sinh thái công nghiệp

Hc phn : SINH THI CNG NGHIP

1 Cuc cch mng cng nghip ln III

Tm tt: Bo co bn v cc him ho con ngi , ang v s i mt trong th k 21, m xut pht im ca chng li chnh t 2 cuc cch mng cng nghip(CMCN) ln I v ln II. Phn tch lm r cc nguyn nhn v u li dn n nhng h lu tiu cc cho tng lai tri t. T a ra cc gii php sng to cho mt nn cng nghip mi ly cm hng t thin nhin (h sinh thi) tin n mt cuc cch mng cng nghip ln III. Cui cng, xut mt s gii php cho nn cng nghip sn xut nc ta.

Bao gm cc phn:

I. t vn II. Tch cc, tiu cc t hai cuc CMCN III. So snh gia h sinh thi v nn cng nghip IV. Cuc CMCN ln III v cc gii php. V. ng dng cho nc ta nh th no?

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I. t vn

V Tr ca chng ta l mt v tr vt l. Mi s sng v mi vt quanh ta u vn hnh theo cc nh lut vt l hon ton c th on c. Mi quan h thit yu gia cc nh lut vt l, l thuyt vt l v nhng iu kin cn thit cho vic sn xut, tiu dng v sng cn ca chng ta khng c quan tm cho lm trong cc lp hc hin nay. Nhng ta c th thy rng, nh vic quan st cc lut vt l hc m chng ta hiu c nhng thay i nh ca nhit , p sut v m c th to ra nhng iu phi thng trong gii t nhin. Vi v p, s n gin v tnh hiu qu, cc sn phm y lm lu m nhng thnh qu k thut bin i gen. ng lc y thi thc chng ta thi tm hiu cch thc t nhin s dng vt l.

Hn na, nhiu nh khoa hc tha nhn rng cch y my t nm, s sng trn tri t tin ho v thch nghi vi iu kin tng i n nh. Mi loi sinh vt hc cch hot ng vi nhng g hin c ti ch. c to thnh bi cc nh lut khng th tch khi vt l, mi loi vi cuc hnh trnh ko di hng t nm trn con ng tin ho bit cch vt qua



nhng thch thc sng cn, ch s dng nhng g c c v lm nhng g chng c th lm tt nht.

Ngc li, sau mt t nm tin ho cc loi, ch c loi ngi khn ngoan mi tm ra cch kim sot cn bng ng ca t nhin vn chu tc ng ca cc lc vt l. Chng ta thu hoch nng lng s dng mt cch tu - ban u t la, ri n nhin liu ho thch v nng lng ht nhn. Chng ta khai thc v nho nn vt cht lm nn nhng sng ch. Tuy nhin, nhng thnh tu ca nn cng nghip lm cng sc chu ti ca hnh tinh chng ta. Vic sn xut hoang tong v tiu dng phung ph m li nhng iu ngoi mun chng ta v ph hu hay gy tn hi cho nhng g cc h thng t nhin to ra hng ngn nm. Chng ta ang ng ng ba ng v xem xt cc kh nng la chn cho tng lai. Liu chng ta s chung sng hi ho v hu ch hoc t tiu dit mnh nh chng ta bt u tiu dit cc loi khc hay cht ngp trong s tha thi v ch v lng rc thi to ln ca chng ta?

i ph li vi nhng d bo m m v tng lai, nc M v c Chu u ang ng h tch cc cho mt phng thc sn xut mi, mt t duy mi cho nn cng nghip. Phng thc phi thn thin vi mi trng, khng ch mang li li ch, gim thiu nhim m cn tin n iu l tng pht thi khng. Nhng tng hng n mt tng lai pht trin bn vng cho ton nhn loi, thay i nhn thc ca chng ta v n xng ng c vi tn gi CUC CCH MNG CNG NGHIP LN III

Nh Leonardo da Vinci tm tt c ng v h sinh thi v bo tn vt cht Mi th u n t mi th; mi th u lm bng mi th; mi th u bin thnh mi th, tt c nhng g tn ti trong cc nguyn t u c lm bng cc nguyn t.

