SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti · ciklidan `terenti graneli~ 11. zena soneti WeSmaritebas eZiebdi cxovreba mTeli, da, aha, hpove akldama da gvirgvini mWknari, sadac

1

SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis

instituti

Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian iterature

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Versif icat ion

Tbilisi2015

3

l e q s m c o d n e o b a

terenti granelisadmi miZRvnili

leqsmcodneobis merve

samecniero sesia

(masalebi)

7

Tbilisi 2015

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UDC(uak) 821.353.1.09-1

redaqtoriTamar barbaqaZe

saredaqcio kolegia

irma ratianizaza abzianiZelevan bregaZeTamar lomiZezoia cxadaia

saredaqcio sabWo

konstantine bregaZemanana gelaSviliTamaz vasaZeemzar kvitaiSvilimarine jiqia

pasuxismgebeli mdivanigubaz leTodiani

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofaTinaTin duglaZe

leqsmcodneoba, 2015misamarTi: 0108, Tbilisi, merab kostavas q. # 5. telefoni: 99-18-81faqsi: 99-53-00E-mail: [email protected]

ISSN 1987-6823

EditorTamar Barbakadze

Editorial Board

Irma RatianiZaza AbzianidzeLevan BregadzeTamar LomidzeZoia Tskhadaia

Editorial Council

Konstantine BregadzeManana GelashviliTamaz VasadzeEmzar KvitaishviliMarine Jikia

Responsible EditorGubaz Letodiani

Computer SoftwareTinatin Duglafze

Versification, 2015Address: 0108, TbilisiM. Kostava str. 5Tel.: 99-18-81Fax: 99-53-00E-mail: [email protected]

5

mirza gelovani

terenti granels

Sen am qveyanas ver SeeTvise,da Seni grZnoba leqsSi daiwva.rogorc galia, SenTvisac isepatara iyo es dedamiwa.

baironisebr moxetialev,versad daige sulis karavida xanZariviT uceb ialerogorc arc erTi, rogorc aravin

lodinis CrdilSi ideqiT Tqven dasisxliT naweri `Memento mori~,fiqrTa Subebi simSvides xevda,Sen da lodini iyaviT orni.

da daiRupeT rogorc bogema,rogorc fiqrebi saqarTveloze,Seni leqsebi rCeba mogebad,mTel poeziis gaSlil mdeloze.

dRes ki aRar xar da mtkiva guli,cremlebi TvalTa upes lesaven,Zmao terenti, Sen daRlil suliTCems daTalxul suls enaTesave.

Cvens xanas surda Seni bodiSi,ar mouxade, radgan bnelia,da daiRupe, Tumca lodinSiSeni leqsebi kvlav mas èlian~.

da mainc waxvel imediT, albaT,fiqrob, tanjuli iq binas povebda migiReben dardisgan dambals,Sen – saqarTvelos WeSmarit poets.

1934

ìvrispireli mzeWabuki. mirza gelovanis cxovrebisa da

Semoqmedebis wigni~. Tbilisi, àbuli~, 2008, gv. 60-61.

6

lado asaTiani

1939 wlis zamTari

Tovs da anaTebs sadRac kandeli,didi sasaxlis brwyinavs karebi.Sen ki, viT Tovlis TeTri fanteli,daRupvisaken mieqanebi.agitans SiSi da Jruanteli,gagiTeTrdeba TvalTa upeni,nuTu, viT Tovlis TeTri fanteli,Senc ise mSvidad daiRupebi?!Tovs, da TovaSi aq dgaxar martoda ZaRlis xmaze gabmulad stiri.es Sen icodi zamTris RameSira awuxebda mSobliur Tbiliss.es Sen icodi. magram mec vici,radgan me Seni var naTesavi,mec mimiRia poetis fici,mec mawvalebda leqsi SensaviTTovs da TovaSi gigoneb, Zmao,Cans daTovlili saydari Seni...TeTri xalaTiT dgaxar amaod,gaTovs, gaTovs … da aravin gSvelis.Tovs da TovaSi gigoneb, Zmao.vin gagiyuCebs tkivils da varams?mWknari foToli daxval, amaod,aqamdis arvin ar Segviyvra.aTovs Tbiliss da Tbilisis Rames,gaTeTrebula saydari jvariT,– aq ucxovria terenti granels? –ityvis mSvidad da Caivlis mgzavri.

1939

7

zviad gamsaxurdia

ciklidan `terenti graneli~

11. zena

soneti

WeSmaritebas eZiebdi cxovreba mTeli,da, aha, hpove akldama da gvirgvini mWknari,sadac xmianebs avbediTi dumilis qnari,sad idumalTa samyaroTa macneebs eli.

Tu ar gasTele usasoo WmunvaTa veli,verodes hpovo RvTaebrivi sevdis baRnari,ver eziaro uzenaess locvad damdnari,ver moiwio sasoebis savse Taveli.

soflis amao gancxromani, netarebanisizmarebr gahqren, mogelian angelozT dasni,axmiandeba SenSi isev saRvTo ebanida ros dascalo kurTxeulni mravalni Tasni,nu daiviwyeb, rom Senc iyav codvilTagani,rameTu hpove maradiul ltolvis sagani.

8

Tornike gogniaSvili

terenti granels

nu gamiwyrebi, megobaro, rom ZalmiZs wera,rom satrfos Cemi striqonebi vards urCevnia,gaxsnili caa, nawvimari miwa rom keravs,gaxsnili caa, rom inaxavs mzisfermtevnianxeivnebs; morCnen samreklos xmaurs zarebi,rad SerCenia Semodgomas zamTris zmaneba?!me sxvanairi melodia maTrobs qarebis,me sxvanairi mze maSinebs qalisTvaleba.mze myudroebas Zveleburad rad emaleba?!an wvimis xmaze rad dadumdnen TeTri miwebi?me arasodes SemeZleba gardacvaleba,da, megobaro, nurasodes nu gamiwyrebi.

2014

9

Tamar barbaqaZe

terenti granelis leqsi

gamorCeuloba poetTa xvedria: sicocxlec da sikvdilic WeSmariti lirikosisa misi mSobeli xalxisaTvis dauviwyaria da eris fiqris, gansjis, sworad cxovrebisaTvis aucilebeli sazrdos tolfasi. sulis sakvebad yovel qveyanas Zlieri, Rrma rwmenis mqone mgosanTa Sedevrebi sWirdeba.

terenti granelis gamorCeuli cxovreba da lirikuli Sedevrebi XX s. pirveli mesamedis saqarTvelos tragikuli istoriis fonze ikiTxeba. ucnauri da gamorCeuli fsevdoni-mis SerCeviTac aiZulebs igi Tavis Tayvanismcemlebs, ifiq-ron masze, Seiyvaron igi iseTi, rogoric iyo.

terenti granels Tanamedroveni: v. barnovi, k. gamsaxur-dia, v. gafrindaSvili da a.S. maRal Sefasebas aZlevdnen, magram sruliad gamorCeuli adgili miakuTvnes terenti granels misma Tanamedrove Wabukma poetebma: mirza gelovan-ma da lado asaTianma.

dRemde miiCnevdnen (nika agiaSvili, leri alimonaki), rom 1939 wels lado asaTianma, pirvelma qarTvel poetTa Soris, leqsi miuZRvna terenti granels; Tumca aqve unda aRvniS-noT, rom `1939 wlis zamTari~ lado asaTianis krebulebSi dRemde ar aris Setanili:

... Tovs da TovaSi gigoneb, Zmao,Cans daTovlili saydari Seni...TeTri xalaTiT dgaxar amaod,

gaTovs, gaTovs... da aravin gSvelis.

2008 wels gamomcemloba àbulma~, manana zariZisa da ci-cino gabidauris ZalisxmeviT, gamosca `mirza gelovanis cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis wigni. ivrispireli mzeWabuki~ (redaqtori e. kvitaiSvili), romlis furclebzec pirvelad ixila mkiTxvelma 17 wlis mirza gelovanis mier 1934 wels, terenti granelis gardacvalebisas, dawerili leqsi; TiTqmis bavSvi mirza alalad, gulwrfelad afasebs terenti grane-lis moqalaqeobriv vaJkacobasa da Tavganwirvas:

10

Cvens xanas surda Seni bodiSi,

ar mouxade, radgan bnelia,

da daiRupe, Tumca lodinSi

Seni leqsebi kvlav mas èlian~.

(gelovani 2008: 60)

mirza gelovanma, terenti granelis saxiT, monaTesave suli ipova da TanagrZnoba `cremlebiT amolesili TvalTa upeebiT~ gamoxata:

dRes ki aRar xar da mtkiva guli

cremlebi TvalTa upes lesaven,

Zmao terenti, Sen daRlil suliT

Cems daTalxul suls enaTesave.

(gelovani 2008: 60)

terenti granelis sulis mqone poetisaTis isedac rTuli iqneboda yoveldRiuroba, sadagi dReebi cxovrebisa, magram XX s. 20-30-iani wlebis `bnelma xanam~, rogorc mirza gelo-vani uwodebs sabWoTa epoqas zemoxsenebul leqsSi, tragiku-li xvedri arguna granelsa da `Wabukebad darCenil~ poeteb-sac: mirza gelovansa da lado asaTiansac.

terenti granelis leqsebis umravlesoba, albaT, samu-damod gauCinardeboda am `bneli xanis~ gamo, rom ara leri alimonakis Tavganwiruli siyvaruli da erTguleba, Sroma da daJinebuli cda poetis `rCeulis~ gamosacemad. swored leri alimonakis mier Sedgenili terenti granelis `rCeuliT~ (1979) aRvnusxeT poetis saleqso formebi. krebulSi Sesu-lia 557 poeturi Txzuleba, romelTa absoluturi umrav-lesoba lirikuli leqsia, aris oriode verlibri da `leqsi prozad~, lirikuli prozis eqvsiode da miniaturis nimuSi. myari saleqso formebidan terenti granels yvelaze metad sonetis forma izidavda, dauweria ramdenime trioletic.

terenti granelis leqsebis naxevari (331) simetriuli aT-marcvlediT (5/5) aris dawerili, sazomebidan sixSiriT meore (65) xuTmarcvledia (2/3; 3/2; 1/4); mesame adgili ki qarTuli poeziisaTvis SedarebiT axal sazoms, XX s. 10-iani wlebidan damkvidrebul 4/4/2-s ekuTvnis. am sazomiT terenti granels

11

30 leqsi dauweria. `cisferyanwelTa~ sayvareli metriT – 5/4/5-iT poeti SedarebiT naklebad (mxolod 11 leqsia am sa-zomiT gamarTuli) sargeblobs, ufro metad moswons 7-marcv-ledis orive saxeoba (5/2 – 28 leqsi, 4/3 – 21 leqsi). sul 8 leqsia Sesrulebuli maRali (3) da dabali SairiT (5). samiode leqsi ki 3/3/2-iT. `lurja cxenebis~ metri (43/43) mxolod 7 leqsSi gvxvdeba.

izosilaburi sazomebis garda, heterosilabizmsac mi-marTavs poeti, Tumca araTanabarmarcvliani da narevi leq-sebis raodenoba 15-s ar aRemateba. ase rom, terenti granelis versifikacia, sazomebisa da gariTmvis sistemebis mixedviT, Tvals ver mosWris mkvlevars. jvaredini riTma (abab) gvxvde-ba poetis 524 leqsSi. mxolod ociode leqsia gariTmuli wyviladi (aa) da mosazRvre (aaaa), an intervaliani (xaxa) riTmiT.

terenti granelis versifikaciuli portreti mkveTrad gamoxatulia: aTmarcvlediT (5/5) Sesrulebuli, jvaredi-nad gariTmuli (abab) katreniT. es struqtura, forma aris kristali da misi meSveobiT mkiTxvelTan midis poeturi in-formacia, romlis gadacemis saSualeba aq Sinaarsis igive-obrivia: mudmivi da myari, ucvleli, uryevi sulieri mRel-vareba da molodini Caketil sivrceSi.

terenti granelis poezias mixeil zandukeli neoroman-tizmis mimarTulebis mixedviT ganixilavda. cnobilia, rom neormantizmisa da simbolizmis zRvarze mdgari poetis Se-moqmedebaSi misTvis niSandoblivi metaforuli struqtura ivseba bunebrivi da xelovnuri samyaroebiT: `samyaro – xisa~ da `samyaro – wignis~ paradigmebis mdidari tradiciebidan amozrdili konkretuli mxatvruli saxeebiT, neoromanti-kul lirikul modelSi `vardebi~ da `kldeebi~ adgils uT-mobs simbolisturi esTetizmis programiT SemoTavazebul `saxlebsa~ da `wignebs~ (xelovnur samyaros). `saxlebisa~ da `kldeebis~ metaforul Tanxvedras, iseve, rogorc `wigne-bisa~ da `vardebisa~, aqvT avtonomiuroba: rogorc saxlebi Sendeba kldiT, anu qviT, aseve wignebsa da vardebs aqvT ra-Raca saerTo: orive Sedgeba furclebisagan. erT SemTxveva-Si – qaRaldis, meoreSi ki mcenarisagan, romelic cocxal

12

samyaros miekuTvneba. bunebrivi, originaluri da xelovnu-ri, wignieri, literaturuli samyaros Serwymis mijnaze ibadeba swored kristaluri struqtura leqsisa, romelsac aqvs simyare kldisa da proporciuloba, wesrigi vardisa (xanzen-liove 1999: 51-57). lirikul modelSic `vardebi~ da `kldeebi~, bunebis esTetizaciis gzaze, poeturi motivebis metaforebia. originaluri metafora mkvidrdeba terenti granelis leqsiT `***me isev vwevar, gareT qaria~, romelSic mTvare – foTolia:

male amova yviTeli mTvare

da mTvare – lurji cis foTolia.

(graneli 1979: 237)

foToli, rogorc furceli, lurji cis fonze ivseba, iwereba, rogorc wigni, sadac xelovnebis wesrigi leqsis kristalebad gardaiqmneba. `kristalisa~ da `sarkis~ simbo-loebi ki simbolistebTan alegoriad warmogvidgeba: rusi simbolistebi poetur Txzulebas TabaSiris larnaks adare-ben, romlis wiaRSi iwvis sanTeli, Suqi ki WurWels asxivebs.

àm kosmiuri TviTkmarobiT aris gajerebuli kristalur-sarkuli samyaro, romelsac sakuTari sinaTle ar gaaCnia da SeuZlia, mxolod aireklos, daarefleqsos. erTaderTi in-formacia, romelsac artefaqti Seicavs, aris misi sakuTari struqtura: informaciis gadacemis forma aq Sinaarsis igi-veobrivia~ (xanzen-liove 1999: 65). sarkiseburi asaxvis, kon-gruentulobis meSveobiT Seqmnili kristalur-sarkuli leqsebi terenti granelis lirikaSi, umTavresad, orstro-fiani struqturiT iqmneba. kristalis metafora esTetizmis poeziis avtopoetologiuri arsis Tematizirebas axdens: aq, TiTqos, realizdeba garkveuli gamonaSuqi poeturi efeqte-bis totaluri zedapirisa. amgvari mxatvruli teqstis ide-aluri tipia leqsi leqsze.

terenti granelis sarkiseburi asaxvis principiT Seq-mnili leqsebi, TabaSiris lampaSi moTavsebuli sinaTlis msgavsad, naTels hfens poetis individualizms, gamorCe-ulobas, `daTovlili sanTlis~ metaforas eyrdnoba leri

13

alimonaki gafiTrebuli, `grZnobis Signidan mowolili Se-ucnobeli ZaliT usazRvrod gaocebuli~ terenti granelis sulieri portretis Seqmnisas, 1979 w. `rCeulis~ winasityva-obaSi (alimonaki 1979: 5-17).

... da Cemi mwuxare sulimsgavsia daTovlil sanTlis.

(`daTovlili sanTeli~. graneli 1979: 230)

– ase aRwera sakuTari sulis portreti poetma-vizioner-ma, romlis xilva glovasac ki konkretizacias uZebnida leqs-Si `daTovlili sanTeli~:

gaTavda cremlebis Tova,o, xsovnas ra nela Zinavs.da TeTri qalwuli – glovaecema sisxlian minas.

(`daTovlili sanTeli~. graneli 19979: 230)

terenti granelis lirikis sinaTle, SesaZloa, mkrTa-lia, siciviT, TovliT garemoculi, Casaqrobad ganwiruli sanTlisa da TabaSiris lampidan gamomavali Suqis msgavsad, magram mudmivi imedis wyaroa misi uamravi Tayvanismcemli-saTvis. vfiqrob, erT-erTi mizezi terenti granelis popu-larobisa Tanamedrove krizisuli epoqisaTvis esec aris: mkiTxveli grZnobs sulier erTobasa Tu naTesaobas mudmivi xorcieli Tu sulieri SeWirvebiT daRlil, martosul, momlodine terenti granelTan:

es Savi Rame gaivlis, albaT,kedelze isev kacis CrdiliaCem win anTia mwuxare lampa, anTia lampa da dumilia.

(`***isev Ramea, isev landia~. graneli 1979: 316)

terenti granelis avtoportreti `zamTris bareliefis~ fonze ukeT auxsnis Cvens Tvalsazriss mkiTxvels:

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saRamo, kankali sanTlis

irgvliv dawolili nisli.

faruli wamebis landi

poetis cremli da sisxli.

ar aris tirilis garda

sulisTvis nugeSi sruli.

Seirxa simwaris farda

da tyeSi gafrinda guli.

gaixsna vedrebis rkali

(zamTari sicocxles marTmevs).

qalaqis fermkrTali qali

sarkesTan SekrTeba sadme.

(`zamTris bareliefi~.

graneli 1979: 317-318)

terenti granelis strofikis umniSvnelovanesi Tavise-burebaa taepobrivi gameoreba: orstrofiani kompoziciebi sarkiseburad, xolo ramdenime strofiT Sedgenili leqsebi aucileblad ireklavs taeps, an ortaepedebs.

varsebob, minda

sicocxle wynari.

saRamo – wminda

qveyana – qari.

saRamo – wminda

qveyana – qari

varsebob, minda

sicocxle wynari.

(`***varsebob, minda~.

graneli 1979: 85)

midis es xana,

midis es fiqri.

da es qveyana

dardisgan mihqris.

15

da es qveyana

dardisgan mihqris.

midis es xana,

midis es fiqri.

(`***midis es xana~.

graneli 1979: 125-126)

nawvimaria,

Zinavs bunebas.

ca – sizmaria,

gza – dabruneba.

gza – dabruneba

ca – sizmaria

nawvimaria

Zinavs bunebas.

(`buneba~. graneli 1979: 232)

mwuxare baRis

dReebi kruli

qarTveli xalxis

spetaki suli.

qarTveli xalxis

spetaki suli.

mwuxare baRis

dReebi kruli

(`xalxi~. graneli 1979: 169)

terenti granelis orstrofiani kompoziciebi zeinab sa-rias moxsenebasa da, Sesabamisad, am krebulSi dabeWdil naS-romSia ganxiluli, Cven ki aRvniSnavT, rom swored strofikaa saleqso parametrTagan (sazomi, strofika, riTma) yvelaze gamorCeuli terenti granelis leqsisaTvis. swored am mxriv aris misi versifikacia gamorCeuli, individualuri. 557 Txzulebidan stroful gameorebas emorCileba 345 leqsi; aqedan orstrofiani, ufro xSirad sarkiseburi, kongru-en-tuli asaxviT gamoirCeva 139 leqsi, sam da metstrofian

16

leqsebSi gameorebuli strofebi ki 206 leqsSi gvxvdeba: leqs-strofebis ricxvi 10-s aRwevs.

pirobiTad, am orstrofiani kompoziciebis gadakecva rom SeiZlebodes, taepebi erTmaneTs daemTxveva. es uCveulo damTxveva formiseuli, grafikuli niSania poetis sulieri viTarebisa:

... da var TiTqmis yovelTvis

ganwyobili leqsisTvis.

miwa, ca umaRlesi, –

xom poetis gulia,

da mgonia me leqsi

yvelgan gabneulia.

(graneli 1979: 86)

samyaro – leqsis fonze danaxuli (miwa, ca – poetis guli) ufro misaRebi da asatania ara mxolod terenti graneli-saTvis, aramed misi uamravi TayvanismcemlisaTvis, romel-Tac uaRresad uWirT fizikuri TviTgadarCenisaTvis velur samyarosTan brZola, sulierad ki sicivisa da miusafrobis gaZleba uwevT; romantikul gmiris msgavsi Tavganwirva gaxda saWiro idealis SesanarCuneblad. vimeoreb, albaT, amanac ganapiroba terenti granelis gansakuTrebuli popularoba Tanamedrove axalgazrdebis wreSi.

aTasobiT qarTvelis sadReiso, sabediswero kiTxva ref-renad gaismis terenti granelis oTxstrofian leqsSi `sam-Soblos~, romlis pirveli-meoTxe katrenebi meordeba:

raRac minda sicocxleze meti,

ufskrulia da Sen marto hkivi.

me mafiqrebs saqarTvelos bedi,

me ganvicdi Cem samSoblos tkivils.

rogorc oxvra Soreuli gedis,

anda rogorc marmarilo civi,



17

vgrZnob msoflios da usazRvros vetrfi,

Sen gaigeb Cem amnair tirils.




ufskrulia da Sen marto hkivi.



(`samSoblos~. graneli 1979: 95)

ufskrulis piras mdgari saqarTvelosa da qarTvelis `kivili~ am SedevrSi uaRresad sada da marTalia. yovel strofSi gameorebuli, refrenad qceuli ortaepedebis me-oxebiT, gamoikveTa orwevredi: `saqarTvelos bedi~, romel-sac eriTmeba wyvilebi: `sicocxleze meti~, `Soreuli gedis~, ùsazRvros vetrfi~. samSoblos bedis amgvari tragikuli simZafriT gaazreba, bunebrivia, Tanamedrove qarTvelis-Tvisac yoveldRiuri dilemaa da amitomac eTanxmeba igi po-ets, romelic ndobiT mimarTavs Tavis mkiTxvels: `Sen gaigeb Cem amnair tirils~. es leqsi TiTqmis ganZarcvulia tradi-ciuli tropebisagan. mxolod ori Sedarebaa. `rogorc ox-vra Soreuli gedis~, ànda rogorc marmarilo civi ~ – orive uaRresad saSiSi: samSoblos bedi tirils, glovas, anda akldamis sicives ukavSirdeba da ufskrulis winaSe mdga-ri qveynisa da misi mkvidris gancdas amZafrebs. darCenili sariTmo calebis samive wyvili: hkivi-tkivils, civi-tkivils, tirils-tkivils SekumSuli, orsityviani leqsia: tkivilTan dawyvilebuli: kiviliT, siciviT, tiriliT. poets sityva miaCnia erTaderT nugeSad, amitomac mas Seafara Tavi; sam-wuxarod, es tragizmi moucilebeli, ganuyofelia terenti granelis sadagi dReebisaTvis:

varsebob, TeTri dRea iseve,

vigoneb striqons, gulSi dawerils

aha, mivedi, ver movisvene,

ager, Sens Zvirfas saflavs davcqeri.

18

dawolilia Tbilisi dabla

(bedi mZimea da ulmobeli).

vxedav qveyanas. vxedav Sens saflavs

da Cvenc, Zvirfaso, es dRe mogvelis.

(`saflavi~. graneli 1979: 247)

strofika, rogorc terenti granelis leqsis ganmsazR-vreli parametri, mravalmxriv aris sayuradRebo: mesame ta-epis marcvalTmetoba SeiniSneba leqsSi `ganSorebis lodebi~ (xinTibiZe 2009: 302).

aTovlili savane,

Tan survili gviani

rCeba odnav dasanani

es dReebi mziani.

(`ganSorebis lodebi~.

graneli 1979: 174)

sagulisxmoa, rom am leqsis pirvel strofSi Tu mesame taepi maRali SairiT aris Sesrulebuli, meore strofSi mesa-me taepis marcvalTmetoba dabali SairiT aris gadmocemuli:

male gava zamTari

mgoni, vnaxav gazafxuls.

Rame swovs, rogorc afTari

suls, leqsebSi damarxuls.

samstrofiani kompoziciiT Sesrulebuli es lirikuli Txzuleba bolovdeba mesame, izosilaburi strofiT, romlis oTxive taepi 7-marcvledia: I-II-IV – 4/3-iT, xolo mesame – 3/4:

da sizmrebis morevi

CemTan modis godebiT.

mZimea ganSorebis

Tovliani lodebi.

Tormetmarcvliani aleqsandriuli leqsi (33/33) vari-acebiT (33/24; 24/24) aris Sesrulebuli `faruli vedreba~, romelSic galaktioniseuli dialeqturi neologizmi `fer-

19

vali~ xmianobs. `w~ da `v~ bgerebis aliterirebis fonze ixa-teba simboluri saxe lirikuli gmirisa:

jvarebTan gaivlis faruli vedreba

wirvebiT wamiRebs wamebis mwvervali

vardisfer sarkeSi survili berdeba

mTvaresTan Camowva uvnebo fervali.

(`faruli vedreba~. graneli 1979: 168)

terenti granelis izolisaburi leqsis fonze kontras-tulad ikiTxeba poetis ramdenime Txzuleba, romlebic ara-Tanabarmarcvliani narevi sazomebiT aris dawerili: `Sens gaqcevas~, `Ramis mousvenroba~, `***sad malavs buneba~, `***me amden wamebas viTmen~; xolo `me da is~, romelsac axlavs gan-marteba `leqsi prozad~, intervaliani riTmiTa (xaxa) da Tormetmarcvliani sazomiT sxvadasxva variaciiT – aris Ses-rulebuli (3/5/4, 4/3/5, 5/4/3) originaluri grafikiT:

dRisiT Cven erTimeores aRar vxedavT

da arc gvinda, rom dRe quCaze viaroT.

Cven bneli Rame gviyvars mxolod imitom

rom fiqrebi erTmaneTs gavuziaroT.

me ki didad mZuls Rame usazRvro, vrceli

ros guli sWkneba WmunviT da iarebiT

da Tu dRes miyvars Rame, mxolod imitom

rom me da is sul fexiT daviarebiT.

(`me da is~. graneli 1979: 372)

ritmuli variaciebis cvalebadobiT, saTqmelis alego-riulad gadmocemas da originalur melodiurobas aRwevs poeti leqsSi: `mkvdari survilebi~. 12-marcvliani aleqsan-driuli leqsis TiTqmis yvela variantia momarjvebuli am teqstSi: 24/24, 33/24, 444/3333, 24/42, 33/33, 444/2433, 4246; poeti originaluri ritmul-metruli struqturiT gvim-JRavnebs Tavis arCevans:

ra mwarea ase drois gagrZeleba, 42/24

es TeTri cremlebi da glova Cemia. 33/33

20

ra vqna, me cxovreba isev meZneleba 24/24

da wiTel yvavilebs tyvia mirCevnia. 22424

(`mkvdari survilebi~. graneli 1979: 211)

erTi SexedviT, am strofSi politikuri Sexedulebebi poetisa ar Cans, magram Tu Cven mier xazgasmul Sesityvebebs davakvirdebiT, terenti granelsa da `gawiTlebuli~ saqar-Tvelos urTierTobis tragizmis gamocnoba aravis gaukvir-deba. sagulisxmo sariTmo erTeulebis semantikac: glova Cemia – tyvia mirCevnia; drois gagrZeleba – isev meZneleba. arasasurveli sinamdvileSi `mkvdari survilebiT~ moarsebe poetis avtoportreti am leqsSi amgvarad ixateba:

me Cemi imedi sadRac Sors mgonia 33/33

da siCume isev sasaflaozea 42/6

guli – samarea, grZnoba – koconia 24/24

tani – simZimea, guli – qaosia. 24/24

rogorc cnobilia, heterosilabur sazomebSi iSviaTad imarTeba strofi 6:5-iT. marcvalTa amgvari TanafardobiT aris dawerili terenti granelis `***Sen xedavdi maRlobs~, `***sad malavs buneba~, `***Sen tirils ismen~ da sxv. (Sdr. galaktionis `mival, gadavkocni / Cemsa mTvaresa~) (xinTibiZe 2009: 116).

