bwa tekiniki mu birebana n’imbunda bo bemeza ko indege yarashwe na misile ebyiri cyangwa eshatu,

94

ariko na none ntibashoboye gusobanura ubwoko bwazo. Muri abo bahanga, abasirikare ba MINUAR bari ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe cyangwa mu tundi duce batanze ubuhamya imbere y’ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bw’Ububiligi, mu rubanza rwa Majoro Ntuyahaga, hamwe n’abasirikare bo mu rwego rw’ubutwererane mu bya gisirikare, bo bemeza ibisasu bibiri. Bavuga ko icya mbere cyahushije intego, noneho icya kabiri kirayihamya, bituma indege isandara. By’umwihariko muri abo batangabuhamya b’ingenzi twavuga ubuhamya bwa Gerlache Mathieu, Moreau Nicolas, hamwe na Lt-col. Dr Pasuch Massimo, Umuganga mu rwego rw’ubutwererane tekiniki mu bya gisirikare, wakoreraga i Kanome. Bamwe mu banditsi no mu bashakashatsi ndetse banavuze ko indege yaba yararashwe na za rokete. Uwa mbere muri abo bashakashatsi wabivuze ni umunyamakuru Jean-François Dupaquier, wageze kuri uyu mwanzuro nyuma y’iperereza ryakozwe muri 1994, cyane mu basirikare bakuru ba MINUAR.

«Abasirikare bakuru twganiriye kandi banasesenguye ibisigazwa by’indege bemeza ko

indege ya Falcon 50 ya Perezida w’u Rwanda rwose yarashwe n’uruhuri rw’amasasu

y’abasirikare b’Abahutu bari bihishe ku murongo ureba mu cyerekezo cy’ikibuga

cy’indege bitwaje imbunda zo mu bwoko bwa RPG 7 ; ubwo bwoko bw’imbunda

zigendanwa zirasa imodoka zikoreshwa ahantu hatari imihanda, ziganywe hashingiwe

kuri Panzerfaust z’ingabo z’abanazi, zakwirakwijwe n’ingabo mu cyahoze ari Repubulika

Yunze ubumwe y’uburusiya, mu basirikare bo mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere.

Uwo munyamakuru akomeza avugako mu by’ukuri iki gisobanuro kidafite ireme nki cy

‘impuguke mu bya misile’, zivugako abarashe indege baba ari abacanshuro b’abazungu

baguzwe na rumwe mu mpande zombi, ngo barase umunyagitugu wari wanzwe urunuka.

Nyamara iki gisobanuro kirumvikana, ushingiye ku ngingo zoroshye mu bumenyi

bw’ibisasu, nk’icyerekezo cy’indege, yaguye muri metero 1850 mu ntangiriro

ry’igihogere cy’ikibuga cy’indege iruhande gato y’umuhanda w’indege zigwaho, nyuma

y’aho indege ihamwe n’igisasu muri metero z’ubutumburuke270

». Jean-François Dupaquier yakurikiwe nyuma y’imyaka mike, n’umushakashatsi w’Umufaransa witwa Jean-Paul Goûteux, wanzuye ko indege yarashwe na za rokete : « Ku wa 6 Mata 1994,

Habyarimana yari atashye avuye Arusha aho yari amaze kongera kwemera gushyira mu bikorwa

Amasezerano y’Amahoro (ya Arusha). Mu gihe indege yiteguraga kugwa, saa mbiri n’iminota

mirongo itatu za nimugoroba, indege ye, Falcon 50 ‘impano’ ya François Mitterrand, yarashwe

na rokete, igwa mu busitani bw’iwe, iruhande rw’ikibuga cy’indege271

». Ku rundi ruhande, hashingiwe ku buhamya bw’abakobwa babiri ba Dr Akingeneye, Umuganga wihariye wa Perezida Habyarimana, nawe waguye muri iyo ndege apfanye na Habyarimana, bemeza ko bumvise abasirikare b’Abafaransa bavuga, ku wa 7 Mata 1994, igihe bari mu rugo kwa Perezida wa Repubulika, indege yarashwe n’imbunda yo mu bwoko bwa Stinger : «Ku wa 7 Mata 1994 ahagana mu musaa moya za mu gitondo,abajepe baje kudushaka kugira ngo tujye

kwerekana umurambo wa data. (…) Badutwaye mu rugo rwa Perezida wa Repubulika i

Kanombe. Bishoboka ko hari hagati ya saa mbiri na saa mbiri n’igice, ubwo twageragayo. (…)

270 J.-F. Dupaquier, «Revélatiion sur un accident qui a coûté la vie à un million de personnes», l’Evénememnt du jeudi, 1-7 Ukuboza 1994. 271 Jean-Paul Goûteux, la Nuit Rwandaise, cit. Urup.29

95

Mu ruganiriro, hari imirambo irindwi, harimo n’uwa data. Ku ibaraza, hari imirambo y’abari

batwaye indege b’abafaransa n’abaminisitiri b’u Burundi. Hari Abafaransa bane bari bahagaze

imbere y’inzu. Umuyobozi w’abo bafaransa yadusobanuriye ko indege yari yarashwe na

stinger272

».

Komite yagerageje, ku buryo budasubirwaho, gushaka igisubizo ku kibazo cyo kumenya ubwoko bw’intwaro yakoreshejwe mu kurasa indege ya Perezida Habyarimana, Falcon 50. Mbere na mbere, kuva ku wa 9 kugera ku wa 13 Nzeli 2008, Komite yohereje intumwa ku cyicaro cy’Akarere cy’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga ushinzwe iby’Indege za gisivili (ICAO/OACI), i Naïrobi, mu rwego rwo kubona impuguke zashobora gusesengura ibisigazwa by’indege bikiriho, no gusuzuma ibirebana n’ intwaro yaba yarakoreshejwe. Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere bw’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga ushinzwe iby’indege za gisivile bashubije ko Falcon 50 ya Perezida Habyarimana yari indege ya Leta y’u Rwanda, ko itari ingede ya gisivile. Ntabwo rero iri mu ndege ziri mu bubasha bw’uwo muryango. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko Minisiteri y’Ingabo y’Ubufaransa yoherereje Misiyo y’iperereza ry’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko (MIP) ifishi iriho amakuru yerekana neza aho Abasirikare b’Abafaransa batoraguye aho indege yaguye, ibisigazwa by’ibisasu byakoreshejwe mu kurasa indege kandi ko isesengurwa ryabyo ryerekanye ko hakoreshejwe ubwoko bw’ibisasu bya SA 16 byakorewe mu Burusiya273. Ku rundi ruhande, Komite yashatse impuguke zigenga, noneho ihitamo gushinga ubu bushakashatsi impuguke mu bya tekiniki bo mu ishuri rikuru rya Gisirikatre rya Londres, mu Bwongereza, bitewe n’ubuhanga n’ubumenyi byabo mu bya tekiniki muri urwo rwego. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwabo byometse kuri iyi raporo. Aho ibisasu byahamirije Indege Falcon 50

Iki kibazo gisa n’aho kitigeze kitabwaho n’abanditsi n’abashakashatsi banditse ku ihanurwa ry’iriya ndege. Mu bushakashatsi bwe bwiswe: «Rwanda: Les trois jours qui ont fait basculer l’histoire»», Filip Reyntjens yatanze igishushanyo cy’ahantu iindege yarasiwe, aho yerekana ko «aho igisasu cyahamirije indege» ari hejuru y’ingoro ya Perezida wa Repubulika, i Kanombe. Aha umuntu yatekerezako mu by’ukuri, mu gihe indege yahamwe n’igisasu cya misile ubwo yagenderaga ku butumburuke bwo hasi, kuri metero nkeya uvuye ku muhanda indege zigwaho, na none kubera ko indege yaguye mu busitani bw’urugo rwa Perezida wa Repubulika ruri hafi y’ikibuga cy’indege, bivuga ko ahantu indege yahamiwe n’igisasu atari kure cyane n’urugo rwa Perezida Habyarimana. Benshi mu batangabuhamya, cyane cyane abatuye mu gace ka Rusororo na Masaka, hamwe n’abajepe bacungaga umutekano w’urugo rwe, hamwe n’abasirikare bo mu Kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe bacuga ko babonye kandi bahagaze kuri icyo gikorwa bemeza ko igisasu cyahamye indege mu gihe indege yari hejuru ya Nyarugunga ku musozi wa kanombe, ahari urugo rwa Perezida274.

272 Uwanyiligira Jeanne na Uwimbabazi Mariya Kelere, ubuhamya bwakiriwe nUbushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bw’Ububiligi, i Buruseli, mu rubanza N° 02 02545 N94 C8, Buruseli, ku wa 22 Kamena 1994. 273 MIP, Umutumba II, Umugereka, Urup. 278 274 Muganga Yohani Bosiko, ubuhamya bwatanzwe imbere ya Komite, i Kigali, ku wa 25 Werurwe 2008; Uzamukunda Anyesi, Rwajekare Awugusitini, na Nkurunziza Faranswa Saveri, Kigali, ku wa 26 Werurwe 2008;

96

UMWANZURO KU GICE CYA MBERE KU BIREBANA N’IMPAMVU N’UBURYO

INDEGE YAHANUWEMO

Intambara yatangijwe na FPR, ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990, yabaye urwitwazo rwo kubyutsa ingeso, yari imaze kuba akarande mu bayobozi b’u Rwanda kuva mu bihe by’ubwigenge, yo kwica Abatutsi, bafatwaga muri rusange nk’aho bose bari bafite umugambi umwe wa politiki. Ibi byabaye mu bihe by’ubwigenge buri gihe habagaho amakimbirane ya politiki, noneho agahindurwamo intambara y’amoko hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi275. Ibi na none byagaragaye nyuma y’ubwigenge ; buri gihe iyo « Inyenzi » zateraga ziturutse mu bihugu bihana imbibi n’u Rwanda. Mu by’ukuri, politiki ya jenoside yibasiye Abatutsi, yatangiye ku butegetsi bwa Repubulika ya mbere yakozwe mu byiciro by’ingenzi bya 1959, 1963, 1966 na 1973, yarakomeje no ku butegetsi bwa Repubulika ya Kabiri, yaranzwe n’ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abahima n’Abatutsi mu Mutara mu mwaka wa 1990, ubwicanyi bwa Kibilira muri uwo mwaka, ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abagogwe muri Gashyantare 1991, ubwicanyi bwo mu Bugesera muri Werurwe 1992, ubwicanyi bwo ku Kibuye Kanama 1993, n’ubwicanyi bwa Mbogo muri Werurwe 1993. Ibyo byiciro byose by’ubwicanyi byarakomeje, bityo bityo, bisozwa na jenoside yo muri 1994. Biragaragara ko rero jenoside yakoreshejwe nk’imwe mu ntwaro mbisha yo kwikiza Abatutsi burundu, kuko bafatwaga nk’abo bahanganye n’Abahutu muri politiki ku buryo buhoraho.

Iyicwa rya Perezida Habyarimana, warasiwe mu ndege ye ku mugoroba wo ku wa 06 Mata 1994, riganisha ku mugambi umwe wo gushaka kugumana ubutegetsi. Iyicwa rya Perezida Habyarimana na none rifitanye isano n’iyicwa, ryo ku wa7 Mata 1994, rya Minisitiri w’Intebe, Agathe Uwilingiyimana, Prezida w’Urukiko Rurinda Itegekonshinga, Joseph Kavaruganda, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’amahanga, Boniface Ngulinzira, wari mu ishyaka riharanira Demokarasi na Repubulika (MDR), Minisitiri w ‘Ubuhinzi, Frédéric Nzamurambaho, wari mu Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi n’imibereho myiza y ‘abaturage (PSD), Minisitiri w’Umurimo n’Imibereho myiza y’Abaturage, Landoald Ndasingwa, wari mu Ishyaka riharanira Ukwishyira Ukizana kwa buri Muntu (PL), n’abandi bayobozi batavugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, bivugwa ko baharaniraga demokarasi. Birumvikana rero ko, mu izina ryo kugundira ubutegetsi, umugambi

Mukangamije Tasiyana, Kigali, ku wa 25 Werurwe 2008; Rafiki Mariya Shantali watanze ubuhamya, i Kigali, ku wa 9 Kamena 2008; Iyamuremye Disimasi na Hakizimana Papiyasi, watanze ubuhamya, I Kigali, ku wa 6 Kamena 2008; Nzeyimana Lewopolidi i Karongi,, ku wa 9 Nzeli 2008. 275 Grégoire Kayibanda yanditse mu Kinyamakuru “JYAMBERE” inomero y’inyongera N°3 yo ku wa 27 Ugushyingo 1959 ko, niba Abatutsi bakomeje guturana n’Abahutu, bazatsembwa. Nyuma y’igitero cy’inyenzi I Bugesera, ku wa 21 Ukuboza 1963, Perezida Kayibanda yahanuye, muri disikuru ye nyuma y’icyo gitero, ko niba inyenzi zishoboye gufata i Kigali, n’ubwo bitazorohera, ″bizaba imperuka kandi yihuse y’ubwoko bw’Abatutsi″. Nk’umuti, Kayibanda yagiriye inama Loni guca u Rwanda mo kabiri, igice cy’Abatutsi n’icy’Abahutu, mu rwego rwa «Leta ihuriweho, mu ishyirahamwe », Abatutsi bagatuzwa mu Bugesera, mu Rukaryi, mu Buganza, Territwari ya Kibungo no mu Mutara, bitabujije ko ababishaka bakomeza gutura mu gace k’ubundi bwoko. Ikigega cy’Umwami kigahabwa inshingano zo kwishyura ibintu by’abantu bimuwe mu byabo no kubaka amazu hamwe no gutanga inkunga ku bantu bazayikenera. (Ikinyamakuru Jyambere N°5 ya Mutarama 1960c, (Ikinyamakuru Dialogue N°183-Ukuboza 2007c

97

wo kurimbura Abatutsi wakomejwe n’bayobozi b’intangondwa bo mu butegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana, amaherezo waje gufatwa ubwe nk’uwabagambaniye. Mu yandi magambo, iyicwa rya Perezida Habyarimana ntabwo ariyo mbarutso ya jenoside kuko we ubwe yari mubateguye umugambi wa jenoside, ari ku buyobozi bukuru bw’igihugu kandi nk’umuyobozi mukuru wa MRND, ishyaka–Leta ritigeze ryitandukanya n’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside yo kuri Repubulika ya Mbere. Nta n’ubwo urupfu rwe ari yo mpamvu ya jenoside kuko jenoside yatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu byiciro binyuranye guhera mu mwaka wa 1959, ku buryo icyiciro cya nyuma cyo muri 1994 kitasabaga ko Perezida Habyarimana abanza gupfa kugira ngo gishyirwe mu bikorwa kuko n’igihe yari akiri muzima, mbere yo ku wa 6 Mata 1994, uwo mugambi wateganijwe ku matariki anyuranye. Kubera izo mpamvu, urupfu rwe ahubwo rugaragara nk’uburyo bwo gufata ubutegetsi, hiyongereyeho n’mwanya mwiza ubonetse wo kurangiza umugambi wa jenoside, bitwaje ko Abatutsi ari bo bamwishe.

Mu by’ukuri, hashingiwe ku buhamya bwinshi bwatanzwe n’abasirikare bo mu Kigo cya Kanombe, nyuma gato indege ikimara guhanuka mu busitani bw’urugo rwa Perezida rwari muri metero 300 gusa, uvuye kuri icyo kigo, Komanda wa Batayo ya parakomando, Umutwe w’abasirikare wari ukomeye kurusha iyindi muri icyo kigo, Majoro Aloys Ntabakuze, yasabye ko havuzwa urumbeti, noneho ahuriza hamwe abasirikare kugira ngo abahe amabwiriza. Yababwiyeko Abatutsi bo muri FPR bamaze kwica Perezida wabo, ko rero bagomba kumuhorera kandi ko abasirikare basnazwe bazi icyo bagombaga gukora. By’umwihariko, Majoro Ntabakuze yahise atoranya bamwe basirikare bo mu gashami k’abakomando bashinzwe Ubushakashatsi n’ibikorwa byimbitse (CRAP), kugira ngo abohereze kwa Perezida wa Repubulika. Ntabakuze yababwiye ko nibumva urusaku rw’imbunda, batagombaga kwikanga kuko bazaba ari bagenzi babo batangiye igikorwa cyabo. Nyuma y’iminota mike, Abatutsi batangiye kwicwa ku buryo bugaragara nk’aho bwateguwe mu gace bita «Mu Kajagari» kegereye ikigo cya Gisirikare cya Kanombe kandi burakomeza ijoro ryose ryo ku wa 6 Mata 1994, noneho ku minsi yakurikiyeho buza gukwira hose mu mujyi wa Kigali ndetse n’ahamdi mu gihugu. Ibi bisobanura ko umugambi wo gushyira mu bikorwa jenoside y’Abatutsi no kwica Abanyapolitiki b’Abahutu batavuagaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwariho, wacuzwe mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege, nk’uko byagaragajwe n’ubutabera ku rwego rw’igihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, Perezida wa Repubulika, yari yaraburiwe ku mugaragaro n’intagondwa zo mu ngabo ze n’izo mu ishyaka rye, MRND, ko naramuka yemeye Amasezerano ya Arusha yateganyaga gusaranganya ubutegetsi na FPR n’amashyaka atavuga rumwe na MRND, bazamwikiza ku buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose. Kandi ni byo mu by’ukuri byakozwe. Umugambi wo guhirika ubutegetsi bwe rero wari waracuzwe ku buryo ihanurwa ry’indege ye bwari bumwe mu buryo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi bwe, bagamije nyine gufata ubwo butegetsi ku mbaraga no gukuraho inzego za Leta zemewe n’amategeko276. Ni muri uwo mugambi hishwe abayobozi b’amashyaka ya politiki ataravugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, barimo Minisitiri w’Intebe, kugira ngo bizere koko ko ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi ryageze ku ntego.

276 Ku wa 30 Nyakanga 1993, Inteko ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda (CND) yari yaravuguruye Itegeko Nshinga ryo muri 1991 kandi Amasezerano ya Arusha asumbya agaciro iryo Tegeko Nshinga.

98

Uburyo Perezida Habyarimana yapfuyemo, nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege ye buzasuzumwa mu nzego ebyiri : urwego rwa politiki n’urwa gisirikare. Ku rwego rwa politiki, Perezida Habyarimana yari ahanganye n’ibibazo bikomeye by’igihugu yagombaga kubonera ibisubizo. Inzego zateganywaga n’amasezerano ya Arusha zagombaga gushyirwaho bidatinze, bitaba ibyo, agafatirwa ibihano n’Umuryango w’abibumbye (Loni), n’ibihugu by’ibihangange byari inshuti z’u Rwanda, birimo Ububiligi. Mbere gato y’uko ajya Dar-es-Salaam, Perezida Habyalimana yari yafashe icyemezo ko abagize Gugerinoma n’Abadepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho bari kurahira ku wa 10 Mata 1994, hatarimo CDR, n’ubwo ishyaka rye ryabishakaga, bityo CDR ikaba ihejwe mu Nteko Ishingamategeko y’inzibacyuho.

Mu Nama y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu yateraniye i Dar-es-Salaam, Perezida Habyarimana yatangaje ko agiye gushyira ku bikorwa vuba vuba icyo cyemezo, nuko inama yibanda ku kibazo cy’umutekano muke i Burundi. Abahutu b’intagondwa barwanyaga Amasezerano ya Arusha baburiye Minisitiri w’Intebe na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, bombi bari bashyigikiye Amasezerano ya Arusha, ko batazatuma ashyirwa mu bikorwa, kuko basangaga ayo Amasezerano ya Arusha ari nk’ubugambanyi bwo kubambura ubutegetsi bari barihariye, Ku rwego rwa gisirikare, Amasezerano ya Arusha yateganyaga kuvanga ingabo z’impande zombi no gushyiraho umutwe umwe w’ingabo z’igihugu. Bamwe mu basirikare b’ingabo z’u Rwanda, barimo abasirikare bakuru n’abawofisiye batoya, ntabwo barwanyaga icyo cyemezo, kubera ko bari barambiwe intambara yari imaze imyaka ine kandi imaze guhitana ibihumbi by’abantu, abandi bagakomereka bikomeye. Ku rundi ruhande ariko, hari abasirikare bakuru, cyane cyane abakomokaga muri Perefegitura za Gisenyi na Ruhengeri barwanyaga iryo vangwa ry’ingabo, bituma banga kandi barwanya bimazeyo Amasezerano ya Arusha. Twibutse ko ku rwego rukuru rw’ubuyobozi bwa gisirikare, FPR na Guverinoma bagombaga gufata 50% by’imyanya, buri ruhande, naho ku rwego rw’abasirikare batoya Guverinoma igahabwa 60% gusa cy’abasirikare, bisobanura ko hagombaga kubaho umubare utari mutoya w’abasirikare birukanwa mu basirikare bakuru no mu basirikare batoya mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, bikaba rero btarakomezaga kubatera impungenge. Iyicwa rya Perezida wa Repubulika ryarI tigamije guhirika ubutegetsi, Koloneli Bagosora akaba umwe mu bari ku isonga, ashyigikiwe n’abasirilare bakuru b’imitwe yihariye y’ingabo z’u Rwanda, cyane cyane abajepe, Batayo z’abaparakomando n’iy’ubutasi bwa Gisirikare. Kandi igihe kobonetse cyo gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya icyiciro cya nyuma ya jenoside. MINUAR yagerageje gushyiraho itsinda ryingenga ry’ipererza ku ihanurwa ry’indege ariko ingabo z’u Rwanda zibuza MINUAR kugera ahantu indege yaguye kugera hagati mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1994. Muri urwo rwego, u Rwanda n’Ububiligi byasabye Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Indege za Gisivili (OACI/ICAO) gukora iperereza ariko ntacyo byatanze, mu gihe Ubufaransa butigeze bwita kuri icyo kibazo cyo gukora iperereza ku cyahanuye iyo ndege. Iri perereza ryakozwe n’u Rwanda rifite rero intego yo kuziba icyo cyuho. Igice cya mbere cya raporo kibanze ku buryo ibintu byari byifashe mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege, naho igice cya kabiri kigamije kwerekana abaragize uruhare mu guhanura iyo ndege.

IGICE CYA KABIRI: URUHARE MU IHANURWA RY’INDEGE

99

Gushaka kumenya abagize uruhare mu ihanurwa ry’indege Falcon 50 yaguyemo Perezida Habyarimana n’abandi bagenzi, byatangiye iminota mike gusa indege ikimara guhanuka. Bamwe batanze ibisobanuro, ariko birinda kugira uwo batunga agatoki, mu gihe abandi bantu bo bahisemo kugereka icyo cyaha ku bo bashakaga gushinja ko ari bo bahanuye indege. Ibyo birego byabaye mu buryo buhubutse, akenshi bishingiye ku marangamutima, nta gutanga ibimenyetso, kubera ko nta perereza ryakozwe kugira ngo rigaragaza ukuri kuri ririya hanurwa ry’indege. Uko iminsi yagiye ihita, bimwe muri ibyo bisobanuro byagiye bita agaciro, ku buryo byagiye byibagirana, mu gihe ibindi byagiye bikomeza kuvugwa bishingiye ku bimenyetso by’amarangamutima, byatumye haba ababyakirana ubwuzu cyangwa kumirwa bitewe n’ibyo babaga bategereje, cyangwa se ibyifuzo n’ibitekerezo byabo. Ibyinshi muri ibyo birego cyangwa ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’abantu batigeze bagera aho indege yahanukiye mu gihe yarasagwa, bakibanda ku nkuru mbarirano, akenshi bavanaga mu batangamakuru cyangwa abanyapolitiki barwanya ubutegetsi buriho ubu, ku buryo ukuri kw’amakuru yabo kutakwizerwa, ahubwo kugomba kwakiranwa ubushishozi. Muri abo harimo n’abahoze ari abayoboke ba FPR bayitorotsemo, bagenda bigamba ko ari bo bagize uruhare mu guhanura iyo ndege. Kugira ngo ishobore kugera ku nshingano zayo, Komite yihaye intego yo gukora ibishoboka byose, ikurikirana ibirari n’ibitekerezo binyuranye. Iperereza ryibanze ku gusuzuma inyandiko n’ibitabo byanditswe kugeza ubu, ibisobanuro ndetse n’ibirego byashyizwe ahagaragara ariko, cyane cyane yakoze ubushakashatsi bwayo bwite, bwatumye ibona ibimenyetso bishobora gushyigikira umwanzuro yagezeho nk’uko bigaragara muri iyi raporo.

Ibisobanuro n’ibivugwa binyuranye ku bahanuye iriya ndege

Ibitekerezo bine binyuranye byatanzwe bisobanura uko indege yahanuwe byakurikiranye bitya: Kurega abasirikare b’Ababiligi; Kurega Abasirikare b’intagondwa b’Abahutu bakoranaga n’abasirikare b’Abafaransa bo mu Ishami rishinzwe ingoboka, Ubutwererane n’Inyigisho bya gisirikare (DAMI), kurega FPR, hamwe n’ibitekerezo biganisha ku Burundi na Zaire y’icyo gihe, byo nta gihe byamaze. Muri iki gihe, hasigaye impaka ku mpande ebyiri zitunga agatoki FPR, n’agatsiko k’intagondwa mu butegetsi bw’u Rwanda, bita Hutu Power.

Iregwa ry’Abasirikare b’Ababiligi bari muri MINUAR

Gushinja ku mugaragaro abasirikare b’Ababiligi bari muri MINUAR, baregwa ko ari bo bagize uruhare mu ihanurwa ry’indege byatangijwe na RTLM, biza gusubirwamo n’abayobozi b’u Rwanda n’abari bahagarariye Ubufaransa mu Rwanda, indege ikimara gusandara.. Abakozi bo mu rwego rw’ubutwererane b’Ababiligi bakoreraga mu Rwanda bavuze ko ku mugoboroba wo ku wa 6 Mata, batelefonnye kuri Ambasade y’Ubufaransa, noneho ijwi rishyirwa mbere muri telefoni ya Ambasade rivuga ko: «Ni Ababiligi barashe indege277». Nyuma y’aho, abayoboke, ibyegera n’inkoramutima za Habyarimana na za Ambasade z’u Rwanda mu mahanga, cyane

277 Ubuhamya bwa Pierre Jamagne na François Veriter, Komisiyo ya « Mucyo » ; Reba na none C. Braeckmann, Rwanda : Histoire d’un génocide…op. cit., Urup 77

100

cyane iyo mu Bubiligi no mu Bufaransa278, basubiyemo icyo kirego, nta kimenyetso na kimwe batanze279. I Buruseli, kuva mu gitondo cy’uwa 7 Mata, Komite yo mu Bihe bidasanzwe, igizwe n’abambari ba MRND na CDR, bagizwe ahanini n’abigaga barihirwa na Leta y’u Rwanda, bahagarariwe na Papias Ngaboyamahina280, yashyizweho muri Ambasade y’u Rwanda mu Bubiligi, nyuma isohora itangazo muri cyo gitondo ryavugaga ko « hashingiwe ku makuru yavaga mu basirikare ba Loni batari Ababiligi, byemejwe ko ibisasu byarashe indege ya

Perezida wa Repubulika byaturutse mu karere kagenzurwaga n’ingabo z’Ababiligi zari muri

MINUAR281 . Itangazo ryashimangiraga ibirego Ububiligi bwaregwaga bivuga ko bwari bufite

uruhare mu ihirikwa ry ‘ubutegetsi bwa Leta y’u Rwanda, mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wateguwe n’igihugu cy’igihangange ku isi. «Iri yicwa ry’impurirane ry’Abaperezida babiri n’indunduro y’umugambi muremure ugamije guha FPR ubutegetsi ku ngufu, bakoresheje

Abasirikare b’Ababiligi bari mu ngabo za Loni282

».

Jacques Collet, Umunyamakuru ufotora w’Uumubiligi, wagiye kuri Ambasade y’u Rwanda mu Bubiligi mu gitondo ku wa 7 Mata 1994 ashaka viza yo kuza mu Rwanda, avuga ko yumvise ubwe, uwo munsi kuri iyo Ambasade, ibirego byeruye bivuga ko ari abasirikare b’ababiligi bahanuye indege:

«Ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, ahagana saa tanu za mu gitondo nari kuri Ambasade y’U

Rwanda i Buruseli, aho nari nagiye gusaba viza. Icyo gihe, naguye gitumo agatsiko

k’abantu basohokaga mu Biro bya Ambasade baganira. Umwe muri abo bantu yaravuze

ngo: (…) ‘byahamijwe (…) Ni abasirikare b’ababiligi barashe indege, batanu bishwe,

naho abandi batanu bazicwa nyuma’.

Uwo muntu yasobanuraga ko abo basirikare b’Ababiligi barezwe na bagenzi babo

bakomoka muri Bangladesh. Basaga n’abo imitwe yashyushye. Nahise rero mbaza

ikibazo cyerekeranye n’inyungu Ababiligi bari bafite mu kwica Perezida wa Repubulika

w ‘u Rwanda. Uwanshubije yambwiye aseka: ‘Urabizi neza uwo babikoreye!’ Ubwo

yashakaga kuvuga ko ari FPR.

(…) Uwo mu muntu nari muzi ku isura «nk’umunyeshuri » wigaga mu Bubiligi kandi

nk’u murwanashyaka wa CDR akoranira hafi n’uwitwa « Papias » wa Gembloux (…)

Natangajwe n’uko abo bantu bari bafite amakuru avuga atyo nyuma y’akanya gato

indege ikimara kuraswa. Ndibuka ko ibyo byabaye ku wa 7 Mata 1994, ahagana saa tanu

za mu gitondo ! Abo bantu ngo baba bari bamaze kumenya neza ko abasirikare

278 C. Braeckmann, Rwanda: Histoire d’un génocide,…op. cit. Urup.177 279 Ba Ambasaderi b’u Rwanda muri Misiri na Etiyopiya bakoresheje inama y’abanyamakuru zari zigamije kurega Ububiligi (Reba Inyandiko ya telegaramu ya Ambasade y’Ububiligi muri Etiyopiya : AMBABEL-ADDIS-ABBEBA A BELEXT BRU 1993 yo ku wa 5 Gicurasi 1994) 280 Papias Ngaboyamahina icyo gihe yigiraga impamyabumenyi ye y’Ikirenga yo mu rwego rwa dogitora mu buhinzi i Gembloux. Yari ahagarariye ishyaka rya MRND mu Bubiligi, Perezida w’abanyeshuri b’Abanyarwanda mu Bubiligi akaba n’uwambere wafashe imigabane muri RTLM. François Misser amusobanura nk’’«Umumilita wuzuye kandi w’intagondwa wa MRND, wari ufitanye ubucuti bukomeye n’abasirikare, nawe kandi

yaturukagamo » : Reba Un nouveau Rwanda,…op. cit. Urup.86 281 Byavuye mu gitabo cya C. Braeckmann, Rwanda : Histoire d’un génocide…op. cit.,Urup.178 282 Ibidem

101

b’Ababiligi bagera ku icumi bamaze kwicwa, mu gihe nk’uko byumvikana, Abasirikare

b’Ababiligi bari i Kigali, bo babimenye bitinze cyane283

».

Hashize ibyumweru bibiri indege ihanutse, Etienne Sengegera, Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda muri Zaire, yasobanuye kuri Radiyo Zayire, ku wa 20 Mara 1994, ko uruhare rw’Ababiligi mu ihanurwa ry’indege ryari rishingiye ku mpamvu y’uko «Bamwe bari mu nzego za poiltiki z’Ububiligi bari bashyigikiye FPR, ku impamvu tutazi », mbere yo kongeraho ko u Rwanda rwaba atari cyo gihugu cyonyine abagize uruhare muri icyo gikorwa bari bugarije: «Isesengura ry’inyungu za politiki mu karere ryakwerekana ko u Rwanda cyaba atari cyo gihugu cyonyine

cyugarijwe 284». Mu rwego rwo kurushaho gushimangira ikirego cye, Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda yatangaje ko Abasirikare b’Ababiligi bagenzuraga mu nkengero z’ikibuga cy’indege no mu gace ka Masaka ahantu yavugaga ko ariho ibisasu byarasiwe. Sengegera yongeyeho indi ngingo itangaje, itarigera igenzurwa, ko ngo imirambo y’abazungu barwanaga ku ruhande rwa FPR bayisanze aho indege yarasiwe285.

Aha umuntu yakwibaza impamvu Ambasade y’Ubufaransa yahise ako kanya itunga agatoki Abasirikare b’Ababiligi kuba ari bo barashe indege. Ku rundi ruhande, ku birebana n’ibirego bikomoka mu nzego za Guverinoma y’ u Rwanda, gutunga agatoki Ababiligi bisobanurwa n’impamvu zinyuranye zifite icyo zigamije. Mu by’ukuri, twibutse ko FPR igihe yatangiraga intambara, ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990, hashize ukwezi, Ububiligi bwakuye abasirikare babwo mu Rwanda bari baje guhungisha bene wabo. Ibi bitandukanye n’Ubufaransa bwari bwazanywe n’impamvu zimwe nk’iz’Ababiligi, ariko bo bagafata icyemezo cyo kuguma mu Rwanda ndetse no kongerera ingabo zabo ingufu, mu gihe kirenze imyaka itatu, Abasirikare b’ingabo z’u Rwanda n’ubutegetsi bwariho mu Rwanda ntibigeze bishimira kuba Ububiligi bwaragaruke iwabo ingabo zabwo, akaba ari yo mpamvu nyuma baje kwibasira no kugaragariza urwango abasirikare b’Ababiligi bari boherejwe mu Rwanda mu rwego rwa MINUAR muri 1993, mu butumwa bwo gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Amasezerano ya Arusha. Kuva icyo gihe, intagondwa z’Abahutu zakomeje kurega abasirikare b’Ababiligi bari muri MINUAR ubugambanyi, bavuga ko bafatanya n’umwanzi, banarega ububiligi kuba bufite uruhare mu gushyigikira FPR. Iki kirego ngo cyari gishingiye ahanini ku mpamvu y’uko FPR yari ifite ibiro bihoraho i Buruseli no kubera ko Ububiligi bwagize uruhare mu gutegura inama yateranye kuva ku wa 29 Gicurasi kugera ku wa 2 Kamena 1992, igahuza FPR n’abyobozi b’amashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwariho mu Rwanda286. Urwango bari bafitiye Ababiligi rwaje kwiyongera nyuma ku buryo babyigishaga ku mugaragaro, nyuma y’aho RTLM ishingiwe, cyane cyane nyuma y’itahuka ry’ingabo z’Ubufaransa zari mu Rwanda mu gikorwa cya gisirikare cyiswe NOROIT muri 1993, mu rwego rwo kwitegura ishyira mu bikorwa ry’Amasezerano ya Arusha287.

283 Ubuhamya bwa Collet Jacques mu nyandiko ye n° 02 02545 94 C8 ‘Ubushinjacya bwa Gisirikare i Buruseli, ku wa 16 Gicurasi 1994 (Inyandiko y’urubanzza rwa Ntuyahaga) 284 Byavuye mu gitabo cyanditswe na G. Prunier, Rwanda : le génocide…Op. Cit., Urup.258 285 Ibidem 286 Monique Mass, Paris-Kigali…Op. Cit., Urup.370 287 Ubuhamya bwa Patrick Léon, ku wa 18 Gicurasi 1994, muri dosiye n° 02 02545 94 C8 y’umushinjacyaha Mukuru, i Buruseli, PV n° 683 (Inyandiko y’urubanza rwa Bernard Ntuyahaga)

102

Iregwa ry’Abasirikare b’Uburundi n’abari mu mitwe ya pilitiki itavuga rumwe na Leta

y’Uburundi

Kuba Perezida w’Uburundi, Cyprien Ntaryamira yari muri iriya ndege byatumye abantu bamwe batekereza ko Abarundi baba bafite uruhare mu ihanurwa ry’iyo ndegeya Falcon 50. Ngo yaba ari we Abarundi batavuga rumwe na Leta bashakaga kwikiza bagamije kumuhirika ku butegetsi. Icyo kirego cyahise kizimira, gita agaciro kubera ko nta bimenyetso n’ibisobanuro bifatika, bifite ireme, byagishyigikiraga288. Nyamara, hari bamwe mu banditsi bagitsimbaraye kuri icyo gitekerezo, noneho bakagihuza n’ikindi cy’Abanyarwanda b’Abahutu b’intagondwa, bavuga ko abo bahutu baba bararashe indege ya Perezida Habyarimana bibeshye, batekereza ko yarimo Koloneli Jean Bikomagu, wahoze ari Umugaba w’Ingabo z’Uburundi. Dore uko Jean-Claude Ngabonziza abibona:

«Nyuma y’inama, Perezida Ntaryamira w’u Burundi (…) yaba yarategetse intumwa yari

ari kumwe nazo kugana i Kigali, aho yagombaga gusubira mu ndege ye, kubera ko

yavugaga ko yashakaga gukomeza ibiganiro na mugenzi we w’u Rwanda. (…) Itegeko

ryaba ryaratanzwe Na Habyarimana ubwe, ariha Umutwe wihariye wayoborwaga

n’abasirikare b’Abafaransa Bari bafite mu kazi i Kigali, ko barasa indege ya mbere iri

bugwe i Kanombe kandi intego yari igamijwe icyo gihe yari indege Koloneli Jean

Bikomagu yarimo. Ubwo indege ya Yuvenali Hanbyarimana yagombaga kuzenguruka mu

kirere, sinzi niba ari hehe, itegereje ko ibyo biokrwa.

Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Burundi, wagize amakenga yo kugwa i Kigali, yaba

yaranze kubaha itegeko rya Perezida we, agategeka utwaye indege guhita akomereza i

Bujumbura, noneho akaza kujya i Kigali nyuma kuzana Perezida Cyprien Ntaryamira.

(…) Bityo rero, indege ya mbere yagerageje kugwa i Kigali, ntiyari iya Koloneli Jean

Bikomagu, ahubwo yari iya Yuvenali Habyarimana na Cyprien Ntaryamira barashwe

nk’uko amabwiriza yari yatanzwe 289

». Iki kirari nta buhamya gifite bushingiye ku bimenyetso kubera ko Koloneli Jean Bikomagu atigeze ajya i Dar es Salaam ku buryo atari kuba ari mu kirere cya Kanombe, mu ijoro ryo ku wa 6 Mata 1994, nk’uko J.C. Ngabonziza abisobanura.

Iregwa rya Perezida Mobutu

N’ubwo iki gitekerezo kitavugwa cyane, ni kimwe mu birego bimaze imyaka biriho. Mu by ‘ukuri, muri Nzeli n’Ukwakira 1995, bamwe mu banyamakuru b’Ababiligi bashingiye ku makuru yavuye muri serivisi z’iperereza z’Ububiligi zo ku matariki yo mu kwezi kwa Mata 1994, bahamya ko ihanurwa ry’indege ryategetswe na Perezida Mobutu, bakongera ho ko ibisasu byarashe indege byaguzwe n’Ubufaransa, nyuma bikoherezwa i Kigali, binyuze kuri Goma, ku mupaka wa Gisenyi290. Iki gitekerezo gisa n’aho cyatangijwe n’ibyavuzwe n’uwahoze ari

288 Raporo ya MIP, Urup.220-221 289 Jean-Claude Ngabonziza, « L’attentat qui a précédé le génocide en 1994 au Rwanda : un complot, un piège, une erreur » : http://users.skynet.be/wihogora/ngabonziza-habyarimana-190503.htm 290 Raporo ya MIP, Urup.219 ; Le Soir, 26 Ukwakira 1995

103

umucanshuro w’Umubiligi, Christian Tavernier, wamaze imyaka n’imyaka ari umwe mu bagize akanama k’umutekano ka Perezida Mobutu. Nk’uko Tavernier abivuga, ibisasu byaguzwe n’umucuruzi w’intwaro ku buryo butemewe n’amategeko ubifitemo ubuzobere, witwa Bwana «H. » wari umaze igihe kirekire afitanye ubucuti bushingiye ku bucuruzi n’inzego z’ubuyobozi bwa Zayire. Tavernier asobanura ko Bwana «H» yohereje kuri Goma misile enye zirasirwa ku butaka zigana mu kirere, bazinyuza ku cyambu cy’Ububiligi cya Ostende, abifashijwemo ku buryo bweruye na Ambasade ya Zayire i Buruseli. Ambasade yaba yaramutije igaraje yo kubikamo ibisanduku by’izo misile kandi inamuha ibyangombwa byo kuhakoresha291. Agereranya inkomoko z’amakuru yari afite hamwe n’ibyo Christian Tavernier yatangaje, Colette Braeckmann we abona ko ibyatangajwe na Tavernier byaba bifitemo ukuri, ku buryo bikwiye kwitabwaho. Ashingiye ku nyandiko ya serivisi z’iperereza z’Ububiligi, yo ku wa 22 Mata 1994 no ku bantu bamugezagaho amakuru bo mu nzego z’umutekano z’Ububiligi, Madamu Braeckmann yanditse ko abamuhaga amakuru bari bafite amakuru asa n’aya Tavernier muri Mata 1994, ariko ko ayo makuru bitegeze biba ngombwa ko asesengurwa :

«Amakuru ya Christian Tavernier nta kindi yagombaga kuba uretse ikimenyetso

cy’inyongera, cyari kongerwa muri dosiye, cyagombye kugira icyo cyibazwaho, Iyo

kitaza kuzuzanya n’ibivugwa mu nyandiko yavuye muri serivisi z’iperereza z’u Bubiligi

(SGR) yo ku wa 22 Mata 1994. Nk’uko byatangajwe n’umwe mu batangamakuru ba

serivisi z’iperereza, (SGR), ibisasu byaturutse mu Bufaransa; bibikwa muri Ambasade ya

Zayire i Buruseli, biherekezwa n’umuhungu wa Perezida Mpbitu, nyuma indege ibivana

Ostende. Inkomoko y’amakuru ya serivisi z’iperereza (SGR) yongeraho ko hari

umugambi wo kwica Etienne Tshisekedi, umuyobozi w’ishyaka ryari rihanganye

n’Ubutegetsi muri Zayire (Ubu yabaye Kongo) ku wa 24 Mata, mu gihe

cy’imyigaragambyo.

Muri icyo gihe, iyo nyandiko, n’ubwo yari yohererejwe ku buryo bwemewe inzego zose

zibishinzwe (Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Minisiteri y’Ingabo, Ubuyobozi Bukuru bwa

Gisirikare, Inzego nkuru z’iperereza z’Igihugu, Ibwami,) ntawigeze agira icyo ayikoraho,

noneho amaherezo iza kuzimira. (….) Byabaye ngombwa gutegereza mu Kuboza 1994

kugira ngo Madamu Véronique Paulus de Châtelet, wari umaze kugirwa umuyobozi wa

Komite R (Ushinzwe kugenzura serivisi z’iperereza), abonye iyo nyandiko y’ibanga,

noneho aterwa impungenge n’izimira ryayo. Icyo gihe yatahuye ko nta muntu wigeze

asesengura ku buryo bushishikaje, amakuru akubiye muri iyo nyandiko, n’ubwo yari

ingirakamaro. (…) hashingiwe ku mutangamakuru wa serivisi z’iperereza (SGR),

igikorwa cyo guhanura indege cyaba cyarateguwe na Perezida Mobutu, kandi misile

zaguriwe mu Bufaransa, zaba zaroherejwe Ostende mu kamyo, nyuma zikaza koherezwa i

Kinshasa mu ndege y’imizigo (birashoboka ko iyo ndege yari iy’ikigo cya CB),

amaherezo ibyo bisasu bikaza koherezwa kuri Goma.

291 Colette Braeckmann, « Quand deux pistes différentes se recoupent sur le déclenchement du génocide rwandais. L’attentat contre Habyarimana: un détour par la Belgique », http://www.obsac.com/OBSV4N40-CBAttentatHabya98.html

104

Muri Kivu, ibyo bisasu byaba byarakiriwe n’abasirikare bashinzwe kurinda Perezida wa

Zayire, noneho biza koherezwa i Kigali mu ntango za Mata. Umutangabuhamya wigenga

uzwi n’inzego z’iperereza za SGR (Kandi natwe), ahamya ko ku wa 4 Mata 1994,

yabonye ikamyo ebyiri zinyura mu mujyi nyarwanda wa Gisenyi zitwikirije amahema,

ziturutse kuri Goma, ziherekejwe n’abajepe, akaba ari zo modoka zaba zarazanye izo za

misile292

».

Aho ayo makuru abera ingorabahizi, ni impamvu Perezida Mobutu yashakaga kwikiza Perezida w’u Rwanda wari inshuti ye magara, yari yarashyigikiye mu bihe bikomeye by’ubuzima bwe bwa politiki. Amwe mu makuru anavuga ko Mobutu yaba yaragiriye inama Perezida Hanyarimana, amusaba akomeje ko atajya mu Nama ya Dar-es-Salam, kubera ko byashobokaga ko yayicirwamo. Byongeye, Perezida Mobutu, wagombaga kujya muri iyo Nama, yanze kuyijyamo ku munota wa nyuma, ibi bikaba byatuma umuntu akeka ko yari afite impamvu zikomeye ku mutekano we cyangwa uw’abandi bantu bitabiriye iyo Nama. Na none, nk’uko bivugwa na bamwe mu nzobere mu bya politiki, ko erezida Mobutu, wari mu bibazo no mu gihirahiro gikomeye mu gihugu cye, yabonaga ko kuba ibintu bitangiye kugenda neza mu Rwanda, bitewe n’isinywa ry’Amsezerano ya Arusha, kuri we byashoboraga guhitana ubutegetsi we293. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ntabwo yari ashyigikiye ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ayo masezerano. Mu by’ukuri, amatora ashingiye kuri demokarasi, yari amaze kuba i Burundi, hagatsinda ishyaka rya FRODEBU ritavugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Amasezerano ya Arusha yateganyaga igabana ry’ubutegetsi hagati ya Perezida Habyarimana n’ amashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi y’imbere mu gihugu hamwe na FPR, byaba ibikorwa bikomeye byari gutuma Perezida Mobutu asigara wenyine ahanganye n’inkubiri ya politiki ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari. Hashingiwe kuri iri sesengura, birumvikana ko yari asangiye icyerekezo n’imyumvire n’intagondwa z’Abanyarwanda bo mu Rwanda biyitaga Hutu Power, bari bafite umugambi wo kuzitira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Amasezerano ya Arusha kugira ngo adasigara ari we Mukuru w’igihugu wenyine udashaka kwakira politiki ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi na demokarasi.