II. Tch cc, tiu cc t hai cuc CMCN

Tht l lng khi thy x hi hin i t c logic t nhin nh th no. lm mt nh, cc chuyn gia v iu ho nhit li bm kh lnh ln, Mun lm sch nc, chng ta ho cht vo tiu dit mi s sng. Ti sao li tr hn 100 la M cho mi kilowatt gi in t mt pin gy c hi cho mi trng. Mt trm ngn tn titan khai thc v tinh ch nhit cao



b nm vo bi rc khi chng ta thi nhng dao co dng mt ln. Tt c cc thnh tu trn u l cc sng ch trong cc cuc cch mng cng nghip. Mc d, chng ta khng hon ton ph nhn vai tr ca hai cuc cch mng cng nghip, th a nn vn minh loi ngi pht trin rc r sau trong 300 nm gn li y, sau hn 50.000 nm trong hang ng. Cc thnh t chng ta c th k n nh l:

Thnh tu ca Cch mng cng nghip - Nm 1733 John Kay pht minh ra "thoi bay". Pht minh ny lm ngi th

dt khng phi lao thoi bng tay v nng sut lao ng li tng gp i. - Nm 1764 James Hagreaves ch c chic xa ko si ko c 16 - 18 cc

sut mt lc. ng ly tn con mnh l Jenny t cho my . - Nm 1769, Richard Arkwright ci tin vic ko si khng phi bng tay m

bng sc vt, sau ny cn c ko bng sc nc. - Nm 1779 Cromton ci tin my vi k thut cao hn, ko c si nh li

chc, vi dt ra va p va bn - Nm 1785, pht minh quan trng trong ngnh dt l my dt vi ca linh

mc Edmund Cartwright. My ny tng nng sut dt ln ti 40 ln. - Pht minh trong ngnh dt cng tc ng sang cc ngnh khc. Lc by gi, cc

nh my dt u phi t gn sng li dng sc nc chy, iu bt tin rt nhiu mt. Nm 1784, James Watt ph t th nghim ca trng i hc Glasgow (Scotland) pht minh ra my hi nc. Nh pht minh ny, nh my dt c th t bt c ni no. Khng nhng th pht minh ny cn c th coi l mc m u qu trnh c gii ha.

- Ngnh luyn kim cng c nhng bc tin ln. Nm 1784 Henry Cort tm ra cch luyn st "puddling". Mc d phng php ca Henry Cort luyn c st c cht lng hn nhng vn cha p ng c yu cu v bn ca my mc. Nm 1885, Henry Bessemer pht minh ra l cao c kh nng luyn gang lng thnh thp. Pht minh ny p ng c v yu cu cao v s lng v cht lng thp hi .

- Cch mng cng din ra trong ngnh giao thng vn ti. Nm 1814, chic u my xe la u tin chy bng hi nc ra i. n nm 1829, vn tc xe la ln ti 14 dm/gi. Thnh cng ny lm bng n h thng ng st chu u v chu M.

- Nm 1807, Robert Fulton ch ra tu thy chy bng hi nc thay th cho nhng mi cho hay nhng cnh bum.

-

Song song vi con ngi v t nhin cng phi gnh chu v s loi nhim m trc y ng b t tin loi ngi cha tng bit n, do loi



ngi s dng qu nhiu nng lng, thi kh nh knh v gy tn hi cho mi trng. Chng ta ngc nhin khi phi i mt vi bin i kh hu, ngc nhin hn khi chng ta phi i mt 8 mi tin cng ca nhim mi trng bao trm ln mi trng sng l:

Di y l cc hnh thc nhim v cc cht nhim lin quan:

- nhim khng kh, vic x khi cha bi v cc cht ha hc vo bu khng kh. V d v cc kh c l cacbon mnxt, ixt lu hunh, cc cht cloroflorocacbon (CFCs), v xt nit l cht thi ca cng nghip v xe c. zn quang ha v khi ln sng (smog) c to ra khi cc xt nit phn ng vi nc trong khng kh (chnh l sng) xc tc l nh sng mt tri.

- nhim nc xy ra khi nc b mt chy qua rc thi sinh hot, nc rc cng nghip, cc cht nhim trn mt t, ri thm xung nc ngm.

- nhim t xy ra khi t b nhim cc cht ha hc c hi (hm lng vt qu gii hn thng thng)do cc hot ng ch ng ca con ngi nh khai thc khong sn, sn xut cng nghip, s dng phn bn ha hc hoc thuc tr su qu nhiu,... hoc do b r r t cc thng cha ngm. Ph bin nht trong cc loi cht nhim t l hydrocacbon, kim loi nng, MTBE, thuc dit c, thuc tr su, v cc hydrocacbon clo ha.[2]