Sen xedavdi maRlobs 42

da locva msurda 32

da ismoda axlo 42

sikvdilis sunTqva 32

(`***Sen xedavdi maRlobs~.

graneli 1979: 336)

datexili ToTxmetmarcvledis (5/4, 5), anu cxramarcvle-dis xuTmarcvledTan Sefardebis saintereso nimuSs vxvdebiT terenti granelis leqsSi ̀ ***es yvelaferi Cemze iTqva~. qarT-velma romantikosebma pirvelad datexes besikuri ToTxmet-marcvledi (5/4/5) ori nawilad; 5/4, 5. terenti graneli am mxriv mxolod ramdenime leqsiT iqcevs yuradRebas.

21

es yvelaferi Cemze iTqva, 5 4

vis gavugono. 5

Sens Zvirfas saxels waikiTxavs 54

Tvali uRono. 5

(`***es yvelaferi Cemze iTqva~.

graneli 1979: 342)

TerTmetmarcvledis aTmarcvledTan (11:10) SexamebiT iqmneba terenti granelis `sicocxlis gradacia~:

wiTeli mze aelvarda minebTan 4 4 3

modis Cumi da cisferi Rame 4 4 2

uimedo gulis Zgera minelda 4 4 3

Sen, wmindao macxovaro, amin! 4 4 2

(`sicocxlis gradacia~.

graneli 1979: 100)

sagulisxmoa, rom metrul sqemaSi 11:10-iT mxolod pirveli da bolo, meeqvse, strofia gamarTuli, danarCeni strofebi ki 10:11-iT aris Sesrulebuli:

Caesvena survilebis grova, 4 4 2

rogorc Sori miraJebis seria. 4 4 3

axla ufro dafiqrebis droa, 4 4 2

Cadenili Secdomebi bevria. 4 4 3

gameoreba, rogorc ritorikuli figura, umTavresia terenti granelis strofikasa da poetur stilistikaSi. anaforuli kompoziciiTa da I-V mrCobledebis identuri gameorebiT iqmneba poetis erT-erTi Sedevri `saaxalwlo elegia~:

me imdenad SeveCvie sikvdils,

aqamde rom cocxali var, mikvirs.

me imdenad SeveCvie landebs,

minda, TovlSic maTi kvali Candes.

me imdenad SeveCvie sevdas,

yvela leqsi cremliT damisvelda.

22

me imdenad SeveCvie Rames,

is sinaTle, vici, gamawamebs.


aqamde rom cocxali var, mikvirs.

(`saaxalwlo elegia~. graneli 1979: 71)

mrCobledebis gameorebuli pirveli taepebi TiTqmis identuria; gansxvavebulia mxolod leqsis sakvanZo sityve-bi: sikvdils, landebs, sevdas, Rames. oqsimoronis principiT Seqmnili saTauri `saaxalwlo elegia~ sazeimosa da naRvli-ani melodebis Serwyma-Sejerebas aCvevs mkiTxvels, romelic, Sesabamisad, akvirdeba mrCobledebis meore wyvil taepebs da TviTon gamokveTs poetis saTqmels: poetis sicocxles gana-pirobebs: Tovli, leqsi da sinaTle.

sagulisxmoa SemTxveva leqsSi `***modis axali fiqrTa krebuli~: eqvsmarcvliani sityva: `winaaRmdegobas~ metru-li kanonis gamo xuTmarcvlianad aRiqmeba strofis ritmis gaTvaliswinebiT:

modis axali fiqrTa krebuli,

me ver vipovi namdvil megobars.

mivdivar nela, gaCumebuli,

da qari miwevs winaaRmdegobas.

(`***modis axali fiqrTa krebuli~.

graneli 1979: 167)

cxramarcvledi rvamarcvledTan (9:8) heterosilaburi sazomis erT-erTi iSviaTi ritmuli svlaa, romliTac ucxo melodias amkvidrebs terenti granelis `cisferi sinaTle~:

axlac uimedo wamia (2/4/3)

wuxel gafrena vinatre (5/3)

gulSi – nisliani Ramea, (2/4/3)

sulSi – cisferi sinaTle. (5/3)

(`cisferi sinaTle~. graneli 1979: 227)

myari saleqso formebidan terenti granelis 1979 wlis `rCeulSi~ Setanilia sonetebi da ramdenime trioleti. so-

23

netebis Taobaze Cemi gamokvleva adrindeli wignidan `so-neti saqarTveloSi~ (2008) amave krebulSi ibeWdeba, xolo terenti granelis trioletebze, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mxo-lod samia am myari formiT dawerili Txzuleba wignSi da samive maTgani kanonikuria: savaldebulo 8-taepedi, 5/4/5 sazomi da gariTmvis sistema: abaaabab. ̀ fantastiuri Rame~ ori trioletisagan Sedgeba. gansakuTrebiT iqcevs yuradRebas Sedgenili riTma: fantazia – fantavs azia – fiandazia. me-ore trioletSi `mwvane miraJi, Ramis rkali. saxe lamazi~ ki mkafiod ikiTxeba grigol robaqiZis mxatvrul saxeTa gavle-na da saxeldebiTi wyvilebis simravle:

panis morevSi iRvenTeba cremlTa almasi

yviTel sivrceSi cecxliT iwvis Ria zmorebi.

mwvane miraJi, Ramis rkali, saxe lamazi.

utexi tevri da spetaki niamorebi.

(`fantastiuri Rame~. II. graneli 1979: 50)

1920 wels `poeziis dReSi~ (№1) daubeWdavs terenti gra-nels trioleti `locva mTvaresTan~, romelic simbolizmi-saTvis damaxasiaTebeli TeTri feris esTetizmiTa da origi-naluri konsonansuri riTmiT (miva godebiT – me velodebiT) gamoirCeva.

SidariTma iSviaTad gvxvdeba terenti granelis leqsSi; Tumca `monologi udabnos yvavilebze~ am mxriv ufro galak-tionis `lurja cxenebis~ gavlenas emorCileba, vidre avto-ris Sinagan midrekilebas Sinagani riTmisaken:

migeloda gzebi, rogorc angelozebida umanko locvebi kviris frTebze atirda.rogorc lurji parikebs Rame fiqrebs arigebsda yornebma darekes babilonis karebTan.

(`monologi udabnos yvavildebTan~. graneli 1979: 337)

am leqsis II-VI strofebi meordeba da SidariTmac mxolod kent taepebSia; kiburi riTma akavSirebs, agreTve, I-II da III-IV taepebs.

24

terenti granelis verlibri `guli TbilisisaTvis~ 1922 wels dabeWdila. igi ufro XX s. 20-iani wlebis qarTUli po-eziis ganaxlebis suliskveTbiTa da Tavisufali leqsis weris teqnikis aTvisebis inerciiT aris STagonebuli, vidre po-etis Sinagani moTxovnilebiT. opozicia ìq~ da àq~, `maSin~ da àxla~, am verlibris struqturul sayrdens warmoadgens da paralelizmis safuZvels qmnis. originaluri da verlibri-saTvis aucilebeli emociuri muxtiT aris daRdasmuli teq-stis finaluri xuTi taepi:

Cemi guli, romelic Camovarda wuxel,

dRes qalebma ipoves baRSi.

me axla aRara var.

Cemi guli gadaeciT Tbiliss

Tu aRmoCnda sadme.

(`guli TbilisisaTvis~.

graneli 1979: 283-284)

amave, 1922 wels aris dawerili terenti granelis meo-re verlibri `me da gafiTreba~. sintaqsuri paralelizmis, rogorc poetikuri figuris mniSvneloba am Tavisufal leqs-Si, mniSvnelovania. igi aris kompoziciuri sayrdeni poetis saTqmelisaTvis:

xatebis win xelapyrobili vdgavarT

me da gafiTreba

sadRac Sors bneli TvalebiT vamCnev:

TeTr udabnoSi sanTeliviT rom krTis

Cemi mwuxare dis cisferi landi.

(`me da gafiTreba~.

graneli 1979: 198-199)

verlibris bolos gameorebuli es monakveTi gvarwmu-nebs, rom poetis mier dawyvilebuli: `gafiTreba~ da `cis-feri landi~ unda iyos poetis romantikuli sulis Ziebisa da sevdis Sedegi:

25

ar vici:

SeiZleba Cemi mwuxarebis mizezi

uxilavi baRebis silurje iyos...

– gvexmareba poeti sakuTari Semoqmedebis arsis garkvevaSi.naTelia, rom terenti granelis leqsis mkvlevarTaTvis

bevri ram jer kidev amouxsneli, Sesaswavli da gasaanalize-belia. Seucnobeli, uzarmazari, boroti imperiisa da urw-muno samyaros pirispir darCenili meocnebe sulis konfliq-ti farulic iyoAMA aSkarac: sulieri samyaros gamorCeuloba terenti granelis fizikur sxeuls abeCavebda da arRvevda, yvelasgan devnilsa da gasakicxs xdida (gavixsenoT Salva dadianis mkacri SeniSvna da poetis pasuxi!). poetma wminda abos msgavsad, ixila sakuTari cxedris gasvenebis procesi da uWirisufla micvalebuls – terenti granels:

wuxel sizmarSi mimiZRoda Cemi cxedari,

da mivdiodi, mivkiodi saSiS qariSxals.

zari rekavda: samaradod iyav netari!

wuxel anazdad ukuneTma Tavi aiSva.

.......................

wuxel sizmarSi mimiZRoda Cemi cxedari.

(`wuxel sizmarSi mimiZRoda Cemi cxedari~.

graneli 1979: 98)

`CemTvis qveyana abos gulia~, – acxadebda poeti da wmin-daniviT, WeSmaritebas rom gauxsna Tavisi guli, risTvisac Tavic gawira, wamebisaTvis gamzadebulma terenti granelma aRiara:

anda vin mova, ara myavs kaci,

me Tu damixsnis – mxolod ufali.

(`***axla sadRac Sors qrian qarebi~.

graneli 1979: 314)

terenti granelis leqsis Taviseburi, gamorCeuli for-ma: katrenebi, orstrofiani, samstrofiani kompoziciebi, sarkiseburi asaxviTa da sintaqsuri paralelizmiT, gameore-

26

buli frazebiTa da konstruqciebiT, gvafiqrebinebs, rom po-eti qmnida asketis, gandegilis locvebs: es iyo misi Tavisuf-leba, mopovebuli ufalTan dialogisas. terenti granelis leqsis mkiTxvels simSvide da bunebaSi arsebuli, ecvleli WeSmariteba unda egrZno. samyaros ucvleli kanonzomiereba: amqveyniuri moZraobis amaoeba da ganaxlebisaTvis mudmivi mzaoba ki genialuri ubraloebiT dakonkretda `gazafxulis saRamoSi~:

gazafxulis saRamoa mSvidi

xidan xeze gadafrinda Citi.

damowmebani:

alimonaki 1979: alimonaki l. terenti graneli. rCeuli. Tbilisi: `sab-

WoTa saqarTvelo~, 1979.

gelovani 2008: mirza gelovanis cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis wigniL

ìvrispireli mzeWabuki~. Tbilisi: àbuli-7~, 2008.

graneli 1979: graneli t. rCeuli. Tbilisi: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~,

1979.

xanzen-liove 1999: Ханзен-Лёве А. Русский Символизм. Санкт-Петербург: “Академический проект”, 2009.

xinTibiZe 2009: xinTibiZe a. qarTuli leqsis istoria da Teoria.

Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba, 2009.

terenti granelis saleqso formebi (versifikaciuli cnobari) 1979 w. `rCeulis~ mixedviT

cxrili № 1

№ saTauri

gamo

cem

is

gver

di

saz

omi

gar

iTmv

is

sist

ema

str

of

ika

Seni

Svna

1 ∴Cemi dumili grZeldeba dRemde

21 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

2 Rame, mTvare da qari

22 5/2 abab katreni

meordeba I-V strofebi

3 ∴dgas angelozi axlo Cem sulTan

13 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

4 ∴guli dardisgan daiTenTeba

24 5/5 abab

katreni meordeba I-VI strofebi

5 kviris SuadRe 25 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-V strofebi

6 mama 26 5/5 abab

katreni

orstrofiani (meordeba ortaepedi)

7 sicocxle 26 5/5 abab

katreni

meordeba ortaepedi

8 dabruneba cxovrebasTan

27 5/5 abab katreni


9 ∴xan werilia, xan daRameba

28 5/5 abab katreni

meordeba I-IV strofebi

10 saavadmyofodan gamosvlis Semdeg

29 5/5 abab (asonansi)

katreni


11 ∴ar migrZvnia Cemi dedis ZuZu

29 4/4/2 abab katreni meordeba I-V

12 ∴Citi afrinda sadRac maRlobTan

30 5/5 abab

katreni paralelizmi

13 ∴me Senze fiqri maSin mRalavda

31 5/5 abab katreni

14 Tbiliss 32 5/5 abab katreni


15 ∴qari miwynarda, — es ris gamoa

31 5/5 abab katreni

16 matareblidan 33 5/5 aa

ortaepedi

17 ∴zRvis da cis Soris aris msgavseba

34 5/5 abab meordeba leqsSi bb – mziani adamiani

katreni


18 ∴nela mival, siCumea irgvliv

35 4/4/2 abab katreni


19 cixis ეlegia 36 5/5 abab katreni


27

20 walenjixa 37 5/5 abab

katreni


21 ∴mosCans baRSi yvavilebi cota

38 4/4/2 abab

katreni

orstrofiani

22 Sens gaqcevas 39 3/3/3/4, 4/3, 5/4/5, 5/4. 5/4/5, 2/4/3, 5/4/5, 5/5/, 5/4/5/ 5/5/, 5/4/5, 5/5

abab katreni

heterosilaburi narevi

23 iras 39 4/4/2 abab

katreni


24 ∴zRvas daemuqra 40 1/4, 3/2 abab katreni

25 mimarTva xisadmi 41 5/5 abab katreni 26 ∴gadarCeba? —

eqimebs ekiTxeba zozia

41 43/43, 43/25

abab katreni meordeba I-V strofebi

27 ∴kmara siCume, qariSxals veli

42 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani

28 poeti patimari 43 5/5 abab konsonansi: ocdaSvidia — simSvidea

katreni

29 ∴miyvarda erTi, davtove igic

44 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani

30 ∴TeTri dRe ari 45 3/2, 2/3, 1/4


31 ∴var aseTi, var yovelTvis kenti

46 4/4/2 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

32 ∴gaqreba isev sizmari

46 5/5 abab katreni

33 ∴axla Ramea-sisxlis gaSroba

47 5/5; 5/3 abab katreni

34 Ramis mousvenroba 47 5/3/3, 5/2 4; 33/33

abab katreni

35 ∴isev maRal cas veTayvanebi

48 5/5 abab SeTavsebuli

katreni meordeba I-V strofebi

36 ∴Tbilisi — wminda 49 3/2, 5, 24/3

abab katreni erTstrofiani

37 fantastiuri Rame I. uZilo Rame, yru fiqrebi da fantazia II. mwvane miraJi, saxe lamazi

49 49 50

5/4/5 da 42 5/4/5

abaaabab abaaabab

triole-ti triole-ti

heterosilaburi

38 ∴es maRali Cinari 50 4/3; 3/4; 2/4

abab katreni

28

39 uimedo dabruneba 51 5/5 abab katreni 40 ∴kvipaross arxevs

qari ferdobTan 51 5/5 abab katreni meordeba

I-V araidenturad

41 ∴cisferia fiqri wminda

52 4/4 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia meordeba bolo ortaepedebi

42 siSoreze 52 5/5 abab katreni meordeba II da XX taepebi

43 dabruneba sofelSi (axla iqneb Worebic momedeba talaxad)

53 43/43 abab katreni

44 gazafxulis saRamo 54 4/4/2 aa ortaepe-di

meordeba I-V ortaepedebi

45 mTvare da avadmyofi


46 ∴me TiTqos iqa var 55 3/3 aaaa tavtologiuri riTma `var~

katreni I-II strofebi Sebrunebulia

47 ∴sad malavs buneba 56 3/3; 3/2; 2/4; 1/4 (6:5) 3/3; 2/3; 2/4; 2/4

abab

katreni


48 ∴am fiqris garda karia axlo

57 5/5 abab katreni orstofiani kompozicia

49 ∴es saavadmyofo kubos magonebs

57 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-V strofebi

50 ∴fiqri movida 58 2/3; 1/4; 1/4, 3/2; 5

abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

51 ∴beds gavurbodi 59 1/4; 2/3 abab katreni

52 qalis agonia 59 5/5 roialTan (+1) (2)

abab asonansi

katreni meordeba I-VII strofebi

53 ∴ukve gaTavda guguni qaris

60 5/5 roials (3)


54 baraTi cisken 61 3/4 abab katreni 55 ∴ase gaTavda Cemi

cxovreba 62 5/5 abab katreni

56 ∴aravin modis da vatyob

62 5/5 (saavadmyofo)

abab katreni orstofiani kompozicia

57 ∴sufevs es dRe 63 4/4/2 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

58 isev debs 63 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

29

59 ∴guls sevda Crdilavs


60 maradisobis laJvardebi


61 ∴tkivilia da gansacdeli

65 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia meordeba I-V bolo ori taepi

62 ∴me vnaxe eklis saflavi wynari

66 3/2 abab katreni sarkiseburi orstrofiani kompozicia

63 qali matarebelSi 66 5/5 abab katreni 64 ∴dResac vigoneb

Zvirfas beTxovens 67 5/35 abab katreni erTstrofiani

65 qarTvel axalgazrdobas

68 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV; I-II ortaepedebi

66 ∴micqeri, guli dardiT amivse

68 5/5 abab katreni erTstrofiani

67 ∴Tu xar wvimisTvis 69 2/3; 1/4; 5

abab katreni meordeba I-IV

68 Semodgoma 69 4/4/2 abab katreni meordeba II-V

69 Cemo zozia, waval male

70 5/5 abab katreni orstofiani, meordeba taepebi

70 saaxalwlo elegia 71 4/4/2 aa ortaepedi

meordeba I-V ortaepedebi anaforuli kompozicia

71 gamgzavreba Tbilisidan

71 5/5 abab

katreni

72 ∴suls martooba unda

72 5/2 abab katreni meordeba I-V

73 ∴mival, Cems win gza ari

73 5/2; 4/3 abab katreni orstrofiani meordeba mcire cvlilebiT bolo ortaepebi

74 Rame oTaxSi 73 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-VI

75 ∴damwva sakuTarma alma

74 5/2 abab katreni meordeba ortaepedebi

76 galaktioni 75 5; 3/2 abab katreni sarkiseburi, orstrofiani kompozicia

77 ∴ver giRalate Sen, Cemo Tavi


78 gulidan sisxlis wveTebi

76 liriku-li proza

àra sicocx-le, ara sikvdili aramed raRac sxva~

`me ar mindoda sicocxle, arc sikvdili, me raRac sxva msurda~

30

79 ∴TeTri dReebi marad ivlian

78 5/5

abab katreni sarkiseburi, orstrofiani kompozicia

80 borjomi 78 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV-is, III da I taepebi

81 ∴mivyvebi gayinul riyes

79 3/3/2 aa ortaepeddi


82 vedreba 79 24/24 aa ortaepedi

83 Salva dadians 80 5/5 aaaa katreni ertstrofiani84 sarke 80 lirikul

i proza (`...es aris cisferi zecis yvavili mimoza~)

85 micvalebulis dRiuridan (Tema sikvdilis Semdeg)

81 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-VIII strofebi

86 Semodgoma. mama samsons

82 5/2

abab katreni sarkiseburi kompozicia meordeba I-II da VII-VIII taepebi

87 suraxana 82 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

88 oTaxSi vzivar 83 5/4/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

89 axla es grZnoba ufro nelia

83 5/5 abab katreni meordeba samive strofis bolo ortaepedebi

90 ∴mivdivar, gzaze adis almuri

84 5/5 abab katreni

91 ∴me viyavi, es ar vici — rodis

84 4/4/2

abab katreni meordeba bolo ortaepedebi

92 es dRe 85 5/5


93 ∴varsebob, minda... 85 3/2 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia, sarkiseburi

94 ∴xom maRelvebs me ase


95 ∴es gagiJeba ucnauris

86 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia meordeba samtaepedebi

96 ∴es fiqrebi qrian 87 4/2 abab katreni meordeba I-IV

97 ∴es dRe Sors wava 88 5/5 abab katreni

98 zarebi 88 5/5 abab katreni erTstrofiani99 eqskursia cisken 89 5/5

abab katreni meordeba

I-IV strofebi 100 ∴sikvdils vin acda 89 3/2; 2/3

abab katreni meordeba

I-IV strofebi

31

(roia-lis) 3)

101 Tovli 90 5/2 abab katreni meordeba I-V strofebi

102 gazafxuli 91 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

103 rkalidan: kviris wirvebi

92 5/4/5 abab konsonansi: sineste-manifes-ti minda-Seminde

katreni

104 sicocxle 93 4/3 abab katreni meordeba I-III strofebi

105 baqo 93 5/2 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

106 ∴RmerTo! sicocxlis Suqi maRirse

94 5/5 abab asonansi

katreni

107 samSoblos 95 4/4/2 abab katreni meordeba yoveli strofis bolo ortaepedi

108 misalmeba zamTrisadmi

95 2/3; 3/2' 2/3; 5/5; 3/2; 5

abab katreni meordeba I-V strofebis bolo ortaepedebi

109 wvimiani dRe

96 2/3; 2/4 3/2; 3 3

abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

110 ∴axla Ramea, Tendeba isev


111 ∴wuxel sizmarSi mimiZRoda Cemi cxedari

98 5/4/5 abab katreni erTstrofiani meordeba I taepi calke striqonad

112 ucnobi landi 98 5/5 abab katreni 113 ∴es qariSxali da es

wameba 99 5/5 abab

konsonansi wameba-amaRam

katreni meordeba I-IV strofebis ostaepedebi

114 ∴TandaTan midis es dro

99 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani meordeba bolo ortaepedebi

115 ∴TeTri fiqrebi sadRac midian


116 sicocxlis gradacia

100 443/44 2


117 ∴me mivaRwie Soreul mizans

101 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozocia

118 ∴dgas Rameebis Savi wertili

102 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-III strofebi

119 gitara 102 2/3, 5, 1/4, 2/3

abab katreni

32

120 ∴me xom ase var... 103 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

121 galaktions 103 25/34 43/34


122 fiqrebi waRverSi 104 5/5 abab asonansi (tirili-tkivi-lebs)

katreni

123 ∴mas Sეmdeg mterma sisxli dalia

104 5/5 abab katreni meordeba strofebis ortaepedebi

124 gamoRviZeba gardacvalebis Semdeg


125 soneti (obobas qselSi Cavaqsove farTo zmaneba)

105 5/4/5 abab abab ede deee

soneti: 1919

126 ∴gulSi dardia da sulSi wvima


127 ∴siCume da simartove

106 4/4 abab knsn. Tavania-savanes

katreni

128 qveyana 108 5/5 abab (asonansi: dumili-abreSumiviT mizidavs-miwidan

katreni

129 matareblidan quTaisi

108 4/4/2 abab katreni meordeba I-V strofebi

130 ∴wami mravali 109 2/3; 3/2 abab katreni orstriqoni-ani kompozi-cia, sarkise-buri orta-epedebi

131 sofeli mogonebaSi 110 5/5 abab katreni meordeba IV-XVI taepebi

132 Tbilisis gareT 110 5/3; 3/5 abab asonansi

katreni

133 baraTi 111 5/5 abab asonansi yovelTvis moveli

katreni orstofiani, anaforuli kompozicia

134 ∴veli, es fiqri sxvasTan ar miva


katreni meordeba I-III strofebi

135 ∴Rrubeli aris, zecas rom seravs


katreni orstrofiani meore katreni meordeba TiTqmis

136 ∴es gancda isev sazRvars gascilda


137 mTvare fanjarasTan

113 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani, sarkiseburi,

33

meordeba sityvebi

138 ∴vfiqrob da fiqrSi SuadRe gaxda

114 5/5 aa ortaepedi

meordeba I-IV ortaepedebi

139 ∴axla Cems irgvliv meti xalxia


katreni

140 maradisobis laJvardbi

115 4/4/2 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

141 ∴Cven Soris isev gaixsna xidi

115 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia, meordeba katrenebis bolo ortaepedebi

142 isev siSoreze 116 4/4/4 24/24

abab katreni meordeba I-XVI taepebi

143 ∴ar vxedav Rrubels


144 ∴mivdivar, sadRac miveCqarebi


145 ∴ar maxsovs, guSin ra gamixarda


146 bneli bina 118 5/5 abab katreni orstofiani 147 ∴vdgavar

maRlobTan, rogorc guSagi

119 5/5 abab katreni meordeba umniSvnelo cvlilebebiT I-IV strofebi

148 ∴movida Rame — glovis niSani


149 ricxvi 120 2/3; 1/4 abab katreni meordeba I-V taepebi

150 Tovli 121 5/2 abab katreni 151 ∴ucnob saflavTan

vdgevar 121 5/2 abab katreni meordeba

IV-VIII-XII taepebi

152 locva gafrenisaTvis


153 ∴vxedav amgvar cas 123 5/5 abab katreni

154 wvima 123 miniatura

155 ∴guli qarisken 124 3/2; 2/3; 1/4; 5

abab katreni meordeba I-VII strofebi

156 ∴fiqri, yovel wams fiqri


157 ∴midis es xana 125 3/2 abab katreni orstrofiani, sarkiseburi kompozicia

158 baRSi qaria isev 126 5/2 abab katreni 159 Tovli 127 5/2 abab katreni 160 zamTris

moaxloveba 127 5/5 abab

asonansi katreni

161 ∴baRSi elvarebs es dRe mziani


162 ∴eg striqoni daiwyeba ase


34

163 lenoras 129 4/3; 3/4; 2/5


164 ∴amodis mTvare da maRla iwevs


165 ∴es mTebi isev dganan mefurad


166 ∴var sxvebTan ase 131 3/2; 2/3; 1/4; 5

abab katreni

167 ∴Rame TandaTan Suqs iparavda


168 ∴isev dadgeba surneli nislis

133 5/5 abab katreni meordeba strofebis bolo taepi

169 ∴viwyeb leqsis weras

133 4/2; 3/3 abab katreni meordeba I da bolo strofebis ortaepedebi

170 ∴wuxs roiali baRis maxloblad

134 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-VI strofebi

171 ∴baRia am silurjeSi

136 3/5; 5/3 abab katreni orstofiani kompozicia

172 angelozi 136 2/3; 1/4 abab katreni meordeba II strofi sarkiseburad imeorebs I-s

173 mama (...da mamaCemi fridrix nicSea)

137 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia, meordeba ortaepedebi

174 ∴me amden wamebas viTmen

137 3/3/2; 3/2/3; 2/4/3; 2/3/3


175 umizno xetiali 138 5/5 abab konsonansi auzi-sasaflaoze

katreni

176 ∴poeti aris yovelTvis erTi


177 ∴galaktioni xom mdidaria

140 5; 1/4; 2/3

abab katreni mcire cvlilebiT meordeba samive strofis I-II taepebi

178 ∴midis wameba Cemi 141 5/2 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

179 ganSorebis Semdeg 142 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-VI strofebi

180 ∴Cemi fiqrebi mxolod Sen mogdevs


181 ∴mivdivar marto 143 3/2; 2/4; 4/2

abab konsonan-si

katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

35

182 mimarTva disadmi 143 4/4/ 2 abab katreni 183 ∴vucdi sxva aminds 144 2/3;

1/4; 3/2 abab katreni

184 locva mTvaresTan 145 5/45 abaaabab trioleti

185 ∴SenTan daRalul Tvalebs movitan

146 5/5 abab konsonansi


186 ∴irgvliv sivrcea mzian dReebis


187 ∴kiTxva aseTi: yofnis raoba


188 ∴foTlebi gaCndnen: gazafxulia

147 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-V ortaepedebi

189 simartove 148 5/2 abab katreni 190 poeti g.t. 148 3/2; 5 abab katreni orstrofiani,

sarkiseburi kompozicia

191 Soreuli yvavilebi 149 4/3 abab konsonansi atirda-qariviT

katreni

192 dRes 150 2/3; 1/4 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

193 ∴frinveliviT vzivar Ramis ubeSi

150 4/4/3 aa ortaepedi


194 ∴mova saRamo, rogorc wameba


katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

195 dRea wvalebis 152 3/2; 2/3; 1/4

abab katreni meordeba strofebis ortaepedebi

196 ∴ra vqna, varsebob 152 5/5

abab katreni

197 soneti 153 5/4/5 abba abba cdc dee

ori katreni, ori terceti

anJambemani tercetebs Soris soneti, 1919 w.

