SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti

krebuli _ `akaki wereTeli. ucnobi publicistika~ _ momzadda da daibeWda saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministros finansuri mxardaWeriT.

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Tbilisi 2010

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UDC(uak) 821.3531-92+821.353.1.09 a-402

winamdebare krebulSi warmodgenilia SoTa rusTavelis

qarTuli literaturis institutis mecnier-teqstologebis mier bolo aTwleulebis manZilze gamovlenili akaki wereTlis publicisturi werilebi, romlebic aqamde ucnobi iyo farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisaTvis. teqstebi aRWur-vilia Sesabamisi samecniero aparatiT, komentarebiTa da sa-ZieblebiT. aRniSnuli masalis dabeWdva, qronologiuri principis dacviT, dagegmilia literaturis institutis mier gamosacemad momzadebul akaki wereTlis TxzulebaTa akademiuri octomeulis Sesabamis tomebSi.

redaqtorebi: irma ratiani maka elbaqiZe Semdgenlebi: nana fruiZe julieta gaboZe elisabed zardiaSvili mxatvari nodar sumbaZe kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa TinaTin duglaZe ISBN 978-9941-0-2952-3

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akaki wereTlis ucnobi publicistika

jer kidev yvelasaTvis ucnobi Wabuki poetis pirveli-ve publikaciebidan gaxda sacnauri, rom daibada mgosani, romlis `bednieri niWis naSuqiT~ gasxivosnebuli Txzu-lebebi avtors `rCeulTa Soris rCeulad~, `erTaderT akakid~ aqcevda. nikolo miwiSvilis TqmiT, `masSi mowinave saqarTvelom miiCnia poetis universaluri tipi, gamo-acxada igi Tavis upirveles poetad, daiviwya misi wodeba, ukuagdo misi gvari, misi adamianuri sisusteni da darCa mxolod `akaki~.

aravisTvis iyo saidumlo, rom `is didi da mravalri-cxovani ganZi, romelic akakim Tavis xalxs misca~ (artur laisti), usaTuTes movla-patronobas iTxovda da es Ta-obebis vali iyo.

poetis sicocxleSive Seecadnen gamomcemlebi misi na-werebis Tavmoyrasa da gamocemas, magram, garemoebaTa gamo, dawyebuli saqme bolomde verasodes mivida. Tavad akakimac ganizraxa, moegvarebina es sakiTxi da sazogado-ebas aRuTqva, rom moamzadebda TxzulebaTa mravaltome-uls, magram, samwuxarod, es gamocema meore tomze Sewyda da poetis survili ganuxorcielebeli darCa. ase rom, akaki wereTlis literaturuli memkvidreoba arc mis si-cocxleSi da arc gardacvalebis Semdeg srulad Sekre-bili da gamocemuli ar yofila.

XX saukuneSi akakis Txzulebebis ramdenime gamocema ganxorcielda: 1. oTxtomeuli al. abaSelisa da s. gorga-Zis redaqciiT (1925-1928); 2. Txzulebani, sruli krebuli Svid tomad pavle ingoroyvas redaqtorobiT (1940-1961); 3. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli TxuTmet tomad giorgi abzianiZis saerTo redaqtorobiT (1950-1963). TiToeul maTgans Tavisi droisaTvis saetapo mniSvneloba hqonda, magram am gamocemebis yvelaze didi xarvezi is gaxldaT, rom maTSi, sxvadasxva mosazrebiT, ZiriTadad ki sabWouri ideologiuri koniunqturis gamo, ver moxvda aTobiT Se-saniSnavi leqsi, poema Tu publicisturi werili. gamoce-mebSi aseve ver Sevida is teqstebi, romlebsac mecnierebma mogvianebiT miakvlies pirad arqivebsa Tu samuzeumo fondebSi. aRniSnuli Txzulebebi ara marto akaki wereTlis idumalebiT moculi poeturi samyaros kidev

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erT waxnags warmoaCens, aramed, pirvel rigSi, mTeli sis-ruliT gvacnobs mas, rogorc mamuliSvilsa da moqalaqes. am TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT sagulisxmoa mkiTxveli sazogadoebisTvis ucnobi akakis publicisturi werile-bi, romlebic pirvelad winamdebare krebulSi ibeWdeba. eWvgareSea, rom mkiTxvelis sagangebo yuradRebas daim-saxurebs akakis statiebi literaturisa da xelovnebis, istoriis, religiisa da kulturis, sazogadoebrivi cxov-rebisa da ekonomikis sakiTxebze. maTSi poeti sagulisxmo Sexedulebebs gvTavazobs saqarTvelos politikuri ori-entaciis, mezobel xalxebTan mimarTebis, e.w. osmalos saqarTvelos problemis Sesaxeb. am dRemde ucnob Tu ukve miviwyebul werilebSi akaki exeba qarTuli eTnofsiqolo-giisa da kulturis genezisis sakiTxebs; sagulisxmo dak-virvebebs gvTavazobs `daselebTan~ dakavSirebiT, calsa-xad uaryofiT damokidebulebas avlens im droisaTvis (da ara mxolod im droisaTvis) moduri karl marqsis moZR-vrebis mimarT; aseve, poeti aqtiurad ganixilavs qalTa emansipaciis sakiTxs, msjelobs qalis rolisa da daniSnu-lebis Sesaxeb qarTul realobaSi da a. S.

krebulSi `akaki wereTeli. ucnobi publicistika~ Tav-moyrili masala ara marto raodenobrivad aris uxvi (57 erTeuli), aramed Tematuradac mravalferovania. bevri maTgani mniSvnelobas moklebuli dResac araa. ase, maga-liTad, sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom im periodis mwiri sulieri sazrdoTi `gakaWkaWebulma da ver gawinaswar-metyvelebulma~ adamianebma poetis sicocxleSive aTas-gvari miTqma-moTqmis sababad aqcies misi da ilias urTi-erTdamokidebulebis sakiTxi. cxadia, akakis upasuxod ar dautovebia es faqti, Tumca aTwleulebis manZilze sazo-gadoebisaTvis praqtikulad ucnobi rCeboda, Tu rogor gamoxata poetma, erTi mxriv, sazogadoebis sibeciT gamo-wveuli gulistkivili da, meore mxriv, Tavisi didi Tana-medrovisa da TanamebrZolisadmi usazRvro pativiscema. werilSi `ilia WavWavaZesTan damokidebulebis Sesaxeb~ gulnatkeni poeti ganmartavs: `romSi yoveli gziT SeiZ-leba Sesvla~ da Tu Cvenc erTi miznis mimdevari ori sxva-dasxva gziT mivdivarT cal-calke, is aRmosavleTis da me dasavleTis gziT, es ar niSnavs uTanxmoebas da mtrobas... akaki ilias yovelgvar nawers qebis taSs ar ukravs. sCans,

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rom emtereba da sZulso. igive Cem Sesaxeb iliazedac amas hfiqroben... Tu mterzedac kargi iTqmis da moyvarezed Zviri, ver warmoudgeniaT~.

sazogadoebisaTvis ukanasknel xanebamde ucnobi iyo somxur-qarTul problematikasTan dakavSirebiT Seqmni-li akakis SesaniSnavi polemikuri xasiaTis werilebi, rom-lebSic poeti ekamaTeba somex mecnierebsa da maT mxardam-WerT. akaki umdidres samecniero masalaze dayrdnobiT aaSkaravebs saqarTvelos kalTis qveS Semofarebul xizan-Ta mtaceblur bunebas da maT Sorsmimaval miznebs; Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom erT-erTi maTgani _ `istoriuli ganxilva saxelwodebisa armenis, haistanis da somxeTis~ (1898) _ win uswrebs ilias `qvaTa RaRads~ (1899), romel-Sic swored aRniSnuli problemaa gansjis sagnad qceuli, naTeli gaxdeba, ra didi mniSvneloba hqonda am publika-cias me-19 saukuneSi.

akakim uamravi energia Sealia WiaTuris manganumis saqmes. samwuxarod, bevrma Tanamedrovem (da ara mxolod) poetis daintereseba angarebiT axsna, arada mas sul sxva mizani amoZravebda. akaki kargad xedavda, rom ruseTis im-peria saqarTvelos zneobriv dabeCavebasa da ekonomikur gamofitvas gegmavda. xelisufleba, rasakvirvelia, groS-sac ar gaimetebda raime iseTi sferos dasafinanseblad, romelic eris dawinaurebas Seuwyobda xels. gaRaribebu-li qarTveloba ki Tavad saWiroebda materialur Semwe-obas, ase rom qvelmoqmedebaze (erTi-ori gamonaklisis garda) saubaric ar SeiZleboda. saWiro iyo iseTi wyaros gamonaxva, romelic saqarTvelos solidur Semosavals miscemda da romlis gankargvis saqmeSi xelisufleba ver Caereoda. `fuli iseTi manqanaa, rom uimisoT brZola cxovrebaSi SeuZlebeli da mouxerxebelia. Cveni mama-pa-pebi Semoseul mters ver moigeriebdnen, gind gmirTa-gmirebic yofiliyvnen, Tu iaraRi ara hqonebodaT da far-xmali xelSi ara sWerodaT... dRes, marTalia, cxadad Se-moseul mtrebs vera vxedavT, magram brZola ki, rogorc ekonomikuri, ise politikuri mainc isev saWiroa da amaTi far-xmalic mxolod fulia! sanam fuli ar gveqneba qar-Tvelebs da sxvisi SemCere viqnebiT, Cven yovelTvis xel-fex Sekrul monebad davrCebiT! varT kideca!.. da es miT ufro samwuxaroa, rom RvTis mocemuli simdidre, qoneba

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ver mogvixmaria. sxva rom ara iyos-ra, marto es auarebeli madneuloba, romelic Cvens urgeb mTebSi imaleba, sakmao ki ara, metic iqneba Cveni qveynis gasamdidreblad~1. akakis maxvilma gonebam marTlac idealuri gamosavali ipova. alRoTi mixvda, rom is `qva-gunda~, romelsac imereTSi `eSmakis qvasac~ uwodebdnen, RvTis mier momadlebuli sa-Cuqari iyo. man arc dro da arc fuli ar dazoga imisTvis, rom maRalkvalificiur specialistebs daedasturebinaT misi varaudi, Semdeg ki yvela Rone ixmara saqmis dasawye-bad. akaki frTaSesxmuli iyo. is marTlac zRapruli Semo-savali, rasac marganecis damuSaveba Semoitanda, poets piradi keTildReobisaTvis ar esaWiroeboda: `me ase mego-na, Tu is mrewveloba marto Cem xelSi iqneboda da ise mo-vixmardi, rogorc sasargeblo iqneboda qveynisTvis da erovnul moTxovnilebebs davakmayofilebdi. miwebi xom qarTvelebis iqneba, _ vambobdi gunebaSi, _ muSebsac qar-Tvelebs aviyvan da is didi mogeba, romelic mosalodne-lia, Cvenebs SeZlebas miscems, rom sxvadasxva saqvelmoq-medo sazogadoebac daaweson~ (ix.: winamdebare krebulSi werili `Savi qvis Tavgadasavali~). samwuxarod, es, Tavad akakis Tqmis ar iyos, mxolod poeturi ocneba gamodga. akakis araTu aravin amoudga mxarSi, piriqiT, xeli SeuSa-les da sabolood saqmes kidevac CamoaSores. akakis guli ar gautexavs. is yovelTvis imedovnebda, rom marganecis saqme adre Tu gvian gadamwyvet rols iTamaSebda qveynis `gamobrunebis~ sakiTxSi. yvelaferTan erTad, akakis pir-velaRmomCenis saxelsac Seecilnen. poeti, cxadia, ar ikadrebda, rom amis gamo dava daewyo, magram mas guli damcinavma kilom atkina. zogierTi avtoris statiidan ise gamodioda, rom akaki TviTmarqvia iyo da sxvisi Rvaw-lis miTvisebas cdilobda, amitomac saWirod CaTvala poetma, yovelive kidev erTxel dawvrilebiT moeTxro sazogadoebisaTvis, raTa bolo moReboda usamarTlo Se-niSvnebs, Tumca statia aRar daubeWdavs. winamdebare kre-bulSi, sazogadoebisaTvis ucnob swored am werils ga-ecnoba mkiTxveli

akaki wereTeli aqtiurad TanamSromlobda rogorc qarTul, ise rusul Jurnal-gazeTebTanac. samwuxarod,

1 akaki wereTeli, Savi qvis ambavi, Txz. sr. kreb., t. XIII, Tb., gv. 78.

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dRemde sagangebo yuradRebis sagnad, faqtobrivad, ar qceula is literaturuli memkvidreoba, romelic rusul enaze Seqmna akakim. amjerad warmovadgenT 1894 wels dawe-ril ramdenime werils, romlebic gazeT `Новое обозрение~-Si daibeWda da Semdeg arcerT krebulSi aRar moxved-rila. pirveli ori werili `М.г. г. Редактор~ da `Ответ автору банковиады~ bankebis sakiTxsa da maTTan dakavSirebul uTanxmoebas exeba. akaki, romelic sazogadoebis yovel-gvari `progresuli moTxovnilebis~ xorcSesxmis xelSem-wyobi da mxurvale mxardamWeri iyo, imTaviTve sifrTxi-liT moekida saTavadaznauro bankis daarsebis sakiTxs. cxadia, mas sxvebze naklebad ar esmoda, Tu ramxela mniS-vneloba eqneboda qarTveli erisTvis banks, romelic ara-erTi mamuliSviluri wamowyebis finansuri uzrunvelyo-fis SesaZleblobas mogvcemda. banki zRaprul natvris-Tvlad SeiZleboda qceuliyo qarTveli kacisTvis da misi sami yvelaze sanukvari survili Seesrulebina: 1. sakuTa-ri miwa-wylis baton-patronad eqcia; 2. ganaTleba mieca; 3. ekonomikuri damoukideblobis wyalobiT politikuri damoukideblobis mopovebac realuri gaexada; magram fuli, iseve, rogorc yvela sxva iaraRi _ Tofi, xmali Tu sxva ram _ frTxil damokidebulebas moiTxovda. winaaR-mdeg SemTxvevaSi sargeblobis nacvlad sazogadoebas zi-ans moutanda. werilSi `М.г. г. Редактор~ akakim banki samar-Tebels Seadara, gamoucdeli qarTveloba ki - patara bavSvs.

poeti arcTu usafuZvlod SiSobda, rom sabazro eko-nomikis kanonebis, finansebisa da sabanko saqmis specifi-kis ucodinar xalxs bankis daarseba seriozul safrTxes Seuqmnida: wvrili memamuleni daufiqreblad daagiraveb-dnen TavianT miwebs da CvenTvis damaxasiaTebeli ugulis-yurobiTa da araseriozulobiT ukanasknel sarCo-sabade-belsac dakargavdnen. TumcaRa poetis amgvari paTosiT gamsWvaluli publikaciebi ufro TanamedroveTaTvis re-alobaze Tvalis axelas isaxavda miznad da ara bankis gax-snisTvis xelis SeSlas. akakis arc SemdegSi dautoveba uyuradRebod es sakiTxi.

am werilebis gacnoba mkiTxvels kidev erTxel daar-wmunebs, ramdenad mZimea sazogado moRvawis xvedri. Tu

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TviT akakisac ki, romelic xalxis usazRvro siyvaruliTa da pativiscemiT sargeblobda, ase xSirad stkendnen guls, ra mdgomareobaSi iqnebodnen danarCenebi? WeSmari-tad gauzviadeblad Tqva akakim:

`diax! qarTvel moRvawes yvelas TvalSi vamcirebT: sicocxleSi vatirebT, rom mokvdeba _ vitirebT!~1

krebulSi mkiTxveli aranakleb saintereso sxva pub-

licistur werilebsac gaecnoba. aqvea warmodgenili Rir-seul mamuliSvilTa (grigol episkoposis, dimitri yifianis, g. RoRoberiZisa da sxv.) xsovnisadmi miZRvnili sityvebi; ama Tu im saqveyno mniSvnelobis movlenasTan dakavSirebuli mimarTvis teqstebi, interviuebi da sxva Canawerebi.

akaki wereTlis Semoqmedeba Cveni kulturuli sagan-Zuris nawilia. amdenad, SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli lite-raturis institutis mecnier-TanamSromlebis mier akakis axlad gamovlenili Tu usamarTlod miviwyebuli publi-cisturi nawerebis erTad Tavmoyra da mkiTxvelisaTvis SeTavazeba, vimedovnebT, mniSvnelovan kulturul-lite-raturul movlenad iqceva.

nana fruiZe

1 akaki wereTeli, damarxva, Txz. sr. kreb., t. III, gv. 222.