Iregwa ry’Umutwe wa FPR

Abayobozi b’Ubufaransa bari mu ba mbere bakomeje gutunga agatoki FPR, bashimangira ko ariyo yagize uruhare mu kurasa indege ya Perezida wa Repubulika. Mu nyandiko yo ku wa 7 Mata 1994, Bruno Delaye, Umujyanama Ushinzwe Afurika na Madagascar, muri Perezidansi ya Repubulika y’Ubufaransa, yatangaje ko «FPR ni yo yarashe indege294», nta bindi bisobanuro n’ibimenyetso yatanze yashingiragaho yemeza icyo kirego cye. Kuri uwo munsi, Jenerali Christian Quesnot, Umuyobozi W’ibiro bya Perezida Mitterrand, yanditse ko «Igitekerezo cy’uko FPR ari yo yarashe indege» kigomba gukurikiranwa, noneho ashimangira ko « icyo kirari kizagomba kwemezwa n’iperereza ». Nyamara, Jenerali Quesnot yagaragaje aho abogamiye mu gihe urwo ruhare rwa FPR we yarubonagamo umugambi wari wateguwe n’abayobozi bayo wo

292 C. Braeckmann, “Quand deux pistes différentes… », Inyandiko yavuzwe 293 C. Braeckmann, Inyandiko yavuzwe 294 Bruno Delaye, Ibarwa yagenewe Perezida wa Repubulika, Paris, ku wa 7 Mata 1994. Impamvu: Ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida wa Repubulika w’u Rwanda n’uw’u Burundi

105

gufata ubutegetsi: « Niba ihanurwa ry’indege ryarakozwe na FPR, byavuga ko ari igikorwa gifite uburemere bukomeye cyane kigamije gufata ubutegetsi i Kigali

295».

Ibyo bitekerezo n’ibirego by’abajyanama ba Perezida Mitterrand, uko ari babiri, bihuriweho n’Ambasaderi w’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda, Jean-Michel Marlaud, wanditse mu nyandiko ivunaguye yanditswe ku 25 Mata 1994 avuga ko «ihanurwa ry’indege yahitanye Perezida HABYARIMANA ryabaye imbarutso y’ibiba mu Rwanda ; birashoboka ko ari ibikorwa bya

FPR». Ubyumvise bwa mbere, usanga Ambasaderi w’Ubufaransa asa n’aho abivugana amakenga, kuko yongeraho ko ibyo avuga nta bimenyetso bifatika muri aka kanya bigaragaza ku buryo budakuka uruhare rw’uwahanuye indege. Nyamara, arangiza yerekana ko abogamye iyo yemeza ko «Amakuru avugako Perezida yahanuwe n’ibyegera bye adashyitse », ahubwo agakomeza avuga «igitekerezo cy’uruhare rwa FPR (…) ni cyo umuntu yaganishaho

296». Jean-Michel Marlaud araregura ingabo z’u Rwanda n’intangondwa z’Abahutu ngo kubera zo «guhuzagurika n’akajagari by’inzego z’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda byakurikiye ihanurwa ry’indege n’ibyemezo byabo bya mbere (Kugena Umukuru w’igihugu, na Guverinoma

y’agateganyo, guhamagarira FPR biganiro) ntibihuye n’igitekerezo cyo kuba barateguye uwo

mugambi297». Marlaud amaherezo atunga agatoki FPR, avuga ko ingabo z’u Rwanda

zitashoboraga kwiyambura abantu babo bakomeye, baguye mu ndege, arimo: «Perezida wa Repubulika, Umukuru w’Inzego z’ipererza n’Umugaba w’Ingabo mu gikorwa kimwe byaciye

intege ingabo z’u Rwanda ku buryo bukomeye, kandi zari kubona ubundi buryo bworoshye bwo

kuburizamo amasezerano y ‘ Arusha, batagombye ibitambo 298

».

Umunyamakuru Stephen Smith nawe yatunze FPR agatoki avuga ko ari yo yahanuye indege. Ku wa 29 Nyakanga 1994, yanditse inyandiko mu Kinyamakuru kitwa Libération, avuga ko «nta mwanzuro ndakuka wafatwa » kubera ko «nta bimenyetso bifatika biboneka » bidashidikanwaho. Nyamara, Stephen Smith yanzuye avuga ko «mu birari binyuranye byose bishoboka –igitekerezo giteye ubwoba kurusha ibindi- ni uko Umuryango wa FPR (…) waba ariwo warashe indege,

bikaba imbarutso ya jenoside y’abayoboke bayo 299». Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, Stephen Smith

yakajije umurego n’ubukana mu gushinja FPR, cyane cyane Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame. Smith yashingiraga ibirego bye ku buhamya bwa Abdul Ruzibiza, wahoze ari umusirikare muri APR akaza gutoroka, wemeza ko yari umwe mu bantu barashe indege, bitegetswe na Paul Kagame300, mbere yo kwisuburaho no kwivuguruza mu kwezi kw’Ugushyingo 2008, ashimangira ko inkuru yatangaje yari ibihimbano.

295 Général Quesnot, Ibwrwa yagenewe Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika, Paris, ku wa 7 Mata1994. Imamvu: RWANDA-BURUNDI- Ibyakurikiye urupfu rw’Abaperezida babiri 296 Ambasaderi w’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda, Inyandiko n° RW/DIVERS/940422A, Paris, ku wa 25 Mata 1994. A/S : RWANDA 297 Ibidem 298 Ibidem 299 Stephen Smith, « Habyarimana : Retour sur un attentat non élucidé », Libération, 29 juillet 1994 300 Inyandiko ebyiri muri Le Monde, yo ku wa 10 Werurwe 2004 : « Le récit de l’attentat du 6 avril 1994 par un ancien membre du ‘Network commando’ » na « L’enquête sur l’attentat qui fit basculer le Rwanda dans le génocide » ; Inyandiko ebyiri muri Le Monde 11 mars 2004 : « Trois questions à Léon Habyarimana » na « La visite en Belgique de Paul Kagame est perturbée par les révélations sur l’attentat du 6 avril 1994 » ;

106

Igitekerezo gishinja FPR gihuriweho n’impuguke mu mibereho n’imibanire y’abantu y’umufaransa witwa André Guichaoua, uvuga ko «Iyicwa rya Perezida Habyarimana ryari ryarateguwe mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1993, nk’inzira yo kubyutsa intambara

301» byakozwe na FPR. Birakwiye kumenya ko Guichaoua na Smith bashingira ibirego byabo ku bitekerezo byatangijwe n’abasirikare bakuru b’Abaifaransa ku 07 Mata 1994, naho benshi muri abo basirikare bakaba bavoma ayo makuru mu nzego nkuru za gisirikare z’Ubufaransa, kiko bizwi neza ko icyo gihe bari bafitanye ubucuti bukomeye hagati ya bamwe mu basirikare bo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda n’igisirikare cy’Ubufaransa302. Ikirego gitunga agatoki FPR na none gishyigikiwe ku buryo bwimazeyo n’abateguye jenoside, barimo Koloneli Théoneste Bagosora n’abari bagize Guverinoma y’Abataabzi Abatabazi, abarwanya Leta y’u Rwanda bibera mu bihugu by’amahanga303, hamwe n’Umucamanza w‘Umufaransa, Jean-Louis Bruguière, wasohoye inyandiko mpuzamahanaga zifata abayobozi bakuru b’u Rwanda mu Gushyingo 2006. Abashyigikiye icyo gitekerezo gishinja FPR kuba yaragize uruhare mu rupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana batanga ibisobanuro bibiri by’ingenzi, kimwe cya politiki, ikindi cya tekiniki. Mu rwego rwa politiki, bemeza ko kubangamira no gutinza ishyira mu bokorwa ry’amasezerano ya Arusha byakozwe na Perezida Habyarimana n’ibyegera bye, byatumye FPR ifata icyemezo cyo kumwikiza (kumwica) kugira ngo ifate ubutegetsi ku ngufu, nyuma yo kubura imirwano304. Abo bantu bongeraho ibindi bisobanuro bishingiye ku moko, bavuga ko FPR yari igizwe ahanini n’Abatutsi, kandi ko muri ibyo bihe byarangwaga n’amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko, FPR itari yizeye kuzatsinda binyuze mu amatora. Ngo kubera iyo mpamvu, FPR yafashe umugambi wo kwirinda amatora no kwica Perezida wa Repubukika, igamije gufata ubutegetsi. Ku rwego rwa tekiniki, abarega FPR bavuga ko uwo Muryango wari utunze za misile zirasa indege zivuye ku butaka, kandi ko bimwe muri ibyo bisasu byabonywe ahabereye imirwano, byari bimwe mu bisasu bya Uganda, ari naho FPR igomba kuba yarabikuye305.

Iregwa ry’Intagondwa z’Abahutu

Gutunga agatoki intagondwa z ‘Abahutu nk’abantu bagize uruhare mu kurasa indege byavuzwe nabyo ako kanya indege ikimara guhanurwa, noneho icyo gitekerezo kiza gukomezwa mu nyandiko n’abashakashatsi, abarumu muri za Kaminuza n’abanyamakuru bo mu itangazamakuru

301 A. Guichaoua (Ikiganirombwirwaruhame), Le Monde, ku wa 7 Gicurasi 2004 302 Mehdi Ba, « La France, la boîte noire et le génocide », Golias-Magazine n°101, Werurwe /Mata 2005, pp.32-40. François-Xavier Verschave, Complicité de génocide ? La politique de la France au Rwanda, La Découverte, 1994, pp.83-86 ; Jean- Paul Goûteux, La nuit rwandaise. L’implication française dans le dernier génocide du siècle, op. cit., Urup. 196-205. 303 Colonel BEMS Bagosora Théoneste, « L’assassinat du Président Habyarimana ou l’ultime opération du TUTSI pour sa reconquête du pouvoir par la force au Rwanda » ; Paul Rusesabagina, Inyandiko yandikiwe Bwana Hassan Bubacar Jallow, Umushinjacyaha w’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda, Buruseli, ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 2006. 304 Icyemezo cy’Umucamanza J.L. Bruguière, Urup.53 305 Charles Onana, Silence sur un attentat. Le scandale du génocide rwandais, Paris, Duboiris, 2005 ; F.Reyntjens, Trois jours qui ont fait basculer l’histoire, op. cit.

107

bakurikiranira hafi politiki y’u Rwanda306. I Buruseli, Serivisi z’Igihugu zishinzwe iperereza z’Ububiligi (SGR) mu nyandiko yayo yo kuwa 22 Mata 1994 yemeje ko: «Ibimenyetso byose ubu byerekana ko abarashe indege bagizwe n’agatsiko k’Abahutu b’intagondwa bari mu ngabo

z’u Rwanda307». Nk ‘uko bitangazwa n’inzego z’iperereza z’Ububiligi, abanditsi babiri

b’ibyamamare, Gérard Prunier na Colette Braeckmann, bashingiye ku makuru akomoka ahantu hanyuranye, nabo bashyigikiye igitekerezo gishinja intagondwa z’Abahutu kuba aribo bateguye kandi bagashyira mu bikorwa ihanurwa ry’indege. Colette Braeckmann yabaye uwa mbere mu gutangaza icyo kirego, yongeraho indi ngingo nshya, irebana n’uruhare rw’abasirikare b’Abafaransa bo mu mutwe w’ubutwererane mu bya gisirikare, bakunze kwita DAMI mu magambo ahinnye y’igifaransa308. Madamu Braeckmann yaba ayo makuru yarayakuye mu ibarwa yandikishije intoki yo ku itariki ya 29 Gicurasi 1994 yageze mu biro bye izanywe n’umuntu utaramenyekanye. Iyo barwa yaturukaga ku muntu bita Tadeyo, wavugaga ko ari umuyobozi w ‘umutwe witwara gisirikare w ‘i Kigali ngo wicuzaga ibintu yaba yariroshyemo, ku buryo, nk’uko abivuga, yashakaga kuvugisha ukuri, mu rwego rwo kwifatanya n’inshuti ze ebyiri z’Ababiligi atavuze amazina. Iyo nyandiko ya Tadeyo ivuga ko indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yarashwe n’abasirikare babiri b’Abafaransa bo mu mutwe wa DAMI bakorera ishyaka rya CDR, bagamije gutangiza jenoside. Yongeraho ko itsinda ry’abantu bane hamwe n’abasirikare babiri b’Abafaransa n’abayobozi bane ba CDR, nawe arimo, ari bo bonyine bari bazi uwo mugambi. Iyo nyandiko yongeraho ko Abafaransa bari bambaye imyenda ya gisirikare y’ububiligi kugira ngo bashobore kugera aho indege yarasiwe kandi ko izina ry’ibanga ry’umwe muri bo ryari Etienne, igira ati:

“ Indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yahanuwe n’abasirikare babiri bo mu mutwe w’ingabo

z’ubufaransa witwa DAMI wakoreraga CDR, bagamije gutangiza ubwicanyi ndengakamere.

Iyicwa rya Gatabazi naryo ryari uwo mugambi w’imitwe yitwara gisirikare na CDR. Bashakaga

no kugerageza ingufu zabo.

Abantu bake bonyine nibo bari bazi uwo mugambi:

♦ Abakozi bane (4) bo muri Perezidansi ya Repubulika ;

♦ n’abayobozi bane (4) ba CDR, nanjye mbarimo.

Aabsirikare b’Abafaransa bambaye imyenda ya gisirikare y’Ababiligi kugira ngo bashobore

kuva aho bari bari, no kugira ngo abajepe babamenyere kure, nicyo cyatumye kuva muri 1991,

barega ku mugaragaro Ababiligi, babifashijwemo na DAMI. Twambaye ingofero z’Ababiligi.

N’ubwo izo ngofero ntaho zihuriye n’ibibazo ariko ni ibicucu ku buryo batashoboraga

kkubitandukanya,

Sinshobora gutangaza amazina y’Abanyarwanda, ariko umwe mu Bafaransa, ntekereza ko

yitwaga Etienne kandi ko yari akiri muto.

306 F. Reyntjens, Rwanda, Trois jours qui ont fait basculer l’histoire, Paris, CEDAF/L’Harmattan, 1995 ; G. Prunier, Histoire d’un génocide, op. cit. et C. Braeckmann, Rwanda : Histoire d’un génocide, op. cit. 307 SGR, Inyandiko ivugwa mu gitabo cya G. Périès et D. Servenay, Une guerre noire…op. cit., p.266 308 Le Soir, yo ku wa 17 Kamena 1994; Rwanda: Histoire d’un génocide, op. cit., pp.188-197

108

Ukuboko kwanjye kw’iburyo kwarakutse kandi nta shiti ngiye gupfa mu minsi ya vuba kubera ko

ntashobora kwivuza. Ibi ndabikorera inshuti zanjye ebyiri z’Ababilligi, akaba ari yo mpamvu

mpisemo kuvuga ukuri.

Mugire amahoro y’Imana.

Nitwa Tadeyo

Umuyobozi w’Umutwe witwara gisirikare,

Kigali, kuwa 29 Gicurasi 1994 ».

Colette Braeckmann asobanura ko icyemezo cyo gutangaza ibikubiye muri iyi barwa cyafashwe nyuma y’iminsi myinshi agereranya amakuru anyuranye yabonekaga yaganishaga mu cyerekezo kimwe kandi yahuriraga ku ngingo yerekanaga ko iyo nyandiko itari impimbano: «Ibyari bikubiye muri iyo barwa byari bihuye n’ibindi bimenyetso nari naragejejweho i Kigali, igihe

nariyo, iminsi ya mbere yakurikiye ihanurwa ry’indege (…) ubu buhamya buragaragaza

amakuru anyuranye, harimo n’ibyari byatangarijwe Umushinjacyaha wa Gisirikare

w ‘Umubiligi,i Buruseli, ushinzwe gushakisha amakuru yose aboneka ku rupfu

rw’abaparakomando icumi b’Ababiligi bari muri MINUAR, no ku buyo bwaguye, gukora

iperereza ku rupfu rw’Umukuru w’Igihugu no kwanga no kwibasira Ababiligi byakurikiyeho309

». Nka Colette Braeckmann, Gérard Prunier nawe ashimangira igitekerezo gishinja intagondwa z’Abahutu kuba baragize uruhare mu ihanurwa ry’indege kubera ko izo ntangondwa zarwanyaga impinduka zari guterwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Amasezerano ya Arusha:

« Mu mpera za 1992, intagondwa zo mu ishyaka rya CDR zatangiye kugira amakenga ko

ingengabitekerezo yabo ishingiye ku butegetsi bw’Abahutu igiye kugambanirwa. Bamwe

mu bari bagize akazu batangira kwemera ko Perezida yiteguye kugambanira inyungu

zabo no kuzigurana inyungu ze bwite za politiki z’ejo hazaza. Urwo ruhurirane rwo

kumva inyungu zabo zihungabanye, bagiye kuzitakaza, no kugira ipfunwe ko

ingendabitekerezo yabo ishobora kubangamirwa, byongereye ubukana mu mitima no mu

bitekerezo byabo byo gutegura umugambi wa jenoside. Bagombaga gufatanya na

Perezida, igihe cyose azakomeza kurengera imigambi n’’inyungu byabo, bitaba ibyo

bakamukuraho amaboko, nk’umuyobozi wabo. Ku rundi rihande, natangira kugaragaza

ko, ageze aharindimuka, agahitamo kwemera gukurikiza Amasezerano ya Arusha, aho

kuyaburizamo kugera ku ndunduro, ibye bizaba birangiye. Nyamara Prunier asobanura ko, abagambanyi batashobora kwemera ku mugaragaro ibyo bakoze. Perezida

Habyarimana yari amaze igihe kirekire yariyitiranyije n’Ubutegetsi bw’Abahutu ku

buryo agatsiko kiyita ko kari gashyigikiye ingengabitekerezo ye, katari kugenda kigamba

ko ari ko kamwishe. Niyo mpamvu, bakoze ikinamico ry’amayobera, bashyiraho

Guverinoma y’Abatabazi. Ni nayo mpamvu kandi biyemeje kwirinda iperereza iryo ari

ryo ryose ku cyateye ihanuka ry’indege yahitanye Perezida (…)310

».

309 C. Braeckmann, Histoire d’un génocide, op. cit., Urup.189 310 G. Prunier, Histoire d’un génocide, op. cit., p.273

109

Gérard Prunier asobanura ko intagondwa z’Abahutu zaba zarishe Perezida Habyarimana, ziteganya jenoside, zizeye imikorere mibi ya Loni. Bari banizeye ko bazashyigikirwa n’abaturage bashingiye ku moko, hamwe n’abasirikare bo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda n’inzego z’ubutegetsi, banafite n’icyizere ko bazatsinda FPR ku rugamba, noneho bagashyiraho ubutegetsi bihariye, nta gusaranganya.

«Ese koko Abagambanyi baratekereza ko bazagera ku mugambi wabo? Yego ni ko

bigaragara, kubera ko babigerageje. Nyamara, uko bigaragara si ko biri. Bizeye ko

amahanga, cyane cyane Loni, azicecekera, ntagire icyo akora kandi ntibibeshya. Bizeye

gushyigikirwa n’abaturage babo mu mugambi wabo wa jenoside, Kandi babigezeho,

urestse bake cyane. Bizeye gushyigikirwa bidashidikanywaho n’ingabo kandi

zarabashyigikiye koko, uretse abasirikare bake cyane. Bizeye ingufu zabo mu gukomeza

imicungire y’ubutegetsi mu gihe cy’ubwicanyi; Biraruhije kurushaho ariko

bazagerageza, uko byagenda kose. Amaherezo, bizeye ubushibozi bwabo bwo guhangana

na FPR, ariko aha niho bibeshye, ni cyo cyonyine cyatumye batsindwa311

».

Uwo mwanditsi ashimangira ko intagondwa z ‘Abahutu zaba zarateguye umugambi wo guhanura indege Falcon 50 zari zizeye inkunga no gushyigikirwa n’ibihugu by’ibihangange by’i Burayi kandi nta bwoba bari bafite ko bashobora gukomanyirizwa no gufatirwa ibihano, ku ruhande rumwe kubera ko akenshi ibihano bidakurikizwa, ku rundi ruande kubera uburyo bunyuranye bari bafite bwo guhangana n’ingaruka mbi z’iryo ikomanyirizwa:

«N’ubwo bisa no kubogama, iyo FPR itaza kubaho cyangwa iyo iza gutsindwa ku

rugamba, ahari abateguye umugambi wa jenoside baba barawugezeho. Nyuma ya

jenoside, amahanga aba yaraguye mu kantu kandi agatangazwa n’ibyabaye,

hagakurikiraho gufatira ibihano Leta mu rwego rw’ubukungu (bituzuye) bisabwe na

Loni ; Nyuma hari kubaho ibikorwa byinshi binyuranye bwo kutubahiriza ibyo bihano

n’ikomanyirizwa, kandi Paris ikaba yashobora gukora bimwe muri ibyo bikorwa ;

Nyuma ibihugu bimwe bitagira icyo byitayeho nka Seribiya, Ubushinwa, cyangwa Irani

bigasubukura umubano, (Kubaka umusigiti umwe cyangwa ibiri rwose byaba bihagije) ;

n’uko nyuma hashingiwe ku « mubano usanzwe », Abaingabo z’u Rwanda ansa

n’Ababiligi, ndetse wenda n’Abadage, nyuma bagakurikiraho. Ibyo ari byo byose,

ubutegetsi bw’Abahutu, bwakora jenoside butayikora, ntacyo bubangamiyeho inyungu

z’ibihugu by’i Burayi. Abanyaburayi Hari ukibuka igice cya Miliyoni cy’Abashinwa

bishwe bitegetswe na Perezida Suharto wa Indoneziya mu mwaka wa 1965? (…) Ntabwo

ari ngombwa kuba igihangange nk’Ubushinwa kugira ngo amahanga yirengagize utwo

twa Tien An Men duto twabyo312

».

Ibirego Koloneli Bagosora aregwa n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda harimo ibimenyetso byinshi byuzuzanya byerekana ko Bagosora n’agatsiko ke bateguye umugambi wo kwica Perezida Habyarimana kubera ko Amasezerano ya Arusha yateganyaga gushyira mu bikorwa yamburaga ibikomerezwa by’ingoma, birimo na koloneli Bagosora, imyanya yabo ikomeye y’ubutegetsi, haba mu rwego rw’ubukungu cyangwa urwa politiki. Muri ibyo bimenyetso byatanzwe n’Umushinjacyaha w’Urukiko, twavuga mo ibi bikorwa:

311 Ibidem 312 Ibidem

110

«Mu gihe cy’imishyikirano ku masezerano ya Arusha, habayeho inama nyinshi zagiwemo

na Koloneli Théoneste Bagosora, Lt Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva na Majoro Aloys

Ntabakuze zateraniraga mu Kigo cya Gisirikare cy’i Kanombe, zikitabirwa n’abasirikare bakuru. Muri icyo gihe, Aloys Ntabakuze na Théoneste Bagosora bashishikarije

abasirikare kwanga Amasezerano ya Arusha no kugaragaza icyo bayatekerezaho.

Abasirikare bakuru benshi bo mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda, barimo Théoneste Bagosora,

Gratien Kabiligi, na Aloys Ntabakuze, batangaje ku mugaragaro ko FPR niyubura

imirwano cyangwa Amasezerano ya Arusha nashyirwa mu bikorwa, ingaruka

idasubirwaho izaba kurimbura Abatutsi.

Byongeye kandi, Koloneli Théoneste Bagosora yatangaje inshuro nyinshi, ko umuti

w’intambara ari ugushyira igihugu mu icuraburindi risa n’imperuka kugira ngo Abatutsi

bose barimburwe, maze hakurikireho amahoro arambye. Aya magambo akenshi

yayavugaga mu ruhame, ari kumwe n’abasirikare bakuru, barimo Anatole Nsengiyumva.

Uyu musirikkare mukuru na none yatangaje ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Amasezerano ya

Arusha rizabyutsa intambara.

«Hasigaye iminsi ngo jenoside itangizwe, ku wa 4 Mata 1994, Koloneli Théoneste

Bagosora yashimangiye ko umuti wonyine w’igihirahiro igihugu cyarimo wari

ukurimbura Abatutsi bose. Ahagana mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Werurwe 1994, Umugaba

Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, Jenerali Déogratias Nsabimana, na Koloneli Gratien

Kabiligi bavugiye imbere y’Abasirikare Bakuru b’Ingabo z’Ububiligi, ko gutsemba FPR

n’Abatutsi bishoboka mu kanya gato313

».

Abashyigikiye igitekerezo gishinja intagondwa z’Abahutu kuba baragize uruhare mu ihanurwa ry’indege, mu mugambi wo kwikubira ubutegetsi, batanga impamvu n’ibimenyetso bikomeye. Mbere na mbere, mu rwego rwa politiki, icyemezo cyafashwe na Perezida Habyarimana cyo kujya Dar-es-Salaam no gushyira mu bikorwa Amasezerano ya Arusha akimara kugaruka mu Gihugu byari gukurikirwa no kwigizwayo kwa benshi mu basirikare b’ingabo z’u Rwanda, barimo n’intagondwa zitavugirwamo, bari baatewe impungenge n’uko bamwe muri bo bashobora gushyirwa mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru. Umukuru w’Igihugu akimara kwemera gushyira mu bikorwa Amasezerano no kuyashyigikira, abarwanyaga iigabana ry’ubutegetsi basanze nta bundi buryo uretse umugambi wo kumwigizayo, bagamije kuburizamo Amsezerano ya Arusha. Reka twibutseko ko ku wa 2 Mata 1994, igihe Perezida yakiraga intumwa y’Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni mu rugo rwe ku Gisenyi, kugira ngo amumenyeshe ko yemeye gushyira mu bikorwa Amasezerano ya Arusha, kandi ko bombi bamaze kwemeranya itariki y’umuhango wo gushyiraho inzego z’inzibacyuho ku wa 10 Mata 1994, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa MRND, Joseph Nzirorera yarahiye avuga

313 Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahangwa rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, Urubanza n° ICTR-96-7-I, Umushinjacyaha mu rubanza rwa Théoneste Bagosora, Ikirego, ibika bya 5.11 à 5.13. Twibuke ko kubera iyo mpamvu, mu cyemezo cyarwo mu rubabnza rwaciwe kuwa 18 Ukuboza 2008, Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwahamije Bagosora icyaha cya jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, n’ibyaha by’intambara, rumukatira igihano gisumba ibindi : Gufungwa burundu.

111

ati: «Nyakubahwa Perezida, ntabwo tuzabyemera314» ! Ku rundi ruhande, kuba Bagosora yarikijije Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo byasobanurwa mu rwego rwo gushaka gufata ubutegtetsi, Mu by’ukuri, mu gihe Bagosora yari afite mu mutwe we umugambi wo gufata ubutegetsi, biragaragara ko igitekerezo cyo kwikiza icya rimwe Perezida wa Repubulika n’Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo n’undi muntu wese yumvaga amubangamiye, ari ibintu byumvikana. Ku rwego rwa tekiniki, abashinja Abahutu b’intagondwa bavuga ko, hashingiwe ku makuru yatangarijwe rubanda, ndetse no ku byatangajwe n’abasirikare b’ingabo z’u Rwand ubwabo, ayo makuru avuga ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifite misile zirasa mu kirere zivuye ku butaka ngo bambuye FPR mu mwaka wa 1991, byerekana ko niba ibivugwa ari byo, bari bafite ubushobozi bwo kurasa iriya indege. Abashyigikiye iki gitekerezo na none basobanura ko akarere kavugwa ko ndege yarasiwemo kagenzurwaga b’abasirikare b’ingabo z’u Rwanfa, ku buryo kwinjira rwihishwa, cyane cyane muri biriya bihe, n’uko ibintu byari byifashe, byasaga n’aho bidashoboka rwose. Komite yasuzumye kandi inasesengura ku buryo bucukumbuye ibi birari byose binyuranye, noneho iza kugera ku mwanzuro ko uruhare rw’abasirikare b’ingabo z’u Rwanda rugaragara kandi rrudashidikanywaho rwo gutegura igikorwa cyo kurasa indege yahitanye Perezida Habyarimana na Perezida Ntaryamira, abashoferi b’indege b’Abafaransa batwaraga indege ya Falcon 50 hamwe n’abandi Banyarwanda n’Abarundi bari muri iyo ndege baherekeje Abakuru b’Ibihugu.

Ibimenyetso simusiga byerekana uruhare rw’ingabo z’u Rwanda n’abayobozi bakomeye

bo mu kazu mu itegura no mu ishyira mubikorwa ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida

Ibimenyetso byinshi kandi byuzuzanya byerekana ko Abahutu b’intagondwa barwanyaga Amasezerano ya Arusha kandi bari barafashe icyemezo cyo kuyaburizamo, bateguye gufata ubutegetsi mbere yo ku wa 6 Mata 1994. Ubuhamya buturuka cyane cyane mu bahoze mu ngabo z’u Rwanda315, baba abasirikare bakuru cyangwa abawofisiye batoya, batangaje ko abasirikare bakuru b’intagondwa, nka Théoneste Bagosora, Aloys Ntabakuze, Protais Mpiranya, Léonard Nkundiye, Anatole Nsengiyumva, n’abandi…, bumvaga baragambaniwe n’icyemezo cya Perezida Habyarimana cyo gushyira mu bikorwa Amasezerano ya Arusha, noneho kubera ibyo, nabo bafata icyemezo cyo kumurwanya, ari nabyo byavuyemo kumuhitana. Kugira ngo babigereho, intambwe ya mbere yabaye ubushotoranyi bwakorewe abasirikare b’Ububiligi bari muri MINUAR kugera n’aho bishemo bamwe. Hakanateguwe n’ibindi bikorwa bigamije guhirika ubutegetsi, nyuma yo kwica Perezida wa Repubulika, bikozwe nagatsiko k’intagondwa.

Impamvu y’umugambi wo kwica Perezida wa Repubulika. Icyemezo cyo kuburizamo

burundu Amasezerano ya Arusha

314 V. Nshimiyimana, Prélude du génocide rwandais…op. cit., p.50-51. 315 Reba hepfo

112

Uko umwuka wari umeze n’uko ibintu byari byifashe mu Rwanda mu ijoro ryo ku wa 6 Mata 1994 no ku minsi yakurikiyeho ntaho bihuriye no kwigomeka kw’abasirikare ngo kwaba kwaratewe n’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida Habyarimana. Uwo mwuka wari mu gihugu ahubwo waterwaga n’umugambi wateguranywe ubwitonzi n’abasirikare bakuru b’intagondwa batemeragako ishyirwa mu bikorwa Amasezerano ya Arusha ribafitiye akamaro kandi bakoresheje uburyo bwose bushoboka n’imbaraga zabo zose kugira ngo bayaburizemo burundu. Abatangabuhamya b’Abanyarwanda babajijwe na Komite, kandi abenshi muri bo bari Batayo y’Abaparakomando n’iy’abasirikare bo mu Ishami ry’ingabo z’u Rwand zishinzwe kurasa no kurashisha indege (L.A.A)., bose bahuriza hamwe bemeza ko abayobozi babo bakuru mu ngabo, cyane cyane Majoro Ntabakuze, yakanguriraga abasirikare ko bagomba rwose kutemera Amasezerano ya Arusha, by’umwihariko, igice cy’Amasezerano kirebana no kuvanga ingabo z’impande zombi. Mu gihe cy’imishyikirano na nyuma y’isinywa ry’Amasezerano, Majoro Ntabakuze yateguraga ibiganiro ku myitwarire y’abasirikare, basaba abasirikare guhora biteguye kurwanya FPR aho kwemera ko Perezida Habyarimana n’abanyapolitike batavuga rumwe na Guverinoma316 «batanga igihugu» . Majoro Bernard Ndayisaba wari mu Kigo cya Gisirikare cya Kanombe mu Mutwe ushinzwe ibya tekiniki n’ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare, asobanura inkomoko y ‘ivuka n’ihemberwa ry’uwo mwuka w’ubutagondwa, ivangura n’ubwikanyize wari mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, waganishaga ku iyicwa ry’umukuru w’igihugu:

«Mu Kigo cya Gisirikare cya Kanombe, havutse ishyirahamwe ryatangijwe

n’abasirikare bakuru b’intagondwa ryitwaga AMASASU ryari rishingiye ku ntego yo

kurwanya byimazeyo Amasezerano ya Arusha, Benshi mu bayobozi ba za Batayo n’indi

mitwe n’amashami bya Gisirikare bo mu Kigo cya Kanombe bari muri iryo

shyiirahamwe, cyane cyane Koloneli Bagosora, Majoro Ntabakuze, Koloneli

Baransaritse, Majoro Ntibihora, Majoro Munyampotore n’abandi. Abo basirikare

bakuru ntibatinyaga kurega Perezida Habyarimana ku mugaragaro, bamwita

umugambanyi bamuhora gusa ko yari yarasinye Amasezerano ya Arusha. Bamuregaga

koIguhugu yakigurishije FPR. Ako gatsiko k’abasirikare kameneraga ibanga KANGURA

ku birebana n’ayo makuru kugira ngo icyo kinyamakuru gikwirakwize ibyo bitekerezo mu

baturage. Kanakwirakwizaga inyandiko zidasinye mu mihanda, cyane cyane mu bigo bya

gisirikare, kugira ngo bangishe abasirikare Habyarimana. Muri izo nyandiko

banashyiragamo amazina y’abasirikare bakuru babarega gukorana na FPR.

Agatsiko k’abasirikare b’intagondwa ndetse bigeze gutegura umugambi wo kwica uwari

Minisitiri w ‘Intebe Dismas Nsengiyaremye baregaga nawe kuba ashyira imbere ibyo

FPR yasabaga, cyane cyane nyuma y’isinywa ry’igice cy’amasezerano kirebana

n’ihuzwa ry’ingabo zombi. Majoro Ntabakuze yohereje abasirikare yari yahaye misiyo

yo kwica Minisitiri w’Intebe Nsengiyaremye, ariko umugambi wabo ntiwageze ku ntego

kubera ko Jenerali Nsabimana yabimenye noneho agatelefona Ntabakuze ako kanya

316 Cpl Sengendo Venuste, Ubuhamya bwatangiwe i Kigali ku wa 6 kamena 2008 ; Cpl Gasana Jean-Marie Vianney, Rubavu ku wa 29 Gashyantare 2008 ; Cpl Mudahunga Jean-Marie Vianney, Kigali ku wa 14Werurwe 2008 ; 1er Sgt Kwitonda Samüel, Kigali ku wa 3 mata 2008 ; Cpl Masengesho Innocent, Kigali ku wa 18 Werurwe 2008 ; Cpl Marihinde Juvénal, Huye ku wa 30 kamena 2008 ; Ss Lt Nkusi Gérard, Gicumbi ku wa 27 Kamena 2008 ; Cpl Gasasira Henri, Nyamagabe, ku wa 30 Kamena 2008 ; Cpl Higiro Claude, Kayonza, ku 13 Kanama 2008, n’ibindi.

113

akamutegeka kugarura abasirikare bari mu nzira. Icyo gihe nabaga mu Kigo cya

Gisirikare cya Kanombe kandi narabyiboneye n’amaso yanjye. Abo bantu

ntibashoboraga kuzuyaza kwica Habyarimana kugira ngo Amasezerano ya Arusha

aburiremo ubuziraherezo. Bagosora yajyaga yivugira ku mugaragaro kandi atarya

indimi ko Habyarimana atari agishoboye gutegeka, ko hakenewe undi muti.317

».

Bamwe mu batangabuhanya basobanuye ko Koloneli Bagosora, n’ubwo yari mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru cya gisirikare, nyuma yo kwanga imishyikirano ya Arusha no gutangaza ko agiye gutegura imperuka y’Abatutsi, yakundaga kujya mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe mu Mutwe ushinzwe imbunda nini zirasa indege yari yarigeze kuyobora, no mu Mutwe w’Abaparakomando, akahakorera inama zigamije gukangurira abasirikare, abasaba gukomeza umugambi wo kurwana no gusubiza FPR muri Uganda318. Abandi batangabuhamya, cyane cyane abasirikare b ‘Ububiligi bari muri MINUAR n’abari bashinzwe ubutwererane mu bya gisirikare, bakoraniraga hafi n’abasirikare bakuru bo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, nabo biboneye uburyo Abasirikare bakuru bo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda bari biyemeje kuburizamo no gusibanganya burundu Amasezerano ya Arusha. Icyo cyemezo cyakomeje kugenda kirushaho kugira ubukana mu cyumweru cyabanjirije ihanurwa rya Falcon 50, cyane cyane hategurwa imbunda mu bigo bya gisirikare. Ajida Daubie Benoît, wakoreraga mu kigo cya gisirikare ya Kanombe nk’umusikare ushinzwe ububiko mu ngabo z’u Rwanda mu rwego rw’ubutwererane mu bya Gisirikare hagati y’Ububiligi n’u Rwanda, avuga ko byagaragaraga ko Ingabo z’ u Rwanda zateguraga intambara, hasigaye icyumweru ngo indege ihanurwe kandi ko abo basirikare boherezaga imbunda n’amasasu Ibigo bya gisirikare bya Kigali, ndetse n’ibindi bigo bito:

« Mu gihe cy’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida, nari mu mazu y’amacumbi ya Gisirikare

y’Ababiligi i Nyarutarama. Namenye ko indege yarashwe mbibwiwe n’agatsiko kiyitaga

« Kenwodd » ku wa 6.04.94 saa tatu za nijoro zitarenga (…) Nkurikije uko mbyumva,

ihanurwa ry’iriya ndege byateguwe n’umutwe w’abajepe. (…) Ninjiraga mu bubiko

bw’imbunda n’amasasu bw’i Kanombe mbere y’uko indege ihanurwa kandi nta kintu

nabonye kidasanzwe uretse igice kinini cy’ububiko bw’imbunda cyari kirimo ubusa,

imbunda bazivanyemo. Umubare w’amasasu wari yavanywemo wari munini cyane.

Nk’urugero, i Gitarama hoherejwe ibisasu igihumbi bya bya moritiye y’ubunini bwa

120mm; Mu bubiko hasigayemo nka 20% by’amasasu yarimo.

Ibi byabaye hasigaye nk’ukwezi kumwe mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege kandi bamaze

icyumweru cyose batunda. Umuriyetona w’ingabo z’ u Rwanda yambwiye ko biteguraga

igitero cya FPR. …..Ku bwanjye ndatekereza ko iki gikorwa cyari kigamije kwirinda

igenzurwa ry’indorerezi za Loni. Nzi neza raporo ku ntwaro n’amasasu zatangwaga

n’ubuyobozi Bukuru bw’ingabo z’u Rwanda zabaga ari ibinyoma kuko zitagaragazaga

317 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Musanze, ku wa 24 Ukwakira 2008 318 Lieutenanat Makuza Salathiel, wahaye Komite ubuhamya i Rubavu, ku wa 21Ugushyingo 2008 ; 1er Sgt Kwitonda Samüel, Batayo ya LAA, watanze ubuhamya i Kigali, ku wa 3 Mata 2008 ; Cpl Kabonerano Isidore, imuparakomando, kuva 1984 kugera 1994 watanze ubuhamya i Kigali, ku wa 14 Gicurasi 2008 ; Ruvugiza Jean de Dieu, Batayo ishinzwe ubutasi bwa gisirikare, nyuma wagiye muri Batayo ya LAA kuva 1987 kugera 1994, watanze ubuhamya i Ngoma (Kibungo), ku wa 10 Kanama 2008.

114

intwaro n’amasasu byabaga byatanzwe mu bwinshi. Batangaga raporo z’imtwaro ziri mu

bubiko gusa ….., mu gihe amasasu n’intwaro byabaga byaraye bitundwa ijoro ryose319

».

Koloneli André Vincent wayoboraga ibikorwa by’ubutwererane mu bya gisirikare mu Rwanda yatangarije Umucamanza mu rubanza rwa Ntuyahaga ko yari afitanye ubucuti n’abasirikare bakuru bo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, cyane cyane Umukuru wa jandarumori, Jenerali Augustin Ndindiriyimana, kandi ko yari afite uruhare rwo kunekera Serivisi z’iperereza z’ububiligi. Muri urwo rwego, Koloneli Vincent yabonye « hasigaye icyumweru kimwe ngo indege iraswe, (…)

abasirikare bakuru batashakaga Amasezerano ya Arusha kandi ko bifuzaga kwirukana FPR ku

butaka bw’u Rwanda kandi ko bashoboraga gutsemba Abatutsi320 ».

Koloneli Marchal nawe yatangaje ko ku wa 4 Mata 1994, ko Bagosora yavuze ku mugaragaro ko umugambi wo kurimbura Abatutsi nk’umwe mu miti ku kibazo cya politiki cy’u Rwanda.: «Ku kibazo cyawe kirebana n’ibyo Bagosora yavuze ku mugambi wo gutsemba Abatutsi, nagusubiza

ko nyine igihe twarimo kwiyakira kuri Hoteli Meridien ku wa 4 mata 1994, mu muhango wo

kwizihiza umunsi mukuru w’igihugu wa Senegali, koloneli BAGOSORA yavuze ko umuti wonyine

ushoboka waba kurimbura no gutsembatsemba Abatutsi. Aya magambo yayavugiye imbere ya

Jenerali DALLAIRE, Bwana KHAN, Umujyanama mu bya tekiniki w’Intumwa Yihariye

y’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (SRSG), n’imbere ya (BOOH-BOOH)

nanjye ubwanjye321

».

Liyetona-Koloneli Beaudouin Jacques wari mu Rwanda mu rwego rw’ubutwererane mu bya gisrikare, nk’umujyanama wa Koloneli Gratien Kabiligi, wari ushinzwe ibikorwa bya gisirikare (G3) mu Buyobozi Bukuru bw’Ingabo, yatanze impamvu n’ibisobanuro byerekana ko yemeraga adashidikanya ko ingabo z’intagondwa zo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda zagize uruhare mu itegurwa ry’ihanurwa ry’indege. Abivuga muri aya magambo:

«Tugarutse ku ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida, jye mbobona, nk’igikorwa cyateguwe

n’abasirikare bari mu ishyaka rya ‘CDR’. (…). Perezida Habyarimana yari yasabwe

kutagenda. Perezida yiyemeje kugenda noneho asaba Perezida w’u Burundi

kumuherekeza. Jenerali Nsabimana byabaye ngombwa ko aherekeza Perezida we, mu

gihe we byari biteganijwe ko agenda mu ndege ya kabiri. Jenerali Nsabimana bavuga ko

«yahindaga umushyitsi » igihe yinjiraga mu ndege ya Perezida.

(…) Hasigawe Ukwezi kumwe cyangwa abiri ngo indege ihanurwe nitabiriye igitaramo

kwa jenerali Nsabimana ndi kumwe Na Ambasaderi w’Ububiligi, Koloneli Vincent,

Koloneli Marchal (UNAMIR), Koloneli Leroy, Perezida Habyarimana, Bizimana

(MINADEF) n’abandi basirikare bakuru bo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda. Icyo gihe,

byagaragaye cyangwa ahubwo byongeye gushimangirwa ko abanyarwanda bashobora

319 Ubuhamya bwa Ajuda Daubie Benoït, ku wa 10 Gicurasi 1994, ubushinjacyaha bwa Girsirikare, i Buruseli, mu tubanza N° 02 02545 N94 C8, PV N° 685 (Urubanza rwa Ntuyahaga) 320 Ubuhamya bwo ku wa 9 Ugushyingo 1995 bwatanzwe n’Ubugenzacyaha mu rubanza rwa gisirikare mu nyandiko-mougo n°1223 yo ku wa 9 Ugushyingo 1995 Umugereka A/1 321 Ubuhamya bwa Koloneli Luc Marchal ku wa 29 Ugushyingo 1995 bwakiriwe n’ubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare, , umugereka A/1 mu nyandiko-mvugo n°1311.

115

kwemera Amasezerano ya ’’ARUSHA’ Bizimana, amaze kunywa ibirahure bya

shampanye, yambwiye ko yiteguye gushoza urugamba, FPR niramuka itabikoze.

Hasigaye Iminsi icumi mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege, ku wa gatanu wa nyuma wa

Werurwe 1994, Koloneli Vincent yatumiye iwe Jenerali Nsabimana na Koloneli Kabirigi

wari ushinzwe ibikorwa bya Gisirikare ( G3), noneho mu nama bagiranye bashimangiye

ko’ARUSHA itashobokaga, ko amaherezo bazemera amatora ya huti huti kandi ko niba

batsimbaraye ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya ARUSHA, byari bibashobokeye gutsemba FPR

n’Abatutsi kandi ibi bikaba byakorwa mu minsi itarenga cumi n’itanu, kandi basaga

n’aho ibyo bavuga babyizeye322

».

Amakuru y’ingenzi muri ubu buhamya arahuza n’ibyavuzwe haruguru na Kaporali wari mu ngabo zirinda Pereida wa Repubulika witwa Senkeli Salathiel, wari mu ntumwa zagiye i Dar-es-Salaam ku wa 6 Mata 1994, watangaje ko Jenerali Nsabimana na Dr Akingeneye bagerageje gukwepa kwinjira no kugenda mu ndege yari itwaye Perezida wa Repubulika, kandi ko binjiye mu ndege nyuma y’aho Perezida abibategekeye, ku munota wa nyuma323. Kamana François, nawe wari umwe mu basirikare barinda Perezida wa Repubulika, wari i Dar-es-Salaam, nawe atangaza ko yibuka ko Dr Akingeneye yashakaga kuguma i Dar-es-Salaam, ko byabaye ngombwa ko Perezida wa Repubulika amutegeka kurira indege324.

Uburyo bwakoreshejwe kugira ngo igikorwa cy’ubwicanyi kigerweho.

Umuntu akurikije ko mu nama yabereye i Dar-es-Salaam ku itariki 6 Mata 1994, Perezida Habyarimana yari amaze kwiyemeza ko namara kugaruka mu Rwanda azashyiraho inzego z’inzibacyuho nk’uko byari byarateganyijwe mu Masezerano y’Arusha, kandi ko yari yanabwiye uwari ukuriye ibiro bya Perezida Enoch Ruhigira ngo ategure ibikenewe byose kugira ngo abagize Guverinoma n’abagize Inteko ishinga amategeko y’inzibacyuho325 bashobore kurahira, abo mu ruhande rwe b’intagondwa batemeraga icyo cyemezo bakoze ibishoboka byose ngo izo nzego zidashyirwaho.