- nhim phng x t vic s dng nguyn liu ht nhn. - nhim ting n, bao gm ting n do xe c, my bay, ting n cng

nghip - nhim sng, do cc loi sng nh sng in thoi, truyn hnh... tn ti

vi mt ln. - nhim nh sng,hin nay con ngi s dng cc thit b chiu sng

mt cch lng ph nh hng ln ti mi trng nh nh hng ti qu trnh pht trin ca ng thc vt

Chng ta tng say sa xen ln khip s khi xem cc b v ngy tn th, v cu tri cu pht cho mnh khng phi ri vo mt th gii y cht chc nh vy. Nh mt cn c mng ch c trong u c bt bnh thng ca cc tiu thuyt gia khoa hc vin tng, m t s hy dit ca nn vn minh do mt thm ha tn vong nh chin tranh ht nhn,i dch, ngi ngoi hnh



tinh xm lng, va chm vi thin th, ngi my ni lon, k d cng ngh, thoi ha ging ni, hin tng siu nhin, ngy phn xt cui cng, bin i kh hu, cn kit ti nguyn

Ngoi ra cn c mt th loi khc l hu tn th m t vn minh loi ngi sau nhng thm ha trn. Thi gian c th l ngay sau tai nn, xoy vo cc kh khn v i sng tm l ca nhng ngi sng st, hoc mt thi gian sau tn th, khi nn vn minh ban u tr thnh truyn thuyt. Trong cc tc phm hu tn th, i khi vn minh con ngi quay tr li thi i nng nghip hay thp hn, hoc ch cn vi tn tch ca cng ngh.

Tt c nhng th kinh tm chng ta tng tng khng cn l o tng m n ang dn dn tr thnh mt s tht hin nhin. gii thch nguyn nhn gc r v u dn ti s tn dit ca nhn loi, ta quay li 2600 nm trc nghe c Pht ging kinh Qu Bo ca ba nghip c, trong ngi c nhc n 3 th nc c Tham, Sn, Si. M xut pht ca 3 th c trn l Si, tc l ngu dt, thiu hiu bit. Chng ta u bit rng t nhin rt giu c v kh nng cung cp lng thc, nng lng v ch cho mi loi k c 8 t ngi. Trong chng ta cng t ai nhn ra rng t nhin gii sng rt nhiu bi ton qua hn 1 triu nm tin ho, vic ca chng ta khng phi l i gii li v tn thm 1 triu nm na. Chng ta ch cn quan st t nhin tht tinh t v tm ra li gii cho vn ca mnh. H lu ca s thiu hiu bit(Si) chnh l tham lam: ch mun lm li cho mnh v t nc mnh, khai thc tn dit,tn ph t nhin v v cm trc s ngho i. Th hai l sn hn: Mi nm loi ngi chi hng ngn t cho cc cuc chin tranh, quc phng, chng khng b On bo on c cht chng ln nhau. Chng ta c th thy 2 cuc cch mng cng nghip gng lin vi 2 cuc chin tranh th gii v v s cc cuc chin ln nh khc. Nhng tai ho trn theo Pht chnh l Qu ca ci nhn thiu hiu bit(Si) ca loi ngi. Li pht dy suy cho rng ra qu l c l.

Tm li, qua nhng vn c nu ra, chng ta nhn thy rng cuc cch mng cng nghip ln 1 v ln 2 thc hin xong nhim v trong lch s pht trin ca loi ngi. N khng cn kh nng gip loi ngi gii quyt cc bi ton hin nay. Mun gii cc bi ton ny cn phi pht minh ra cc quy lut pht trin mi. May mn thay, chng ta tm ra quy lut , n c sng trong t nhin. Vic xy dng mt h thng cng nghip mi ly cm



hng t cc h thng sinh thi t nhin l mt gii php khng phi mi, nhng trong cha v tn cc tng t v s cc loi ng vt, thc vt, vi sinh vt III. So snh gia h sinh thi v nn cng nghip

Trong mt h sinh thi, da vo cc l thuyt sinh hc chng ta u bit rng cc sinh vt trong t nhin, do s thay i hon cnh, mi trng sng(hiu theo ngha rng), cng gp nhiu vn v chng gii quyt bng cch thay i tp tnh, hnh vi hoc t bin gien, tc l thc hin cc php th khc so vi qu kh. Chn lc t nhin o thi cc php th sai, gi li cc php th ng l li gii v ch c sinh vt gii quyt c cc vn ca mnh mi sng st, tin ho v pht trin n ngy nay.

Cng v sau nhiu ln th v sai mi c li gii, ch c c th, ging loi no c kh nng th vi s lng ln v a dng mi thch nghi c vi s thay i v c chn lc t nhin gi li. VD: chn chn th thai, trong mi mililt tinh dch ca ngi n ng phi c khong 3 triu tinh trng tr ln. t hn s lng ny bi ton c nguy c khng c li gii.