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simarTlis Worikanoba

didi xania am `ciskris~ upativcemulesT mkiTxveleb-Tan laparaki msurs, magram aqamdis sxvadasxva mizezebi mabrkolebdnen. amJamad mravali azri maqvs gamosacxade-beli da ar vici, romeli daviwyo da rogor vilaparako. me mxolod es fiqri mawuxebs, rom ar vici, ra ufro sasiamov-no da sasargeblo iqneba CemTa mkiTxvelTaTvis? sxvada-sxva qveynis rom movhyve, Tu Cvens sazogadoebazed rom daviwyo laparaki, Cvens sulzed da xorczed? vaiTu am pirvelsave SemTxvevaSi mravalni damemdurnen da hsTqvan: sxva qveynebis anbavi ra saWiro ariso, jer Cvenic rom ar viciTo, da Tu Cvens Tavzed laparaks Seudeqi da sxva da sxva Cveni Rirseba Tu naklulevaneba warmovsTqvi, vaiTu amazedac gamiwyren da sTqvan: es anbebi ra saWiro ariso, vin ar iciso. amas garda, Cvens Tavzed laparaki cota Znelic aris amisTvis rom Cven qarTvelebs, rogorc mo-gexsenebaT, patara ampartavnoba gvaqvs da Cvenis naklu-levanebis gamocxadeba ar iqneba, rom ar viwyinoT. maS ra vqnaT, rogor davmaloT es swore anbavi, am axlo xanebSi rom moxda? aras qveyanaSi arca yofila, arc aris da arc iqneba sruli, sazogado mTeli eris ganaTleba. yovelgan asea, rom zogni win arian wasulni, zogni ukan darCenilan, rogorc maRali xe _ zogs toti rom camdisa aqvs asuli da zogi rom dedamiwas Zlivs ascilebia, amiTi vinugeSoT Tavi da mivuteoT im Cvenis sazogadoebis nawilsa, rome-lic gonierebiT da mxedvelobiT ukan aris darCenili da ise moqmedebs, rogorc muStis krivis samarTlis droebi

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rom yofila, im droebs Seefereba. axlandels droSi ki SeiZleba cotaodeni neba viqonioT da zogierTi anbavi Sesabamis TavisuflebiT warmovsTqvaT _ oRond ki pati-osnebisa da wesdebulebis winaaRmdegi ara iyos ra.

pirvelad mogilocavT sayvarelno qarTvelno, or sa-siamovno anbavsa: erTs sibrZne sicruis wignis dabeWdvasa da meores erTis ymawvilis kacis ruseTSi gasanaTleblad gagzavnas.

madloba RmerTs, Zlivs erTi qarTuli wigni daibeWda! es didi da iSviaTi anbavia CvenSi. an rogor ar unda iyos didi anbavi, TviTqmis am aTs weliwadSi wigni ar dabeWdi-la ra Cvens enazed am `ciskris~ garda. umorCilesad gTxovT, es anbavi sxvagan arsad wamogcdesT, rom angliCa-nebma an amerikelebma ar Segvityon, Torem ras ityvian? sxva ara iyos ra sasacilod agvigdeben. imaTs qveynebSi weliwadSi imdeni furclebi gamodis, rom erTierTmaneTs gadaaban, camdis aswvdeba. erTxel maxsovs, `ciskarSi~ gan-cxadeba ewera, romeliTac erisTavi gvatyobinebda Tavis wadilsac _ yvela qarTuli wignebis dabeWdvasa, _ magra am keTilma ganzraxvamac ise Caiara, rogorc mraval sxva sasargeblo azrs Cauvlia aRusrulebelsa, bevrs ki uT-qvams, Tu ar undodaT dabeWdvao, raRaT gvpirdebodnen, Zalas vin atandao. magram ratom? imedic kargia. amas ma-inc ityvian, ama da am dros Cvenca gvqonia kargi ganzrax-viT. arcTu Cvenc gaxlavarT marTalni am saqmeSi, piri rom dagviRia da raRacas SevscqerivarT, viTom ras ve-liT? yovelifers xom mTavroba ver gagvikeTebs: `mTavro-ba erTia, xalxi asi aTasia. Cven Tu aras vimecadinebT Cve-nis sargeblobisaTvis, Tu Cvenve Tu ar gavanZrevT xelsa, marto mTavrobam ra unda hyos. rogorc mogexsenebaT, la-paraki qarTvelebs xSirad gviyvars da roca laparakSi mi-zezis Zebnazed mTavrdeba saqme, maSinve marSlebs wavswv-debiT xolme: visi bralia Tu ara marSlebisao; balebisaT-vis Tu imden fuls gvarTmeven, erTxel amgvari saqmisaT-vis gamogvarTono, `mizez-mizez, dos marili akliao~, er-

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Ti mibrZaneT, Tqveni Wirime, aq marSlebisa ra bralia, Tu gsurT, Tqven TviTon SeagroveT fuli da ise keTilad mo-ixmareT, rogorc amjobinebdeT. Zmebsa da ded-mamas advi-lad gaveyrebiT xolme, Cveni Tavis patronoba TviTon Cvenve unda SegveZlos. daudevneloba ki maSin ufro mZi-med dagvawveba xolme zurgzeda, rodesac sazogado saWi-roeba gagviCndeba xolme. da amas ki aRara vfiqrobT, ros sazogado saWiroeba is aris, rodesac yvelas uWirs. rac mTavrobisagan iqneba Cveni xelis gasamarTavi, imaSi mar-Slebi diax wagvexmarebian da rac mTavrobas ar Seexeba, iq marSalic is aris, rac me var, Sena xar, is aris, Tqvena brZandebiT da isini hsufeven. mxneoba, baqar qarTlelisa ara iyos, marto erTsa da ors ki ara, yvelas gvmarTebs.

ra aris am sityvebSi sibrZne da ra aris sicruve, es Tqven gaSinjeT, sayvarelno da me mxolod es neba miboZeT, rom oriod sityva kidev mogaxsenoT: erTs sazogadoebaSi didi dava iyo, undodaT SeetyoT, es axali `sibrZne sic-ruis~ wigni visgan aris gamocemuli: erTi iZaxda u. Cubi-novisaganao, meore u. topaZisaganao, sxvani ki anbobdnen: magaTi rom yofiliyo, Taviss saxels uTuod gamoacxadeb-dneno, maS visgan ariso? hkiTxes imaT, _ u. peterburRis studentebisaganao. Tumca saxeli da gvari arc imaT gamo-ucxadebiaT sxvadasxva mizezebisa gamo, magram, swored viciT, rom maTgan aris gamocemulio. radgan ase hswore-Ta hscodniaT, _ gvikvirs, ratom ver gaubedavT u. stu-dentebs Tavisi saxelisa da gvaris gamocxadeba, unda ima-lebodes cudi da saTakilo. keTili da sasiqadulo raT unda imalebodes. adre rom yofiliyo, ar iqneboda gasak-virveli, magram exla sworeT mogaxsenoT, amgvari SiSi cota ucnauric aris. me mgonia, u. studentebs TviTonac kargad moexsenebaT umizezo eWvebi arasdros ar varga. vin ras ityoda, rom TavianTi gvarebi gamoecxadebinaT. vin ra danaSaulobas ipovida amaSi. iqneba ifiqroT vinme! rom Cveni ganaTleba ar undodes vinmes! maS, magdeni ymaw-vilebi ras izrdebian xelmwifis xazinis xarjiTa. iqneba

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ifiqros vinmem, rom Cvens qarTuls enazed wignebis dabeW-dva sawyenod miaCndes visme! maS raT daubeWdams magdeni qarTuli wigni imperatoris samecniero akademiasa? RvTis gulisaTvis, ra safiqrebelia esa. maS SegvatyobineT RvTis gulisaTvis, ram daabrkola u. studentebi, rom Ta-visi saxeli ar gamoacxades da axla ar viciT, vis unda SevswirvideT madlobasa `sibrZne sicruis~ mSvenivrad dabeWdvisaTvis? ra gaewyoba! dausaxeleblad unda dav-locoT: RmerTma gvicocxlos keTili studentebi da gvimravlos imaTi Rirsi amxanagebi: imaTgan veliT sazoga-dod sasargeblo saqmeebsa. isini unda iyvnen Cveni ganma-naTlebelni, imaT unda gadmorgon Cvens qveyanaSi axali hswavla, axali azri, axali mdgomareobis mowyoba, isini unda iyvnen winamZRvarni Cuflenis sazogadoebisa da moci-qulni keTilzneobiTis ganaTlebisa.

aTas xuTasi wigni daubeWdiaT `sibrZne sicruisa~. orasi qaRaldis valSi miuciaT, danarCeni aq gamougzav-niaT gasasyidaT. madloba unda SevswiroT u. nikoloz WavWavaZes da imiss TanaSemweebs, romelTac Sroma miuRi-aT am wignebis gasyidvazed. egreTve vmadlobT u. inokents moZRvarovs _ xuT dReSi rom ormoci wigni daariga. did madlobas uZRvniT u. dimitri afxazs, samasi wigni rom auRia im pirobiT, rom Tu ver daariga, fasi TviTon ga-iRos, agreTve, vmadlobT imaT, visac TviTo wignis magi-erad or-ori da umetesi auRiaT da vmadlobT yvela WeS-marits qarTvelsa, visac siamovnebiT miuRia am wignebis dabeWdva. amasTan ar SemiZlian esec ar mogaxsenoT, sayva-relno mkiTxvelno, rom zogierTs SemZlebels Cvenis sa-zogadoebisagans yidvis magieraT, dauciniaT kidec da uTqvamT: ra saWiro ariso, rom magaSi fuli ar mivsceTo. xelnawerebic bevri gviyria Sinao. oris SemZlebelis ka-cisaTvis eTxovnaT, rom erTi wignic aris aeRoT, magram imaT uari eTqvaT, mere rom ar moSvebodnen, sanaxevroT eyidnaT erTi wigni. amisTana saqmes axsna aRar unda. nam-dvil anbavs mogaxseneben, rom u. Cveni studentebi kidev

16

apiroben sxva qarTuli wignebis gamocemasa, RmerTma ke-Tilad aRasrulebinos es survili.

es xom kargi anbavi iyo. axla sxva unda mogaxsenoT, er-Ti ymawvili kacis gagzavna saswavleblad peterburgis universitetSi. pirveli azri am saganzed ekuTvnis, ro-gorc SevityeT, ors ymawvil kacsa, romelTac saxelis gamocxadeba kargi iqneboda, magram neba ara gvaqvs. erTs imaTSi eTqva meorisaTvis, ama da am Cemma mcnobebma erTi ymawvili qarTveli miqeso da imisi sruli Txzuleba wami-kiTxeso, sworeT giTxra, Zalian momewona da ifiqre Cemi gakvirveba, roca miTxres, rom mag mSvenieris Txzulebis avtori (damweri, SemTxzvelia) saswavlebelSi arsada yo-filao da am mcire JamSi viRasac uCvenebia rusuli anbani, iqidam umoZRvrod TviTon Sehyolia hswavlasa da ise ga-nuviTarebia Tavisi Tavi rusuls enaSi da gauxsnia Tavisi goneba, rogorc diaR kargsa da didixnis mowafeso. codva ar aris rom amisTana niWsa rigiani hswavla ar mieceso. ra gvariao, hkiTxa Turme meorem, esa da es gvario. vici, ma-gisi qeba mec mravali gamigoniao. marTla samwuxaro iqne-ba, rom magisTana gonierma ymawvilma kacma rigiani hswav-la ver miiRoso. da ai ra mouxerxoT: fulebi movkrifoT, xeli SeuwyoT da saswavleblad ruseTSi gavistumroTo. amdens patiosans qarTvelebSi TxuTmetiod kacs rogor ver vipovniT, rom weliwadSi Tormeti maneTis gamoReba ar gauWirdeTo. me Tunda axlave mogiTvli aTas, Tormet kacsa, rom ueWvelad didis sixaruliT gamoiReben weli-wadSi Tormet-Tormets maneTs am keTili saqmisaTvisao, _ diax kargi iqnebao, upasuxa Turme pirvelma, exlav wa-val da im ymawvilis amxanagebs Sevatyobineb, isinic uTu-od Segvewevian am saqmeSio. amaT didis siamovnebiT miuRi-aT es anbavi, maSinve gaekeTebinaT sia fulebis mosakrefi da rac am sagans Seefereboda oriod sityva daeweraT da TviTonac Tve da Tve TviTo maneTis micema moeweraT mi-namdisin is ymawvili saxelmwifo xarjzed miiRebodes: me-re aqa-iq daetarebinaT sia da SeegrovebinaT Tvramet

17

Tumnamdin. eyidnaT samgzavro tanisamosi, aeRoT polici-idam mowmoba, eSovnaT mgzavri da ymawvili kaci gaestum-rebinaT. aba, rogor ar gvmarTebs madloba imaTTan, vinc miiRo monawileoba am keTils saqmeebSi. RmerTma inebos, rom amgvari keTili saqme xSirad moxdebodes Cvens qveya-naSi, davrdomili rom aris axla da moelis aRdgenasa da aRyvavebas, mxolod WeSmaritis hswavlisagan.

rasakvirvelia, am azris winaaRmdegnic gamoCenilan da uTqvamT: `vin aris, visa hgzavniTo da risTvis hgzavniTo; eg hswavlulebi da mecnierebi aqac bevrni arian da ase vi-ci, vis ra xeiri daayareso~. ramdeni amisTana sityvebi ga-egonaT kideva, visac dahqondaT mosaweri sia, ai, magali-Tad, erTs eTqva: ra unda movawero, eg umaRlesis hswav-lisaTvis midis da me umdablesic ar mimiRiao. meores mdi-dars sityviT Zalian eqo ymawvilis gagzavna, magram saq-miT ver daemtkicebina, radganac coli axal kabas Turme ikeramda sabaloT. mesames manaTi moewera, magram aRar mi-eca, paltos vakervineb da fuli mWirdebao. meoTxes xu-Tis maneTis mowera Turme eTakileboda, momatebuli um-Zimda da am keTilis mizeziT ara moewera ra. erTs pativ-cemuls gvamsac ekiTxna siis mimtanisaTvis: Tqven ra sabu-TiT agrovebT mag fulebsao? ar vicodi, rom keTils saq-mes sabuTi moundebodao, siis mimtans miego. pativcemuls gvams eTqva: meore esa, mag ymawvilis gvari qarTvelisas ara hgavso da arc me var qarTvelio, Tumca... var qarTve-lebisao. roca yvela sityvis pasuxi miego siis mtarebels, maSin eTqva: me ver movawer xelsa da Tqvenc gafrTxileb-To. erTi pativcemuli gvamisaTvisac eTxovnaT rom moewe-ra, magram uari eTqva, moawereTo, Torem `ciskarSi~ Cag-werTo, _ `ciskarSi~ ara da locvanSiac rom CamweroT, ma-inc ar movawero.

m. ruseTume.