198 ∴wvimda, wvimda, ar wvims


200 ∴vamCnev, usazRvro sivrcea sulSi

155 5/5 axax abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia; meordeba bolo ostaepedebi

201 dabruneba 155 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-V strofebi

202 ∴datanjulia marTla poeti

156 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia meordeba ortaepedebi

203 soflidan Tbilisi 157 5/5 abab katreni

204 ∴isev davRondi, ar vici raTa



36

205 ∴guli isea, guli asea

158 5/5 abab katreni meordeba V da XII taepi

206 ∴me mivdiodi, qali mReroda

5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

207 ∴guli mtkiva da ocnebas mivsdev


208 MARGUERITE 160 5/5 abab katreni 209 ∴mgoni, garSemo

mtrebi dadian 160 5/5 abab katreni meordeba

I-IV strofebi

210 idumali qali lenora


katreni meordeba yoveli strofis ortaepedebi

211 wminda kvira 162 3/2 abab katreni orstrofiani, sarkiseburi kompozicia

212 ∴kvlav vsdumvar axla

162 3/2 abab katreni meordeba I-VI katrenebi

213 ∴vdgavar qveynis win


meordeba I-VI ortaepedebi

214 Rame vakeSi 164 5/5 abab konsonansi: dav,ale-mamali

katreni

215 ∴cocxali davrCi 165 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia imeorebs strofebis I-II ortaepedebs

216 ∴vigoneb sofels da ganvlil wamebs

165 5/5 abab katreni meordeba yoveli strofis pirveli taepi da mciredi cvlilebiT — bolo taepebi

217 ∴Ramea, crian wvimis wveTebi

166 5/5 aa orta-epedi

meordeba I-IV ortaepedebi

218 ∴Senc qariSxals danebdi

166 4/3; 5/2; 5/2

abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia, mxolod I taepia gansxvavebuli sqemiT

219 ∴modis axali fiqrTa krebuli

167 5/5 (winaaRmdegobas 6=5)

abab katreni

220 faruli vedreba 167 33/33; 33/24; 24/24

abab asonansi `ferva-li~. alitera-cia: `wirve-

katreni

37

biT wamo-iRebs wamebis mwver-vali~

221 ∴aseTi wyroma da cixis are

168 3/2; 5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

222 xalxi 169 3/2 abab katreni orstofiani, sarkiseburi kompozicia

223 sikvdilis Semdeg 169 lirikuli proza

naxsenebia "Memento mori!"

224 ∴ra mwuxarea es poezia

172 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV katrenebi

225 sizmari 173 5/5 abab katreni 226 ∴is kvdeba, magram 173 3/2;

2/3; 1/4


227 ∴Sensken mohqrian Cemi gzebi


228 ganSorebis lodebi 174 4/3; 4/4

abab katreni mesame taepis marcvalT metoba

229 ∴lenora — wminda 175 3/2 abab katreni meordeba I-VII strofebi

230 ∴sadRc, Sors, naprals ewvia

176 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi da yoveli strofis bolo ortaepedebi

231 ∴es Rrubliani dRe farulia


232 jeki 178 5/5 abab katreni 233 ∴qarSi dakargva

isev mwyuria 179 5/5 aa ortaepe

di meordeba I-VII ortaepedebi

234 ∴rva ivnisia, cxela 5/5 abab katreni

235 ∴dadga amindi cudi


236 ∴me ra vqna, sikvdils Tu ver avcdebi


237 ∴axlac vigoneb megobris saflavs


238 mTvare, me da matarebeli

183 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-II strofebis bolo ortaepedebi orstrofiani kompozicia

239 Rame TvalebSi 183 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

240 ∴Ramea, vebrZvi saSinel wamebs


241 guli 184 3/2 abab katreni orstrofiani, sarkiseburi

38

kompozicia 242 firosmaniSvils 185 5/4/5 abba abba

ccd cee soneti kanonikuri

243 ∴vano sarajiSvils 186 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-V strofebi

244 ∴Sen cas Cabardi 186 5/5 abab (simSvidisaTvis-Svidi saaTi)

katreni

245 ∴axla vici, sad xar 187 4/2; 3/3 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

246 ∴Ramea, qari, Cemi ocneba

187 5/5 aa ortaepedebi

247 qalaqidan sofeli 188 5/5 abab katreni 248 ∴ocneba ise maRla

wavida 189 5/5 abab katreni

249 cremli SuaRamis 190 24/24 (42/42) 33/24


250 ∴dRe mziania da ulmobeli


251 cisferi baRi 191 4/4/2 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

252 oTaxi 192 2/3 abab katreni orstrofiani, sarkiseburi kompozicia

253 ∴ra vqna, me sustma da ase mwirma

192 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani, sarkiseburi kompozicia

254 ∴mival, sxva dRea, guls amovitan

193 5/5 abab katreni orstrofani kompozicia

255 Cemi bedi 193 5/5 abab katreni 256 ∴axla es baRi

ufro wynaria 194 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani

kompozicia

257 awewili bedi 194 5/2; 3/4 abab katreni 258 ∴damagvianda,

morCa, ar moval 195 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani

kompozicia

259 ∴garSemo zamTris TeTri area


260 ∴vici, qariSxals ver davewevi


261 ∴es xalxi wava 196 3/2 (2/3)


262 sadRac da viRac 197 5/5 abab katreni 263 mitovebuli baRi 198 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani

kompozicia, arasruli gameoreba

264 me da gafiTreba 198 verlibri

nawilob-riv meor-deba I-V da bolo xuTi taepi

katreni

265 ∴es fiqri Zveli 199 3/2 (2/3)


39


266 ∴ufroa grZnoba, ufro anTeba

200 5/5 abab katreni nawilobriv meordeba I-III strofebi

267 ∴dgas sasaflao da es ferdobi


268 Tbilisi maRlidan 201 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-VI strofebi

269 suraTis win 202 5/5 aa ortaepedi


270 ∴maRalo cao, isev Sen gimzer

203 5/5 : 33/24; 33/33


271 ∴siCumea da qariSxals vucdi

203 442 abab katreni

272 sasaflaodan 204 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

273 ∴me cas mivmarTav 2095 2/3 (3/2) 5 (3.2)

abab katreni asonansi

274 ∴Rame gaTavda 205 2/3 abab katreni nawilobriv meordeba I-III strofebi

275 dRe 206 5/5 abab katreni konsonansi (raRacnairi — haeri)

276 ∴paolos 206 5/5 : 5/2

abab katreni meordeba I-III-V strofebis bolo ortaepedebi

277 me da galaktioni 207 5/5 abab katreni 278 ∴gavida kvira 208 3/2; 5

2/3 abab katreni meordeba

I-V strofebi 279 kojori 209 5/5 abab katreni 280 ∴isev movSordi me

aurzaurs 210 5/5 abab katreni

281 ∴bnelia sivrce 210 3/2 (2/3)


282 mkvdari survilebi 211 24/24; 33/24; 444 33/33 33/24; 42/24 33/33; 444 24/33 24;24; 4/2/6

abab katreni rotmuli variaciebi 12-marc-vliani sazomisa

283 qali 212 5/2 abab katreni meordeba orive strofis bolo ortaepedebi; orstrofiani kompozicia

40

284 ∴debisgan isev miviRe cnoba


285 ∴Tovlia, irgvliv TeTri feria



286 ∴Tan mzea, Tanac dRe midis ise

214 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-V katrenebi

287 Semodgomis pastorali

215 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I da IX strofebis bolo taepebi

288 ∴grigals miaqvs xelebi

216 4/3 abab katreni meordeba I-IV katrenebi

289 ∴midis daRlili xalxi


290 ∴isev movedi, grilia


291 ∴vxedav bedis mwvervals

218 4/2 : 3/3 1/4

abab katreni meordeba I-IV katrenebi

292 ∴idga Rame gviani 219 4/3 : 2/5


293 Soreuli sinaTle 220 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebis bolo ortaepedebi

294 ∴mihqroda wami mZime godebis

221 5/5 abab katreni erTstrofiani kompozicia

295 qarisTvis 221 4/3 : 5/2


296 ∴isev sdums miwa... 221 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

297 ∴mwuxare Suqi Cndeba

222 5/2: 5/3

abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebis bolo ortaepedebi

298 ∴mwuxare ca 223 2/3: 1/4 5 : 2/3


299 ∴mivdivar, mimaqvs me...


300 gazafxuli 224 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

301 ∴isev sduman velebi


302 cixidan 225 3/2; 5 1/4; 2/3

abab katreni

303 cisferi sinaTle 226 2/4/3; 2/3/3; 3/3/3 2/4/3 3/2/3; 5/3

abab katreni asonansi; konsonansi

304 ∴fiqridan vxedav Soreul mizans

227 5/5 abab katreni xalxuri leqsis da-boloeba:

41

`... TiTqos gamaRviZesa~

305 ∴ara var, minda gamococxleba


306 ∴sufevs es dRe... 228 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

307 ∴amden wamebis da glovis Semdeg

229 5/5 abab katreni meordeba yoveli strofis bolo ortaepedebi (nawilobriv)

308 ∴Tvalebi isev enTeba

229 5/3: 3/3/2; 3/3/2: 2/4/2; 5/3

abab katreni asonansi (viTvlebi-yviTeli) konsonansi (moedans-moitans)

309 daTovlili sanTeli

230 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-V strofebis bolo ortaepedebi

310 ∴TiTqos var, TiTqos...

231 5/3 (3/5)

abab katreni meordeba I-III strofebis bolo taepebi meordeba taepi yovel strofSi (àlbaT viRaca dameZebs~)

311 ∴CemTvis cecxlia aseTi fiqri


312 buneba 232 5, 2/3 1/4

abab katreni orstrofiani sarkiseburi kompozicia

313 zamTari 232 5/5 abab katreni 314 ∴dadga sezoni

yvavilis 233 5/5 abab katreni

315 ∴ukve gayviTlda soflis tye-veli


316 qarebi 234 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia, meordeba bolo ortaepedebi

317 ∴es fiqri leqsze ufro metia


318 mogoneba qarSi 235 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-III da bolo strofebis erTi taepi: ìmas ar veli, is aRar mova~.

319 ∴idumalia is gza mesame


320 aRsareba quTaiss 236 5/5 abab katreni

42

321 ∴me isev vwevar, gareT qaria


322 ∴axla ar vdardob da viRimebi


323 ∴SenTvis mze Caqra...


324 ∴Ramea, mivsdev sakuTar iRbals


325 ∴suls laJvardovan cisken vagzavni


326 ∴me mitacebda odesRac es xma

240 5/5, 5 abab katreni meordeba yoveli strofis II-IV taepebi (5/5)

327 ∴qars gadaurCa 241 1/4, 2/3 abab katreni meordeba I-VI strofebi

328 Sens molodinSi 242 5/5 abab konsonansi asonansi

katreni

329 ∴Zvirfaso, mxolod me davrCi wminda


330 ∴yofna me ar viwame 244 4/2; 2/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

331 ∴es grZnoba ufro agizgizdeba


332 SeSlili cremlebi 245 4/3; 2/5 abab katreni 333 ∴es dRe gahqra... 245 4/4/2 abab katreni erTstrofiani

334 baraTi 246 lirikuli proza

4 abzaci (`foTlebis Tve~)

335 ∴da es vici 246 43/43; 43/25 34/43 43/25

aa ortaepedi

meordeba I-V oretaepedebi

336 saflavi 247 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

337 ∴zeca mwyuria da miwa mSia

247 5/5; 5/2


338 ∴var ase maRla 248 3/2 (2/3) 1/4

abab katreni

339 ∴uxmo saaTma feri moTova



340 ∴isev gaTenda... 249 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani, sarkiseburi kompozicia

341 ∴ara myavs toli 249 3/2;5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-III strofebi

342 ∴isev saRamo...250 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

343 ∴mova saRamos bindi


43

344 ∴Seval oTaxSi... 251 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-V strofebi da yoveli strofis bolo ortaepedebi

345 ∴me es Secdoma isev mawvalebs


346 ∴es fiqri wava ocnebis iqiT

253 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-III strofebis bolo ortaepedebi

347 sizmari 254 5/5 abab katreni meordeba yoveli strofis bolo taepebi

348 ∴vfiqrob sikvdilze da raRac sxvaze


349 ∴Cemi saxeli 255 2/3 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia, sakriseburi gameoreba

350 ∴uzomod mTvrali 255 3/2 abab katreni pirveli strofi meordeba sxvadasxva variaciiT 4 strofSi

351 uZilo Rameebidan 256 11:10; 33/33 5/2; 4 24/ 24; 5/6; 4/4/4 33/ 33 33/24 24/24

abab katreni

352 mosamsaxure 257 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

353 mTvare foTlebidan


354 yvavi xlovanTa sasaxlis baRSi


355 ∴vwevar da vfiqrob 259 5/5 abab katreni nawilobriv meordeba I-IV strofebi

356 ∴ar mgoni, CemSi cecxli rom daqres

259 5/5 abab katreni nawilobriv meordeba I-IV strofebi

357 ∴mivsdev qariSxals 260 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia meordeba identurad, mxolod II taepebia gansxvavebuli

358 Tovliani samare 261 5/5 abab katreni

44

359 qalaqis baRi. valerian gafrindaSvils


360 iras 262 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

361 Citi 263 3/2 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia meordeba taepebi

362 misteria 263 3/4; 5/2; 4/3; 2/5


363 vedreba. did RmerTs

264 3/2 abab katreni sarkiseburi meordeba I-III strofebi

364 ∴Sen micqer mtrobiT

265 3/2 (2/3) 1/4


365 ∴me es ocneba yovelTvis msdevda


366 mogonebis qseli 266 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

367 ∴me isev cisfer samyaros veZeb


368 ∴oqtomberia da modis nisli


369 narCev adgilas 268 5/5 abab katreni 370 ,ogzauroba

Tbilisisaken 268 5/5 abab katreni

371 ∴dRe nela midis 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

372 ∴nela qrebian sulis landebi


373 poezia 270 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

374 ocneba 271 2/3 abab katreni orstrofiani, sarkiseburi kompozicia

375 ∴qaris sufeva 272 2/3; 1/4, 5

abab katreni

376 ∴ca iRrubleba, modis avdari


377 ∴es ocneba sarkesaviT elavs

273 4/4/2 abab katreni sarkisburi kompozicia meordeba I-IV strofebi

378 ∴isev win midis poetis mkerdi

274 5/5 abab katreni nawilobriv meordeba I-III strofebi

379 soneti (∴Cems wyeul saxels SeaCvenebs avi landebi)

274 5/5 abba abba ccd eed

katreni terceti

soneti

380 ∴dao, ar vici, risTvis mebrZvian


381 ∴vigoneb alerss da dReebs ganvlils


45

382 ∴axlav maxsovs zozia


383 ∴irgvlis eyara vardis kokrebi


384 adgili 278 2/3;5 abab katreni orstrofiani, sarkiseburi kompozicia

385 Semodgoma mindvrebSi

278 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-V strofebis bolo ortaepedebi

386 ∴fiqri daeSva maRlidan dabla


387 mTawminda. tician tabiZes


388 Zvirfas debs. maSos da zozias


389 ∴ha, saRamoa, Suqi inTeba

281 5/5 abab katreni nawilobriv meordeba I-III strofebis bolo ortaepedebi

390 ∴me sad geZio: TovlSi...

282 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani nawilobriv sarkiseburi kompozicia (meordeba ortaepedebi)

391 ∴axla saRamo xom cisferia


392 guli TbilisisaTvis

283 verlibri

abab katreni

393 sevda. lenoras 284 3/2 abab katreni orstrofiani, sarkiseburi kompozicia

394 mTawmindidan 284 5/5 abab katreni 395 siCume da sibnele 285 5/5 abab katreni 396 ∴marto var, ar

meZaxian 286 5/3

(3/5) abab katreni orstrofiani

kompozicia

397 mogoneba Soreulze 286 5/2 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

398 megobars 287 5/5 abab katreni 399 ∴mihqonda bedi

sevdian wamebs 288 5/5,3 abab katreni meordeba

I-IV strofebi

400 dila mTaze 288 5/5 abab katreni meordeba sarkiseburad I-IV strofebi

401 ∴SemeZlo metis micema


402 ∴dRes guSindeli fiqri davSale


403 cxovreba 290 5, 2/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

404 ∴msurs miviZino axla cota xniT


405 ∴nela mivdivar, guli mkvdaria


46

406 ∴mivyvebi marto amnair iRbals


407 saidumlo misalmeba Wleqian samreklos

293 5/4/5 abba abba cdc ede

soneti 1921 w.

408 ∴ase TeTria es Cemi fiqri


409 ∴es qari viRac daRupuls eZebs


410 ∴dRe mdumarea, me Sen mogeli


411 ∴elavs zeca da Rrublebi Savi


412 ∴dgas Zveleburad 296 1/4; 3/2 abab katreni sarkiseburad meordeba I-III strofebi

413 ∴isev sdabnelda, modis dRe swored


414 ∴isev miwa da mdumare sivrce


415 ∴vgrZondi anTebas 298 2/3;5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

416 ∴aravin aris, guli daoblda


417 ∴Cems win auzis mRvri wyalia


418 ∴albaT mova dro 300 5/5 abab katreni

419 matareblidan 301 5/5 abab katreni 420 Cems debs, maSos da

zozias 302 5/5 abab katreni meordeba

I-IV strofebi 421 Rame glexTa

sasaxleSi 303 5/5 abab katreni

422 soneti 303 5/5 abba abba ccd eed

katreni terceti

1919 soneti

423 ∴aha, mgosnebo! 304 2/3; 1/4 katreni

orstrofiani kompozicia

424 ∴qrian fiqrebi, TeTri da Savi


425 ∴garindeba

305 4/2 abab aa

katreni ortaepedi

ortaepedi meordba

426 ∴qari foTlebTan isev TamaSobs


427 ∴isev TeTria sivrce


428 cisferi siSore 307 25/25 34/34

abab katreni meordeba I-VII strofebi

429 ∴isev elvarebs dardebi gulSi

308 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani nawilobrivi sarkiseburi kompozicia

430 Zvirfas qals 308 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-VI strofebi

47

431 fiqrebi naZaladevSi. ira radovskaias

310 4/4/2 abab katreni

432 ∴isev baRSi var, mziani dRea


433 ∴es Savi fiqri daRupvas udris


434 ∴movida Rame — ase aSkara

312 5/5 abab katreni sarkiseburad meordeba I-IV strofebi

445 ∴axla Soridan vigoneb quCebs

313 5/5: 2/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

436 ∴Sen isev daRlil Tvalebs isveleb

313 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebis bolo taepebi

437 ∴axla sadRac Sors qrian qarebi


438 xmebi oTaxidan 315 5/5 abab katreni 439 akakis 315 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani

kompozicia 440 ∴isev Ramea, isev

landia 316 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani

kompozicia

441 ∴mwyuria Rame da mosveneba


442 ∴dRes imedebi isev qrebian


443 ∴zamTris bareliefi

317 3/3/2; 2/4/2


444 ∴axla asea, ra iyo winaT


445 ∴dReebi qrodnen 319 3/2; 1/4 abab katreni samstrofiani; meordeba bolo ortaepedebis mcire cvlilebiT yvela strofebi

446 ∴dgas akacia, axla nuSic

5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

447 ∴qarebi. n. baraTaSvils


448 ∴dumilia da marxaven cxedars


449 ∴SILENTIUM siCumis yvavilebi

321 24/24; 33/24

abab katreni

450 ∴axla mZimea es bediswera


451 ∴axla ar vdardob...


452 ∴isev leqsia CemTvis nugeSi


453 ∴noemberia da odnav civa


48

454 TeTri fiqrebidan (elegia)


455 cxovreba 325 5; 3/2; 2/3

abab katreni

456 varskvlavi, romelsac vumzer

326 lirikuli proza

457 ∴garSemo dgeba mziani sivrce


458 ∴matareblidan 327 5/5 abab katreni

459 ∴TeTri dReebi Cems win qrebian

328 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-III strofebis bolo taepedebi

460 ∴Zveli fiqrebi isev dgebian


461 ∴de, iyos qari 5/5 abab katreni

462 ∴qarma xom bevri fiqri datova


463 ∴Cemi iRbali grigals dahqonda


464 iras 332 4/4/2 abab katreni 465 soflis siCume 332 15//1/5

; 33/33 abab katreni orstrofiani

kompozicia 466 ∴dRe mziania, es

qari Cadga 333 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani

kompozicia

467 ∴ca — laJvardi, dedamiwa — kubo


468 ∴gaTavda, morCa, miwaze vrCebi


469 zamTris aria 335 5/5 abab katreni 470 ∴ Sen xedavdi

maRlobs 336 6:5

4/2: 3/2 abab katreni iSviTi

heterometruli sazomi (6:5)

471 Semodgomis molodini


472 monologi udabnos yvavilebze

337 43/43 (34/34) 43/24

abab katreni SidariTma (`lurja cxenebis~ msgavsad) meordeba II-VI strofebi

473 ∴dilidan ibrZvis mZime qarebi


474 ∴ra vqna, grigalSi guli vitkine


475 ∴Rame aseTi, maRali sivrce


476 ∴axla es fiqri Sensken ar modis


477 ∴Sen imedebi albaT gagiars


478 blagoslovakis sasaflao


479 ∴dRe nela midis 341 3/2 (2/3), 5

abab katreni

49

480 ∴es yvelaferi Cemze iTqva

343 5/4,5 abab katreni datexili ToTxmetmarcvledi (5/4/5) 5/4,5

481 ∴Rame da qari 343 3/2 abab katreni

482 mTvare dRis sam saaTze


483 kviris nislebi 344 33/33; 42/33; 33/43; 24

abab katreni

484 ∴dRes noembris SabaTia Cumi

345 4 4 2 aa ortaepedi

485 ∴amnair bedze vnaRvlob

345 5/2:5/3 (7:8)

abab katreni

486 ∴me quCaSi var, isev Ramea


487 ∴Sen tirils ismen 346 3/2; 3/3 (5:6) 3/2; 2/4

abab katreni

488 ∴ar minda sagnis dasaxeleba

347 5/5 abab katreni asonansi (da mze ar icdis xetialisTvis)

489 ∴isev Soreul sagans viTviseb


490 ∴saRamoa, moiRrubla zeca

348 4/4/2 aa ortaepedi

491 ∴umanko cremli dameca gulze


492 leqsi Tovlze 349 5/5 abab katreni samstrofiani kompozicia

493 ∴Cems Tvalwin qarma gadaiara


494 ∴me vatyob, qari ufro gamefda

350 5/5 abab katreni samstrofiani kompozicia

495 yazarmaSi 350 5/5 abba abba abab aba

katreni

496 navTluRi 351 3/2; 1/4; 2/3, 4/15; 2/3

abab katreni

497 ∴Sors midioda Rrubeli lega


498 ∴dRe uzrunveli. Tamaz borels

352 5/5 abab katreni samsastrofiani kompozicia

499 gazafxuli 353 33 1/5; 42/ 3/3; 33/33; 33/24; 24/33

abab katreni samstrofiani kompozicia

500 saburTaloze 354 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

501 Ramis striqonebi 354 4 4 2 abab katreni meordeba I-X strofebi

50

502 bavSvebis xmauri avadmyofobis dros

356 3/2; 2/3;5, 1/4


503 sulis cecxli 357 5/4/5 abab katreni samstrofiani kompozicia

504 ∴axla marto var 357 5/5, 5 abab katreni 505 ∴nela mivdivar da

win baRia 358 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani

kompozicia 506 ∴qarSi eria 358 2/3; 1/4

3/2 abab katreni

507 siSoris cecxli 359 4/2 abab katreni 508 cisferi 360 lirik

uli proza

509 ∴da iyo meti gamococxleba


510 sasaxlis baRi 361 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-V strofebi

511 Sen 362 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

512 Zvirfas megobars 363 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-V strofebi

513 ∴qariSxals unda guli daseros


514 ∴ase mZimea SiSi sikvdilis


515 mgloviare serafimebi

365 4/3; 3/4 abab katreni meordeba I-IV-VII-X strofebi

516 ∴ar SemiZlia da me avad var

366 5/5 abab katreni meordeba samive strofis bolo taepebi; samstrofiani kompozicia

517 ∴albaT wvimas qariSxali daZlevs

367 4/4/2 abab katreni samstrofiani kompozicia

518 ∴guSin cxeloda, dRes sicivea


519 nisliani baRi 368 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-III strofebis bolo-ortaepedebi samstrofiani kompozicia

520 ∴iyo saRamo da mogoneba


521 ∴nela mivdivar 369 5/2; 2/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

522 ∴elvarebs mzeze natexi sarke


523 ∴ra vqna, ara myavs deda


524 me da is 372 leqsi pro-

xaxa katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

51

zad 3/5/4; 4/3/5; 5/4/3; 4/3/5

meordeba mesame taepebi

525 ∴dRe gaivlis nela 372 4/2; 3/3 2/4


526 ∴ar maxsovs, maSin vis davuZaxe


527 `Memento Mori~ 373 43/43 abab katreni meordeba I strofis bolo da ukanaskneli taepebi

528 navTluRi 375 5/5 abab katreni samstrofiani kompozicia

529 ∴dRea aseTi didi 375 5/2; 3/4 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

530 ∴es mogoneba im dRidan elavs


531 ∴vzivar da axla wignia irgvliv


532 xsovnis simaRle 377 5/5 abab katreni samstrofiani kompozicia

533 ∴es are isev Savi area


534 ∴am xalxis qeba ar mixaria


535 ∴qvis qandakebas vumzer


536 mkrTali silueti 379 5/4/5 abab katreni samstrofiani kompozicia

537 ∴wveTavda wvima 379 3/2; 2/3 1/4

abab katreni meordeba yoveli strofis bolo ortaepedebi

538 zeca 380 2/3;5 abab katreni orstrofiani, sarkiseburi kompozicia

539 ∴Cans samiode jirki


540 ∴TeTri wamebi isev mihqrian


541 fiqrebi siSoreze 382 5/5 abab katreni samstrofiani kompozicia

542 sadRac Sors 383 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

543 feriscvaleba 383 5/5 abab katreni 544 ∴isev vigoneb

Soreul wamebs 384 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani

kompozicia meordeba sityvebi: )Rame, glovam mwvave, lurji)

545 ∴qari ewvia yvavils 385 5/2 abab katreni meordeba I-IV strofebi

52

546 soneti dedinacvals

385 5/4/5 soneti

abba abba cdc dee

katreni terceti

1920

547 ∴gaTenda, vaReb daketil fanjrebs


548 qali, romelic cxovrobs eklesiis ezoSi

387 5/5 abab katreni meordeba I-VI strofebi

549 ∴SeiZleba, me adamis Ze var


550 allidi otto 388 5/5 abab katreni orstrofiani kompozicia

551 ∴ra vqna, davdivar, ase damwvari


552 uimedo sivrceebi 390 4/3 abab katreni 553 gemi 391 5/2 abab katreni samstrofiani

kompozicia 554 lodini bedis 391 5/2 abab katreni 555 ∴xe Soreuli isev

iq icdis 392 5/5 abab katreni meordeba

I-IV strofebi 556 ∴isev davdivar

zugdidis baRSi 393 5/5 abab katreni meordeba

I-IV strofebi 557 ∴sadRac sdums

mTebi, sadRac nislia

394 5/5 abab katreni samstrofiani kompozicia meordeba yoveli strofis bolo taepi

53

54

saZieblebi

sazomebi

cxrili № 2

№ sazomi Txzuleba sixSire TxzulebaTa

mixedviT5(3/2; 2/3; 1/4) 24, 30, 50, 51, 59, 62, 67, 76, 93, 100, 108, 130,

149, 155, 157, 166, 172, 177, 181, 183, 190, 192, 195, 211, 212, 21, 222, 226, 229, 241, 25, 261, 273, 274, 278, 281, 98, 309, 31, 327, 338, 341, 349, 350, 354, 361, 363, 364, 374, 375, 384, 393, 403, 412, 415, 423, 445, 447, 455, 479, 481, 502, 506, 537, 538