Tt c cc php th trn u hng n mt h sinh thi mi c tip nhn y cc chc nng mi, n nh trong qu trnh hot ng v bn vng vi thi gian.

Ta c th thy rt nhiu mt i lp gia h sinh thi v nn cng nghip hin i ca chng ta hin nay qua 4 sau:

LNG PH

Nhiu ngnh sn xut da vo nng nghip,cng to ra mt lng cht thi qu ln. Nh my bia ch s dng tinh bt t la mch v loi b phn cn li. Trng la ch ly ht, nhng phn khc, nht l rm r b xem nh cht thi. Bp canh tc cng ch dng ht lm thc n gia sc,cht do hay nhin liu sinh hc. C ba ginh nhau ci ht nh y nn gi bp tang vt. V vy nhiu ngi dn cc nc ang pht trin chu M la tinh khng cn kh nng mua arepas hay tortillas, nhng thc n chnh chng i ca h. Ri c ph,ngoi tr nhn ht, cc phn cong li u b cho thi ra; hay vic sn xut ma ch dng 17% lm ng, cn li phn ln th t b. n



cy xenluloza lm giy,nhng hn 70% sinh khi ca n b thiu hy. ng u sanh sch pht thi kh nh knh l metan thot ra t phn b sa thi ra v khng c x l. Bt c khi no chng ta khng bit lm g vi cht thi th chng b loi b. iu hon ton tng phn vi cch thc hot ng ca cc h sinh thi trong t nhin.

a s cc ngnh cng nghip ca chng ta u to ra khi lng rc rt ln. So vi khu dn c, lng cht thi pht ra t vic khai thc m,sn xut v phn phi sn phm nhiu gp 71 ln. Ngoi ra, cn c cht thi ht nhn, t trn ln kim loi nng, nc ngm nhim crom, bi chon rc y nhng chai nha vt b. Cn b t s tiu dng ca chng ta cn c chn nhng khu t tp trung v c tiu hy khi khi lng tch t qu ln. Tht gi di nu ni rng t rc s to ra nng lng. Phn nhiu rc c thiu hy ch gim khi lng v nc trong bc hi. Ngoi tr nc ra, a s cc thnh phn ca rc u tn li.

Hng nm Hoa K, c tnh chi ph dnh ring cho vic vn chuyn rc n cc bi cha ln n con s gy sng st l 50 t la. Nu cng thm chi ph thu gom, chuyn ch, phn loi v vt b cht thi t ngnh xy dng, nng nghip, khai thc qung m v cng nghip th ph tn qu mc kh tin c l mt ngn t la. Nh vy, s tin chi cho rc hng nm nhiu hn gi kch thch kinh t nm 2008 ca c nc M, v cng nhiu hn thm ht ngn sch to ln chu u do chnh ph cc nc ny phi bm s tin tng ng vo cc ngn hng suy yu. Trong khi nhng khon tin h tr hng ngn t ny c coi l mt hot ng hu ch cho nn kinh t quc gia, th r rng vic qun l rc qu tn km qu l v ch v to ra nhng vic lm chng khi no nn xp vo loi thn thin vi mi trng. S dng t lm ch cha rc l iu bt hp l. Khng th chp nhn nc r c hi v chi ph ngn chn n mt chi ph m ton x hi phi tr, ch cc cng ty khng c yu cu phi khu tr vo li nhun ca h.

CHO N RC THI NH TH NO

C l chng ta s hiu vic thi rc khng phi l vn chng ta phi gii quyt. Nu mt sinh vt khng to ra rc, rt c th n khng cn sng hoc t ra cng mc bnh rt nng. Vn cn x l y l chng ta



phung ph rc m chng ta thi ra. Bn hy lu rng qu trnh bin i rc thnh thc phm va tiu dng va sn xut nng lng cho nhng ng dng thng mi cng nh trong gia nh th cc h sinh thi khng bao gi cn ni in. Khng mt thnh vin no ca h sinh thi phi s dng nhin liu ha thch hay in li c u ra; v cng khng mt h thng t nhin no li x rc. Trong t nhin, cht thi t qu trnh ny lun l cht dinh dng, vt liu hay ngun nng lng cho mt qu trnh khc. Mi th u nm trong dng dinh dng. Do , bng cch p dng cc m hnh quan st c mt h sinh thi, chng ta c th tm thy gii php khng ch cho cc vn nhim mi trng m cn cho tnh trng thiu ht trong kinh t na. C l chng ta s c kh nng xoay chuyn tnh th lng nan bng cch m rng tm nhn ca chng ta v t b khi nim cht thi.