[1860]

18

axali ambebi

kargia didi kacis Sviloba da nametur didi Cinis qona; didi Cinosani rom viyo, ueWvelia rom rac unda davwero, yvela didi siamovnebiT waikiTxaven da metyvian: `RmerTs SenTvis didi kacis Sviloba da Cinic moucia da masTan Zalian niWieri kalami; Tqveni statia `ciskarSi~ ise brwyi-navda, rogorc venera Tavis Tanametolidgan~. magram me sawyali, ara Tu didi, arc pawawina Cinis patroni var da rac unda davwero, mainc aravin waikiTxavs da am mizezi-saTvis daviwyeb nel-nela laybobas da movaxseneb aqaurs ambebs, visac ar gaugonia da surs, rom gaigos.

batonebo, CvenSi iseTi Cveuleba gaxlavs, rom rogorc `ciskars~ miiReben Tu ara, maSinve daxedaven, Tu visi ra statiebi aris, Tu avtoris gvari moewonaT, maSin xom didi siamovnebiT waikiTxaven, Tu ara, daagdeben da daxeven. axla mogaxsenebT, zogs Zvels da zogs axal ambebs, magram batonebo, ar gegonoT, Tu am Cems statias vismes Segone-biT vswerde, an gamojavrebiT (zogierTebiviT) ara, Rmer-Tmani ara! warsuli Tvis Tebervlis `ciskarSi~ u. efTvime wereTelma ineba, ramodenime sityvis dawera T. i. WavWava-Zeze da am statiam Zalian bevri xalxi agvilaparaka, ase rom TiTqmis ra drosac unda gagevloT bulvarSi, ueW-velia, rom gaigonebdiT `Cveni efTvimes statia waikiT-xeo~. Tqven nu momikvdebiT, Zalian kargi statiao, Zalian karga dauwera T.WavWavaZeso~. egreTve bevrs ojaxebSi ga-igonebdiT efTvime wereTelze laparaks. vgoneb, ar vici, meCveneboda Tu ra mizezi iyo, roca bulvarSi marto dav-diodi, sul es sityvebi mesmoda: `efTvimes statiao~.

saSineli, SeCvenebuli ram arian peterburRSi Cveni ymawvilebi! guSin erTma Cemma amxanagma miambo, rom vi-Tomc u. efTvime wereTlis statiaze pasuxs apireben da vnaxoT, ravari an rogori iqneba u. Tergdaleulebis sta-tiebi. Cven ar gveSinian imaTi, garwmunebT, rom Zalian vem-zadebiT, miugoT Cven magieri pasuxi _ `ara sakvirvelia,

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ara sawinaaRmdego sazogadoebisa~. marTla, es ras gavs, batonebo; axlandeli WrelaZeebis moqmedebaebi, TiTon ar ician, ras Sobian, iZaxian: `Cvena varT, Cven~, da bolos ki vxedavT, rom sul tyuilad yvirodnen. maT yvirils aba ra sargebloba moutania? sruliad arasferi! sul erTi efektis da Tergdaleulebis wamxedurobiT yvirian da aSeneben: Tu ras, angariSi ar aqvT amaT planebs.

wineT amisa, roca marSals virCevdiT, ra planebi da-saxes rom icodeT, batonebo, gagikvirdebaT. aba, Tqveni Wirime: rionSi paraxodi Semoiyvanes quTaisamdis, mermeT quTaisidgan qalaqamdis rkinis gza gaakeTes, ase rom ita-liis operaSi wavidnen saRamos da vaxSmaT ki operis Sem-dgom quTaisSi movidnen. baraqala rkinis gzav! raRa, rCeva rom kiTxoT, arian yoCaRebi, magram saqmeSi sustoben; ara-feria, ymarwvilebi brZandebian, yovelTvis miewevian, TiTqmis arc jeerani wauvaT muxlad!!! amas wineT, gimnazi-elebma sazogadoebis SewevniT warmoadgines quTaisSi sxvadasxva Teatrebi `Raribebis sasargeblod~, magram Te-atris gaTavebis Semdgom klubSi kargi maspinZloba qon-daT, aseTi maspinZloba ki hqondaT, rom TiTqmis `Raribe-bi~ daaviwydaT. RmerTma uSveloT, mec damalevines erTi ori Wiqa Rvino da ar vici, raRaca SuSxuna iyo iseTi kargi ram iyo, bevri vloce imis dalevinebisaTvis.

didi xani ar aris, rac giaxlen Cven quTaisSi kome-dianCikebi, ar vici, ra mizezisTvis eZaxian komedianCikebs quTaisSi; ufro marTali saxeli unda iyos, vgoneb, Tu ar meSleba, `voltiJorebi~? Tavis dReSi ar SexTomian amis-Tana bednierebas es komedianCikebi; vgoneb, boSvic ar ak-lia arc erTs amaTs warmodgenebs. Zalian fulis mogebaSi arian, iZaxian, amisTana Zvirad yofila sadmeo, TiTqmis evropaSidac saxelganTqmulni ariano da dasamtkiceblad TavianTi sityvebisa mowmoben im pirebT, romelic yofi-lan ruseTSi. magram batonebo, es rasa gavs? ruseTumeebs rom moewonoT, ueWvelad Cvenc unda moviwonoT? ra piro-baSi an raT. nuTu yoveliferi unda moviwonoT, rac imaT

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moewonos? ara, ara! Tu ar gamiwyrebiT erTs mogaxsenebT: amdon fuls rom xarjavs Cveni sazogadoeba sul tyuila ubralod, is umjobesi ar iyo, rom Cveni sakuTari Teatri gvqonoda? Zalian sasargeblo ram iqneboda.

nuTu komedianCikebis yureba sjobdes? ara, Tamamad vityvi, ara. aseTi ram fokusniki gaxlavs Cveni wveriani germani, rom marTla gasakvirali ram aris ubralo xalxi-saTvis, magram erTjer Tu orjer. aba, erTi daukvirdiT, visac Tqvengan Teatri unaxavs, da warmoidgineT ki pi-ruTvnelad T. g. erisTavis melodramaSi `SeSlili~, saca giJi qali Sav kabaSi TmagaSlili mRers da laparakobs. me ara mgonia, qarTvelisaTvis amaze ukeTesi kartina vinmem moZebnos. magram Tu ise warmoadgineT qarTuli Teatri, rogorc `vefxvis tyaosnis~ warmodgenas apirebdiT, maSin ueWvelia, rom cudi ram iqneba Cveni qarTuli Teatri. ba-tonebo, Tqvenve kargad mogexsenebaT, rom aktioroba da aktrisoba Tval-tanadobaze ki ar aris, esec erTi didi niWia da nametur im kacma an qalma rogor unda iTamaSos rame roli TeatrSi, romelsac arc Teatri unaxavs, da arc SeuZlian warmoidginos, Tu rarig an ra aris Teatri.

SarSan vefxistyaosnis warmodgenas rom apirebdnen, maSin misTana aktiorebs eZebdnen, rogoric moqmedni pi-rebi axovnebiT arian `vefxvis tyaosanSi~ warmodgenili, is ki aRar ganiZraxes, rom im kacebs, romelic dRes Tavi-anTi axovnebiT saxelganTqmuli arian imereTSi, SeuZli-anT Tu ara iTamaSon rolebi im grZnobiT, rogoric grZnobas da aktioris mixra-moxras TviTon poema Txovi-lobs. nuTu Cven, mayurebelni, unda davjerdeT aktiore-bis mosulobas, e. i. imaT simaRles, mosulobas da piris saxeobas? me mgonia, rom amgvari sikeTe aktiorebisa Zali-an fuWia, nametur `vefxis tyaosnisaTvis~, romelic Zali-an cudaT aris gadakeTebuli da metis meti didia TeatrSi warmosadgenaT. da amgvari komedianCikebi, rogoric eseni brZandebian, iSovnian fulebs Tu ara, maSinve Tavis gzis-ken gaudgebian. an ki raRa mogeba eqnebaT maSin, roca erTi

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da igive warmodgenas aTasjer ganimeoreben, magram axla ki cxovrebaSi arian.

visac unda SexedoT, yoveli kaci mirbis am bulvarSi. rom dauZaxoT, ai, mixail, konstantine, giorgi, vaxtang da sxvebs, sad midixar, ueWvelia TaviTac da xelebiTac gaC-veneben, rom komediaCikebTan mieSureba. guli Semiwuxes amaTze amdonma laparakma, ai, guSin imisTana warmodgena iyo, rom jer imisTana ar yofila. sasamarTlo adgilebSi-dac metze aRaraferze vlaparakobT _ ai, komediaCikebi da komediaCikebi. saSinel ram zarali mouvida Cven bul-vars, sasamarTloebis win rom alayafis karebia, aRar eS-vebian xalxi dilidam saRamomdi. Tu Wian papirozs smen, Tu laparakoben, visac axali ambis gagoneba gnebavT, aq mobrZandiT da gaigoneT. arc kvirea amisaTvis da arc aRdgoma, mousvenebeli ram aris sawyali. Cveni sazogado-eba dilidgan saRamomdis vizits ukeTebs am patara ad-gils. ise gauWirda sawyals amtoni stumrianobiT saqme, rom qvesknelSi gaparvas apirebs. Zalian Zirs daiwia am ad-gils Cvenma bulvarma, ase rom cota wvima roca aris, mis-Tana tba dgeba xolme am alayafis karebTan, SeiZleba ri-onis paraxodma Tavisuflad iaros. Rirs mxolod, rom pa-tara Txrili gaWran axal xidamdis da mere, rasakvirve-lia, rom Tavisuflad Samova rionis paraxodi. rogor un-da vifiqroT, TavSesagrovebeli adgili iqneba butkasTan da unda ganviZraxoT, rom gvian Tu adre is adgilic Zirs daiweva, maSin ueWvelia, rom gaTxrian Txrils da SeaerTe-ben ase, rom aziis venecia iqneba Cveni quTaisi. maSin uyu-reT Cvens sazogadoebas. patara navebs gaiwyoben da da-iwyeben seirnobas da vizitobas. erTi sityviT, ganaTlda Cveni quTaisi; komedianCikebi xom qveyanaze ar aris amaT-Tana. rionSi paraxodi Semodis butkamdis da mere ki rki-nis gza aris qalaqamdis, magram Zalian SiSoben, rom xara-gaulis gzaSi vagoni ar daemtvreT da amisTvis Cvenma Wre-laZeebma ganiZraxes, rom butkidan gaiyvanon Txrili da wyalwiTelas SeaerTon, mermeT wyalwiTela undaT, rom

22

SeaerTon WiSuras. cota jafa mouvaT, magram amaT fanta-zias veraferi ver Seayenebs.

mermeT Seyvebian yvirilas da yvirilidgan sxva wyle-biT mivlen moliTamdis, moliTidgan cota jafa daWirde-baT, rom tkvars SeaerTon. ai, batonebo, ra plania da an rogor naTldeba Cveni quTaisi? axlac ki RvTis mowyale-biT, kargi ganaTlebulia, Svid saaTze amodis mze da eq-vsze Cadis. sicxeebic Zalian aris, ase, rom ganaTlebasTan arc sicxe aklia. raRa unda meti Cvens quTaiss? kmara am-doni laparaki WrelaZeebze, viciT, rogorc brZandebian. magram nuTu araferi vTqvaT im ymarwvil qalebze, rome-lic brZandebian WrelaZeebis msgavsi? imaTi istoria rom mogiyveT, sworeT imdoni iqneba, rom es Cemi statia Tavs mogabezrebs mkiTxvelebs da umjobesia, vetto, rom mok-led vsTqva ramodenime sityva Cven ymarwvil qalebze: wminda ninos saswavlebels, romelic aris dafuZnebuli uganaTlebulesis kneina varancovisagan, didi sargeblo-ba moaqvs, ai, rogor: Cveni qalebi diaR karga swavloben rusulis tanciobas, sazogadoebaSi Tamamad sxva da sxva sagnebzed sjian. maT Tumca ar aswavlian Zvel xelsaqmeebs da ojaxis movlas, romliTac aqamdis imerlis qalebi iy-vnen naqebi, magram an ki raRa saWiroa axlandel droSi (marTali ar gegonosT)? magram erTi es sazogado SeniSvna unda mivsceT ganaTlebul qalebs: Tqven rom qarTulad elaparakebodeT, is pasuxs gaigebs yovelTvis rusuleb (diaR, didi mosawonia vaime)! magram xandisxan siCqaris gamo urevs qarTuls, ai, am rigaT: eiboRu ki marTalia, pa-Jalusta, wadi ia nenaviJu Sen, eto ras niSnavs, mne nenra-vitsia Zalian, Saliko, zaCem gabutuli ti dRes da sxvani mravalni. vaime, vaime, me sabralos! ramodeni ginebas da wyevlas gamomigzavnian ymawvili qalebi, magram bevri imaTgani keTili gulis brZandebian da ityvian: ras erCiT sawyals marTalis werisaTvis, roca Tqven magre lapara-kobT, kide cota dagiweraT, ueWvelia aRar gaaxsendebodao.