65

3 3 (42) 46, 96, 152, 169, 198, 245, 291, 330, 425, 483 10

4 3 (3 4) 38, 54, 73, 94, 104, 121, 163, 191, 218, 228, 257, 288, 292, 295, 322, 382, 387, 478, 515, 529, 551

21

5 2 2, 75, 86, 101, 105, 113, 124, 150, 151, 156, 158, 159, 162, 178, 189, 283, 289, 343, 427, 482, 521, 523, 529, 535, 539, 545, 552, 553

28

4 4 41, 127, 140 3

5 3 ( 3 5) 132, 171, 310, 396, 401 53/3/2(3/2/3; 2/4/2)

81, 174, 443 3

5/5 1, 3-10, 12-17, 19, 20, 25, 27-29, 32, 35, 39, 40, 42, 45, 48, 49, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60, 61, 63, 65, 66, 69, 71, 74, 77, 79, 80, 83, 85, 87, 89, 90, 92, 95, 97, 99, 102, 106, 110, 112, 114, 115, 117, 118, 120, 122, 123, 126, 128, 131, 133-139, 141, 143-148, 153, 160, 161, 164, 165, 167, 168, 170, 173, 175, 176, 179, 180, 185-188, 194, 196, 200-206, 208-210, 213-217, 219, 224, 225, 227, 230-240, 243, 244-248, 250, 253-256, 258-260, 262, 263, 266-269, 272, 275, 277, 280, 284-287, 304-307, 309, 311, 313-325, 328, 329, 331, 336, 339, 340, 342, 344-348, 352, 355-360, 365-373, 376, 378,-381, 383, 385, 386, 388-391, 394, 395, 398, 400, 402, 404-406, 408-410, 413, 416-422, 424, 426, 429, 430, 432-434, 436, 437, 439-442, 444, 446, 450-454, 457-463, 466, 468, 469, 473-477, 486, 488, 489, 491-495, 497, 498, 500, 505, 509-514, 516, 518-520, 522, 526, 528, 530-534, 540-544, 547-50, 554-556

331

4/4/2 11, 18, 21, 23, 31, 44, 57, 68, 70, 91, 107, 129, 182, 207, 251, 271, 333, 353, 377, 411, 414, 431, 448, 464, 467, 484, 490, 501, 517

30

55

4/4 3 116, 193 25/2/4 438 124/24 (42/42; 33/24; 4/4/4)

82, 142, 249, 282, 449, 525 6

3/5/4 (4/3/5; 5/4/3)

524 1

33/33 (42/33) 220, 270, 483 333 (43) 483 1

5/4/5 37, 88, 103, 111, 125, 184, 197, 242, 407, 503, 536, 546

11

43/43 (43/25; 34/34)

26, 43, 335, 362, 428, 472, 527 7

53/53 98 13/2 da 3/3 (5:6)

487 1

4/2 da 3/2 (6:5)

470 1

5/2 da 5/3 (7:8)

485 1

54/3 da 4/4 (7:8)5/3 da 3/3/2 (242:5/3)

308 1

5/4 da 43 (9:7) 297 3

5/5 da 5/2 (10:7)

176, 337, 435 1

5/5 da 4/2 (10:7)

33 1

3/2/5 da 2/4/3 (10:9)

36 1

5/5 da 33/24 (10:12)

270 1

5/4/5 da 42 (14:6)

37 1

narevi 34, 39, 351, 465, 499 6

55, 5 326, 399, 504 3verlibri 264, 392 2Lleqsi prozad

84, 524 2

Llirikuli proza

78, 84, 223, 334, 456, 508 6

miniatura 154 1trioleti 37, 184 2soneti 125, 197, 242, 3769, 407, 422, 546 7

56

gariTmvis sistemacxrili № 3

№ gariTmvis sistema

Txzuleba sixSire TxzulebaTa

mixedviT

1aa 44, 70, 81, 82, 138, 186, 193, 213, 217, 233,

246, 269, 285, 290, 335, 339, 484, 3490. 182 aaaa 46 13 axax 200 14 xaxa 472, 524 25 abab 1-36, 38-43, 45, 47-69, 71-77, 79, 80, 85-137,

139-183, 185, 187-192, 194-196, 198-212, 214-216, 218-222, 224-232,234-241, 243-245, 247-263, 265-268, 270-284, 286-289, 291-333, 336-338, 340-378, 380-406, 408-421,423, 424, 426-455, 457-471, 473-483, 485-489, 491-494, 496-507, 509-523, 525-545, 547-556

524

6 abba 495 17 abab aa 425 1

8 trioletiabaaabab

37 (`fantastiuri Rame~) – 2184

3

9 sonetiabba abbaccd eed abba abba cdc dee abab abab ede dee

abba abba cdc ede abba abba ccd cee

125 (`***obobas qselsi Cavaqsove farTo zmaneba~)197 (`***farTo quCebsi daviviwyeT neli TamaSi~)242 (`firosmanaSvils~)379 (`***Cems wyeul saxels SeaCvenebs avi landebi~)407 (`saidumlo misalmeba Wleqian samreklos~)422 (`***avi zmorebiT daiTalxa Seni fardebi~)546 (`soneti dedinacvals~)

7

57

strofika

cxrili № 4

№ sazomi Txzuleba sixSire TxzulebaTa

mixedviT

1 ortaepedi 16, 70, 81-82, 186, 193, 213, 217, 233, 246, 269, 285, 290, 335, 339, 484, 490

17

2 terceti 125, 197, 242, 379, 407, 422, 546 7

3 Kkatreni 1-15, 17-36, 38-69, 71-77, 79-80, 85-183, 185, 187-192, 194-212, 214-216, 218-222, 224-232,234-245, 247-268, 270-284, 286-289, 291-333, 336-338, 340-455, 457-483, 485-489, 491-556

4 rvataepedi(trioleti)

37, 184 2

5 orstrofiani kompozicia

1, 6, 21, 27, 29, 31, 41, 48, 50, 53, 56, 57, 61, 62, 69, 73, 76, 77, 79, 88, 92, 93, 95, 102, 114, 115, 117, 120, 124, 126, 130, 132, 135, 137, 141, 143, 146, 157, 161, 163, 165, 171, 172, 173, 180, 181, 185, 190, 200, 202, 204, 211, 218, 221, 222, 235, 238-241, 245, 249, 250, 252-254, 258, 259, 263, 265, 270, 281, 283, 295, 299, 300, 305, 306, 311, 312, 316, 317, 319, 329, 330, 336, 340, 342, 349, 357, 359, 361, 366, 368, 374, 380, 384, 390, 393, 396, 406, 410, 423, 424, 429, 439, 440, 447, 450, 454, 462, 464, 466, 468, 473-475, 477, 486, 491, 497, 500, 509, 511, 520, 522, 524, 526, 529-531, 533, 535, 538, 544, 547, 550

139

6 gameorebuli strofebi

2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 26, 30, 35, 40, 45, 46, 47, 49, 52, 60, 65, 67, 68, 70, 72, 74, 75, 80, 81, 85, 89, 91, 96, 99, 100, 101, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 113, 116, 118, 123, 129, 131, 134, 138, 140, 142, 145, 147, 149, 151, 155, 162, 164, 167, 168, 169, 170, 174, 176, 177, 178, 179, 188, 192-195, 201, 205-210, 212, 213, 215-217, 224, 229, 230, 233. 236, 237, 243, 251, 260, 261, 266, 268, 269, 272, 274, 276, 278, 284-288, 291-293, 296, 297, 298, 301, 309, 310, 318, 322, 324-327, 335, 337, 339, 341, 344, 346, 347, 350, 352-356, 360, 363, 371, 373, 377, 378, 382, 385, 387, 389, 391, 397-400, 403-405, 409, 411, 412, 414, 415, 420, 425, 427, 428, 430, 432-436, 443, 445, 446, 448, 453, 459, 460, 463, 467, 471, 501, 502, 510, 512, 515, 516, 518, 519, 521, 527, 537, 542, 545, 548, 549, 554-557

206

7 erTstrofiani kompozicia

36, 64, 66, 83, 98, 111, 121, 226, 294, 333 10

58

saleqso formebi

cxrili № 5

№ sazomi gariTmvis sistema

strofika Txzuleba sixSire

1 5 (1/4, 3/2) abab katreni 24, 30, 50, 51, 59, 62, 76, 93, 100, 108, 130, 149, 155, 166, 172, 177, 181, 183, 190, 192, 195, 211, 212, 221, 222, 226, 229, 241, 252, 261, 273, 274, 278, 281, 298, 303, 312, 327, 338, 341, 349, 350, 354, 361, 364, 374, 375, 384, 393, 403, 412, 415, 423, 445, 447, 455, 479, 481, 496, 502, 506, 537, 538

63

2 3/3 aaaa katreni 46 13 4/3 (3/4) abab katreni 46, 96, 152, 169, 198,

245, 291, 330, 425, 483

9

4 5/2 abab katreni 2, 75, 86, 101, 105, 113, 124, 150, 151, 156, 158, 159, 162, 178, 189, 283, 289, 343, 427, 482, 521, 523, 529, 535, 539, 545, 552, 553

28

5 4/4 abab katreni 41, 127, 1406 5/3 (3/5) abab katreni 132, 171, 310, 396,

4012

7 5/5 abab katreni (ix. sazomebi: gv.2)

8 trioleti abaaabab rvataepe-di

37, 184

9 soneti abba abba ccd ees;

abba abba cde dee;

abab abab ede dee

abba abba cdc ede

abba abbaccd cce

ToTxmet-taepedi

125, 197, 242, 379, 407, 422, 546

7

59

Tamar barbaqaZe

terenti granelis sonetebi*

terenti granelis poezia, romelic 10-iani wlebidan mkvidrdeba qarTul sinamdvileSi, galaktionisa da `cisfer-yanwelTa~ Semoqmedebis drosa da sivrces ver ascdeboda da simbolisturi mxatvrul-esTetikuri saxeebiT da SegrZne-bebiT iqneboda nasazrdoebi. es asec aris, amitomac terenti granelis sonetebSi ar Wirs poetis simbolisturi msofl-aRqmis damadasturebeli poeturi xatebis gamoyofa.

terenti granelis pirveli krebuli `panaSvidebi~ 1920 wels daistamba, romelSic ramdenime sonetic iyo dabeWdi-li. 1922 wels gamosul wigns `sulidan saflavebi~ ukve hyavda iseTi cnobili kritikosebi, rogorebic iyvnen: k. gamsaxur-dia da v. gafrindaSvili. Tu pirvelma sagangebod aRniSna am krebulis avtoris warmateba `leqsis teqnikaSi~, v. gafrin-daSvilma miuTiTa terenti granelis sonetebze: `soneti dedinacvals~, `saidumlo misalmeba Wleqian samreklos~ da sayuradRebod miiCnia am ukanaskneli sonetis striqonebi:

o, Cemi suli uerTdeba qalaqs mtverians,

davikargebi, rogorc mamis Zveli nisia.

sikvdili, masTan dakavSirebuli mistika da idumaleba, aris sayrdeni rogorc terenti granelis mTeli Semoqmede-bis, ise misi sonetebisaTvis. terenti granelis poeziis mkvl-evarebi (a. Jordania, e. norakiZe) xSirad imowmeben Sopenhau-eris naTqvams: ùfro naTlad da kargad xedavan pesimistis Savi Tvalebi, vidre optimistisa~ da nicSes sityvebs: `yvela naweridan me momwons is, romelic aris sisxliT dawerili da were sisxliT, maSin gaigeb, Tu ra aris suli!~

terenti granelis poeziis ZiriTadi ganwyobileba – ira-cionaluri, intuiciuri gancda sikvdilisa, `sicocxlis

* wignidan: barbaqaZe T. soneti saqarTveloSi. Tbilisi: ùniversali~, 2008, gv. 153-164.

60

SiSi~ – kargad aisaxa sonetSi `saidumlo misalmeba Wleqian samreklos~ (1921):

zamTris dReebi, yru sicive da procesia,

neli survili, SuaRamis TeTri godeba.

Cemi savane udabnoa da Secodeba,

ver gaveqcevi mzeramoRlils da mizezians.

cnobili leqsmcodne i. lotmani, rodesac saubrobs sik-vdilis, rogorc siuJetis problemis Taobaze, aRniSnavs: `То, что не имеет конца – не имеет и смысла. Осмысление связана с сег-ментацией недискретного пространства. В этом отношении приписы-вание реальности значениий, в частности, с про-цесе художественного осмысления; неизбежно включает в себя сегментацию.

Жизнь – без начала и конца...Но ты, художник, твердо веруйв начала и концы.

(А. Блок)

Из сказанного вытекают два существенных последствия. Первое – в сфере действительности – связано с особой смысловой области в жизни человека, второе – в области искусства – определяет собой доминантую роль начал и концов, особенно последних~ (lot-mani 1994: 417-418). rogorc i. lotmani gviCvenebs, litera-turuli nawarmoebi, romlis siuJeturi plani sikvdilis Temas efuZneba, faqtobrivad, ewinaaRmdegeba mis uaryofas: `Понятие смерти (конца) не может бить решено простым отрицанием уже потому. что здесь пересекаются космические и человеческие структуры~ (lotmani 1994: 420). sikvdilis problema terenti granelis poeziaSi ganuyoflad aris dakavSirebuli qris-tianul msoflgancdasTan, xolo religia aris erTaderTi WeSmariti gza pirovnebis anu sasrulobis maradiulobasTan, usasrulobasTan dakavSirebisa:

zarebis reka wertilebiT Semomesia,

uiRblo yofnis sinanuli sulSi grovdeba,

61

saqarTveloSi mxolod Sen erTs Tu gagondeba

gabrwyinebuli Cemi saxe, viT eklesia.

zemoxsenebuli sonetis meore katrenSi TiTqos fizi-kurad SeigrZnoba `suli~ – sxeulis Cumi tusaRi, suli – uc-nobi, suli – angelozi~. zarebis reka, wertilebiT Semoseuli, im dasasrulis, saocnebo sikvdilis, sicocxlis wertilis mauwyebelia, razec ase ocnebobs poeti.

terenti granelis poeziaSi neoromantizmis mimarTule-bis maZiebelni (zandukeli 1984: 86), albaT grZnobdnen da xe-davdnen mis leqsebSi gamudmebul ltolvas im momavlisaken, romelic mxolod `yofilis niRbiT warmogvidgeba~ (beli 1994: 301). adamiani ki, ganZarcvuli Tavisi materialuri sxe-ulisagan, gamudmebiT ganicdis sulier evolucias.

`soneti dedinacvals~ poet-vizioneris metafizikuri WvretiT danaxul zesTa sofels gviCvenebs, romelSi Se-saRwevad lirikuli gmiris dabinduli, cremliani mzera da locviT daqanculi sulia saWiro:

mamis saflavze agatirebs tkbili warsuli,

spetak cremlebSi daexvevi, rogorc bawari.

giyvars locvebSi walenjixis Zveli taZari,

wvimian dReSi sasaflaos wyromiT gars uvli.

`cremli-bawari~ warsulis WaSi Casasvleli saSualebaa, romelic locvasTan erTad win uZRvis gmirs Zvirfas suleb-Tan SesaerTeblad.

miuxedavad imisa, rom terenti granelis fizikuri por-tretiT xSirad zecisken Tvalebapyrobili Semoqmedi war-mogvidgeba, misi leqsebis lirikul gmirs ufro qveskne-lis uZiro WaSi `cremlis bawriT~ mimavals vxedavT. `cremlis bawari~ is poeturi saxe-simboloa, romelic empiriuls aer-Tebs irealurTan. am SemTxvevaSi saxe ukve azria: `Голый об-раз и образ как символ – это образ как смысль~ (stivensi 1982: 205).

Tu sonetis pirvel katrenSi individualuri ZalisxmeviT cdilobs adamiani maradiulTan ziarebas, meore katrenSi mediumad mRvdeli da saxareba gvevlineba, rac lirikul gmirs

62

erTdroulad akavSirebs mkvdrebTanac da cocxlebTanac. pirvel katrenSi iracionaluri, intuiciuri wiaRsvliT aR-wevs gmiri RvTiur WeSmaritebas, xolo meore katrenSi realu-ri, namdvili qveynis sicocxliT ganagrZobs kvlav arsebobas:

keTrovanebas religia SenSi asrulebs,

marad saydarSi iarebi grZeli mazariT

civ saxarebas wagikiTxavs mRvdeli lazare,

da isev ndobiT uerTdebi codvil avsulebs.

qristianuli msxverplSewirvis udidesi da uwmindesi sim-bolo – sanTeli – marTlac, poeturi zeSTagonebis naTliT asxivosnebs lirikul gmirs:

mwuxris wirvebSi ainTebi, rogorc kandeli,

gtanjavs siave, ferwasuli mTvaris anTeba

da Sens kalTebSi Cumad iwvis korianteli.

(`soneti dedinacvals~)

`ferwasuli mTvaris~ mxatvruli saxe uneburad gvaxse-nebs n. baraTaSvilis mTawmindis mTvares, `diskogadaxriT Suqmibundvils~, romelic `mxurvale locviT daqancul uman-ko suls~ edareba da maradiulobasTan gvaziarebs. sonetis ukanasknel tercetSi gvxvdeba originaluri disonansuri riTma: monebs stiri – monasteri:

gars gaxvevia mwuxareba glovis bantebad,

oqros xatebSi monazoni Zvel monebs stiri

da kvlav gelaTis gesizmreba Sen monasteri.

iseve, rogorc am sonetSi, terenti granelis sxva sone-tebSic gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva `w~ bgeris alite-rirebas maSin, rodesac poetis winaswarWvretis, xilvis tragikuli msoflSegrZnebis suraTebi ixateba:.

mewamul sabnebs aelvarebs wyromiT afTari

da farul wamiT iferfleba swrafi kandeli.

(`soneti~, 1929)

63

an: wiTeli raSi aniavebs mewamul nalebs.

(`soneti~, 1919)

evfoniis semantikuri funqciis kvlevisas sagangebod mi-uTiTeben, rom bgerwera gacnobierebuli mxatvruli xerxia, xolo `w~ bgeras poetebi ufro xSirad mimarTaven minoruli ganwyobilebis gadmosacemad (xinTibiZe 1997: 119).

riTma kandeli-korianteli (ix. `soneti dedinacvals~) me-ordeba grigol robaqiZisadmi miZRvnil sonetSic (1919):

wiTel ferebiT Camodnebi mwvane kandeli,

cecxlis rkalebiT agaTrTolebs korianteli.

erT-erT usaTauro sonetSi terenti graneli poetur TviTdaxasiaTebas mimarTavs da Tavisi Semoqmedebis Tavise-burebaze saubrobs:

obobas qselSi Cavaqsove farTo zmaneba,

SeSlil xelebiT vaTamaSeb boqsis sapirebs

yru sicocxleSi ileSeba aRfrTovaneba,

lurji ocneba Tvalwin miSlis ucxo napirebs.

romantikul-simbolisturi alegoriebi, am katrenSi ase mravlad rom aris moxmobili, zustad gvixatavs terenti granelis sulier portrets. aqve soneti, rogorc leqsis klasikuri, srulyofili forma, zRaprul samyaroSi gadasax-lebisa da maradiuli harmoniis ziarebis saSualebad aris nagulisxmevi:

Cemi soneti oqros tyeSi zeims apirebs.

`soneti-medalioni~, romelic terenti granelma niko firosmans miuZRvna, erTdroulad, warmogvidgens mxatvris realur yofas da mware sinamdvilis nayofs – mis Semoqmedebas:

Cumad gewvia saocrebis ruxi xazebi,

farul koSmarebs atirebdi sevdis minaSi,

Sen ar icodi damSvidebiT yofna binaSi

da Ramis loTebs daeZebdi Rvinis TasebiT.

64

Cans, terenti granelisaTvis wminda da amaRlebuli iyo RmerTTan pirispir darCenili morwmune-qristianis locvis eqstazi:

locviT amsxvrevdi ziarebas sasaflaoze,

sisxlian mkerdiT aitane brolis armazi,

anTebul mxatvars saiqio, albaT, gaocebs.

terenti graneli am sonetis meore tercetSi STambeWda-vad da zustad xatavs niko firosmanis SemoqmedebiT indivi-dualobas erTi striqoniT:

Seni ocneba isvenebda wiTel narmaze.

mxatvris sulieri portretis `wiTel narmaze~, anu sis-xliT, tkiviliT dafarul tiloze amgvari sizustiT Ses-ruleba mxolod terenti granels SeeZlo, romelic Rrma su-lier naTesaobas grZnobda niko firosmanTan: `misi faruli, idumali suli, ganuwyvetliv eZiebda TanmgrZnob sulebs. eZiebda da xSirad poulobda kidec, miwieri gaZlebisa da arsebobis Zalas rom matebda. xSirad uxilavs Tbilisis nis-lSi firosmanis tanjuli saxe. uxilavs da usazRvrod gaxa-rebia, marto rom ar iyo amqveynad... rom arsebobdnen misnairi xvedriT Sekruli da wminda tanjviT SekavSirebuli ada-mianebi~. Tu gavixsenebT k. gamsaxurdias sityvebs terenti granelis Sesaxeb J. àlionSi~: `terenti graneli modis sis-xliani samaridan~. maSin ufro TvalsaCino gaxdeba sisxlis, wiTeli feris tragikuli gancda da misi meSveobiT sulieri naTesaobis Ziebis cda TanamedroveTa Soris. mxatvruli sa-xe `wiTeli narmisa~, rogorc tragikulis, gamaRizianebeli yoveldRiurobisa da, amave dros, RvTis mier niSandebulis, rCeulis ferisa sxva sonetSic gvxvdeba:

Savi wirvebi atirdeba wiTel narmaSi.

albaT, SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom oTar WilaZe sulier na-Tesavebad, `bednier tanjulebad~, miiCnevs firosmansa da terenti granels. pirvelis Taobaze aRniSnavs, rom igi uka-

65

naskneli warmomadgeneli iyo Cveni saeklesio mxatvrobisa, romelsac, wesiT, taZrebi unda moexata, magram bedis uku-RmarTobis gamo, duqnebs xatavda. miuxedavad amisa ̀ ...is mainc ufro sulis mxatvaria, vidre yofisa~ (WilaZe 1997). terenti granelisaTvis ki, misi azriT, `yvelaferi jer leqsis saxes iRebda da mxolod mere xdeboda gasagebi, misaRebi da uarsa-yofi... is Tavidanve ganwiruli iyo dasaRupavad, radgan ar SeeZlo sakuTar arsebaSi poeti gamoecalkevebina Cveuleb-rivi adamianisagan~ (WilaZe 1997). aseve sagulisxmoa erTgva-ri poeturi `gadaZaxilis~, sulieri naTesaobis, Zieba teren-ti granelsa da niko samadaSvils Soris (SavlaZe 1991: 3).

terenti granelis poeziaSi aSkarad vlindeba lirikulis dramatizeba, mZafri, mZime subieqturi gancdis obieqtiva-cia, rasac disharmoniis daZlevisa da sasurveli harmoniis miRwevis survili gansazRvravs: `...qveynad qmnileba moago-nebs dakargul zecas. misdevs, mihyveba im moCvenebiT, rom Seipyros saturfalnis sityvis badeSi, ritmSi, riTmaSi da ewameba~, – werda vasil barnovi terenti granelis leqsebze (barnovi 1984: 129). poetis sonetebic am Zneladmosapovebeli idealisaken mimaval gzaze Seiqmna.

damowmebani:

barnovi 1984: barnovi v. granelis poeziisaTvis. wignSi: `Cemi cxovreba mxolod leqsia~. terenti graneli. Tbilisi: 1984.

beli 1994: Белый А. Символизм как мировозреие. Москва: 1994 (wignidan: T. barbaqaZe. soneti saqarTveloSi. Tbilisi: ùniversali~, 2008, gv. 153-164).

zandukeli 1984: zandukeli m. Cemi cxovreba mxolod leqsia. terenti graneli. Tbilisi: 1984.

lotmani 1994: Лотман Ю. М. Смерть как проблема сюжета. В кн.: Ю. М. Лотман и тартуско-московская семиотическая школа. М.: 1994.

stivensi 1982: Писатели США. М.: 1982.SavlaZe 1991: SavlaZe T. dro da poeti, anu oriode paraleli. gaz.

`literaturuli saqarTvelo~, 8.II. Tbilisi: 1991.WilaZe 1997: WilaZe o. wignidan `bednieri tanjulni~. gaz. `literatu-

ruli saqarTvelo~, № 17. Tbilisi: 1997.

xinTibiZe 1997: xinTibiZe a. qarTuli leqsmcodneoba. Tbilisi: 1997.

66

levan bregaZe

`sadRac~ da `viRac~ terenti granelis

SemoqmedebaSi

terenti granelis poeziaSi uamravi ganusazRvrelobi-Ti metyvelebis nawili gvxvdeba. or maTganze vilaparakebT: erTia ganusazRvrelobiTi zmnizeda `sadRac~da meore – ganusazRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxeli `viRac~.

SedarebisTvis statistikas mivmarToT: ilia WavWavaZis poeziaSi `sadRac~ arc erTxel ar gvxvde-

ba; `viRac~ gvxvdeba aTjer, leqsebSic da poemebSic (sanikiZe 1986);

akaki wereTlis poeziaSi sul aris 21 `sadRac~, aqedan originalur lirikaSi – mxolod 4; `viRac~ gvxvdeba 69-jer, aqedan originalur lirikaSi – 14-jer (sanikiZe 1982, 1983);

galaktionTan amaTi raodenoba matulobs: masTan `sad-Rac~ – 75 leqsSi 84-jer gvxvdeba, xolo ̀ viRac~ – 41 leqsSi 51-jer (visargebleT vebgverdis galaktion.ge saZiebo sistemiT).

miuxedavad imisa, rom galaktionis poeturi memkvidre-oba terenti granelisas moculobiT bevrad aRemateba, te-renti granelis poeziaSi `sadRac~ gvxvdeba 207-jer, `raRac~ – 157-jer (vsargeblobT eleqtronuli gamocemiT: graneli: Lit.ge, 2011)*.

am sityvebis mniSvneloba terenti granelTan imiTic aris xazgasmuli, rom isini mas xSirad gaaqvs striqonis boloSi da riTmavs. zogjer erTsa da imave riTmas ramdenjerme iyenebs sxvadasxva leqsSi:

sadRac : dadga gamoyenebuli aqvs 8-jer;

sadRac : sad xar – 5-jer;

sadRac : sazRvars – 2-jer;

sadRac : saydars – 2-jer:

sadRac : adga– erTxel;

* aqac da galaktionTanac vecadeT zustad dagveTvala, cdomileba SeiZ-leba iyos + − 2-3.

67

viRac : iRbals– 7-jer;

viRac : niRabs– 3-jer;

viRac : mihyavs– 2-jer;

viRac : mimiyvans– 2-jer;

viRac : iqac– 2-jer;

viRac : iq xar– 2-jer;

viRacebi : xazebi– erTxel;

viRacebs : walenjixaze (egzotikuri riTma)– erTxel.

galaktion tabiZes leqsebSi erTaderTxel aqvs gariTmu-li `sadRac~ (`sadRaca : da mTaca~ –1910-ian wlebSi daweril usaTauroSi: `TandaTan bneldeba...~, da erTxelac poemaSi òTxi dRe~: `qalaqi, sadRac / daba-sofeli / SiSobs, Tavs ad-gas / damamxobeli~), xolo `viRac~ sariTmo sityvad leqsebSi gatanili aqvs 5-jer da orjerac – poemaSi `mwyemsi~.

gariTmvis garda, leqsSi sityvis aqcentirebis xerxi aris agreTve misi striqonis TavSi gameoreba – anafora. am figurasac xSirad iyenebs terenti graneli. `sadRac~ zmni-zedis anaforuli gameorebis11 SemTxveva daiZebna. vnaxoT ramdenime magaliTi:

nela mival, siCumea irgvliv,

nela mival, siCumea, grila.

sadRac axla ibadeba fiqri,

sadRac axla inisleba dila.