Ibyakozwe kugira ngo abasirikare b’Ababirigi bave muri MINUAR

Abanyapolitike n’abasirikare b’intagondwa za Hutu power babonaga abasirikare b’Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR nk’inzitizi ku imigambi bari bafite yo kuburizamo Amasezerano ya Arusha. Kuva muri Mutarama 1994, izo ntagondwa zatangiye ibikorwa bigaragara byo kubangamira Ababirigi kugira ngo zibatere gusubira iwabo mbere y’igihe maze zishobore gushyira mu

322 Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Liyetona Koloneli Beaudouin Jacques ku wa 5 Gicurasi 1994 mu rubanza n°02 02545 94 C8. 323 Kapoarli Senkeli Salathiel, watanze ubuhamya, i Rubavu, ku wa 28 Gashyantare 2008 324Kaporali Kamana François, watanze ubuhamya i Rwamagana, ku wa 21 Nzeli 2008 1.Ubuhamya bwa Jean-Marie Vianney Mvurirwenande, Umujyanama ushinzwe itangazamakuru muri Perezidanse ya Repubulika 1992-94, wari mu nama y’abakuru b’ibihugu i Dar-es-Salaam itariki 6 Mata 1994, yatangiye i Karongi ku itariki 13 Nzeri 2008.

116

bikorwa umugambi mubisha wahishuriwe MINUAR ku itariki 10 Mutarama 1994 n’uwitwa Jean Pierre wari umuntu ukomeye mu nsoresore z’Interahamwe zitwaraga gisirikare.326

Ku itariki 19 Ukwakira, ubwo Koloneli Marchal yabazwaga n’urukiko rwa gisirikare rw’Ababirigi, yashyikirije abapererezi za ajenda ebyiri zirimo inyandiko yakoze ari mu Rwanda kuva ku itariki ya 4 Ukuboza 1993 n’iya 1 Mata 1994, no kuva ku itariki ya 2 Mata kugeza ku itariki ya 10 Kamena 1994. Iyo umuntu asomye ibyanditse muri izo ajenda abona neza ko uwo mukoloneli yari azi uko izo nsoresore zabonaga Ababirigi, anabonamo kandi ibimenyetso byerekana ko umwuka mubi wagendaga wiyongera. Abapererezi b’Ababirigi bakoze incamake y’ibyari muri izo ajenda mu buryo bukurikira ku byerekeye amagambo asebya Ababirigi:

« Kuva ku itariki ya 8 Mutarama 94, Koloneli Marchal yerekana akaga katurukaga ku

mwuka mubi wari wavutse hagati y’Ababirigi n’abaturage babyukaga basebya Ababirigi.

Ku itariki ya 10 Mutarama 94, avuga ko imyigaragambyo yari yarabaye ku wa gatandatu

washize yamaganaga abasirikare b’Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR. Ku itariki ya 31

Mutarama, nyuma y’uko abasirikare b’icyiciro cya I cy’abaparakomando bashyamirana

n’umuntu ukomeye mu ishyaka rya CDR ryangaga Ababirigi, asobanura uko RTLM

yavugaga nabi Ababirigi. (…). Ku itariki ya 7 Gashyantare 94, Koloneli Marchal atanga

ibimenyetso bisa n’aho byemeza ko hari abantu bakomeye bagerageza kunenga uruhare

rw’abasirikare b’Ababirigi, abo bantu kandi bagerageza kugwiza ingorane zatuma

abasirikare b’Ababirigi bataha. Ku itariki ya 9 Gashyantare 94, avuga ko ambasaderi

w’Ububirigi yabonaga ko badakwiye kuva ku izima, impande zose zifite inshingano zo

kubahiriza amasezerano ya Arusha, kandi ko kugerageza guhangana n’Ababirigi

binyuranyije n’ayo masezerano. Yerekana uruhare RTLM yagize mu gukwirakwiza

urwango. ».327

Ku itariki ya 7 Mutarama 1994, mu nama yarimo Jenerali Ndindiriyimana n’abandi bantu bakomeye bo muri MRND, ku cyicaro gikuru cy’iryo shyaka ku Kimihurura ni bwo hafashwe icyemezo cyo gukora ibikorwa byamagana Ababirigi ku mugaragaro. Muri iyo nama, hemejwe ko bagomba gukoresha uburyo bwose bagasembura Ababirigi, by’umwihariko babasagarira ku mugaragaro, ibyo bikorwa bigatangira bukeye bw’aho, umunsi amashyaka atavuga rumwe na Leta yagombaga kugira imyigaragambyo. Ni ko rero byagenze; ku itariki ya 8 Mutarama, abajandarume b’abanyarwanda babifashijwemo n’abajepe ndetse n’abaparakomando, bahishe intwaro hafi y’aho iyo myigaragambyo yagombaga kubera, kugira ngo baze kwica abasirikare b’Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR, maze bajya muri iyo myigaragambyo bari kumwe n’Interahamwe kandi bambaye gisiviri. Ariko uwo munsi nta musirikare w’umubirigi n’umwe wahageze, n’uko uwo mugambi uburiramo.328

Nyuma y’aho, hemejwe ko ikwirakwizwa ry’umwuka mubi wibasira Ababirigi rigomba gukoreshwa itangazamakuru ryayoborwaga n’intagondwa z’abahutu b’ibyegera by’ubutegetsi,

326 R. Dallaire, J’ai serré la main du diable…, urup. 311. 327 Inyandiko yavuye ku isuzumwa rya ajenda ya Koloneli Marchal yakozwe na Kapiteni wa Jandarumori Christian DEKONINCK bisabwe n’umucamanza mukuru wa gisirikare mu ibarwa n°0109/95 yo ku itariki 3 Ukwakira 1995, Buruseri itariki 6 Ugushyingo 1995. 328 Inyandiko y’ibirego ya Jenerali Augustin Ndindiriyimana, Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda.

117

cyane cyane Kangura na RTLM. Ni bwo abatangaga ibiganiro kuri radiyo RTLM nka Georges Ruggiu, Valérie Bemeriki, Noël Hitimana, Gaspard Gahigi batukaga Ababirigi bagashishikariza abaturage ko bakwiye gufata Ababirigi nk’abanzi, kimwe n’abatutsi. Inyandiko ya MINUAR yo ku itariki 7 Gashyantare 1994 yakozwe na liyetena Nees ivuga ko urwango rwibasiye Ababirigi rutagarukiraga ku basirikare b’Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR gusa ko ahubwo « rwari muri politike yo kwibasira Ababirigi » muri rusange.329 Ku itariki 27 Mutarama 1994, inzego z’iperereza rya MINUAR zatangaje ko nyuma y’inama yari yabereye ku cyicaro gikuru cya MRND ku Kimihurura muri icyo gitondo yari mo abagize komite nyobozi y’iryo shyaka na Robert Kajuga, umuyobozi mukuru w’Interahamwe mu rwego rw’igihugu, radiyo RTLM yanyujijeho ubutumwa mu Kinyarwanda bwoshya abaturage kugirira nabi Ababirigi. Ubwo butumwa bwagiraga buti:

« Abatutsi bongeye kwica abahutu babifashijwemo n’abasirikare b’Ababirigi. Hari ikindi

se Ababirigi bamaze mu murwa mukuru wacu uretse gufasha Inkotanyi gufata

ubutegetsi? Marchal na Landuald Ndasingwa baganira iki uretse kugambanira

abahutu ? Tuzi ko mu basirikare b’Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR harimo abicanyi,

abagiranabi n’abajura batoraguwe mu mihanda y’i Buruseri. Benshi muri bo nta myuga

bize, nta n’amashuri bafite. Nibahambire, ntacyo bakora mu Rwanda. Muri MINUAR

harimo abantu bateye impungenge, kandi no mu Babirigi n’uko. Turasaba abaturage

kwibuka inshingano za bo, naho ubundi Ababirigi bazaha u Rwanda abatutsi.”330

Koloneli Vincent, wari ushinzwe ubutwererane mu rwego rwa gisirikare mu Rwanda, avuga ko yasabye ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda guhagarika ayo magambo asebanya, ariko ko ntacyo byagezeho :

« Ni byo koko ku itariki 9 Gashyantare nagiye mu nama jye na Jenerali NSABIMANA

twahamagaje, yajemo na Ambasaderi w’u Bubirigi, Koloneli MARCHAL, Perezida

HABYARIMANA, BIZIMANA, Minisitiri w’Ingabo z’igihugu n’abasirikare bakuru

b’Abanyarwanda n’Ababirigi. Intego y’iyo nama yari uguhosha igikorwa cya RTLM

yavugaga nabi MINUAR ndetse n’Ababirigi muri rusange. Iyo nama ntacyo yagezeho.

Icyo Perezida w’u Rwanda yavugiye muri iyo nama n’uko ihame ry’uburenganzira bwo

kuvuga utishisha rigomba kubahirizwa ».331

Liyetena Koloneli Dr. Massimo Pasuch, wakoraga ku bitaro bya gisirikare by’i Kanombe mu rwego rw’ubutwererane bwa gisirikare, akaba yari anakuriye umushinga w’ubuzima mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, nawe avuga ko byabonekaga ko abategetsi b’abanyarwanda batotezaga Ababirigi:

« Ntabwo numvaga RTLM kenshi. Ntabwo numvise Ruggiu, ariko nari nzi ko hari

umuzungu wakwirakwizaga amagambo asebya Ababirigi. Twabibwiye ambasaderi, ajya

329 Raporo ya Sena y’Ububiligi, op. cit. Urup. 368 330 Inyandiko ya MINUAR, Comd Kibat Info S3, Kigali, tariki 27 Mutarama 1994. Ingingo y’ingenzi : Ubutasi 331 Ubuhamya bwa Koloneli André Vincent, itariki ya 9 Ugushyingo 1995, n’ubugenza-cyaha mu rukiko rwa gisirikare PV n°1223 kuwa 09/11/95 Umugereka A/1.

118

kwirebera Perezida. Perezida yamushubije ko ntacyo yabikoraho kubera ko nawe RTLM

yamusebyaga. Icyo nshobora kongeraho ni uko kuri Radiyo Rwanda (ya Leta) buri kintu

gikozwe cyangwa gitanzwe n’abafaransa cyakuririzwaga birenze urugero kandi

bigasubirwamo kenshi, naho ibintu byinshi cyane twatangaga n’ibikorwa bigaragara

byacu byavugwaga ambasaderi agombye kubisaba. Byerekana rero ko hari ubushake

bugaragara bwo gusebya Ababirigi n’u Bubirigi. »332

Perezida HABYARIMANA ubwe yasabye RTLM guhagarika guharabika Ababirigi, ariko abari bakuriye iyo radiyo, Ferdinand Nahimana na Phocas Habimana banga kumwumvira. Umujyanama we mu itumanaho, Jean-Marie Vianney Mvurirwenande avuga uburyo banze :

« Perezida HABYARIMANA ubwe yahangayikishijwe n’ukuntu RTLM yakoreshwaga mu

gusebya abasirikare b’Ababirigi bari muri MINUAR. Anyohereza kureba Ferdinand

Nahimana na Phocas Habimana bari bashinzwe iyo radiyo kugira ngo bahoshe ibyo

bikorwa. Yari ambwiye ko mbibutsa ko U Bubirigi bukorana n’u Rwanda kandi bukaba

bukaba buruha amafaranga menshi, bityo ko atari byiza kuburakaza. Nagiye kureba

Nahimana musangana na Gaspard Gahigi wari umuyobozi w’ishami ry’amakuru.

Nabwiye Nahimana ubutumwa bwa Perezida. Yaraturitse araseka aransubiza ati: genda

ubwire shobuja ko mwembi muri abanyabwoba ! Twamaranye iminota irenze mirongo

itatu uko twari batatu tujya impaka, baranyerurira ko ntacyo bazahindura mubyo

bacisha kuri radiyo n’ubwo Perezida wa Repubulika atabyishimiye. Nahimana, kimwe na

Bagosora, yari intagondwa ikomeye. Kandi Nahimana n’umwe mu bashinze ishyaka rya

CDR »333

.

Kaporari D’Heur Marc, umusirikare w’Umubirigi wari muri MINUAR, avuga imyigaragambyo yibasira Ababirigi, indege iraye iri buhanurwe:

« Ku itariki 5 Mata 1994, nka sa ine n’igice za mu gitondo ndi ku irondo mu mujyi hagati

(hafi y’isoko). Twabonye imyigaragambyo yamaganaga ingabo za LONI. Iyo

myigaragambyo yakorwaga n’abasiviri b’abanyarwanda bari batwaye amabendera

y’amashyaka ya bo n’ibitambaro byanditseho ibitutsi bituka LONI. Abo bantu

baduteraga amabuye banatwereka ko batwanze. Mu modoka Nari kumwe

n’umujandarume w’umunyarwanda, Kaporari TOMASI. Uwo mujandarume ni we

wasohotse mu modoka ajya kubahendahenda ngo bagerageze bagabanye urwango

badufitiye. Yagarutse mu modoka yemeza ko iyo myigaragambyo ari twe yakorewe, ariko

ntabwo yashoboye gucubya umujinya bari badufitiye ».334

Abatangabuhamya b’Abanyarwanda benshi, bahoze ari abajepe ndetse n’abaparakomando, bavuze ko bamwe muri bo batoranywaga rwihishwa n’ababakuriye, Mpiranya na Ntabakuze, bakabohereza mu myigaragambyo y’amashyaka ya politike bambaye gisivili boherejwe gutera

332 Ubuhamya bwa Pasuch Massimo muri dosiye n° 02 02545 N94 CS y’Umukuru w’Urukiko rwa gisirikare i Buruseri, itariki ya 9 Gicurasi 1994. 333 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Karongi, itariki 13 Nzeri 2008 . 334 Ubuhamya Kaporali Marc D’Heur yahaye urukiko rwa gisirikare rw’i Buruseri, itariki 19 Gicurasi 1994, Umugereka N°1 Inyandiko-mvugo 665/94 (Urubanza rwa Ntuyahaga).

119

imvururu bafatanyije n’Interahamwe maze bakendereza abasirikare b’Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR babatuka ku mugaragaro banabahohotera kugira ngo barwane na bo. Aya makuru yemejwe n’abajandarume b’abanyarwanda bari bashinzwe umutekano mu mujyi wa Kigali. Aya mageza yo kwendereza abasirikare b’Ababirigi yari ayo gutuma bava mu Rwanda kugira ngo MINUAR ibure abantu b’abahanga ku kazi, maze bitume ingabo z’u Rwanda zishobora guhangana na MINUAR. Serija Rwekaza Laurien wari umujepe kuva muri 1989 kugeza muri 1994 agira ati :

« Ni byo koko, abajepe bajyaga mu myigaragambyo kugira ngo bendereze abasirikare

b’Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR. By’umwihariko, ibyo byabaga igihe habaga hari

imyigaragambyo y’amashyaka ya MRND na CDR, komanda w’ikigo yatoranyaga

abajepe akabohereza bagasanga Interahamwe. Jyewe ntabwo bigeze banyohereza, ariko

aboherezwaga bambwiye ko komanda yababwiraga kugenzura niba hari abantu ba FPR

cyangwa ibyitso byabo byihishaga muri iyo myigaragambyo. Abasirikare boherezwaga

batyo bagendaga bambaye gisivili kandi bakambara imyambaro ishaje kugira ngo

biyoberanye. Bahaga komanda w’ikigo raporo. Umurimo nk’uyu, komanda yawuhaga

abantu be yizera. Ntabwo yoherezaga ubonetse wese. Muri rusange, yabatoranyaga mu

banyagisenyi cyangwa abanyaruhengeri. Boherezwaga no kwica abantu ».335

Kaporali Jean-Baptiste Kigereke, wari umujepe kuva muri 1985 kugeza muri 1994, atera mu buhamya bwa Rwekaza anasobanura bimwe mu byihariye byakorwaga n’abajepe, hari mo no kurwanya MINUAR :

« Abajepe bari bagizwe n’imitwe ine, umwe uri mo abantu bageze kuri 200.

Aboherezwaga hanze gukora ibintu bitazwi neza bavaga mu mutwe wa kane bari

barahimbye « Etat-major » ariko izina ryabo nyakuri ryari « umutwe urengera kandi

urinda Perezida » ukaba ari wo babonaga usumba iyindi. Abarindaga Perezida ni ho

bavaga ndetse n’abasirikare banekaga ibiba hanze y’ikigo ya bo. Abari badukuriye

ntabwo bakundaga MINUAR. Ndibuka rimwe Jenerali Dallaire asaba Mpiranya

uruhushya rwo kuganira n’abajepe, ariko Mpiranya akamwangira burundu ».

« Iyo abo basirikare basohokaga, bagendaga bambaye gisivili kandi bitwaje masotera.

Akazi kabo kari ako kwangiriza Ababirigi ariko ntibagire icyo bakora ku Bafaransa. Nzi

neza ko akazi k’abo bantu kari ako kurushya Ababirigi, cyane cyane bihishe inyuma

y’imyigaragambyo y’imitwe y’amashyaka ya politike».

Mu ijoro ry’itariki 6 Mata, ibikorwa byihariye byiciwemo abantu byagizwe n’umutwe wa

« Etat-major » wategekwaga na Majoro Mudacumura yungirijwe ka Serija Etienne

Rurikujisho wavaga ku Gisenyi. Abasirikare bo muri uyu mutwe ni bo bazanye umusaza

w’umucamanza Kavaruganda mu kigo. Jyewe ubwanjye nabonye Kavaruganda ku

irembo ry’ikigo uwo mugoroba. Abasirikare bamushyikirije serija majoro Ndererimana

na serija Rurikujisho aba ari bo bategeka ko yicwa. Abo bazanaga mu nkambi y’abajepe

335 Ubuhamya bwa Serija Laurien Rwekaza, i Ngoma, tariki 9 Nyakanga 2008.

120

bashyikirizwaga Rurikujisho wabagaraguraga yarangiza agategeka ko bicirwa mu

ishyamba ry’ikigo imbere yo mu Rugando ».336

Serija Emmanuel Iyamuremye, wari umuparakomando kuva muri 1989 kugeza muri 1994 avuga ko akazi ko gusembura Ababirigi kari karahawe abasirikare bo mu mutwe witwaga CRAP yo muri batayo parakomando yigishwaga na komanda Grégoire De Saint-Quentin w’umufaransa:

« Bamwe muri twe boherezwaga gukora irondo bambaye gisivili kandi bitwaje masotera.

Kari akazi kadasanzwe, ntabwo kahabwaga ubonetse wese, rimwe na rimwe bagenzi ba

bo ntibashoboraga kumenya uwoherejwe kuri ako kazi. Abo mu mutwe wa CRAP ni bo

boherezwaga cyane cyane. Babahaga amafaranga kugira ngo bashobore kugura inzoga

mu tubari mu mujyi, bambaye gisivili, cyangwa bakajya mu myigaragambyo

y’amashyaka ya politike. Abo basirikare bambaye gisivili bagombaga kugenzura

imikorere y’Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR no kumva ibyo bavuga kubera ko bafatwaga

nk’abantu ba FPR »337

.

Serija majoro Emmanuel Munyaneza, wari umuparakomando kuva muri 1974 kugeza muri 1994 yemeza ibyavuzwe mu buhamya tumaze kubona ko abajepe bajyaga muri za mitingi z’amashyaka ya politike bajyanywe no kwendereza Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR:

« Abajepe n’abaparakomando bajyaga gutera ubwoba Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR.

Bajyanwaga no kumva no gufata amajwi y’ibivugwa mu myigaragambyo, no kwendereza

abasirikare b’Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR kugira ngo nibagira icyo bakora barwane.

Abasirikare boherezwaga bahaga komanda w’ikigo raporo, na we akayohereza mu biro bya Perezida wa Repubulika no mu biro bikuru bya gisirikare. Bagosora na Ntabakuze

bari mu bateguraga ibyo bikorwa ».338

Uko gusembura Ababirigi kwagaragaye by’umwihariko nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege Falcon 50, igihe byavuzwe ku mugaragaro ko ari bo bayihanuye. Iyo nkuru nta kindi yari igamije uretse gushishikariza abasirikare n’abayoboke ba Hutu power gutoteza Ababirigi kugira ngo bave muri MINUAR. Alphonse Muganga, wari umujepe kuva muri 1988 kugeza muri 1994, yavuze ko mu kanya kakurikiye ihanurwa ry’indege haje ubutumwa buturutse mu basirikare barinze urugo rwa

336 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kayonza, itariki 15 Nyakanga 2008. 337 Ubuhamya bwatangiwe i Kigali, itariki 11 Kanama 2008. 338 Ubuhamya bwatangiwe i Ngoma (Kibungo), itariki 10 Nyakanga 2008. Reba n’ubuhamya bwa Sajenti Meja Etienne Kwizera wari ushinzwe radiyo ya Jepe kuva muri 1982 kugeza muri 1994, bwatangiwe I Musanze ku itariki 22 Nyakanga 2008 ; Kaporali Jean Baptiste Kigereke, wari umuparakomando kuva muri 1985 kugeza muri 1994, i Kayonza itariki 15 Nyakanga 2008; Anastase Ntwarane wari umujepe kuva muri 1988 kugeza muri 1994, i Ngoma itariki 3 Nyakanga 2008 ; Kaporali Alphonse Muganga, wari umujepe kuva muri 1988 kugeza muri 1994, I Gicumbi ku itariki 19 Nzeri 2008; Kaporali Evariste Mwongereza, wari umujepe kuva muri 1989 kugeza muri 1994, i Muhanga, itariki 12 Nzeri 2008 ; Gonzague Habimana, wari umuparakomando kuva muri 1987 kugeza muri 1994, i Muhanga itariki 7 Kanama 2008 ; Kaporali Claver Bizimana, wari umuparakomando kuva muri 1992 kugeza muri 1994, ku Gisagara, itariki 20 Kanama 2008 ; Kaporali Jean-Marie-Vianney Hagenimana, wo mu butasi bwa gisirikare G2 kuva muri 1990 kugeza muri 1994, i Gatsibo ku itariki ya 1 Kanama 2008.

121

Perezida bwoherezwa mu bandi bajepe buvuga ko Perezida amaze kwicwa n’Ababirigi kandi ko Majoro Mpiranya amaze kohereza abasirikare i Masaka aho indege yarasiwe.339 Serija Corneille Muhutu, wari umuforomo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda kuva muri 1980, akaba n’umujepe kuva muri 1991 kugeza muri 1994, yemeje ko mu mugoroba w’itariki 6 Mata 1994, yumvise bagenzi be bavuga ko abasirikare b’aba Bangladeshi bo muri MINUAR bafashe Ababirigi bavugwagaho ko bagize uruhare mu ihanura ry’indege ya Perezida.340 Jean Rukundo, wari umuparakomando kuva muri 1983 kugeza muri 1994 nawe avuga nk’ibyo ko mu gitondo cyo ku wa 7 Mata abapolisi ba gisirikare ba MINUAR bagizwe n’abasirikare b’aba-Bangladeshi bafashe bamwe muri bagenzi ba bo b’Ababirigi bagize uruhare mu ihanurwa ry’indege, babajyana muri Camp Kigali, aho biciwe nyuma.341 Ubu buhamya bwose hamwe bugaragaza ko ibyo Ababirigi baregwaga byari byahimbwe n’abasirikare b’u Rwanda nk’amayeri yo kugabanya ingufu za MINUAR kugira ngo bashobore guhirika Leta.

Imyiteguro y’igikorwa mu minsi yegereye ihanurwa ry’indege

Inonosora rya gahunda yo guhanura indege, n’ishakwa ry’ibya ngombwa bizayishyira mu bikorwa ryageze mu cyiciro cya nyuma mu minsi ya mbere ya Mata, nyuma y’inama yabereye ku Gisenyi aho Habyarimana yemeje ko gushyiraho inzego z’ubutegetsi z’inzibacyuho bidashobora kuvuguruzwa. Ku itariki ya 30 Werurwe 1994, Bagosora yari yagiye iwe ku Gisenyi mu kiruhuko cy’iminsi mike; ku itariki 2 Mata 1994, yagiye mu nama yabereye mu rugo rwa Perezida i Butotori ku nkengero z’ikiyaga cya Kivu. Iyo nama yahuje Perezida Habyarimana, Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh, wari uhagarariye LONI mu Rwanda, n’abakuru ba MRND bari mo Umunyamabanga wayo mukuru Joseph Nzirorera.342

Ku itariki ya 4 Mata 1994, wari umunsi w’ikiruhuko mu Rwanda, nta kintu gikomeye cyari gihari cyagombaga guhagarika ikiruhuko cye, Koloneli Bagosora yasubiye iwe i Kigali huti huti, atangira kuvugana n’abantu bo hejuru benshi343. Jean-Berchmans Birara yavuze, ashingiye ku byo yabwiwe n’abasirikare bo hejuru bo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, ko Bagosora yagarutse i Kigali kugira ngo anonosore imyiteguro yo kwica umukuru w’igihugu :

« Itariki ya 4 Mata 1994, kuwa mbere wa Pasika, Koloneli RUSATIRA, wari

umunyamabanga muri minisiteri y’ingabo imyaka 15, nyuma akaba Diregiteri w’ishuri

rikuru rya gisirikar asimbuye BUREGEYA, yaje iwanjye saa sita. Yambwiye ko Perezida

amaze guha Enock RUHIGIRA, ukuriye ibiro bye, amabwiriza yo gutegura ibikenewe

byose byo kurahiza abadepite na Guverinoma avuye ARUSHA. Iwabo w’umugore we

n’abasirikare bakuru babimenye bahamagaje BAGOSORA ari mu biruhuko ku Gisenyi :

yageze i Kigali ku itariki ya 5 Mata 1994 nimugoroba. Ni we wafashe icyemezo cyo

339 Ubuhamya bwatangiwe i Gicumbi, itariki ya 19 Nzeri 2008. 340 Ubuhamya bwatangiwe i Rubavu, itariki ya 16 Gicurasi 2008. 341Ubuhamya bwatangiwe i Kigali, itariki ya 22 Gicurasi 2008. 342Vénuste Nshimiyimana, « Prélude du génocide rwandais. Enquête sur les circonstances politiques et militaires du meurtre du Président Habyarimana », Bruxelles, Quorum, 1995, urup.37-38. 343 Human Rights Watch, Aucun Témoin,…urup.216

122

guhanura indege ya Perezida no kugarura SERUBUGA, BUREGEYA na RWAGAFIRITA

(abasirikare bakuru batatu batari bishimye). Mu munsi mukuru wabereye mu

banyaetiyopiya cyangwa mu banyamisiri, yatangaje ko atemera ko Perezida ajya Dar-es-

Salaam, kandi ko naramuka agiye yo, azagira ingorane ».344

Imyiteguro yo guhanura indege yaranzwe n’ibikorwa bibitegura bigaragara birimo by’umwihariko kubuza MINUAR ku ngufu kugera mu duce tumwe na tumwe, kuremuza isoko ryo ku Mulindi isaha zitaragera kugira ngo hatagira abantu bashobora kugira ibyo babona mu bice bya Kanombe-Mulindi-Nyarugunga, guhamagarira imitwe yihariye yo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda kuryamira amajanja…

Abasirikare ba MINUAR babuzwa kwinjira mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe mbere

y’ihanurwa ry’indege

Ubuhamya bwatanzwe bugaragaza ihinduka ridafite impamvu ry’uburenganzira MINUAR yari ifite bwo kugenzura ibigo bya gisirikare by’u Rwanda. Ubusanzwe, nta ngorane MINUAR yagiraga zo kwinjira mu bigo bya gisirikare ikagenzura nk’uko yari isanzwe ibikora, ariko kuva ku munsi wa 5 Mata 1994, ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare bw’ikigo cya Kanombe bwategetse ko abasirikare ba MINUAR batemererwa kwinjira. Serija Yves Tessier, umusirikare w’umubirigi muri MINUAR wari ushinzwe umutekano mu gace ka Kanombe, harimo ikibuga cy’indege, urugo rwa Perezida, ikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe, atanga ubuhamya ku rupfu rw’abasirikare cumi b’Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR, yavuze ko kuva ku itariki 5 Mata 1994, MINUAR yabujijwe, nta gisobanuro gitanzwe, kwinjira mu bice byegereye ikigo cy’abasirikare cy’i Kanombe:

« Mu Rwanda, ubusanzwe nari nkuriye igice cya 2 cya 1Pl (1.2). Nari mu mutwe wa

ALPHA, wari ukuriwe na Kapiteni VANDRIESCHE. Nari nkambitse kuri TOP GUN.

Akazi kacu kari ako kurinda TOP GUN, guherekeza Minisitiri GAZANA (twitaga Spray,

mu mvugo ya gisirikare), kugenda irondo no kurinda ikibuga cy’indege. »

Ku itariki 5 nimugoroba, twagombaga kugenda irondo mu gace kacu kuva saa mbiri

kugeza saa ine. Agace umutwe wacu wagombaga kurinda kari mu majyaruguru

y’uburasirazuba bw’ikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe. Kahanaga imbibi n’ikigo. Ni twe

twenyine twagombaga kugenda irondo aho ngaho. Ubu buryo bwatumaga twegera

abaturage bityo tugashobora kuneka byinshi.

Kugeza ku itariki 5, ibintu byagendaga neza kandi twumvikana n’abaturage. Kimwe mu

byo twari dushinzwe kwari ukumenya aho inzu ya Perezida HABYARIMANA iherereye.

Mu by’ukuri, umuhanda umwe gusa ni wo ujya kuri iyo nzu. Ni umuhanda wa kaburimbo,

344 Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Jean Birara ku itariki 26 Gicurasi 1994, urukiko rwa gisirikare rw’i Buruseri n’Incamake y’ubuhamya bwa Jean Birara yahawe iperereza mpuzamahanga ryasabwe n’umucamanza Damien Vandermeersch ryakorewe mu Rwanda kuva ku itariki ya 5 kugeza ku ya 24 Kamena 1995.

123

unyura mu nkengero z’ikibuga cy’indege cya KIGALI mu majyaruguru, ugaca imbere

y’irembo ry’ikigo cy’i KANOMBE, ukarangirira imbere yo kwa Perezida. Ubusanzwe

twari dusanzwe tunyura muri uwo muhanda nta kibazo. Kuva ku irembo ry’ikigo kugera

ku irembo ry’ iyo nzu ni nka metero magana atatu. Igihe cyose kwa Perezida habaga hari

abajepe baharinze.

Ku itariki 5 nimugoroba, nka saa mbiri n’igice, twafashe uko bisanzwe uwo muhanda

ujya ku nzu ya Perezida n’i KANOMBE. Tugeze aho uruzitiro rw’ikigo cya KANOMBE

rutangirira, tuhasanga bariyeri. Ubwo ni itariki ya 5 Mata, saa mbiri n’igice.

Twahagaritswe n’abasirikare b’u Rwanda bagera ku icumi bitwaje imbunda. Mu

muhanda hari hatambitse ibyuma by’imambo. Abo basirikare banze ko duhita, ubona

barubiye, ntitwashobora kugira icyo twumvikanaho. Badusabye gusubira inyuma kubera

ko turi ahantu hagenewe abasirikare gusa.

Nahisemo kuzenguruka nciye iy’amajyaruguru mu muhanda w’ibitaka, hanyuma tugenda

tugana ku irembo ry’ikigo cya KANOMBE. Muri uwo muhanda nta kibazo twagize. Icyo

twabonye n’uko mu mudugudu wa KANOMBE hari abasivili benshi.

Reka nsobanure ko umudugudu wa KANOMBE ari ahantu h’igisirikare hatuwe

n’abasirikare bo mu kigo cyo hafi aho. Tugeze ku irembo ry’agace ka gisirikare dusanga

iryo rembo rifunzwe n’abantu bitwaje intwaro. Hari hashinze umuzinga, utunze hanze

y’ikigo. Iruhande rwawo hashinze za mitarayeze.

Imyobo y’abarashi yarimo abantu. Nta n’akanya twabonye ko kuvugana

n’abanyarwanda, baduciriye amarenga batubwira ngo tuhave. Ibi nabibwiye kapitene

VANDRIESCHE muri raporo y’irondo. Ntabwo nzi icyo iyo raporo yatanze, ariko [Cmd

Cie] yoherezwa buri munsi muri Ops (S3 Kapitene CHOFFRAY) ».345

Umuserija w’Uumunyarwanda wo muri batayo ya parakomando witwa Emmanuel Iyamuremye yavuze ko yari mu mutwe warindaga irembo ry’ikigo cya gisirikare cy’i Kanombe ku manywa itariki ya 6 Mata 1994. Uwo munsi, komanda w’iyo nkambi, Koloneli Félicien Muberuka, yabategetse kubuza MINUAR kwinjira mu kigo:

« Ku itariki ya 6 Mata, ku manywa, hari abasirikare b’Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR baje i

Kanombe bashaka kwinjira mu kigo. Bari basanzwe baza kugenzura intwaro dufite uko

zingana, kandi ni bo bari bafite imfunguzo z’ububiko bw’intwaro. Ariko uwo munsi

twababujije kwinjira kubera ko komanda w’ikigo y’abasirikare y’i Kanombe, koloneli

Muberuka, yari yaduhaye amabwiriza yo kutareka abasirikare b’Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR

ngo binjire mu kigo ».

« Baje nka saa sita z’amanywa, bahatiriza inshuro nk’icumi bashaka kwinjira, ariko kuko

itegeko ryari ryavuye ku badukuriye, ntabwo twashoboraga kurirengaho. Baje inshuro

nyinshi, ariko abasirikare b’abanyarwanda bari barinze irembo ry’ikigo barabahakanira

345Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na serija Yves TESSIER, ku itariki ya 1 Kamena 1994, Iyumva ry’abatangabuhamya n° 765/94 ryo mu rwego rw’inkiko rw’i Buruseri.

124

kubera ko Koloneli Muberuka yari yabibategetse. Ubusanzwe, abasirikare bo muri MINUAR

b’Ababirigi cyangwa abandi, binjiraga mu kigo cy’i Kanombe nta nkomyi, ariko uwo munsi

hari itegeko ribabuza kwinjira. Abafaransa bonyine ni bo bashoboraga kwinjira no gusohoka

uwo munsi, Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR ntibashoboye kwinjira. »346

Serija Pascal Ngirumpatse wari umuparakomando kuva muri 1988 kugeza muri 1994, nawe niko abivuga : « Itariki 5 Mata, abasirikare barindaga ikigo ya gisirikare bahawe itegeko ryo kubuza

MINUAR kwinjira mi nkambi. Ubusanzwe, abakuru bacu ntibavugaga beruye, ariko uwo munsi

babisobanuye neza batanga iryo tegeko ribuza MINUAR kwinjira igakora ubugenzuzi yari

isanzwe ikora. Hari intwaro zasohorwaga mu nkambi bakazijyana gukwirakwizwa mu

Nterahamwe hanze; birashoboka ko iyo yaba ariyo mpamvu iryo tegeko ryari ryatanzwe ».347

Serija Viateur Harindintwali wo muri batayo L.A.A. kuva muri 1986 kugeza muri 1994 na we ni ko yavuze : « Ndibuka ko kuva ku itariki 4 kugeza ku itariki 6, bagenzi banjye bambwiye ko abasirikare ba MINUAR bagerageje kwinjira mu nkambi ya Kanombe ariko abasirikare

barindaga irembo ry’ingenzi ry’ikigo barababuza. Ni abasirikare b’abaparakomando babikoze.

Sinzi impamvu yatumye bahabwa itegeko ryo kwirukana MINUAR, ariko nzi nezo ko ari

abaparakomando birukanye MINUAR ».348

Kaporali Roger Turinumukiza, w’umuparakomando kuva muri 1990 kugeza muri 1994, yemeje ko yumvise bagenzi be bavuga ko MINUAR yagerageje kwinjira mu nkambi y’i Kanombe hagati y’itariki 5 n’itariki 6 Mata, ariko abasirikare b’u Rwanda bakayangira ».349

Uko kubuza MINUAR kwinjira mu nkambi ya gisirikare y’i Kanombe itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 ku manywa kuratangaje ku buryo bwinshi. Icya mbere inshingano za MINUAR zari zemewe n’abarwanaga, FAR na FPR zari ukubungabunga umutekano wari ukenewe kugira ngo inzego z’inziba-cyuho zishobore gushyirwaho no gukora, bityo ikaba yari ifite uburenganzira bwo kugenzura ahantu hose nta nkomyi. Ikindi, kugira ngo ishobore kuzuza izo nshingano, MINUAR yakoraga imirimo yihariye buri munsi, kandi impande zombi zari zarabibwiwe. Iyo mirimo yarimo kugenzura intwaro n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare by’impande zombi zarwanaga. Kubera ibi, MINUAR yari ifite uburenganzira bwo kugenzura intwaro ishyizeho za bariyeri, ihagarika kandi igasaka, ikanakora amarondo aho byari byemewe n’impande zombi.350 Nk’uko bimaze kuvugwa, uko kubuza MINUAR kwinjira mu nkambi ya Kanombe kwabanjirijwe no guhishwa kw’ibitwaro bya rutura kugira ngo MINUAR itabibona ikabifata. Abantu benshi bahoze mu ngabo za kera bavuze ko igihe MINUAR ifata icyemezo cyo kugumana imfunguzo z’ububiko bw’intwaro zabo, abakuriye ingabo z’u Rwanda akenshi berekaga MINUAR intwaro ntoya, naho intwaro za rutura nyinshi bakazihisha mu mashyamba

346 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali ku itariki 11 Kanama 2008 . 347 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite muri Nyaruguru ku itariki 15 Ukwakira 2008. 348Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite mu Ruhango ku itariki 23 Ukwakira 2008. 349Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite mu Ngororero, itariki 26 Nzeri 2008. 350 KIBAT, Chronique 6 avril-19 avril 1994, p.1

125

y’ikigo cya gisirikare cy’i Gako na Gabiro, mu nkengero z’ikigo ya jandarumeri ya Kacyiru, i Gitarama, mu rugo rwa Perezida i Rambura351 n’ahandi. Intwaro z’abajepe zahunikwaga mu cyobo cyari cyarabyubakiwe mu nkambi352 ya bo. Umuntu rero yakwibaza icyatumye ingabo z’u Rwanda zibuza MINUAR gukora umurimo wa yo wo kugenzura, mu nkambi ya gisirikare y’i Kanombe hasigaye amasaha make ngo indege ihanurwe, ikindi umuntu ashobora gutekereza n’uko icyatumye bahisha intwaro za rutura ari uko hari igikorwa ingabo z’u Rwanda ziteguraga.

Gucunga no guhindura mu buryo butunguranye itumanaho rya gisirikare

Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abahoze ari abasirikare b’u Rwanda bwemeza ko hari ibyahindutse bidasanzwe mu gitondo cy’itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 ku mirongo yavugirwagaho n’itumanaho ry’ingabo z’u Rwanda, hasigara havugirwaho abantu bake b’indobanure. Gaëtan Kayitare, wahoze ari umuparakomando wari warakomerekeye mu mpanuka y’imodoka yari yaroherejwe mu ishami ry’ubuvuzi mu nkambi y’i Kanombe kandi anahatuye. Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 mu gitondo Kayitare yabonye ibiterane bidasanzwe by’abasirikare benshi kuri kaburimbo yari imbere y’inyubako z’ishami ry’ubuvuzi. Yagize amatsiko ajya kubaza Claver Kamana, incuti ye yari ishinzwe ibyuma by’itumanaho. Kamana yabwiye Kayitare ko ibintu byahindutse, ko n’imirongo y’itumanaho yakoreshwaga n’abakozi babishinzwe b’ingabo z’u Rwanda yahinduwe:

« Ndibuka ko ku itariki ya 6 Mata mu gitondo, ubanza hari ku wa gatatu, Perezida yari

yagiye Dar-es-Salaam. Hari nka saa mbiri, impuruza yaravuze maze mu kanya

kakurikiyeho mbona abasirikare benshi bambaye simoko bateraniye kuri kaburimbo

imbere y’inyubako z’ishami ry’ubuvuzi. Ntabwo byari ibintu bisanzwe kubona

abasirikare benshi baza guteranira ahantu hagenewe abarwayi n’inkomere

z’intambara ».

Nagize amatsiko njya kubaza Claver Kamana, wari ushinzwe radiyo. Twari dusanzwe

tubaza abashinzwe radiyo kubera ko ari bo babonaga amakuru ava mu bakuru b’ingabo

bakayakwirakwiza mu nkambi za gisirikare cyangwa mu mitwe bigenewe. Abashinzwe

radiyo bari bazi amakuru menshi kandi akazi kabo mu gisirikare kahabwaga abasirikare

bizerwa cyane n’ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare. Kamana yari inshuti yanjye.

Mubajije ambwira ko ibintu byahindutse ariko ntiyansobanurira uburyo byahindutsemo.

Yampaye urugero rw’impinduka ambwira ko mu itumanaho ry’ingabo z’u Rwanda,

imirongo ivugirwaho yahinduwe mu gitondo cy’itariki 6 Mata. Yansobanuriye ko

351 Ubuhamya bwa Serija Samuel Kwitonda bwatangiwe i Kigali itariki 3 Mata 2008; ubwa Kaporali Henri Gasasira bwatangiwe muri Nyamagabe itariki 30 Kamena 2008; ubwa kaporali Jean-Marie Vianney Bazambanza, wari umuparakomando kuva muri 1988 kugeza muri 1994, bwatangiwe muri Nyamagabe itariki 23 Kanama 2008 ; ubwa Kaporali Balthazar Nsengiyumva, bwatangiwe Ngoma itariki 10 Nyakanga 2008. 352Ubuhamya bwa Kaporali François Kamana, wari umwe mu barinzi b’ibyegera ba Perezida Habyarimana kuva mu wa 1976 kugeza mu wa 1994, bwatangiwe i Rwamagana itariki 21 Nzeri 2008.

126

ubusanzwe, abashinzwe radiyo mu bice byinshi bya gisirikare bashoboraga kuvugana

bakanatumanaho mu buryo butaziguye.

« Ku itariki ya 6 Mata, Kamana yambwiye ko abashinzwe radiyo bahawe amabwiriza

mashya, kandi ko imirongo y’itumanaho bakoreshaga kuri radiyo zituma n’izakira

yahinditse. Ko kuva uwo munsi abashinzwe radiyo badashobora gutumanaho mu buryo

butaziguye. Bagomba gucisha ubutumwa mu butegetsi bukuru bwa gisirikare. Kuva ku

itariki ya 6 Mata, abashinzwe radiyo ntabwo bari bazi imirongo bagenzi babo

bavugiragaho, nk’uko byari bimeze mbere ».353

Serija Pierre Ngabonziza wari ushinzwe radiyo muri kompanyi y’itumanaho mu nkambi ya gisirikare i Kanombe kuva muri 1987 kugera muri 1994 yemeje ubuhamya bwa kaporari Gaëtan Kayitare yongeraho ko ihindura ry’imirongo ivugirwaho ku bikoresho by’itumanaho mu bice binyuranye by’ingabo z’u Rwanda ryazanywe n’abigisha b’abafaransa kuva ku gihe cya Noroît muri 1990, bamaze gusanga ko FPR yashoboraga kumva ibyo batumanagaho. Ni bwo abafaransa bigishije ingabo z’u Rwanda uburyo bwo guhindura kenshi imirongo y’itumanaho, cyane cyane igihe amabwiriza mashya yagombaga kohererezwa hirya no hino mu ngabo, bigatuma kuyumva bigorana.354 Liyetena Selathiel Makuza, wari umusirikare muri batayo LAA muri 1994 yavuze ko imirongo radiyo yavugiragaho yahindutse atabizi, hasigaye nk’iminsi ibiri ngo indege ihanurwe, hanyuma umurongo yavugiragaho mbere ugaruka ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994 ku manywa.355 Twongereho kandi ko Koloneli Bagosora yari afite uburyo bwihariye bw’itumanaho yashoboraga gukoresha akavugana na komanda w’abajepe, w’abaparakomando n’uw’intasi kandi ntihagire indi radiyo ishobora kumwumva, ni bwo buryo yakoresheje by’umwihariko mu nama yakoresheje mu ijoro ry’uwa 6 Mata 1994. Jenerali Marcel Gatsinzi avuga ko : « Nyuma twaje kumenya ko BAGOSORA yari afite radiyo ye bwite, iruhande rwa radiyo y’abasirikare

isanzwe. Yashoboraga kuvugana n’abajepe, n’abaparakomando ndetse na batayo y’intasi mu

buryo mbonera. Agomba kuba yarakoresheje ubwo buryo aha iyo mitwe amategeko abakuru

b’ingabo batabizi ».356

Ikindi kandi twavuga n’uko abajepe bari bafite radiyo yihariye yitwaga « station

directrice [sitasiyo iyobora]» yatumaga batumanaho na Falcon 50 batagombye kunyura ku munara uyobora indege. Iyo radiyo yatumaga abakuriye abajepe bavugana n’indege y’umukuru w’igihugu, bigatuma abo bajepe bamenya aho Falcon 50 igeze igihe cyose, n’igihe iribugerere hasi, mbere y’uko ivugana n’umunara w’itumanaho.

353 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali ku itariki 25 Kamena 2008. 354 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Musanze ku itariki 19 Kamena 2008. 355 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu ku itariki 21 Ugushyingo 2008. 356 Ubuhamya bwa Jenerali Marcel Gatsinzi mu rwego rw’iperereza mpuzamahanga ryasabwe n’umucamanza Damien Vandermeersh, ryakorewe i Kigali, itariki 16 Kamena 1995.

127

Elias Ngarambe, wari umujepe kuva mu wa 1981 kugeza mu wa 1994, yemeza ko iryo tumanaho mbonera ryabagaho: « Hari inzu bitaga « Maison de sécurité » [Inzu y’umutekano] yari mu rugo

rwa Perezida mu Kiyovu. Iyo nzu yarimo ibikoresho byatumaga umuntu avugana n’indege mu

buryo mbonera. Abasirikare b’inzobere mu itumanaho babaga bahari igihe cyose. Bari bafite

imirongo bavuganiragaho n’indege, ariko nta murongo w’itumanaho bari bafitanye n’umunara

w’itumanaho »357

. François Kamana, warindaga Perezida wa Repubulika kuva aho umutwe w’abajepe washyiriweho muri 1976, kandi wari kumwe na Perezida Habyarimana i Dar-es-Salaam itariki 6 Mata 1994, asobanura uko itumanaho ryakorerwaga mu ndege hagati ya Perezida n’abakuru b’abajepe basigaye mu Rwanda:

« Ndi umwe mu bambere bagiye mu bajepe kandi bashoboye gukurikirana ibintu uko

byagiye bigenda kose. Kenshi noherezwaga mu mirimo ikomeye kandi inshuro nyinshi

nari nshinzwe umutekano wa Perezida n’umuryango we. Nagiye kenshi mu mahanga

mperekeje Perezida kandi twari kumwe i Dar-es-Salaam. Nari kumwe n’intumwa zagiye

ku itariki 3 Mata. Mbabwiye ko Perezida Habyarimana yabanzaga kuvugana n’abajepe

mbere yo kuvugana n’abo mu munara w’itumanaho. »

« Muri rusange, niwe ubwe wabikoraga, cyangwa umusirikare we w’icyegera Majoro

Bagaragaza. Babwiraga komanda w’abajepe Falcon 50 imaze kwinjira mu kirere cy’u

Rwanda bakamubwira aho igeze, bakanamubwira igihe yitegura kugwa ku kibuga cy’i

Kanombe. Ndanibuka ko indege ijya kuva Dar-es-Salaam, ikiri kuri kaburimbo, Majoro

Bagaragaza yabwiye abakuru b’abajepe bari basigaye i Kigali isaha indege iri buvire

Dar-es-Salaam. Nibwira ko yavuganye na Majoro Protais Mpiranya, komanda w’ikigo

cy’abajepe. Kubera ko nari mfite uburambe ku kazi, abantu bose baranyizeraga,

bigatuma ndusha bagenzi banjye b’abajepe kumenya amakuru mensh. »i358

.