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ara, batonebo! gaxsenebiT da moazrebiT bevrs gavix-senebdi, magram Tqvens wyenas veridebi. amas wineT sadi-lad erT Cem megobar kacTan viyavi, erTma ymawvilma qalma fanjaraSi gaixeda da ikiTxa: eto ra aris? saxlis saxeli veRar moigona qarTuleb; veRar moigona Tu moiwona Tavi miT, rom qarTuli daaviwyda, isic ar vici. am patiosan qals iseTi kiTxva mouvida, rogorc erTma imerlis Rari-bis qalma suli moidga da mermeT kiTxva daiwyo: netavi vi-code, is ra ba-la qia, romelic qorcs da qels cvams, maSin meore imerelma miugo: eg is balaxia, romelsac ymawvilo-baze Tqven krefdiT da rCebodiT: mag balaxs qvian Win-Wari. arc erTxel dauSaSxavs TqvenTvis xelebi da Zalian keTilis gulis yofilxarT, rom avis daviwyeba gcodniaT.

marTla, erTSi ki Zalian saqebi brZandebian is zogi-erTi ymawvili qalebi, romelsac veZaxiT WrelaZeebs; Zalian mlocveli brZandebian, xSirad dadian xan mowame-Tas, xan gelaTs _ ara Tu marto isini? ara, bevri sxva ymawvilebi WrelaZeebiTurT, roca wabrZandebian, ai, ro-gorc amas wineT gelaTs, erTi ormoc cxenosan nakleb ar wavlen, cxenosnobaze ra unda vTqva: erTi-meores jobian. magram Cvenda saubedurod, xandisxan CamobrZandebian mo-sasveneblad wyalwiTelas pirze, gelaTisaken mwvane mol-ze, xis Crdilis qveS (romliTac amtkiceben qarTlis Svi-lobas) da aris saSineli sma da molxena; ase rom saca apirebdnen misvlas, is adgili aviwydebaT da yvirian. mere wavideT, ai, xval, xvaleobaSi rom midian, maSinac sxvada-sxva mizezebis gamo veRar asruleben iq misvlas, da rom kiTxoT: sad iyvnen, ueWvelia, getyviT, gelaTso, magram aSoros ki, batonebo!!! dromdis mSvidobiT.

Terg daleuli

1862 welsa 15 aprili q. quTaisi

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WeSmaritebis aRdgineba

ymawvili rom enas amoidgams, mSobeli iseT aRtacebaSi modis, rom nametanis surviliTa da ndomiT ucnaurad ixa-tavs Tavis naSobs da mis ubralo titinSi, momavlisaTvis geniosur ramesa hxedavs da imedisagan motyuebuls, aTas-nairaT, amaod utkbeba awmyo. ra magisTana Wkviani iyos mSobeli, mainc ebmeva amgvar maxeSi da miT ufro advilaT, Tu sxva Svilebi im erTis garda yvela glaxebi hyavs. e. i. yru da munjebi! swored am gvarad mouvida u. giorgi wereTels moeniZis Sesaxeb: 1867-sa w. erT dRes tfilisSi Sevxvdi giorgi wereTels, romelic metis sixarulisagan krikinazed (yurZenzed) damTvral SaSviviT Wyloyinebda; me kargad vicodi, rom imas kerZo rame ise ver aitacebda da rom kidec aetacna, ise ar gamoaSkaravebda!.. Sevatyve, rom raRac sazogado uxaroda da amisaTvis mec movindome Setyoba da ai, ra miTxra: `momilocavs, Cven SegveZina erTi poeti, romlis energiulma leqsebma didi STabeWdileba moaxdines mkiTxvelebSi. ara Tu CvenSi, ase gasinje rom, sxvebis literaturaSidac ZviraT vinmes gadoudgams ase Zlierad pirveli biji!.. ai, is leqsebi waikiTxe da miTxari Seni hazric!~ _ rodesac wavikiTxe suyvela, me sicili amityda da es vupasuxe wereTels: `es leqsebi dauweria Zalian Wkvian Tavs, iqa-aq etyoba, rom hazrs gulic gauT-bia, magram poetikuri da xelovnuri ki, aq ara aris ra. es leqsi gakvecili prozaa. leqs-gvarad rom ar daweriliyo, mainc sasiamovno sakiTxavi iqneboda; qveda muxlebi mag leqsebis zemoT moaqcioT da zeda qvmoT, sityvebic rom gadasv-gadmosvaT, miT mag leqsebi arasa hkargaven. eg im gakreWil leqsebTagania, romelsac axla Cvens literatu-raSi bevrni eZalebian. yarabaxis bedaurs rom fafari ga-ukriWo, baCa ar iqneba, magram bedauris Rirsebas mainc ar dahkargavs, sworeT, isea eg leqsebic~. erTi sityviT, eg moeniZe aris furcelaZe. maggvari leqsebis wera, samwuxa-rod Cvenda iman daiwyo, rodesac, qerel-biWobaze xeli

25

aiRo da gairinda pisareviviT. wereTelma Zalian ixua am-gvari Sedareba da maCvena Temar-xan-buridan mowerili wignebi viRac aficeris moeniZisagan, vinc gul-wrfelo-bas gulis tkivilamdi da wylulebamdi ar miuyvania. misi amiT mrwmunebidam gamoyvana Znelia da amis gamo mec aRar gauwie baasi wereTels am saganzed da movSordi. rodesac `samis Tav-gadasavali~ gamovida, me Zalian momewona. is romani iyo dawerili CerniSevskis romanis `ra vqnaT~-is mibaZviT. wereTels ar moswonda da arc baasSi gahyva moeniZes, Tumca is ki iTxovda oms. mizezad es miTxra wereTelma, rom me moeniZis Sesaxeb im azrisa var, ra azrisac CerniSevski iyo pisarevzedao. CerniSevskim miswe-ra antonoviCs, rodesac pisarevs ebaaseboda; e. i. pisarevi Cvens literaturis baRSi SesaniSnavi yvavilia da ufr-Txildi uzomod nurc civ wyals gadaasxav da nurc cxels, rom ar dasWkneso!~ _ imav giorgi wereTlis wyalobiT sa-zogadoebaSi daiwyes qeba moeniZis ise rom, erTs ojaxSi, erTma qalma aRtacebaSi mosulma moeniZisagan, mirCia mec jer-jerobiT misi mibaZviT mewera da rodesac umtkiceb-di, rom eg moeniZe igive dawunebuli furcelaZea-Tqo, sul ikivla da sacinlad amigdo am ugunurebisaTvis. er-Tis sityviT, aravis ar ejera moeniZisa da furcelaZis erTi da igiveoba. erTxel anton furcelaZesTan avedi; is Cveulebriv sawer stolzed damixvda. CamovagdeT lapara-ki literaturazed da sxvaTa Soris moeniZec vaxseneT. antonma moeniZes qeba dauwyo. me siciliT vuTxari, rom moxaruli var, rom Cvens literaturas dRemdi marto er-Ti furcelaZe hyavda da dRes ki ori eyoleba-Tqo da bo-los gamotexiT vuTxari, rom moeniZe is iyo!.. furcelaZe uarze dadga da maCvena Temar-xan-Suridam mowerili wig-nebi. `eg ara feria! _ vuTxari me _ uTuod nacnobi vinme gyavs iq, imas ugzavni Sens leqsebs da iqidam gadawerils agzavnis!~

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_ eg ra angariSiT unda vqna? ra hazria magaSi? _ momigo.

_ is hazri, rom moeniZes rom qebas dauwyeben da furcelaZezed ki aras ityvian, Sen gamouxtebi imaT erT dRes da ityvi, me gaxlavar moeniZeo. _ am sityvazed iman Tavis cols Sexeda da miTxra: `me da Cemi colis metma da erTic kidev sxva piris metma ar icoda eg anbavi. Sen swo-reT gulSi Camixtio~, miTxra da Tanac mTxova, rom nura-vis etyvio da kidevac avusrule is Txovna. axla imas av-xsni, Tu raT moigona es saSualeba furcelaZem: 1860-s wlebis wris studentebSi erTi cudi zne iyo, romelic didxans mohqmedobda Semdeg studentebzec: es zne iyo midgoma. zogierTi axalgazrdebi, romelnic pirvelobas epotinebodnen axalgazrdobaSi, magram TviTon ki aravi-Tari niWi da gansxvavebuli Rirseba ara hqondaT da vinc ki imaT Tayvansa scemda, isinic midgomiT aqebden imas, sul uRirsic rom yofiliyo da yovel niWier mowinaaR-mdeges, romelic, rasakvirvelia, maT ar daemoneboda, yo-vel-gvaraT aZagebden. am gvaraT studentobaSi gaCnda ba-ton-ymoba, is batonymoba, romelic aqa-iq dResac ki ixe-deba, magram am saganzed ufro dawvrilebiT gvaqvs nala-parakevi erTs statiaSi `studentoba~, romelic imedi gvaqvs male daibeWdeba da axla ganvagrZob isev furce-laZezed: furcelaZes, rogorc niWier kacs es garemoeba danaxuli hqonda da egona, Tu giorgi wereTelic imgvar studentTagans ekuTvnoda, maSin rodesac RvTis madliT am codvebs is acdenilia!.. erTis sityviT, im mowerebiT, romelzec zemoT moviyvaneT, wereTeli mostyuvda Sesa-xeb moeniZisa, rom ise aqebda adre da, Cvenis azriT, dRe-sac motyuebulia, rom ase aZagebs am Jamad, rodesac mis geniosobazed winaswar-metyveleba aRar auxda. furcela-Ze scdilobs, rom amiT isargeblos da daamtkicos wereT-lis an gul-mzakvreba an sruli uniWoba, magram darwmune-buli varT, rom wmindis guliT amas TviTon ver ifiqrebs, ise rogorc g. wereTelic styua, rodesac furcelaZes

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aZagebs da gulSi ki sxvasa hfiqrobs. am SemTxvevaSi, orive styuian mkiTxvelebTan da damnaSavec arian, rom erTma-neTs dajibrebuli publikas atyueben. Zalian sasiamovno iqneba, rom piradobas Tavi daanebon, kerZoT ar exeboden erTmaneTs da iSromon ise, rom mkiTxveli hqondeT saxeSi, da ara uxeiro Tav-moyvareoba, risTvisac Cvenc madlobe-li viqnebiT da magaTi, viTom polemikisagan, Tav-mobezre-buli publikac Seisvenebs.

[1879]

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qarTuli Teatri

Cemi molodini marTldeba: qarTuli Teatri fexs [iki-debs] da swori gziT apirebs svlas. misTana mxatvruli morTul-mokazmuloba scenis da moTamaSeebis SeTanxmeba, romelsac Cven dRes vxedavT, jer ar Rirsebia qarTul scenas. misi aRyvaveba ueWvelia, Tu im senma, romelic yo-vel-gvar dawesebulebaTa win eRobeba, ar iCina Tavi... me mogaxsenebT udisciplinobaze da sizarmaceze, romelic dRevandel qarTvels Rirsebas uqar-wylebs. qarTveli sa-zogadod bunebiTad niWieria. amas misi warsuli cxovreba, istoria, gvimtkicebs. ramdenime aTasi weli mousvenrad istoriul qar-cecxlSi gaatara am erTma muWa xalxma da guli ar gatexia, ar dacemula!.. SeirCina Tavisi ena, erov-nuli el-feri da bolos sarwmunoebac, maSin rodesac sxva msoflio qveynebi ki amoifxvren da sruliad gaqren. daukvirdiT mamebisagan gadmonacem `zepirsityvaobas~ da dainaxavT iq, Tu ramdeni margalitia grZnoba-gonebis Ca-marxuli, momavlisaTvis sagulisxmo? es yoliferi ekuT-

vnis [warsul] dros, roca mtrebi mxolod xorcielad gvi-pirebden mokvlas da dRes ki xorcs aRaravin exeba, brZo-lis taqtika gamoicvala: gvixuTven suls im mosazrebiT, rom xorcic ueWvelad Tan gahyves. am taqtikas Tavisi na-yofi moaqvs da dRevandeli qarTveli ise mogavs Tavis wi-napars, rogorc aCrdili namdvils. dRevandeli saqarTve-lo erTi Tvalis gadavlebiT, TviTqmis aRar arsebobs, sacodavi ramea!.. ara Tu sicocxlis, gamofxizlebis niSan-wyalic ar etyoba! magram masTanac, rom davukvirdeT, mix-vdebiT, rom guls tyvila vitexT: `ar momkvdara, mxolod sZinavs~ da mxolod misi keTilgamoRviZebaa saWiro! da masTan erTad Tav-dadebuli brZola imaTTan, romelTac gamoRviZebuli ukuRmarTi gziT mihyavT...

marTalia, dRes saqarTvelos zedapiri sWkneba, magram saqme fesvia da misi Ziri jer kidev xelSeuxeblad magaria!

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erovnul arsebas didi analogia aqvs ubralo xesTan: vin ar icis, rom roca xes qariSxali dahkravs da daWraqavs, jer maRla _ mwvervalSi foTlebi gauyviTldebian da is Stoebi, sadac yvavilebi esxmis da nayofi ebmeva, Wknobas daiwyeben xolme. magram Tu im xes dabla fesvebi Wiani ara aqvs da magrad aqvs miwaSi gadgmuli, ara uWirs ra. dam-Wknari Stoebi dacvivdebian, maT gadanasxepze sxva axali amoiyris da gamobrunebuli xe isev nayofis momcemad ga-daiqceva. asea Cveni erovnobis xec: marTalia wveroSi Wkneba, magram saSiSi mainc ara uWirs ra! rom Cveni dabali wodeba Tvisis niWiT da mecadineobiT momavlisaken iyure-bian, amisi iWvi ar aris! vinc Cven dabal xalxs, soflidan gamousvlel glex-kacobas icnobs da dakvirvebia mis si-tyva-pasuxs, damemowmeba amaze. xSirad Sexvdebi CvenSi misTanas, romelsac sityva-pasuxi, mixra-moxra, TviTqmis moqmedebac inteligenturi aqvs; zogi advokatia maT So-ris, zogi mwignobari, zogi mRvdeli da sxvani... ekiTxebi: sad giswavliao? da _ `arsad, batono! arsad! CemiT! xo-lod CemiTo!~ maS Tu es Rarib-Rataki wodebis Svilebi, ga-

Wirvebuli da xel-[carielebi] meti gza rom aRara rCebaT, Tavis TavaT ikvleven gzas, maSin raRa unda vsTqvaT im SeZlebulebze, gakvaluli gziT rom midian, marTla aTa-veben maRal saswavleblebs? isini xom caSi varskvlavebs unda hkrefden?!... ueWvelia, asec iqneboda, rom is gza, romliTac inteligencia midis, ukuRmarTi ar iyos! `Ra-

latSi~ [ ]1 eubneba zeinabs qarTvelebis gaRviZebis Sesa-xeb: `moaSoreT cxens is sapalne, romelic ise [mZimed] awevs da maSin naxav, Tu rogor SekuntruSdes, varskvla-vebs SeeTamaSos!~ da jer ki diplomebi yvelgan mfrinav kaWkaWebs amravleben da dabal wodebaSi ki xSirad vxe-

davT jaWviT dabmul lomebs [ ]2 veRar miiweven!

1 teqsti ar ikiTxeba. 2 teqsti ar ikiTxeba.