Cn c vo nhng kh nng thay th khng c tc ng hay sn phm ph (side effect) c hi, n lc phi thc y cc nh khoa hc v doanh nghip chp nhn nhng quy trnh sn xut bn vng. Cng nghip v thng mi cn c h tr c th nhn bit c hi kinh doanh gn lin vi mt cch tip cn nh th, cng nh thy r gi tr ca nhng mi trng h tr sc khe v i sng.

T TI S PHONG PH

Nhng ngi hoi nghi c th bin lun rng vic m phng cc h sinh thi t nhin ch c th thnh cng nu vt qua c mi kh khn, nhng trn thc t, cc h thng y c thit k theo mt cch kh c th tht bi. Cc h thng y cung cp nhng m hnh sn xut hiu qu v tiu dng ng mc c kh nng hot ng tt v rt hp dn. Mc d chng ta ht sc ngng m v ca tng mt loi sinh vt c th, nhng chnh cc h sinh thi a dng trn khp th gii mi cho thy nhng cch thc hiu qu p ng nhu cu c bn ca mi ngi bng nhng g c c a phng.

l mt nguyn tc c bn ca Sinh Thi Cng Nghip tng phn vi cch thc hot ng trong giai on hin ti ca lch s kinh t, khi mt h thng c thit k bng nhng g chng ta khng c. Bn hy dng li, ngm ngh: mi h sinh thi u t ti tnh trng t tc. Mc d ban u chng ta c th cm nhn s khan him nhng nu nhn k hn, chng ta



s thy mt thc t phong ph v a dng. Cng phong ph chng no, n cng c nhiu u ra hn vi s u vo t hn v tnh a dng cng s ln hn. Cc h sinh thi khng pht trin thnh c ch c quyn vi mt t u th chi phi tt c. Chng ph by nhng c tnh gn vi iu kin th trng m nh sng lp kinh t hc hin i Adam Smith xut; hng ngn u th iu chnh chnh xc hot ng ca mnh, nh th c mt bn tay v hnh hng h n s phn phi v s dng ngun lc tt nht.

BN VNG

Rt thng khi ngnh cng nghip tm thy nhng cht t nhin thay th cc sn phm hiu qu nhng c hi, ri sn xut nhng cht y theo phng thc truyn thng un nng, tng p , to ra mt du chn carbon qu ln. Hay khi ngnh cng nghip tm thy nhng gii php sinh hc, nhng chc chn t c nhng kt qu c th d on trc , h li dng phng php nhn dng v tnh v th thut bin i gen. Nh vy, vic ly cm hng t t nhin tm nhng hp cht thay th sn phm tiu chun ca th trng i hi nhiu hn mt s thay i n thun t hp cht ny sang hp cht khc . Hp cht v h thng sn xut phi m phng cc qu trnh t nhin t ti s hi t trng thi bn vng theo mong mun. H sinh thi cung cp mt cm nang da vo vt l v t nhin cho vic la chn vt liu v phng php sn xut.Trn c s , n xng mt dng thc sng to v ti to, mt dng thc ca nhng i mi kh thi. Nh vy, chng ta c c sn phm lu bn, hot ng sn xut v h thng tng th bn vng. V mt li ch kinh t , iu y dn n nhng sn phm nhng quy trnh v m hnh kinh doanh c sc cnh tranh, vt xa nhng hot ng kinh doanh c.

IV. Cuc CMCN ln III v cc gii php.

Chng ta c th tm gn li cc du hiu cho thy s kt thc ca cuc cch mng cng nghip ln 2:

- S cn kit ti nguyn thin nhin, biu hin l s lin tc tng gi du m. i hi cn ngi phi tm cc loi nguyn liu mi.

- nhim mi trng lm chng ta nhn ra phi thay i cch thc sn xut.



- S khng hong ca nn kinh t hin ti, tht nghip ngy mt tng khin chng ta phi suy ngh cch lm mi to nhiu vic lm hn.

NM TR CT CA CUC CCH MNG CNG NGHIP LN III

Cuc Cch mng cng nghip ln III s c nh hng ln i vi th k XXI cng nh hai cuc Cch mng cng nghip u tin i vi th k XIX v XX. V cng ging nh hai cuc cch mng cng nghip trc, n s lm thay i v cn bn cch chng ta sng v lm vic. Cch thc t chc t trn xung ca x hi truyn thng l c trng cho phn ln i sng kinh t, x hi v chnh tr ca nhng cuc cch mng cng nghip da trn nhin liu ha thch ang nhng ch cho nhng mi quan h hp tc v chia s trong thi i cng nghip xanh ang hnh thnh. Chng ta ang chng kin mt s thay i su sc v cch thc t chc ca x hi, chuyn t quyn lc phn cp sang quyn lc ngang hng. Ging nh mi c s h tng truyn thng v nng lng khc trong lch s, nhng tr ct ca mt cuc Cch mng cng nghip ln III phi c dng ln cng lc nu khng nn tng s b v. l v mi tr ct ch c th hot ng trong mi tng quan vi cc tr ct khc. Nm tr ct ca cuc Cch mng cng nghip ln III l:

(1) Chuyn qua s dng nng lng ti to, nguyn liu sch.