Ikindi kandi, radiyo yo mu rugo rwa Perezida, n’ikigo cy’abajepe yo ku Kimihurura, byashoboraga kuvugisha izindi nkambi za gisirikare, ariko izo nkambi ntizishobore kuvugisha aho hombi:

« Majoro Mpiranya yari komanda w’abajepe. Yategekwaga na Minisitiri w’ingabo. Yari

afite radiyo itagengwa n’ubutegetsi bw’ingabo z’igihugu. Mu rugo rwa Perezida mu

Kiyovu hari ishami ry’abajepe ; ryari ribitsemo imbunda n’amasasu. Perezida ntabwo

yongeye kuhatura amaze kubaka urugo rwe i Kanombe. Intambara imaze gutangira,

abajepe ni ho bavanaga imbunda n’amasasu. Hari na radiyo abajepe bavuganiragaho

bakanavugana na batayo y’intasi. Abajepe bashoboraga guhamagara n’andi mashami

y’ingabo, ariko ayo mashami ntiyashoboraga guhamagara abajepe. Ikindi kandi, mu

rugo rwa Perezida rwo mu Kiyovu hari za modoka z’imitamenwa zifite za radiyo”359

».

357 Ubuhamya bwa Ngarambe Alias, bwatangiwe Ngoma (Kibungo), itariki 9 Gicurasi 2008 358 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rwamagana ku itariki 21 Nzeri 2008.

359 Ubuhamya bwa Jean Turatsinze, wahoze ari umusirikare mu ngabo z’u Rwanda bwatangiwe i Kigali itariki 9 Ukwakira 1995, mu rwego rw’iperereza mpuzamahanga ryasabwe n’umucamanza Damien Vandermeersch, Ubuhamya n° 0370 Dosiye n° 57/95.994,

128

Ikigo cy’abajepe igihe cyose cyashoboraga kuvugana na « Station directrice [sitasiyo iyobora]» yo mu Kiyovu kandi bashoboraga kuvugana igihe icyo ari cyo cyose nta yindi radiyo baciyeho. Abatangabuhamya kandi bavuze ko abantu bakoraga muri iryo tumanaho batoranywaga mu bantu Protais Mpiranya cyangwa uwo yasimbuye Léonard Nkundiye360 bizeraga cyane. Birashoboka rero ko ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 nimugoroba, komanda w’abajepe, Protais Mpiranya yakoresheje uburyo yari afite aha koloneli Bagosora amakuru yose ku rugendo rwa Falcon 50 nk’uko abatwaraga iyo ndege babimubwiraga. Majoro Protais Mpiranya yari umwe mu ntagondwa zikomeye zitashakaga Amasezerano ya Arusha, kimwe na mugenzi we Aloys Ntabakuze wo muri batayo parakomando. Ikindi, Majoro Mpiranya yafatanyije cyane na Bagosora mu guhirika Leta kwabaye ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, igihe yatangaga abasirikare bari mu bikorwa byabaye mbere na nyuma y’uko Falcon 50 ihanurwa.

Iremuzwa ku ngufu ry’isoko ryo ku Mulindi, hafi y’i Kanombe

Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, ku manywa, ikintu gitangaje cyabaye ku maduka yo ku Mulindi, iruhande rw’i Kanombe. Mu by’ukuri buri wa gatatu wa mbere w’ukwezi, ku Mulindi haberaga « Isoko rikuru » bitaga « Igiterane » hakazamo abantu baturutse mu turere tunyuranye tw’igihugu. Iryo « Soko rinini » ryagengwaga n’amategeko yihariye abantu bari bamenyereye, cyane cyane amasaha ryaremaga. Isoko risanzwe ryaremaga buri wa gatatu ryafungwaga n’abapolisi b’umujyi saa kumi n’imwe, ariko « Isoko rinini » ryabaga rimwe mu kwezi, byari akamenyero ko barireka rikiremura ubwa ryo. Ku itariki 6 Mata 1994, hagati ya saa munani na sa cyenda z’amanywa abajepe n’abo mu kigo cya Kanombe, bamwe bambaye gisiviri, biroshye mu « Isoko rinini» bararisesa n’ubukana bwinshi, bategeka abacuruzi n’abaririmo bose guhambira ibyabo bagataha iwabo mbere y’amasaha asanzwe y’iremura. Babwiye abacuruzi gufunga amaduka yabo n’abaturage kwirinda kugendagenda mu mihanda ya hafi aho nimugoroba. Niyo mpamvu yatumye, igihe indege ihanurwa, abaturage benshi b’i Masaka, Kanombe na Rusororo bari mu mazu yabo. Abandi barebaga umupira w’igikombe cy’isi kuri televiziyo wabereye muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika. Serija Emmanuel Munyaneza avuga ati :

« Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, nagiye mu isoko ryo ku Mulindi. Wari umunsi w’« Isoko

rinini ». Nahageze nka saa munani. Isoko ryari rikiri mo, ariko bari batangiye kwirukana

abantu, bababwira guhambira ibintu byabo. Ntabwo byari bisanzwe. Ubundi iryo soko

ryararemaga kugeza nimugoroba, nyuma ya saa kumi n’ebyiri, nta kibazo. Hari n’ubwo

ryagezaga saa moja z’ijoro. Ntabwo nzi neza abantu basheshe iryo soko. Nabonye

bambaye gisiviri. Bashobora kuba bari Interahamwe kuko muri bo nashoboye kumenya

uwitwa Niyonzima wari umucuruzi wo ku Mulindi, akaba n’umukuru w’Interahamwe.

360 Ubuhamya bwa André Nzarora, wari umujepe mu 1976 kugera mu 1994, ashinzwe itumanaho, bwatangiwe i Musanze ku itariki 13 Gicurasi 2008. Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Ngoma (Kibungo), itariki 8 Nyakanga 2008.

129

Biranashoboka ko bari abasirikare, kuko kenshi byari biruhije gutandukanya abasirikare

n’abasiviri, kubera ko abasirikare bari ku kazi biyoberanyaga bakambara gisiviri361

».

Aloys Uwimana wari ufite iduka ku isoko ryo ku Mulindi agira ati :

« Ku itariki ya 6 Mata, nacururizaga ku Mulindi. Hari umunsi w’Isoko rikuru,

ryaremaga rimwe na rimwe rikageza saa mbiri z’ijoro nta kibazo. Icyantangaje cyane,

kandi nkaba numva ko gifite isano n’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida, n’uko uwo munsi

ku itariki ya 6 Mata, bitarigeze biba, abasirikare bavuye mu kigo iwabo i Kanombe

bagasesa isoko, hari saa tanu cyangwa saa sita

Abantu bibajije icyabaye hanyuma haza igihuha cyavuzwe n’abantu benshi ko uburakari

bw’abasirikare bwatewe n’uko ngo uwo munsi Bagosora yaba yaraje ku mucuruzi

w’inzoga na fanta witwa Niyonzima maze agakubita uwitwa Vital, amaze kumenya ko

akomoka mu Nduga.

N’igihuha nari numvise, kimeze nk’aho cyasobanuraga impamvu abasirikare birukanaga

abantu hakiri kare, kandi bitari bisanzwe biba. Ntabwo nabonye Bagosora ubwanjye,

ariko abantu bavuze ko yari kwa Niyonzima, ku Mulindi. Ariko nabonye abasirikare

birukana abantu mu isoko, rimwe na rimwe bakoresha ingufu nyinshi. Navuye ku Mulindi

nka saa sita n’igice, ntaha i Kabuga.362

».

Silas Ntamahungiro yacuruzaga ibiribwa i Kabuga, yari yagiye mu isoko ryo ku Mulindi ku itariki 6 Mata 1994. Kimwe n’abatangabuhamya bamaze kuvuga, Ntamahungiro yabonye ukuntu « Isoko rinini » ryasheshwe n’abasirikare igihe cyaryo cyo kuremura kitaragera:

« Ku manywa, ku itariki 6 Mata, ku muhanda wo ku Mulindi, umuntu agana ahitwa kuri

19, hari abasirikare barimo abajepe. Barazengurukaga banagenzura ibinyabiziga kuri

bariyeri yo kuri 19. Umuntu yahuraga n’abasirikare, bamwe bambaye gisivili kugera i

Kabuga. Ku itariki 6 Mata, natwaye ku ipikipiki umukobwa w’incuti yanjye yitwaga

Kalimungabo Leodomir, musiga yo agura ibintu, ngomba kumusubizayo arangije kugura

ibyo yashakaga. Mbere y’uko arangiza, najyanye undi muntu i Kabuga, nyuma ngaruka

gutwara uwo mukobwa.

Ngeze ku Mulindi ninjiye mu isoko mushakisha mu bantu. Abasirikare baba baraje

batangira gukubita abantu kugira ngo isoko riremure. Ntabwo byari bisanzwe kuko

ubundi kari akazi kakorwaga n’abapolisi ba komini, kandi ku isoko risanzwe rya buri wa

gatatu. Ku Isoko rinini byari ibintu bidasanzwe, kuko ubundi barekaga abantu kugeza

igihe isoko riremura ubwaryo. Ryabaga ku wa gatatu wa nyuma w’ukwezi363

».

Ubusanzwe, buri munsi w’isoko, abantu barizagamo ntabwo bahitaga bataha. Banyuraga mu tubari, bakaganirira ku nzoga bagataha ninjoro, rimwe na rimwe batinze. Birashoboka ko, niba abasirikare b’ingabo z’u Rwanda bari bateguye guhanura indege ya Perezida Habyarimana,

361Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Ngoma (Kibungo), itariki 8 Nyakanga 2008. 362Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, itariki 14 Mata 2008. 363 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, itariki 20 Gashyantare 2008 .

130

batashakaga ko aho icyo gikorwa kiri bubere haba abantu benshi. Iyo ishobora kuba ari yo mpamvu yatumye birukana abantu mu isoko ryo ku Mulindi bitarigeze biba mbere, bakabahatira gutaha bidatinze.

Mu by’ukuri, dukurikije ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’Abanyarwanda bari mu turere twa Masaka na Kanombe indege ya Falcon 50 imaze guturika, bavuga ko mbere y’uko indege ihanurwa, hose hari abasirikare b‘u Rwanda, bikaba byemeza ko cyari igikorwa cyitondewe mw’itegura, kikaba cyarashoboraga kubangamirwa n’abaturage iyo babareka bagatembera uko bashaka nyuma y’isoko. Liyetena Jean de Dieu Tuyisenge, ni umwe mu basirikare bari i Masaka umugoroba indege ihanurwa; aravuga ko mu gihe gito indege imaze guhanurwa yanyuze kuri bariyeri ebyiri z’abaparakomando ku Mulindi no kuri 15, bikerekana ko izo bariyeri zashyizweho hasigaye igihe gito ngo indege ihanurwe kuko zitari zihari ku manywa. Bariyeri ivugwa n’abatangabuhamya benshi ko yari ihari ku manywa ni iyo kuri 19 yonyine. Liyetena Tuyisenge avuga ati:

« Ku itariki ya 6 Mata nimugoroba, nari i Masaka nagiye ku kazi k’iperereza nari

nahawe na Koloneli Sagatwa. Nari mu kabari numva ibiganiro by’abantu. Nyuma ya

saa mbiri z’ijoro ho gato, numvise isasu rya mbere, ndasohoka ako kanya maze mbona

igisasu cya kabiri kigana ku ndege yari igeze hejuru y’uruganda rwa SORWACI. Ako

kanya narasohotse mfata imodoka yanjye ngo ngaruke ku ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare

(ESM) aho nabaga. Ngeze ku Mulindi nsanga umuhanda ugana mu mujyi ufunzwe

n’abaparakomando batarekaga hagira ucaho. Ipeti ryanjye rya ofisiye ni ryo ryatumye

nca kuri iyo bariyeri. Ngeze ahantu hitwa kuri 15 aho umuhanda ujya i Ndera n’ujya i

Kanombe ihurira mpasanga indi bariyeri irinzwe n’abaparakomando. Nageze kuri ESM

ahagana saa tatu z’ijoro364

».

Abajepe bakwijwe mu myanya mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege batangira ibikorwa ako kanya indege imaze guhanurwa

Ku itariki 6 Mata 1994, nimugoroba, hasigaye nibura isaha ngo indege ihanurwe, abajepe bari bafashe ibirindiro ku Kimihurura aho abantu batuye, bitangaza abatanze ubuhamya babonye uko gufata ibirindiro kudasanzwe. Dogiteri Charles Zirimwabagabo, wahoze ari Perefe wa Gisenyi, iwabo w’intagondwa zo ku ngoma ya Habyarimana, yabwiye abapererezi b’Ababirigi: « Jyewe ubwanjye ku itariki ya 6 Mata, saa mbiri, niboneye abajepe bakwirakwira KIMIHURURA i

Kigali. Ntabwo byari bisanzwe. Umuntu yumvaga ko hari ikintu gitegurwa »365

. Jean-Berchmans Birara, wari utuye ku Kimihurura, na we yabonye abajepe bafata ibirindiro saa moja: « Itariki 6 Mata 1994, saa moja, mbere y’uko indege ya Perezida ihanurwa, abajepe bari bashyizeho za

bariyeri. Bwari ubwa mbere tubibona, byari bitangaje ».

364 Ubuhamya bwa Liyetena Jean de Dieu Tuyisenge, bwahawe Komisiyo y’igihugu yigenga yashinzwe gusuzuma uruhare Ubufaransa rwagize muri Jenoside yagiriwe Abatutsi muri 1994. 365Ubuhamya bwatanzwe mu rwego rw’iperereza mpuzamahanga ryasabwe n’umucamanza Damien Vandermeersch, ku Gisenyi itariki 11 Kamena 1995 (reba inyandiko-mvugo y’iryo perereza, urup.9).

131

Umusirikare w’Umubirigi wo muri MINUAR witwa Pascal-Charles Voituron, yabonye abasirikare b’u Rwanda bashyiraho bakanarinda za bariyeri hasigaye igihe gito ngo indege ihanurwe: « Mu kagoroba najyanye abantu batanu muri CND kugira ngo bakore igenzura.

Tugenda, nabonye ko hari agasuhero; bari batangiye gushyira za bariyeri mu mihanda.

Bagenzuraga utugari. Hanyuma nasubiye kuri TOP GUN. Nagombaga kujya kubazana saa cumi

n’imwe za mu gitondo366

».

Umunyamakuru w’Umubirigi witwa Thierry Charlier wari mu Rwanda muri Mata na Gicurasi 1994 yavuze ko abatangabuhamya b’abanyamahanga bamubwiye ko mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege, abasirikare bari bagiye mu myanya yatoranyijwe muri Kigali: « Mu gihe cy’imvururu

zo mu Rwanda, nagiye i Butare. (…) Navuga ko abatangabuhamya b’abasiviri b’abazungu

bambwiye ko mbere y’uko indege ya Perezida ihanurwa, hari za bariyeri n’abasirikare mu

masaganzira amwe mu mujyi. Mu bihe bisanzwe ayo masanganzira nta bariyeri cyangwa

abasirikare bahabaga367

».

Ajida shefu Elias Ndaruhutse wo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda wari mu nkambi ya gisirikare i Kanombe muri batayo y’abaparakomando, yavuze ko ku itariki 4 Mata 1994, we n’abandi basirikare bo muri batayo ye babohereje gufasha kurinda ikigo cy’abajepe, agasanga abasirikare b’abajepe ari bake cyane muikigo; n’ukuvuga ko bari boherejwe mu bikorwa bya gisirikare mu mujyi, cyane cyane i Kanombe368, bikerekana ko hari ibyategurwaga mu bajepe no muri batayo y’abaparakomando:

« Ku itariki 4 Mata 1994, twagize inama n’abadukuriye muri batayo parakomando i

Kanombe; iyo nama yari iyobowe na Majoro Ntabakuze. Batubwiye ko ibintu bitameze

neza, ko FPR ishobora gutera ikigo cy’abajepe bityo rero ko byari ngombwa kujya

kubatera ingabo mu bitugu. Kompanyi nari mo ni yo babwiye kujya gukora uwo murimo

ku itariki 5 Mata. Tugeze mu kigo cy’abajepe nasanze harimo abasirikare batageze kuri

mirongo itanu ; abandi bose bari babohereje hanze ahantu hanyuranye. Batuzengurukije

ikigo ngo tukirinde. Twahamaze uwa 6 Mata wose kugeza nimugoroba ariko ukabona

hari ibintu bitameze neza. Uwo munsi batubwiye kwitegura imirwano, bavuga ko ikigo

cy’abajepe cyari kigiye guterwa. Ikibazo buri wese yibazaga n’igituma abadukuriye

bibwiraga ko iyo minsi ibiri gusa iteye akaga, kandi bitarabaye mbere. Kuki iyi minsi

ibiri gusa ari yo yagombaga kwitabwaho by’umwihariko?369

».

Indege imaze guhanurwa, abajepe bari boherejwe mu mago ku Kimihurura bahise baherekeza ba Minisitiri bo muri MRND babajyana ahari umutekano mu kigo cy’abajepe hanyuma babajyana muri ambasade y’Ubufaransa. Abandi bajepe bagiye mu mago y’abatavuga rumwe na leta

366 Ubuhamya bwa Pascal-Charles Voituron itariki 30 Gicurasi 1994, kuri Jandarumori ishami ry’inkiko ry’i Buruseri, Inyandiko-mvugo N° 770/94 (Inyandiko yo mu rubanza rwa Ntuyahaga). 367 Ubuhamya bwa Thierry Charlier itariki 16 Gicurasi 1994, kuri dosiye n° 02 02545 94 C8, urukiko rwa gisirikare rw’i Buruseri. 368 Reba ubuhamya bwa Kapiteni Isidore Bwanakweri, i Rilima, itariki 8 Kanama 2008. 369 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, itariki 21 Ugushyingo 2008.

132

barabica. Urugero ni Boniface Ngurinzira370 wari minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga akaba n’umuyoboke wa MDR ; abajepe bamutwaye hashize iminota mike indege ihanuwe : « Abasirikare batandatu b’abajepe batwaye umugabo wanjye. Sinongeye kumubona. Namenye

ko yishwe mbyumviye kuri RTLM yishimiraga ko ibyitso bya FPR byatsembatsembwe ».

Ayo ni amagambo ya Florida Mukeshimana, umugore wa nyakwigendera, Boniface Ngurinzira. Abandi basirikare boherejwe ahandi kujya kwica, cyangwa kurinda ahantu hakomeye, cyangwa gutorokesha abantu bafite igituma bashakishwa. Inyandiko yo ku itariki 17 Ugushyingo 2003 yaturutse ku mutangabuhamya wiswe R.G.,wari icyegera cya Joseph Nzirorera, abwira urukiko rwa Arusha ICTR, ivuga ko, bari mu buhungiro muri Benin, Nzirorera yamubwiye ko indege imaze guhanurwa, abajepe n’abo mu ishami rishinzwe gutata batangiye ibikorwa byo guhungisha abantu bakomeye bo muri Hutu power. N’iryo shami ry’intasi, ryari riyobowe na Majoro François-Xavier Nzuwonemeye, uburana mu Rukiko rwa Arusha, hamwe n’uwari umwungirije Kapitene Innocent Sagahutu, ryoherejwe kujya guhungisha Justin Mugenzi, Minisitiri wo muri PL Hutu power, rimuvanye mu rugo rwe ku Kimihurura. Umutangabuhamya wahawe izina rya R.G. avuga ko abagombaga guhungisha abo bantu bari barangije kwitegura mbere y’uko indege ihanurwa:

« Ibyo byagombaga gukorwa n’amashami yombi, iry’intasi n’iry’abajepe; abajepe ni bo

bahungishije Nzirorera bamuvanye iwe ku Kimihurura. Umutangabuhamya yakomeje

avuga ko, bari muri Cameroun, MUGENZI na Majoro NZUWONEMEYE baratonganye.

Ni NZUWONEMEYE watumwe guhungisha MUGENZI amuvana iwe ku KICUKIRO

amujyana mu nkambi y’abajepe ; Majoro NZUWONEMEYE avuga ko ICYO GIHE iyo

abishaka aba yarishe MUGENZI. Avuga ko ingo z’abantu bakomeye, ari abo mu

butegetsi ari n’abatavuga rumwe na Leta, zari zizwi zose mbere ya Jenoside371

».

Bruno Angelet, wari diplomate muri Ambasade y’ u Bubirigi i Kigali muri Mata 1994, yavuze ko indege imaze guhanurwa, abasirikare b’u Rwanda bahise bafata ahantu h’ingenzi mu mujyi mukuru, kandi ngo uburyo babikoze byagaragazaga ko ari ibintu bari barateguye:

« Maze koherezwa gukora muri ambasade yacu i Kigali mu Gushyingo 1993, nageze i

Kigali ku itariki 17 Mutarama 1994. Kuva mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi nari ntuye mu nzu ya

Leta y’u Bubirigi, aho Avenue Paul VI na Avenue de la Jeunesse zihurira. Kugera kuri

ambasade y’u Bubirigi uvuye kuri iyo nzu byatwaraga iminota nk’itanu ku maguru. Kuri

Avenue Paul VI, nari nturanye n’Umunyamabanga wa Mbere muri ambasade yacu Pr

Philippe COLYN n’umugore we n’umukobwa wabo. Inzu zacu zari zibangikanye, ku

buryo umuntu yashoboraga kuva mu rugo rumwe akajya mu rundi anyuze mu cyanzu

cyari giciye mu ruzitiro rutandukanya ingo zombi ».

Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Rwanda, Madamu Agathe UWIRINGIYIMANA nawe yari atuye

kuri Avenue Paul VI, ku nzu ya kane uvuye iwanjye. Inyuma y’iwanjye, hari hatuye

370 Ubuhamya bwatanzwe muri Sena y’Ububirigi itariki 19 Gashyantare 1997 (Raporo Sena y’Ububirigi, urup.620). 371 Ubuhamya bwanditse kandi bushyizeho umukono bwa R.G. bwo ku itariki 17 Ugushyingo 2003.

133

muganga wa Perezida, Dogiteri Emmanuel AKINGENEYE, nawe waguye muri iyo ndege

ku itariki 6 Mata. Inyuma yo kwa Bwana COLYN hari hatuye Bwana SINDIKUBWABO,

wahoze ari Perezida w’Inama ishinga amategeko nyuma agirwa Perezida wa Repuburika

na Guverinoma y’Inzibacyuho nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege ku itariki 6 Mata. Hakurya,

iburyo bw’amasanganzira, kuri Avenue de la Jeunesse, hari inzu ya Perezida

HABYARIMANA. Hari ahantu harinzwe n’abasirikare b’abanyarwanda. Nta modoka

zari zemerewe kuhanyura ; hari na za bariyeri nyinshi. Ahari bariyeri nari mpazi neza,

kuko nari menyereye kuhanyura inshuro nyinshi mu cyumweru mpakorera jogging kuva

saa cumi n’ebyiri n’igice za mu gitondo.

Ku wa gatatu itariki 6 Mata 1994, ndangije akanama na ambasaderi na Madamu

Monique MUJAWAMARIYA (…) navuye kuri ambasade nka saa kumi n’ebyiri ntashye.

Ndeba televiziyo mu nzu yo mu rugo rwa Philippe COLYN wari wagiye mu biruhuko

n’umuryango we i Zanzibar, ansigira imfunguzo z’iyo nzu. Nyuma mvugana n’abakozi bo

kwa Philippe COLYN ngira ngo menye niba ibintu bimeze neza. Nyuma nyura mu cyanzu

mu rugo rwanjye numva ikintu gituritse cyane. Mbivuganaho n’umuzamu ambwira ko

atari za gerenade zituritse ahubwo ko bishoboka ko ari inzu ibikwamo amasasu ituritse.

Njya kumva amakuru mu gifaransa kuri RTLM, ubusanzwe atangira saa mbiri n’igice. Ni

bwo bwa mbere numvise ko indege ya Perezida yahanuwe. Abanyamakuru ba RTLM

babwira ababumva gukomeza bakumva, kubera ko bari bategereje ko byemezwa ko

Perezida yaguye muri iyo mpanuka. (…)

Nka saa tatu na makumyabiri, umuzamu witwa Edgard yarakomanze ambwira ko hari

abasirikare benshi baje bafata imyanya ku mahuriro y’imihanda imbere y’iwanjye.

Mbona kandi numva imodoka nini kandi nyinshi zikata imbere y’inzu yacu. Narasohotse

negera urugi rw’irembo kugira ngo ndebe ibiba. Abasirikare bantegetse gusubira mu nzu

bidatinze no kutongera kuyisohokamo.

Ndibuka mbona imodoka n’abasirikare ariko sinashoboye kugenekereza imibare. Nyuma

numvise ibintu bivuga nk’inyundo bihonda ku byuma. Ndibwira ko bashingaga ibibunda

kuri kaburimbo. Nagerageje kurebesha idarubindi ritubura amashusho, mbona bulinde

imbere y’amahuriro y’imihanda na mitarayeze yerekeye ku nzu ya Minisitiri w’Intebe

cyangwa ahateganye na ho. Ijoro ryose habaye urujya n’uruza. Buri gihe Ababirigi

bafite ubwoba barantelefonaga.

Mpereye ku buryo nabayeho hagati y’itariki esheshatu n’itariki cumi Mata n’ibyo

nabonye aho Avenue Paul VI na Avenue de la Jeunesse zihurira hari imyanzuro myinshi

nafata:

1. Kuva saa tatu n’igice za nimugoroba ku itariki ya 6 Mata, abasirikare b’u Rwanda

baraje bafata amasanganzira, bahashyira za bulinde, imodoka n’imbunda nini. Hari

hashize hafi isaha imwe gusa indege ihanuwe. Ibi byerekana ko ibintu byose byari

byarateguwe, cyane cyane iyo umuntu yongeyeho ibyabaye ahandi muri Kigali

muri ayo masaha.

134

2. Mpereye ku tugofero twirabura abo basirikare bari bambaye, numva bari abajepe

(…)372

».

Hari abandi banyamahanga batanze ubuhamya bashimangiye icyo gitekerezo cyo kwitegura cyagaragaye neza mu gihe gito cyakurikiye ihanurwa ry’indege, uroye uko ibintu byakurikiranye bitameze nk’ibikozwe huti huti. Liyetena Jean-Noël Lecomte, umusirikare mukuru w’Umubirigi wo muri MINUAR arabyemeza:

« Ihanurwa ry’indege ryatangajwe nka saa mbiri n’iminota cumi n’itanu. Nabibwiwe na

serija LEKEU, wabimenyeye muri batayo. Sa tatu n’iminota mirongo itatu n’ine twagiye

kuzana abasirikare bari bagiye kwidagadura muri KIGALI NIGHT. Nagarutse kuri Base

saa tatu n’iminota mirongo itanu n’itatu. Twahagaritswe kuri bariyeri muri metero 200

mu ruhande rw’iburengerazuba bwa RWANDEX. Iyo bariyeri twayinyuzeho nta ngorane.

Ntabwo nibuka neza isaha byatangajwe ko Perezida yari mu ndege yahanuwe. Kompanyi

yongereye ingufu z’uburinzi. Ku byerekeye ikibuga cy’indege n’izima ry’amashanyarazi,

ubanza narumvise ko byari bisanzwe ko ikibuga kiguma mu kizima. Batsaga amatara

igihe habaga haje indege gusa. Nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege, twatangajwe n’ukuntu

abasirikare n’abajandarume bihuse. Mumenye ko bari badafite itumanaho rikoresha

radiyo rihagije. Uroye uburyo bihuse cyane, usanga bishoboka ko bari babiteguye

mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege373

».

Undi musirikare w’umubirigi, ajida shefu Jean Lechat, wari i Kigali muri Mata 1994, mu rwego rw’ubutwererane bwa gisirikare, nawe ni ko avuga ibyakozwe n’abasirikare b’u Rwanda nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege, ko byari bimeze nk’ibyari byarateguwe mbere:

« Ku byerekeye ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida w’u Rwanda, mbere ntacyo numvise.

Ariko, ku itariki 6 Mata 94, nagiye ku kibuga cy’indege kubera ko nagombaga

kuhategera indege ya C 130 yagombaga kuhagera hagati ya saa mbiri n’igice na saa tatu

za nijoro. Nka saa mbiri n’iminota mirongo itatu nari mu muhanda wa Nyarutarama

ngana ku kibuga cy’indege (nka kilometero 7) maze numva Dogiteri Pasuch avugira kuri

radiyo yacu atangaza ko hari indege imaze guterwa ibintu bibiri byakirana, ngo

bishobora kuba za misile. Nahamagaye Dogiteri Pasuch mubwira ko ndi mu nzira ngiye

yo. Nari kumwe na Jean-Pierre Duquesnoy, umuhanga mu kohereza ibimenyetso

by’itumanaho wa ambasade y’u Bubirigi. »

Ngeze ku kibuga cy’indege nagiye aho binjirira. Mpageze mbona abajandarume

basuherewe. Sinashoboye gutaha ; hari hashize iminota nk’icumi mpamagaye

Dr.Pasuch. Nabonye abajepe basohokaga bambaye amasasu bajya gufata imyanya

imbere y’ikibuga cy’indege mu masangano y’imihanda. Ubusanzwe ku kibuga

cy’indege najyaga mpahurira n’abajandarume n’abasirikare barinda ikibuga

cy’indege gusa. Natangajwe rero no kubona abasirikare bikoreye amasasu basohoka

mu kibuga cy’indege hashize iminota icumi indege ihanuwe.

372 Urwandiko Bruno Angelet yandikiye Bw. Van Winsen, umucamanza mu rukiko rwa gisirikare, itariki 8 Nyakanga 1994. Impamvu: Iperereza ku iyicwa ry’abasirikare 10 b’ababirigi ryabereye i Kigali itariki 7 Mata 1994. 373 Ubuhamya Liyetena Jean-Noël Lecomte yatangiye imbere y’ishami ry’inkiko ry’i Buruseri, itariki 25 Gicurasi 1995. Umugereka wa I ku Nyandiko-mvugo N°743/94.

135

Ijoro ryose, abajandarume bigaragara ko barakaye batugumishije ku ruzitiro rw’ibyuma.

Ajida Contineau wo mu ishami rya 2 ry’abakomando, na muganga majoro Thiry nabo

baje gusanganira indege yacu ya C 130, na bo babahagarika aho. Muganga Thiry

n’umusirikare mukuru ushinzwe ingemu n’ibindi bikoresho bicajwe hasi babambura

imbunda zabo(GP). Abo bose bari bambaye iniforume za LONI bari mu modoka za

LONI374

».

Liyetena Koloneli René Chantraine, nawe waje mu rwego rw’ubutwererane bwa gisirikare ari umwarimu mu ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare ry’i Kigali nawe abivugaho yerekana ukuntu, nyuma yo guhanurwa kw’indege, abasirikare b’u Rwanda bihuse cyane kandi mu buryo buteguye neza:

« Itariki ya 6 Mata 94, ahagana saa tatu z’ijoro navaga mu mujyi ; ngeze hafi

y’umuhanda uzengurutse wa Kacyiru mpasanga za bariyeri ziriho abajandarume

b’abanyarwanda. Ntabwo bambwiye impamvu bashyizeho izo za bariyeri ariko

wabonaga batamerewe neza. Kuri uwo muhanda hari n’abajandarume batatu b’imico

mibi bantunze imbunda. Ni bwo umuntu wari utwaye imodoka wari undi inyuma

yambwiye ko Perazida bamwishe. Numvise vuba ngerageza kuhikura bidatinze.

Nsimbuye, numvise barasa, uwari undi inyuma bahamije umupira w’imodoka ye.

Nasubiye mu nkambi y’abasirikare b’Ababirigi ya CTM i Nyarutarama. Ukuntu abajepe bihuse n’ukuntu Leta nshya igizwe ahanini n’intagondwa yashyizweho byatumye

nibwira ko ihanurwa ry’indege ari bo ryaturutseho. Mu gisirikare harimo agace

k’intagondwa ka CDR. Ngo nibo bahaye Interahamwe intwaro kandi bakaba barateye

ubwicanyi mu bihe byashize375

».

Ajida shefu Christian Joseph Defraigne, nawe wo mu rwego rw’ubutwererane bwa gisirikare rw’Ababirigi, atanga ubuhamya bushyigikira ubwa bagenzi be:

« Indege ya Perezida w’u Rwanda iraswa nari mu mudugudu wa gisirikare w’Ababirigi i

Nyarutarama. Sinashoboye kuhava. Ntacyo nashobora kuvuga kuri iyo mpanuka no ku

iyicwa ry’abaparakomando bacu icumi. Icyantangaje n’ukuntu abasirikare b’u Rwanda

bihuse. Mu minota itageze kuri makumyabiri nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege, umujyi

wose bari bawugose kandi bawukwirakwiriye mo. Nabonye ko mbere [ntabwo ari twe tubishimangira] y’ihanurwa ry’indege abo basirikare bose bari bazi ikigiye kuba n’ikigomba gukorwa

376 ».

Ibi byose tumaze gusuzuma bigaragaza ko hari abantu bo hejuru mu ngabo z’u Rwanda n’intagondwa z’abanyapolitike za Hutu power biteguraga gukora ikintu kidasanzwe cyabaye kwica Perezida wa Repuburika na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, bashakaga kubonera ku rupfu

374 Ubuhamya bwa Jean Lechat, ku itariki 10 Gicurasi 1994, mu rukiko rwa gisirikare rw’i Buruseri, kuri dosiye N° 02 02545 N94 C8 (urubanza rwa Ntuyahaga). 375 Ubuhamya bwa Liyetena koloneli René Chantraine, ku itariki 9 Gicurasi 1994, mu rukiko rwa gisirikare rw’i Buruseri, kuri dosiye N° 02 02545 N94 C8 (urubanza rwa Ntuyahaga). 376 Ubuhamya bwa Christian Joseph Defrraigne, ku itariki 10 Gicurasi 1994, mu rukiko rwa gisirikare rw’i Buruseri, kuri dosiye N° 02 02545 N94 C8 (urubanza rwa Ntuyahaga).

136

rw’umukuru w’igihugu bagahirika Leta bakoresheje ingufu za gisirikare bityo bakaburizamo burundu Amasezerano ya Arusha.

Ibindi bikorwa byerekana ko abasirikare b’u Rwanda biteguraga guhanura indege

Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, ku manywa, hari ibikorwa by’urwungikane bya gisirikare byerekezaga hamwe, cyane cyane mu mitwe y’ingenzi mu ngabo z’u Rwanda: Abaparakomando, Ishami ry’Intasi n’Abajepe. Ibyo bikorwa byari binyuranye ariko byahuriraga ku kintu kimwe: ayo mashami kuguma aryamiye amajanja kugeza ku manywa y’ihangu aribwo batangiye kohereza zimwe muri izo ngabo mu bikorwa hafi y’aho indege yahanuriwe cyangwa ahandi hantu h’ingirakamaro ho mu mujyi wa Kigali. Icya mbere, abajepe bagendaga irondo ari benshi mu gace ka Kanombe itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 ku manywa, bitangaza abasirikare bamwe bo mu nkambi ya Kanombe batari bamenyereye urwo rujya n’uruza muri ako karere377 kabo. Umunyamakuru w’umubirigi witwa Jacques Collet wakurikiranye ibyabaye mu Rwanda kuva muri 1990, yavuze ko umubirigi witwa Cam Tran, wakoraga mu rwego rw’ubutwererane, yamubwiye ko mu gitondo cyo kuwa 6 Mata 1994, abasirikare b’u Rwanda bari bamubwiye ngo: « Uyu ni umunsi ukomeye, hari bube ikintu gikomeye

378 ».

Umutangabuhamya wo muri batayo y’abaparakomando, serija majoro Emmanuel Munyaneza, yavuze ko ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, bamwe mu basirikare bo muri uwo mutwe bari bababwiye kwitegura, kandi kugira ngo bishoboke, majoro Ntabakuze yahagaritse mu buryo butunguranye imyitozo yo kumanuka mu mitaka yagombaga gukorerwa mu kibaya cya Nyandungu. Majoro Ntabakuze yahise ajya mu nama yabereye mu butegetsi bukuru bw’ingabo :

« Ku itariki ya 6 Mata mu gitondo, twagombaga kujya mu kibaya cya Nyandungu gukora

imyitozo yo kumanuka mu mitaka. Haza ubutumwa butumira Majoro Ntabakuze kujya mu

nama yihutirwa. Ako kanya, Ntabakuze yafashe icyemezo cyo guhagarika imyitozo ya

batayo yacu yari yarateguriwe itariki 6 Mata ku manywa, maze ajya muri iyo nama ariko

asiga avuze ko tugomba kuguma twiteguye. Majoro Ntabakuze atubwira ayo magambo

yari ameze nk’ufite umutima ahandi. Uko guhagarika imyitozo kugomba kuba kwari

gufite impamvu, ariko ntabwo nyizi379

».

Ajuda Elias Ndaruhutse, umusirikare wo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda kuva mu mwaka wa 1985 kandi wari umuparakomando muri 1994, yemeje ihagarikwa ry’iyo myitozo yo kumanuka mu mitaka yagombaga gukorwa n’amatsinda abiri y’iyo batayo, anavuga ko icyemezo cyafashwe na majoro Ntabakuze mu buryo butunguranye mu gitondo cy’uwo munsi : « Ku itariki 6 Mata 1994,

377 Ubuhamya Serija majoro Wellars Mbonigaba Wellars, wari umuparakomando muri 1994, yatangiye Rusizi, itariki 31 Nyakanga 2008. 378 Ubuhamya bwa Jacques Collet itariki 16 Gicurasi 1994, Inyandiko-mvugo n°686, dosiye n°02 0254594 C8, urukiko rwa gisirikare rw’i Buruseri. 379 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Ngoma (Kibungo), itariki 8 Nyakanga 2008.

137

imyitozo yo kumanuka mu mitaka yahagaritswe na majoro Ntabakuze ; yatubwiye ko ibintu

bitameze neza anatubwira ko tuguma turyamiye amajanja380

».

Umwe mu bigisha bo muri batayo parakomando wagombaga kuyobora imyitozo uwo munsi, serija Pascal Ngirumpatse yavuze kimwe n’ubuhamya bumaze gutangwa n’abahoze ari bagenzi be avuga uko iryo hagarikwa ry’imyitozo ryemejwe:

« Nari umwe mu barimu bari batoranyijwe kuyobora imyitozo yo kumanuka mu mitaka

mu gitondo cyo ku itariki ya 6 Mata. Nari nagiye aho iyo myitozo yagombaga kubera

kugira ngo ndebe uko hameze no gutunganya ibikoresho. Ibintu byose byari byateguwe.

Mu gihe nari ntegereje abasirikare bagombaga gukora iyo myitozo, ajuda shefu Canisius

bakundaga kwita Ndabashinzwe ariko ntabwo nibuka izina rye bwite, yaje kumbwira ko

imyitozo imaze kuvanwaho. Nta kindi gisobanuro yampaye ku mpamvu ibiteye. Nazinze

ibikoresho nza kubibwira amashami yagombaga gukora iyo myitozo381

».

Mu bindi bigo bya gisirikare by’i Kigali naho, uko ibintu byari bimeze byerekanaga ko hari ikintu gitegurwa. Ajuda shefu Denis Munyaneza wari muri batayo y’intasi yayoborwaga na majoro François-Xavier Nzuwonemeye yungirijwe na kapitene Innocent Sagahutu bombi ubu baburanira mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, yavuze ko yakoraga mu ishami ry’ubuyobozi mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kigali, akaba yarabonye ko bamwe mu bakuru b’abasirikare bitwaye mu buryo budasanzwe umunsi wose w’itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, bameze nk’aho hari icyo biteguraga kidasanzwe:

« Itariki ya 6 Mata ku manywa, nabonaga abasirikare bankuriye, majoro Nzuwonemeye

na kapiteni Sagahutu bitwaraga mu buryo butameze nk’ubw’abandi. Bombi

bazengurukaga mu kigo mu ijipe bameze nk’aho bateguraga igikorwa cya gisirikare.

Abandi basirikare bakuru nka Nubaha na Neretse nabo niko bari bameze. Ibyo ntabwo

byari bisanzwe. Byarabonekaga ko hari ikintu cyari cyahindutse mu myitwarire y’abo

basirikare bakuru. Ukuntu bazengurukaga hose byerekanaga ko hari ikintu bateguraga,

ariko ntabwo nari nzi icyo ari cyo. Ariko, Sagahutu ntabwo yari atuje uwo munsi, nk’uko

yari asanzwe382

».

Liyetona Selathiel Makuza wari wagiye gufasha abandi i Shyorongi, avuga ko yabonye ibintu bidasanzwe kuva ku itariki ya 5 Mata 1994 kandi ko abakuru babo bari bababwiye ngo bitegure imirwano kandi intambara yari yarahosheje, ahubwo bategereje ishyirwaho ry’inzego z’inzibacyuho :

« Icyo nibuka n’uko ku itariki ya 5 n’iya 6 Mata 1994, byabonekaga ko bamwe mu

basirikare bakuru bari bashyushye imitwe. Twarabyiboneraga ubwacu kandi bamwe

muri twe bari bazi ko hari ikintu kizaba ku itariki ya 6 Mata, ariko badasobanukiwe neza

icyo ari cyo. Twakekaga ko Kigali yari igiye gufatwa. Bari batubwiye kuryamira

amajanja. Jye nabibwiwe n’uwari unkuriye, majoro Habimana bakundaga kwita Bemera,

abimbwirira aho twari twagiye gufasha abandi i Shyorongi. Nakongeraho ko najyaga mu

380 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, itariki 21 Ugushyingo 2008. 381 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite muri Nyaruguru, itariki 15 Ukwakira 2008. 382 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Gicumbi, itariki 22 Ukwakira 2008.

138

nama nyinshi, kuko narinshinzwe imbunda zirasa mu kirere zikoreshwa mu gushyigikira

imirwano383

».

Ikindi kidasanzwe cyerekanaga ko hari icyategurwaga cyabaye mu gitondo ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, ku kibuga cy’indege cy’i Kanombe, Perezida ajya mu nama y’abakuru b’ibihugu yabereye i Dar-es-Salaam. Abari bashinzwe gutwara Falcon 50 n’indi mirimo ikorerwamo bari biteguye kugenda, ariko ubuyobozi bw’ikibuga cy’indege ntibwatanga uruhushya ko indege igenda kugeza igihe umwe mu bashinzwe iyo ndege yavuze amagambo atangaje agaragaza ko yakekaga ko hari ikintu gikomeye cyashoboraga kuba. Mu by’ukuri, umwe mu bagenzuzi b’ikirere b’inzobere b’icyo gihe witwaga Heri Jumapili, wakoze ako kazi ku kibuga cy’indege cy’i Kamembe kuva mu wa 1982 kugeza mu wa 1989, nyuma agakora ku cy’i Kanombe kuva mu wa 1989 kugeza mu wa 1994, wari mu munara ugenzurirwamo indege zigenda n’iziza mu ijoro ryo kuwa 5 Mata kugeza kuwa 6 Mata 1994 mu gitondo, yabwiye Komite ko indege yatinze kugenda ku mpamvu zidasobanutse:

« Nari umugenzuzi mukuru mu ijoro rw’uwa 5 Mata kugeza ku wa 6 Mata 1994. Nageze

ku kazi saa cumi n’ebyiri za nimugoroba, mpererekanya imirimo n’uwari wahiriwe.

Ambwira ko Falcon 50 yagombaga kugenda mu gitondo cya kare. Ubusanzwe, mbere

y’uko indege igenda, umwe mu bashinzwe indege yatuzaniraga gahunda y’urugendo

rw’indege n’inyandiko yemeza ko ifite uruhushya rwo kuguruka, aho turi mu munara,

hanyuma tukavugana n’ikibuga iyo ndege ijyaho. Nta ndege yashoboraga kugenda izo

nyandiko zidatunganyijwe.

Muri icyo gitondo, ubuyobozi bw’ikibuga ntibwampaye gahunda y’urugendo rw’iyo

ndege n’inyandiko yemeza ko ifite uruhushya rwo kuguruka. Hagati aho, abashinzwe

gutwara iyo ndege bavaga mu biro by’ikibuga cy’indege bajya mu bindi urudaca. Umwe

muri bo witwaga Héraud yaje inshuro nyinshi mu munara ugenzura indege ziza

n’izigenda ambaza niba nabonye uruhushya rwo kureka indege ikagenda. Byakomeje

bityo umwanya muremure, maze indege yagombaga kugenda saa cumi n’ebyiri igenda

itinze cyane. Ntabwo nibuka neza isaha indege yagendeye, ariko icyo nibuka neza n’uko

yatinze kandi akaba nta mpamvu yabiteye bambwiye, kugira ngo nanjye mbibwire abo ku

kibuga cy’indege cya Dar-es-Salaam.

Mbere y’uko komanda w’ikibuga ampa amabwiriza [yo kureka indege ikagenda], umwe

mu Bafaransa bari bashinzwe iyo ndege witwaga Héraud, yinjiye mu munara ugenzura

indege ziza n’izigenda aho nari ndi. Ntabwo yiyumvishaga ibyarimo kuba, ambaza niba

hari inyandiko nari nabona zemerera indege kugenda. Naramuhakaniye. Yavuze aya

magambo aruhije kumvikana: « Ubanza aba bantu batagishaka umutware wabo ».

Amaze kuvuga atyo, agenda ameze nk’ufite ipfunwe nta rindi jambo yongeyeho384

».

Kubera ko Abafaransa bari bashinzwe indege ya Perezida Habyarimana bari bazi uko ibintu bimeze mu Rwanda, umuntu yakwibaza icyatumye umwe muri bo avuga ayo magambo. Ese yari

383 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, itariki 21 Ugushyingo 2008. 384 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rusizi, itariki 21 Mata 2008.

139

azi, cyangwa hari ibimenyetso yabonaga byerekana ko abo bantu bateguraga kwica Perezida Habyarimana? Umuntu yabyibazaho cyane, kuko byashoboka.