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SexseniT sabeli, auSviT is lomebi da maSin hnaxavT, Tu sadamdi mivlen is, dRes dabmulebi!?.. galiaSi bevrs veras iswavlis... swavla-ganaTlebasac Tavisi kanonebi aqvs — Tavisufali da swor mimavali gza. Tu moswavle amaebs ascda, imas, ueWvelia, gza da kvali aebneva da tyeSi gza dabneuli, daiwyebs xetials da ai, amas kvlavac vxedavT. Cveni naswavlebi, rogorc macduri gziT watyuebulebi, farTxaloben, magram gzadabneulad da unayofod...veRar varCevT avsa da kargs, aRar viciT, ra eWirveba Cvens Zal-datanebiT dasneulebul samSoblos? da Tvals vari-debT!.. maS vin unda migviTiTos am sneulebaze? da gagviT-valiswinos misi satkivari, rom Cven samkurnalos miwode-ba movaxerxoT? _ Teatrma!.. Teatri unda iyos sarke xal-xis avisa da kargis maCvenebeli. is unda Caukvirdes Taviss qveyanas wvrilmanamdi. yovel ersa aqvs Tavisi gansakuT-rebiTi ena, buneba, gamoTqma, mixvra-moxvra, moqmedeba da sxvani. da am wvrilman rameebs didi istoriuli mniSvne-loba aqvsT. magaliTad: qarTveli gaWirvebis dros `vai dedas~ iZaxis, rusi ki `Охь Матюшки~-sa yviris. qarTveli tanjvis gamosaxatavad TmaSi itacebs xolme xels, rusi ki TiTebs imtvrevs. sul sxva da sxva mimikaa! magram arc er-Ti ki umizezo ar aris. da erTis meoreSi areva didi Sec-domaa. SeiZleba qarTvelma msaxiobma Semecnurad iTama-Sos romelime ibsenis, knut gamsunis, gauptmanis da sxva evropielTa mwerlebis piesebSi, magram imiT qarTveli msaxiobi veras etyvis qarTvel-guls! es iqneba cxovreba norvegielebis, germanelebis da sxvaTa da ara qarTuli. metyvian: aq iqneba gatarebuli msoflio azrebi, sanamdi-nac unda qarTveli aviyvanoTo!.. SeiZleba, rom es marTa-lic iyos, magram yolifers Sesaferi dro eWirveba. rode-sac mteri Sen mosaklavad modis, maSin yoliferi unda da-iviwyo mis meti, rom mteri rogorme moigero. da roca moigereb, mere ifiqro sxvaze. roca Sens ojaxSi Sesvlas apireb, jer pirvel safexurze unda moimagro fexi, ahyve momarjvebuladac kibes da ise axvide. Torem fexacilebu-

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lad rom xtunva daiwyo, mizans ver miaxwev. amiTi is ki ar minda vsTqva, rom gareSes yolifers Tvali avaridoT-meTqi. ara. yovelive gareSesac Tval-yuri vadevnoT da rac gamosadegia CvenTvis, mxolod imas CavhkidoT xeli, Torem gaurCevlad, maimunurad mibaZva savnebelia da marTalsac gveubneba erTi andaza: `wamwymida wamxeduro-bamo~. yvelaze umal es wamxeduroba ar SeSvenis Teatrs da Cvenma Teatrmac unda aicdinos Tavidan da xSirad ar gvi-maspinZldebodes naTargmni piesebiT. is unda iyos xalxis aRmzrdelad da xalxs ise eqceodes, rogorc auditorias. da aki isec iqceva jer-jerobiT saTeatro komiteti!... pirvelad warmodgenili iyo am sezonSi, Tu ar vscdebi, samjer `samSoblo~. apireben `Ralatis~ warmodgenasac da es kargi niSania!.. ras warmoadgenen es piesebi? an erTi da an meore?

akaki [1882]

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werilebi Cvens mwerlobaze kaci rom Sin da gareT, organve saqmes moscdeba, imaze

ityvian CvenSi: `agiaSvilis gamdelsaviT mouvida, Sin sadils moscda

da gareT wirvasac veRar mouswroo!~. es andaza swored zed gamoWrilia umetes nawil CvenTaganze! rac Cvenma wi-naprebma icoden, is aRar viciT, maTeburi TiTqmis yove-liferi ucxoa CvenTvis da sxvebisganac samkvidrod vera SegviZenia ra. davrCiT orTa Sua, amis dasamtkiceblad sakmao iqneba mivmarToT Cvens mwerlebs da am ocda aTis wlis Jurnal-gazeTebs gadavavloT Tvali!.. iqidan cxa-dad gamoCndeba, rom Cvens mowinave dass grZnobac da go-nebac nasesxebi hqonia droebiTad da ara SexorcebiT Zvalsa da rbilSi gamjdari. rac uTqvamT, is yofila mxo-lod sxvisi naTqvamis ganmeoreba TuTiyuS-kaWkaWiviT da ara abreSumis WiasaviT gulidan amonaqseli. marTalia, xan-daxan viTom droianaTa da rigianaTac Tqmula xolme TviTo orola ram, magram is mxolod SemTxveviTi yofila, mainc kidev TuTiyuSurad wamonaZaxebi.

_ erTxel Turme rusis glexebi Sevidnen batonis sax-lSi da Sin aravin dauxvdaT. viRacam ki dauZaxaT im gace-tebul muJikebs: `duraqo!~ glexebma miixed-moixedes da SeniSnes mxolod frinveli galiaSi da gaocdnen. maSin warsdga galiis win starosta, qudi moixada, wamoiCoqa da moaxsena ucnaur frinvels: `Tqveno aRmatebulebav, ubra-loT nu Segvrisxam, mogvismineT vedrebao!~ magram TuTi-yuSma kidev daiZaxa: `gaswi, daikarge, Se loToo!~... wamoc-vivden rusis glexebica, Tavqudmoglejili gavarden ga-reT da hkvirobden!.. vin Seatyobina am Cits Cveni anbavi da an is vin uTxra, rom starostas aryis sma uyvarso~? wavi-den da mTeli sofeli daarwmunes: Cvens batons gulTmisa-ni frinveli hyoliao! ra icodnen da im marTla `dura-kebma~, rom TuTiyuSs is sityvebi daswavlili hqonda, wam-dauwum sul imas iZaxoda da maSin mxolod SemTxveviT kar-

33

gaT mouvida?.. .vici, sasiamovnod bevrs ar darCeba es Cemi azri, magram ra vqna?.. da mec vaRviareb, rom umetesoba CvenSi TuTiyuSi, kaWkaWia da ara Tavis Tavis moazre _ amas me wamiTi gulisTqma ar malaparakebs... es me bevrjel miTqvams sityviT da weriTac gamovtexilvar!... axla ki b. nikolaZis statiam `axal mimoxilvaSi~ `jejilis~ sawina-aRmdegod dawerilma, ganmameorebina da nurafers ukacravad!

es, rac zogierT umetesobaze iTqva, rasakvirvelia, ar iTqmis nikolaZezedac!.. piriqiT, is mravalazrovani da orWofi mweralia! misi azri SadrevaniviTa scems, magram samwuxaro is aris, rom saCvenoSi rom amohCuxCuxebs, sxviss hrwyavs da, amis gamo, mis sazogado moRvaweobis oci wlis sarbieli Siga da Sig Wrelia. akvirdebi da ver gagirCevia: an Tavi sada aqvs da an bolo? vinc imas Cven-saviT daaxlovebiT icnobs, is, cxadia ugulwrfelobas ver Seswamebs, magram es kia, rom mis mousvenar bunebas ukiduresi Tavismoyvareoba uCxikinebs da maSin aris, rom gul-gadayolil nikolaZes naxtomi eSleba xolme. _ pi-radad misTvis es naki mainca da mainc saSiSi ar aris. bev-rjel gamosula xolme isev swor gzaze, magram, sanaRvlo is aris, rom imas yovelTvis hyolia da hyavs xolme mim-devrebi da isini ki, erTxelve SecdomaSi Seyvanilni, una-yofod riyeze rCebian.

_ dRes nikolaZis Txzuleba ibeWdeba da, rodesac srulad gamova, maSin sabuTi gaeqneba xelSi misi nawarmo-ebidanve davamtkicoT, rom mis naRvaws erTi feroba da erTi azroba aklia da manamdi ki gakvriT sityvas vxma-robT, miT ufro, rom dRes sazogadod mainc ara gvsurs imaze vilaparakoT da da mxolod erTs kerZo axal-nax-toms SevexebiT.

_ visac ki `ana-bana~ uswavlia CvenSi da nebarTvac auRia, rom igive `anabana~ sxvebsac aswavlos, visac ki ga-ugonia Soridan pestalocisa da distervegis saxelebi, gadauTvalierebia, uSinjavs da waukiTxavs vodovozovi, Tavi mwife pedagogi hgonia da did moZRvraTac moaqvs.

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gaugoniaT agreTve, rom `tendencia~ mavnebelia ymawvile-bisaTviso da TviTonac fexisxmis ayoliT gaiZaxian amasve. didi pedagogoba ra saWiroao? vinc ki sruliad gamoni-Webuli ar aris, vin ar icis, rom moswavle ymawvilisaTvis mavnebelia is, rac mis bunebas ar Sehferis da is Wkua-go-nebas Zalas atans, gind wina ganZraxulis azriT iyos naT-qvami, gind ise, uazrod, sul erTia, es gaugoniaT, magram TavisTavad mainc ver auxsniaT, Tu ra aris tendencia da naZaladevi azri? roca `kalina-malinas~ Sig cxvirpirSi stenian da `serinki kozlikebs~ ayvireben _ is araferiao da Cven bunebasTan da cxovrebasTan Sesafer rames ki ukan udgebian, `vai Tu tendencia Segvwamono~. eh, amaT xom RmerTic apativebs da kacic, magram sasaciloa, rom dRes b. nikolaZe im gunds ekuTvnoda, romelic gaiZaxoda: `xe-lovneba cxovrebisaTvis da ara xelovneba xelovnebisaT-viso!~ maSin is erTi gulmodgined mZaxilTagani iyo da ara Tu poeti justis, meore xarisxis italiel mwerlebis sa-patrioto tendenciebs aRtacebaSi mohyavda. iseTi xe-lovnuri nawarmoebi, rogoric maikovis `samgvari sikvdi-li~ da tolstois `ivane damaskeli~ sasacilodac ar hyo-fnida da zaicevis tendenciuri obrodoba, minaevisagan gadaleqsili, sazepiro locvebaTa hqonda gaxdili. vinc misi azrisa ar iyo maSin, imas ara Tu sazogadod, kerZoTac aRar hzogavda, yovelgvarad imetebda da Tavsac miTi mar-Tlulobda, rom `saSualebas mizani amarTlebso~. dRes ki es vaJbatoni sul sxvas gaiZaxis imave ymawviluris aRta-cebiT da im gvarisave TavdauWerel medidurobiT da aqac kidev im azrisaa, rom `mizani amarTlebs saSualebasao~... marTalia, iman saqveynod aRiara erTis weriliT, axal mi-moxilvaSi~: me is aRara var, rac viyavio, magram arc is varga, rom kacma erTs ukiduresobas Tavi daaxwios mxo-lod misTvis, rom meoreSi, da ufro cudSi Cavardes!...

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* * * volterma sTqva: mxolod is wignebia ymawvilebisaTvis

sasargeblo, romelic didebisaTvisac kargiao. SeiZleba tendenciebi sul ar iyos ra romelime nawarmoebSi, magram mainc mavnebeli iyos ymawvilebisaTvis, da agreTve, isic ki SesaZlebelia, rom tendenciebiT savse wigni sruliad saymawvilo gamodges. Tu moTxroba xelovnurad aris da-werili, tendencia veras dauSlis. ymawvilis norC grZno-ba-gonebas zRapruli saxe ityuilebs, enis margalitoba da leqsTa wyoba. magaliTad, aviRoT giotes zRapruli poema `reinekelas~ _ erTi ukeTesi TxzulebaTagani ymaw-vilebisaTvis. isini aRtacebiT kiTxuloben am Txzulebas, moswonT fabula misi da sxvadasxva pirutyvebis sasaci-loTa da utyuvrad gamoxatuli xasiaT-moqmedeba. magram vin ar icis, rom deda azri am Txzulebisa sul sxva aris da im pirutyvebaT avtorma gamoxata misi Tanamedrove veima-relebi. TviTon is meigav-arake krilovi, romelzedac b.nikolaZe gviTiTebs, gana uazroTa swerda? mis nawerebSi tendencia ar aris? da mxolod mitom aris ymawvilebisaT-vis kargi? sulac ara!.. aba moigonos Tavisi ymawvilobis dro, Tu ra aRtacebiT hkiTxulobda da swavlobda mis igav-arakebs mTavar-azris Seugneblad! rodesac mis araks, `mgeli farexSi~, vkiTxulobdiT, im adgils, sadac ZaRli eubneba mgels: `Sen Zma, ruxi xar, magram mec TeTri var da ver momatyuebo~ _ Zalian aRtacebaSi movyavdiT xolme! magram is ki ar vicodiT, rom, Turme, farexSi Se-moWrili mgeli ruseTSi Semosuli napoleoni iyo da mar-jveT damxvedri TeTri ZaRli _ TmagaTeTrebuli kutu-zovi. an kidev meore araki: `qaSapi _ Tevzi da kata~. ra nairad gvacinebda xolme Tevzis sisulele, rodesac imas moswyinda Tevzebis Wera da katis xeloba Seexarba: moin-doma xmeleTzedac Tevzebze nadiroba, magram mSralze rom darCa, sacodavaT daiwyo farTxali. gana gvesmoda ma-Sin, rom im Tevzis saxiT gakicxuli iyo admirali CiCagovi, romelmac xmeleTis jaris sardloba moindoma da damarcxda.