(2) Chuyn ha cc cng trnh xy dng thnh cc sinh vt sng ;

(3) p dng cc quy lut ca t nhin vo sn xut sch;

(4) S dng cng ngh Internet chuyn i li in ca tt c cc lc a thnh mt lin mng li chia s nng lng, cht thi, nguyn liu hot ng ging nh Internet.

(5) u t vo gio dc, nghin cu c mt i ng lao ng mi.

Chng ta c th nhn ra rng, nm tr ct trn m phng mt h sinh thi t nhin. Trong cc nh , nh my, cng trnh kin trc c s trao i thng tin (nh internet), nng lng v vt cht( nh h thng lin kt vd: mng in). c bit hn chng ta s dng cc ngun nng lng di do trong nh gi, nh sng Nh vy cc cng trnh, cc phng tin ca chng ta khng cn da trn quy tc 1 chiu : Thu nng lng v x cht thi. Tt c nh c sng tht s trong mt vng tun hon khp kn.



Cc gii php t ph c th thc hin

Xo b hoang mc

Nh hiu r cc quy lut ca t nhin, chng ta s phc hi li nhng g th h trc gy ra cho t nhin. Nhng sa mc, tho nguyn, nhng vng t chua s tr thnh cc rng rm nhit i nh cc quy lut vt l, lut cng sinh gia cc loi sinh vt, gip cy ci c th pht trin trong iu kin kh khn. Vd: s kt hp gia thng Caribe v nm mycorrhiza bin vng tho nguyn kh cn Vichada Columbia tr li thnh rng ma nh xa. Hoc Isareal, mt nc khng c li th v t nhin p dng cc thnh t khoa hc vo sn xut nng nghip trn sa mc, khng ch n trong nc m cn xut i cc nc khc.

Xoy nc thay cho ho cht.

Cc h thng t nhin khng gii quyt vn nhim khun bng cc trn ma ho cht c tnh hu dit. Chng ta c th hc cch t lm sch ca cc dng sng. Li dng vt l v nhu cu dinh dng ca cc h vi khun khc nhau. Chuyn ng cun cun ca cc dng lin tc to ra cc xoy nc. Mt xoy nc lm tng p sut trung tm ca n n mc sc p v lc ma st trong phm vi nanomet chc thng mng vi khun. Ri cc loi vi khun y tr thnh mi cho loi khc y sng. Thc n phn kt hp vi oxy ho tan v nhng vng him kh trong dng sng cho php vi khun v to chuyn ho phn sinh khi d mt cch mau l. ng thi s chuyn i t vng ho tan nhiu oxy n ni thiu khng kh khin cc vi khun hiu kh c hi khng sng st c.

Cng ngh xoy nc hin ang c nghin cu trong vic x l nc thi, sn xut nc sch

Loi di phi thng

Trong t nhin, khi mt con th cht v bt u phn hu, rui bu li c by. chng n v trng. Di nhanh chng xut hin tiu th tht thi ra. Mt tht, vi khun khng cn c hi sinh si ny n. Cn di tr thnh rui hoc b chim, c tiu th. Mt iu t bit di l enzim ca di l



mt loi thuc cha vit thng rt tt c s dng rt lu t th chim th 2.

Ta c th s dng di x l cc cht thi t l m, cc x nghip ch bin c, tht

ch li:

- To vng tun hon vt cht v to vic lm - An ninh lng thc - Gim lng rui cc vng khc(v rui tp trung ht y) - Bo v mi trng.

Khm ph cc kh nng mi v nng lng.