Ihirika ry’ubutegetsi ryabaye mu ijoro ry’uwa 6 Mata 1994, rihishura impamvu zatumye

indege ihanurwa

Nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida, uko ibintu byakurikiranye bigaragaza ko agatsiko k’abasirikare bakuru b’ingabo z’u Rwanda kayobowe na Koloneli Bagosora kashakaga guhirika ubutegetsi, kubyemeza abaturage, MINUAR na LONI, kugira ngo bashyireho ubutegetsi bishakira. Ariko iryo hirika ry’ubutegetsi ryageragejwe ntabwo ryashobotse biturutse ku nama Bagosora yagiriwe n’abahagarariye ibihugu byabo mu Rwanda n’abahagarariye LONI yavuganye nabo mu ijoro ry’uwa 6 Mata no mu gitondo cy’uwa 7 Mata 1994. By’umwihariko nyuma yo kuvugana na jenerali Dallaire, ndetse cyane cyane na Jacques Roger Booh-Booh intagondwa z’abahutu zabonaga kandi zemeraga ko ari incuti yazo, ni bwo Bagosora yerekanye ingingiri ku gitekerezo cyo gufata ubutegetsi mu buryo bwa gisirikare »385.

Jenerali Augustin Ndindiriyimana, wari ukuriye Jandarumori y’igihugu niwe watanze igitekerezo cyo kuvugana na Jacques Roger Booh-Booh :

« Dallaire yaje wenyine nka saa ine z’ijoro, Bagosora amusobanurira uko ibintu bimeze.

Amaze guhamya ko Perezida yaguye mu mpanuka y’indege amusobanurira ko tugiye

gushyiraho komite y’ibihe bikomeye kugira ngo tuyobore igihugu. Dallaire amubajije

icyo dushaka gukora mu buryo busobanutse, Bagosora ntiyashobora gusubiza mu buryo

bweruye. Ni bwo nasobanuye ko ari ugufata ubutegetsi hakoreshejwe ingufu za

gisirikare, ko byari ngombwa kubanza gutata icyo umuryango mpuzamahanga

ubitekerezaho, kugira ngo tumenye niba uzabidufashamo.

Abari bahari bose bemeye icyo gitekerezo cyanjye, maze Dallaire, Bagosora na Koloneli

Rwabarinda bajya kureba Jacques Roger Booh-Booh. Nasigaranye n’abandi mu cyumba

cy’inama kugeza mu gitondo.Dallaire na Bagosora bamaze kugenda koloneli Marchal

yaraje, mubwira uko ibintu bimeze. Ndangije, liyetena koloneli Kayumba anyibutsa ko

ntavuze ko komite yacu y’ibihe bidasanzwe yafashe ubutegetsi. Namusobanuriye ko ibyo

biri buterwe n’ibiva mu biganiro bagirana na Booh-Booh.

Bagosora na Rwabarinda bagarutse nka saa sita cyangwa saa saba z’ijoro; ntabwo

nongeye kubona Dallaire. Bagosora yadusobanuriye ko Booh-Booh yamubwiye ko

Amasezerano ya Arusha agomba kubahirizwa, maze ishyaka rya Perezida rikitoramo

Perezida mushya, nk’uko ayo masezerano abiteganya.

Bagosora yavuze ko Booh-Booh yabasezeranyije kuvugana na ambasaderi wa Leta zunze

ubumwe za Amerika, amusaba ko ahamagaza iwe abahagarariye ibihugu byabo mu

Rwanda bose bukeye bwa ho saa tatu za mu gitondo. Nasabye kuba muri iyo nama

hamwe na Bagosora na Rwabarinda ; abari bahari bose barabyemera. Twanemeye ko

385 Raporo ya Komisiyo y’igihugu yigenga yashinzwe gukusanya ibimenyetso byerekana uruhare rw’Ubufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Igitabo cya II, urup. 139.

140

Bagosora abonana n’abakuriye MRND, bakitoramo perezida mushya, nk’uko Booh-Booh

yabisabye. Hanyuma Bagosora arasohoka386

».

Mu ijoro ry’uwa 6 rishyira uwa 7 Mata 1994, Bagosora yahamagaje inama y’ubutegetsi bukuru bwa gisirikare n’ubwa Jandarumori mu cyicaro cy’ubuyobozi bwa gisirikare mu kigo cya gisirikare i Kigali, maze, ashyigikiwe n’abandi basirikare bakuru, avuga ko ashaka gufata ubutegetsi mu buryo bwa gisirikare. Koloneli Balthazar Ndengeyinka wari uhari arabisobanura :

« Muri icyo gihe, nari umujyanama mu bya tekiniki muri minisiteri y’ingabo. Indege

igwa nari mu mujyi, ariko sinari mbizi. Ntashye, abantu barampamagaye kuri telefone

bambaza amakuru. Nanjye mbaza kuri minisiteri y’ingabo bambwira ko Jepe yemeje ko

indege ya Perezida yaguye. Zari nka saa tatu za nijoro. Nahise njya ku cyicaro gikuru

cya gisirikare, mpasanga Koloneli BAGOSORA, Jenerali NDINDIRIYIMANA, liyetena

koloneli RWABARINDA, liyetena koloneli KAYUMBA ngirango na liyetena koloneli

KANYANDEKWE, wari wungirije G3, n’abandi ntibuka amazina.

Ijoro ryose twaganiriye ibigomba gukorwa. Koloneli MARCHAL twiganye icyiciro cya

gatatu cya kaminuza mu Bubirigi yarahadusanze, nyuma na Jenerali DALLAIRE araza.

Bamaze gutangaza urupfu rwa Perezida n’urw’Umukuru w’ingabo, koloneli BAGOSORA

yasabye ko ingabo zifata ubutegetsi bw’igihugu, ariko abandi basirikare batari ibyegera

bya perezida ntibabishyigikira. KAYUMBA amaze kuvugana n’abasirikare bakuru kuri

telefone yemeye icyifuzo cya BAGOSORA387

».

Muri iyo nama yo kuwa 6 Mata 1994, Bagosora yatanze icyifuzo cyo kugira koloneli Augustin Bizimungu, wari ukuriye ifasi ya gisirikare ya Ruhengeri kandi abona ari ofisiye wari ushoboye inshingano ze, umukuru w’ingabo mushya. Ba ofisiye bamwe banze icyifuzo cya Bagosora kubera ko yari afite ipeti ryo hasi kandi bamurusha uburambe ku kazi. Ubundi, koloneli Leonidas Rusatira, wari ufite uburambe ku kazi n’ipeti ryo hejuru, ni we wajyaga gusimbura jenerali Nsabimana wari waguye muri iyo mpanuka y’indege, ariko Bagosora yanga ko uwo mwanya bawuha Rusatira kuko wabonaga ashyamiranye nawe. Baje kumvikanira kuri jenerali Marcel Gatsinzi, wategekaga ifasi ya gisirikare yo mu majyepfo i Butare.388 Bamwe mu bari muri iyo nama, by’umwihariko jenerali Roméo Dallaire, banze gushyigikira iryo hirika ry’ubutegetsi rya gisirikare, basaba ko ubutegetsi mu bihe bidasanzwe bujyamo Madamu Agathe Uwiringiyimana, wari Minisitiri w’intebe ukomoka mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe na Leta ya Habyarimana. Koloneli Ndengeyinka yavuze ko, « Jenerali Dallaire yaraje, avuga ko nitwemera ibyifuzo bya BAGOSORA, nta kindi LONI iri bube ishigaje uretse kugenda

389 ». Nyuma Bagosora yanze

imishyikirano iyo ari yo yose na Minisitiri w’Intebe anavuga mu ruhame ko atemera ubutegetsi bwe. Ndengeyinka arabisobanura: «Ubutegetsi bwa Minisitiri w’Intebe bwarinaniwe.

386 Ubuhamya bwa Jenerali Augustin Ndindiriyimana yahaye Komiseri mukuru mu butumwa bw’inkiko, Buruseri, itariki 15 Nzeri 1995, ku mirimo yashinzwe n’umucamanza muri parike VANDERMEERSCH, dosiye y’ibirego 57/95 ya Théoneste BAGOSORA. 387 Ubuhamya bwa Liyetena koloneli Balthazar Ndengeyinka yahaye umucamanza Damien VANDERMEERSCH, i Kigali, itariki 19 Kamena 1995 : PV n°0155/CRIM/DA/KGL/95 ya dosiye n°48/95 J.I. VANDERMEERSCH. 388 Human Rights Watch, Aucun témoin… p.218-219 389 Ibid.

141

BAGOSORA yavuze ko nta Guverinoma ikiriho, anabibwira Jenerali DALLAIRE390

». Mu iperereza ryakozwe n’umucamanza Bruguière mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwa Arusha ku itariki ya 20 Gicurasi 2000, Bagosora yavuze ko, Booh-Booh amaze kuvuga ko ari ngombwa kwemera Minisitiri Agathe Uwiringiyimana, we yanze, ati : « Naramweruriye mubwira ko mpagarariye abasirikare, kandi ko icyo cyemezo kidakuka ». Mu gihe Bagosora n’abo bandi bari mu nama, abasirikare b’Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR bahawe amategeko yo kujya kwa Minisitiri w’Intebe kugira ngo bamuherekeze kuri radiyo y’igihugu aho yashakaga gusomera disikuru isaba guhagarika imvururu. Bageze iwe nka saa kumi n’imwe za mugitondo, abo basirikare baguye mu gico cy’abasirikare bo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, bamburwa intwaro, bafatanwa n’abasirikare bandi ba MINUAR bakomoka muri Ghana batanu barindaga Minisitiri w’Intebe. Ndengeyinka abivuga atya : « Nka saa kumi n’imwe za mu gitondo, nari iwanjye maze gukuramo imyenda, numva arusaku rw’amasasu hafi cyane y’iwanjye. Nari ntuye

aho Avenue Paul VI ihurira na rue NYARUGUNGA, mu nzu ibangikanye n’inzu y’Uburusiya.

Nahamagaye ku izamu. Liyetena koloneli KAYUMBA arambwira ati : « Ni twe dushaka kubuza

Minisitiri w’Intebe kujya kuri radiyo ». Ubwo numva ko ibyo byaberaga kwa Agathe391

».

Abo basirikare ba LONI bamaze gufatwa bategetswe n’ababafashe gushyira intwaro hasi bababwira ko babajyana mu kigo cya MINUAR, ariko abasirikare b’u Rwanda, bisa nk’aho bakurikiza amategeko bahawe, babajyanye mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kigali, bahageze barabakubita, barabica. Icyo jenerali Dallaire yabivuzeho n’uko « iyicwa ry’abaparakomando cumi b’Ababirigi ryari kimwe mu bigize gahunda yari yarateguwe mbere », asobanura ko Koloneli Bagosora n’ukuriye Jandarumori bamubwiye ko « ibyabereye mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kigali byerekanye ko abasirikare b’Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR bakwiye kuva mu

Rwanda392

». Muri icyo gihe Bagosora yakomeje kuvugana n’abantu hirya no hino ashaka abamutera inkunga mu buryo bwa politique, bwa gisirikare n’ubwa dipolomasi kugira ngo ihirika ry’ubutegetsi yashakaga ryemerwe. Balthazar Ndengeyinka agira ati: « Muri iyo nama,

telefone yavugaga ubutitsa. BAGOSORA asaba ko amatelefone amuhamagara yoherezwa mu

kindi cyumba. Kuva ubwo, buri gihe telefone yavugaga BAGOSORA yarasohokaga. Ni we

wayoboraga inama393

».

Ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, mu gitondo cya kare, Jenerali Ndindiriyimana, Koloneli Bagosora na Liyetena Koloneli Rwabarinda bagiye kubonana na Ambasaderi wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika iwe kugira ngo bamubaze icyo atekereza ku buryo bwa gisirikare n’ubwa politike igihugu gishobora kuyoborwamo. Mu biganiro bagiranye, Ambasaderi yabajije igituma abasirikare babuza Minisitiri w’Intebe kujya kuri radiyo y’igihugu akagira icyo abwira abaturage. Bagosora nta gisubizo yatanze, ahubwo yavuze ko urusaku rw’amasasu rwari mu mujyi ari abajepe barasaga hejuru kubera urupfu rw’umutware wabo. Ndindiriyimana abivuga muri aya magambo:

« Ahagana saa mbiri n’iminota mirongo ine n’itanu nagiye kwa Ambasaderi, mpasanga

RWABARINDA na BAGOSORA. Ambasaderi atubaza ku rusaku rw’amasasu

390 Ibid. 391 Ibid. 392 Raporo ya Sena y’Ububirigi yavuzwe mbere urup. 417-418 393 Ibid.

142

rwaturukaga ku Kimihurura, aho ikigo cy’abajepe cyari kiri. Bagosora asubiza ko

abajepe barasaga hejuru berekana ko bababajwe n’urupfu rwa Perezida. Ambasaderi

atubaza icyatumye tubuza minisitiri w’intebe, Agathe UWIRINGIYIMANA, gukora

disikuru ye. Jyewe ntacyo nari mbizi ho. Na BAGOSORA ntiyagira igisubizo atanga394

». Muri icyo gitondo, ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, habaye indi nama ya ba ofisiye b’ingabo z’u Rwanda mu ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare yarimo ba komanda b’uturere twose turimo ibikorwa bya gisirikare, ba komanda b’ibigo bya gisirikare na ba ofisiye bo mu butegetsi bukuru bwa gisirikare na Jandarumori. Koloneli Bagosora ni we wayoboye inama akomeza kwibutsa abahari ko abasirikare bagomba gufata ubutegetsi, yanga ubwa gatatu ko haba imibonano na Minisitiri w’Intebe, anavuga ko atazi niba akiriho. Inama yashyigikiye ibyemezo byari byaraye bifashwe byo gushyiraho komite iyobora igihugu mu bihe bidasanzwe igizwe n’abasirikare bakuru benshi. Mu gihe inama yarimo, abasirikare b’u Rwanda, abajepe n’abo mu ishami ry’intasi bayobowe na ba majoro Mpiranya na Nzuwonemeye bo mu ntagondwa zashakaga gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu za gisirikare, bahize Madamu Agathe, baramufata, bamukorera ibya mfurambi, baramwica. Muri icyo gihe kandi, abasirikare bo muri ayo mashami bafashe abantu bakuru bo mu mashyaka atavugaga rumwe na Leta n’abandi bantu bakomeye nka Joseph Kavaruganda, Perezida w’urukiko rushinzwe kurinda iremezo ry’itegeko-nshinga, Frederic Nzamurambaho, Perezida wa PSD ari na Minisitiri w’Ubuhinzi, Landoald Ndasingwa Perezida wungirije wa Parti libéral ari na we Minisitiri w’imirimo n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage, na Faustin Rucogoza wo mu biro by’ubuyobozi bukuru bwa MDR ishami ritarimo intagondwa akaba na Minisitiri w’Itangazamakuru, barabafunga, nyuma barabica. Kwica abo bantu bakomeye muri politike n’abasirikare b’Ababirigi byabujije ishyirwaho ry’inzego zo mu Masezerano ya Arusha, binatuma abasirikare b’Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR bataha kandi bituma jenoside n’ubwicanyi bikomeza. Bagosora amaze gushyiraho iyo komite yo mu bihe bidasanzwe ya gisirikare yamwumviraga, yatangiye gushakisha noneho uko azashyiraho guverinoma mu by’ukuri azategeka maze agira imishyikirano n’intagondwa zo muri MRND kugira ngo arebe uko ashyiraho iyo guverinoma; Liyetena koloneli Ndengeyinka yabitanzeho ubuhamya agira ati :

« Nzi ko MRND yagize inama ku itariki 7 Mata mu gitondo cya kare, hagati ya saa kumi

na saa moja, irimo BAGOSORA kuko ari we wari wayihamagaje. Ndibuka BAGOSORA

avuga, mbere y’inama yagiranye na ba komanda b’uturere, ko MRND yabwiwe ibyifuzo

bya BOOH-BOOH, ariko ntiyabyakira neza ahubwo ishaka guta igihe. Nyuma y’urupfu

rwa Agathe, MRND yemera ibyifuzwaga395

».

Abatangabuhamya bose bari mu nama zabaye ku itariki ya 6 n’iya 7 Mata 1994 bumviswe na Komite kugeza uyu munsi bavuga ko koloneli Bagosora ari we wayoboraga ibintu byose kuva ku itariki 6 Mata nimugoroba kandi ko icyo yashakaga cy’ingenzi cyari uko abasirikare bafata ubutegetsi.396 Mu gihe cyose cya jenoside, Bagosora ni we wategekaga, ashyigikiwe na

394 Ubuhamya bwa Jenerali Augustin Ndindiriyimana yahaye Komiseri mukuru mu butumwa bw’inkiko, Buruseri, itariki 15 Nzeri 1995, ku mirimo yashinzwe n’umucamanza muri parike VANDERMEERSCH, dosiye y’ibirego 57/95 ya Théoneste BAGOSORA. 395 Ubuhamya bwa Liyetena koloneli Balthazar Ndengeyinka, op. cit. 396 Reba cyane cyane ubuhamya bwa Jenerali Marcel Gatsinzi, Jenereli Majoro Paul Rwarakabije, Liyetena Koloneli Barthazar Ndengeyinka, Koloneli Innocent Bavugamenshi, twavuze muri iyi raporo.

143

guverinoma igizwe n’abantu bahuje amatwara na we, n’abasirikare bamuri inyuma. Jenerali Marcel Gatsinzi yavuze ko mu gihe gito yamaze ari umukuru w’ingabo, nta bubasha nya bwo yari afite bwo kuyobora ibikorwa byose bya gisirikare n’iby’umutekano :

« Kuva ku itariki ya 8 Mata, nasanze nta bwumvikane bwari hagati y’abasirikare

n’abanyapolitike kandi bikomeza, jyewe ndi mu bikorwa bya gisirikare byo kurwana na

FPR byari byongeye kubura. Kuri jye, icyo gihe, ibyo bikorwa byari ukubiri : hari ibya

gisirikare (intambara na FPR), hari n’ibindi byakorwaga n’abasirikare nk’abajepe,

byari muri gahunda yateguwe kandi yari izwi mu buryo bwa rwihishwa. Ibi bya kabiri

ntacyo nabishoboragaho. Ariko ku rugamba nari mbishoboye. Komanda w’umujyi wa

Kigali ni we wari ushinzwe abakoraga ibyo bikorwa bindi byo kurinda umujyi.397

».

Dogiteri Charles Zirimwabagabo, wahoze ari Perefe wa Gisenyi, aho Bagosora avuka, na we yavuze ko Bagosora ari we wategekaga u Rwanda kuva mu ijoro ry’itariki 6 Mata 1994 :

« Mu kwezi kwa gatanu n’ukwa gatandatu 1994, nabonanye na ba minisitiri bamwe

bansobanurira uko byagenze mu ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 6 rishyira itariki ya 7 Mata 1994.

Bambwiye ko ari BAGOSORA ubwe wabatoranyije kandi ajya kubatwara. Kandi ko ari

ko byagenze ku byerekeye Perezida w’agateganyo. BAGOSORA na Guverinoma

y’inzibacyuho ni bo bashishikarije abaturage ubwicanyi398

».

Imyitwarire yerekana ko hari gahunda yari izwi yo kwica [Habyarimana]

Umunsi wakurikiye ihanurwa ry’indege, abanyamahanga bari mu Rwanda bavugaga ko babonaga ba ofisiye b’ingabo z’u Rwanda basaga nk’abari mu munsi mukuru nyuma y’urupfu rwa Habyarimana, bigasa n’aho yari gahunda bari bafite mbere yagezweho. Rober Schriewer, wari ukuriye ishami ry’ubutwererane muri ambasade y’u Bubirigi mu Rwanda kuva muri 1991 kugeza muri 1994, yatanze ubuhamya buvuga ukuntu abantu bari bishimye bakora n’umunsi mukuru Perezida amaze gupfa. Yanavuze ko uwo munsi mukuru wakorewe kwa majoro Bernard Ntuyahaga, waje guhamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica ba basirikare cumi b’Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR. Rober Schriewer abivuga muri aya magambo :

« Nageze i Kigali itariki 13 Nzeri 1991 kandi niho ntuye uretse ko njya mu Bubirigi mu

biruhuko. Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 nari i Kigali. Navuye i Kigali mu ndege ya C 130 mu

ijoro ryo ku wa 14 rishyira uwa 15 Mata. Nagarutse i Kigali ku itariki ya 27 Nyakanga.

Nari ntuye mu Kiyovu, i Kigali, kuri 24 Avenue des Grands Lacs. Mu ijoro ry’uwa 6

ushyira uwa 7 Mata, nari mu rugo n’umugore wanjye. Ntabwo numvise indege iraswa.

Muri iryo joro twumvise urusaku rw’amasasu cyangwa ibindi biturika birenze

ubusanzwe. Twanumvise n’imodoka za gisirikare ziriho radio ziguma guhita, ariko

kubera ko tutari twumvise radiyo, ntabwo twari tuzi ibyabaye. Nka saa kumi n’imwe za

mu gitondo twakanguwe n’urusaku rw’ibisasu biraswa n’ibibunda bya rutura. Twasanze

397 Ubuhamya bwa Jenerali Marcel Gatsinzi yatangiye i Butare, itariki 16 Kamena 1995, mu rwego rw’iperereza ryasabwe n’umucamanza Damien Vandermeersh. 398 Ubuhamya bwa Charles Zirimwabagabo mu rwego rw’iperereza mpuzamahanga ryasabwe n’umucamanza Damien Vandermeersch rikorerwa mu Rwanda kuva ku itariki ya 5 kugeza ku itariki ya 24 Kamena 1995.

144

hagomba kuba habaye ikintu kidasanzwe. Twaratelefonnye tunashyiraho radiyo maze

tumenya ibyaraye bibaye. Saa moja n’igice navuganye na ambasaderi adutegeka kutava

mu mazu. (…)

Kuwa kane, itariki ya 7 Mata, nka saa kumi, umugore wanjye yambwiye ko umuturanyi

wacu yari yacanye amatara ku ibaraza, hari urusaku n’abantu baseka inyuma

y’ahateganye n’aho twari dutuye mu nzu iri kuri Avenue de la Jeunesse. (…)

Byaradutangaje cyane cyane kubera ko hari umwuka mubi w’agasuhero. Uretse muri

urwo rugo, ahandi muri ako gace hari mu kizima, abantu bazimije amatara batinya ko

baraswa, ntawe ukoma, hanyuramo tukumva urusaku rw’amasasu. Kumva abantu baseka

bari mu munsi mukuru ntibyumvikanaga, bituma umugore wanjye avuga ati: « Ariko se

ni nde ushobora gukora umunsi mukuru mu bihe nk’ibi » ? Nagerageje kumenya uwari

utuye muri iyo nzu. Umukozi wo mu rugo aje kwihisha amasasu, ambwira ko hari hatuye

umusirikare w’umukapiteni. (…)

Nakongeraho ko ku itariki ya 7 mu gitondo, muri « Village français » harasiwe amasasu

y’urufaya. Nyuma nabwiwe na Bwana NKUBITO, Minisitiri w’Ubutabera w’ubu, wari

utuye mu kagari kamwe na twe, ko ari umuryango wa Justin Niyongira, wakoraga muri

minisiteri y’imirimo ya Leta, barashe bagerageza guhunga. Nk’uko twabibonaga turi mu

busitani bwacu, abicanyi bambaye iniforume n’utugofero twirabura bitwaje imbunda za

kalashnikov banyuranagamo, twibwiye, kimwe n’umukozi wacu wo mu rugo, ko urwo

rujya n’uruza rwayoborerwaga mu rugo rw’umuturanyi wacu w’umusirikare, ku kibanza

cya 2. Nyuma ibyo twakekaga byemejwe na NKUBITO ubwe.

(…)Mu mpeshyi y’’umwaka wa 1994, i Buruseri, nahuye na Bwana Alphonse-Marie

NKUBITO, ataraba Minisitiri ariko hasigaye igihe gito, tuganira ku byabaye mu

Rwanda. NKUBITO ambwira ko umuntu twari duturanye w’umusirikare, wari ku kibanza

cya 2 ari we wicaga abantu mu gice twari dutuyemo, ko yitwaga NTUYAHAGA,

umumajoro, yandika iryo zina mu gatabo kanjye399

».

Ubu buhamya umuntu abushyize hamwe n’ubwa Cam Tran, umubirigi wakoraga mu rwego rw’ubutwererane muri Mata 1994, wabwiye mugenzi we Jacques Collet ko « ku itariki ya 6 Mata

1994, ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zitegereje ikintu gikomeye400

». ko abasirikare b’Abanyarwanda bamubwiye ko ari « umunsi ukomeye, uri bubeho ikintu gikomeye », umuntu yasanga intagondwa zo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, zirimo majoro Ntuyahaga, zari zizi ko indege iri buhanurwe kandi ziteguraga kwishimira ivanwaho rya Perezida Habyarimana. Byaranagaragaye kandi ko hashize iminota mike indege ihanuwe abasirikare b’u Rwanda boherejwe vuba cyane mu mpade z’ingirakamaro za Kigali; ibyo ni ibintu bitashobokaga mu gihe gito, kandi bikozwe n’ingabo zitunguwe no kwicwa k’umugaba wa zo. By’umwihariko abasirikare b’abajepe bahise bafata ikibuga cy’indege cy’i Kanombe babuza kugenda abasirikare b’Ababirigi bo muri

399 Ubuhamya Robert Schriewer yatanze imbere y’umucamanza Damien Van Dermeersch, PV N° 0011/Dosiye n° 57/95 J.I/ VANDERMEERSCH, Kigali, itariki 5 Gicurasi 1995. 400 Ubuhamya bwa Jacques Collet itariki 16 Gicurasi 1994, PV n°686, dosiye n°02 0254594 C8, Urukiko rwa gisirikare rw’i Buruseri.

145

MINUAR401 bari mo ibice bibiri « kimwe gikorera hejuru y’inzu z’ikibuga n’ikindi

gishinzwe kugenzura mu kibuga igihe cyose402

». Muri icyo gihe babuzaga abasirikare b’Ababirigi gukora akazi kabo, koloneli Bagosora yasobanuriye Dallaire ko byaba byiza kuvana abasirikare b’Ababirigi muri MINUAR, bitangaza cyane Dallaire; dore uko abivuga : « Ako kanya, Bagosora yansabye kumusubiza ku gitekerezo cy’uko : byaba byiza kuvana Ababirigi muri MINUAR no mu Rwanda kubera inkuru zasakaye ko

ari bo bahanuye indege ya perezida. (…) Ese yari yizeye ko ingabo z’imena za MINUAR zava

mu rugerero ? Bwari ubwa mbere numva umwe mu bantu bakuru muri goverinoma ya

Habyarimana avuga ko badashaka Ababirigi403

».

Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifite inzobere mu gukoresha intwaro zihanura indege

Mu mpaka zigibwa kuri iki kibazo, zimwe mu mpaka zigibwa n’abagerageza kuvuga ko Ingabo z’u Rwanda zitagize uruhare mu guhanura indege ya Habyarimana ngo n’uko « nta bikoresho zari zifite kandi nta n’abantu bari bafite bashobora gukoresha intwaro zihanura indege nk’uko

APR yari ibafite, kandi ko imizinga yazo yagenzurwaga na MINUAR; ikindi kandi ngo bari

bafite intwaro zirwanya indege nke cyane, kandi nta misile404

bari bafite ». MINUAR nta buryo yari ifite bwo kugenzura intwaro zose ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifite. Twasobanuye ko abasirikare b’u Rwanda bari bahishe imbunda zabo za rutura ahantu MINUAR itashoboraga kugera. Ikindi kandi, mu minsi itatu yabanjirije ihanurwa ry’indege, ingabo z’u Rwanda zabujije MINUAR kwinjira mu bigo byazo bya gisirikare, birimo icy’i Kanombe. Uretse n’ibyo, nta gushidikanya ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifite abantu n’ibikoresho byashoboraga guhanura indege.

Mu by’ukuri ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zirimo inzobere mu gukoresha intwaro zirwanya indege n’ibindi biguruka ; izo nzobere zigiye mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo Ubufaransa, Libiya, Ubushinwa, Koreya no mu Burusiya. Izo nzobere zari mu mashami abiri y’ingenzi: ishami ry’intasi, n’ishami ryo kurwanya indege n’ibindi biguruka ryayobowe na koloneli Bagosora igihe kirekire. Iri shami kandi ni ryo ryari rishinzwe kurinda umutekano w’ikibuga mpuzamahanga cy’indege cya Kanombe rikoresheje intwaro zirasa indege zishinze mu nkengero z’aho indege zururukira kandi zikavira hasi, zirimo « ibirindiro bine bishobora kwimurwa byo kurwanya indege bigizwe n’umuzinga w’iminwa ibiri wa milimetero 37.2 ushinze kuri kamyo: kimwe kiri

mu nguni z’iburengerazuba n’iburasirazuba bw’ikibuga, kimwe ku nyubako y’ubugenzuzi

bw’ikibuga, hafi y’umuhanda w’indege n’umunara uyobora indege mu majyaruguru, kimwe hafi

y’ibibandahore mu majyepfo; (…); ibibunda birasa indege by’iminwa ibiri n’iminwa ine ya

milimetero 14.5, n’imizinga y’iminwa ibiri ya milimetero 37.2405

».

Abahanga bo mu ishami rirasa rikanarashisha indege bari barigishijwe gukoresha sa misile zirasa ku butaka n’izirasa mu kirere, bari ba ajuda b’inararibonye bari bamaze imyaka myinshi mu

401Human Rights Watch, Aucun témoin…, p.221 402 KIBAT, Chronique 06 Mata -19 Mata 1994, urup.6 na 15-16 403 R. Dallaire, J’ai serré la main du diable,…op.cit.324 404 Icyemezo cyo gufata abantu cy’umucamanza Bruguière, urup. 13 405 MIP, Igice cya II, Imigereka, urup. 268-269.

146

gisirikare. Naho inzobere mu ishami ry’intasi, zari zarigishijwe gukoresha za misile zirashishwa ibiri ku butaka zitwa Milan zikoreshwa ku modoka z’imitamenwa ntoya, kandi bari bazi gukoresha za misile zirasa mu kirere. Ofisiye umwe muri iri shami, Liyetena Habimana, yari yarigiye ubusirikare mu Bufaransa, yiga ubuhanga bwo gukoresha za misile406. Hari na ba suzofisiye bari barigiye mu Bufaransa, mu ishuri bigamo gukoresha imizinga, biga uburyo bwo gukoresha intwaro zihanura indege, harimo na za misile. Abo basirikare ni ajuda Kalinda, Mburenumwe, Nikorotuye na serija Hitimana. Ba ajuda Valens Bayingana, Simon Ngaboyaruti na Gaspard Girukwayo bo mu ishami rirwanya indege nabo ni byo bize muri Koreya no mu Bufaransa407. Urwandiko rw’umugaba mukuru w’ingabo z’u Rwanda, koloneli Laurent Serubuga, yandikiye Minisitiri w’Ingabo, ku itariki ya 17 Mutarama 1992, rugaragaza ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifite abantu b’inzobere mu ishami rirwanya indege, bafite ubuhanga bwose bukenewe mu gukoresha intwaro zirwanya indege:

« (…) urwo rwandiko ruvuga ruti: « …abasirikare bo mu ishami rirwanya indege

boherejwe mu RUHENGERI no ku RUSUMO kurasa indege zizenguruka mu kirere cyacu

ariko ntibyashoboka kuko izo ndege zagurukiraga hejuru cyane cyane aho intwaro

ishami ryari rifite zitagezaga. Intwaro zariho ni imizinga y’iminwa ibiri ya milimetero 37

na Mi AA ya milimetero 14.5, zishobora kurasa indege zigendera mu kirere kigufi gusa,

kitarenze metero 1,500 z’ubutumburuke.

Kurinda ikirere cyo hagati (metero 1,500 – 7,500) hakenewe izindi ntwaro zirushaho

gukomera zingana cyangwa zagereranywa na Roland y’abafaransa isobanuwe mu

mugereka wometse kuri iyi nyandiko. Icyakozwe muri iyi ntambara kizwi na MINADEF

n’ukugura intwaro za SAM 16 zari mu cyiciro cy’intwaro zirasa mu « kirere cyo hagati »

kandi zikagira akarusho ko kuba zashingwa ku binyabiziga bito.

Iyi dosiye ikwiye kwitabwaho, nk’uko musanzwe mubikora, maze ikajya mu bikenewe

rusange byo kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu. Icya mbere kigomba kugurwa ni urugaga

rwa SAM 16 rugizwe n’imizinga 12 na misile 120; into muri izi ntwaro igizwe n’ibice 4.

Imikorere y’izi ntwaro n’uko bigura biri mu mugereka wa II n’uwa III408

».

Muri iyi nyandiko, umukuru w’ingabo z’u Rwanda ntanenga ishami rirwanya indege ubuke bwa ryo cyangwa se ubuhanga buke; icyo agaragaza gusa ni uko ibikoresho birwanya indege iryo shami ryari rifite muri 1992 bitashoboraga kurasa kure cyane, akaba yifuza kugira intwaro zirasa indege zikomeye kurenza izo yari afite icyo gihe ; ibyo bikerekana ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifite inzobere mu gukoresha intwaro zirasa indege. Tugiye no gusuzuma inyandiko zinyuranye

406 Ubuhamya bwa kapiteni Théogène Nsengiyumva, yatangiye i Gako, itariki 19 Kamena 2008; Kaporali Camille Kabagema, wari mu ishami kuva mu 1986 kugeza mu 1994, yatangiye Rubavu, itariki 19 Kamena 2008 ; Kaporali François Muhozi, wari mu ishami kuva mu 1991 kugeza mu 1994, yatangiye i Nyabihu, itariki 19 Kamena 2008. 407 Ubuhamya bwa Kaporali Tharcisse Nsengiyumva, bwatangiwe imbere ya Komite i Kigali itariki 4 Kamena 2008; Kaporali Innocent Ntawiyahura, bwatangiwe imbere ya Komite i Nyamasheke, itariki 3 Ugushyingo 2008, Liyetena Salathiel Makuza, (wari mu ishami ririnda ikibuga cy’indege kuva ku itariki 28 Ukwakira 1991 kugeza muri Nyakanga 1994) bwatangiwe imbere ya Komite i Rubavu itariki 21 Ugushyingo 2008. 408 Koloneli Laurent Serubuga, Chef AM AR, Ibarwa n°0053/G3.3.2 yandikiye Bwana Minisitiri w’ingabo z’igihugu, i Kigali, itariki 17 Mutarama 1992.

147

zerekana ko hagati y’umwaka 1990 na 1993, ingabo z’u Rwanda zashakishaga mu bihugu byinshi kandi mu gihe gito, za misile n’imizinga yo kuzirashisha, bikagaragaza ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zitashoboraga gutumiza za misile nta nzobere zifite zo kuzikoresha.

Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifite misile n’imizinga yo kuzirashisha

Kugeza ubu hari ibimenyetso mu nyandiko no mu buhamya, bigaragaza ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifite intwaro zirasa indege, zirimo na za misile, zishinze ku buryo zishobora kurasa indege yamanutse, igiye kugera hasi.

Itumiza rinyuranye rya za misile n’imizinga yo kuzohereza

Inyandiko zerekana ko kuva muri 1990, ingabo z’u Rwanda zashakishaga zikomeje za misile kugira ngo zongere ingufu z’intwaro zari zifite zirimo izirasa indege. Inyandiko ikomoka muri minisiteri y’ingabo z’u Rwanda, ivuga ibyavuzwe mu nama yo ku itariki ya 21 Nzeri 1991, yarimo koloneli Laurent Serubuga, Minisitiri ukuriye ingabo z’u Rwanda, jenerali Augustin Ndindiriyimana minisitiri mu biro bya Perezida ushinzwe umutekano, na ba komanda cumi na batatu bayobora uturere dukorerwamo n’ingabo z’u Rwanda, yerekana ku iyo nama yasabye za misile zo kurasa indege y’intasi yazengurukaga hejuru y’akarere k’ibirunga muri perefegitura ya Ruhengeri:

« Komanda w’akarere ka RUHENGERI yavuze ko hari indege igurukira hejuru cyane

izenguruka akarere ka CYANIKA n’ibirunga hafi buri joro kandi intwaro dufite

ntizishobora kuyigezaho. (…) Abari mu nama bemeye bose ko ari indege y’intasi

y’UMWANZI, ifite ibikoresho bituma uyirimo areba neza nijoro, kubera ko buri gihe iyo

imaze kuzenguruka, UMWANZI aradutera cyangwa akarasa ibirindiro byacu. Kubera ko

tudafite intwaro zirasa indege zishobora kuyihanura, cyangwa kuyitinyisha, inama

irasaba ko hakorwa ibishoboka byose misile zo ku butaka zikoreshwa mu guhanura

indege zikaboneka. Ariko kubera ko tutazi uko izo misile zigura, bizaba ngombwa

kubaza abahanga bo mu bihugu by’incuti tukamenya uko igihugu cyacu cyashobora

kugura iyo ntwaro409

».

409 Urwandiko N° 0104/G3.9.2.0 rwanditswe na Komanda Joseph Bujyakera ofisiye G2 EM AR arwandikira Umuyobozi mukuru w’ingabo. Impamvu: Inyandiko-mvugo y’Inama y’abakomanda y’imitwe y’ingabo mu gihugu yabereye i Kigali itariki 21 Nzeri 1991. Abitabye iyo nama: Koloneli Laurent Serubuga, Umuyobozi mukuru w’ingabo, wayoboye iyo nama; Koloneli BEM Augustin Ndindiliyimana, Minisitiri mu biro bya Perezida ushinzwe umutekano w’igihugu; Koloneli AnselmeNshizirungu, Komanda w’umutwe w’ingabo Byumba ; Koloneli BEM Déogratias Nsabimana, Komanda w’umutwe w’ingabo Mutara ; Liyetena Koloneli BEM Phénéas Munyarugarama, G1 EM AR ; Liyetena Koloneli BEM Ephrem Rwabalinda, G3 EM AR ; Liyetena Koloneli BEMSG Aloys Ntiwiragabo, Komanda umutwe w’ingabo Umujyi wa Kigali ; Liyetena Koloneli BEMS Anatole Nsengiyumva, G2 EM AR ; Liyetena Koloneli BEM Balthazar Ndengeyinka, Komanda, umutwe w’ingabo, Rusumo ; Liyetena koloneli BEM Innocent Kamanzi, Komanda, umutwe w’ingabo, Kibungo ; Liyetena Koloneli Alphonse Nzungize, Komanda CE CDO Bigogwe ; Liyetena Koloneli BEM Augustin Bizimungu, Umutwe w’ingabo, Ruhengeri ; Majoro Pascal Ngirumpatse, G4 EM AR ; Majoro BEM Juvénal Bahufite, Komanda, umutwe w’ingabo, Gisenyi ; Komanda Joseph Bujyakera Joseph, ofisiye G2 EM AR, Umwanditsi w’ibyavuzwe mu nama.

148

Hagati y’Ugushyingo 1990 na Gashyantare 1992, ingabo z’u Rwanda zatumije za misile n’imizinga yohereza za misile mu bihugu bitanu bitandukanye, hakoreshejwe inguzanyo ya gisirikare yishyurwa, cyangwa imfashanyo ya gisirikare. Ibyo bihugu ni u Burusiya, Repubulika y’abaturage iharanira demokarasi ya Koreya, Misiri, Ubushinwa na Brezil. Mu by’ukuri, ku itariki ya 31 Nyakanga 1991, minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’u Rwanda yasabye u Burusiya ibikoresho bya gisirikare ku nguzanyo izishyurwa bigizwe n’ « imizinga yohereza

misile 12 y’ubwoko bwa SAM 16 » na « misile 60 z’ubwoko bwa SAM 16 (IGLA)410

». Mu nyandiko yo ku itariki ya 22 Ukwakira 1991, minisiteri yongeye gusaba ibyo bikoresho muri ambasade y’u Burusiya i Kigali411. Uwo munsi, inyandiko isa n’iyi yohererejwe ambasaderi wa Repubulika y’abaturage iharanira demokarasi ya Koreya i Kigali, isaba intwaro nk’izo: « imizinga yohereza za misile itandatu y’ubwoko bwa SAM 16 na za misile 30 z’ubwoko bwa

SAM 16 (IGLA)412

». Ku itariki ya 13 Nyakanga 1992, ambasade y’u Burusiya mu Rwanda yohereje ibarwa yemerera Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’u Rwanda yohereza kopi muri Minisiteri y’ingabo z’igihugu ivuga ko: « Guverinoma y’Igihugu cy’u Burusiya yemeye guha u Rwanda, mu myaka 1992 – 1993, ibikoresho bya gisirikare biri kuri lisiti yometse kuri uru rwandiko; igiciro cyabyo

ni miliyoni 26 z’amadolari y’amanyamerika. Azishyurwa mu mwaka ibyo bikoresho

bizatangwamo, mu mafaranga ashobora kuvunjwa mu rwego mpuzamahanga. Igice cy’ayo

mafaranga gishobora kwishyurwa mu bicuruzwa biva mu Rwanda. U Burusiya buzohereza

intumwa za Leta mu Rwanda, cyangwa bwakire intumwa z’u Rwanda i Moscou igihe impande

zombi zizumvikanaho kandi bashyire umukono ku masezerano yerekeye uko ibyo bikoresho

bizatangwa ».

Kuri lisiti y’ibikoresho bya gisirikare u Burusiya bwemeye guha Guverinoma y’u Rwanda harimo intwaro zirwanya indege zitwa: « (…)

- Intwaro 30 zirwanya indege zishobora gutwarwa mu maboko z’ubwoko bwa (SAM)

‘IGLA’ – 1M’ (‘AIGUILLE – 1M’)

- Imizinga y’inyabubiri irasa indege ya milimetero 23 y’ubwoko bwa ZU-23 (‘Shield’)

- Amasasu y’izi ntwaro 413». Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’u Rwanda imaze kubona uru rwandiko yabibwiye minisiteri y’ingabo z’igihugu, minisiteri y’ingabo isubiza n’ibaruwa yo ku itariki 27 Nyakanga 1992 ivuga iti: « Twiteguye kwakira intumwa z’u Burusiya i KIGALI kugirango tuganire ku bikoresho twifuza kuvana mu Burusiya n’uburyo tuzishyuramo

dukoresheje inguzanyo tuzabibonera414

». Ku itariki ya 17 Mutarama 1992, ukuriye ingabo z’u Rwanda, koloneli Laurent Serubuga yandikiye Minisitiri w’ingabo, yoherereza kopi komanda w’ishami rirwanya indege n’ushinzwe

410 MINAFFET, Urwandiko n°65 411 Urwandiko n° 1051/16.00/CAB rwa Dogiteri Casimir Bizimungu, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’amahanga w’u Rwanda yandikiye ambasaderi w’Uburusiya (Repuburika zunze ubumwe z’abasoviyeti). 412 Ibarwa n° 1062/16.00/CAB ambasaderi wa Koreya i Kigali yandikiwe na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga. 413 Itangazo n° 45 ryo ku itariki 13 Nyakanga 1992 414 Dogiteri James Gasana, Minisitiri w’ingabo, ibarwa n°1450/06.1.9, yandikiye Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’amahanga n’ubutwererane, Kigali, itariki 27 Nyakanga 1992. Impamvu : Inguzanyo y’Uburusiya y’ibikoresho bya gisirikare.

149

amabanga ya gisirikare mu ngabo z’u Rwanda amwibutsa ko « ubuyobozi bwa Minisiteri

y’Ingabo buzi uko twabigenje; twaguze intwaro z’ubwoko bwa SAM 16 ziri mu cyiciro

cy’intwaro zirasa « mu kirere cyo hagati » kandi zifite akarusho ko gutwarwa ku tunyabiziga

dutoya. Iyi dosiye ikwiye kwitabwaho, nk’uko musanzwe mubikora, maze ikajya mu bikenewe rusange byo kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu. Icya mbere kigomba kugurwa ni urugaga rwa SAM

16 rugizwe n’imizinga 12 na misile 120; into muri izi ntwaro igizwe n’ibice 4415

».

Inyandiko za Koloneli Serubuga zanditseho « Ibanga » zifite n’imigereka itatu irimo imbonerahamwe ya gahunda yo kurinda ikibuga cy’indege cy’i Kanombe ibitero biturutse mu kirere, ibisobanuro by’ibikoresho bya gisirikare byatumijwe mu Misiri, isobanura rya za misile n’imizinga yohereza misile na byo byagombaga kuva mu Misiri byihutirwa. Iyi migereka yombi ya nyuma mu by’ukuri ni za kopi za fagisi z’ituma ry’ibikoreshwa by’ingabo z’u Rwanda mu Misiri ku itariki ya 2 Nzeri 1991416. Izo za misile zari ziteye zitya: « IGLA (SA-16)

IGLA-1: intwaro irasa indege itwarwa mu maboko igizwe na :

Igifunga 9p-519

Inda 9p-622

Za misile 9M-313

Igihe byakorewe: 1990/91

Aho bikomoka: U Burusiya/Burugariya

Umubare wa byo: Misile 100; Ibyohereza misile 20.

Igihe bizagerera aho bitumiwe: Bitarenze minsi 30 ibarwa ibitumiza yakiriwe

Igiciro: Icyohereza misile: $(US) 30,000 + Ubwikorezi kugera mu cyambu cyo muri

Afurika;

Misile: $(US) 70,000 + Ubwikorezi kugera mu cyambu cyo muri Afurika.

Kwishyura: Nk’uko byemeranyijwe

Ubugenzuzi: Mu cyambu bizashyirirwa mu bwato

Ubwishingizi: Nk’uko uwakoze ibikoresho abutanga

Igihe bizamara: Amezi abiri

Ku itariki ya 12 Mutarama 1992, ambasaderi w’u Rwanda mu Bushinwa yoherereje ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda inyandiko ivuga ko yaganiriye na koloneli Chen Hong Sheng, ukuriye ishami ry’ibiro bishinzwe ibikoresho n’ubutwererane bwa gisirikare, avuga ko Ubushinwa bwiteguye « gusuzuma icyifuzo cy’u Rwanda gisaba inguzanyo izishyurwa mu gihe kirekire, yo kugura

intwaro z’abashinwa ». Casimir Bizimungu, minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga n’ubutwererane yoherereje vuba ibiri muri iyi nyandiko minisitiri w’ingabo amubwira « gutegura vuba lisiti y’intwaro igihugu cyacu gishobora kubona mu nshuti zacu z’abashinwa zigahabwa ingabo zacu

415 Koloneli Laurent Serubuga, Chef AM AR, ibarwa n° 0053/G3.3.2 yandikiye Minisitiri w’ingabo z’igihugu, Kigali itariki 12 Mutarama 1992. Impamvu: Kurinda u Rwanda ibitero biturutse mu kirere. 416 Kuri fagisi handitseho aho inyandiko itumira yavuye, n’itariki urwandiko rwandikiwe (2.9.91)

150

zirwana n’INYENZI-INKOTANYI 417

» hanyuma u Rwanda rusaba intwaro n’amasasu, harimo na za misile, rubicishije kuri ambasade ya Repubulika iharanira abaturage y’u Bushinwa mu Rwanda. Ku itariki ya 30 Mutarama 1992, ambasade y’Ubushinwa mu Rwanda yoherereje Minisitiri w’u Rwanda w’ububanyi n’amahanga ibarwa amubwira ko « Guverinoma y’Ubushinwa yemeye guha u Rwanda inguzanyo mu rwego rwa gisirikare idasaba inyungu y’amadolari y’amanyamerika

miliyoni imwe n’igice yo kugura intwaro n’amasasu mu Bushinwa (…) ikaba isaba ko Minisiteri

yoherereza bidatinze urutonde rw’intwaro n’amasasu Ingabo z’u Rwanda zikeneye418

».