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maS Tu gaugebari rCeba bavSvebisaTvis, raRa saWiroa mainca da mainc maggvari azrebis gatarebao, egeb sTqvan, da, ai marTldeba volteris naTqvami!.. amgvari Txzuleba erTsa da imave dros patara bavSvebsac akmayofilebs da didebsac!.. marTalia, ymawvilebs ar esmiT is mTavari az-ri, anu ukeT vsTqvaT, Taviseburad esmiT da mxolod sul sxva mizezebiT iTviseben xolme, magram, rodesac daiz-rdebian da gonebaSi Caxvdebian, mza mzareulad, gauWir-eblad, advilad xelSi ki rCebaT. bavSvebs sazogadod Ta-vis sakuTari saymawvilo asparezi aqvT; didebisas ar hgavs, magram maTi norCi buneba mainc moiTxovs, rom is as-parezi didebisas daamsgavson xolme _ Tavis gunebaSi da didebs mihbaZon. magaliTad, bavSvebi rom iaraRSi Cam-jdar cxenosnebs uyureben, isinic joxis cxenze gadajde-bian, didgulas Tofs xelSi iReben, xis xmal-xanjals hxmaroben da hgoniaT Tu, marTla saqmeSi varTo.

es xom sasacilo bavSvobaa, magram amas Tavisi kargi da sasargeblo Sedegi moaqvs: rodesac asakSi Sedis bavSvi da Zal-Rones ikrebs, maSin misTvis ucxo aRar aris arc cxe-nosnoba da arc Tof-iaraRi da ise advilad iTvisebs, TiT-qos dabadebidanve scodniao. axla gamouyvaneT da dauye-neT gverdiT imas misTana Wabuki, romelsac ymawvilobaSi ara Tu hqonia saTamaSo Tof-iaraRi da cxeni, piriqiT, kidevac aSinebdnen! aba ra mouvides! moaxerxebs im pirvel Wabukis odnobas, Tu ara?! aseve unda vsTqvaT azrebis Se-saxebac. gana rjulisa da sarwmunoebisa esmiT rame, ymaw-vilebs?.. magram, siyrmidganve ro eCvevian, ZalauneburaT saukunod Zvalsa da rbilSi ujdebaT. siyvarulica da si-Zulvilic im TaviTve, bavSvobidanve iwyeba... aba ymawvils elaparakeT zizRiT da agdebiT Tavis mSoblebze, Tavis qveyanaze, Tavis warsulze da sxv., Tu yvela ar SeiZulos, da didobis drosac maTi zizRi ar CarCes gulSi. piriqiT, uqeT mteri da orguli, aRtacebiT da mowiwebiT esaubreT maTze, Tu ar Seiyvaros. es cxadi WeSmaritebaa, magram bev-ri ki im azris aris (rasakvirvelia, an iezuitobiT da an

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sisuleliT), rom arc erTis Tqma ar aris saWiro patare-bisaTvis da, rom gaizrdebian, TviTonve mixvdebiano!.. amis mTqmels isic SeuZlian sTqvas `ra saWiroa bavSvs rom ZuZus awovebT!~... rom gaizrdebian, TviTonve daiwyeben mwvadis Wamas!~... sazogadod tendenciebis winaaRmdegoba Secdomaa, magram tendenciac aris da tendenciac. misTana, romelic ryvnis da afuWebs mozards, rasakvirvelia, da-sawunebelia da sadevneli, da, maSasadame, b. nikolaZem rom gamoilaSqra `jejilze~, albaT amgvari mavnebeli tendenciebi hqonda saxeSi da misma gulwrfelobam veRar aitana sxvebis veragoba, keTili da patiosani! magram rad-gan marto cariel mis sityvebs da sxva enazed krimanWu-lad gamoTqmuls, ver vendobiT, amisaTvis nu gagviwyreba, rom Cvenc Cveni sabuTi warmovadginoT da SeudgeT misi azris darRvevas. daviwyoT rigisad:

mSvenieri da saucxovo leqsi `Svidni varT~ sasacilod auRia da amtkicebs saqveynod sisuleleao. es patara leq-si, rogorc viciT, jer inglisur enaze aris dawerili, me-re sxva enebzec gadatanili da TiTqmis yovel saymawvilo leqsTa konaSi CarTuli; rusulaTac kazlovis gadmoRe-buli, mere iqidan ki qarTulad gadmokeTebuli da gadmo-keTebuli xelovnurad.

mainca da mainc marto es mogvyavs sabuTad! advilad SeiZleba, rom yvela scdebodes da b. nikolaZe ki marTals ambobdes, magram saqme is aris, rom misi sityvebidanac ve-ra gagvigia-ra: ra aris gasakvirveli, rom patara `ymawvi-li mkvdar da-Zmasac cocxlebzec aTvlis da ambobs: `Svi-di varT da ara xuTio?~ martoka darCenili Tuki or Zmas zRvaze wasuls, orsac sofelSi wasuls angariSobs, ratom sasaflaozedac wasulebs ar miaTvlis? ityviT: rogor ar icis, sikvdili ra ariso? diax, icis, magram imis warmodge-na ki ar SeuZlian, rom sikvdilis Semdeg yoliferi hqre-bao! xedavs, rom moSordnen mas, gadavidnen sasaflaoze, iqidan sadRac zecas waviden da iq arian, sworeT ise xorc-

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Sesxmulad, rogorc danarCeni Zmebi, zogi zRvaSi da zo-gic sofelSi.

xSirad ymawvilebi, marto rom darCebian, ara Tu piru-tyvebs, mcenareebsac ki esaubrebian xolme. gana ar ealer-sebian, hkocnian, gulze ikvren, etitinebian da saWmel-sasmelsac ki udgamen xolme win dedo-falebs (tikinebs)? es sisuleliTa da SeugneblobiT ki mosdisT!.. kargad hxe-daven, rom is usulo sagnebi verc xmas gascemen, verc ra-mes smen da sWamen, magram mainc Tavisas ar iSlian bavSve-bi, amitom rom amas maTi buneba moiTxovs da ara ugunu-reba... maS Tu es asea, is raRaT unda iyos gasakvirveli, Tu ymawvils samareSi myofi gamqrali ar egonos da saTvalav-Si akldebodes? ucxo qveynebSi sasaflavoebi yvavilebis baRad aqvsT gadaqceuli, yovel-dRe modian mSoblebi, dros atareben Tavis Svilebis saflavze... mihyavT iqve danarCeni da-Zmani da CasCiCineben: ai, Sen daias Tu Zamias yvavilebi moukrife, morwye wyliT garSemo amosuli da ayvavebuli balaxebi... ai, es, ai, is! da sxv... am gvarad ga-nuyreli kavSiria gabmuli mkvdrebsa da cocxlebs Sua da raRa gasakvirvelia, rom yovelTvis gulSi hyavdes patara ymawvils mkvdari Zma an da mudam Tvalwin edgas, ealerse-bodes da aRarc danarCen cocxlebis wridan gamoiricxos?

metyvian, CvenSi egre ar ariso. Tanaxma var! miabareben miwas Tu ara CvenSi, mere zedac aRar Sexedaven, kavSiri gawyvetilia. CvenSi ara Tu mkvdrebi, cocxlebic _ ki ara-vis axsovs, magram gana es sasurvelia? es gulgriloba pi-rutyvs uaxlovebs adamians da maSasadame, am gvari leqse-bi, rogorc `Svidni varT~, didad da didad saWiro da sa-surveli yofila Cvenis ymawvilobisa da ded-mamebisaT-vis, gind b. nikolaZem sentimentaluric eZaxos.

`spilo da WianWvelebis~ Sesaxeb ambobs b. nikolaZe: is azri, rom xandaxan sustebic daaCoqeben da daamarcxeben Zliers, axali ar ariso da an raRa saWiroa ganmeorebao. sakvirvelia, rom aqac b. nikolaZem im Wkuis kolofebis dasSi amohyo Tavi, romelnic yovel dRe axal axal sisu-

39

leleebsa hbadamen da, mgonia, Tavis gasamarTleblad ga-iZaxian, Zveli WeSmaritebis ganmeoreba ar vargao... Rmer-Tma dagvifaros, rom Cven b. nikolaZe maT SevadaroT, mag-ram windauxedaobiT bedauric waiforxilebs xolme. ima-Ti ro davijeroT da kanonaT miviRoT, maSin mTeli qveyana unda damunjdes. aviwydebaT im dalocvilebs, rom sity-vas garemoeba gamoiwvevs. ueWvelia, roca adami aRviZebda evas, anu eva-adams, erTmaneTs eubnebodnen: `adeqi, kmara Zilio!~ es xom Zveli naTqvami iqneba da maS, Cvenis Wkuis kolofebis kanoniT, rodesac eseni wamowvebian mxar-Te-Zozed da amouSveben xvrins, neba ar gveqneba movaxsenoT: _ gaiRviZeT da gaakeTeT rame-Tqo! yovel saukuneSi uT-qvamT sulelisaTvis, nu sulelobo! magram dResac imasve etyvian. vimeorebT, rom garemoeba gamoiwvevs sityvas da, maSasadame, WeSmaritebis ganmeoreba dasagmobi ar aris. marTalia, Zveladve uTqvamT, rom xandaxan sustebic mo-erevian Zlierso, magram es iseTi WeSmariteba aris, rom bevrjerac rom vuTxraT ymawvilebs da magaliTebic mo-vuyvanoT xolme _ amiT ara daSavdeba-ra.

`Cveni mamali~ ise xelovnurad aris dawerili, rom ar SeiZleba ymawvilma siamovnebiT ar waikiTxos, amitom _ rom mas yoliferi eniSneba. arm moewoneba mxolod im ymaw-vils, romelic qalaqSi dabadebula, arc mamali unaxavs da arc indourebi. es patara moTxroba xelovnurad aris dawerili da, Tu ar gazviadebuli ocneba, tendenciasac veravin warmoidgens.

axla gadavideT patara poemazed _ `mercxlisa da Wiv-Wavis omi~.gvikvirs, rom b.nikolaZes Sinaarsi ver gaugia da sul sxva gvarad mouTxrobs Tavis mkiTxvelebs.

sakvirvelia, rom imas ar scodnia, WivWavi ra aris, da чижикъ-ad gadauTargmnia. Чижикъ, qarTulad niSnavs nar-Citas, mTis Citia da mxolod budobis dros Camofrindeba barad, rom kaklis xeebzed bude gaikeTos, Torem saxlSi Tavis Tavad Sefrenili is aravis unaxavs da arc araferi siaxlove da damokidebuloba aqvs mercxalTan. maSasada-

40

me, me rom am Citebisa da mercxlebis erTmaneTSi brZola amewera, is iqneboda sruli umarTloeba da raRac poetu-ri miCmaxva. magram WivWavi, anu beRura romelic rusulad niSnavs воробей da ara чижикъ-s, sul sxva aris. imave sax-lSi scxovrobs da budobs, sadac mercxali, da xSirad Cxubic mosdis xolme mercxalTan. amis uars arc erTi bu-nebis mkvlevari ar ityvis da b. nikolaZemac maT Txzule-bas rom Tvali gadaavlos, ai, Tu gind brems, iq sityviT-sityvad naxavs imas, rac me gavleqse, da maSin am Cem iezu-itur tendenciebSi imaTac monawiled gaxdis, magram vin ar mixvdeba, rom imaT qarTvelebi mxedvelobaSi ar hyo-liaT, da mec gadmovleqse, rogorc sasiamovno da sacod-no ram sakiTxavi ymawvilebisaTvis, da ara Zaldasatanebe-li tendenciuri ram. Cemgan umetnaklebod aris gadmoRe-buli is ambavi ise, rogorc namdvilad moxdeba xolme da mogviTxroben: Cemis mxriv is ar mirCevia ymawvilebisaT-vis, rom gZuldeT mercxali da giyvardeT WivWavi-Tqo. kidev vityviT, gazviadebuli fantazia unda, rom aq kacma tendenciebi dainaxos. magram survils bevri SeuZlian. gajiutebul kacs zogjer rwyilic aqlemad moeCveneba. b. nikolaZes, swored ase mosvlia:marto tendenciebi ki ar daunaxavs, iezuitur moqmedebasac gvwamebs, iezuitebis

mcneba dRes marto imas aRar sjerdeba, rom loiolas1 namoZRvrebi daamtkicos da fanatikurad emsaxuros kaTo-likobas. dRes farisevlobiT Sekazmuli mcneba sapirado iaraRad uWiravT xelSi da wina-ganZraxul mizans swiraven yovelives, arRveven aTive mcnebas da iseT rames hqadage-ben, romelic ryvnis da amcirebs adamianis bunebas. aseTi ram, rasakvirvelia, gasakicxavia, magram amasve ro Sevuda-roT keTilSobiluri gataceba, maSin yoveli mamuliSvi-li, romlisac moTayvane TviT b. nikolaZec ki brZandeba, iezuitebi gamodgebodnen. SeiZleba brZanos, magazed ar gvixmarnia `iezuitebio~ da, Tu sxvebma ver gaiges, Cemi ra

1 ignatius loiola, 1539 wels iezuituri ordenis damaarsebeli.

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braliao. amitomac hmarTebs misTana mwerals, rogoric aris b. nikolaZe, asjer gazomva da erTxel gamoWra, To-rem xom icis, rom zogan yurismgdeblebi hyavs da mizezs eZeben, gamoZebnon rame xelis Casakidebeli. ai exlac b.nikolaZis sityvidan gamodis, viTomc mercxlebi ucxo-eTidan iyon mosuli, WivWavebi ki Sinaurebi, da maT Soris brZola windauxedavobiT gamomewvios. es xom cxadi Sec-domaa. rogorc WivWavi, ise mercxali Cveneburia da Cven qveyanaSi dabadebuli da, Tu maincadamainc ar dagiSliaT, ai mxolod ra azri SeiZleba gamoiyvanos kacma im leqsi-dan: Zalian gamravlebulni arian dRes CvenSi mercxala ma-muliSvilebi. Rormucelobis patriotoba ukidures xa-risxamdea miyvanili, ise Rvinos ar daleven, mwvadiT pirs ar Caitkbaruneben da leCaqian qals alerss ar dauwyeben, rom ar daiZaxon, `gaumarjos saqarTvelos!~, magram imave saqarTvelos gulisaTvis aramc-Tu ar gairjebian, warb-sac ar Seixrian, mxolod lxini da qeifi moswonT da Wirs-ki Tavs arideben da TviTon Cven mwerlebSiac gana cotani arian misTanebi, romelnic ucxo enazed sweren ara im ganzraxviT, Cvens mxares sargebloba movutanoTo, mxo-lod im mosazrebiT, Tavi ufro metad gamoviCinoTo. maS, ra arian yvela eseni, Tu ara mercxlebi, romlebsac WivWa-vebi eubnebian: zamTari gZulsT Cveni qveynisa da zafxuli ki mogwonTo; sanamdi WikWiki da navardi SegiZliaT, Cven-Tana xarT da, ro acivdeba, sxva mxriT giWiravsT Tvalio, giyvarsT lxini da Wirs _ ki eridebiTo. es gamoTqma, me mgonia, ufro pirdapiri da rainduli iyo, vidre iezuitu-ri, da gvikvirs, b. nikolaZes rad ase Taviseburad gaugia?!

akaki

1890

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[ilia WavWavaZesTan damokidebulebis Sesaxeb] `ra uTqvams? ra mouCmaxavs? ra wigni dauweria?~

axalgazrda mgosani, dRevandeli Cveni cxovrebis sulier sazrdoTi gakaWkaWebuli da ver gawinaswarmetyvelebuli, imasve imeorebs, samwuxarod, rac brbos, Tavisis Seugneb-lobiT warmoudgenia da namdvili ki hgonia!... svanis Tqmi-sa ar iyos, `visac wverebi asxia, yvela rom mRvdeli iyos, maSin Cemi vacic xom dekanozi iqnebodao~. vis rogor esmis sityva: `inteligencia~, `axalTaobis kaci~, `sazogado mo-Rvawe~, `meTauroba~ da an sxvani. magram me ki garCeviT myavs yvela gaTvaliswinebuli da maTi Sesaxebi saswor-sazomic sxvagvari miWiravs xelSi: dRevandeli Cveni sazo-gado moRvaweebs Soris uTanxmoeba da xalxisagan anazdad gaburTavebuli `mec wavxdi Senc wagaxdineoba~ Tumca ase axlos arian erTmaneTTan, rogorc sikvdili da sicocx-le, magram imave dros gansxvavebac aseTia maT Soris, ro-gorc sikvdilisa da sicocxlis Sua.