(***nela mival, siCumea irgvliv)

sadRac saflavis vardi ayvavda,

sadRac gulebi sikvdils elian.

axla Ramea, ukve daRamda

da Rame ufro sayvarelia.

(***vici, qariSxals ver davewevi)

sadRac zRvebi Relavdnen,

sadRac mxolod nislia.

daviRale, Senamde

mosvla ar SemiZlia.

(„lenoras“)

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axla asea, ra iyo winaT,

axla es dardi ufro kargia.

sadRac nislia, sadRac iwvima,

sadRac Rrublebi caze garbian.

(***axla asea, ra iyo winaT)

axla vnaxoT `viRac~:

viRac ucnobi marxia ager,

viRac ucnobis saflavTan vdgevar.

(***Citi afrinda sadRac maRlobTan)

viRac Tavs ixris,

viRac Sen geZebs.

Sevyureb cixis

mdumare kedels.

(***Sen cas Cabardi)

zogierTi leqsi pirdapir daxunZlulia `sadRaciT~ da `viRaciT~. magaliTad, leqsis `siSoreze~ yvela, oTxi-ve, strofSi aris `sadRac~ da or strofSi masTan erTad `viRac~.

leqsis `Rame oTaxSi~ eqvsive strofSi aris `viRac~ (sul rva), plus erTi `sadRac~.

aqvs leqsi, romelSic orive es sityva saTaurSia gatani-li: `sadRac da viRac~:

sadRac da viRac

И вижу берег очарованныйИ очарованную даль.

А. Блок

irgvliv sivrcea da fiqri bevri,

es cecxliani survilic mokvda.

sadRac Sors, tyesTan, matarebeli

sadgurs kiviliT miuaxlovda.

69

sadRac sanTeli iwvis kubosTan

da ibureba qalaqi nisliT.

sadRac depeSas Rebulobs fosta

da aparatis rakraki ismis.

albaT qarebi dResac gveZebda,

rom kvdeba guli – msoflio RerZi.

iq, lazareTis saSiS kedlebTan,

swuxs avadmyofi da sikvdils ebrZvis.

xSirad micqeris uRirsi Tvali,

me Senze fiqri ver davamTavre.

sadRac zis gemze mwuxare qali

da zRvidan umzers gadaxril mTvares.

me vwuxvar, rom aq aravin ari,

mokldeba ricxvi Cemi dReebis.

iq sadRac, tyeSi, Srialebs qari

da kacebiviT dganan xeebi.

albaT iq viRac gardaicvala

(gavida Rame da vneba mwveli).

is ar meyofa, rac rom viwvale

da kidev sxvagvar wamebas veli.

yovelive zemoTqmulidan aSkaraa, rom am ganusazRvre-lobiT metyvelebis nawilebs terenti granelis poeziaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba. ganusazRvrelobiT metyvelebis nawilTa esodeni simravle da maTi aqcentire-ba poeziis miseuli gagebis Sedegia. ra aris poezia terenti granelisTvis? amas igi mkafiod gvauwyebs leqsSi `sadRac Sors naprals nisli ewvia~:

sadRac Sors naprals nisli ewvia,

me davasvene baRSi Tvalebi.

hqrian fiqrebi da poezia

ra aris, garda idumalebis.

sadRac Sors, naprals nisli ewvia,

mivdivar, Tbiliss vtoveb droebiT.

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ra aris, garda usazRvroebis.

sadRac Sors, naprals, nisli ewvia,

Zvirfaso, Cem guls Sen ar icnobdi.


ra aris, garda maradisobis.

sadRac Sors, naprals, nisli ewvia,




poezia terenti granelisTvis yofila idumaleba, usazR-vroeba, maradisoba. idumalebac ganusazRvrelia, maradiso-bac ganusazRvrelia da usazRvroeba xom ganusazRvrelia da ganusazRvreli... da ra gasakviria, rom am poetTan ganu-sazRvrelobiTi metyvelebis nawilebi aseT pativSia.

terenti granelis msoflgancda pozitivisturi msofl-gancdis sapirispiroa. pozitivistebisgan gansxvavebiT, mis-Tvis samyaro idumalebiT aris aRsavse. es iseTi idumalebaa, romelic samyaros Semecnebis kvalobaze ki ar mcirdeba, aramed izrdeba. paradoqsulad ki JRers, magram, rac ufro SevicnobT samyaros, miT ufro idumali xdeba is. samyaros idumalebis es SegrZneba dakarga adamianTa umetesobam, ris gamoc maTi cxovreba uRimRamo da mosawyeni gaxda.

es gancda (samyaros idumalebis gancda) aseTi intensivo-biT qarTvel poetTagan, mgoni, sxvas aravis gamouxatavs.

is `sadRac~, idumalebis am gancdis gadmocemas rom em-saxureba, movnaTloT saxeliT ̀ idumalebis ̀ sadRac~. mis gar-da terenti granelTan gvxvdeba sxva daniSnulebis `sadRac~, romelsac SeiZleba vuwodoT `sinqronulobis `sadRac~.

magaliTi:

es grZnoba ufro agizgizdeba

(da Sen Soridan gediviT sCandi).

sadRac lamazi bavSvi izrdeba

da sadRac xevSi mdinare Cadis.

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aq aRwerili movlenebi – (1) grZnobis agizgizeba, (2) sadRac rom lamazi bavSvi izrdeba da (3) sadRac kidev xevSi rom mdinare Cadis – mizezSedegobrivad ar ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs. maT akavSirebT sinqronuloba, Tanadrouloba, erTdrouloba.

mokled, mizezSedegobriobis (kauzalobis) nacvlad yu-radRebis gadatana movlenaTa sinqronulobaze terenti granelis poeziis TvalSi sacemi Taviseburebaa. amgvari ram arcerT sxva qarTvel poetTan ar SeiniSneba, es terenti granelis poeziis specifikuri koncefciaa. es Tavisebureba misi poeziisa zogs SeiZleba izidavdes, zogsac ganizidavdes, rac imazea damokidebuli, ramdenad movaxerxebT kauzaluri azrovnebis inerciis daZlevas. me, piradad, axalgazrdobi-sas maRizianebda kauzalobis demonstraciuli ugulebel-yofa granelis leqsebSi (kauzalobas masTan sinqronu-loba rom enacvleba, amaze maSin, cxadia, arc mifiqria!). es uCveulo ram iyo. magaliTad, poeti gveubneba:

irgvliv sivrcea da fiqri bevri,

es cecxliani survilic mokvda.

umniSvnelovanesi ram – cecxliani survilis sikvdili– gvauwya. axla mkiTxvels ainteresebs, ra moxda aseTi, ram mok-la cecxliani survili, mizezi ainteresebs, ramac Sedegad cecxliani survilis sikvdili moiyola. sxva poetebi am cecx-liani survilis sikvdilis mizezebze ityodnen an migvaniS-nebdnen rames. granels ki sul ar aRelvebs kauzaluroba, mas ainteresebs sxvagan ra xdeba am dros da ase ganagrZobs:

sadRac Sors, tyesTan, matarebeli

sadgurs kiviliT miuaxlovda.

sadRac sanTeli iwvis kubosTan

da ibureba qalaqi nisliT.

sadRac depeSas Rebulobs fosta

da aparatis rakraki ismis.

ai, eseni xdeba `sadRac~ im dros, rodesac àq~, poetSi, `cecxliani survili mokvda~.

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erTic vnaxoT:

iyo Secdoma da ver vatyobdi,

Zvirfaso, es dRe isev suls Rafavs.

sadRac sofelSi wevs avadmyofi

da viRac glaxa saubrobs zRapars.

(***dgas Rameebis Savi wertili)

ìyo Secdoma da ver vatyobdi~ – nu moeliT am Secdomis mizezebsa da Sedegebze saubars. terenti granels es ar ain-teresebs, misi interesis sagani is aris, roca Tavisi Sec-doma aRmoaCina, am dros sxvagan ra xdeba: 1. mis Tvalwin Ramdeba (`dRe suls Rafavs~), 2. `sadRac sofelSi wevs avad-myofi~, 3. viRac glaxa zRapars hyveba.

esoden urTierTgansxvavebuli informaciiT aRZruli emociebi, erTmaneTze wafenili, qmnis terenti granelis po-eziis specifikur kolorits.

azrovnebis es manera tipobrivia granelisTvis da misi poeziis umniSvnelovanes Taviseburebas warmoadgens, metis-metad uCveulos CvenTvis.

`CvenTvis~-meTqi, rom vambob, dasavlurad moazrovne adamians vgulisxmob, adamians, romlisTvisac mizezSedegob-rivi azrovnebaa damaxasiaTebeli. magram azrovnebis es mane-ra erTaderTi rodia. aRmosavleTSi ase ar yofila. karl gustav iungs movusminoT, erT-erT ugamoCeniles fsiqolog-sa da fsiqiatrs:

àRmosavleTi azrovnebisas da faqtTa Sefasebisas sxva principiT xelmZRvanelobs. Cven sityvac ki ar mogveZeveba am principis aRsaniSnavad. aRmosavleTSi, raRa Tqma unda, aris aseTi sityva, magram CvenTvis is marTlacda Cinuria. aRmosav-leTSi mas dao hqvia. Cems megobar mak-daugols erTi Cineli studenti hyavs, romelsac man erTxel hkiTxa, mainc, zustad rom vTqvaT, ra igulisxmeba daoSio. tipuri dasavluri SekiTxvaa! Cinelma auxsna, Tu ra aris dao, man ki miugo, mainc ver gavigeo. maSin Cineli aivanze gavida da hkiTxa:

– ras xedavT? – vxedav quCas, saxlebs, moseirne xalxs... ai, tramvaim Caiara.

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– kidev ras? – ager, iq maRlobia. – kidev? – xeebi. – kidev? – qari qris. da Cinelma xelebi aRapyro da warmoTqva: èsaa dao~. xedavT? dao yvelaferi SeiZleba iyos. me sxva sityvas

vxmarob mis aRsaniSnavad, romelic sakmaod ubadrukad JRers – me mas sinqronulobas vuwodeb. rodesac aRmosav-lelis suli Tanadroulad mimdinare faqtebs akvirdeba, igi am `Tanadroulobas~ ise Rebulobs, rogorc is aris, dasav-luri suli (goni) ki mas calkeul nawilebad yofs, anawevrebs. magaliTad, vinmes es Cveni Sekreba rom exila, ikiTxavda: `saidan gaCnda es xalxi? aq risTvis Sekrebila?~. aRmosavlur suls es sul ar ainteresebs. is ufro ase ikiTxavda: `ras un-da moaswavebdes, rom es xalxi aq Segrovebula?~. es problema ki, Tavis mxriv, dasavlur suls ar awuxebs. Tqven is gainte-resebT, ramac SegyaraT da rasac iqmT*. sul sxvaa aRmosavle-li; misTvis mniSvnelovania erTad yofna, rogorc aseTi.

iqneb es ase gamomeTqva: davuSvaT, zRvis piras dgaxarT, da talRebma gamoriyes naxmari qudi, Zveli skivri, cali fex-sacmeli da mkvdari Tevzi, da yovelive es axla napirze Zevs. Tqven ityviT: `SemTxveviTobaa, sisulelea!~. Cinuri goni (suli) ki ikiTxavs: `ras niSnavs aq am nivTTa Tavmoyra?~. Ci-nelis suli eqsperiments atarebs erTad yofnasa da saWiro momentSi TavSeyraze, da mas iseTi eqsperimentuli meTodi gaaCnia, romelic dasavleTSi ucnobia, aRmosavlur filo-sofiaSi ki did rols asrulebs. es gaxlavT movlenaTa SesaZ-lo ganviTarebis winaswarmetyvelebis meTodi, da mas dResac iyenebs iaponelebis mTavroba politikur viTarebaTa gan-xilvisas. magaliTad, msoflio omis dros gamoiyenes. es me-Todi qristes dabadebamde 1143 wels iqna formulirebuli~ (iungi 1995: 90-91).

* leqciis msmenelebs mimarTavs.

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* * *roca am fragmentis es adgili wavikiTxe: `davuSvaT,

zRvis piras dgaxarT, da talRebma gamoriyes naxmari qudi, Zveli skivri, cali fexsacmeli da mkvdari Tevzi, da yoveli-ve es axla napirze Zevs~, im wuTas gamaxsenda granelis striqo-nebi leqsidan ̀ sadRac Sors~: ̀ sadRac Sors iyo gamosalmeba, / sadRac Sors, zRvasTan sdumdnen nivTebi~. ra nivTebi? zRvis talRebis mier napirze gamoriyuli?! aba sxva ra! ras unda moaswavebdes poetisa da mecnieris naazrevTa aseTi ucna-uri msgavseba? esec am Cveni samyaros auxsneli idumalebis erTi dasturi xom ar aris?

damowmebani:

graneli 2001: graneli t. poezia. I. II. Tbilisi: eleqtronuli gamomcem-

loba `liTerasi~, Lit.ge, 2011. iungi 1995: iungi k. g. analizuri fsiqologiis safuZvlebi. sizmrebi.

germanulidan Targmna irine jioevma. Tbilisi: `diogene~, 1995.

sanikiZe 1982: sanikiZe T. akaki wereTlis poeziis leqsikoni. wigni I.

Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba, wigni II, 1982.

sanikiZe 1983: sanikiZe T. akaki wereTlis poeziis leqsikoni. wigni I.

Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba,1983. wigni II, 1983.

sanikiZe 1986: sanikiZe T. ilia WavWavaZis poeziis leqsikoni. Tbilisi:

Tsu gamomcemloba, 1986.

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qeTevan elaSvili

imqveyniuri samyaros `mxatvruli ena~

(terenti graneli)

dasabamidan – kacobriobis istoriis pirvelive sabedis-wero nabiji `sikvdilis dabadebaa~... Tavdapirvelad àdami-anma veranairad ver SeiTvisa sikvdilis, rogorc gaqrobis idea. bevri ram ewinaaRmdegeboda amas, TviT masSi waruxo-celi iyo gardacvlilTa kvali – maTi saxeebi, sityvebi, Jes-tebi, dapirebani Tu muqara; maT mier gamoxmobili grZnobebi – SiSi, Suri, survilebi... yovelive es ganagrZobda masSi ar-sebobas, Tavad sikvdilis faqti ki daviwyebas eZleoda. adami-ans sizmrad ecxadebodnen gardacvlili megobarni Tu mter-ni – Tan sruliad ucvlelni... ase rom, sikvdilis dajereba Zalze Zneli iyo... yvelaze damabneveli mainc sikvdilis uxi-lavi aspeqti iyo...~ (abzianiZe, elaSvili 2012: 52). Semdgom ki, am ùxedveli samyaros~ miTosuri, religiuri Tu mxatvruli Secnobis araerTgvarovani wvdoma ganapirobebs kulturo-logiur àmaRlebasa~ Tu `dacemas~ sxvadasxva epoqaSi. miT ufro fokusirebulia `sikvdili~ apokalifsuri cnobiere-bis Jams – saukuneTa monacvleobisas anu sulieri gzaabne-ulobis dros...

amgvari, ukiduresi msoflmxedvelobiTi ryevebiT, – sruli daucvelobisa Tu miusafrobis mZafri SegrZnebiT daiwyo XX saukune 2 wlis terenti granelisaTvis (is daibada 1898, zogierTi CanaweriT ki 1897, wels) da emociaTa es `qar-borbala~ sabediswero `sulieri tvirTi~ aRmoCnda misTvis...

Sesabamisad, amRvreuli sasicocxlo impulsebiT iwyo cxovreba da mxolod imqveyniuri samyaros mistikuri àkor-debiT~ cdilobda Tavis Seqcevas da sxvaTa dazafrvas. es sabediswero gancda granels pirdapiri, Semzaravi ganacxa-diT Semoaqvs mxatvrul azrovnebaSi. qtonuri samyaros sa-xismetyvelebiTi ilustracia ucxoa misTvis da saerTod,

76

Sesabamisi ìmqveyniuri samyaros rekvizitebic~ – samare, saflavi, kubo, cxedari, Savi miwa... yovelgvari simboluri Tvalsawierisganaa daclili. Tumca, swored amitom, àm re-kvizitTa~ simbolur ilustraciebs gTavazobT, raTa grane-liseuli imqveyniuri samyaro ufro Sesacnobi gaxdes;

`saflavi (akldama) – es aris sikvdilis yvelaze xelSesa-xebi da maradiuli simbolo, Zalze ambivalenturi, radgan is iziarebs, rogorc mRvimis, wiaRis (`dedamiwa~ ibrunebs Tavis pirmSos), aseve mTis (anu amaRlebis da zeswrafvis) saxis-metyvelebas...

kubo sikvdilis erT-erTi ganuyofeli atributia – dam-cavi garsi, Tavdapirveli CanafiqriT aRdgomis ideiT sim-bolizirebuli... rac Seexeba saflavis borcvs, is ganasaxi-erebda golgoTas, micvalebuli – `pirvel adamians~ (adams), saflavis jvari ki – àxal adams~ anu macxovars, romelmac Tavisi sisxliT gamoisyida adamianTa modgmis codva... (abzianiZe, elaSvili 2012: 56).

es absoluturi `mxatvruli siSiSvle~ qtonuri simbo-loebisa, sruli ganZarcva maTi tabuirebis fenomenisagan (magaliTisTvis, kubo – sasaxle...) da Tundac, adamianuri krZalva – ridi sikvdilisa, erTgvarad gamqralia, rogorc mis cxovrebaSi, aseve mis leqsebSi...

TavisTavad, pirdapiri ganacxadiT Semosuli sikvdili, saflavi, samare, cxedari, kubo, mkvdari, Savi miwa umetes leqsebSi sakuTari sabediswero impulisTa Tu sruli nega-tiuri, damTrgunavi aspeqtiTaa fesvgadgmuli, xolo iSvi-aTi gamonaklisis SemTxvevaSi, granelTan maTi ùxseneblo-bis~ SemTxvevaSic ki sikvdilis damzafravi saxeba Tanmdevia mkiTxvelisaTvis. amitomacaa sikvdilis miseuli mxatvruli ilustraciebi sruliad uCveulo da emociuri.

granelTan sikvdili dasvenebaa, sikvdili yovelwamieri molodinia, sikvdilTan SeCvevaa, sikvdilze fiqria fiqri fiqrTagani (miseuli fiqri Tu Ramis striqonebi), zogjer ki granelisaTvis dRec `Ramis zmanebaa~ da yovelwamieri garin-debac sikvdilis SegrZnebaa misTvis. sikvdili misTvis mis-

77

teriaa, gancdaa, aRelvebaa; sikvdilis literaturul ilus-traciasac qmnis poeti (`maradisobis laJvardebi~) – `vxedav sikvdilis yviTel mantias~; cvilisferi, sxivgamoclili yvi-Teli miusafrobisa da sruli Caferflis iluzias qmnis. `Se-mosili sikvdili~ sikvdilis ùxedvelobis~ emociasac erT-gvarad aqarwylebs, TumcaRa sikvdili mainc gardauvalia; maradiuli siSorea; amitomac granelTan sikvdilis miRebaa. sikvdilis uecari `gamoCinebaa~ da cocxlad yofnis Jamsac enTeba misTvis `sikvdilis miraJi~. sikvdili granelisaTvis ùfro axloa~, vidre sicocxle; sikvdilTan Tvalisgaswore-ba misTvis `yovelTvis TvalebSi mzeraa~; sikvdilTan axlos yofnis sixaruli ki `Ramis striqonebSia~ Sobili, oRond es gancda simartovis Jams Cndeba martooden. sikvdilTan dgo-mac sikvdilTan Serigeba – samarisebuli dumilis SegrZneba-caa; zogjer ki, iSviaTad...), granelisaTvisac `mZimea sikvdi-lis SiSi~ (...àse mZimea~)...

TumcaRa mainc sicocxlisagan gandgomaa misTvis um-Tavresi da Sesabamisad – `mTeli cxovreba sikvdilze fiqria~ (`fiqrebi siSoreze~ anda `vfiqrob sikvdilze~), cecxliviT mwveli da Semogragnili... da mxolod erT patara – usaTauro leqsSi gakrTeba wamier `sikvdilis esTetika~ (`qari ewvia~) – `qari ewvia yvavils / da me sikvdilTan vdgevar~; wuTisoflis wuTisoflobac (warmavloba) xom `yvavilTa velTa~ sadaria... TumcaRa Semdeg, – yvavis avbediTi gaelveba sikvdils mainc Semzaravs xdis.

da egeb amitomac, granelisaTvis `sikvdili sicocxleze metia~ (...`guli mtkiva~); rac Seexeba sikvdils, – es banaluri kanonzomiereba, anu cxovrebis avanscenidan safinalo gas-vla, misTvisac erTob `prozaulia~ – Jamis sasrulobaa; `da sikvdilia / poetis bolo...~

magram granelisaTvis sxvagvari bolo `maradiuli yo-fis~ uSfoTvelobaa Tu netar mdumarebaSi miZinebaa. rasac mowmoben granelisave gamocemul wignTa saxeldebanic: `pa-naSvidebi – 1920; `samgloviaro xazebi – 1921; `sulidan saf-lavebi~ – 1922; “Memento mori” (`gaxsovdes sikvdili~ – qviSis

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saaTis gamafrTxilebeli warwera...) – 1924 da bolos `leqse-bi~ – 1926.

da bunebrivia, rom poetisaTvis sikvdilis kvlav gaxseneba Tu sikvdilis sabediswero emociis gaRrmaveba, isev da isev, imqveyniuri samyaros Semacnobel sityvier gamosaxulebebs SeuZlia (iqneba es samare – saflavi; cxedari; kubo; mkvdari – micvalebuli...) da raoden gasakviric ar unda iyos isini simboluri diapazons ver iZenen. arada, graneli 1919 wels daweril erT literaturul werilSi (àxal samyaroSi~ – 1919 w.) werda, rom `simbolizmis jadosnuri cecxlis ali moedo Zvel Sablonur poezias... Cven ukve TeTri samosiT daviwyeT jiriTi iq, sadac izrdeba simbolizmis mwvane yvavilebi, Cven davtoveT sinamdvile, davgmeT Savi warsuli da axal fereb-Tan daviwyeT vrceli saubari... ar gvawuxebs sikvdilis SiSi. Cveni uaxoesi mizania SevqmnaR maradisoba da utexi sxeuliT mivegeboT yovelgvar saSinelebas. suli Cveni Cqaria da Se-ukavebeli~ (graneli 1979: 399)..

es iyo mxolod am werilSi – simbolizmTan miaxloebis mZa-fri emocia (misticizmis gavleniT...), magram mainc yovelwa-mieri – realuri SegrZnebebiT damuxtuli. amitomac mis Se-moqmedebaSi (rogorc zemodasaxelebul werilSi aRniSnavs) – ùtexi sxeuliT egebeba yovelgvar saSinelebas~.

albaT, es winapirobaa, rom qtonuri samyaros `rekvizi-tebi~ (Sesabamisad, misTvis `nekrofilur rekvizitebad~ qceuli) sawyisi – damzafravi energetikiT `celavs~ Tavad avtoris qvecnobiersa Tu cnobiers da mis SemoqmedebasTan pirispir aRmoCenilnic imqveyniuri samyaros èpataJuri gamoxmobis~ momswreni xdebian.

swored sakuTari qvecnobieridan amozrdili sikvdi-lis gausaZlisi SiSis labirinTSi gamomwyvdeuli terenti graneli sicocxles gaunapirda. poeti sikvdilTan araSe-satyvis distanciaze miaxloebis gziT da misi yovelwamieri xsenebis meSveobiT cdilobda imqveyniuri samyaros sabedis-wero xilvaTa `gacxadebasa~ Tu àmetyvelebas~...

graneli sikvdilTan am `Semzaravi tandemiTve~ sikvdils ufrTxoda, misgan Tavis daRweva surda, samgloviaro pro-

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cesebs adevnebuli Tu sasaflaoze moxetiale sakuTar sikvdils amarcxebda da sikvdilze `maRldeboda~...

es uCveulo cocxladyofna da, erTi SexedviT, sikvdil-Tan Tavdaviwyebuli swrafva, upirveles yovlisa sulis CaferflvaSi gamoixata da `Camqrali suliT~ kidev oTxi weli icxovra – fizikur aRsrulebamde.

damowmebani:

abzianiZe, elaSvili 2012: abzianiZe z., elaSvili q. simboloTa ilus-

tritebuli enciklopedia. t. II. Tbilisi: `bakmi~, 2012.

graneli 1979: graneli t. rCeuli. Tbilisi: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~,

1979.

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qeTevan enuqiZe

Eevfonia terenti granelis poeziaSi

evfonia literaturuli teqstis erT-erTi mniSvnelo-vani maxasiaTebelia. poeziaSi misi roli gansakuTrebulia im SemTxvevaSic, Tu poeti intensiurad mimarTavs da maSi-nac, Tu mizanmimarTulad uaryofs. nebismieri poetis Se-moqmedebaSi SegviZlia vnaxoT garkveuli evfoniuri eqs-perimenti – iqneba es rTuli fonetikuri konstruqciebi, Tu SedarebiT martivi – sariTmo wyvilebi. evfonias sxvadasxva poetTan sxvadasxva datvirTva aqvs. aRmosavleTis kulturis gavlenas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, qarTul poeziaSi misi roli kidev ufro TvalsaCinod da mkafiod gamoCndeba, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom daxvewili struqturis, metrikis da saleqso formebis mravalferovnebis xanaSi – XX saukunis dasawyisSi, misi erTferovani roli, gamoxatuli, ZiriTadad, erTi ti-pis bgerebis TanaJReradobiT, mniSvnelovnad SeizRuda. XX saukunis evfonia aRar mogvagonebs besikis epoqis alite-raciebsa da asonansebis saocar foierverkebs, Tumca mainc SeiZleba vimsjeloT mis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobaze. me-tic, versifikaciuli eqsperimentebi, romelTac mimarTav-dnen qarTveli poetebi, moicavda evfoniasac da amis araerTi saitereso magaliTi gvaqvs galaktionisa da `cisferyanwel-Ta~ poeziaSi.

sainteresoa, rogor aisaxa evfonia terenti granelis poeziaSi?

didi poeturi inovaciebisa da eqsperimentebis xanaSi moRvawe poetis lirikaSi Warbobs logaeduri 10-marcvledi da jvaredini riTma. versifikaciuli TvalsazrisiT, poetis leqsebi ar aris mravalferovani, Tumca aSkarad vxedavT garkveuli saleqso formebis virtuozulad gamoyenebis magaliTebs (ùZilo Rameebidan~, `Sens gaqcevas~, `cisferi sinaTle~ da a.S.). SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom formis maqsi-maluri sisadavis mizezi aris poetis Sinagani motivacia – maqsimalurad gaamaxvilos yuradReba Sinaarsze, ideaze,

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romelsac mkiTxvels warmoudgens. am niSniT is Zalian gans-xvavdeba am epoqis yvela novatori poetisagan. am tendenciis gaTvaliswinebiT ki, evfoniis kvlevac ar gvaZlevs masStabu-ri analizis saSualebas.

zogadad, unda aRiniSnos, rom evfoniuri efeqti miRwe-ulia ara mxolod aliteraciisa da asonansis, aramed konso-nansis xarjzec. konsonansur kontrasts ki qmnis ramdenime specifikuri jgufis dapirispireba: winanunismieri bgerebi/ukananaunismieri bgerebi; wyvilbagismieri bgerebi/ukanasa-sismieri bgerebi; fSvinvieri bgerebi/mkveTri bgerebi; bge-rebis specifikuri JReradoba Ria da daxurul marcvlebSi. calke aRniSvnas saWiroebs kbilbagismieri v, gansakuTrebiT, taepis/sityvis dasawyisSi. kontrasti udavod mniSvnelovani emociuri elferis momcveli elementia, Tumca, ra Tqma unda, harmoniuli Tanxmiereba ufro intensiurad gvxvdeba.

gamovkveToT ramdenime ZiriTadi tendencia, romlebic terenti granelis evfoniis analizisas iCens Tavs:

aliteraciis efeqts qmnis sariTmo wyvilebi:1. amwvanebuli/gawvalebuli;a)

nangrevebs/agrovebs;

Rrubeli/damRupveli.