Kw’itariki ya mbere Gashyantare 1992, abayobozi b’u Rwanda bakoze bivuye inyuma kugira ngo baronke ibisasu bya misile. Koko rero kuri iyo tariki, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Cazimiri Bizimungu, yandikiye mugenzi we w’Ingabo, Koloneli Ndindiriyimana, amusaba « gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo urutonde rw’intwaro n’amasasu bigomba kugurwa mu Bushinwa ruboneke vuba, mu gihe hategerejwe ko inyandiko ibemerera umwenda irangizwa

kugira ngo isinywe n’impande zombi419

».

Uwo munsi, Koloneli Ndindiriyimana yahise asubiza asobanura ibikoresho bya gisirikare « bigomba kuboneka vuba na bwangu bivuye mu Bushinwa ». Muri byo haboneka, « Ibibunda 6 bitera za misile SAM 7 cyangwa 16 n’ibindi 100 bitera misile SAM 7 cyangwa 16 »420. Kuri iyo tariki na none, Koloneli Ndindiriyimana yandikiye Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga indi baruwa yatangaga mo urutonde rw’ibikoresho bya tekiniki bya gisirikare bihwanye n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda 2 874 674 288 ariko noneho bikava mu gihugu cya Brésil. Kuri urwo rutonde hagaragara «Ibibunda 4 bitera misile SAM 16 n’ibisasu 50 bya misile SAM 16 » 421. Hanyuma gutumiza ibyo bikoresho byagejejwe na Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga kuri Ambasade y’u Rwanda, i Washington, kugira ngo ibikurikirane, kw’itariki ya 5 Gashyantare 1992 422. Mu yandi magambo, umunsi u Rwanda rusaba ibyo bibunda n’ibisasu byabyo mu Bushinwa, rwabishakiraga no muri Brésil, bikaba byerekana ko cyari ikibazo gihangayikishije cyane Ingabo z’u Rwanda na Guverinema yarwo. Hakwiye kwerekanwa, urebye ayo mabaruwa yose, ko uko kwiyongera k’urucuragano rw’Ingabo z’Igihugu kugira ngo haboneke ibisasu bya misile kongeje umurego nyuma y’ibaruwa itabaza ya Koloneli Serubuga, yo ku wa 17 Mutarama 1992, yasabaga byihutirwa cyane imbunda zikomeye zirasa indege zagereranywa cyangwa zimeze nka Roland y’Abafaransa.

417 Dr Casimir Bizimungu, minisitire w’ububanyi n’amahanga, ibarwa n° 0068/16.00.00/CAB, yandikiye minisitiri w’ingabo z’igihugu, Kigali, itariki 25 Mutarama 1992. Impamvu : Imikoranire ya gisirikare n’Ubushinwa. 418 Ambasade y’Ubushinwa mu Rwanda, Itangazo B.C.E. n° 1/92, ryo ku itariki 30 Mutarama 1992. 419 Dogiteri Casimir Bizmungu, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, kuri Bwana Minisitiri w’Ingabo z’Igihugu, ibaruwa n°0082/16.00/CAB, Kigali, 1 Gashyantare 1992 420 Koloneli BEM Minisitiri w’Ingabo z’ Igihugu, ibaruwa n°0161/02.1.9 n’Imigerekawayo kuri Bwana Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Kigali, ku wa mbere Gashyantare 1992. Impamvu : Ibikenewe mu bikoresho bya tekiniki bya gisirikare. 421 Koloneli BEM Ndindiriyimana Augustin, ibaruwa n°0160/02.1.9, Kigali, ku wa mbere Gashyantare 1992. Impamvu : Ibikenewe mu bikoresho bya tekiniki bya gisirikare. 422 Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane, FAX n°166 bis/001/CAB

151

Hanyuma, raporo ya Minisitiri w’u Rwanda w’Ingabo z’Igihugu, James Gasana, ku « miterere y’ubutwererane bw’u Rwanda n’Ubufaransa mu rwego rwa gisirikare » hagati ya 1992 n’1993 yerekana neza ibyo u Rwanda rwasabaga Ubufaransa kugira ngo rubone misile zirasa mu kirere :

« (a) Kugira ngo twongere ubushobozi bwo kwitabara, turasaba Ubufaransa kuduha

intwaro zikurikira :

- Imizinga 105 mm : 6

- Mitarayeze 12,7 mm : 30

- Mortiers 120 mm rayés : 10

- Mortiers 80 mm : 20

Uko ibintu bimeze ubu ku rugamba birerekana ko kubona iyo mizinga n’izo mitarayeze no

kubigezwaho muri iki cyumweru byihutirwa cyane rwose.

(b) Ku birebana no kurasa indege, twifuzaga kuronka ibisasu bya misile birasa mu kirere

ahantu haringaniye, tukabona ibibunda 12 n’ibisasu 150. Turasaba kandi Ubufaransa

guha batayo zacu, nibura eshatu, ibyuma bireba nijoro ».

Ibyavuye mu maperereza ya MINUAR n’ay’abigenga

Nyuma ya Jenoside, MINUAR II yashyizeho vuba itsinda ry’abahanga mu gukora amaperereza. Mu byo bakozeho hari ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyalimana. Komite yaganiriye na Kapiteni Sean Moorhouse, umusirikare mukuru mu ngabo z’Abongereza, wakoze kuri iki kibazo nk’umukozi wa MINUAR, kuva muri Nzeri 1994 kugera muri Werurwe 1995. Sean Moorhouse yabanje kwerekana ko akigera mu Rwanda, Jenerali Guy Toussignant, wasimbuye Dallaire ku buyobozi bwa MINUAR, yamusabye gushaka amakuru kw’ihanurwa ry’indege no kuri Jenoside cyane cyane. Kubera ibyo, Sean Moorhouse yakoranye n’abandi bahanga batatu ba MINUAR bakomoka muri Canada, Ostraliya no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Sean Moorhouse yabwiye Komite ko iryo tsinda rya MINUAR ryakiraga amakuru menshi cyane avuye ahantu henshi cyane hanyuma ayo makuru akajorwa, akayungururwa ndetse agasesengurwa hakagumanwa ayegereye ukuri kurusha ayandi. Ku birebana n’intwaro zirasa mu kirere Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifite, Sean Moorhouse yavuze ko abo bakoranye banditse raporo ku ntwaro Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zitunze bahereye ku makuru bahawe n’Abanyamerika muri Zayire, mu makambi y’impunzi aho ingabo z’u Rwanda zari no mu bubiko bw’intwaro zabo mu kigo cya gisirikare cy’ingabo za Zayire hafi ya Goma. Hanyuma, Sean Moorhouse yasobanuye neza ko raporo kuri izo ntwaro imaze gukorwa yayigejeje ku bamukuriye. Sean Moorhouse yemeye ko urwo rutonde ari rumwe n’urwatangajwe na Human Rights Watch uretse ibijyanye na za Mistral , we avuga ko ntazari ku rutonde yoherereje abamukuriye muri MINUAR423. Koko rero, mu Ukuboza 1994, Human Rights Watch yatangaje raporo ivuga ko Ingabo z’u Rwanda, mu kwezi kwa Mata 1994, zari zifite intwaro zirasa mu kirere zikomeye zazanye muri Zayire zimaze gutsindwa. Iyo raporo igizwe n’ibi bikurikira : 423 Ubuhamya bwa Sean Moorhouse bwakiriwe na Komite i Cotonou, ku wa 04, 05 na 06 Ukuboza 2008

152

« Abasirikare b’u Rwanda baba bagifite ibisasu bya rutura n’ibimodoka by’imitamenwa bitwara abantu bihishe mu bushyinguro bw’ibikoresho i Goma aho bakeka ko birinzwe

n’igisirikare cya Zayire. Mu butumwa bwayo mu karere, mu Ukwakira n’Ugushyingo, Human Rights Watch/Africa yabonye ibaruramutungo rirambuye ry’intwaro z’Ingabo

zahoze ari iza Guverinoma y’u Rwanda. Mu bikoresho harimo :

+ Kajugujugu 6 ( Dauphin 1, Alouette2, Gazelle 3)

+ Ibisasu birasa za Mutamenwa 50 (75mn recoilless rifles)

+ Misile 40-50 SA-7

+Misile Mistral AAM 15

+Ibisasu birasa mu kirere 46 (37mm, 23mm, 14.5 AAMG)

+ Morutsiye 255 (120 mm, 82 mm, 60mm)

+Ibisasu bya rutura 6105 mm

+Mutamenwa zitwara abantu 56 (zifite imizinga na za mitarayeze)424 ».

Iperereza rya Human Rights Watch n’ubuhamya bwa Kapiteni Sean Moorhouse bituma byumvikana ko Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifite intwaro zirasa mu kirere zikomeye kuko zari zifite za Mistral nazo zikaba intwaro zikomeye nka za SAM-16, kuko Mistral irasa mu bilometero 5 ikagira n’ibiro 20 , naho SAM-16 IGLA (URSS), yiswe Gimlet na OTAN, yo irasa mu bilometero 5, kimwe na Mistral, ikagira n’ibiro 18 425. Ibi bivuguruza ibyo Intumwa z’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko Ishinzwe Iperereza y’Ubufaransa zatangaje zivuga ko : « Ubushobozi bwo kurasa mu kirere bw’Ingabo z’u Rwanda,

bwagaragajwe na Human Rights Watch, bushobora gukemangwa kubera ko MINUAR itigeze na

rimwe inakeka ko intwaro zivugwa ziriho kugeza mu kwezi kwa Mata 1994. Ingabo z’u Rwanda

nta n’ubwo zigeze zikoresha ubwo bwoko bw’itwaro kubera ko FPR itagiraga ibirwanisho byo

mu kirere. Hanyuma raporo ya Human Rights Watch ivuga za SAM-7 cyangwa za Mistral

zonyine kandi, hakurikijwe ukuri kose gushoboka, ibisasu byakoreshejwe mw’ihanurwa

ry’indege ari ibyo mu bwoko bwa SAM-16 ‘Gimlet’ 426

». Ikosa nk’iryo ryakozwe n’umucamanza Bruguière igihe ahakana uruhare rw’ingabo z’u Rwanda mw’ihanurwa ry’indege ngo kubera ko : « Ingabo z’u Rwanda ntizagiraga mu ntwaro zazo ibisasu birasa indege, ariko zari zifite

imbunda zirasa mu kirere zisanzwe zizwi ( Mitarayeze n’imizinga irasa mu kirere) ari na zo

ziboneka mw’ibarurabintu ry’intwaro ziremereye cyangwa rusange zashinzwe MINUAR ngo

izirinde, hakaba nta gisasu na kimwe cyo mu bwoko bwa misile zirasa indege

cyabonekagamo427

».

Amakuru yatanzwe na Human Rights Watch siyo yonyine kuko misile Mistral 15 zo mu ntwaro z’ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zaravuzwe n’ingabo z’Ububiligi za MINUAR, zavugaga zibishimangira, mu gihe kitageze ku cyumweru mbere y’uko indege ihanurwa, ko i Kigali hashobora gutererwa za misile ku ndege zo mu bwoko bwa C-130 z’ingabo zirwanira mu kirere z’Ububiligi428. Kuri iyo ngingo, Intumwa za Sena y’Ububiligi zerekanye ko « zamenye ko hari

424 Human Rights Watch/Africa, « Rwanda,a new catastrophe », Ukuboza 1994, Igit. 6, N°12 425 J. Morel na G. Kapler, op. cit., urup.8 426 MIP, Raporo, urup.218 427 Jean-Louis Bruguière, Icyemezo cy’Umucamanza, urup.43 428 J. Morel na G. Kapler, op.cit., urup.16, impugukirwa 48

153

ubutumwa (télex) bwavaga kuri Wing ya 15 y’Ingabo zo mu kirere, yaciye kuri C Ops igenewe

KIBAT II. Iyo télex, yo ku wa 5 Mata, yaburiraga KIBAT II ko Indege C130 yagombaga kugera i

Kigali ku wa 6 Mata, yaba ifite ibyuma bihanitse mw’ikoranabuhanga byo kwirinda (ECM),

kubera ubwoba bw’uko C130 zacu ziri mu butumwa muri Afurika zaterwa ibisasu biturutse

hasi429

».

Hakwiye kwibutswa ko inzego zishinzwe iperereza z’Ububiligi zari zifite amakuru ahamye k’uburyo ibintu byari byifashe mu Rwanda muri politiki no mu gisirikare zahabwaga n’abasilikare b’Ababiligi bo muri MINUAR hamwe na Koloneli Vincent wari ushinzwe ubutwererane mu bya gisirikare430. Aha rero umuntu yakwemeza ko kugira ngo Ububiligi bushyire mu ndege yabwo C 130 ibyuma bipima hakiri kare aho ibisasu bya misile bituruka ari uko bwari buzi neza impamvu yabyo. Iyo mu by’ukuri hataza kubaho icyo batinyaga, nta mpamvu y’uko guteganya kutari kwarigeze kuba mbere y’ukwezi kwa Mata bwagaragara. Dallaire, ku ruhande rwe, ahamya ko Ingabo z’u Rwanda « zari zifite intwaro zirasa mu kirere n’umubare utazwi wa za misile zo mu bwoko bwa SA-7

431», izi ntwaro zirahagije kugira ngo hahanurwe indege iri hafi kugwa ku kibuga. SAM-7 Strella koko rero irasa hagati y’ibilometero 3.2 na 4.2 432, kandi hagati ya Kanombe na Masaka/Rusororo aho indege zinyura ziri hafi yo kugwa ku kibuga hari intera ya kilometero 1 upimye ikirere. Hanyuma, amaperereza yakozwe n’umunyamakuru Patrick De Saint Exupéry mu basilikare b’Abafaransa, yasanze hagati y’impera za 1993 n’intangiliro ya 1994, umuntu w’icyegera cya Paul Barril yarasabye ko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yabona za misile 2 zirasa mu kirere. Uwo muntu yabanje kubisaba umucuruzi w’intwaro, Dominique Lemonnier, hanyuma abisaba ikigo cyo mu Bufaransa cyazobereye mu kohereza hanze ibikoresho by’intambara. Patrick De Saint Exupéry asubiramo inyandiko afite y’umusilikare mukuru w’umufaransa wavuye ku rugerero ahamya ibi :

« Mbahamirije ko namenye ko hasabwe, niba nibuka neza, hagati y’Ugushyingo 1993 na

Gashyantare 1994, ko hatangwa misile ebyiri zirasa indege. Ndibuka neza ko inshuti

yanjye Dominique Lemonnier (Igisobanuro cy’Ubwanditsi(NDLR) : umugabo

w’umunyemali wacuruzaga intwaro mu Rwanda, wapfuye azize umutima wahagaze ku

wa 11 Mata 1997), yarabimbwiye icyo gihe kandi yambwiye ko iryo tumizwa ry’intwaro

rigomba kuba ryaratanzwe n’icyegera cy’uwahoze ari Kapiteni Barril : kandi ko, uko

abizi, rimaze kwangwa, hiyambajwe ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cyo mu Bufaransa, cyemewe,

kigurisha hanze ibikoresho by’intambara433

».

Mu rubanza rwa Koloneli Bagosora imbere y’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, ibaruwa ya Koloneli Serubuga yavuzwe haruguru yerekanywe n’uhagarariye umushinjacyaha nka kimwe mu bimenyimenyi by’uko ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifite za misile zirasa indege. Koloneli Bagosora yireguye avuga ko ntazo bigeze batunga

429 Raporo ya Sena y’Ububiligi, op.cit., urup.401 430 Koloneli André Vincent, Kumva ubuhamya, ku wa 09 Ugushyingo 1995, byakozwe n’ubushinjacyaha bwa Polisi mu butabera bwa gisirikare ; Inyandiko Mvugo n°1223 yo ku wa 09/11/95 (inyandiko, urubanza rwa Ntuyahaga) 431 R. Dallaire, J’ai serré la main du diable…op.cit, imp. 112-113 432 J. Morel na G. Kapler, op.cit., urup.15. Abo banditsi berekana ko za SA-7 Strela zirasa inyuma y’intego 433 Patrick De Saint Exupéry, « France-Rwanda : Dangereuses liaisons », Le Figaro, 31 Werurwe 1998

154

n’ubwo bwose bazitumije bakanaziherwa ibiciro (Facture pro forma). Uhagarariye umushinjacyaha yashimangiye ko nimero zerekana buri misile ziri ku nyemezabiciro ari zimwe n’izabonetse ku bisasu ingabo z’u Rwanda zivuga ko zatoraguye i Masaka nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege. Bagosora arasubiza : « Twagize umugambi wo gutumiza intwaro ; ntabwo twaguze. Hagati aho undi muntu yashoboraga kugura

434 » ! Ni nde wundi, mu mwanya w’Ingabo

z’igihugu, washoboye kugura za misile zifite nimero zihuye n’iz’intwaro abasirikare bakuru b’Ingabo z’u Rwanda berekanye bavuga ko ariyo yakoreshejwe mw’ihanurwa ry’indege, nk’uko uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha abivuga ? Umutangabuhamya Mugenzi Richard, wari ushinzwe ikigo cyo kumviriza no gutanga amakuru mu Ngabo z’igihugu cyari ku Gisenyi, wajyaga kandi yakira amabanga y’abasirikare bakuru bo mu ngabo z’igihugu bari bashinzwe imirimo ikomeye ya gisirikare, yavuze ko Liyetena Bizumuremyi wari ushinzwe amaperereza ya gisirikare ku Gisenyi akaba n’icyegera cya Liyetena Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva, yamubwiye, mu mwaka w’1993, ko Ingabo z’Igihugu zari zifite misile zirasa indege zahawe n’Ubufaransa. Bizumuremyi yasobanuriye neza Mugenzi Richard ko izo misile zavuye mu zo Ubufaransa bwari bwarakuye mu ntambara yo muri Irak :

« Indi nkuru namenye irebana n’intwaro zirasa indege Ingabo z’Igihugu zari zifite. Mu

mezi ya nyuma y’umwaka w’1993, sinibuka neza ukwezi, Liyetena Bizumuremyi wari

ushinzwe amaperereza ya gisilikare ku Gisenyi, twakoranaga kenshi nk’ushinzwe gufata

amakuru atangwa na za radiyo zinyuranye zikoreshwa mu itumanaho rya gisilikare,

yambwiye ko Ingabo z’igihugu zari zifite misile zirasa indege zaherukaga guhabwa

n’Ubufaransa muri iyo minsi. Bizumuremyi yavuze ibyo tuganira ku nkunga u Rwanda

rwabonaga muri icyo gihe cy’intambara. Ni bwo yashimaga cyane ubucuti bw’u Rwanda

n’Ubufaransa anashimangira cyane agaciro kabwo amenyesha ko Ubufaransa bweretse

Ingabo z’u Rwanda ubufatanye bwabwo butanga za misile zirasa indege.

BIZUMUREMYI yansobanuriye neza ko izo misile zavuye mu ntwaro Abafaransa bakuye

muri Irak yongeraho ko Abafaransa bahaye Ingabo z’uRwanda zimwe muri misile zari

muri iyo minyago. Azivuga, Bizimungu yamenyesheje ko tudakwiye guhagarika umutima

kubera ko Ingabo zacu zari zifite ibikoresho bikomeye kandi bigezweho mu rwego rwa

tekiniki n’urwa gisilikare, harimo n’intwaro zirasa mu kirere zatuma Ingabo zacu

zirwana intambara zishobora gusenya indege. Na none, igihe twari mu buhungiro muri

Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, abasilikare bakuru b’Ingabo z’u Rwanda

bavugaga kenshi impamvu yatumye batsindwa, bavuga ko babitewe no kwica mo ibice,

bamwe bagahugira mu bwicanyi no mu busahuzi aho kurwanya FPR. Muri izo mpaka,

bavugaga ubwoko bw’amasasu bari bafite, bakibutsa za misile zo ku butaka n’izo mu

kirere bari bafite kandi zarakwijwe mu bigo bya gisilikare bikomeye bya Kanombe,

Kigali ndetse no mu bashinzwe kurinda Perezida435

».

Igitangaje cyane ni uko itsinda ry’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Ubufaransa ryari rishinzwe iperereza zatangaje urutonde rwa za misile zari mu ntwaro z’ingabo za Uganda zerekana uko

434 Hirondelle, 07 Gashyantare 2006 : http://www.hirondelle.org/arusha.nsf/LookupUrlEnglish/ae1a63a52497bb724325710e 435 Ubuhamya Mugenzi Richard yahaye Komite i Kigali, ku wa 29 Ukuboza 2008

155

inimero zazo zikurikirana436, ariko zagera ku rutonde no ku nimero z’izavanywe muri Irak n’Ingabo z’Abafaransa zikaruca zikarumira. Uko kugaragaza ukuri igice kuboneka nko gushaka kuguhisha kuko hari amakuru menshi ahura n’ubwo buhamya bwa Mugenzi Richard yerekana ko Abafaransa bashobora kuba barahaye Ingabo z’u Rwanda igice cya za misile zafatiwe muri Irak.

Gutunga za misile kwa A.P.R. ntigufitiwe ibimenyetso Mu mwaka w’1995, Filip Reyntjens yabyukije ikibazo gikomeye kitigeze kibona igisubizo mbere y’uko ishyirwaho rya MIP ryerekana ibi : « (…) mu gihe abagize MINUAR

batemererwaga kugera aho indege ya Perezida yaguye, abasilikare b’Abafaransa, barimo

Komanda De Saint QUINTIN, bagiye aho indege yaguye kuva ku mugoroba w’uwa 6 Mata

banasubirayo bucyeye. Bahavanye ibimene by’ibyuma by’indege n’ibya za misile byo koherezwa

i Paris kugira ngo abahanga babyigeho. Ibyo nibyo byari gutuma hamenyekana ubwoko

bw’intwaro yakoreshejwe, ariko nta mwanzuro n’umwe wigeze ugezwa ahagaragara 437

».

Mu gihe MIP yakoraga imirimo yayo, Minisiteri y’Ingabo z’Igihugu y’Ubufaransa yahaye Intumwa z’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yabo ifishi y’amakuru iturutse mu nyandiko zishyinguye zayo ishaka «...kwerekana ko FPR yabigambanye na Perezida wa Uganda Museveni ari yo

yahanuye indege ya ba Perezida HABYALIMANA na NTARYAMIRA w’u Burundi, ku wa 6 Mata

1994, i KIGALI438

». Iyo nyandiko ya Minisiteri y’Ingabo z’Igihugu y’Ubufaransa irega ku buryo butihishiriye FPR ihereye kw’isesengura ryakorewe ibisigazwa bya za misile ryakozwe n’Abafaransa ngo byaba byaratoraguwe aho indege yaguye : « Abahanuye indege bakoresheje za SA 16 zakorewe mu Burusiya (hakurikijwe ibimanyu byatoraguwe aho indege yaguye)

439 » ; ku

rundi ruhande, ikirego gishingira ku bintu bibiri bidahagije kugira ngo byemerwe : icya mbere ni umwanzuro uvuga ko ubwo bwoko bw’intwaro nta wundi wari kubugira utari FPR kuko ngo yagombaga kuba yarazihawe n’igisirikare cya Uganda, icya kabiri ni uko Igisirikare cy’u Rwanda kitagiraga izo misile kubera ko nta ntambara yo mu kirere cyatinyaga440. Biratangaje cyane kubona raporo ya MIP ikurikira, ikirenge mu kindi, inyandiko ya Minisiteri y’Ingabo yavuzwe haruguru, yanzura nta gihamya, ko ubwoko bwa misile zahanuye Falcon 50 bwagombaga kuba ubwa FPR kuko Uganda yari izifite kandi ko Igisirikare cy’u Rwanda nta ntambara yo mu kirere cyatinyaga. Iyo mvugo idahwitse ituma hibazwa byinshi ku kuri kwaba kwaravuye muri iryo perereza ry’Abafaransa.

Ibimenyetso bidafatika bya MIP

Mu migereka ya MIP, hatangajwe inyandiko zirega FPR kuba yari itunze za misile SAM 7, SAM 14 na SAM 16, nta kwerekana ikimenyetso na kimwe kibihamya. Iya mbere ni ibaruwa ya Koloneli Sébastien Ntahobari wakoraga muri Ambasade y’u Rwanda mu Bufaransa mu rwego

436 MIP, Imigereka, urup.260 437 Filip Reytjens, Rwanda, Trois jours qui ont fait basculer l’histoire, L’Harmattan, 1995, urup.30 438 MIP, Igitabo II, Imigereka, urup.278 439 Ibidem, urup.281 440 Icyemezo cy’umucamanza Bruguière, urup.40 n’izikurikira

156

rwa gisilikare mu mwaka w’1994, yo ku wa 12 Ukwakira 1998, yandikiwe Depite Paul Quilès, ivuga ibikurikira :

« Ikoresheje za misile SAM 7 na SAM 14, FPR yahanuye : - indege y’ubutasi BN2A-21 i

Matimba hafi ya Kagitumba, ku wa 07 Ukwakira 1990. – Kajugjugu Gazelle SA342M i

Nyakayaga hafi ya Gabiro, ku wa 23 Ukwakira 1990. (…) Ingabo zirwanira ku butaka

zahanyaze imbunda zirenga indwi zari zakoreshejwe na FPR iturasira indege. Ibyo

bitembo bya za misile kimwe n’ibindi bikoresho by’intambara byanyazwe umwanzi

byamaze igihe kirekire mu cyumba cy’Ishuri Rikuru rya Gisilikare aho Abadepite b’u

Rwanda n’Abahagarariye Ibihugu byabo mu Rwanda babishaka bari bemerewe

kubireba. Birumvikana ko ibigize ibyo bikoresho by’intambara byoherejwe i Paris kugira

ngo abahanga babyigeho binyujijwe ku mukozi wa Ambasade y’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda

wari ushinzwe ibya gisilikare icyo gihe, Koloneli Galinié ».

Koloneli Ntahobari nta cyemezo na kimwe atanga ku byo avuga, ashimishwa gusa no kwerekana ko kugera mu kwezi kwa Nzeri 1992 yategekaga indege za gisilikare z’u Rwanda, ko kubera ibyo rero yari « uwa mbere urebwa n’amakuba bene izo ntwaro zari gutera mu ntambara ». Inyandiko ebyiri zifite irango ry’imigereka ya MIP zemeza ko abayobozi b’ingabo z’Abafaransa bari mu Rwanda icyo gihe bari batunze Misile SAM-16 ari yo Ingabo z’u Rwanda zivuga ko zanyaze FPR441. Ubwa mbere hari telegaramu ebyiri zo mu rwego rw’ibanishabihugu zo ku wa 19 no ku wa 22 Gicurasi 1991 zanditswe na Koloneli Galinié yandikira abamukuriye avuga ko « intwaro irasa indege y’Abasoviyeti yo mu bwoko bwa S.A. 16 (…)yanyazwe inyeshyamba ku

wa 18 Gicurasi 1991 bakubitaniye mu cyanya cy’Akagera » agasobanura ko « iyo ntwaro ari nshya » kandi ko « inkomoko yayo ishobora kuba ari Uganda ». Iyo telegaramu ishimangira ko « Ibiro bikuru by’Ingabo z’u Rwanda byiteguye gushyikiriza ushinzwe ibya gisilikare muri Ambasade y’Ubufaransa imwe muri izo ntwaro », bikaba bisobanura ko Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zitunze misile nyinshi z’ubwo bwoko kuko zivuga ko zari ziteguye kwoherereza Abafaransa « intwaro imwe muri izo442 » . Inyandiko ya kabiri ni ibaruwa yakurikiye telegaramu za Koloneli Galinié, yanditswe na Jenerali Christian Quesnot, umuyobozi wihariye w’Ibiro bya Perezida Mitterand, aho amenyesha ko « ikindi gitero cy’inyeshyamba z’abatutsi na Uganda cyagabwe ku wa 17 no ku wa 18 Gicurasi mu Majyaruguru y’i Burasirazuba bw’u RWANDA » muri icyo gitero « Ibikoresho byinshi byanyagiwe mw’ikotaniro. Muri byo hari Misile SAM 16 igendanwa iheruka gukorwa (aho

irasa : 5 Km). Jenerali Quesnot akongera : « Ibyo bikoresho, bishya kandi bishobora kuba byaraturutse muri Uganda, byerekana icyerekezo gishya kandi giteye inkeke cy’imfashanyo

amahanga aha inyeshyamba. Mu gihe ubufatanye bwa Uganda bwaba bwemejwe kuri iyi ngingo

isobanutse, byaba ngombwa kubonana by’umwihariko na Perezida MUSEVENI443

».

441 TD N°145/AD/RWA na TD n°148/AD/RWA ya Koloneli René Galinié, ushinzwe ibya gisilikare akanayobora ibiro by’ubutwererane mu bya gisilikare, 19 Gicurasi1991 na 22 Gicurasi 1991 ; TD ya Koloneli Bernard Cussac, ushinzwe ibya gisilikare, 10 Kanama 1991 na 13 Kanama 1991 ; Ibaruwa ya Jenerali Christian Quesnot, umuyobozi w’Ibiro Bikuru by’Ingabo wihariye wa Perezida wa Repubulika, 23 Gicurasi 1991. 442 J. Morel na G. Kapler, « A propos d’un missile Sam-16 ‘trouvé’ par les FAR en 1991 », inyandiko , 04 Kamena 2005 443 Jenerali Quesnot, Ibaruwa yandikiwe Bwana Perezida wa Repubulika, 23 Gicurasi 1991.

157

Indi nyandiko yindi ni telegaramu ya Koloneli Bernard Cussac, wasimbuye Koloneli Galinié ku mwanya w’ushinzwe igisilikare, ivuga ibyavuye mw’ibazwa yakoreye abafatiwe ku rugamba ba FPR bari bafungiwe mu magereza y’u Rwanda : « Ku birebana n’aho misile FPR yakoresheje zaturutse, umunyururu umwe, Gasore John, wategekaga kompanyi mu Nkotanyi arangije

amahugurwa y’ « abasanzwe mu gisilikare » muri NRA, yatangaje ko azi SA 16. FPR yaba

yaratunzemo zimwe kuva ku wa 4 Ukwakira imaze kuzigura i Bulayi n’abazicuruza

magendu444 ».

Iyi telegaramu yakurikiwe n’indi yo ku wa 13 Kanama 1991, muri yo Koloneli Cussac akaba yarabazaga uburyo yakoresha ngo atware iyo misile SA 16 mu Bufaransa, anavuga ko abura ko « bishobora gutera amakuba kujyana iyo misile inyuze muri V.A

445. mu gihe yaba yabiteguriwe.

Icyaba cyiza ni uko haza inzobere ikayirebera aho iri, ikiga uburyo yatwarwa ». Koloneli Cussac arangiza ibaruwa ye amenyesha ko yari yasabye Ambasade y’Ubufaransa muri Uganda « gushaka amakuru ajyanye n’iyo mashini NRA n’igihugu cyayitanze. Ku nkuru yatanzwe

n’imfungwa y’intambara ifungiye i Kigali yabajijwe na A.D. havuyemo ko FPR yaba yaratunze

izisa na yo kuva ku wa 4 Ukwakira 1990 imaze kuzigura i Bulayi n’abacuruzi b’intwaro446

». Iyindi nyandiko ivugwa na MIP ni ibaruwa yo ku wa 07 Nyakanga 1998 yanditswe na Jenerali Mourgeon igenewe Depite Bernard Cazeneuve isubiramo ay’ingenzi mu makuru akubiye mu buhamya bwa ba Koloneli Cussac na Galinié iyasobanura neza ndetse inayanoza :

« Hari za misile zo mu bwoko bwa SA 16 Ingabo z’u Rwanda zashoboye kunyaga APR

mu mirwano. Koko rero, nyuma yo gutsindwa kwa FPR mu gitero cya mbere yagabye ku

wa mbere Ukwakira 1990 mu MUTARA(Amajyaruguru y’i Burasirazuba bw’u Rwanda ),

icyuma kibuza gushyuha SA 16 cyabonywe aho ingabo zarwaniye mu

Ugushyingo ;byatumye hafatwa umwanzuro w’uko ubwo bwoko bw’intwaro bwari mu

bikoresho ingabo zateye zakoreshaga ( iz’u Rwanda ? iza Uganda447

?). Inkuru yemejwe

muri Mata ubwo hatorwaga SA 16 yabonekaga ko ari nshya mu cyanya cy’AKAGERA

(amajyaruguru yerekeza mu burasirazuba). Ibiro Bikuru by’Ingabo z’u Rwanda

byashatse kuyohereza mu Bufaransa (telegaramu yo ku wa 18 Gicurasi 1991) butagize

igisubizo butanga. Nk’uko inzobere zaje kuyirebera aho yari iri zibivuga, icyuma cyo

kubuza gushyuha iyo mbunda cyari cyarapfuye bigatuma itarashoboraga gukora.

Igisilikare cy’u Rwanda cyaba cyarashoboye kunyaga APR izindi misile zisa nayo 448

(…) ».

Ibikubiye muri iyo nyandiko ya Jenerali Mourgeon, yanditswe nyuma y’imyaka ine ibintu bibaye, irasobanura neza ko Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zaranyaze FPR misile nyinshi SA 16 nshya bikaba byaratumaga, niba koko iryo nyaga ryari ukuri, Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifite izo ntwaro mu bikoresho byazo bya gisilikare muri Mata 1994. Inyandiko ya Jenerali Mourgeon yongera gutera urujijo iyo ivuga ko misile yanyazwe FPR muri Mata 1991 kandi za telegaramu zo mu rwego mpuzabihugu za Koloneli Galinié zo ku wa 19 no ku wa 22 Gicurasi zerekana neza ko SA

444 MIP, Igitabo II, Imigereka, impap. 267-268 445 Inzira y’Ikirere (Voie Aérienne) 446 MIP, Igitabo II, urup.257 447 Ni twe duca umurongo kuri uko gushidikanya kwa Jenerali Mourgeon 448 MIP, Igitabo I, Raporo, urup.216

158

16 yanyazwe FPR mu gitero cyo ku wa 18 Gicurasi 1991. Kuki hari imbusane z’amatariki ku kibazo nk’iki gikomeye ? Ikibazo cy’inzobere zaba zarasuzumye misile zigasanga itakoraga na cyo ntigifututse. Ni bande ? Bakoreraga nde ? Izo nzobere zibaye ari Abafaransa, ntawe utakwibaza niba baravuye mu Rwanda, muri icyo gihe cy’intambara, batigishije inshuti zabo zo mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda uko barashisha SA 16 bari bafite.

Hanyuma, hakwiye kwerekanwa ko kuva mu Ukwakira 1990, abayobozi bo hejuru cyane mu Rwanda bavugaga ko FPR ifite za misile, bikaba byatuma umuntu atekereza ko mu gihe bimeze bityo, abo bayobozi nabo bashishikajwe no kubona intwaro nk’izo ngizo kugira ngo bashobore kurwanya FPR : « itangazamakuru, ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga byashoboye gufotora no kugenzura muri iyi minsi ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zafashe intwaro zigezweho kandi za gihanga

zirimo izitera za misile mu kirere ahantu kure haringaniye449

», ibi byavuzwe na Perezida Habyalimana mu butumwa bwe bwari bugenewe Abanyarwanda ku wa 29 Ukwakira 1990.

Ikinyoma kuri misile yabonetse mu Kagera mu mwaka w’i 1991

Imigereka ya MIP ivuga ko abasililare b’Abafaransa batoye misile SA 16 nshya mu karere k’icyanya cy’Akagera. Hahimbwe ko kubera igitero cy’ingabo za FPR, ingabo z’u Rwanda zaba zarashyamiranye n’iza FPR ku matariki ya 18 n’iya 19 Mata 1991. Icyo gitero cya FPR bavuga ntikigeze kibaho kuko, kw’itariki ya 29 Werurwe 1991, amasezerano yo guhagarika imirwano yasinywe hagati y’impande zombi kandi yari agishyirwa mu bikorwa muri Gicurasi 1991. Muri ayo matariki yavuzwe mbere, nta kurenga kuri ayo masezerano kwigeze kumenyeshwa n’Ingabo z’u Rwanda cyangwa izindi ndorerezi ku matariki ya 18 na 19 Gicurasi 1991 mu cyanya cy’Akagera. Gukozanyaho no kurenga ku masezerano y’ihagarikwa ry’imirwano bizwi byigeze kuba bikanatangazwa, ni ibyabaye mu matariki ya 30 Mata 1991 mu makomini ya Kidaho na Butaro450. Biragaragara rero ko iryo shyamirana ryo ku wa18 Mata 1991 ryahimbwe n’abasilikare b’Abafaransa n’abahoze bayobora u Rwanda kugira ngo bemeze abantu ko hari misile yabonetse ahabereye imirwano bagamije kuyitirira FPR no kwemeza uruhare rwa Uganda mu ntambara.

Kudatangaza ibaruwa ya Jenerali Quesnot yemeza ko Ingabo z’u Rwanda

zifite misile nshya biteye amakenga

Kw’itariki ya 19 Gicurasi, Jenerali Christian Quesnot, Umukuru w’Ibiro Bikuru bya Gisilikare wihariye wa Perezida wa Repubulika y’Ubufaransa, François Mitterand, kuva mu mwaka w’1991 kugera mu w’1995, yatanze ubuhamya muri MIP maze yirinda kuvuga ko yigeze kwandika ibaruwa igenewe Perezida Mitterand, ku wa 21 Gicurasi 1991, amumenyesha ko mu Rwanda habonetse misile SAM 16 nshya cyangwa itarakoreshwa. Igihe bamwumvaga, Jenerali Quesnot yavuze gusa ko yamenyesheje François Mitterrand itoragurwa ry’ibimene bya misile

449 Byavuye mu butumwa bugenewe Abanyarwanda bwatanzwe na Perezida wa Repubulika, byandikwa na Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’u Rwanda, inyandiko yo ku mashini 450 G. Kapler na J. Morel, A propos d’un missile Sam 16 trouvé par les FAR en 1991, 04 Kamena 2005

159

byabonetse mu Rwanda maze ntiyarushya ahingutsa iyo misile SAM 16 nshya yari mu maboko y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda. MIP ivuga itya mu magambo make ubuhamya bwa Jenerali Quesnot :

« Hanyuma Jenerali Christian Quesnot yasesenguye ubundi buryo bushoboka bwatuma

abantu bemera ko indege yaba yarahanuwe na FPR. Yibukije ko indege yendaga kugwa

ari nijoro, hari umuvuduko ifite, ko nta yindi mbunda yayirashe atari Misile iri ku butaka

irasa mu kirere, nka SAM 16, irasa ahantu hagera ku bilometero bitanu. Yavuze ku

ibaruwa yari yandikiye Perezida wa Repubulika muri Gicurasi 1991, igihe ibimanyu

by’ibyuma bitakara barasa za misile byari byabonywe ubwa mbere ku butaka bw’u

Rwanda451

». Uko kugira ibyo aceceka abigambiriye kwa Jenerali Quesnot imbere ya MIP, ntamenyekanishe ko hari misile SAM 16 nshya iri mu maboko y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege, kurerekana ko Jenerali Quesnot yari agambiriye kuryitirira FPR kubera ko ari yo yonyine yakekwagaho gutunga iyo ntwaro muri icyo gihe. Biratangaje kandi kubona ko iyo baruwa itashyizwe mu migereka ya MIP nk’uko byagenze ku zindi nyandiko zitari nke zijyanye n’inshingano yari ifite. N’ubwo bwose biruhije kumenya icyateye MIP kudatangaza iyo nyandiko, ntawashidikanya ko iyo itangazwa byari gutera ipfunwe Jenerali Quesnot n’abaregaga bose FPR kuko iyo nyandiko yashoboraga kwerekana ko Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zitunze misile nshya itarakoreshwa, imyaka itatu mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege !

Kwivuguruza cyangwa ibinyoma bya Koloneli Bernard Cussac

MIP yasanze ko uwungirije uwatwaraga indege Falcon ya Perezida w’u Rwanda, Jean-Pierre Minaberry, yari yerekanye ko afite impungenge ku mutekano we kuko yatekerezaga ko FPR yari ifite za misile SAM 7 kandi ko yari yasabye, mw’ibaruwa yandikiye inshuti ye, Kapiteni Bruno Ducoin wahoze ari impuguke mu bya gisilikare mu ndege z’u Rwanda, « ko hagira igikorwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki kugira ngo birinde icyo cyago

452». Jean-Pierre Minaberry yasobanuraga neza

mw’ibaruwa ye ko inkuru y’uko FPR ifite za misile SAM 7 ko atari za SAM 16, yayihawe na Koloneli Bernard CUSSAC : « (…) Ni wowe mbwira : Uribuka misile bari bafite mu Majyaruguru ubwo bahanuraga Islander na kajugujugu. Mbwira ubushobozi bw’izo misile,

CUSSAC yambwiye SAM 7 ? Ariko avuga ko nta SAM 16 zigeze zibaho453

». Nyamara, ibyabaye ni uko Koloneli Bernard Cussac, muri telegaramu yo ku wa 13 Kanama 1991, yatangajwe na MIP, impamvu yayo ari «gusubirana no kujyana misile SA 16 454» mu byo yasabaga harimo ko haza inzobere ikareba uko gutwara iyo misile byashoboka. Ikindi kitari ugusubirana iyo misile SA 16, Koloneli Bernard Cussac ashyigikira mu yindi telegaramu yo ku wa 10 Kanama 1991 ko imfungwa y’intambara yitwa Gasore John yaba yaravuze ko FPR yari ifite misile SAM 16 yaguze mu Bulayi455. Kuki rero Koloneli Bernard

451 MIP, Igitabo III, Kumva ubuhamya, Igitabo 1, urup. 343 452 G. Kapler, J. Morel, Ku bijyanye….. , Ibidem 453 Byavuye mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 28 Gashyantare 1994 y’uwafashaga gutwara indege J.P. MINABERRY yatangajwe na MIP, Igitabo 2, urup.238 454 MIP, Iperereza ku mahano yabaye mu Rwanda, Igitabo II, imigereka, urup.257 455 Ibidem, urup 256

160

Cussac, wari ufite umwanya ukomeye nk’ushinzwe ibya gisilikare muri Ambasade y’Ubufaransa, afite ibihamya bibiri byerekana ko FPR yari ifite za misile SAM 16, yaba yarabeshye utwara indege Falcon ya Perezida kandi byarashoboraga kuvutsa ubuzima Abafaransa, ndetse bahoze ari abasilikare, maze akirengera urupfu rwabo ? Cyangwa se yaba yarabwiye ukuri pilote Jean-Pierre Minaberry ? Icyo gihe rero, ibiregwa FPR ko yari itunze za SAM 16 byahita bivaho. Uko kwivuguruza kuva he ? Misile SA 16 yitwa ko yabonywe mu cyanya cy’Akagera n’Ingabo z’Abafaransa yaba ikomoka hehe ? Georges Kapler na Jacques Morel bemeza ko ibonwa rya misile SAM 16 n’ingabo z’Abafaransa mu cyanya cy’Akagera ryaba ahubwo ari ikinyoma cyari kigamije kwemeza ko Uganda yahaga FPR intwaro kandi ko iyo misile yaba mu by’ukuri yaravuye muri za misile Ingabo z’Ubufaransa zanyaze muri Irak. Aba banditsi babiri babyerekana batya :

« (…)MIP 456

ntabwo yatangaje urutonde rwa za misile zafatiwe muri Irak kandi

zararugejejweho. Urukomatane rw’izo mbusane mu bivugwa, guceceka ibintu nkana no

kwemeza ibyo bafindafindiye aho vuba vuba bituma hakwiye gufatwa uyu mwanzuro : - Ibonwa rya misile SAM 16 ku wa 18 Kamena 1991 rirasa nk’aho ari ibintu

byaremaremwe n’abasilikare b’Abafaransa bahereye kuri misile imwe cyangwa nyinshi

zavuye muri Irak.

- Nta shiti iryo remarema rigamije kwemeza ko Uganda yijanditse mu ntambara..

- Misile Ouganda na FPR baba baragize ni SAM 7 ntabwo ari SAM 16. Ingingo

abayobozi b’Abafaransa batanga zigamije kwemeza ko FPR yaba yarahanuye indege ku

wa 6 Mata 1994 ikoresheje misile SAM 16 nta kizere zifitiwe457

».

Koko rero, kuba Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifite misile SAM 16 zanyazwe muri Irak n’Ubufaransa byemezwa n’ibimenyetso binyuranye : kw’ikubitiro, hari Umwalimu muri Kaminuza Reyntjens, usubiramo ibyavuye mu nzego z’iperereza za gisilikare z’Abongereza, Abanyamerika n’Ababiligi, werekana ko hari misile zanyazwe muri Irak n’Ubufaransa muri Gashyantare 1991, igihe cy’intambara yo mu Kigobe, zahawe u Rwanda458. Ukurikira ni Mugenzi Richard, wari ushinzwe ikigo cyo kumviriza amakuru muri radiyo cy’Ingabo z’u Rwanda cyari ku Gisenyi, hagati y’umwaka w’1990 n’uw’1994, wabwiye Komite ko Suliyetena Bizumuremyi wari inshuti, akaba n’icyegera cya Liyetena Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva, wategekaga akarere ka gisilikare anashinzwe amaperereza ya gisilikare mu karere ka Gisenyi, yamubwiye ko igisilikare cy’u Rwanda gitunze za misile zanyazwe n’Ubufaransa mu ntambara yo muri Irak459.

Ugushidikanya kwa Jenerali Ndindiriyimana kuri misile zaba zitunzwe na

FPR

Umucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguière wayoboye komisiyo y’iperereza Arusha yumvise abantu benshi bahafungiwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda barimo Jenerali Augustin Ndindiriyimana, wahoze ayobora Ibiro Bikuru bya Jandarumori y’u Rwanda. Ndindiliyimana yumviswe ku wa 19 Gicurasi 2000. Yatanze ubuhamya budashidikanywaho

456 Intumwa z’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Ubufaransa zishinzwe Iperereza 457 G. Kapler, J. Morel, Ku byerekeye…, Op.cit.., urup. 16 458 MIP, igitabo II, imigereka, urup. 239 459 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 24 Nzeri 2008

161

bwerekana ko ntakigaragaza ko FPR ifite misile, cyane cyane ko hari indege z’ingabo z’u Rwanda zahanuzwaga amasasu ariko bakabeshya ko zarashwe na za misile : Ikibazo : Ingabo z’Igihugu z’u Rwanda zagiraga ibibunda birasa za misile ?