sajarod TavisTavze saubari arc sasurvelia kacisaT-vis da arc mosawoni, magram xSirad moxdeba xolme, rom garemoeba CaiTrevs da gamoiwvevs sapasuxod. swored amis-Tana mdgomareobaSi varT Cvenc axla da brbos azrs, me da ilias Sesaxeb, mgosnisgan beWed dasmuls, upasuxod ver gavuSvebT, miT ufro rom marto Cven ar gvexeba da Sigve ueWvelad unda moyven sxvebic sazogadod.

ormoc weliwadze metia, rac me da ilia erTmaneTs vicnobT da araodes erTmaneTTan piradi usiamovneba da ukmayofileba ar gvqonia. piriqiT, garda siam-tkbili Sey-ra-Sexvedrisa da zrdilobian, darbaislur sityva-pasu-xisa erTi-meorisagan ara gvinaxavs ra, da an ki ra gvqonda gasayofi, rom erTmaneTSi uTanxmoeba mogvsvloda? ra maqvs misTana, rom imas Seexarbos? an da ras veZeb misTa-nas, rom ilias aqvs da mec momenatros? marTalia, erTsa da imave ganyenebul mizans sazogados da ara sapirados

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mivyavarT Tavisken. magram gza sxva da sxvaa da ar moxer-xdeba, rom erTmaneTs gadaveRoboT da msvleloba Se-uferxoT erTma meores! `romSi yoveli gziT SeiZleba Ses-vlao~, _ naTqvamia da Tu Cvenc, erTi miznis mimdevari, ori sxva da sxva gziT mivdivarT cal-calke _ is aRmosav-leTis da me dasavleTis gziT, es ar niSnavs uTanxmoebas da mtrobas. da an ki ra saWiroa, rom roca ilia Tavisi sa-kuTari gziT miiswrafis, mec maSin Tan vaxlde, misi sag-zali mimqondes da abJands davuwevde xolme? an roca me Cemi gziT mivdivar, raT unda ueWvelaT Cem gverdSi idges ilia WavWavaZe?

es ver gaugiaT, Semcdar-azris Semdgenlebs! magram maTTvis, rogorc Cans, meore garemoeba ufro gaurkveve-lia: ilias, rogorc gamoCenil mwerals, gaurCevlad `va-Sa-vaSas~ SeRaRadeben. rogorc sazogado moRvawes — eTay-vanebian gamourkvevlad. maTi swor-mxedvelobis isari ga-xiblulia da `kokasa Sigan raca sdgas, igive warmosdinde-bis~. rasac isini grZnoben da rogorc isini moqmedoben, imasve moiTxoven yvelasagan da Tu vinme gaudgaT, sxva gvarad hxsnian.

akaki ilias yovelgvar nawers qebis taSs ar ukravs da yovelgvar mis sazogado moRvaweobas ar eTanxmeba! sCans, rom emtereba da sZulso. igive Cem Sesaxebac iliazedac amas hfiqroben. imaT hgoniaT, rom siyvarulis da megob-robisaTvis, erTis mxriT yizilbaSuri saTvalTmaqco TeTri kbilebis Cena, `baSustaoba~ da [...]1medidurad brZaneba sajaroT da mere ki vizantiuri sacbiero Tavis mokatuneba da `ki, batono, Seni Wirimes~ wamdauwum game-orebaa. Tu mterzedac kargi iTqmis da moyvarezec Zviri, ver warmoudgeniaT!

imas, vinc ver mimxvdara, sad aris tyuili da sad mar-Tali, avi da kargi ver gaurCevia da sazogado da kerZo erTi da igive hgonia, an ra moeTxoveba da an ra daeje-

1 teqsti ar ikiTxeba.

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reba? imaze laparakic ar Rirs, magram naTqvamia: `rac Seendoba erso, ar mietevos berso~. rac soflis miTqma-moTqmas epativeba, is ar daeTmoba mwerlobas da Cveni mwignobrebic rom cotaoden sifrTxiles daiWerdnen, ar iqneboda urigo!...visac wverebi gamouSvia, yvela mRvdeli ar aris?! visac kalami auRia, yvela mwerali da vinc rames ambobs, yvela marTali!...

es aris mxolod ueWveli WeSmariteba da rodesac Cveni qveyanac am WeSmaritebas Seignebs, maSin Tavis Tavad gada-vardebian gulsaklavi andazebic da manamde ki, meti gza aRar aris, unda gavigonoT xolme:

`Senc waxdi, mec wamaxdine, qriste aRsdga, gixarodeso~.

akaki [1894]

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sapasuxo werili

jer kidev isev aSlili aqvs saWorikanao saRerReli `nacarqeqiebs~: fusfusoben da bzuian!... xan erTi gamo-ilaSqrebs xolme Cemken sawinaaRmdegoT didgulis Tofi-Ta da xan meore. islisa da Calis mSvild-isriT fiqroben Cvens dafrTxobas... im erTi goWisa ar iyos, kudi rom ga-ibzika da Wyioda: `mec naxir-naxirao!~- amaTac Tavi rain-daT moaqvsT da ver mimxvdaran, rom `cirkobanaobas~ ki TamaSoben. cirkSi rom oCafexazed Semdgari, cxvirpirga-muruli, klovni gamoipampulebs, sxva misi amxanagebic Tanve mogangaSed misdeven xolme da taSis kvriT amxneve-ben, egebo qandara rogorme gavacinoTo! da Tu ver Ses-Zles, maSin ki erTmaneTs daerevian xolme cema-tyepiT da bolos sul kotrial-kotrialiT migoraven sajinibosken. es yoliferi sasacinoa, magram sawyeni ki is aris, rom zo-gierTa Jurnal-gazeTis furclebi saklovno sarbielad gamxdara. marTalia, am jura-raindebis ayola da maTTan pirdapiri gamoxmaureba sakadrisi ar aris, magram imaTi gamoisobiT, sxvebTan laparaki ki SesaZlebelia da Cvenc mitom auxvieT maT gverdi da weriliT mivmarTeT erT pa-tivcemul redaqtors da zrdilobianad davekiTxeT: nu-Tu Tqveni sityvierebis taZari, Tqvenis TanxmobiT aris gadaqceuli sakaWkaWo mindvrad-Tqo? redaqciam `fuli-koTi~ gvipasuxa. am maRliT Canaberma poeturma Txzule-bam sadResaswaulo xarxari gamowvia `cirkis moyvarulTa da klounTa wamqezebelTa~ wreSi: `fulikos~ saavgarozo mniSvnelobas aZlevden: TviTon xom gulzed idebden, sxvebs reklamebad arigebden da droSasaviT frialobda ostaturad Serxeuli `iveriis furceli~, `sadac mgoni osuri~ da ara geniosuri Zilis piri iyo dastambuli. mag-ram es sofeli didxans vis SerCenia? ara aris ra daubo-loebeli! `fulikom~ `Juliko~ gamoiwvia da Seicvala me-

46

gangaSeTa dekaracia,∗ anu, rogorc cagareli ambobs, for-Tre...Ti! emwuTxaT, itkices da awuwundnen: `ra sa-kadrisia amgvar rameebis werao?~ fie! maTi `fuliko~ ki-dec daibeWda, didaT moswondaT, da gamvlel-gamomvle-lebs xelSi aCeCebdnen, rogorc umaRles satiris nimuSs da `Juliko~ ki, romelic ar dabeWdila, arc aravin cdila mis xalxSi gavrcelebas da mxolod `fulikos~ mibaZviTa da misive sapasuxod, xumrobiT daiwera, ar unda daweri-liyo? ra Znelia batonobis survili!! Cven liberal-pub-licist-kritikosebs jer kidev ver mounelebiaT gadasu-li baton-ymoba da sul ukana ricxvebiT wuwunoben da gulSi ki Turme, TviTon brZanebulan mtarval-batonebi. ai, damamtkicebeli sabuTebic: 1) silovanis saxeliT `ive-riis~ furclebzed gamoibeWda ucnauri proklamacia, romliTac amtkiceben, rom akaki qveynis orguli da moRa-lateao da Tanac ganCinebas gvidgenen: `Tavi dagvanebos akakim, gaSordes qarTvelobaso! amas Txovilobs mTeli saqarTvelo da misi megobrebic amasve urCeveno~ da sxva-ni... rom wavikiTxeT, gagvikvirda!.. yvelasa aqvs ufleba, TavisTvis, Cumad, radac unda, Tavi imad warmoidginos da saSinao davTarSic rac unda, is Casweros, magram gazeTi xom erTi vinmes kuTvnileba ar aris? is mTeli eris aris saSviliSvilod da rac iq ibeWdeba, sayuradReboa!.. Cvenc mitom SevekiTxeT redaqcias: gvibZaneT, SegvatyobineT, vin aris es silovani, romelic mTeli saqarTvelos saxe-liT ganCinebas adgens da cocxladve saflavebSi gvaZ-vrens misis azriT? mefea gvirgvinosani? amorCeuli pre-zidenti? Tu garibaldzed udidesi saero gmiri-diqta-tori? an ukan ra bargi mosdevs saqveynod da an win ra sagzali miuZRvis, rom ase didaT moaqvs Tavi-Tqo? amas yvela ikiTxavda Cvens adgilzed da Cvenc vikiTxeT. axla, ai, rogor gadausxvaferebiaT es Cveni sityvebi `silova-nis~ TanSeTqmulebsa da megangaSeebsa: `akaki ambobs: `me,

∗ dekoracia

47

did vinmes, rogor mibedavs viRac patara silovania sity-vis Semokadrebaso?~ `xandaxan sindisic kargi saqone-liao!~ _ naTqvamia vaWrebSi. TviTon gamouWriaT da Tvi-Tonve hkeraven!.. mohyolian kaWkaWur ocobodias Cve-ulebrivad, romelic Tavis gunebaSi sibrZne-mecniereba hgoniaT, da Wkuis maswavleblaTac gamopetriglaxavebu-lan... modiT axla da gamoekamaTeT maT?! 2) rodesac Cven wyevla-krulviT da muqariT gamogvixten axalmodis rain-debi, gagvikvirda. miT ufro, rom Cvenda Tavad arc ker-Zod da ar arc sazogadod imaTTan saqme ara gvqonia ra da mizezic ara migvicia ra. Cveni damnaSaoba mxolod is iyo, rom maTi brZanebiT maT Wkuazed ver gaviareT!.. es ar eWaSnikaT!.. maT ferxulSi, romelic Cven ar mogvwons, rom ar CavebiT, gabrazden, dahkarges zrdilobac ki da mog-vdgen... magram ranairaT?!!.. rac ki saukadriso sityva iyo qarTul leqsikonSi, amoweres, amoiRes da mogvayares qva-gundad. ras ar gvewameboden? ras ar amtkicebden? akakim es Caidina da isao! qveynis orgulia, moRalatea, grZnoba-gonebis gamyidvelia, goneba Clungi, umecari, uswavleli, magisi aRara varga! sisulelis mets veRaras swerso da sxvani... xma ar gagviRia, magram albaT imaTac igrZvnes, rom siCume marto Tanxmobis niSani ki ar aris, zogjer zizRis bralic ariso da Cvenma siCumem da xmis gamouReb-lobam sul gadaria isini! imdenze miaRwies, rom Cven Sesa-xeb sityva `gamosuqinsinebulic~ ki ixmares. Cven arc maSin dagviZravs krinti da mxolod esa vsTqviT: ar viRebT xmas imitom, rom Cvenzed moseulebi ar migvaCnia yuradRebis Rirsad, rogorc ara normalur mdgomareobaSi myofni! gveukadriseba kidec maTi ayola da im vaJbatonebis saxe-lis xsenebac ki, romelTac iagos roliT SemoudgamsT fe-xi cxovrebaSi da desdemonas cxvirsaxociT undaT cxov-rebaSi gaimkvlion gza-Tqo. aq Cven arc vismesi gvari gvix-senebia da arc saxeli... ganyenebulad iyo naTqvami, magram, hoi sakvirvelebav, Cven dausaxelebladac gamocvivden kandidatebi da ayvirden: Cvena varT is iagoo! vicaniT

48

Cveni Tavio da apilpilden. ai esec kidev nimuSi maTis me-didurobisa da baton-ymuri grZnobis!.. Cven pirdapir Se-uracxebas mogayenebT, saxelsac gixsenebT, gvarsac, mwe-rlobasac da es araferio!.. da Tqven ki viRaceebs zizRs rom ucxadebT, is Cven unda viyoT da rogor gabedeT Cveni ase agdebao? da sxvani. rwyil-tilebs da Wia-Ruebs gve-Zaxiso, rom SebRavian qveyanas. gana es marTalia? aba erTi damisaxelon, vis mivaTiTeT da an romeli maTgani piradaT movixsenieT?.. igav-araki, romelSiac kerZod, piradad, aravin ar aris dasaxelebuli, raT unda swyindes vismes? rodesac naTqvamia, rom ama da am wreSi, ama da am gunds, sadac kargic ureviao, umetesoba ara gvwamso, raT vinme eCreba im uvargisebSi da kargebTa Soris vera grZnobs Tavs, Tu guli sagules aqvs da niori ar uWamia? is ra Cve-ni bralia, rom zogierTebma Cvens arakSi Tavis Tavi daina-xon? ai, sagulisxmo magaliTi: is `nacarqeqiebze~ igav-araki, romelmac ase gaabraza dRevandeli Cveni kenWosne-bi, am ocdaSvidis wlis wineTac iyo naTqvami `droebaSi~ cxel-cxel ambebSi. maSindelma mekenWeebma iucxoves da aurzauri astexes, Cvena varTo, sworeT ise, rogorc dRes maTi Svilebi ideben Tavis Tavze da romels daujeroT mamebs Tu Svilebs? arc erTs!.. igav-araki cxovrebis sar-kea. mesarkes is ki ara aqvs miznaT, esa da es maxinji gava-javroo! ara, is sazogadod hfiqrobs: ai me am sarkes vake-Teb, dee, yvelam Caixedos Sig, mSveniermac da maxinjmac, wmidamac da gasvrilmac. Caixedon da sasargeblod gamo-iyenono!~ es cxadi WeSmariteba dRevandel Cven zogierT publicistebs an ar esmiT da an, Tu esmiT, ganzraxv iug-nureben Tavs da amitomac am vaJbatonebTan Cven aRara gvaqvs ra sakamaTo!.. sadac undaT da rac undaT sweron!.. Cven pasuxis gamcemi ara varT, miT ufro, rom droc ara gvaqvs: vamzadebT qarTvel moRvaweebis ormoci wlis Tavgadasavalsa.

akaki 5 marti, 1900 weli

49

gancxadeba

am bolo dros xSirad sasayveduro werilebi momdis xolme: xan sizarmaces mewamebian da xan _ Jinianobas, rom aRar swero!.. erTica da meorec Semcdari azria. da ai si-marTle: mimiRia ra mxedvelobaSi qarTuli Jurnal-gaze-Tebis xelmokleoba da agreve naxevar saukunis litera-turuli Sromis Semdeg Cemi mdgomareobac, vacxadeb Sem-degs: me kidev SemiZlia da mzaTac var viSromo Cven qar-Tul Jurnal-gazeTebSi yvelgan Semdegis pirobiT: 1) Cemi nawerebi sazogadod xelSeuxebeli unda ibeWdebodes re-daqciis mxriT da raSic ar meTanxmeba, imas SeniSvna ga-ukeTos. 2) mokle leqsebSi striqonSi TiTo abazs viReb da poemebSi or-ol Saurs. 3) prozaSi saerTod TiTo Sauri, magram ekonomiurad ki nu sbeWdaven da maSin mec iZule-buli aRar viqnebi, rom sxvagvari samuSao veZio! ai, sruli simarTle, romlis gamomJRavnebac ar mindoda, rom usa-fuZvlo werilebs da umrTo miTqma-moTqmas ybiT ar aveRe.