(àRsareba quTaiss`)

locvebiT/ocnebiT.b)

(`rkalidan: kviris wirvebi~)

g) razebiT/ganabrazebi;

wvimaSi/winaSe.

(`firosmanaSvils~)

d) zaris/sizmari;

cxeni/mosawyeni.

(`Semodgoma mindvrebSi~)

aseT SemTxvevaSi, ra Tqma unda, gasaTvaliswinebelia war-moTqmis adgilis mixedviT erTgvarovani bgerebis Tavmoyra,

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rogor warmodgenilia bolo magaliTSi (c/w).amave dros, sruliad ar aqvs mniSvneloba riTmis

kategorias. aliteracia, romelic anaforebiT aris miRweuli:2. vici qariSxals ver davewevia)

vici, davrCebi bolomde bavSvi;

sadRac saflavis vardi ayvavda,b)

sadRac gulebi sikvdils elian.

(* * * `vici qariSxals ver davewevi~)

g) ra vqna, ira – Seni saxe mwamda,

ra vqna, ira – magondebi isev;

(ìras~)

d) Tu iciT Cemi avadmyofoba?

Tu iciT Cemi dapatimreba?

(`Cems debs~)

aseTi SemTxvevebi sakmaod xSiria, magram, iSviaTi gamo-naklisis garda, anafora leqsSi mxolod TiTojer gvxvdeba, Sesabamisad, es emociis aqcentirebis da yuradRebis gamZaf-rebis saSualebaa da ara evfoniuri efetis Seqmnis mcdelo-ba. aq moyvanili yvela magaliTi mowmobs, rom, gameorebuli pirveli sityvebis garda, bgeraTa erTgvarovani jgufebi, kontrasti da, miT umetes, identuri bgerebi ar gvxvdeba.

aliteracia cezuriT gayofil logaedur taepSi:3. da es tirili Sen mapatie;a)

(àRsareba quTaiss~)

mindorSi vwevar, vucqeri Reles.b)

(`Semodgoma mindvrebSi~)

am tipis evfonia naklebad gamoirCeva gamomsaxvelo-biT, radgan striqonSi cezuris win da cezuris Semdeg yve-laze mkafiod sxvadasxva tipis bgerebi ismis, xolo war-moTqmis adgilis mixedviT erTnairi bgerebi maSin ikveTeba, Tu mkveTria, fSvinvieri, an ramdenime kontrastuli bgera

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gvxvdeba erTad Tavmoyrili. specifikuri, mkafio JRerado-ba gamokveTs cezuras. terenti granelTan aseTi mizanmimar-Tuli ganlageba ar aris. sainteresoa erTi magaliTi:

sibere daeca / Cems survils / saSinels,

sixaruli dilis odesme iqneba,

sarkesTan sizmari viRacas aSinebs,

da wvimas uecars mosdevs dafiqreba.

(`kviris nislebi~)

am leqsSi, gansakuTrebiT, pirvel strofSi, udavod Cans poetis mcdeloba, gaamaxvilos yuradReba bgeraze s. pirveli sami taepi iwyeba am bgeriT, amasTan, mkafiod JRers ara mx-olod s, aramed sxva winanunismieri bgerebi – c, z, w. SeiZle-ba wvimis xmis imitirebas cdilobs, an konkretulad sityva `wvimis~ asociaciiT mohyavs am tipis sxva bgerebi. evfonias, rogorc viciT, am orive efeqtis misaRwevad mimarTaven.

aliteracia, romelic miRweulia konsonansiT: 4. aseTi tipis evfoniuri efeqti Zalian xSirad gvxvdeba.

ra saxiT SeiZleba gamovlindes aseT SemTxvevaSi evfonia?zogierTi forma aSkarad mizanmimarTulad aris SerCe-

uli, magram aris iseTi kategoriac, romelsac metyvelebis dros rame gansakuTebul simZafres ver vamCnevT, xolo po-etur teqstSi – metruli Tu ritmuli CarCoebis wyalobiT, specifikur JReradobas iZens.

magaliTad, striqonSi –

o, ufali damicavs kvireebis kecaze.

(`monologi udabnos yvavilebze~), –

winacezurul monakveTSi ori fSvinvieri bgeraa (f, c), xolo yvela danarCeni mJReria; meore monakveTSi ori mkveT-ri bgeraa (k, k) – aseve mJRerebis garemocvaSi. erTaderTi gamonaklisia c, romelic k-s gverdiT gvxvdeba. Tu am frazas warmovTqvamT leqsisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ritmis gareSe, misi JReradoba ar iqneba iseTi mkafio, rogoric im SemTxve-vaSi, Tu wavikiTxavTY leqsis metris (4 3 / 4 3) Sesabamisad.

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saintersoa calkeuli SemTxvevebi, romelTa klasifika-cia rTulia, radgan mxolod erTi tipis magaliTebis moZieba xerxdeba. magaliTad, leqsSi ̀ poezia~, romelic 6 katrenisgan Sedgeba, bgera t gamoyenebulia ramdenime sityvaSi –

wertili, guldasetyvili (I strofi), tirili (II strofi), planetebi (III strofi), talaxi (IV strofi), mtrebi (V strofi), wertili, guldasetyvili (VI strofi). Tu leqsis paToss gaviTvaliswinebT, es calkeuli sityve-

bi garkveul gasaRebs warmoadgens. bgera t-s aseTive rakursiT ganxilva SegviZlia leqsSi

`soneti~. aq gvxvdeba Semdegi sityvebi: tyeSi, hamleti, briliante-

bi, mxatvruli. t-ze yuradRebas vamaxvilebT ramdenime mizeziT: bgeris

specifikuri JReradoba, igi udavod gamoyofs nebismier si-tyvas, romelSic gvxvdeba, gansakuTrebiT, sxva Tanxmovan bgerebTan erTad da, rac aranakleb mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia – poetis saxeli terenti.

magaliTad, leqsSi `fiqrebi naZaladevSi~, bgera t gamo-yenebulia sam sityvaSi – davtove, mitovebuli, Citi. amave tipis mxolod erTi sityva – `Citi~, gvxvdeba leqsSi `gaza-fxulis saRamoa mSvidi~, romelSic, zemoT Tqmulis gaTva-liswinebiT, es mxatvruli saxe SeiZleba Tavad poetTan davakavSiroT.

igive SeiZleba vTqvaT leqsze `Citi~”:

mze isev gaCnda dRe ase midis. Dda uceb dajda miwaze Citi.vigoneb quCebs dRe ase midis.

dajda da uceb

gafrinda Citi.

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Tumca, rogorc aRvniSneT, es mxolod tipur SemTxveveb-Sia gamarTlebuli da yvela leqsis analizisTvis es tenden-cia ar gamodgeba.

sainteresoa konsonansi, romelic iqneba leqsSi ìdumali qali lenora~.

samive strofis pirvel sam taepSi erTmaneTs enacvleba mkveTri da fSvinvieri, ZiriTadad, winanunismieri bgerebis rigi, magram bolo taepebSi, romlebic meordeba, mxolod mJRer da narnara bgerebs vxvdebiT. erTaderTi gamonaklisia bgera q, romelic sxva bgerebis garemocvaSi kargavs specifi-kur JReradobas da ar qmnis disharmonias striqonSi:

mZime qarebi gareT kvnesian,

dRemde ocneba sivrce megona.

ra Zvirfasia es poezia

da idumali qali lenora.

zemoT CamoTvlili kategoriebis safuZvelze SegviZlia CamovayaliboT garkveuli mosazreba terenti granelis po-eziis evfoniis Sesaxeb.

terenti graneli, mistikosi poeti, romlis SemoqmedebaSi umTavresi adgili swored Sinagani samyaros, Rrma sulieri gancdebis gadmocemas ukavia, versifikacias ar uTmobs iseT gansakuTrebul yuradRebas, rogorsac am periodSi moRvawe qarTveli poetebi, Sesabamisad, evfonia mis lirikaSi aris ara mizanmimarTulad damuSavebuli elementi, romelsac originaluri formis gadmocemis mizniT, an gansakuTrebuli akustikuri efeqtis Sesaqmnelad mimarTavda, aramed poezi-is ganuyofeli nawili, romelic ar arsebobs misi leqsisgan, rogorc sruliad ganuyofeli arsisgan, damoukideblad.

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ana leTodiani

yviTeli feris gaazrebisaTvis terenti granelis

poeziaSi

„teqstis WeSmariti arsi yovelTvis ori cnobierebis, ori subieqtis zRvarze vlindeba“ (m. baxtini). mxatvruli nawar-moebi, rogorc erTgvari, potenciuri struqtura, „wakiTx-vis“, aRqmis, interpretaciis Sedegad realizdeba. litera-tura garkveul niSanTa sistemaa da recefciac swored im niSnebs unda emyarebodes, romlebic Tavad teqstSia moce-muli. mniSvnelovania, rogorc mTeli teqstis, aseve mis sxva-dasxva elementTa, niSanTa dekodireba. teqstis erT – erT aseT komponents warmoadgens feri, romelsac SeuZlia war-moSvas Tavisi „ena“ – kodi.

zogadad, ferebTan damokidebuleba, maTi mniSvneloba, romelime ferisaTvis upiratesobis miniWeba ganpirobebu-lia mravali faqtoriT: eris temperementiT, tradiciebiT, CveulebebiT, esTetikuri normebiT, religiuri msoflmxed-velobiT, bunebiT, individis xasiaTiT, socialuri statusiT, ganaTlebis doniT da a. S.

feri SeiZleba ganvixiloT: formaluri, semantikuri, sim-boluri, fsiqologiuri Tu sxva TvalsazrisiT.

ferma SeiZleba gamoiwvios gansxvavebuli grZnobebi: Zli-eri aRgzneba, simSvide, gulgriloba, sicivis an siTbos ganc-da, rac zemoqmedebs adamianis fiziologiasa da fsiqikaze.

ferTa xedvis obieqturi aspeqtebi Seiswavleba speqtra-lur – fizikuri optikis, xolo subieqturi, fiziologisa da fsiqologiis saSualebiT.

feri ar warmoadgens fsiqologiur cnebas. Tumca, fsi-qologia mas ganixilavs fsiqologiur fenomenad, Seiswav-lis mis aRqmas, zemoqmedebas adamianis fsiqikur qmedebaze, ferTa fsiqodiagnostikas da a.S.

miuxedavad materiis formisa da agebulebisa, feri zemoq-medebs mxedvelobiT aRqmaze, sulier ganwyobilebaze, emo-

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ciebze. SesaZloa, swored emociuri zemoqmedebis gamo mieni-Wa mas garkveuli simboluri datvirTva.

feris simbolikis ganviTarebis pirvel etapze igi, Ziri-Tadad, kosmologiuri mniSvnelobiT gaiazreboda (samyaro-seuli Zalebis, stiqiebis simbolos warmoadgenda), gviani an-tikuri periodidan renesansis epoqamde religiur, mistikur rakursSi (feri, naTeli RvTis atributia), renesansidan me-20 saukunis CaTvliT ki, umetesad, socialur – fsiqologiur WrilSi (am periodSi ferTa simbolika ZiriTadad warmoad-gens sazogadoebriv – politikuri, socialuri da individu-alur – fsiqologiuri procesebis gamovlinebas).

fers, rogorc gamosaxvis mravalfunqciur saSualebas, aqtiurad iyenebs xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargi, maT Soris, literaturac. azrobrivi Tu emociuri datvirTulobis TvalsazrisiT, fers gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs po-eziaSi. igi avtoris stils, samyaros aRqmis Taviseburebas, SemoqmedebiT individualobas gamoxatavs.

swored amitomaa saintereso sxvadasxva mwerlis Semoq-medebaSi gamoyenebul ferebze dakvirveba. am TvalsazrisiT, yuradRebas SevaCerebT terenti granelis poeziaze. mis leqsebSi ferTa simbolur datvirTvaze, maT fsiqologiuri aspeqtiT gaazrebaze, ZiriTadad, feris Sesaxeb: i. v. goeTes, v. kandinskis da m. luSeris Teoriebis* safuZvelze visa-ubrebT, Tumca, gaviTvaliswinebT sxva Sexedulebebsac.

terenti granelis poeziaSi sikvdilis, martoobis an ufro sworad, martosulobis Temebi dominirebs. amdenad, erTi SexedviT, TiTqos warmoudgenelic kia, ferTa gamom-saxvelobis is simdidre, ferTa imgvari palitra, rogorsac mis SemoqmedebaSi vxvdebiT. Savi/ukuni, TeTri/spetaki/ga-brwyinebuli, lurji, firuzisferi, ruxi, wiTeli, yviTeli/

* ferebis mniSvnelobaTa Sesaxeb mecnieruli refleqsia goeTes saxels ukav-Sirdeba (misi traqtati efuZneba feris “grZnobad – zneobrivi zemoqmedebis” Tezas. mogvianebiT, am, anu subieqtivisturi TvalsazrisiT ferebis kvleva ganagrZes mxatvrebma, i. itenma (igi yuradRebas amaxvilebda ferTa: eqspre-siul, impresiul, simbolur mniSvnelobebze) da v. kandinskim (is ikvlevda mayurebelze ferTa pirvelad da meoreuli zemoqmedebas, feris ideas). fer-Ta myari mniSvnelobebis Sesaxeb Teoria SeimuSava m. luSerma. man Seqmna fe-riTi arCevanis Sesaxeb cnobili meTodi.

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qarva, vardisferi, mwvane, iisferi, mtredisferi – is fere-bia, romelTac terenti graneli mimarTavs. zogadad, fere-bi da maTi gaazreba vrceli saubris Temaa, amitom amjerad, mxolod yviTel ferze SevaCerebT yuradRebas. vfiqrobT, Tundac mxolod yviTeli feris simbolur Tu fsiqologiur planSi/WrilSi gaanalizeba, terentis poeziis axali kuTxiT gaazrebis saSualebas mogvcems, radgan rogorc wesi, detali (am SemTxvevaSi, feri) is “gasaRebia”, romelic mxatvruli teqstis aRqmis SesaZleblobas gansazRvravs.

feri adamianis fsiqikur samyaroSi garkveul, specifi-kur cvlilebas iwvevs. misi aRqmisas miRebuli STabeWdilebis interpretaciisas warmoiSveba feriTi asociaciebi da sim-boloebi. feris zemoqmedeba adamianis fsiqikaze ukavSirde-ba ara mxolod mis emociebsa da xasiaTs, aramed SemecnebiT procesebs da upirveles yovlisa, – azrovnebas.

empiriuli dakvirvebebi adasturebs, rom sxvadasxva fe-riT garemoSi, adamians sxvadasxvagvarad „efiqreba“ (bazima: http://psyfactor.org/lib/colorpsy3.htm; nemikini: http://elib.altstu.ru/elib/books/Files/va2010_01_02/index.htm; ianSCini: http://colormind.narod.ru/Author.htm).

„Tbili“ (wiTeli, yviTeli, narinjisferi...) da „civi“ (mwvane, lurji, cisferi...) ferebi sxvadasxvagvarad aRiqme-ba, moqmedebs adamianis fsiqikaze, gansxvavebul emocias da ganwyobas iwvevs.

sainteresoa, zogadad, ras gamoxatavs yviTeli feri da ra datvirTviT gvxvdeba is granelTan.

simbolikis TvalsazrisiT, yviTeli erT – erTi yvelaze winaaRmdegobrivi feria. mniSvneloba aqvs, rogorc mis to-nalobas, aseve konteqsts. uZvelesi droidan, yviTeli, erTi mxriv, asocirdeboda: mzesTan, sinaTlesTan, sicocxlesTan, RvTaebriobasTan, sulierebasTan, didebasTan, oqros brwyin-valebasTan, simdidresTan, bednierebasTan, dResaswaulTan, TavisuflebasTan, zafxulTan, dResTan, moTminebasTan, originalurobasTan meore mxiv ki, mas negatiur konteqstSi aRiqvamdnen da aRelvebasTan, mwuxarebasTan, RalatTan, Se-modgomasTan (gayviTlebul foTlebTan), avadmyofobasTan,

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sikvdilis moaxloebasTan, imqveyniur samyarosTan akavSi-rebdnen (tresideri: http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Culture/JekTresidder/156.php; abzianiZe ... 2007: 80; niSanTa da simboloTa enciklopedia: http://www.znaki.chebnet.com/s10.php?id=671;

http://mironovacolor.org/theory/humans_and_color/symbolism; http://psyfactor.org/color.htm).

fsiqologiaSi yviTeli miCneulia tvinis da nervuli sis-temis mastimulireblad. igi dakavSirebulia: sixarulTan, siTbosTan, simSvidesTan, optimizmTan, yovelive kar-gis rwmenasTan, inteleqtTan aseve aumjobesebs mexsiere-bas, gamoxatavs adamianis moTxovnilebas Tavi daaRwios damTrgunvel mdgomareobas.

vinc yviTels aniWebs upiratesobas, gamoirCeva `gaxsni-lobiT~, cdilobs dasaxuli miznis miRwevas. aseTi adamianebi: Tavisuflebis siyvaruliT, TavdajerebulobiT, komunika-belurobiT, mxiarulebiT, cnobismoyvareobiT, xSir SemTx-vevaSi, SemoqmedebiTobis maRali doniT gamoiCevian. xandaxan yviTeli zedapirulobas, momavlis rwmenis arqonasac gamox-atavs. yviTeli feris gadaWarbeba ukuSedegs iwvevs. am dros tvini zedmetad aRigzneba. am feris didxans cqeram SeiZleba gadaRalos adamiani (http://magicofcolour.ru/znachenie-zheltogo-cveta).

goeTes SexedulebiT, yviTeli, ferTa im kategorias ga-nekuTvneba, romlebic adamianis sulier ganwyobilebaze da-debiTad moqmedebs, Tbil da sasiamovno emocias iwvevs, rad-gan naTelTan asocirdeba. yviTeli mxiarulebiT da momxib-vlelobiT gamoirCeva. mas goeTe `dabindul fers~ uwodebs. igi Tvalze axdens saocar zemoqmedebas. esaa, feri – energia. meore mxriv, ki, rogorc goeTe aRniSnavs, Tu yviTeli ar vlindeba sruli ZaliT, an romelime feris Serevis Sedegad `dabinZurda~ da civi tonalobisken gadaixara, Zalian mgrZno-biare xdeba da usiamovno STabeWdilebas tovebs. aseT dros, yviTlis cqeris Sedegad miRebuli mSvenieri STabeWdileba sircxvilis, zizRis da ukmayofilebis gancdiT icvleba (go-eTe: http://www.textlog.de/6814.html).

v. kandinskis Tanaxmad, yviTeli feri, mayurebelze ori-entirebuli feria, radgan centridan `moZraobs~ mayureb-

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lisken. goeTes msgavsad, kandinskic yviTeli feris àqtiur mxares~ ukavSirebs sixarulis, dResaswaulis, simdidris ideas. is aRniSnavs, rom yviTeli feri moqmedebs adamianis gonebriv mdgomareobaze (mag, wiTeli fizikur mdgomare-obaze moqmedebs). kandinski yviTlis negatiur mxarezec sa-ubrobs, gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqme exeba inten-siur an `civ~ yviTel fers. misi azriT, aseT dros, yviTeli uaryofiTad moqmedebs adamianis sulier ganwyobilebaze, aforiaqebs, aRagznebs mas. aseTi yviTlis cqera gausaZlisia adamianisaTvis. iqmneba STabeWdileba, TiTqos xmamaRla is-mis sayviris xma. kandinski am mdgomareobas adarebs sigiJes, SeSlilobas. fsiqiatriuli gamocdilebiT (mag., fsiqiatr e. t. mosses kvlevebi adasturebs amas), Zalian mkveTr yviTel fers upiratesobas aniWeben SizofreniiT daavadebulebi. xSirad am Seferilobis yviTeli feri asocirdeba yviril-Tan, giJur sicilTan (kandinski: http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Culture/Kandinsk/_Index.php; obuxovi: http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Psihol/Obuh_Sim/01.php). maqs luSerisaTvis mniS-vnelovania, romel fers aniWebs adamiani upiratesobas. misi azriT, es faqti aris fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis sazomi. igi miiCnevs, rom yviTeli yvelaze naTeli feria, amitomac misi zemoqmedeba msubuqia. is cocxali da mastimulirebeli feria. aqedan gamomdinare, yviTeli amaRlebs vegetatiur funqciebs: sisxlis wnevas, axSirebs pulss da sunTqvas, wiT-lis msgavsad, Tumca, gacilebiT labiluria. yviTlis mTava-ri Tviseba sinaTlesTan kavSiria, amitom igi aSuqebs naTels, uwonado mxiarulebas. sinaTle asocirdeba daubrkolebel gavrcelebasTan, amitom yviTeli, rogorc naTlis gamomxat-veli, dakavSirebulia gaTavisuflebasa da relaqsaciasTan. fsiqologiaSi gaTavisufleba mtanjveli simZimisgan gaTa-visuflebas aRniSnavs. Tu yviTeli aris ara pirvel adgilze, aramed, arCeulia me – 7 – e an me – 8 – e ferad (terentisTan gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT, pirvel adgilze namdvilad ar aris yviTeli feri), maSin am feris: sinaTle, aramateri-aluroba, simsubuqe aRiqmeba sicarieled da igi izolacias, imedgacruebas gamoxatavs. es ukanaskneli iwvevs metismet

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aRelvebas, amitom uaryofilia yviTlis Warbi sinaTle. zed-meti aRgzneba gamoixateba cud ganwyobilebaSi, undobloba-Si, gaborotebaSi, gaRizianebaSi. luSeris Tanaxmad, uaryofi-li yviTeli feri SesaZlebelia gawonaswordes sxva ferebiT. xSirad kompensaciisaTvis arCeven cisfers, rac miuTiTebs simSvidis aucileblobasa da misken miswrafebaze, mijaWvu-lobaze (terentisTan cisferi araerTgvarovani datvirT-viT, Tumca, sakmaod xSirad gamoiyeneba) (luSeri: http://www.aquarun.ru/psih/ct/ct5.html).

terenti granelTan ferebi umetesad sufTa saxiT gvxvde-ba. yvelaze xSirad poeti: TeTr, Sav, cisfer, lurj, wiTel, yviTel fers iyenebs.

zogadad, lirika adamianis da samyaros urTierTobis su-bieqtur asaxvas efuZneba Sigaxedvis poziciidan. amdenad, literaturis am gvarSi yvelaze metad vlindeba avtoris grZnobebi da emociebi. terenti granelis leqsebi gansakuT-rebiT gamoirCeva mZafri gancdebiT, emociebiTa Tu asoci-aciebiT. aseTive damokidebuleba vlindeba yviTel fer-Tan mimarTebiT. movixmobT ramdenime amonarids granelis leqsebidan:

kviris aisi landebSi axvevs

damsxvreukl kubos yviTeli feriT.

(graneli: 1920: 7)

me TandaTan vyviTldebi

da Cemi Tmac Zirs cviva.

dao, nu Sewuxdebi,

Tu wamebis Rirsi var.

(graneli:. 1921: 10)

Cemi saxe, rom yviTldeba, vxedav,

Soreuli yvavilebic xmebian.

samarisken acileben cxedars

da musikis mgloviare xmebia.

(graneli: 1922: 23)

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qaria mZlavri da saRamoa,

caze yviTeli Rrublebi rbian.

imas ar veli, is aRar mova.

imaze wuxel ar mifiqria.

mze daimala yviTeli feriT,

(arc es bedia qarze naklebi).

(graneli: 1922: 27)

axlac garSemo siCume rekavs,

rogorc qalwulis mZime godeba.

o, siyviTlea, siyviTle yvelgan,

da mec sikvdili miaxlovdeba.

(graneli: 1922: 44)

wamova wvima, qariSxali da mowyenil saflavze damayris yviTel

foTlebs (graneli: 1923: 50).

cota xnis Semdeg sisxlic gaSreba,

vxedav sikvdilis yviTel mantias.

(graneli: 1926: 96)

Cans fiqrebis darazmuli rigi,

da civia xeli, rogorc rkina.

yru foTlebis siyviTlea irgvliv,

da FfoTlebSi Semodgomas Zinavs...

(graneli: 135)

rogorc moxmobili striqonebidan Cans, terentisTan saerTod ugulebelyofilia yviTeli feris pozitiuri gaaz-reba (sicocxle, siTbo, sixaruli, bedniereba, energia, stim-uli, optimisturi ganwyoba). mas ZiriTadad, negatiuri dat-virTva aqvs. is SemodgomasTan (gayviTlebul foTlebTan) anu sicocxlis nel qrobasTan (zaza abzianiZe: http://mastsavlebeli.ge/?action=page&p_id=15&id=33), avadmyofobasTan, sevdian gan-wyobilebasTan, imedgacruebasTan, sikvdilis moaxloebas-Tan, sikvdilTan asocirdeba. es arcaa gasakviri, radgan mi-noruli ganwyoba da sikvdili ara mxolod misi lirikis, aseve cxovrebis laitmotivic iyo. aryofnis saSineleba (rogorc

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s. kirkegori ambobda), granelis TiTqmis yoveldRiuri sa-fiqrali da Cveuli mdgomareoba iyo. igi megobars, akaki an-driaSvils erT – erT werilSi swers, – `Zvirfaso megobaro, akaki! Savi wamebi mihqrian da me isev cocxali var, isev voc-nebob da isev vfiqrob aryofnaze~ (sakuTari Sinagani mdgo-mareobis, drosTan, sicocxlesTan damokidebulebis gamo-saxatad am SemTxvevaSic mimarTavs fers (Savi). sainteresoa aseve, terenti granelze nika agiaSvilis mogoneba. movixmobT mcire pasaJs. nika agiaSvili ixsenebs, rom 20-iani wlebis da-sawyisSi, gviani Semodgomis erT, civ, qarian saRamos marja-niSvilis quCaze modioda. `TeTri saydris~ ukan, `patara sa-JamnesTan, qaryinvaSi, xis Ziras mxarTeZoze arxeinad wamo-wololi terenti graneli dainaxa. poeti TavSiSveli iyo, se-zonisTvis Seuferebeli `raRac Cinuris msgavsi~ tansacmeli da fexsacmeli ecva. marTalia, nika agiaSvils kargad ar ic-nobda, magram mainc dauZaxa. nikam raRac moimizeza da wasvla daapira, am dros granelma“ saydris lafaroSi Cayrili xmel-xmeli foTlebi amokrifa peSvi aavso, rkinis mesers miadga da nika agiaSvils gauwoda. rogorc mogonebis avtori aRniSnavs. am dros terenti “mis iqiT iyureboda anTebuli TvalebiT da naRvliani laparakobda: `–ai, es yviTel – yviTeli foTlebi viyavi me. tifiT avad gavxdi da am bJolis foTlebs davems-gavse. ase gavyviTldi da Zirs damyara qariSxalma, axla aqa var, modi mwvaneze wamoweq@!~ (http://tgraneli.tumblr.com/mogonebebi).

moxmobili amonaridebidan Cans, rom terentisaTvis feri ara mxolod poeziaSi, aramed, zogadad warmoadgenda: emo-ciuri atmosferos Seqmnis saSualebas, azrovnebis stils, samyaros xedvis Taviseburebas.

dasasrul gavixseneb, iaponuri pedagogikis erTgvari formulis saxiT Camoyalibebul erT – erTi ZiriTad mizans `harmonia ferSi – harmonia sulSi – harmonia cxovrebaSi~. terenti granelTan mimarTebiT es gamonaTqvami SeiZleba piruku wavikiTxoT. mas ar hqonia harmonia cxovrebaSi, arc sulSi, Sesabamisad, arc ferTan misi damokidebuleba iyo harmoniuli.