Igisubizo : Oya, mu by’ukuri simbyemera ; hari hashize imyaka icumi ntari mu gisilikare

kandi na nyuma sinakigiyemo. Ibyo ari byo byose, muri Jandarumori, nta misile twari

dufite, keretse niba zaratanzwe n’Ubufaransa, ibyo ari byo byose ni Ubufaransa

bwaduhaga intwaro.

Ikibazo : FPR hari za misile yari ifite ?

Igisubizo : Barabivuze. Barabivuze kandi batanga n’ingero z’ikoreshwa ry’izo misile.

Jyewe ndavuga ko hari ibyo bavuga bitari byo. Bavuga indege ya mbere yahanuriwe i

Matimba, hari ku mupaka na Uganda, ko ari za misile zayihanuye. Oya, jyewe, nagiye

kureba iyo ndege mu ntangiriro, yahanuwe n’amasasu. Ariko izindi, birashoboka rwose

ko byaba byarakozwe. Hari kajugujugu ebyiri. Hanyuma, bavuze izo misile. Ariko, jyewe,

navugaga ko MINUAR itakwemera ibyo bintu, ko bazana za misile mu Nteko Ishinga

Amategeko. Nari mfitiye icyizere gisesuye abayobozi bakuru ba MINUAR.

Ikibazo : Hari inkuru nyazo mwabonye zijyanye n’uko mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko

hari za misile ?

Igisubizo : Mu by’ukuri, narabyumvise, babivuga ariko : ni kanaka wabimbwiye,

byangora kubibabwira.

Ikibazo : Yego. Hari inkuru wumvise kw’iraswa, iraswa rya za misile ku ndege ya

Zayire, hafi ya…hafi ya Goma ?

Igisubizo : Yego, ariko sinkeka ko yaba ari misile. Habayeho kurasa indege ya Demba,

uwitwa Demba. Ariko ndakeka ko ari ukurasa amasasu, kuko indege, kubera ko indege

itatobotse. Hari indege yatobotse, yagarutse yagarutse kongera kugwa i Goma, oya ?

Ikibazo : Birashoboka.

Igisubizo : Ah, iyo iba misile, nemera ko itari gushobora kugaruka ku kibuga cy’indege.

Mu byavuzwe aha hejuru, harimo : - Ko Abafaransa basabye MINUAR gukora « bonyine » iperereza ku buryo indege yahanuwe

Jenerali Dallaire ntiyabyemera kubera ko Abafaransa babogamye; MINUAR ibagejejeho icyifuzo cyo gushinga iperereza abantu bigenga badafite aho babogamiye ntibabyitaho ;

- Ko Ingabo z’u Rwanda zangiye MINUAR kugera aho indege yahanukiye kugira ngo izakore nta nkomyi iperereza ryigenga kandi ritabogamye;

- Ko Abafaransa bonyine bemerewe kugera aho indege yahanukiye kandi ko batoraguye

ibimene by’ibisasu n’iby’igikankara cy’indege, ndetse n’agasanduku kirabura ; - Ko inzego za Minisiteri y’Ingabo y’Ubufaransa zavuze ko ibimene bya za misile Abafaransa

bahasanze byazeretse ko ari ibya misile SAM 16 yakozwe n’Abasoviyeti ;

162

- Ko ikozanyaho hagati ya FPR na FAR rivugwa ku wa 18 Gicurasi 1991 hakavugwa ko ari nacyo gihe habonywe misile mu cyanya cy’Akagera ritigeze ribaho, ko ahubwo ari ikinyoma Ingabo z’u Rwanda zahimbye, zifashijwe n’abasilikare b’Abafaransa, kugira ngo bemeze ko Uganda ifite uruhare mu ntambara y’u Rwanda. Ntawe uribagirwa igitero cya balinga cyo ku wa 5 Ukwakira 1990 cyitiriwe FPR, havugwa ko yateye Kigali, cyakorewe kubonera impamvu ifatwa ry’Abatutsi batagira ingano no guhuruza ingabo z’Abafaransa n’iz’Abazayirwa ;

- Ko iriya misile SAM 16 « nshya » bahimba ko yabonywe mu cyanya cy’Akagera yari ifitwe

n’Ingabo z’u Rwanda cyangwa abasilikare b’Abafaransa igihe indege yahanurwaga ; - Ko Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifite misile zo mu bwoko bwa MISTRAL zakorewe mu

Bufaransa, zishobora nazo guhanura indege ; - Ko Ubufaransa bwahaye Ingabo z’u Rwanda za misile SAM 16 zaturutse muzari zanyazwe

muri Irak mu mwaka w’1988 zigakoreshwa muri Gashyantare 1991 mu ntambara yo mu Kigobe ;

- Ko Ubufaransa butigeze bumenyesha icyo izo misile zakoze hagati ya Gashyantare 1991 na

Mata 1994 ; - Ko Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zifite inzobere mu bya gisilikare bize mu Bufaransa cyangwa mu

Bushinwa no muri Koreya ibyo gukoresha za misile zo ku butaka zirasa indege.

Ahantu misile zarasiye indege ya Falcon.

Mu bibazo by’ingenzi bijyanye n’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida, kugena ahantu misile zarasiwe byafashije kumenya abahanuye indege. Ni yo mpamvu, tugiye kureba neza no gusesengura ahantu hanyuranye havuzwe mu buhamya Komite yegeranyije. Duhereye ku byanditswe kugeza ubu kw’ihanurwa ry’indege, ku banditsi, nta shiti ko misile zahanuye indege zarasiwe ku musozi wa Masaka460, mu kabaya gatandukanya umusozi wa Masaka na Rusororo ahari, mu 1994, umushinga witwa « CEBOL » cyangwa Ikigo cy’Ubworozi bw’Inka zo Gukama (Centre d’Elevage de Bovins Laitiers).

Masaka-CEBOL

Masaka ni umusozi wenda gutegana n’uwa Rusororo maze aho ishorera yombi hakaba umusozi wa Kanombe uriho ikibuga mpuzamahanga gifite umuhanda w’indege umwe rukumbi kikaba, mu mwaka w’1994, cyaritwaga ikibuga cy’indege Grégoire Kayibanda. Indege zikigwaho zikurikira ubusanzwe inzira ituruka i Burasirazuba igana i Burengerazuba (bita mu magambo ya tekinike Piste 28 na Piste 10, iyo bivuzwe muri za dogere (degrés ). Indege zikurikira iyo nzira

460 Monique Mas, Paris Kigali 1990-1994. iny. yav., urup. 369 ; Linda Melvern , Conspiracy to murder, the Rwandan genocide, urup.135 ; Reyntjens, Rwanda, trois jours qui ont fait basculer l’histoire, impap.25-27

163

kugira ngo zitanyura hejuru y’umujyi wa Kigali cyane cyane kugira ngo zidaca hejuru y’imisozi ine miremire iwukikije mu Burengerazuba bwawo : Rebero (1 809m), Kigali (1 856m), Shyorongi (2 000m ), Jali (2 042m). Abatazi Kigali, nk’umucamanza w’Umufaransa, Jean-Louis Bruguière461, cyangwa uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’Ubutwererane w’Ubufaransa, Bernard Debré462, iyo bemeza ko ikibuga cy’indege cya Kigali gifite imihanda ibiri cyangwa ko indege zabujijwe kugwa zituruka mu Burengerazuba ( inzira 10 ) ku mategeko ya FPR kugira ngo bizayorohere guhanura indege ya Perezida, usanga binyuranye rwose n’ukuri. Batayo ya FPR yari i Kigali guhera ku wa 28 Ukuboza 1993 ifite inshingano zo kurinda abayobozi ba FPR bagombaga kujya mu nzego z’inzibacyuho nta kintu na kimwe yigeze ishegera mu bijyanye no kugwa kw’indege ku kibuga cya Kanombe. Icyo FPR yasabye cyonyine, kubera umutekano wayo, ni uko nta ndege zajya zica hejuru y’inyubako ya CND463. Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amakarita n’ibishushanyo, iyo indege ijya kugwa ku kibuga cy’i Kigali inyura hejuru y’misozi iciye bugufi ya Muyumbu na Kabuga ( 1 608m ), kimwe n’uwa Rusororo, i Burasirazuba bwa Masaka ( 1 552m ), mbere yo kugera ku murambi wa Kanombe ahari ikibuga. Mbere gato ya Kanombe, hagati ya Rusororo na Masaka, hari akabande kanyuramo akagezi hakaba harabaga umushinga wa Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi w’Ubworozi bw’intangarugero witwa CEBOL (Ikigo cy’Ubworozi bw’Inka zo Gukama) ufite inka zigera kw’ijana n’abakozi bagera kuri 20. Aho hantu hari hateye ubwatsi bw’inka hari n’ibiraro, amacumbi y’abaganga bazo hamwe n’ay’abashumba. Umuhanda wa Leta wa kabulimbo Kigali- Rwamagana unyura mu nsi y’umusozi wa Rusororo, kuri metero 300 uvuye kuri CEBOL, ugahuzwa na Masaka n’agahanda k’ibitaka kambuka akabande, kagakikira CEBOL ho metero nkeya, hanyuma kakazamuka kagana Santere ya Masaka, ku maduka no ku biro byayo. Havuzwe ko, n’ubwo iyo mvugo isa n’iyamamajwe nta bushishozi buhagije, ibisasu byo mu bwoko bwa misile byahanuye indege ya Perezida byarashwe bituruka kuri CEBOL, mu yandi magambo kuri icyo kiraro cy’inka. Ni ngombwa gusobanura ko umuhanda ujya aho hantu wagendwaga cyane kubera ibikorwa bya Leta, ubucuruzi n’ubuhinzi byari bihari. Abanyacyubahiro benshi bo ku ngoma y’icyo gihe, abasivili n’abasilikare, bari bafite ingo nkuru cyangwa iza kabiri i Masaka cyangwa se barahatuje bene wabo, bituma barahagendaga buri gihe. I Masaka hari kandi i vuliro rikomeye muri ako karere n’Ikigo cy’imfubyi kitiriwe Mutagatifu Agata, cyasurwaga cyane kikaba cyari igikorwa cya muka Perezida Habyalimana ; cyakiraga cyane cyane imfubyi z’abasilikare bo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda bapfiraga ku rugamba. Inzira yonyine yaganaga ibyo bigo yanyuraga kuri CEBOL.

461 Jean-Louis Bruguière : Icyemezo cy’umucamanza cyo ku wa 17 Ugushyingo 2006, urup.45. Na none muri Komisiyo y’iperereza, i Arusha, muri TPR, ku wa 18/5/2000, Jean-Louis Bruguière yabajije Bagosora ikibazo gikurikira : « Waba uzi igihe FPR yategekeye ko indege ziva cyangwa ziza i Kanombe zajya zinyura inzira imwe

yonyine. Ku zihe mpamvu ? » 462 Bernard Debré yanditse ibikurikira : « Hashize igihe amayira y’indege zagombaga kugwa i Kanombe yarahindutse bisabwe naFPR : aho gufatira inzira i burengerazuba ,indege zizajya – ibiri amambu - ziyifatira i

Burasirazuba. » (Le retour du Mwami : La vraie histoire des génocides rwandais, Ramsay 1998, cyongeye gucapwa kwa Jean Claude Gawsewitch, 2006, Paris, urup. 98). 463 Ubuhamya bwa Koloneli Andrew Kagame bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 28 Ugushyingo 2008

164

Muri rusange, abatangabuhamya bavuga ko ahantu hitwa kuri kilometero19, mw’isangano ry’umuhanda mukuru Kigali-Rwamagana n’umuhanda w’ibitaka ugana i Masaka, hari bariyeri yari imaze igihe kirekire ihashyizwe464. Bamenyesha kandi ko i Masaka, ku kibuga kiri inyuma y’ahahoze ibiro by’umurenge, hahoraga imyitozo n’amahugurwa bya gisilikare byatangwaga n’abasilikare b’Abafaransa. Abo basilikare bari abo mu ishami ry’ingoboka mu bya gisilikare no mu by’inyigisho ( DAMI ) bigishaga Ingabo z’u Rwanda. Bemeza ko ikirere indege yahanuriwemo nta bicu byakirangwagamo uwo mugoroba ku buryo habonaga neza. Benshi muri bo bavuga ko babonye umubare w’ibisasu byarashwe ku ndege ndetse/cyangwa bakumva inshuro byaturitse, hamwe n’intera y’igihe byakurikiranye mu kuraswa. Barangiza bavuga ko hahise hakurikiraho urufaya rw’amasasu rwakwiriye hose indege ikimara guhanuka n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ryatangiye muri iryo joro rigakomeza umurego rigenda ryiyongera bikabije mu minsi yakurikiye iryo hanurwa ry’indege. Ku birebana by’umwihariko n’umunsi w’uwa 06 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya Paul Henrion avuga ko uwo munsi, saa mbili za mu gitondo, ubwo yanyuraga mu muhanda Kigali-Rwamagana ajya ku kiyaga cya Muhazi, yabonye agatsiko k’abasilikare bambaye ingofero zirabura z’abacunga Perezida. Yarashigutse abonye ko babiri muri bo bategeye ingofero iburyo « nk’Abafaransa » ikiberekana kiboneka neza. Agarutse, mu ma saa mbili y’ijoro, abona ka gatsiko k’abasilikare kakiri hahandi yabasize :

« Kw’itariki ya 06 Mata 1994, nagiye ku kiyaga cya Muhazi hagati ya saa moya n’igice

na saa tatu. Nsohoka muri Kigali kuri Rwandex, hari bariyeri. Mw’ikoni rigana ku

kibuga cy’indege, na none bariyeri. Ngeze ku ruganda Gutanit rwakoraga amabati mu

mfunzo, aho winjirira ujya i Masaka, mbona mu nsi y’ipompo ya robine, iruhande

rw’agati gato, amajipe abiri n’abasilikare, abarinda Perezida bambaye ingofero

zirabura ; muri bo, mbonamo babiri batambaye ingofero nk’abandi. Ntibari baziteze

nk’Ababiligi cyangwa ngo bazitege nk’Abanyarwanda. Bari bazitegeye ku rundi ruhande,

nuko ndavuga nti : dore re : ni ibiki ? Mbona mw’ijipe ihema ritwikiriye mitarayeze

y’iminwa ine.

Ngeze i Kabuga, harya neza neza ku mumanuko, mbona umuzinga urasa indege na bya

bimodoka bya mutamenwa umunwa ureba hejuru. Ngarutse, nongeye kubona wa

muzinga. Aho kurebeshwa aherekeye kuri 27, wari werekejwe ku kibuga cy’indege,

umunwa ureba hejuru. Ngeze ahari mitarayeze, mbona ba bantu bariho bararundarunda

ibikoresho byabo. Hari mu ma saa mbili, saa mbili n’iminota itanu465

».

Ubu buhamya bwa Paul Henrion ni kimwe mu bimenyetso bigaragara byiyongereye ku bindi bivuga ko umuhanda Kigali-Masaka-Kabuga wari urinzwe cyane kandi ucunzwe n’abagize Ingabo z’u Rwanda, ari na byo byemezwa n’ubuhamya bw’abasilikare bahoze mu ngabo z’u Rwanda. Ishingwa ry’iyo ntwaro irasa kure ku muhanda Kigali-Kabuga rivugwa kandi n’undi

464 Ubuhamya bwa Kaporali Njyamubiri Jean Baptiste bwakiriwe na Komite i Ngoma (Kibungo), ku wa 09 Nyakanga 2008 n’ubwa Mjr Mugiraneza Ildéphonse bwakiriwe na Komite i Gicumbi, ku wa 26 Kamena 2008. Muri Mata 1994, Majoro Mugiraneza yari umwe mu bayobozi b’itsinda ryo gutabara no gucunga umutekano muri Jandarumori y’Igihugu, ushinzwe umutekano mu muhanda mu mujyi wa Kigali. 465 Ubuhamya nyirubwite yahereye i Buruseli komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe gukora iperereza ku ruhare rwa Leta y’Ubufaransa muri Jenoside, Gicurasi 2007.

165

mutangabuhamya, Ajida shefu Karambizi Philippe wabwiye Komite ko ku wa 5 Mata 1994, Paul Henrion yabonye hagati ya Kabuga na Km19 umuzinga wo mu bwoko bwa « sans recul » ushinze ku kinyabiziga gikururwa kiri mu nsi y’umuhanda n’abasilikare bo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda bagikikije. Kure yaho gato, kuri 19, ku muhanda ujya i Masaka, umutangabuhamya yabonye agatsiko k’abasilikare b’Abafaransa bahacunze466. Ku ruhande rwe, Gérard Prunier avuga ko yabonye amakuru yerekanaga ko mw’ijoro indege ihanurwamo : « abazungu babonywe ku musozi wa Masaka

467 ». Icyabonetse rero ku buryo

budashidikanywa ni uko ku manywa no mw’ijoro ry’uwa 6 Mata 1994, umuhanda Mulindi-Kabuga n’ikoni rigana i Masaka byari birinzwe bikomeye n’abasilikare b’ingabo z’u Rwanda. Nta gihamya na kimwe dufite ku bazungu bari aho hantu kuri iyo tariki, ariko n’ubwo baba barahabaye, nta wundi bari kuba bakorera atari uhacunga. Jenerali majoro Paul Rwarakabije yavuze ko i Kabuga umutwe wa Jandarumori wari ushinzwe umutekano w’akarere ka Kabuga na Masaka kandi ko ari uwo mutwe w’abajandarume wamuhamagaye kuri telefoni umumenyesha ihanurwa ry’indege ryari rimaze kuba. Igisilikare na Jandarumori byari biri mu buryo bugaragara mu karere ka Kigali-Masaka-Kabuga468. Amakarita n’ibishushanyo biri muri iyo raporo byerekana aho hose hamaze kuvugwa 469.

Ibonwa ritari ryo ry’imbunda zirasa za misile i Masaka Mu gihe ibibunda birasa za misile, Ingabo z’u Rwanda zerekanye zivuga ko ari byo byahanuye indege, byatowe muri CEBOL hagati y’itariki ya 7 n’iya 8 Mata 1994, Liyetena Injenyeri Augustin Munyaneza wakoze inyandiko tariki ya 25 Mata 1994 yerekana ko ibyo bibunda yabisuzumye agasanga ari byo byaba byarahanuye indege ya Perezida. Inkuru ijyanye n’ibonwa ry’ibyo bisasu bibiri yanditswe, ku nshuro ya mbere, na Filip Reyntjens mu gitabo cye « Rwanda : Trois jours qui ont fait basculer l’histoire » cyasohotse mu Ugushyingo 1995. Umucamanza w’Umufaransa, Jean-Louis Bruguiere, muri komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’iperereza yabereye muri TPIR, ku wa 19 Mata, yabajije Jenerali Augustin Ndindiliyimana, umuyobozi wa Etat Major ya Jandarumori mu mwaka w’1994, ku byerekeye izo mbunda zirasa misile uko zabonetse maze Ndindiliyimana asubiza ko ntacyo yari abiziho ndetse ko byamutangaje. Ndindiliyimana yasobanuye neza ko , igihe cyose yari i Kigali, yakurikiranye ibyahaberaga byose ariko ko atigeze abona ibyo bitembo birasa za misile, ko yaje kubyumva hanyuma.

« Ikibazo : Ni iki uzi kw’ivumburwa ry’ibitembo bibiri birasa za misile, i Masaka, neza

byaratinze cyane, ku wa 25 Mata ?

Igisubizo : ntacyo nabona mbabwira ; kandi ibyo, ibyo birantunguye, kuko igihe cyose

nari i Kigali, nakurikiraniraga hafi ibihabera, ariko ibyo bintu ntabyo bigeze banyereka,

sinigeze mbibona na rimwe.

Ikibazo : Nyuma ni ho wabonye iyo nkuru ?

466 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali , ku wa 23 Nzeri 2008 467 G. Prunier, Rwanda : Histoire d’un génocide, op.cit., urup.264 468 Ubuhamya bwa Jenerali Majoro Paul Rwarakabije imbere ya Komisiyo y’Igihugu Yigenga Ishinzwe gusuzuma uruhare rwa Leta y’Ubufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Kigali, 26 Ukwakira 2007 469 Kureba impapuro 68-69 z’iyi Raporo

166

Igisubizo : Yego, nyuma ni ho nayimenye ». Ku wa 18 Gicurasi 2000, uwo mucamanza nyine yari yabajije Koloneli Théoneste Bagosora, bari muri iyo Komisiyo y’iperereza Arusha, niba ashobora kugira icyo amubwira « kw’ivumburwa ry’ibitembo birasa za misile i Masaka, ku wa 25 Mata 1994 » maze Bagosora asubiza ko atari azi uko babonye ibyo bibunda birasa za misile, ko ariko yabibonye mu mpera za Mata 1994 muri Minisiteri y’Ingabo aho babifotoye. Bagosora yongeyeho ati : « Bashakaga gukora dosiye bagombaga gushinga Liyetena Koloneli Rwabalinda Ephrem wagombaga kujya i Paris ». No ku kibazo : «Mwabonye raporo ya Liyetena Injenyeri Munyaneza ? ». Bagosora yatanze ibisubizo bikurikira:

« Narayibonye. Ndetse ni nanjye wayivanye muri Archives i Goma, kandi ni jyewe

wayishyikirije Avoka De Temmerman . Kandi Filip Reyntjens yabonye iyo nyandiko

ayihawe n’uwampagaraliraga mu rukiko, Avoka De Temmerman ; kuva icyo gihe nibwo

Filip Reyntjens yasubiyemo iyo nimero mu gitabo cye yise « Les trois jours qui ont fait

basculer l’histoire du Rwanda ». (…) Rero twakekaga ko Ubufaransa bwashakaga

kudufasha muri icyo gihe bikaba byumvikana ko hagombaga kuba ubutumwa bwo kujya

gusobanura ibyo twari dukeneye… hariya no gutanga amakuru kuri ibi cyangwa biriya.

Ari bwo butumwa bwa Ephrem Rwabalinda ? ».

(…) Yagiyeyo, afite amafoto n’ibyanditswe n’ibyuma byafatiwe mu majwi ku kibuga

cy’indege… igihe cy’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida… Ibibunda bitera za misile

twabigumanye muri Minisiteri y’Ingabo igihe kirekire… Nyuma y’aho Turukwaze

(Turquoise) iziye mu Rwanda…icyo gihe…Ibyo bibunda bitera za misile byavanywe muri

Minisiteri y’Ingabo byimurirwa ku Gisenyi. Bivuye ku Gisenyi, igihe twari tumaze

kwambuka umupaka, byashinzwe Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva…Hanyuma ibyo

bibunda twabigumanye i Goma kuko… Igisilikare cya Mobutu, mu by’ukuri nabo bari

inshuti… ariko igihe kimwe, biciye kuri Jenerali Tembele, Koloneli Aloys Ntiwiragabo…

yajyanye ikibunda kimwe, na bya byuma byafatiweho amajwi birongera biragenda

bigera i Gbadolite aho byashyikirijwe Mobutu…. Ibyo ari byo byose, ikibunda kimwe

gitera za misile, n’ibyanditswe n’ibyuma byafatiweho amajwi byageze kwa Mobutu. Ibyo

ni ukuri, ibyo ni impamo…

Ikibunda cya kabiri gitera za misile, ubwo Anatole (Nsengiyumva) yari agiye guhungira

muri Kenya, yarakinsigiye, ni jye wagisubiranye. Nashakaga kukigumana, twaashakaga

kukigumana kuko bavugaga ko ntawabimenya, gishobora kuzafasha mu iperereza…

Narakigumanye mu mujyi wa Goma. Nyuma yaho, igihe batwirukanaga mu mujyi kuko

twari benshi cyane mu mujyi wa Goma, nagiye kugishyira mu rugerero rwacu rwo kuri

Lac vert, kure gato, ndakeka ko ari mu bilometero 20 uvuye i Goma. Cyagumye aho.

Nyuma, twatekereje ko na cyo cyari gikwiye koherezwa kwa Mobutu.

Ibyo ari byo byose, bakekaga ko ibyiza kwari ukubyohereza byombi. Hanyuma, binyuze

noneho kuri TEMBELE, twagihaye Jenerali TEMBELE, we ubwe, kugira ngo acyohereze

aho bari bohereje icya mbere… Mobutu, akiriho, yari yarasabye BARRIL ko yamufasha

hagakorwa iperereza rishingiye kuri izo misile – kuri ibyo bibunda bitera za misile –

167

cyane cyane… Kuko mbabwira, ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida Habyalimana, ni

akagambane mpuzamahanga… Ni ukubera ibyo nashakaga kubavugisha no kubabwira…

ko MINUAR i Kigali yagize uruhare muri iryo hanurwa ry’indege…Amafoto y’ibibunda

bitera za misile yari aherekejwe n’inyandiko yiswe :

‘ Itahurwa ry’intwaro ( Ikibunda kirasa za misile ) , Ikoreshwa mu kwica Umukuru

w’Igihugu ku wa 06/04/94’ ryakozwe kandi risinywa na Liyetena Injeyeri

MUNYANEZA- 25/04/94 ». Ku bijyanye n’uko ibyo bibunda byabonetse, Komite yakoze iperereza mu bantu banyuranye bashoboraga kuba bafite amakuru ajyanye na byo. Ubuhamya bw’abantu bari batuye hafi cyane y’ahantu havuzwe ko ari ho ibibunda bitera za Misile byaba byaratoraguwe buratandukanye cyane ku birebana n’itariki byaboneweho, ahantu nyaho byabonywe ndetse n’uko ibyabonywe bivugwa. Nta n’umwe muri abo batangabuhamya uvuga ko azi igihe ibyo bibunda byaba byarashyiriwe muri CEBOL, ntawuvuga ko yaba yarabonye abarasa, nta n’uvuga yemwe ko yari ahari igihe cy’ibonwa nyirizina ry’iyo ntwaro470. Amatariki y’ibonwa ryazo ava ku minsi ibiri akagera ku byumweru bitatu nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege, kandi bamwe muri abo batangabuhamya bavuga ko babonye ibyo bintu muri CEBOL igihe abasilikare batumira abaturage ngo baze kubireba, naho abandi bavuga ko babibonye baciye aho bigendera 471. Abandi batangabuhamya bavuga ko ibyo bintu byavumbuwe n’impunzi zirukanywe i Byumba n’intambara zari zaracumbikiwe muri CEBOL. Bamenyesha ko igihe bamwe mu mpunzi bari bagiye gutema ibyatsi by’isaso bavumbuye ibyo bintu maze bahamagara abasirikare bari kuri bariyeri yo kuri Km 19 ku muhanda wa kabulimbo muri metero 300 uzamutse. Ku bijyanye n’ubwoko bw’ibyo bibunda n’uko byari bimeze, abo batangabuhamya bavuga ko babonye ibitembo bibiri bifite uburebure bwenda kungana na metero imwe n’igice bisa na kaki, bihishe mu gishanga kandi ko hari n’igodora rishya. Bemeza ko ibyo bitembo byari biremereye cyane ku buryo abasilikare bagiye mu Kigo cya Kanombe gushaka ikamyo yo kubitwara472. Bamwe mu batangabuhamya b’i Masaka bavuze ko Ajida shefu Bwiko Grégoire nk’umwe mu basilikare b’Ingabo z’u Rwanda wari kuri bariyeri yo kuri 19 kandi waba waragiye kuvana ibyo bibunda kuri CEBOL473. Abajijwe na Komite, Bwiko ntiyemeye ibivugwa byose. Yavuze ko intwaro zavumbuwe muri CEBOL maze abasilikare bo mu Kigo cya Kanombe bakoherezwa kuzijyana. Yashimangiye ko atari mw’itsinda ryabitwaye, ko ahubwo yabibonye bigeze mu Kigo cya gisilikare cy’i Kanombe474.

470 Ibazwa ry’abatuye i Masaka : Mayagwa Jean Baptiste ku wa 20 Werurwe 2008, Uzamukunda Agnès, 25 Werurwe 2008 ; Rwajekare Augustin na Mukangamije Tatiana, 26 Werurwe 2008 ; Munyaneza Fabien, Uwimana Aloys na Muganga Jean Bosco, 14 Mata 2008 ; Iyamuremye Dismas, 9 Kamena 2008 471 Ibazwa rya Uwimana Aloys, Munyaneza Fabien na Muganga Jean Bosco i Kigali, 14 Mata 2008 ; Rwajekare Augustin i Kigali, 26 Werurwe 2008 ; Iyamuremye Dismas i Kigali, 9 Kamena 2008 ; Uzamukunda Agnès i Kigali, 25 Werurwe 2008 ; Mukangamije Tatiana i Kigali, 26 Werurwe 2008 ; ikiganiro na Mayagwa Jean Baptiste i Rusororo, 20 Werurwe 2008. 472 Ibazwa rya Mukangamije Tatiana na Rwajekare Augustin i Kigali, 26 Werurwe 2008 ; Uzamukunda Agnès i Kigali, 25 Werurwe 2008 ; Muganga Jean Bosco i Kigali, 14 Mata 2008. 473 Ndimubanzi Cassien, wabarijwe i Kigali ku wa 24 Mata 2008 ; Uwizeyimana Boniface, Kigali 15 Mata 2008 474 Ibazwa rya Bwiko Grégoire i Nyabihu, ku wa 14 Gicurasi 2008

168

Abavanywe mu byabo b’i Byumba babaye i Masaka ari na bo batujwe i Masaka bavuga ko bavumbuye intwaro zakoreshejwe mu guhanura indege ya Perezida, bakomoka hafi ya bose mu cyahoze ari komini Kivuye. Komite yagiyeyo kubashaka ihura n’abatangabuhamya 12 bari mu bakuwe mu byabo. Abenshi cyane muri bo bemeza ko, hagati y’uwa 8 n’uwa 10 Mata, bumvise havugwa ko intwaro zari zavumbuwe muri CEBOL475. Nta n’umwe muri bo wemera ko yavumbuye intwaro cyangwa ko yiboneye ubwe ivumburwa. Abatangabuhamya babiri bonyine, Nkurunziza David na Bizimana Faustin, bemeye ko bazibonye n’amaso yabo aho zavumbuwe, ariko ibyo bavuga bombi byuzuye mo imbusane zijyanye n’itariki kuko ibyabaye babishyira hagati y’iminsi 10 n’ibyumweru 3 nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege, bikaba nta kuri na busa bifite476. Ubuhamya bw’abahoze ari ingabo z’u Rwanda bushyira ivumburwa ry’intwaro n’iyerekanwa ryazo mu bigo bya Kanombe na Kigali hagati y’umunsi umwe n’iminsi itatu nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege. Hari abatanga ubuhamya busobanutse kandi bakagira ibyo bahamya ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994. Habimana Etienne, wo mu bashinzwe kurinda Perezida, wari ku kazi mu rugo kwa Habyalimana umugoroba w’uwa 6 Mata 1994 avuga ko, ku wa 7 Mata, i saa saba z’amanywa, yumvanye bagenzi be ko abasilikare bakuye ikibunda kirasa za misile hafi yo kuri 19, mu kabande ka Masaka477. Rugengamanzi Protais, wo muri batayo parakomando, hanyuma ajya muri L.A.A., avuga ko ku wa 07 Mata 1994 ahagana isaa tatu za mu gitondo, ikamyo ya gisilikare yuzuye ingabo ziyobowe na Liyetena Koloneli Nzabanita zazamutse ahitwa mu Kajagali i Kanombe zerekana ibibunda birasa za misile bitatu bavuga ko bamaze kubivana i Masaka. Babijyanye mu buyobozi bw’ikigo cya Kanombe. Abo basilikare bavugaga ko ahantu babisanze hari n’amagodora478. Nsengimana Cyrille, umusilikare muri batayo parakomando kuva mu mwaka w’1984 kugera mu w’1994, avuga ko, ku wa 7 Mata, yamenye ko abasilikare bamwe bo muri batayo ye boherejwe gusaka, maze ahagana mu ma saa sita, bavuga ko babonye ibibunda 2 birasa za misile mu kabande ka Masaka479. Serija wa mbere Bimenyimana Apollinaire, yemeza ko intwaro yazanywe n’abasilikare b’ikigo cya Kanombe mu gitondo cy’uwa 7 Mata, ikajyanwa mu kigo cya Kanombe, hanyuma ikajyanwa mu cya Kigali, ahari icyicaro cy’Ibiro Bikuru by’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, aho yakiriwe na Suliyetena Nsengiyumva Adrien abihawemo itegeko na Koloneli Laurent Nubaha, wategekaga ikigo480. Ngendahayo Théodore, umusilikare muri batayo irashisha imizinga iri mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kigali, yemeza nk’ibyo, ubwo avuga ko, ku wa 08 Mata 1994, yabonye ibibunda birasa za misile birunze mu bubiko bw’intwaro bw’icyo kigo cya gisilikare kandi ko Serija majoro Mukomeza Céléstin, ushinzwe ubwo bubiko yababwiye ko byavuye i Masaka aho abarashi bahanuye indege bari bari481. Ajuda Ndaruhutse Elias, umusilikare mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda kuva mu mwaka w’1985, agakora muri batayo para komando ya Kanombe kuva mu mwaka w’1992 kugeza mu w’1994, yavuze ko ku wa 7 Mata

475 Mukankundiye Eulérie na Twahirwa Ephrem, babarijwe i Gicumbi ku wa 27 Gicurasi 2008 ; Muganza Sebastien, Baribane Stanislas na Bugondo, babarijwe i Burera, ku wa 29 mai 2008 476 Ikiganiro na Bizimana Faustin i Gicumbi, 27 Gicurasi 2008 na Nkurunziza David i Burera, 29 Gicurasi 2008. 477 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Gakenke, ku wa 25 Nzeri 2008 478 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rwamagana, ku wa 1 Mata 2008 479 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 11 Gicurasi 2008 480 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyaruguru, ku wa 13 Kamena 2008 481 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rusizi, ku wa 07 Ugushyingo 2008

169

1994, abasilikare bari kuri 19 bajagajaze mu kabande ka Masaka bakahavumbura ibitembo birasa za misile bazanye nyuma mu Kigo cya Kanombe482. Hanyuma hari abatangabuhamya batibutse neza amatariki ariko bibuka igihe ibintu byabereye. Koloneli dogiteri Bizumuremyi François wari umuganga mu bitaro bya gisilikare i Kanombe yavuze ko yabonye, iminsi ibiri nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege, igitembo gitera misile cyari cyazanywe i Kanombe havugwa ko cyatoraguwe i Masaka kandi ko ari ho abarashi bari bafashe ibirindiro483. Karasanyi François, na we w’umusilikare mu kigo cya Kanombe, yavuze ko yabonye ibibunda birasa za misile nko mu minsi ibiri nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege : «Jyewe ubwanjye niboneye izo ntwaro nka nyuma y’iminsi ibiri indege ihanutse. Imwe muri zo yari ifite

amabara avanze y’icyatsi kibisi n’umuhondo n’uburebure buri hagati ya metero imwe na

santimetero mirongo inani n’ebyiri. Zashyizwe imbere y’ibiro by’umukuru w’ikigo cya Kanombe

maze tujya kuzireba. Nyuma sinamenye irengero ryazo484

».

Sibomana Etienne, umusilikare muri batayo para komando y’i Kanombe mu mwaka w’1994, yatanze inkuru nk’iyo yerekana ko intwaro zararujwe i Masaka zazanywe mu kigo cya Kanombe nko mu minsi ibiri nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege485. Higiro Claude na Turatsinze Samson, na bo b’abasilikare mu kigo cya Kanombe mu 1994, bavuga ibintu kimwe486. Ntoranyi Protais, umusilikare muri icyo kigo nyine cya Kanombe mu 1994, we avuga ko intwaro zerekanywe i Kanombe kw’itariki ya 11 Mata 1994487. Serija wa mbere Munyaneza Emmanuel wo muri batayo para-komando na we avuga ko zavumbuwe hagati y’itariki ya 7 n’iya 10 Mata. Asobanura neza ko yazibonye n’amaso ye, ko byari ibibunda bibiri birasa za misile bifite uburebure bwa metero imwe n’igice bifite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi kivanze n’umuhondo. Anavuga ko hari n’igodora abarashi baba bararyamyeho. Umutangabuhamya asobanura neza ko ari umushoferi wa Ntabakuze wazizanye mu kigo mw’ijipe yo mu bwoko bwa Land Rover488. Marihinde Juvénal, winjiye mu gisilikare mu mwaka w’1966, wari umushoferi w’ishami ry’itumanaho ry’ingabo z’u Rwanda mu mwaka w’1994, yavuze ko buri gitondo yatwaraga shebuja ku Biro Bikuru by’Ingabo z’Igihugu. Kw’itariki ya 9 cyangwa iya 10 Mata yabonye Liyetena Injenyeri Munyaneza mu modoka ya Land Rover azanye ku Biro Bikuru by’Ingabo intwaro zipfunyitse mu igodora avuga ko zari zivuye i Masaka :

« Sinibuka neza itariki nyayo, ariko nemeza ko hari ku ya 9 cyangwa ku ya 10 Mata

1994. Nabonye icyo gihe, ari mu gitondo, mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kigali, umuliyetena

witwaga Munyaneza azanye intwaro ebyiri zipfunyitse mu igodora avuga ko zavumbuwe i

Masaka. Hari ibibunda bibiri bitera za misile, antene iteye nk’ ikibesani

n’insakazamajwi. Munyaneza yabizanye mu modoka yo mu bwoko bwa Range Rover.

Yari kumwe n’abamurinda. Yazishinze G3 witwaga Rwabarinda. Ni we wari ushinzwe

ibikorwa bya gisilikare489

».

482 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2008 483 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 10 Werurwe 2008 484 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyaruguru, ku wa 13 Kamena 2008 485 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyaruguru, ku wa 13 Kamena 2008 486 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kayonza, ku wa 13 Kanama 2008 487 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyanza, ku wa 24 Gicurasi 2008 488 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Ngoma (Kibungo) ku wa 10 Nyakanga 2008 489 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Huye, ku wa 30 Kamena 2008

170

Ubwo buhamya bw’abavuga ko biboneye n’amaso yabo, bwavuye ahantu hanyuranye mu gihugu, bufite bwose icyo bwibuka gisobanutse ku buryo bwenda guhura, no ku tuntu duto duto, bikaba bitera gutekereza ko intwaro zerekanywe nk’izakoreshejwe mu guhanura indege zatoratowe koko muri CEBOL hagati y’itariki ya 7 n’iya 11 Mata 1994 kandi ko zeretswe abasilikare bo mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda. Izo ntwaro zabanje kumurikwa mu kigo cya Kanombe hanyuma zijyanwa mu cya Kigali ari ho Liyetena Injenyeri Munyaneza yaba yarazisuzumiye. Hakwiye kwerekanwa ko izo ntwaro zeretswe imitwe y’imena y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zahamagariwe kurwana, bikaba byasobanura ko iryo murika ry’izo ntwaro ryari rigamije kubakangurira intambara na Jenoside kugira ngo bahorere Perezida hakurikijwe amagambo yakoreshejwe na Majoro Ntabakuze indege ikimara guhanuka.

Ibibazo byabyukijwe n’ivumburwa ry’imbunda zirasa za misile ryavugwaga

Ingirwa vumburwa ry’intwaro muri CEBOL riteye ibibazo byinshi bituma hashidikanywa ku kuri k’uko ibintu byagenze. Icya mbere, nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Jandarumori y’Igihugu, Jenerali Ndindiliyimana, yavuze ko atigeze yumva na rimwe i Kigali havugwa ivumburwa ry’ibibunda birasa za misile muri CEBOL zaba zarakoreshejwe mu guhanura indege y’Umukuru w’Igihugu, cyane cyane ko ahavugwa kuba ari ho iryo vumburwa ryabereye hari mu metero 300 uvuye kuri bariyeri yari ikomeye cyane yacungwaga n’abajandarume be. Icya kabiri, icyo kibazo kiza ku birebana na Koloneli Bagosora, wari uhagarariye Minisiteri y’Ingabo kandi ntawe utazi uruhare rukomeye cyane yagize muri ariya makozere yose, iyo avuga ko atazi ukuntu biriya bibunda birasa za misile byabonetse, akavuga ko yabibonye gusa mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Mata 1994 muri Minisiteri y’Ingabo 490 ! Na none, abatangabuhamya batuye ahegereye ahavugwa ko ariho habonetse intwaro batanga amatariki anyuranye ku buryo umuntu abona ko ibyo bavuga ari ibitekerano n’umukino wiyongera ku yindi myinshi Ingabo z’u Rwanda zagiye zikina. Birahagije kwibutsa igisa n’igitero cyo mw’ijoro ry’uwa 4 rishyira uwa 5 Ukwakira 1990, i Kigali, cyari kigamije kwemeza ko barwana na FPR yacengeye mu murwa mukuru491. Igikorwa nk’icyo cyabaye mw’ijoro ry’uwa 6 Mata 1994 uwo mwanya nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida ubwo humvikaniraga icyarimwe urufaya rw’amasasu yarasagwa n’abasilikare bo mu kigo cya Kanombe, abashinzwe kurinda Perezida bari ku kazi iwe n’abo mu kigo cya Kigali, hagambiriwe kwemeza ko bariho barasana n’abari bamaze guhanura indege ya Perezida492. Urwo rufaya rw’amasasu rwarangwaga no kurasa mu kirere kwari kugamije

490 Amagambo ya Koloneli Bagosora mu butumwa bw’iperereza mpuzamahanga ry’umucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguière muri TPIR i Arusha, 18 Gicurasi 2000 491 Kureba Jenerali Majoro Paul Rwarakabije, Ikiganiro na Gabriel Périès na David Servenay ku wa 13 Mata 2006, Une guerre noire, op. cit., impap. 181-182 492 Kureba ubuhamya bwa Hitayezu Emmanuel, Nyagatare 31 Nyakanga 2007 ; Nkeshumpatse Callixte, Kigali 4 Mata 2008 ; Mutabaruka Hamzak, Kayonza 10 Gicurasi 2008 ; Iyamuremye Emmanuel, Kigali, 11 Kanama 2008 ; Turatsinze Samson, Kayonza, 13 Kanama 2008 ; Hagenimana Jean-Marie Vianney, Nyagatare, 1 Kanama 2008 ; Ngendahimana Prosper, Musanze 11 Nzeri 2008 ; Hategekimana Jean-François, Nyamagabe 20 Kanama 2008 ;

171

kwemeza abantu ko bariho barasana n’abanzi ngo bari i Masaka nyamara nta cyashoboraga kwerekana ko aho hantu harasiwe amasasu. Hakurikijwe inyandiko ya buri munsi y’amakuru ya KIBAT, urwo rufaya rw’amasasu rwatangiye hashize iminota ine yonyine indege ihanuwe : « ahagana i saa mbili n’iminota mirongo itatu n’ine, H6 (iri i Kanombe) yerekanye ko haraswa

amasasu amurika cyane mu kirere n’ay’ibibunda bya rutura hafi yaho ». Urufaya rw’amasasu yerekeraga i Masaka rwari nta shiti ishyirwa mu bikorwa rw’ibyo abasilikare b’u Rwanda bari babwiwe mbere y’igihe. Icya nyuma, hakwiye kwibutswa ko, muri metero 300 uvuye ku mazu ya CEBOL, ku muhanda wa kabulimbo ugana i Rwamagana n’i Masaka, hari bariyeri itavaho y’abasilikare n’abajandarume kandi yarakoraga ku mugoroba w’uwa 6 Mata 1994 igihe cy’ihanurwa ry’indege. Iyo bariyeri yari muri metero 300 y’ahavugwa ko habonywe ibitembo bitera za misile n’igodora, mu gishanga hafi y’umugezi. Birasobanutse ko iyo ibisasu birasirwa aho ngaho, abasirikare n’abajandarume barinda bariyeri yo kuri Km19 bari kubyumva. Kandi bari kubona n’amaso yabo ababirashe kuko aho hantu hagaragara neza ndetse na nijoro. Bari gushobora gukurikirana no gufata abarashe mbere y’uko bava aho ibisasu byarasiwe.

Ibibazo byatewe n’amafoto y’ibibunda bitera za misile byashyikirijwe Ubufaransa na

Liyetena Koloneli Ephrem Rwabalinda

MIP yeretswe fotokopi y’amafoto y’ibibunda, isanga : « ko nyuma y’isuzumanwa buhanga rya mbere ry’ayo mafoto, bishoboka ko misile zaba zitigeze ziraswa : kuri fotokopi z’amafoto,

igitembo kiracyahari, ibipfundikizo iri mu mwanya wayo ku mpera z’igitembo, ibuye na batiri

birahari493

». Kubera ibyo, MIP yanzura ko :

« Ibiva mu isuzuma ryitondewe ry’ibyo yashyikirijwe nko kumva ubuhamya byakozwe

kugira ngo isuzuma ryuzuzwe ari ibi bikurikira :

« - ubwo bishoboka cyane ko misile yafotowe itarashwe, iyo misile ntishobora na gato

gufatwa nk’iyakoreshejwe mu guhanura indege ya Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana ; -

ifoto y’iyo misile, yometse ku mugereka, igaragaza imwe mu nimero ihuye n’izo Filip

REYNTJENS yatangaje, hari amahirwe macye rero ko misile zerekanywe n’umwalimu

wa kaminuza w’umubiligi zihura neza rwose n’izakoreshejwe mu guhanura indege ya

Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana ;

« - Ikiboneka ni uko ibivugwa n’abasilikare bo mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda zari mu buhungiro

(kureba inyandiko zatanzwe na Bwana MUNYANEZA aziha Bwana Filip REYNTJENS)

Ntiryerinda Augustin, Huye 13 Kanama 2008 ; Gasana Jean-Marie Vianney, Rubavu 29 Gashyantare 2008 ; Mudahunga Jean-Marie Vianney, Kigali 14 Werurwe 2008 ; Sibomana Etienne, Nyaruguru 13 Kamena 2008 ; Masengesho Innocent, Kigali 18 Werurwe 2008 ; Siborurema Silas, Nyaruguru 13 Kamena 2008 ; Karasanyi François, Nyaruguru 13 Kamena 2008 ; Nyirinkwaya Jean-Damascène, Kigali 6 Kamena 2008 ; Ntoranyi Protais, Huye 24 Gicurasi 2008 ; Kayitare Gaëtan, Kigali 25 Kamena 2008 ; Marihinde Juvénal, Huye 30 Kamena 2008 ; Nsengiyumva Tharcisse, Kigali 4 Kamena 2008 ; Kayitare Didace, Kirehe 15 Nyakanga 2007 ; Munyemana Godefroid, Huye 1 Nyakanga 2007 ; Zigirumugabe Grégoire, Kigali 6 Kanama 2008. 493 MIP, Imigereka, Byavuye mu ibaruwa ya Jenerali Mourgeon yandikiye M. Bernard Cazeneuve, 11 Ukuboza 1998, Ibisobanuro byuzuza ku mafoto ya za misile,urup.271

172

bisa n’ibiri mu byamenyeshejwe MIP bigamije kwerekana, nta bushishozi, FPR na

Uganda nk’abashobora kuba barahanuye indege (kureba amafoto n’urutonde rwa za

misile ku mugereka). Ibyo byavuzwe na bamwe mu bayobozi b’Ubufaransa nta

bushishozi barushije abandi, nk’uko byemezwa n’ubuhamya bwa ba Bwana Bernard

Debré, wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Ubutwererane, cyangwa François Léotard, wahoze ari

Minisitiri w’Ingabo ;

« - Kubera amakuru ahuye abadepite ba MIP n’abalimu bamwe ba kaminuza babonye-

n’ubwo bwose yagiye asakazwa binyuze mu nzira zinyuranye- agaragara nk’adakwiye

kwizerwa bisesuye kandi akaba atashoboye kwerekana intwaro yahanuye indege, hari

ikibazo cyo kumenya aho urwo rujijo ruva. Uruhare rw’abahoze mu ngabo z’igihugu

bari mu buhungiro muri uko kugerageza kuyobya uburari batanga amakuru atariyo

ntirwaba ruberekana nk’abantu bagerageje kugira icyo bazinzika ? Niba se bavuga

ukuri, ntibaba barapfunyikiwe icyo babivugaho, muri icyo gihe rero, baba barabyohejwe

na nde ? ».

Umucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguière, mu myanzuro ye, yavuze ko nimero z’ibyo bibunda bibiri bitera za misile Ingabo z’u Rwanda zivuga ko zatoraguye aharasiwe ibisasu ( 04-87-04835 na 04-87-04814 ), zituma hamenyekana inkomoko yabyo n’inzira byakurikiye kugira ngo bigere kuri FPR494. Umucamanza Bruguière yerekana ko yakoresheje iperereza mu cyahoze ari U.R.S.S. mu rwego rw’ubufatanye mu bucamanza maze Parike ya Moscou ikemeza izo nimero ebyiri ndetse ikavuga ko ziri muri misile 40 zo mu bwoko bwa SA 16 IGLA zahawe igihugu cya Uganda nyuma y’uko kizitumiza. Iyo nzira ituma rero umucamanza Bruguière afata umwanzuro ko izo misile zari iza Uganda ntanashidikanye ko zaba zarahawe FPR kugira ngo amaherezo zizahanure Falcon 50. Nyamara, abadepite ba MIP y’Ubufaransa bari bize birambuye icyo kibazo, bari bavuze ko ibyo nta shingiro bifite kandi ko « Ibyabonetse nta ruhare na rumwe rw’uwabikoze byerekana ku ihanurwa ry’indege ». Ni nako Komite ibibona.

Umwanzuro ku bivugwa ko misile zarasiwe i Masaka

Hatitawe ku magambo anyuranye atarimo ukuri aboneka mu buhamya n’ibindi bishaka kwerekana ko kuri CEBOL ari ho misile zahanuye indege ya Perezida zarasiwe, hari ibimenyetso nyabyo byerekana ko aho hantu hadashobora kuba ari ho harasiwe misile ; bimwe ni ibi : 1) Masaka ni agasozi kagenzurwaga kose n’abantu ba guverinoma, gatuwe n’abantu hafi ya

bose bakomoka mu karere k’amajyaruguru agana mu burengerazuba bari abayoboke bakomeye b’ingoma ya Habyalimana ;

2) Umuhanda ujya aho hantu wabaga ucunzwe n’abajandarume ku manywa, naho nijoro

ugacungwa n’abasilikare b’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, cyane cyane muri icyo gihe ibintu byari bimeze nabi cyane ;

494 Kureba impapuro 35 kugera 45 z’icyemezo cy’umucamanza

173

3) CEBOL, aho za misile zaba zararasiwe, iri munsi y’umuhanda wa kabulimbo, muri metero 300 uvuye kuri bariyeri y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, yari mw’isangano ry’imihanda : uwa kabulimbo n’uw’ibitaka ujya i Masaka unyuze kuri CEBOL. Uri kuri iyo bariyeri, aba abona neza ibibera kuri CEBOL ndetse no hirya yayo kandi indege ya Perezida yari iteganirijwe, ubusanzwe, kugwa ku kibuga cy’indege isaa kumi n’imwe za nimunsi ku buryo bidashoboka ko abarashi na za misile zabo baba baragiye aho hantu, ku manywa y’ihangu, haba ku maguru cyangwa mu modoka, kugira ngo bategereze ko indege ica hejuru yaho, maze abasilikare b’Ingabo z’u Rwanda bahacungaga ntibababone cyangwa ngo babonwe n’abaturage batahaga iwabo bavuye mw’isoko rya Mulindi ryabaga rihinda cyane, buri wa gatatu wa mbere w’ukwezi ;

4) N’ubwo ibidashoboka byaba byarabaye, abarashe bakaba barageze aho hantu abasilikare

n’abajandarume bo kuri Km19 batababonye, abakozi ba CEBOL ntibababone cyangwa impunzi zari ziharundanye, ntibyumvikana ukuntu baba barahavuye amahoro bamaze kurasa za misile. Koko rero, nta gikorwa na kimwe cy’abajandarume bari aho iruhande, kuri 19, cyangwa icy’abasirikare cyigeze kiba ngo aho hantu hagotwe kandi hasakwe ;

5) Nk’uko tuza kubibona hirya, inguni yarasiwemo za misile ya dogere 70, yagereranijwe na

Nicolas Moreau, umusilikare w’indorerezi wa MINUAR watanze ubuhamya mu rubanza rwa Majoro Ntuyahaga i Buruseli, ikuraho ibyo kuvuga ko misile zaba zararasiwe i Masaka. Tuzabona mu gice cya kabiri ibindi bimenyetso bishimangira kurushaho ibi ngibi.

Ahantu hanyuranye ha Kanombe

Mu bivugwa byose ku bijyanye n’ahantu indege ya Perezida yaba yararasiwe Komite yasuzumye, bitatu byonyine ni byo bigaragara ko bifite agaciro kurusha ibindi. Icya mbere ni uko aho hantu ari mu kabande ka Masaka, mu kiraro cy’igeragezwa cyiswe CEBOL, nta reme gifite kubera impamvu zikomeye zavuzwe. Icya kabiri n’icya gatatu biza gusesengurwa byo bifata Kanombe nk’ahantu harasiwe ibisasu byahanuye indege Falcon 50. Abatangabuhamya bavuze Kanombe nk’ahantu harasiwe za misile bashobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitatu : abasilikare bahoze ari Ingabo z’u Rwanda, abakozi bo ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe n’abasilikare ba MINUAR hamwe n’abo mu butwererane mu bya gisilikare b’Ababiligi. Bamwe bavuga ko aho ibisasu byarasiwe hagomba kuba ari mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe, ku buryo butarimo gushidikanya cyangwa gucishiriza, abandi bakavuga ahegereye ikibuga cy’indege, ikigo cya gisilikare n’aho Perezida Habyalimana yari atuye ; hari abahera ku rusaku rw’amasasu n’ibyuka by’imbunda bumvaga hafi, abandi nabo bagafatira ku cyerekezo cy’ibisasu babonye n’aho byaganaga. Hakwiye gusobanurwa ko hari nijoro kandi ko ikigo cya Kanombe ari kinini cyane, bikaba ariyo mpamvu yatuma abatangabuhamya batabona ibintu mu buryo bumwe bitewe ahanini n’aho bari baherereye igihe ihanurwa ry’indege ryabaga.

174

Ku gipangu cy’aho Perezida yari atuye cyangwa hafi cyane yaho

Abatangabuhamya Nsengiyumva Tharcisse (batayo L.A.A ikigo cya Kanombe kuva mu mwaka w’i 1984 kugera mu w’i 1994)495, Kaporali Bicamumpaka Sylvestre (ikigo cya Kanombe kuva mu mwaka w’i 1993 kugera mu w’i 1994)496, Kaporali Turatsinze Samson (batayo para-komando Kanombe kuva mu mwaka w’i 1987 kugera mu w’i 1994) 497, Serija wa mbere Ntwarane Anastase (Abashinzwe kurinda Perezida wari wakoze ku kibuga cy’indege kw’itariki ya 06 Mata 1994)498, Kapiteni Bwanakweri Isidore (Umunyamabanga muri Minisiteri y’Ingabo kuva mu mwaka w’i 1992 kugera mu w’i 1994)499 na Kaporali Habimana Gonzague (para-komando 1986-1994)500 bavuga ko ibisasu byahanuye indege Falcon 50 byarasiwe ku rupangu rw’aho Perezida yari atuye cyangwa hafi yarwo bakaba bashinja abasilikare barindaga Perezida bari bahari. Abo batangabuhamya bari mu kigo cya Kanombe cyangwa hafi cyane yacyo. Itsinda ry’inzobere ebyiri z’Abongereza mu by’ibibunda bya rutura no mu maperereza yo mu kirere ku ndege zahanuwe, imyanzuro yabo iri ku migereka y’iyi raporo, basuzumye ubu buhamya bajya ahavugwa bagerageza kujya aho abatangabuhamya bari igihe indege ihanurwa maze bafata umwanzuro w’uko ibyo bavuga bishobora kuba byo. Ikarita ikurikira yerekana ahantu izo nzobere zabonye ko ari ho hashobora kuba hamwe mu hashoboka ibisasu byahanuye indege Falcon 50 ya Perezida Habyalimana byaba byaraturutse. Aho hantu ni iherezo ry’ikibuga cy’indege ry’i Burasirazuba, igice kimwe cy’ikigo cya Kanombe n’ahegereye cyane urugo rwa Perezida.

495 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 04 Kamena 2008 496 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rulindo, ku wa 20 Ukwakira 2008 497 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kayonza, ku wa 3 Kanama 2008 498 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kirehe, ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2008 499 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rilima, ku wa 08 Kanama 2008 500 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Muhanga, ku wa 03 Ukwakira 2008

175

176

Nyarugunga na Nyandungu

Abandi batangabuhamya nabo bavuga Kanombe nk’ahantu harasiwe ibisasu, hagati y’aho Perezida yari atuye, Nyarugunga no hejuru y’ikibaya cya Nyandungu. Abo ni Serija Nteziryayo Sylvestre (ikigo cya Kanombe, para-komando kuva mu 1990 kugera mu 1994) 501, Kaporali Nsanzabera Vedaste (L.A.A. Kanombe kuva mu 1983 kugera mu 1994)502, Kaporali Munyerango Félicien (para-komando Kanombe kuva mu 1987 kugera mu 1994)503 na Serija Majoro Ngirumpatse Pascal (para-komando Kanombe kuva mu 1988 kugera mu 1994)504. Abatangabuhamya Elisaphan Kamali505 na Innocent Twagirayezu506, bari mu bashinzwe kurinda Perezida bari ku kibuga cy’indege igihe ihanurwa ry’indege riba, bavuga ko abarashe indege bari mu nsi ya Nyarugunga. Naho Uwingabire Bernadette utuye i Kanombe, akagari ka Kamashashi, umurenge wa Nyarugunga, wegereye ikigo cya Kanombe n’inzu Perezida yari atuyemo, aho atuye kuva mu mwaka w’i 1986, ni nko muri metero 700 uvuye aho Perezida yari atuye, avuga ko yumvise n’amatwi ye ndetse no muri we umurindi w’ibisasu byahanuye indege. Avuga ko byarashwe bituruka mu nsi ya Nyarugunga507. Hakurikijwe inyigo ya gihanga yakozwe n’inzobere yavuzwe haruguru, Nyarugunga na Nyandungu ntihari mu hantu hashoboka kuba ari ho harasiwe ibisasu. Ikindi kandi, ni uko ukurikije uko misile irasa, kwemera ubwo buhamya kwaba ari nko kuvuga ko misile zarasiwe aho indege yavaga, inyuma yayo, bikaba binyuranye n’ukuri.

Ahegereye ikigo cya Kanombe

Abatangabuhamya batari bacye, bagwiriyemo abasilikare bahoze mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda babaga mu kigo cya Kanombe kimwe n’abakozi bo ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe, bavuga ko ibisasu byarasiwe mu ntanzi z’ikigo cya Kanombe. Silas Siborurema yabaga mu kigo cya Kanombe kuva mu 1992. Yavuze ko « indege yahanuwe n’ibisasu byaturutse hafi cyane y’ikigo [cya gisilikare] umaze kurenga akabande ka Nyarugunga. Nkurikije ibyo nitegereje,

ibyo bisasu ntibyarasiwe imbere cyangwa inyuma y’indege, ahubwo byayiturutse ibumoso508

».

Mutwarangabo Jean Bosco (ikigo cya Kanombe 1991-1994) yari mu kigo cya Kanombe igihe indege iturika akaba avuga ko ibisasu byaturutse hagati y’ikibuga cy’indege n’ikigo cya gisilikare :

« Mu mugoroba w’uwa 06 Mata, ihanurwa ry’indege ryabaye hagati ya saa mbili na saa

mbili n’igice. Nari mvuye aho abayobozi b’abasilikare bicira akanyota kureba televiziyo

nsubiye mu nzu turaramo. Numvise urusaku rw’indege yerekezaga ku kibuga maze

ndayireba. Uwo mwanya, nabonye igisasu kimurika mu kirere, maze indege ihita izimya

501 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 08 Ukwakira 2008 502 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Huye, ku wa 30 Kamena 2008 503 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Ngoma (Kibungo), 15 Nyakanga 2008 504 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyaruguru, ku wa 15 Ukwakira 2008 505 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Ngororero, ku wa 21 Kamena 2008. Kamali ni umwe mu basilikare barindaga Perezida winjiye ubwa mbere mu munara ucunga indege ako kanya nyuma y’ihanuka ry’indege. 506 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, ku wa 28 Gashyantare 2008 507 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 03 werurwe 2008 508Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyaruguru (Munini), ku wa 18 Mata 2008

177

amatara. Nyuma yaho gato, igisasu cya mbere’ kiragenda, gikurikirwa n’icya kabiri

cyaturikije indege. Inkomoko y’ibyo bisasu byombi yari hafi y’ikigo cya gisilikare

ahagana ku ruhande rw’amajyepfo. Ibisasu byagiye bihura n’indege biyiturutse imbere. Nibyayiturukaga inyuma

509 ».

Serija Nsengiyumva Théogène yari ku kibuga cy’indege ategereje umukuru w’igihugu, ari mu mpera z’ikibuga ahagana ku ruhande rufatanye n’ikigo cya Kanombe. Yavuze ko ibisasu byahanuye indege byarashwe bituruka hafi cyane y’aho yari ari: « Numvise ibisasu bitatu biturika birasiwe hafi y’aho nari ndi. Inkomoko yabyo nyishyira ahantu hegereye cyane ikigo

cya gisilikare cya Kanombe, neza rwose hagati y’ikigo n’ikibuga cy’indege, ahatari kure

y’imirima ya kawa yari ihari icyo gihe. Ibyo bisasu byaturukaga ahantu hari intera yegereye

cyane aho nari ndi. Ni ibintu nitayeho neza nk’umusilikare wari ushinzwe umutekano w’ikibuga 510

». Iyamuremye Félicien yari umujandarume w’ikigo cya Kacyiru cyakukiraga Kompanyi y’ikibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe yari ishinzwe umutekano w’abagenzi ku kibuga cy’indege. Yerekana ko ibisasu byarasiwe mu nsi y’ikibuga cy’indege :

« Nari nakoreye ku kibuga cy’indege mw’ijoro ry’uwa 06 Mata 1994. Nari hanze maze

mbona indege iturutse kure mw’ijuru rya Masaka. Abasilikare bari bashinzwe kurinda

Perezida bahise bajya mu birindiro byabo. Hanyuma, numvise igisasu cya mbere maze

mpita ntekereza ko ari indege bahanuye. Mu mwanya muto, ikindi gisasu cyarakurikiye,

sinibuka ariko niba harabaye icya gatatu. Icyo nibuka, ni uko numvise ibyo bisasu nko

mu bilometero bibiri uvuye ku kibuga cy’indege. Hari ahantu hafi y’ikigo cya

gisilikare, hepfo gato y’ikigo511

». Faustin Rwamakuba, yari umwe mu bashoferi ba Perezida Habyarimana, uwo munsi yari yashinzwe gupakira no gutwara imizigo kuva aho perezida yari atuye kugera ku kibuga cy’indege, mu gitondo agenda na ni mugoroba aje. Rwamakuba yari ku kibuga cy’indege ku mugoroba w’uwa 06 Mata akaba avuga ko ibisasu byarashwe bituruka i Kanombe : « Misile

ebyiri zarashe ku ndege zikurikirana. Zaturukaga hepfo y’ikibuga cy’indege kandi zigana aho

indege ituruka kugira ngo zihure nayo mu cyerekezo cy’aho ijya512

». Heri Jumapili ni umugenzuzi w’ikirere wari wakoze mu ijoro ry’uwa 06 rishyira uwa 07 Mata kandi yari atuye mu nkengero z’ikibuga cy’indege. Ku mugoroba w’uwa 06 Mata, yari iwe aruhuka. Yemeza ibi : « Numvise ibisasu bibiri birasiwe hafi cyane y’iwanjye »513. Abandi batangabuhamya bari mu kigo cya Kanombe cyangwa ahahegereye bahuriza ku kintu kimwe : ibisasu byarashwe bituruka hafi y’ikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe514. Kubera intera

509 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali (Shyorongi), ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2008 510 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 08 Ukwakira 2008. Uyu mutangabuhamya ntakwiye kwitiranywa n’undi ufite amazina yombi nk’aye, Kapiteni Nsengiyumva Théogène wavuzwe mu gice cya mbere cy’iyi raporo, watangiye ubuhamya i Gako ku wa 19 Kamena 2008 511 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyamagabe, ku wa 17 Ukwakira 2008 512 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, ku wa 29 gashyantare 2008 513 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rusizi, ku wa 09 Mata 2008 514 Hategekimana Jean-François, ubuhamya i Nyamagabe ku wa 20 Kanama 2008 ; Ntagaranda Pierre-Claver, Huye ku wa 21 Kanama 2008 ; Nyabagabo Félicien, Gicumbi ku wa 19 Nzeri 2008.

178

nto iri hagati y’ahantu havugwa n’abatangabuhamya, ubu buhamya buvuga ko ibisasu byarasiwe hafi cyane y’ikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe bukwiye gushyirwa hamwe n’ubukurikira buhamya ikigo cya Kanombe ubwacyo.

Mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe

Kuri Cyprien Sindano, wategekaga ikibuga cy’indege ku mugoroba w’uwa 06 Mata 1994, ibisasu byaturutse mu kigo cya Kanombe cyangwa se mu ntanzi zacyo. Sindano ahuza abatangabuhamya ba mbere n’abakurikira, ku bijyanye n’ubuhamya bwe bw’umunyamwuga nk’umuntu wari ufite umurimo wo kumenya ibyerekeye indege zose zikoresha ikibuga cya Kanombe no kuba yaritegereje ibibaye kandi nk’umuntu umenyereye imiterere y’aho hantu. Atanga ubuhamya, Sindano yegaragaye ko yari umuyobozi uri mu rwego rusumba izindi ku kibuga cy’indege kandi ko ibyo avuga yabihagarayeho. Yasobanuye neza ko indege ya Perezida yari yamenyekanishijwe i saa mbili n’igice z’ijoro. Igihe amasaha yari yegereje, yabajije mu munara ucunga indege niba bavugana n’indege. Mu munara basubije ko indege igaragara. Sindano yahise asohoka mu biro bye kugira ngo arebe anakurikirane uko igwa. Yavuze ati : « Nagize ntya, mbona ikintu kimeze nk’ikibatsi cy’umuriro kizamuka kirenga inzira indege yari yafashe. Ako kanya, nyuma yaho, icya kabiri kirarasa gihamya indege iri mu kirere

515».

Ku kibazo cyo kumenya aho ibisasu byaturutse, Sindano yasubije atazuyaje : « Nta handi hantu hashoboka, hari rwose ahegereye cyane ikigo cya gisilikare, niba atari mu kigo nyirizina. Ibyo

ari byo byose, ntabwo hari kure cyane y’ikigo cya gisilikare ». Hanyuma, ku byerekeye inzira ibisasu byakurikiye, Cyprien Sindano yasobanuye neza ko « ibisasu byombi byavaga ku butaka bigenda bisanganira indege kandi byavaga iburyo bigana ibumoso

516 ».

Naho umutangabuhamya Mathieu Gerlache, igisobanuro atanga cyo gisumbyeho, kandi kuri we, nta gushidikanya na kumwe kwemewe, yabonye ibisasu biva ku butaka bw’ikigo cya gisilikare bigana ku ndege. Koko rero, Mathieu Gerlache yari mu basilikare b’Ababiligi ba MINUAR kandi yari ku munara ucunga indege wa kera ubwo indege ya Perezida yahanurwaga. Abajijwe ubwa mbere n’abasilikare b’Ababiligi bari mu Rwanda ku itariki ya 13 Mata 1994, mu rwego rw’iperereza ku rupfu rw’abasilikare ba Loni b’Ababiligi, yasobanuye ko, ku itariki ya 06 Mata 1994, yari ku izamu kuri radiyo, mu munara ucunga indege wa kera. Yabonye ko amatara yerekana inzira y’indege yari amaze kwaka kandi mbere yari yahoze azimye, bituma abona neza ibyabaga. Mathieu Gerlache yahise asohoka muri wa munara, yishingikiriza ku kabaraza kugira ngo arebe indege yari igiye kugwa. Igihe indege yegeraga ikibuga, yarabutswe ikintu kimurika kivuye ku butaka kandi mbere yo kwerekana ko ari igisasu cya misile, asobanura neza ko « Icyerekezo cy’aho icyo kintu cyaturutse cyari ikigo cya gisilikare cya KANOMBE

517 ».

Ubu buhamya ni igisobanuro cy’ingenzi mw’itahurwa ry’aho ibisasu byarashwe bituruka kandi bukwiye guhabwa agaciro bukwiye. Ku ruhande rumwe, kubera ko uwabutanze azi neza ahantu

515 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rusizi, ku wa 08 Mata 2008 516 Ibidem 517 Kumva ubuhamya bwa Mathieu Gerlache, Iny. Mvug. N°759/94, 30 Gicurasi 1994, Burigade ya Jandarumori Ishami ry’Ubutabera ry’i Buruseli. Gerlache yari yarumviswe ubwa mbere ku wa 13 Mata 1994 n’ishami ry’ubugenzacyaha rya MINUAR-Kigali kandi yari yatanze ubuhamya busa n’ubu.

179

avuga n’intera iri hagati y’ahantu havugwa hose (ikibuga cy’indege, ikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe na Masaka ) kubera inshingano ze n’ubumenyi bwa gihanga bujyanye n’umwuga we yari afite. Ku rundi ruhande, umutangabuhamya Gerlache yari ahantu hirengeye, mu munara ucunga indege, uri hejuru y’ikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe kiri mu nsi y’ikibuga cy’indege, hakaba ari ahantu haruta ahandi hose ho kwitegerereza indege ziri hafi kugwa. Ubuhamya bwa Mathieu Gerlache bushimangirwa n’ubw’undi musilikare wa MINUAR, Nicolas Moreau, wavuze ko izo misile ebyiri zarashwe zituruka ibumoso zigana iburyo kandi ko inguni zarasiwemo ari nk’iya 70°, bikaba byerekana ko inkomoko y’ibisasu byarashwe ari mu gikingi cy’ikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe mu mipaka yacyo ubwacyo : « Sinigeze mbona indege kuko hari umwijima mu kirere, hari mu ma saa mbili z’ijoro. (…) Ndashaka gusobanura ibyo ari byo

byose ko uhereye ahantu nari ndi, ibisasu byombi byavaga ibumoso bigana iburyo mu kirere.

Inguni yarasiwemo yari nk’iya 70° 518

». Naho nk’uko bigaragara kuri karita, inguni yo kurasiramo uturutse muri CEBOL ifite dogere 30, bikaba byaratumye Komite yemeza ko kurasira mu kigo cya Gisilikare cya Kanombe ari byo byonyine bihura n’izo degrés 70. Ubuhamya bwa Sindano, Gerlache na Moreau buhura n’ubwa Dogiteri Pasuch Massimo (Liyetena Koloneli), umutangabuhamya wiyumviye kandi akibonera ibyabaye wari umuganga mu bitaro bya gisilikare bya Kanombe kandi wari utuye ku mpera z’amajyaruguru agana mu burasirazuba z’ikigo cya Kanombe muri metero nka 500 uvuye aho Perezida yari atuye. Dogiteri Pasuch yavuze ko yumvise « urusaku ‘’rw’icyuka’’ kandi akabona urumuri rwihuta ‘’rufite ibara nk’iry’icunga rihishije’’ (…) rwakurikiwe n’imyoromo ibiri ». Kuva icyo gihe, Dogiteri Pasuch ntiyongeye « kumva urusaku rw’indege519». Iyo igisasu cyahanuye indege kiza kurasirwa i Masaka, Dogiteri Pasuch n’umushyitsi we, Dogiteri Daubresse Daniel, na we w’umusilikare w’umuganga w’Umubiligi (majoro ) wari kwa Dogiteri Pasuch, ku mugoroba w’uwa 06 Mata 1994, ntibaba barashoboye kumva icyuka cy’ibisasu bari hagati mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe aho Pasuch yari atuye. Nta shiti, ibisasu byarasiwe ahantu hatari kure y’aho uyu muganga yari atuye.

Undi muntu utari umutangabuhamya kuri ibyo bintu byabaye ariko wakoze amaperereza y’umwugakw’ihanurwa ry’indege Falcon 50, Kapiteni Sean Moorhouse, yageze ku mwanzuro uvuga ko ibisasu byarasiwe mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe. Koko rero, Sean Moorhouse yahoze ari umusilikare mukuru w’ingabo z’Ubwongereza wakoze mu Rwanda kuva mu kwezi kwa Nzeri 1994 kugera mu kwa Werurwe 1995 mw’itsinda rya MINUAR II ryari rishinzwe gukusanya amakuru, riyobowe na Jenerali Guy Toussignat, wasimbuye Dallaire. Sean Moorhouse yabwiye Komite ko kuva yagera mu Rwanda, Jenerali Toussignat yamushinze gukusanya amakuru by’umwihariko kw’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida no kuri Jenoside. Kugira ngo uwo murimo utungane, hashyizweho itsinda ry’inzobere enye mu by’amaperereza, rigizwe n’abantu bane barimo Sean Moorhouse ubwe, umunyakanada, umunyaositaraliya n’umunyamerika. Sean Moorhouse yasobanuye neza ko mu kazi kabo, bakusanyije amakuru aturuka ahantu henshi yaje gusuzumwa, akayungururwa, akanasesengurwa kugira ngo bagumane gusa afite ukuri kurusha ayandi. Ku bijyanye n’ihanurwa ry’indege, Sean Moorhouse yavuze ko

518 Urubanza rwa Ntuyahaga, inyandiko mvugo. N° 805/94 yo ku wa13 Kamena 1994, Urukiko rwa gisilikare Buruseli 519 Iny. Mvug. y’ubuhamya bwo ku wa 9.5.1994 Pasuch Massimo yahaye urukiko rwa gisilikare rw’i Buruseli.

180

amakuru bakusanyije yatumye iryo tsinda risanga « indege ya Perezida w’u Rwanda

yarahanuwe n’abazungu batatu babifashijwemo n’abasilikare barinda Perezida kandi ibisasu

byayihanuye byararasiwe mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe520

».

Ibivugwa ku batangabuhamya n’inkuru zabo

Abatangabuhamya bahoze mu ngabo z’u Rwanda batera amakenga kubera ko abenshi mu bari bagize igisilikare barimo abari kw’isonga y’abakoze Jenoside n’ubundi bwicanyi, kimwe no kugerageza guhirika ubutegetsi kwazahaje inzego nkuru z’igihugu. Ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida Habyalimana ni kimwe mu bikorwa bikomeye by’uwo mugambi wo guhirika ubutegetsi. Ku rundi ruhande, amacenga y’abahoze ari ingabo z’u Rwanda ashaka kwemeza ko bavumbuye ibibunda birasa za misile, i Masaka, yari agamije nta shiti gushyira kure y’ ikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe n’ahacyegereye ahakekwa kuba hararasiwe ibisasu byahanuye indege. Ndetse mbere bari bavuze ko yasiwe CND aho FPR yari iri ndetse na Kabuga ariko baza kuhareka kuko bitashobokaga kubera ko ari kure cyane y’aho ibibunda birasa misile bishobora kugeza ibisasu byabyo. Ku byerekeye abatangabuhamya bahoze mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda bemeza ko aharasiwe misile ari aho Perezida yari atuye nyirizina cyangwa ahegereye urupangu rwaho cyangwa se mu gice cy’ikibanza Perezida yari atuyemo, ikintu ubu buhamya bwabo bwerekana ni uko buhurira ku mwanzuro ko ahantu haturutse ibisasu byahanuye indege ya Habyalimana ari mu ifasi yegereye cyane aho Perezida yari atuye n’ikigo cya gisilikare cy’i Kanombe, bizwi ko hacungwaga ku buryo bukomeye n’imitwe yihariye y’abasilikare bahoze mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, by’umwihariko abari bashinzwe kurinda Perezida na batayo para-komando. Naho impuguke mu by’indege bari ku kibuga, muri bo Komanda w’Ikibuga cy’Indege Cyprien Sindano n’umugenzuzi mukuru mu by’indege Heri Jumapili, icyiza cyabo ni uko ari abanyamwuga bamenyereye ikibuga cy’indege no hafi yacyo, ahari ikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe n’aho Umukuru w’Igihugu yari atuye kandi bakaba bafite ubumenyi bujyanye n’ingendo z’indege. Ubuhamya bwabo buri mu bufite ireme kugirango bwizerwe ku bijyanye n’aho misile zarashwe zituruka. Ku basilikare ba MINUAR bavuzwe mbere, ubuhamya bwabo biraruhije kubushidikanyaho. Nk’abantu bari bazi neza ikibuga cy’indege n’ahagikikije, n’abatangabuhamya bari mu mirimo yabo y’indorerezi igihe indege ihanurwa kandi babonye neza uko ibintu byagenze. Mathieu Gerlache yari ahantu hirengeye ha metero nk’esheshatu, hahanamiye ikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe kandi yari ariho areba indege. Gerlache avuga ko yabonye ibisasu bya misile biva ku butaka bikagera ku ndege. Yakurikiye inzira yabyo n’icyo byakoze ku ndege maze asobanura neza ko byaturutse mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe. Gerlache yahise akorera raporo abayobozi be kandi akorera raporo igipolisi cya MINUAR gishinzwe ubutabera ; hanyuma yatanze ubuhamya mu rukiko rwa gisilikare rw’Ababiligi, i Buruseli, kw’itariki ya 30 Gicurasi 1994, ukwezi kumwe gusa nyuma y’ibyabaye akaba kandi yarabivuze mbere rugikubita ndetse no kubitangira ubuhamya mu gipolisi cya MINUAR .

520 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Cotonou, ku wa 04 Ukuboza 2008

181

Ubuhamya bwa Nicolas Moreau na bwo burakomeye kuko, nk’umusirikare ubihugukiwemo, yahise abara ibipimo by’inguni misile zarasiwemo, akabona degrés 70. Rero, nk’uko biboneka ku gishushanyo cyabikorewe kiri ku mugereka521, uretse ko Masaka-CEBOL yaretse kuba mu hantu hashobora gukekwa ko ari ho ibisasu byarashwe bituruka, umubare wa degrés 70 zapimwe werekana ko mu gikingi cy’ikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe ari ho hantu harasiwe misile zahanuye indege Falcon 50 yaguyemo Perezida Habyalimana n’abo bari kumwe.

Abahanuye indege

Ubuhamya bwavuzwe haruguru, by’umwihariko ubwavuye ku batangabuhamya bari ku kibuga cy’indege, butuma abahanuye indege Falcon 50 ya Perezida Habyalimana bagaragara. Koko rero, ikibuga cy’indege cy’i Kanombe kiri ku murambi uri haruguru y’ikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe uboneje rwose neza ukurikiye inzira indege zicaho ugana i Burasirazuba. Umubande wa Nyarugunga wo uri munsi y’icyo kigo cya gisilikare, mu cyerekezo kimwe cy’i Burasirazuba cy’inzira indege zinyuramo zigwa ku kibuga. Agasozi kose ka Masaka (kuva mu kabande kugera mu mpinga) kari kure (ibirometero 10 uvuye ku kibuga cy’indege, ibirometero bibiri urebeye mu kirere); karaboneka neza iyo umuntu ari ku kibuga cy’indege. Agasozi ka Masaka kaboneka kurushaho iyo umuntu ari mu munara wa kera ucunga indege ureshya na metero 6 ku buryo umuntu abona amanuye amaso igice cyose cyo ku mpera z’inzira indege zinyuramo (icyerekezo cy’i Burasirazuba), akareba ikigo cyose cya Kanombe n’umubande wa Nyarugunga, kugeza ku gasozi ka Masaka haruguru. Ntibishoboka rero, ku muntu ureba (n’iyo byaba mu ijoro) ari ku kibuga cy’indege, noneho anarebera mu munara ucunga indege witegeye aho hantu hose, kudashobora kumenya gutandukanya aho hantu hatatu asanzwe azi kandi abona cyane cyane ko hafite ubutumburuke bunyuranye no kumenya aharasiwe misile. Iyo misile iza kurasirwa i Masaka, nta gushidikanya ko, ababirebaga kandi biboneye ubwabo ibyabaye, bajyaga kumenya nta kwibeshya ko ari ho ibisasu byarashwe bituruka. Ikindi kandi, ntibishoboka ko, muri icyo gihe cy’imidugararo ikomeye kubera intambara hagati ya FPR n’ingabo z’u Rwanda yari imaze imyaka ine, abasilikare batari ab’ingabo z’u Rwanda baba barashoboye gucengera ngo bahanure indege bari mu gikingi cy’ikigo cya gisilikare cy’i Kanombe kandi harinzwe n’imitwe y’ingabo ikomeye kurusha iyindi uretse no kuba muri metero nkeya z’ingoro y’Umukuru w’Igihugu. Byongeye kandi, ntihabe harabayeho na gato kurwanya uwateye! Kubera ibyo, ku bwa Komite, nta gushidikanya ko ibisasu byarasiwe mu gikingi cya gisilikare cya Kanombe aho abantu batabifitiye uruhushya batashoboraga kwinjira. Kubera izo mpamvu, Komite irahamya ko abasilikare b’Ingabo z’u Rwanda ari bo bahanuye indege ya Perezida Habyarimana. Dusobanure neza ko igikingi cy’ikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe kigizwe n’inkambi ya gisilikare nyirizina n’ibindi bice bigikubiyemo. Kigizwe n’amazu y’abasilikare, ibitaro, amacumbi y’abaterankunga mu bya gisilikare, ndetse n’imirima n’ikindi gice ahari irimbi ry’abasilikare hamwe n’ishyamba rinini bihagije aho abasilikare bamashiraga bakahakorera n’iyindi myitozo ya gisilikare.

521 Reba haruguru.68

182

UMWANZURO RUSANGE Ibimenyetso byinshi byakusanyijwe mw’iperereza no mw’isuzuma ry’ibintu bifatika ku byerekeye ihanurwa ry’indege Falcon 50 ya Perezida Habyarimana, mw’ijoro ry’uwa 06 Mata 1994, byatumye Komite igera ku mwanzuro w’uko ari Ingabo z’u Rwanda zagize uruhare mw’itegurwa ry’umugambi mubisha no mw’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryawo. Nyuma yo kwisubiraho inshuro nyinshi, Perezida Habyarimana yarashyize, mu mboneko z’ukwezi kwa Mata 1994, yemera ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri demokarasi no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyari bikubiye mu Masezerano y’Arusha byagombaga kugaragarira mw’irahira ry’abagize Guvernoma y’Inzibacyuho Yaguye n’abagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Inzibacyuho. Intagondwa z’abari bamukikije, barimo Théoneste Bagosora, Anatole Nsengiyumva, Mathieu Ngirumpatse na Joseph Nzirorera, bari barwanyije bimazeyo ayo masezerano, bakiriye icyemezo cya Perezida cyo kuyashyira mu bikorwa nk’intambwe ya nyuma itakwihanganirwa mu kubangamira inyungu zabo muri politiki no mu bukungu, maze kuva ubwo bemeza gukuraho Perezida Habyarimana bafataga nk’umugambanyi. Koko rero, ishyirwaho ry’inzego zari ziteganijwe mu Masezerano y’Arusha ryari gutesha izo ntagondwa inyungu nyinshi nko gusonerwa ku mahoro binyuranyije n’amategeko, gucuruza magendu n’izindi nyungu babonaga kubera ubutegetsi bari barihariye mu Rwanda kuva mu 1973. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Amasezerano y’Arusha ryabonwaga kandi nk’urwaho ruhawe umwanzi wabo, FPR, rwo kwinjira muri politiki no mu gisilikare ndetse no kugabana ubutegetsi, ibyo bakaba barabonaga atari ibyo kwihanganirwa. Ubwo bwoba bari bafitiye FPR bwari bushimangiwe n’uko abenshi mu basilikare b’ingabo z’u Rwanda bari bagiye kujya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru maze imyanya yabo bakayisigira abasilikare n’aba ofisiye b’Inkotanyi (A.P.R.). Irimburwa ry’Abatutsi n’iyicwa rya Perezida Habyarimana byahise bihurizwa mu mushinga umwe wo kugundira ubutegetsi bihariye. Kugira ngo bagere ku cyo bashakaga, abahanuye indege ya Perezida Habyarimana bakoresheje uburyo bubiri: ubwa politiki n’ubwa gisilikare. Mbere na mbere, abayobozi b’intagondwa bibumbiye muri Hutu power bateganije ibikorwa byo kuburagiza abasilikare b’Ababiligi bo muri MINUAR kugira ngo babananize bave mu Rwanda maze MINUAR ibure abasilikare b’abahanga kandi bafite ibikoresho bikomeye. Icyabibateraga ni ukumva ko abasilikare b’Ababiligi bamaze kugenda, MINUAR yasigara nta ntege maze Ingabo z’u Rwanda zikaba zahangana nayo iramutse ishatse kubabuza guhirika ubutegetsi no gukora Jenoside, naho mu rwego rwa gisilikare bakoresheje ishyirahamwe AMASASU ryategekwaga na Koloneli Bagosora bitaga Komanda Mike Tango. Guhera mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 1994, abari kw’isonga rya Hutu power n’iry’AMASASU batangiye ibikorwa byinshi bitaziguye byo gushotora ku mugaragaro abasilikare b’Ababiligi kandi batunganya uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza inkuru zo gusebya Ababiligi babinyujije ku bitangazamakuru bari bamaze gushinga birangwa no gushyushya imitwe, birimo ikinyamakuru Kangura na Radiyo Televiziyo Libre des Mille Collines (R.T.L.M.). Ni uko abanyamakuru ba RTLM, nka Georges Ruggiu, Valérie Bemeriki, Noël Hitimana na Gaspard Gahigi, bahagurutse n’ingoga nyinshi bakikoma Ababiligi banasaba abaturage gufata abasilikare ba MINUAR b’Ababiligi n’Ababiligi muri rusange nk’ibyitso bya FPR n’abanzi b’igihugu kimwe n’Abatutsi. Ku itariki ya 27 z’ukwezi kwa Mutarama 1994, inzego z’iperereza za MINUAR zerekanye ko

183

nyuma y’inama yari yabereye ku Kimihurura, mu gitondo cy’uwo munsi, ku cyicaro cya MRND, RTLM yari yatanze itangazo mu kinyarwanda rikangurira abantu, ku mugaragaro kandi ku buryo butaziguye, guhohotera Ababiligi. Koloneli André Vincent, umuyobozi w’ubutwererane mu bya tekiniki ya gisilikare mu Rwanda yasabye abayobozi b’u Rwanda gukuraho iryo sebanya ariko ntiyagira igisubizo abona. Abatangabuhamya benshi b’Abanyarwanda, nka Jean-Marie Vianney Mvulirwenande, umujyanama mw’itumanaho wa Perezida Habyarimana kugera mu kwezi kwa Mata 1994, bavuze ko hari uwo mwuka mubi wo kwibasira Ababiligi kandi berekana ko ari abanyapolitiki b’Abahutu b’intagondwa nka Ferdinand Nahimana n’abakuru b’abasilikare nabo b’intagondwa barimo Theoneste Bagosora bari kw’isonga ry’iryo sebanya. Abasilikare bo mu bashinzwe kurinda Perezida n’abo muri batayo para-komando batoranijwe na ba Majoro Mpiranya na Ntabakuze, boherezwa, bambaye gisivili, mu myigaragambyo y’amashyaka ya politiki, bafite ubutumwa bwo guteza imvururu bafatanije n’insoresore z’Interahamwe n’Impuzamugambi, kugira ngo bashoze intambara hagati yabo n’abasilikare b’Ababiligi bo muri MINUAR. Iyicwa ry’abasilikare 10 ba Loni b’Ababiligi, ku wa 07 Mata 1994, ryabaye indunduro y’ibyo bamamazaga kandi ryabagejeje ku cyo bifuzaga: gutaha kw’ abasilikare b’Ababiligi.

Umugambi wacuzwe wari ufite kandi ishami rya gisilikare, ryashishikarije imitwe ya gisilikare yihariye y’Ingabo z’u Rwanda uburyo bwo kurwanya FPR n’Imishyikirano y’Arusha nk’ibikorwa byihutirwa kandi bikenewe cyane. Abatangabuhamya benshi bavuga ko abasilikare bakuru bo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda bayoboraga ibigo bikomeye kurusha ibindi nka za batayo para-komando, abashinzwe kurinda Perezida, Ubutasi n’abo mu mutwe w’Abarwanya indege, bamaganaga bivuye inyuma imishyikirano y’Arusha maze bagasaba abasilikare bayoboye kwitegura intambara aho kugira ngo abasilikare ba APR binjizwe mu ngabo z’u Rwanda. Abo batangabuhamya barahuza bemeza ko abategekaga ibyo bigo, by’umwihariko Majoro Ntabakuze, bacengezaga mu basilikare babo kutemera Amasezerano y’Arusha, cyane cyane ku byerekeye ivangwa ry’igabo z’impande zombi. Liyetena Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva we, ku ruhande rwe, yabwiye Perezida Habyalimana ko bazamwica naramuka ahirahiye agashyira mu bikorwa Amasezerano y’Arusha. Ni ngombwa kwerekana ko aya masezerano ya nyuma yagombaga gusiga igisirikare kivanze gifite abasilikare 13000 n’abajandarume 6000 barimo 40% ba FPR na 60% ku ruhande rwa Guverinoma yagombaga kugira abasilikare n’abajandarume 11400 naho FPR ikagira 7600. Birazwi ko mu bihe bya nyuma mbere ya Mata 1994, abasirikare ba Guverinoma bageraga ku mubare wa 35 000, ni ukuvuga ko 23 600 muri bo bagombaga kuvanwa mu gisilikare cya Guverinoma, bihwanye na 67%, ibi rero byatumaga abenshi muri bo bahagarika umutima bakarwanya Amasezerano y’Arusha n’icyemezo cya Perezida cyo kuyashyira mu bikorwa. Ni nako kandi byari bimeze mu basilikare bakuru. Abatangabuhamya banasobanuye neza ko Koloneli Bagosora, n’ubwo yari yarashyizwe mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru mu gisilikare, mu gihe yivumburaga mu mishyikirano y’Arusha mu mwaka w’1993, avuga ko atashye mu Rwanda gutegura umunsi w’imperuka w’Abatutsi, yajyaga kenshi mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe akahatanga inyigisho z’ubukangurambaga abasaba kwitegura kwirukana burundu FPR igasubira muri Uganda aho kwemera igisilikare kivanze no kugabana ubutegetsi. Abasilikare bakuru b’Ababiligi bo muri MINUAR n’abo mu butwererane

184

mu bya tekiniki ya gisilikare, bari bafitanye ubucuti n’abayobozi b’igisilikare cy’u Rwanda, babonye na bo ayo matwara y’ubutagondwa bw’abasilikare bakuru bo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda n’ukuntu bari biyemeje, mu cyumweru cyabanjirije ihanurwa ry’indege, kuburizamo Amasezerano y’Arusha. N’ubwo yari yarabwiwe kuva kera ko naramuka yemeye amasezerano y’Arusha bazamukuraho, umugambi wo kumwica wacuzwe igihe bigaragaye ko agiye kuyashyira mu bikorwa nta yandi mananiza. Intambwe za nyuma zo gusohoza uwo mugambi zatewe nyuma y’inama yo ku wa 02 Mata 1994, yabereye ku Gisenyi, yahuje Perezida Habyarimana, Uwari uhagarariye Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu Rwanda, Jacques Roger Booh-Booh, n’ibindi bikomererwa byo muri MRND no mu gisilikare birimo Joseph Nzirorera, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa MRND, Higaniro Alphonse n’abandi, yarangiye Perezida Habyalimana yiyemeje gukuraho inzitizi zose z’ishyirwaho ry’inzego z’inzibacyuho, atitaye ku babirwanya barangajwe imbere na Bagosora na Nzirorera. Ibintu byagiye irudubi ku wa 04 Mata 1994 igihe Perezida Habyalimana ahaye amabwiriza Umuyobozi w’Ibiro bye, Enock Ruhigira, yo kwandika itangazo rimenyesha ko abagize Guverinoma n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko by’inzibacyuho bazarahira ku itariki ya 08 Mata 1994, yaraye avuye mu nama i Dar-es-Salaam. Ni bwo rero kuri iyo tariki ya 4 Mata 1994, Koloneli Bagosora yatangiye gukora ibishoboka we na bagenzi be ngo bahirike ubutegetsi, aribyo byavuyemo igikorwa cyo kwica Perezida Habyarimana. Mu gusoza iri perereza umwanzuro Komite yagezeho, nyuma yo gusesengura ibikubiye muri iyi Raporo, ni uko intagondwa z’abasirikare bari, tariki ya 6 Mata 1994, mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda, ari bo bahanuye indege Falcon 50 N° 9XR- NN yaguyemo Perezida Juvénal HABYARIMANA n’abari kumwe nawe.