akaki

[1908]

50

mcire ram SeniSvna

Teatri sazogadod saskolo sarbielia, saidanac xe-lovnurad Sezavebuli, sasiamo da imave dros sasargeblo ram, msmenel-mayurebels grZnoba-gonebas uxiblavs da cxovrebis brZmedSi atarebs, da Tu es Rirseba aklia, ma-Sin ubralo salazRandaro safundrukod gadaiqceva.

g. erisTavis maRalma niWma da v o r o n c o v i s m e -o x e b a m Tavdapirveladve utyuar gzaze daayena qarTu-li scena da mitomac maSindel Teatrs mSobliuri suli edga da xorci esxa; muraviovma dRe daumokla Zliv fexad-gmuls da mas Semdeg qarTvelebs Teatri aRar gvRirsebia.

amis Tqmas, vici, bevri iucxovebs: `sad maSin da sad axlao, _ ityvis, _ rodesac sakuTari Senoba gvaqvs saTe-atro yovelgvar masalebiT savseo, saxelovani aqtior-aqtrisebi gvyvanan da piesebic uTvalavi gviWiravs xel-Sio~. marTla, axla sakuTari Senoba aqvs qarTul Teatrs da Zalian magraTac aSenebuli, Tvara rac iq `vaSa~, `vaSas~ Zaxilia, kedlebi unda ingreodes. msaxiobTa gundi Sesa-niSnavia da piesebic mravali, gansakuTrebiT naTargmni; erisTavis dros ki arc saxli iyo, arc scenis mowyobilo-ba, arc piesebi, garda antonovisa da erisTavis vodevil-komediebisa, magram mainc SedarebiT maSindeli sjobda dRevandels. rac maSin iyo, qarTvelisadmi saSinao da saT-valTvalo iyo da dRes ki yoliferi: `gareT mters guls uklavs da SigniT moyvares~.

_ dRes qarTul TeatrSi, qarTul scenaze, deda-ena gansacdelSia Cavardnili. guliTac rom undodes kacs, CiqorTulis mets veras gaigonebs, maSin, roca sxva qvey-nebSi, sxva xalxebSi, axalgazrdoba TeatrSi mitom ufro daiareba, rom deda-ena ufro safuZvlianad Seiswavlos, CvenSi ki piriqiT, rac icis, isic unda daiviwyos da gaswo-rebis magivrad gadimaxinjos ena.

am WeSmaritebas CvenSi dRes yvela naTlad xedavs, mag-ram mainc yvela Tavs marTlulobs da erTi meores

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abralebs: `mwerlebi ver sweren kargis eniTao~, `cudad Targmniano~, `komiteti yurs ar ugdebs da aras daeZebso~, `reJisori ar gvyavso~, `aqtiorebi rols ar izepirebe-no~_ da sxvani.

es yvela Tumca marTalia, magram gamtyunebiT ki yve-laze ufro aqtior-aqtrisebi arian gasamtyunari: mwer-loba da komiteti saqvelmoqmedo sarbielia, usasyidlo da aqtior-aqtrisebi ki sasyidels iReben. amas gardac bevrjer davswrebivar, rom kargi eniT dawerili piesa av-tors veRar ecnos aqtiorebis ybaSi Cavardnili. `aqanei~, `maqanei~, `masTen~, `biWi vceme~, `faetoni damiZaxe~, `Wku-isagan SeSliliao~ da sxvani.

dRevandeli sasceno samkaulebi gadamTielia da ara Cveneburi. istoriul piesebisTvis aTiode daglejili qulaja aqvT, ramdenime qudboxoxa da oriode uqarqaSo dana-xanjali _ da morCa gaTavda... amiT aferadeben isto-riul piesebs, romel saukunesac unda ekuTvnodes, Sore-uls Tu maxlobels. gvinaxavs rusTaveli rusuli talmiT morTuli da guriel-dadianebi satakimasxaro kintur qa-mar-tanisamosiT gamowyobili da sxvani... magram qarTu-lad ki arc erTxel...

piesebic, rasakvirvelia, bevri gvaqvs, gansakuTrebiT naTargmnebi. biornsebma, meterlinkebma, ibsenebma da sxvaTa scena moikaves, magram maTi xelovnuri dekadento-ba dRevandel qarTvelis grZnoba-gonebas bevrs veras eubneba, radganac, axal piesebze is Zveli qarTuli, antonov-erisTavis nawerebi ufro axlos arian: erisTavis dasis xsenebac aRarsad aris dRes. maSindel aqtiorebis saxelic daviwyebulia da dRevandelebs ki mowonebiT ix-senieben Jurnal-gazeTebSi, marTlac bevri niWieri ereva maTSi, magram mainc qarTuli aqtior-aqtrisebi ki arsad arian. rac adamians bunebiTad ar Seusisxlxorcebia, imas rogor daasuraTebs?...da mitomac Cveni niWieri moTamaSe-ebi sabraloni arian evropiul, dRevandel, dekadentur piesebSi. magaliTad, ra unda iyos gabunias qali gretxe-

52

nis rolSi da CerqeziSvilis qali rusis maTuSkaSi? aq imaT niWic umtyunebs da Semoqmedebac.

a x l a v n a x o T , r a g z a s a d a m i m a r T u -l e b a s u n d a d a a d g e s C v e n i T e a t r i . _ s w o r e T i m i s T a n a s , r o g o r s a c a d g i a n r u s u k e b i ( m a l o r o s i e l e b i ) . m c i r e r u -s e T s d a d i d i r u s e T s S o r i s i s e T i v e g a n s x v a v e b a a , r o g o r c a m e r e T s a d a i m e -r e T s S u a . r u s e T T a n e r T a d r u s u k e b i c e r T i s C a m o m a v l o b i s a r i a n d a m a T i e n a c e r T s a d a i m a v e Z i r z e a m o n a y a r i , m x o l o d c o t a o d n a d ( g a m e t e b u l i ) i s e r o g o r c m e g r u l - q a r T u l i e n a d a m e g -r u l i k i l o - k a v i . a m i t o m a c m c i r e r u -s e T i s m a c x o v r e b l e b s , a n u r u s u k e b s T a v i s i m w e r l o b a , r a s a k v i r v e l i a , a r h q o n i a T d a u k e T e s i m a T i m o R v a w e e b i r u s u l a T s w e r d n e n , r o g o r c m a g a l i -T a d g o g o l i . m x o l o d w a r s u l s a u k u -n i s S u a x a n e b S i t a r a s S e v C e n k o m d a -i w y o r u s u k e b i s k i l o T w e r a d a a m i T m o r C a d a g a T a v d a ! m i m b a Z v e l e b i m a i n -c a d a m a i n c b e v r i a R a r g a m o u C n d a .

am oci wlis winad krapivnickim Seadgina saTeatro dasi, rom TavSesaqcevari warmodgenebi gaemarTa xolme dabal-wodebisaTvis, romelic uqme dReebze usaqmurobis gamo kabakebSi loTobiT ixrCobdnen Tavs. survili kargi iyo, magram saqme saZnelo, rodesac erTi patara vodevi-lis meti ara moepovebodaT-ra maT kiloze dawerili, garda kotliarevskis `natalka paltavelisa~. am naklma mainc ver SeuSala xeli krapivnickis: iman mihyo xeli rusuli piesebis gadmokeTebas. Caudga adgilobrivi su-li, misca mSobliuri fer-xorci. zogi Tanamedrove cxov-rebidan iyo aRebuli, zogic da umetesi, viTom istori-uli mikib-mokibva da gaaCaRa saqme. pirvel xanebSi sasa-

53

cinod ar hyofnidaT es saqme, rogorc saburWalo ram, ara Tu rusebs, TviT rusukebsac ki. magram mokle xnis gan-mavlobaSi futkariviT iyara krapivnickis dasma da dRes aT gundze metia, moikida fexi ara marto samSobloSi, mTel ruseTsac ki moedven. dadian xan aq, xan iq, yovel qalaqebSi adgenen da saxsarTan erTad saxelsac imkoben. _ am saqmes ise Sexedes rusukebma, rogorc sazogado wminda moRvaweobas da ara sabavSvo, saburWalo ram gasarTobs, rogorc Cven gvgonia. imaT dasebSi umaRles saswavlebel-dasrulebulic bevri urevia. zogi doqto-ria, zogi iuristi da zogi kidev vin ar ginda, TiTqmis yve-la Segnebulia da goneba ganviTarebuli. naTargmn piesebs xels ar kideben. misTanas aras warmoadgenen, rasac pirda-piri kavSiri ara aqvs maTs samSoblosTan an istoriulad, an Tanamedroulad da momavlis sagulisxmod. suvorinma urCia znakovecis qals: Tu Cem TeatrSi gadmoxval da rusulad daiwyeb TamaSs, weliwadSi Tormet aTas maneTs mogcem da saxeli da dideba kidev sxva iqnebao. Sens did niWs raT xarjav mag patara saqmeSio? am sityvebiT Seura-cxyofilma artistma qalma upasuxa: milionic rom momce Cemi samSoblos samsaxurs misis gaWirvebiT ar gavcvli sxva ramezeo. CvenSi ki garda abaSiZisa, safarovas qalisa da v. guniasi ar minaxavs da arc dRes meguleba, rom sas-xvaTaSorisod ar uyurebdes qarTul scenas da, Tu uke-Tesi ram iSova, wixli ar kra Cvens Teatrs... niWiT savsesa da Cvengan camdi ayvanil artists mesxiSvils aba Tu erTi romelime roli Seuqmnia, rom Cvenis cxovrebidan iyos aRebuli da qarTuli suli edgas? am mxriT balanCivaZec ki sjobnis. da Tu ukeTesi Cveni artistebi, Cveni mxat-vrebisa ar iyos, garewrebi arian yovelive mSobliuris, sxvebze raRa gveTqmis.

am garewrobis gasamarTleblad Cveni e.w. moRvaweebi wara-mara gaiZaxian: Cven ra vqnaT, rom qarTvelebSi ara aris ra, rom sayuradRebo iyoso.

54

an samxatvro sad aris da an piesebi sada gvaqvso? _ visac guli uSlis, is verc aras naxavs da verc gaigebs... ra mizezia, rom rusukebs sul aTi Tu oci piesa aqvT, isic gadmokeTebuli, meti ara, da amdeni xani iolad midian: TiTo piesas weliwadSi oc-ocjer adgenen da xalxi mainc siamovnebiT eswreba da Cvenebi ki gvarwmuneben, rom qar-Tveli kaci erTxel naxuls piesas meored aRar naxavso? es didi tyuilia. xelovneba iseTi ramea, rom visac xiblavs, misgan moxibluli ki ar gaurbis, piriqiT, scdilobs, rom xSirad adevnos Tval-yuri da inetaros...

p i e s a r a c u f r o n i W i e r a d a r i s d a -w e r i l i , m i T u f r o Z n e l i s a T a m a S o a . u n i W o a r t i s t e b s S e u Z l i a T i s e d a a m a -x i n j o n C i n e b u l i p i e s a , r o m m a y u r e -b e l s z i z R i m o g v a r o n d a S e a Z u l o n . d a a g r e T v e u b r a l o r a m e c i s e k a r g a T S e i Z l e b a i T a m a S o n , r o m d a m s w r e T i s i a m o v n o n .

rac ufro Zlieri da maRali rolia, imas ufro Zlieri niWi eWirveba, magram miuxedavad amisa, pirvel rolebs yvelani etanebian. `ai, qalo, kargi roliao da TavisTa-vadac gamoitans Cven uniWo TamaSso!~ aviwydebaT, rom uniWo aqtiorisTvis yvela roli miuwvdomelia didic da patarac da niWierisTvis ki sul erTia: didSidac da pata-raSiac gamoiCens Rirsebas. rusukebis artistebs es WeS-mariteba SeugniaT da mwyobrad TamaSoben da butkas ar SeCerebian. Cvenebi ki ise gamodian scenaze, rom Tavis saTqmeli sityvebic ar ician, Torem mTeli piesa arc waki-Txuli aqvT da arc misi deda-azri ician da raRa unda dagvisuraTon.

raRa bevri gavagrZelo sityva?.. vityvi gadaWriT: 1. gadaTvalierdes Cveni piesebi da rac sasargeblo ar

aris, gamoigavos repertuaridan.

55

2. ena gadaswordes. 3. reJisorma jer unda waukiTxos artistebs Tavidan

bolomde piesa, gaacnos deda-azrs, auxsnas TviTeuls moqmedi piris xasiaTi da yvelas misTana roli daurigos, romelic mis niWs Sehferis.

moTamaSeebma jer unda gaizepiron TavTavisi rolebi da mere daiwyon repeticiebi. intrigebsa da kulisebSi miTqma-moTqmas eridon da sufliorebis imedaT ar iyon xolme. Tu am gzas daadgebian, me darwmunebuli var, rom Cveni Teatri saxels gamoibrunebs da maSin eseni ki aRar Seexvewebian publikas `iareT RvTis gulisaTviso~, `saq-velmoqmedo saqmeao~, aramed TviTon publika ecdeba maT xSirad naxvas da scenis Tvalyuris devnebas.

[1908-1914]

56

qarTuli arqeologiuri naSTebi

da zepirsityviereba

me safilosofoso da samecniero saubriT Tavs ar SegawyenT, ubralo rameze msurs gesaubroT, imaze, rac me didi xania naRvelSxamaT maqvs gulze da rac marto Cemi sapirado ar aris. igi Tqvenc SegexebaT da Tu TqvenSi Ta-nagrZnoba gamoviwvie, Cemi jildoc es iqneba. bedaurebi, Zveli baCebi gadaSendnen, dRevandeli qarTvelebi ise gvanan TavianT winaprebs, rogorc baxi cxenebi winandel bedaurebs. Cveneburi Taviseburi aRara gvaqvs da axals ki maimunuraT viTvisebT. bevri imasac fiqrobs da mzakvru-lad ambobs: ra hqonia Cvens winaprebs, ra dagvitoves, rom igi davkargoTo! maT dagvitoves `akldama~, anu gmirTa savane, romelsac mTlianad saqarTvelo ewodeba. es mSve-nieri sanatreli qveyana, didebuli nayofis momcemi da yvavilovan-surnelovani edemi, mowameTa sisxliT aris gaJRenTili da TavdadebulTa ZvlebiTa gapoxierebuli. im Tavidan qarTvelebs mtrebTan brZolaSi, sisxlis Rvra-Si Tavi usaxelebiaT, Tavisi vinaoba gmiriviT daucavT, magram amave dros hqonda mas kulturuli rame, caloda mas amisaTvis, an