Thin nhin khai thc 6 ngun in: Nhit, nh sng, lc ma st, p sut, t trng v nhng h thng sinh ho. Lc t trng gp phn ln vo vic sn xut in trn ton th gii. Nhng nh my in, cho d l nhit in, thu in, hay ht nhn tt c u ng dng hin tng cm ng

Rui Cht thi

l m

Di

Thc n cho c

Enzim cha vt thng

Ngm nc mui

nh enzim

Thc n cho chim

ct



in t sn xut in. in do nh sng mt tri ngy cng c s dng nhiu hn nhng vi chi ph cao. Nhng dng in yu hn c th sinh ra trc tip t nhit, p sut v lc ma st. Phn ng ho hc trong pin l phng tin sn xut ra in xa nht, mt khc li c tc ng ln i vi chng ta nht. Cc hp cht ho hc to ra ngun in trong c th v ly nguyn liu t thc n. Chng ta c m phng qu trnh to ra cc dng in nh trong c th tng hp li phc v cho mc ch ca ta. C 4 tm nng ang c quan tm trong lnh vc nng lng in:

1. in nng t pH 2. in nng t s chnh lch nhit 3. in to ra bi p lc v sc p. 4. Nng lng in t cc s chuyn ng

Trn y l mt s gii php t ph trong thi gian qua, Tt c cc pht minh trn ang y nhanh tc hng n cuc cch mng cng nghip ln 3. Chng ta c quyn tin tng, lc quan tng lai rng vi s sng to v hn v kh nng cha khm ph ht ca con ngi. Tri t chng ta s tr thnh mt hnh tinh tt p hn.

KH KHN

Chng ta cn bit nhng ro cn ang lm chm qu trnh tin n cuc CMCN ln III. Cng c th ni y l nhng bi ton s m li s giu c cho nhng ai, nhng quc gia no gii quyt c trc.

1. Trnh vn ho v chnh lch giu ngho gia cc nc. y l tr ngi ln nht, thng th vn ho thp dn n thc thp v mi trng, cn ngho kh th hay ph hi mi trng nht.

2. Cc tp on ln sng sng b tin dm cht cc cng ngh mi, nu chng gy thit hi kinh t cho h.

3. Thiu ngun u t vo cc gii php mi, v mc tiu cc nh u t l li nhun, h ch quan tm ci li hin ti v khng my quan tm n cc ngun li tng lai.

4. Khng c ting ni chung gia cc quc gia trong vic cng xy dng mt nn cng nghip mi. Nguyn nhn nm li ch quc gia.



C HI

Song song vi kh khn lun l cc c hi m ra, di y l nhng c hi c c t cuc CMCN ln III:

1. To ra v s cng n vic lm mi. 2. Gim thiu nhim mi trng. 3. Ngn chn cuc chin tranh th gii ln th 3. 4. m bo s pht trin bn vng ca c hnh tinh.

V. ng dng cho nc ta nh th no?

Hin nay, nc ta kh ni ting vi vic xut khu c ph v go trn ton th gii. Hai hot ng xut khu trn li trong nc ta mt lng cht thi kh ln bao gm, v tru, thn cy la v tht ht caf. Mc khc, Khi chuyn sang th k XXI , nm vt qua c ph , tr thnh mt hng trao i nhiu th hai trn th gii. Thit ngh, nc ta c mt ngun nguyn liu rt ln t ph thi ca 2 mt hng ch o c th dng trng nm, trong khi gi nm v nhu cu s dng nm ang tng ln rt nhanh v s nhn thc c gi tr dinh dng v gi tr thuc ca nm. Theo mt thng k mi y: mi ngi M dng 175 gram nm/ nm; ngi Canada gp i ngi M v mi ngi Hng Kng t con s kh n tng 13.6 kg/nm, nu ngi M n nh Canada hay Hng Kng th y chnh l mt c hi to ln cho Vit Nam. Gi y, mt c hi mi xut hin lm tng thm gi tr ca c hai: nm trng trn cht thi c ph, tru v rm. Phn ln cht thi pht sinh nng tri sau khi ly ht, c gi l tht qu. Vic pha ch c ph to ra dng thi th hai gi l b. T khi ht c ph ri nng tri cho n lc nu xong bnh c ph , 99.8% sinh khi b thi b v ch c 0.2% c ngi ung c ph hp th. Trong khi thc t y gp phn lm vn qun l cht thi tr nn nghim trng, hin nay c mt phng php tch cc v sng to chuyn cc dng cht thi t nng tri cng nh t tim c ph ti dng mang cht dinh dng nui nm nc ta, thc t cho thy b c ph c chng minh l mi trng thun li nm pht trin v khng cn phi kh khun v n c ngm nc si. Phng php y m ra mt c hi cha tng c.