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damowmebani:


trirebuli enciklopedia. t. II. Tbilisi: „bakmi“, 2007.

bazima: Базыма. Б. А. Цвет и Психика: http://psyfactor.org/lib/colorpsy3.htmgoeTe: Goethe J. W. Zur Farbenlehre : http://www.textlog.de/6814.htmlgraneli 1992: graneli t. lirika. Tbilisi: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~,

1992.

ianiSini: Яньшин П. В. http://colormind.narod.ru/_private/YanshinAutoref.htm: http://colormind.narod.ru/Author.htm;

kandinski: Кандинский В. О духовном в искусстве: http://www.gumer.info/bib-liotek_Buks/Culture/Kandinsk/_Index.php

luSeri: Люшер М. Оценка личности посредством выбора цвета: http://www.aquarun.ru/psih/ct/ct5.html

enciklopedia: niSanTa da simboloTa enciklopedia: http://www.znaki.chebnet.com/s10.php?id=671;

nemikini: Немыкин В. В. Символика цвета: http://elib.altstu.ru/elib/books/Files/va2010_01_02/index.htm;

obuxovi: Обухов Я.Л. Символика цвета: http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Psihol/Obuh_Sim/;

tresideri 1999: Тресиддер Д. Словарь символов. Москва: 1999. http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Culture/JekTresidder/156.php;

http://magicofcolour.ru/znachenie-zheltogo-cveta;http://mastsavlebeli.ge/?action=page&p_id=15&id=33http://mironovacolor.org/theory/humans_and_color/symbolismhttp://psyfactor.org/color.htm; http://tgraneli.tumblr.com/mogonebebi

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Ggela mamforia

variantebi da Tematuri variaciebi

(terenti granelis xelnawerTa mixedviT)

terenti granelma (kvirkvelia) sicocxleSi ramdenime momcro krebulis gamocema moaswro. esenia: `panaSvidebi” (1920 w.), `samgloviaro xazebi~ (1921 w.), `sulidan saflavebi~ (1922 w.) , `memento mori~ (1924 w. ) `leqsebi~ (1926 w.); `memento morisa~ da `leqsebis~ bolo gverdze dabeWdilia sareklamo cnoba imis Taobaze, rom terenti granels gamosacemad mzad hqonia leqsebis sami krebuli `poezia planetebis~, `maradi-sobis laJvardebi~ da `rCeuli~. aRniSnuli dasaxelebis wig-nebi poetis sicocxleSi ar dabeWdila da aravin uwyis, ra bedi ewia maT. isini dRemde dakargulad iTvleba.

poetis gardacvalebidan 13 wlis Semdeg – 1947 wels, mis-ma dam mariam (maSo) kvirkveliam saqarTvelos literaturis muzeums gadasca granelis xelnawerebi. swored es saarqivo masala udevs safuZvlad elizbar ubilavas mier 1961 wlis gamocemasa da leri alimonakis didi rudunebis Sedegad gamoqveynebul krebulebs 1972, 1979, 1991, 1997 wlebSi.

poetis xelnawerTa moZiebis, gamocemisa da Targmnis TvalsazrisiT, cota Sroma rodia gaweuli, magram terenti granelis Semoqmedeba uTuod imsaxurebs srulyofil gamo-cemas. am mimarTulebiT sakvlevi da saZiebeli bevria. erTi aseTi mniSvnelovani ubania poetis dRemde gamouqveynebeli (aseve dabeWdili) leqsebis xelnawerTa sistemaSi moyvanis, maTi publikaciisa da mecnieruli Seswavlis sakiTxi.

giorgi leoniZis saxelobis qarTuli literaturis muzeumSi terenti granelis xelnawerTa fondze muSaobi-sas Cven poetis sakmao raodenobis gamouqveynebeli leqsi davafiqsireT. aqve gvinda xazi gavusvaT am leqsebis sti-lur da versifikaciul Taviseburebebs: a) gamouqveynebeli leqsebis umetesi nawili dawerilia xuTmarcvliani sazomiT; b) miaxloebiT mainc dasadgenia leqsebis qronologia. po-etis leqsebi, gamonaklisis garda, uTariRoa. migvaCnia, rom

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gamouqveynebeli leqsebi poetis avadmyofobis periods un-da ekuTvnodes (1928-1934 ww.). amas gvafiqrebinebs is faqti, rom leqsebSi SeimCneva SemoqmedebiTi energiis Senelebis procesi, mxatvrul saxeTa xSiri ganmeoreba, Tematuri erTf-erovnebis saSiSroeba. rogorc Cans, sneul poets ar yofnida Zala novatoruli ZiebisaTvis, magram am periodSi dawerili leqsebi mainc sayuradReboa. maTSi met-naklebad airekla po-etis daRlili, magram daucxromeli sulis borgva. terenti granelma SemoqmedebiTi biografiis yvelaze mZime momentSic daamtkica `poeziis religiisadmi~ uryevi erTguleba. poetis sityvebi: `da var TiTqmis yovelTvis ganwyobili leqsisTvis~ Taviseburad gardaisaxa , SeiZleba iTqvas, saocrebis axal landebad gacxadda avadmyofuri konvulsiebiT gawamebul mis sulier sivrceSi.

g) gamouqveynebeli leqsebis umetesi nawili eZRvneba poe-tis mamas. aseve mravali leqsi eZRvneba vinme lena riad-novas, lena genzinas, lena gogkinas, maTi vinaoba CvenTvis ucnobia.

d) gamouqveynebeli leqsebis stilur – versifikaciuli Tavisebureba isicaa, rom TiTqmis yvela maTgani erTnairi formiTaa dawerili. kerZod, terenti graneli xSirad mimar-Tavs strofSi striqonebis Sebrunebas, erTi strofis gaore-bas. magaliTad:

Cemi wameba,Cemi sofeli.sevda gamefdaSeucnobeli.

sevda gamefda Seucnobeli.Cemi wameba,Cemi sofeli.

leqsis am formas pirobiTad SeiZleba vuwodoT orstro-fiani, radgan igi miRebulia erTi strofis gaorebis, strof-Si striqonTa Sebrunebis Sedegad. isini xuTmarcvliani sazo-miTaa dawerili. upriania, strofis am originalur saxeobas ewodos granelis strofi.

unda SevniSnoT, rom zogadad terenti granelis gamoq-veynebuli da gamouqveynebeli leqsebis stilur – versifika-ciuli klasifikacia xelnawerTa mixedviT ori mimarTule-biT xerxdeba. pirveli, esaa: erTi leqsis ramdenime varianti da meore: erTi leqsis ramdenime Tematuri variacia.

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terenti granelis xelnawerebSi leqsis variantebisa da Tematuri variaciebis uamravi magaliTi fiqsirdeba. Sevec-debiT, granelis xelnawerebis mixedviT ganvmartoT, ra aris leqsis varianti da ras niSnavs leqsis Tematuri variacia.

leqsis variantad SeiZleba miviCnioT teqstologiuri cvlilebebi (Tundac umniSvnelo) calkeul taepebSi, strof-Si an mTlianad leqsSi. leqsis variantia, aseve riTmis Canac-vlebis, mxatvruli saxis modelirebis nimuSebi. TvalsaCino-ebisaTvis ganvixiloT terenti granelis erTi leqsis eqvsi gansxvavebuli xelnaweri varianti. eqvsive variantis saTa-uria `sikvdili~. dawerili xuTmarcvliani sazomiT da stro-fis gaorebis formiT. teqstologiuri cvlilebebi leqsis variantebSi TiTqmis umniSvneloa, magram TiToeuli cvli-leba azris, STabeWdilebis gaZlierebis mizniT keTdeba.

I varianti: sikvdili modis da meSinia.es gulis SfoTiricxvi xSiria.

es gulis SfoTiricxvi xSiria.sikvdili modis da meSinia.

II varianti: sikvdili modis

da meSinia.es wminda SfoTifiqri xSiria.

es wminda SfoTifiqri xSiria.sikvdili modisda meSinia.

III varianti: sikvdili modisfoTlebi darCa.sicocxle SfoTi,sxeuli ar Cans.

sicocxle foTi,sxeuli ar Cans.sikvdili modisfoTlebi darCa.

IV varianti: sikvdili modis

saRamo darCa.sicocxle SfoTi,foTlebi – farCa.

sicocxle foTi,foTlebi – farCa.sikvdili modissaRamo darCa.

moxmobili leqsis I da II xelnawer variantSi Secvlilia

mxolod TiTo sityva. kerZod, mesame da meoTxe taepSi: ès gu-lis SfoTi, ricxvi xSiria~, Canacvlebuilia taepiT: ès wmin-da SfoTi fiqri xSiria~, xelnaweris III variantSi Cndeba axali taepi: `sikvdili modis foTlebi darCa~. koreqtirebulia III

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da IV variantis bolo taepebi. III variantis meoTxe `sxeuli ar Cans~. IV variantSi Secvlilia `foTlebi – farCa~.

sanimuSod moxmobili leqsis V da V I varianti Tematurad wina variantebis gagrZelebaa. maTSic mcire cvlilebebia Setanili poeturi stilistikis TvalsazrisiT:

V varianti: sicocxle kmara, sikvdili mjera.sikvdili marad foTlebis bgera

sikvdili maradfoTlebis bgerasicocxle kmarasikvdili mjera.

VI varianti: sicocxle kmara,

sikvdili mjera.sicocxle maradsikvdilis bgera.

sicocxle maradsikvdilis bgera.sicocxle kmara,sikvdili mjera.

am variantebSi aqcenti keTdeba mesame da meoTxe taepeb-ze. V variantis taepebs: `sikvdili marad foTlebis bgera~ VI variantSi enacvleba: `sicocxle marad sikvdilis bgera~.

Cven mier dafiqsirebuli teqstologiuri sxvaobebi er-Ti leqsis ramdenime variantis, konkretul SemTxvevaSi eqvsi variantis nimuSia.

terenti granelis xelnawerTa fondSi gvxdeba leqseb-is cikli aseTi saTauriT `ramodenime leqsi Tovlze~. masSi oTxi leqsia gaerTianebuli da rogorc saTauri gvamcnobs, isini Tovlis Temaze Seqmnili. oTxive leqsis metri (Svid-marcvliani sazomi) da ritmi erTnairia, magram gansxvave-bulia leqsebSi dafiqsirebuli dro. pirvel leqsSi dRis STabeWdileba ikveTeba, meore leqsSi Ramis xilvebi domini-rebs, mesame leqsSi dilis poeturi reminiscenciebia, meoTxe leqsSi dro ganusazRvrelia. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom oTxive leqsi drois lokalur monakveTSia Seqmnili da isini 24-saaTiani ciklis poeturi matiane unda iyos.

gansxvavebulia oTxive leqsSi erTi da imave poeturi sag-nis `Tovlis~ metaforuli datvirTva da mniSvneloba.

pirvel leqsSi `Tovli~ daRlis, Cumi kvdomis metaforu-li gaazrebaa:

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ra vqna, me Tovli mRalavs,poets isedac moRlils.Tovli ecema qalaqs,ismis Sriali Tovlis.

es fiqri isev elavs,fiqri gaivlis qarebs.aTovs saflavebs nela,aTovs mimaval qalebs.

meore leqsSi ̀ Tovli~ ganuwyveteli fiqris, gansjis mxat-vruli metaforaa. swored aq Cndeba uaRresad originaluri Sedareba – metafora:

dRes mixaria Rame,

maRla zecisken mivqri.

da Tovliani Rame

da Tovliani fiqri.

mesame leqsSi `Tovli~ qmnis imediani ganwyobis metafo-ras. Rameuli gansjis, fiqris, Tovliani fiqris fonze poets sicocxlis xalisi ubrundeba

ukve gaTenda dila,gaqren wamebi glovis.aseTi dRea, Tbilada simSvidea Tovlis.

kmara amdeni cremli, kmara, ar minda meti.modis nugeSi Cemi,rogorc cisferi mtredi.

`cisferi mtredi~ imedis, nugeSis metaforuli gaazrebaa. meoTxe leqsSi `Tovli~ mosvenebisa da romantikuli mo-

natrebis metaforuli imitaciaa:

rogorc gafrena mtredis, Sen mosveneba ginda Tovli – aseTi TeTri, Tovli – aseTi wminda.

da rogorc sulis toli,sada xar! dResac geZeb.abreSumiviT Tovliisev elvarebs mzeze.

am da kidev sxva mravali mxatvruli komponentis gaTva-liswinebiT, terenti granelis Cven mier moxmobili cikli, masSi Sesuli oTxi leqsiT, aris ara erTi leqsis ramdenime varianti, aramed, ramdenime Tematuri variacia.

damowmebani:

giorgi leoniZis saxelobis qarTuli literaturis muzeumi. terenti

granelis xelnawerTa fondi, 18077- 6.

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irine maniJaSvili

siCumis esTetika terenti granelis poeziaSi

terenti granelis Semoqmedeba didi xania mkvlevarTa dainteresebas iwvevs da bevric daiwera mis Sesaxeb, magram is mainc rCeba bolomde Seucnobel poetad. Ggraneli sruliad gancalkevebiT dgas misi Tanamedrove poetebisa Tu moduri literaturuli izmebisgan. Mmas SeiZleba poeti-asketic vu-wodoT, rogorc sulierad, ise – fizikurad; gaucxoebuli, ganmartoebuli sazogadoebisgan. Tumca, hqonda aRiarebac, siyvaruli, popularobis piki (1922-1926), magram TviTon ga-eqca yvelas da yvelafers raRac idumali, Seucnobeli mesame gzis ZiebaSi. Mmisi portretisTvis es erTi frazac sakmarisia: àra sicocxle, ara sikvdili, aramed raRac sxva...~ (graneli 1991: 6).

terenti granelis pirovnuli tragedia mTeli simZaf-riT gaJRerda mis leqsebSi, poetur aRsarebaSi. Mmoxetiale poetis ucnauroba da miusafroba artistuli poza ar iyo (rac maSin moduric ki iyo). is rasac ganicdida mTeli siRr-miT, gulwrfeli aRsarebasaviT gadmohqonda Tavis leqseb-Si. Ggranelisgan ganuyofelia sevdis, simartovis, tkivilis, sikvdilis, siCumis fenomeni. `me imdenad SeveCvie sevdas, yve-la leqsi cremliT damisvelda~ (graneli 1991).

siCumis intims yvela epoqaSi Taviseburi ena, Taviseburi esTetika aqvs. siCume, dumili araraoba rodia. dumiliT TiTqos uxmaurobas SeigrZnobs adamiani. revaz siraZe `sa-xismetyvelebaSi~ ganmartavs: `yvelgan Taviseburi dumilia. Aarsebobs zRvis dumili, romelic gulisxmobs rom Sewyda talRis xmauri da arsebobs myudroeba sasaflaosi, romelic cxovrebis xmis gaqrobas moaswavebs... amdenad, dumilis es-Tetika amaRlebulis esTetikaa, romelic STagonebas iwvevs. isaa idumalebismieri Stagoneba~ (siraZe 2002:141).

granelisTvis siCume, dumili, garindeba mudmivi Tan-mdevia. TiTqosda zeciur dumils iyo dauflebuli, miel-tvoda siCumesTan erTad marto darCenas, rac SeuZlebeli

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iyo am xmaurian samyaroSi. Mmis poetur aRsarebaSi `sikvdi-lis Semdeg~ araerTgzis aris xazgasmuli, Tu raoden sisx-lxorceuli da ganuyrelia misTvis siCumis fenomeni: `me da siCume davrCebiT marto... naTeliviT Tavze damadgeba Cemi ganuyreli da – siCume... da Cemi samaris samudamo daraji iqneba Cemi unazesi da – siCume...~ (graneli 1990:4-6) cnobilia, misi gansakuTrebuli da faqizi damokidebuleba debisadmi. Aamitom yvelaze Zvirfasi vinc gaaCnda am qveyanaze, siCumes adarebda: `siCume mudam Cemi da iyo, da grigals unda guli waiRos~ (graneli 1991: 36). `codvil dasaviT migaCnda albaT, siCume TeTri da uwmindesi~ (graneli 1991:177). Kkidev araerTi magaliTis moyvana SeiZleba.

Lleri alimonaki marTebulad SeniSnavs: `dumili javSani iyo misTvis, nivTieri yofis Semotevebisgan rom icavda mis suls, mudam erTgul darajad rom edga gverdiT da mxolod imas atarebda mis arsebaSi, raRac diadTan da zeciurTan rom akavSirebda...~ (alimonaki 1990:153).

Aara marto mas, aramed mTel samyaros icavda mdumareba:

mdumareba mTel samyaros icavs,

sadRac kentad Caiara vaJma.

Mme ocnebiT movSordebi miwas

Gguli igrZnobs maradiul laJvards.

(graneli 1991:121)

Tu gadavxedavT Qqristianul kulturasa da mwerlobas, vnaxavT, rom dumilis metafora yovelTvis Rrma azris ma-tarebelia. iobis wigni gviqadagebs: ìyavn Tqvenda dumili~, vinaidan `keTil ars igi, rameTu dedai ars sibrZnisa suli-erisai~ (iobi 13,13). `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi~ dumili rCeul oqrosTanaa gaigivebuli: àw sulelni sibrZnismety-veleben, xolo Tvissa da brZenTa qmnes dumili. ver gulis-xma-yves, viTarmed brZnadmetyvelebai vercxli ars wmindai, xolo dumili oqroi rCeul~ (merCule 1987: 524). solomon brZenis am sityvebiT iwyebs giorgi merCule `grigol xanZ-Telis cxovrebas~. ès mxolod imas ki ar niSnavs, rom Tqmas araTqma sjobs. Aara, aq ufro Rrma azria. yovelTvis isaa uf-

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ro mniSvnelovani, rac ver gamoiTqmis. rasac ena ver swvdeba~ (siraZe 2002: 143).

ioane petriwi Semdegnairad imeorebs am sibrZnes: `dum-va umjobes ars metyvelebisa, keTilisac Tu iyos, vinaiTgan cdoma Seudges metyuelebasa, xolo dumilsa ara arcxuens yovladve~ (wiTaSvili 2004:15).

wminda mamebi xSirad mimarTavdnen dumils, rogorc sru-lyofilebasTan miaxloebis erT-erT saSualebas. marTlma-didebel berTa moRvaweobis erT-erTi saxe dumilis aRTqma da sulieri locvaa.

terenti granelisTvis dumili cxovrebis sagani da we-sia, ùdidesi grZnobis niSania~: “Cemi cxovrebis sagani gaxda glova, dumili da gawvaleba~ (graneli 1991: 26). Ppoeti dumi-lis saSualebiT cdilobs miwieri xmauridan Tavis daRwevas, siCumiT faravs sulier tkivilebs:

idga saRamo, vgrZnobdi tkivilebs,

Dda Cems dumilSi dro gadioda.

(graneli 1990:16)

revaz siraZis azriT, `rac ufro didia dumili droiTac da sivrciTac, miT ufro metia Zala misi STagonebisa. STago-nebas yovelTvis dumili ki ar iwvevs, piriqiT, STagoneba TviT iTxovs dumils, sulier myudroebas~ (siraZe 2002:142).

terenti granelTan xSirad vxvdebiT garindebas, misti-kur yurisgdebas, gonebisa da gulis mimarTvas uflisaken. garindebiTa da Sinagani rwmeniT adamiani sakuTari sicocx-lis ritms grZnobs. Aam dros SesaZlebelia gancda imisa, rom is sayovelTao sicocxlis nawilia. Tumca, poets hqonda su-lieri krizisis xangrZlivi periodebi da mcdeloba misi har-moniasTan, absolutur WeSmaritebasTan ziarebisa kraxiT mTavrdeboda, magram swamda, rom gamouTqmelia ufali da gamouTqmelia is grZnobac, romelic adamians masTan aaxlo-ebs. Ggraneli uaRresad morwmune poetia. Ziebis sawyis etap-ze nicSesTan eZiebda TavSesafars, magram naTlad dainaxa misi poeziis ususureba. Mman sZlia am cdunebas da codvaze amaRlda locviT, tanjvaTa daTmeniT... misi poezia am brZo-

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lis mxatvruli matianea. `granelma SeZlo Tavi daeRwia nic-Seanelobis sneulebisagan, moeSorebina igi rogorc zedmeti tkivili da miaxloeboda nugeSinismcemel ufals. Ppoeti “uZ-Rebi Svilis” msgavsad daubrunda mamis wiaRs...~ (wiTaSvili 2004:118). Aamis dadasturebaa misi erT-erTi usaTauro leqsi, romelic 1926 wels gamocemul leqsebis krebulSi Sevida. Aaq ukve kargad Cans, rom poets daZleuli aqvs sulieri krizisi da aRdgenilia Sinagani wonasworoba. Tavisi gulis sisxliT, poeziiT, uflisken saval WeSmaritebis gzaze dgas:

maRalo cao! isev Sen gimzer,

iq ucxo mxareSi albaT momelian.

Zvirfaso! vdgavar gzajvaredinze,

Dda vici Cemi gza exla romelia.

isev aqa var, Tumca var iqac,

dDa leqsi – gulia, da leqsi – sisxlia.

sxvagvar dumiliT vusmen musikas,

da exla sikvdili ase advilia.

(graneli 1990: 20)

`sxvagvari dumiliT~ musikis mosmena mxolod granels SeeZlo. `musika dumilSi nagrZnobi harmoniis axmianebaa. Ppoezia gamJRavnebaa dumilTan Seurigebeli Semoqmedi su-lisa, romelic dumils imitom arRvevs, rom misi arseboba SegvagrZnobinos~ (siraZe 2002:144). granelis poezia swored amis dadasturebaa. is TiTqos imisTvis arRvevs dumils, rom misi esTetika gvagrZnobinos. garindebaSi amyarebda kavSirs maradiul qveyanasTan, im sofelTan, ivseboda RvTaebrivi naTliT da aseT wuTebSi daZleuli hqonda sikvdilis SiSic.

Ppoetis dumiliT tkboba da siCumis aseTi mZafri aRqma, ra Tqma unda, ar niSnavs saTqmelis arqonas, piriqiT – didi saTqmelis arTqmas. terenti granelTan dumili zogjer mwu-xarebas moaqvs:

iyo silurje Cemi mxlebeli

Dda mwuxareba dumils isvrida.

(graneli 1991: 66)

104

zogjer ki simSvide, romantikuli Ramea dumilis winapi-roba da didi saTqmeli siCumeSi ukeTesad ganicdeba:

rogorc saRamos locva, dadgeba mTaze nisli.

Mmiyvars RameSi, roca foTlis Sriali ismis.

maSin veZlevi dumils, qveynis gaCena mikvirs.

isev Ramea Cumi, mesmis tirili skripkis.

(graneli 1991:10)

granelTan saRamo, Cumi Rame `sevdis niSania~ da xSirad mas ukavSirdeba dumili da garindeba: `da mova Rame – sevdis niSani, isev dumilis wami gamefda~ (graneli 1991: 22. an kidev:

nela mival, siCumea irgvliv,

Nnela mival, saRamoa, grila:

sadRac axla ibadeba fiqri,

sadRac axla inisleba dila.

(graneli 1991: 24)

srul myudroebasa da garindebaSi, sakuTar TavTan mar-to darCenili ufro metad inTeba dardiTa da mwuxarebiT:

Ramea, cecxli ufro inTeba,

Ees dumilia da garindeba.

(graneli 1991: 210)

zogjer mouvlis brZolis Jini da surs, daarRvios es siCume:

kmara siCume, qariSxals velidRes gulSi leqsi davabinave.Ramea Cumi, Ramea vrceli,Dda varskvlavebi caze brwyinaven.

(graneli 1991: 34)

granelTan dumili uxilavi kavSiria zecasTan, ufalTan; ltolvaa maradiuli siCumisken:

iyo siCume, sami wertili,

mas Semdeg bevri xani gavida.

105

Aaxla Sors elavs ca mowmendili

Dda mixmobs qriste me varskvlavidan.

(graneli 1991: 35)Ppoetis sayvareli ferebia TeTri da lurji. siCume mis-

Tvis ufri TeTria, spetaki:

nela mivdivar da baRis iqiT

sivrce TeTria da mdumaria.

raRac sxvagvari yru saRamoa,

an ranairi Cumi sivrcea.

(Ggraneli 1991: 36)

an kidev: àm maRlobze velodi qristes gamocxadebas, me-re TeTrma siCumem is imedi waiRo~ (graneli 1991: 46); òTax-Si TeTri siCume dadis, siCume dadis, rogorc princesa~ (graneli 1991:182).

poetma imxela sivrce Seqmna siCumisTvis, rom misi cxov-reba mTlianad moicva dumiliT fiqrma:

Cemi cxovrebis sagani gaxda

Gglova, dumili da gawvaleba.

(graneli 1991: 26)

Aamave leqsSi (`cixis elegia~) aRiarebs poeti: `da siCume-Si dafarulia Cemi simarTle da saTnoeba~ (graneli 1991: 27).

rogorc aRvniSneT, granelis poeziaSi siCumis sxvada-sxvagvari SegrZnebaa. siCumis mosmena mxolod simartoveSia SesaZlebeli, amitomac mieltvis sul ganmartoebas... `da me-natreba iseTi mxare, sadac dumili da simSvidea~ (graneli 1991: 35). terenti granels uWirda iseT gaukuRmarTebul sa-zogadoebaSi yofna, sadac cxovreba RmerTis gareSe iyo, sa-dac cxovreba `koriantelad~ iqca. aseTi yofna aTqmevinebda, albaT: `minda movSorde yvelas, minda wavide sadme~ (graneli 1991: 200). mZime iyo poetisTvis bolSevikur saqarTveloSi cxovreba. leqsebiT gamoxatavda mwvave protests:


Uufskrulia da Sen marto hkivi.

106

Mme mafiqrebs saqarTvelos bedi,

Mme ganvicdi Cems samSoblos tkivils.

(graneli 1991:93)

misTvis aseTi samSoblo mkvdari iyo:

kvdeba es mdelo, da es qaria.

Dda saqarTvelo axla mkvdaria.

(graneli 1991:169)

simboluria poetisTvis dadumebuli saydris zari. Aamave leqsSi saocari sizustiT aris gadmocemuli da gancdili codvaSi myofi samSoblos suraTi:

miwas adgia ca garindebiT

Dda es qveyana TiTqos yuTia.

...........................

Ddadumebuli kidia zari,

Dda TiTqo zari saydris gulia.

(graneli 1990: 31)

mlocveliviT idga uflis winaSe da moeloda droebis Secvlas:

vdgavar qveynis win, rogorc mlocveli,

viTmen wamebas, sxvagvar dros veli.

(graneli 1990: 181)

granelisTvis swored amitom iyo siCume mTavari saunje. Mmisi saSualebiT amyarebda kavSirs uzenaesTan; dumiliT gan-icdida, dumiliT fiqrobda, dumiliT itanda ama soflis si-sastikes. siCumiT upirispirdeboda mSfoTvare yofierebas da Tanac uxaroda es siCume da simartove:

Cemi suli sizmaria, bedze dardi mivatove.

Dda me ase mixaria, siCume da simartove.

Aase amTavrebs leqss:

`da mgonia yvelaferi siCume da simartove...

(graneli 1990: 108)

107

terenti graneli dumilSi SeigrZnobda bunebis sidia-desa da simSvenieres. is mieltvoda bunebasTan TanakavSirs, Tanaziarobas. Ppoeti Sinagani mzeriT umzerda bunebas. Aami-tomac siCumis sivrcidan gagonili bgerebi mravalxmiania: mas esmis rogorc mitovebuli baRis siCume (`da exla siCumea mitovebuli baRis..~ graneli 1990:27), ise – Rrubliani dRis mdumareba (ìyo Rrublian dRis mdumareba da molodini maRal naZvebis~, iqve:16); uyvars dilis garindebaSi baRSi xetiali... grZnobs rogorc vardis dumils(“jer kidev Zala Semwevs, vigrZno dumili vardis~. iqve:18), ise garindebuli naZvebis sevdas (`TiTqos viRacas elis garindebuli naZvi~, graneli 1991:120); soflis demonur siCumes (`sofels siCumis demoni icavs...~ graneli 1990:17), Tu vel-mindvrebis idumal gayuCebas: ò, es guli, isev guli mtkiva, siCumea usicocx-lo velebis~ (graneli 1991:101), an ìrgvliv Cumi mindvrebi, miyveba Saras mavTuli. Mme sikvdilamde viqnebi amnair fiqrSi garTuli~ (graneli 1991: 114). Mmoelvare sarkis mdumarebac graneliseuli saxismetyvelebaa: èlvarebs isev mdumare sarke~, graneli 1991: 113).