LI CH NHIU MT CA M HNH CHUYN HA CHT THI C PH THNH NM N

CHO NGI TIU DNG V NGI SN XUT

CHO HNH TINH CA CHNG TA

GIU HN

C ph cung cp dng cht l tng v mi trng trng nm

T NNG LNG

B c ph c kh trng, khng cn x l thm

SCH HN

C vic pha ch ln vic cy bo t u ch cn nc nng

T metan HN

B c ph s dng nn khng phn hy bi rc v t thi kh nh knh hn

NHANH HN

Caphein khin nm mc nhanh hn

T ng c hn

Thn nm cn li sau thu hoch l thc n l tng cho gia sc

R HN

Nguyn liu min ph

T n cy hn

C ph l mt loi cy g cng v thay th cy si rt tt

B DNG HN

Nm giu protein, li khng c cholesterol v cht bo

T rc hn

Phn ln b c ph c s dng nn cn t bi rc hn

AN NINH

LNG THC

Cht thi t nng sn hng ha bo m lng thc cho a phng

Rt tic cc trang tri cho tht qu c ph thi ra, vin c l phn bn tt. Mi nm, nc ta, c n 1.75(c tnh theo lng c ph xut khu) triu tn cht thi hu c phn hy cc nng tri c ph v bi rc , pht ra hng triu tn kh nh knh . Phng php sn xut nm t tht qu cn lm gim nhu cu khai thc g, ph rng. Nh , cy ci, nht l nhng loi cy g



cng nh si, c th c nh carbon lu di, lm gim tc hi ca bin i kh hu. a cht thi tr li chu trnh dinh dng s n gin ha vic qun l cht thi v ct gim kh metan pht sinh t qu trnh phn hy khi. Nh vy, s kt hp nm vi c ph dn n vic gim mnh mi tiu cc.

Nu nhn c ph t gc pht trin cho t nc, ta s thy rng vic s dng tht qu c ph cc trang tri c th loi tr nhng tc ng tiu cc lm hoen vic c canh c ph trong nhiu thp k. Hn na, c ph vi tnh cch l mt nng sn hng ha ch em li sinh k cho ch nng tri v cng ng ca h khi gi th trng cao. thi im c ph h gi xung di mt ngng nht nh , ch nng tri, gia nh v cng ng ca h phi chu kh. Nhng ln st gi ng k , ci ngho li n khng khip n ni nhiu ngi trng c ph Ty Nguyn cy lp bi c ph, tr li tnh trng canh tc t cung t cp v vi con b trn mnh t ca h v t c c may, v thm ch khng bao gi c c may kim sng na. Mt kh nng nui gia nh v khng c chun b lm vic g khc cu h khi i, ngi ch vn c ph cng v co mnh di cc khon n, tm nhng vic lm lng thp vi mt tng lai u m.



M hnh sn xut nm t tht v b c ph

Vn c ph

Nng Tri

(Ch bin ti ch)

Nh my sn xut c ph

ht c ph

nhn c ph

Khu sn xut NM

Khu chn nui gia sc

Xut Khu

thnh phm

Tim bn c ph

tht c ph

thn nm di t

phn

b c ph

Nm



KT LUN:

Cc nn vn minh xuyn sut lch s tri qua nhng khonh khc quyt nh nhn thc c thi im h buc phi thay i hng i mt cch trit nhm p ng mt tng lai mi hoc i mt vi vin cnh sp . Mt s nn vn minh c kh nng bin i theo thi gian, mt s khc th khng. Tuy nhin, trong qu kh, hu qu khi cc nn vn minh sp ch gii hn trong khng gian v thi gian m khng nh hng n ton th cc loi. iu khin cho thi k ny khc bit chnh l xc sut ngy cng tng ca s thay i nh tnh trong nhit v cu to ca Tri t do bin i kh hu mang li, iu ny c th khi mo s tuyt chng hng lot ca cc loi ng thc vt v cng vi l kh nng tuyt dit quy m ln ca chnh loi ngi.

Nhim v trng yu trc mt ca chng ta l khai thc cc ngun vn cng, vn th trng, v c bit l vn x hi ca loi ngi thc hin s mnh chuyn dch th gii sang nn kinh t Cch mng cng nghip th ba v k nguyn hu carbon. Mt s chuyn i quy m ny s i hi mt bc nhy vt ng thi n vi thc sinh quyn. Ch khi chng ta bt u suy ngh nh mt gia nh ton cu m rng khng ch bao gm loi ngi m cn tt c nhng ngi bn ng hnh khc trong hnh trnh tin ha trn Tri t, chng ta mi c th cu cng ng sinh quyn chung v phc hi hnh tinh ny cho cc th h tng lai.

Ti liu Tham kho:

- The Blue Economy (GS.TS Gunter Pauli) - Cuc Cch Mng Cng Nghip Ln III (Jeremy Rifkin) - http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ch_m%E1%BA%A1ng_c%C3%B4n

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