Ooriginalurad aris gadmocemuli Semodgomis sevda da dumili. Ppoets `yviTeli Semodgoma~ uyvarda gansakuTrebiT, is yvelaze metad esadageboda mis mwuxare suls:

es Semodgoma swuxs frinvelebiT..........................sdums Semodgoma rogorc frinveli.................................sdums Semodgoma, qris frinvelebi.

(graneli 1990: 189)

Ees leqsi mamas miuZRvna da gadamfreni frinvelebis sev-diani dumiliT moqsova.

Ddidebulia graneli Tavis dumilSi, iseve rogorc idu-mali da miuwvdomeli piramidebi:

poets garindebuls, rogorc piramidas

zarebis tirilSi grigali gamafrens.

(graneli 1990: 187)

108

siCumeSi gatarebuli TviTgvemaa mTeli misi gatanjuli cxovreba – dawyebuli walenjixidan (obloba, siRatake), dam-Tavrebuli fsiqiatriuli saavadmyofoTi:

me sxva var, xalxi sxvagvarad micnobs,

Dda Cumad vitan wamebas amdens.

sxva vin mixvdeba, mxolod me vigrZnob

Cems dafiqrebas gaqvavebamde.

(graneli 1990:34)A

an kidev: fiqri da Savi dReTa krebuli.

Dda var qvasaviT garindebuli.

(graneli 1991:141)

terenti graneli datyvevebuli iyo siCumis idumale-biT, misTvis yvelaze bunebrivi mdgomareoba iyo garindebaSi, dumilSi gancdili samyaro... Aamitomac werda:

guli asvenia maRal siCumeSi,

Tanac siSoreze tiris roiali.

(graneli 1991: 122)

Ppoetis ganwyoba, SegrZnebebi iwyeba mxatvruli sityviT da sruldeba dumilSi gancdiT. Ees dumili aRvsilia harmoniiT.

Ddamowmebani:

Aalimonaki 1990: alimonaki l. kviris wirvebi anu cxovreba terenti

granelisa. Tbilisi: `merani~, 1990.

Ggraneli 1991: graneli t. or tomad. Tbilisi: àieti~., 1991.

Ggraneli 1990: graneli t. leqsebi. Tbilisi: `xelovneba~, 1990.

merCule 1987: merCule g. `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~. qarTuli mw-

erloba. Tbilisi: `nakaduli~, 1987.

siraZe 2002: siraZe r. saxismetyveleba. Tbilisi: 2002.

siraZe 2008: siraZe r. kultura da saxismetyveleba. Tbilisi: ìn-

teleqti~, 2008.

wiTaSvili 2004: wiTaSvili i. `qristianuli simbolika terenti grane-

lis poeziaSi~. Ddisertacia filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samec-

niero xarisxis mosapoveblad. Tbilisi:2004.

109

saba metreveli

zecisa da poeziis rwmena

kvirkveliebis ojaxi ar yofila xelovnebas naziarebi. terenti granelis Soreul winaparTa Sorisac aravin moiZeb-neba poeturi niWiT gamorCeuli. leqsebis wera adreul asakSi dauwyia. ucnaurad aewyo piradi cxovreba da, aseve, ucnauri iyo misi pirveli gamoCena gazeTis furclebze. simon yaux-CiSvilis mogonebis mixdviT, 1918 wels `saxalxo gazeTSi~ da-ubeWdavs terenti granels Tavisi leqsi. didi xani emzade-boda imisaTvis, rom sajarod gamoetana, sxvisTvis gaendo gulis saidumlo. albaT, ramdeni uZilo Ramis Semdeg gaube-da s. yauxCiSvils Suaze gakecili qaRaldis samuSao magida-ze dadeba, TviTon ki gareT gavardao. ras warmoidgenda ma-Sin pativcemuli akademikosi, an TviT gazeTis redaqcia da qarTveli mkiTxveli, rom `walenjixelis~ fsevdonimiT ga-moqveynebuli leqsis avtori poeziisaTvis wamebuli teren-ti graneli iqneboda! (cqitiSvili 1990: 55).

ase gadmoinacvla terenti granelma arapoeturi ojaxi-dan qarTul poetur samyaroSi. poezia airCia man asparezad cxovrebaSi, radgan poetad da poeziisaTvis iyo dabadebuli.

terenti granelis cxovreba da Semoqmedeba idumalebi-Taa moculi. aseTivea misi pirovnebac. leri alimonaki SeniS-navs: `TiTqos yvelaferi cxadia, magram yovelTvis rCeba ra-Rac idumalebis samefod~ (alimonaki 1984: 16). bevri grZnobda amoucnobsa da dafaruls mis poeziaSi: `t. granelSi uTuod metia xilva xelSeuxebisa da Secnobisa~, – werda paata orbe-liani (alimonaki 1984: 78).

ìgi, viT jvarze gakruli qriste, iwvis poeziis reli-giisaTvis. mas uyvars qari da Rame, oriv idumali, Zlieri da ucnobi~ – vl. norakiZe;

`masSi umTavresia qristianuli kulti da aq xdeba poeti misteriis sagnad... `raRac~ awvalebs, `raRacas~ eZebs da am `raRacis~ ZebnaSi frTebs isxams misi misticizmi poeziis religiisaTvis~ – g. ruxaZe (alimonaki 1984: 134).

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terenti granelis poezia Taviseburi musikaa, trage-diad daRvrili simfoniaa: ò, Cemi suli TeTr locvebSi datexili glovis xazebad~. glovis sanoto xazebze werda igi am melodias, romlis Semadgeneli instrumentebia: Rame, martooba, idumaleba, siCume, baRi da sadRac siSoreSi mti-rali roiali. yvela ena Taviseburi musikaa. qarTuli enisT-vis damaxasiaTebeli individualuri JReradoba mTeli ZaliT vlindeba granelis poeziaSi, saocrad musikaluria, melo-diuria, oRond minoria misi saxeoba.

marto iyo xetialSic, marto idga megobrebSic, poezi-aSic... Cven Soris iyo da ara CvenTan... martoobaSi daanTo man sakuTari suli. martooba iyo saSualeba gancdisaTvis, wvisaTvis. martooba sibrZnis mopovebis gzaa, es poeturi sibrZne mas xalxisaTvis undoda. iwvoda da anaTebda kidec, magram bevri ver xedavda, ar xedavda, radgan Tavad akldaT sxivi. `tirans ver SeaZrwunebda msxverplTa saSineli moT-qma-godeba, – es xma tkbil musikad Caesmoda. adamianebiT irevian poetis garSemo da imeoreben: ìmRere, kidev imRere~. TiTqmis ambobdnen – dae, suli Seni ewamos, oRond bageebidan aRmomxdarma gminvam kvlavac agvaRelvos da dagvatkbos Ta-visi saucxoo harmoniiT~ (eseebi 1992: 7).

adamianis mTeli Sinagani yofiereba sxva araferia, Tu ara survili, xolo yovelgvari survili daukmayofileblobis Sedegia. maSasadame, sanam is dakmayofilebuli ar aris, war-moadgens tanjvas. Tu es filosofiuri Sopenhaueriseuli debuleba sworia, maSin Cven ase davsvaT kiTxva: ra surda terenti granels da, aqedan gamomdinare, risTvis itanjeboda?!

`me xom mindoda gasvla miwidan, / me xom mindoda gafrena cisken~; `me ar mindoda sicocxle, arc sikvdili. me raRac sxva msurda. dRemde vfiqrob da mwams mesame gzis arseboba, rogorc idumalebis, ara sicocxle, ara sikvdili, aramed saRac sxva~...

TiTqmis yvelaferi naTelia, magram, sabolood, mainc ve-rafers vigebT. aqedan gaqceva surda, sxva planetisken miu-wevda guli da sakiTxavia, ra saSualebiT:

111

me leqsebi gamafrenen caze,

me leqsebis sixaruli momklavs.

Znelia amaze ufro poeturi cxovreba, amis dajerebac Znelia, magram am realobasac versad gaeqcevi!

me uarvyavi mTeli cxovreba,

viwame zeca da poezia.

zecac da poeziac moiTxovda mTlianad terenti grane-lis guls, sulsa da gonebas da vin gauZlebda amdens, vin SeZlebda, Tanabrad daxarjuliyo orivesaTvis?! – amas xom erTi sicocxle ar eyofoda – granelis nervul ritmSi ga-tarebuli movlena sisxlad aRibeWdeboda da adamiani, uZRebi da codvili Svili RvTisa, SeZlebda orTa ufalTa monebas?! am oridan erT-erTi unda aerCia, romeliRac unda daeTmo... aseTi arCevnis winaSe dgoma an Tavs mogakvlevinebs, an Wkui-dan gadagacdens... vercerTs daTmobda poeti, amitomac ewama:

CemTvis sicocxle isev Znelia –

da grZnobis cecxli sxeuls edeba.

da rodemde, rodemde unda gagrZelebuliyo ase... sad iyo gamosavali an iyo ki?!.

1919 wels Jurnal `kronosis~ pirvel nomerSi, romelic Tavad terenti granelma gamosca, werda: `Cven ar SegvaSi-nebs sivrcis usazRvroeba, arc patara kacunebis primitiu-li ieriSebi, Cven ukve TeTri samosiT daviwyeT jiriTi... ar gvawuxebs sikvdilis SiSi... Cveni uaxloesi mizania SevqmnaT maradisoba~.

es iyo 1919 weli.gadis dro da terenti graneli gamoscems wigns, romelic

Tavadaa sikvdilis apologia. es 1924 welia da sisxliT dawe-rili `MEMENTO MORI~. ra moxda, ram Secvala poeti, ra Za-lebi amoqmedda masSi iseTi, rom adre sikvdilis uSiSars axla misi landi ar asvenebda?!

1924 weli misi popularobis mwvervali iyo. xalxSi ig-rZnoboda gansakuTrebuli interesi da siyvaruli. gamosces

112

gazeTi `terenti graneli~. iyo mowodeba, yvela daswreboda misi poeziis saRamos... `maS, mTeli yuradReba am dRisadmi marto terenti granels! terenti graneli: sisxlian samari-dan. terenti graneli: planetebze. terenti graneli: poezi-is grigalSi. terenti graneli: yvelgan~ (gazeTi 1924:).

ras niSnavda es, ratom Caudga poets sikvdilis Crdili, ratom ar asvenebda mtanjveli gaoreba, ras daeZebda sikv-dilSi, ratom axsenebda sakuTar Tavsac da sxvebsac – `gax-sovdeT sikvdili!~.

rodis Sexvda terenti graneli pirvelad sikvdils? al-baT, maSin, roca deda gardaecvala. es iyo patara terenti-saTvis gaurkveveli da gamanadgurebeli gancda. dedas mama mihyva, moukles uaxloesi megobrebi, Sordebodnen da mara-disobaSi saxldebodnen misi sayvareli adamianebi. sikvdi-li izrdeboda da edeboda mis arsebas, grovdeboda gancda, cremli, tkivili da mwuxareba... erTi welic ar iyo gasuli mas Semdeg, rac `kronosSi~ zemoT moyvanili werili daibeWda da 1920 wels àxal nakadSi~ ferSecvlili acxadebs: ùcnauria adamianis buneba... sicocxlis... ayvavebis da ganaxlebis xana-Si adamians sikvdilis Savi aCrdili neli nabijiT giaxlov-deba da, bolos ki, samudamod gispobs axalgazrdul da jer kidev gaufurCqvnel sicocxles, saerTo bednierebis maZi-ebeli adamiani uRvTod kvdeba. samudamod daviwyebas miece-ma~ (graneli 1991: 263). aseT daskvnas akeTebs erTi wlis Sem-deg. man ukve igrZno da ganicada sikvdili. ispoba bedniereba da adamiani – miwisgan qmnili miwadve miiqceva. amis gafiqre-bac ki zaravs poets!

am etapze sikvdili gancdili iyo terenti granelis mier da ara Secnobili... TandaTan SemoiWra masSi SiSi sikvdili-sa, anu araraobisadmi, radgan yvelaferi, rac ibadeba, unda mokvdes, radgan yoveli Seqmnili bolos ganqardeba, gamo-dis, rom samyarosac dasasruli hqonia, vinaidan mas hqonda dasawyisi... maS, yvelaferi sikvdilis, araraobis ufskrul-Si STanTqmula?! amaze fiqri, amis warmosaxva stanjavda granelis mgrZnobiare guls, sulsa da gonebas.

gadis kidev ramdenime xani da terenti graneli ukve ki aRar ganicdis da grZnobs mxolod, aramed xedavs sikvdils.

113

igi aqaa, mis gverdiT an masSi. erTad arian, itanjeba da mainc mas uxmobs. iqneb, esec Tavdacvaa. iqneb, raRacis gadarCena surs poets?!

ò, rogor morbis landi sikvdilis~, – aSinebda da akr-Tobda misi saxeba: ìsev sikvdilis SiSi, qaria SiSis garda~ an `sikvdils ganvicdi da modis mTvare~, `sikvdils vin acda, vRondebi uceb~, xandaxan wamoscdeboda – `wamebidan axla mxolod sikvdili mixsnis~.

terenti granelisaTvis cxovreba ar iyo Svebis momtani, wynari sadguri – sulT dasamkvidrebi, magram verc sikvdil-Si xedavda netarebas: àxla vatyob, rom sicocxle ar Rirs, / sikvdilSiac xom ar aris Svela~. ufro metic, poets surda gaqceoda, Tavi daeRwia araraobisTvis: `msurs gadavlaxo sivrce, minda gaveqce sikvdils~. am daZabul Sinagan brZo-lebSi xandaxan sicocxlec moswyurdeboda, radgan sikv-dili aSinaarsebs mas. amdenad, roca sikvdilzea saubari, iqve ibadeba sicocxleze fiqri da piriqiT. sicocxle imi-tomaa mSvenieri da cxoveli, rom sikvdili arsebobs, xolo sikvdilisadmi siZulvili Tu SiSi swored sicocxlis wyur-vilis Warbad gancdis Sedegia. gulwrfelad evedreboda terenti graneli cisa da qveynis Semoqmeds: `Ramea, crian wvimis wveTebi, RmerTo, Svelas gTxov da gevedrebi~... `sic-ocxle minda, RmerTo, nu momklav~, `RmerTo, cota xnis yofna maRirse~.

gadis erTi weli da 1921 w. griSa jiqias xsovnisadmi miZR-vnil werilSi poeti SeZrwunebuli RaRadebs: `yvelaze ufro umZimesia sikvdilis landi... araferi ar aris iseTi saidum-lo, miuwvdomeli adamianis gonebisaTvis, rogorc es wyeuli sikvdilis raoba (graneli 1991: 266).

terenti granels awuxebda ara mxolod sakuTari arsebis gaqrobis SiSi, aramed, saerTod, adamianis xvedri: jer da-badeba, Semdeg tanjva da, bolos, sikvdili. Zalze mniSvnelo-vania is, rom am axal etapze poetisaTvis sikvdilSi siCume xmi-anebs, rom sikvdili aris gza maradisobisaken. sasaflaoskenac sikvdili izidavda, bolos da bolos, ra undoda terenti granels amiT? pasuxi erTia, sikvdilis gancdiT ziareboda

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maradiul simSvides, gaSinaureboda sikvdils, axlos yo-filiyo masTan, rom srulad SeegrZno da ar ganecada tkivi-li. mwuxare poets ar surda sikvdilTan gaucxoeba, undoda, xeliT Sexeboda, TvalebSi Caexeda, SeegrZno SiSi aryofnisa, yvelaferSi rom Casaxlebuliyo:

mze nela Cadis da dgeba Crdili,

garSemo Zveli Zeglebi dganan.

o, viRac qali saflavTan tiris,

aryofnis SiSma mec amitana.

magram gadis dro da terenti graneli TandaTan midis sikvdilis gardauva-lobis aRiarebamde, rom igi yoveli da-badebulis xvedria da ukve xedavs kidec sakuTar gardacva-lebas. Tumca Znelad, magram mainc egueba am azrs: `movkvdebi RamiT, gaTenebisas...~.

adamianis sulis gamovlenas mravali faqtori ganapi-robebs, mravali instinqti gansazRvravs, romelTa So-ris sikvdilisa da siyvarulis instinqtia yvelaze Zlieri. cruobs, vinc amtkicebs, sikvdilis ar meSiniao, – ambobda Jan-Jak ruso. TviT aleqsandre makedonelic ki kankalebda sikvdilis winaSe. es adamianuri, sruliad gasagebi grZnobaa. amisgan gaqceva TiTqmis SeuZlebelia. gana Tavad RmerTkaci, macxovari Cveni ieso qriste, geTsimaniis baRSi ar avlenda adamianur bunebas, roca ìlocvida da ityoda: mamao, Cemo, ukeTu SesaZlebel ars, Tanawarmxedin Cemgan sasumeli ese~ (maTe 26,39).

mZime da Znelia, damRleli da mtanjvelia sakuTar Tav-Tan, vnebebTan brZola, magram maTze amaRleba yvelaze did gamarjvebad iTvleba. terenti granelis miRweva isaa, rom man gaiamxanaga sikvdili da mainc ar daemorCila: `yovel Rames moaqvs fiqri sikvdilze da siSoreze... me ar mindoda sicocx-le, arc sikvdili, me raRac sxva msurda. axlac vfiqrob da mwams mesame gzis arseboba, rogorc idumalebis~.

da daiwyo mesame gzis Zieba. ra aris es gza, sad iwyeba da sad midis, rogor miedineba, ra erTvis an ras erTvis, ra asaz-rdoebs, rogoria poetis mesame gza?! marTalia, man ar miiRo

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amqveyniuri yofa: zizRi, Suri da mtroba, gaeqca mas, magram mixvda, rom sikvdilSi, rogorc araraobaSi, ar iqneboda Sve-ba da gansveneba, amitomac moZebna gamosavali.

qristiani adamianisaTvis sikvdili, rogorc dasasruli sicocxlisa, ar arsebobs, amgvarad ar moiazreba. sikvdili dasawyisia axali sicocxlisa, winadRea zeciuri netarebisa. es ar aris araraoba, gaqroba, dasasruli... igi gardacvale-baa, binis Secvla, axal cxovrebaSi gadasvla. terenti gra-nels ase esmis: `me Se-iZleba male movSorde miwas da wavide zecisken. es iqneba gardacvaleba. xanda-xan xelebs gaviS-ver im mimarTulebiT, saiTkenac minda gafrena... me daviRale grZnobisagan da axla droa gadaveSva maradisobis garinde-bul ufskrulSi... var me da aris es Zvirfasi qveyana, qveyana, rogorc buneba da ara rogorc meqanika. me yovelTvis vgrZnob Soreul da maradiul samyarosTan axlobel kavSirs~.

es ukve wminda wylis mistikaa, Wvretaa zeciuris, iduma-lisa da miusafrisa. terenti graneli imarjvebs sikvdilTan brZolaSi. igi poulobs maradisobis, ukvdavebis, raRac Se-ucnobis gzas. man zustad ar icis, rogoria mesame gza, magram sjera, rom iqneba harmonia, iqneba cxovreba netari da daus-rulebeli: `da mixmobs qriste me varskvlavidan~... `vfiqrob, sicocxle ar Rirs, / cisken mifrinavs Tvali~... `yovelTvis minda gafrena cisken, / yovelTvis minda ganmartoeba~. maRa-li zecisken garbis poeti, `radgan miwaze suli ar icdis~. mis-Tvis ca usasruloba da maradisobaa, miwa – sasruloba da war-mavloba. amitom mesame gza, arc sicocxle da arc sikvdili, aris maradisoba. `poezia – zeca, cxovreba – talaxi~. `Zvir-faso, CemTvis ca imedia~, – ityoda da iq eguleboda yvelaze wminda, yvelaze amaRlebuli, – miiltvoda cisken, qristes-ken – sasoebisken, nugeSisken, radgan Tavad macxovari gvix-mobs: `movediT Cemda yovelni maSvralni da tvirTmZimeni da me gangisuenoT Tquen~ (mT. 11, 28).

da unda gansrulebuliyo, gansveneuliyo terenti gra-neli, unda damTavrebuliyo mtanjveli gancdebi da poetis suli unda gaWriliyo iq, sadac àra ars Wiri, mwuxareba, ara urva, arca sulTqma, aramed sixaruli da cxovrebaÁ igi da-

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usrulebeli~. ezmana kidec: win miuZRoda cxedari da `zari rekavda: samaradod iyav netari!~

1934 wlis Semodgomaze aResrula wamebuli poeti, rain-di martoobisa, mwuxarebis, sikvdilis, idumalebis, Ramis, Tbilisis, siCumis, baRis... mgloviare serafimi.

nuravis daaviwydeba didi saeklesio mamis, wmida ioane klemaqsis sityvebi: ùnda vicodeT, rom yovelgvari sikeTis msgavsad sikvdilis xsovna RvTis madlia, radgan xSirad, TviT gardacvlilis sarecelTanac ki ucremlod, gaqvave-buli gulebiT vdgavarT; sikvdilis xsovna yoveldRiuri sikvdilia~ (klemaqsi 2003:). amis gaTvaliswinebiT, terenti granelis poezias RmerTTan swored sikvdilis gancda akav-Sirebs – es xsovna, anu `yoveldRiuri gardacvaleba~, war-mogvidgens mas did mistikosad, `mgloviare serafimebis~ avtorad. poetisave striqonebiT vamTavrebT mis poeziaSi àmaRlebul sikvdilze~ saubars. aseTi xedva, gancda, xil-va idumalisa da miuwvdomelisa mxolod naTeli sulisa da wrfeli gulis, wminda grZnobis, iSviaTi poeturi xedvis patrons ZaluZs. `Sen ver mixilav da nurc dameZeb, / sadRac wamiRes bneli mklavebiT, / me wuxel movkvdi SuaRameze, / rodesac krTodnen cis varskvlavebi.~..

es striqonebic gardacvalebis poetikaze RaRadeben:

Ddamowmebani:

alimonaki 1984: alimonaki l. Cemi cxovreba mxolod leqsia. // mog-onebebi da werilebi terenti granelze. Seadgina da winasityvaoba daur-To l. alimonakma. Tbilisi: `nakaduli~, 1984.

alimonaki 1988: alimonaki l. kviris wirvebi. Tbilisi: `nakaduli~, 1988. gazeTi 1924: gazeTi `terenti graneli~. dekemberi. Tbilisi: 1924.graneli 1991: terenti graneli. t. I. Seadgina, redaqcia da winaTqma

daurTo l. alimonakma. Tbilisi: 1991. eseebi 1992: skandinaviuri eseebi. Targmna uCa SerazadiSvilma. Tbili-

si: `gulani~, 1992. klemaqsi 2003: kibe anu klemaqsi. swavlani wmidisa da netarisa mamisa

Cvenisa ioane mamasaxlisisa, raiTel mamasaxliss ioanes rom miuZRvna, romelmac sTxova swavlani aRewera monazonTaTvis. sityva #6. sikvdilis Sesaxeb. ganTavsebulia 2003 wlidan. misamarTi: http://www.orthodoxy.ge/tser-ilebi/kibe/6.htm;

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murad mTvareliZe

sigiJe, rogorc xsna

terenti granelis sulis tragedia

erT patara leqsSi terenti graneli wers:

da ueWvelad bedia dRemde,

ueWvelia axla niRabi

da gaigeben didi xnis Semdeg

ra cecxli mwvavda da ra viyavi.

am leqsis daweridan didi xnis gasvlis Semdeg, roca te-renti granelis pirovnebisa da Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb ara-erTi gamokvleva da wigni daiwereba, mainc bundovani rCeba pasuxi kiTxvaze – ra iyo poetisaTvis sigiJe, mxolod avad-myofoba?..

analizi gvafiqrebinebs, rom sigiJe misTvis iyo erTgva-ri niRabi (aki ambobs kidec: ùeWvelia axla niRabi~), rogorc Tavis gadarCenis, epoqis umZimesi marwuxebisagan Tavis daR-wevis saSualeba.

albaT, mkiTxveli ikiTxavs: ratom unda dasWirveboda es terenti granels, poets, romelsac hqonda Tavisi Semosa-zRvruli samyaro – sevdis samyaro, romelic, miRebuli Se-fasebiT, Tavis tkivilSi gamoxveuli, TiTqos izolaciaSi aqcevda sakuTar pirovnebasa da Semoqmedebas?!

rasakvirvelia, terenti granels hqonda Tavisi mistiku-ri poeturi, TiTqos izolirebuli samyaro, magram es samya-ro aRmocenda da dafuZnda Tavis bazisze, razedac, SesaZle-belia, is Tavidan ara, magram gasuli saukunis 20-iani wlebis dasawyisidanve myarad dafuZnda.

ra iyo es? poetis piradi, SeWirvebuli cxovrebiT gamowveuli tkivili Tu ufro meti? d iax, ufro meti da Rrma, ufro mniSvnelovanic, rac terenti granels warmoaCens, rogorc uaRresad erovnul da, rac mTavaria, bolomde ur-yev patriots, qeddaudebels, gautexels, daumorCilebels.

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es iyo erovnuli tkivili, ramac mis pirovnul samyaroSi mTeli Tavisi tragizmiT SeaRwia. amis Sesaxeb, Tavis droze moxdenilad werda prof. s. sigua: èrovnuli sevda, romelic daeufla araerT poets, terenti granelma glovad aqcia. igi aRmoCnda erTaderTi, romelic am motivs bolomde SerCa da epoqis qariSxliT dawewili nervebi striqonebad gadmosca~ (sigua 1988).

terenti granels, rogorc Tavisi qveynis patriots, wi-Teli armiis Semosvlis pirvelive dReebSi Camouyalibda mkveTrad uaryofiTi damokidebuleba im procesebisadmi, rac imdroindel saqarTveloSi xdeboda.

poetis faqizi sulieri samyaro SeZra iunkrebis mowameb-rivma Tavganwirvam, Semdeg ki – qarTveli patriotebis gamos-vlebma wiTeli reJimis winaaRmdeg. l. gabeskiria igonebs: àjanyebis CaxSobis dReebSi terentis SevefeTe. man miTxra: iq viyavio – gulisxmobda wyaros quCas, romlis qvemoT, xram-Si CauxocavT gamosvlebis monawileTa didi jgufi. dacvas Sevepareo, ìci, sakuTari Tavi Semjavrda, iseTi rbili iyo miwa, fexebi Sig mefleboda. fexqveS adamianis sisxlis suni mcemda, megona, mec im sisxlian miwaSi veflebodi... gamovaR-wie, magram xom xedav, mTeli Rame ar mZinebia... am Temaze da-werili leqsisTvis terentis warumZRvarebia: `daxocilebTan erTad daWrili iunkrebic daumarxavT”. poetis saprotesto ganwyobileba leqsis yovel striqonSia gamoxatuli:

axla es fiqri sxva samarea,movida qari, xe Searxiada saqarTvelo es is mxarea, sadac cocxali xalxi marxia.cixeSi vzivar, gareT mTvarea,Sors uxilavi lurji baRia,da saqarTvelo es is mxarea,

sadac cocxali xalxi marxia.

am tragediam samudamo kvali daaCnia poetis guls, mis Semoqmedebas. es iyo pirveli maxvili poetis ufaqizes su-lier samyaroSi. ase Casaxlda poetis arsebaSi dardi, romel-sac saxelad erqva saqarTvelo. amas pirdapir acxadebda: `da

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saqarTvelo CemTvis dardia~. qveyana tkiviliania, svemwarea, rasac terenti mTeli arsebiT ganicdis `me mafiqrebs saqar-Tvelos bedi, me ganvicdi saqarTvelos tkivils~. ra icoda maSin terenti granelma, rom es mxolod dasawyisi iyo im sis-xliani gzisa, romelzedac mis Taobas mouwevda siaruli...

wiTeli armiis mier saqarTvelos okupaciis Semdeg, meore maxvili, rogorc vTqviT, poetisaTvis iyo 1924 wlis ajanye-bis CaxSoba. qarTuli patriotuli Zalebi did imeds am-yarebdnen ajanyebulebze, magram am ajanyebis CaxSobam maTSi sabolood Cakla Tavisuflebismoyvare amayi qarTuli suli. poetis sulieri ganwyobilebani ki sarkiseburi sizustiT Semogvinaxa im periodSi dawerilma striqonebma: `vdgavar qveynis win, rogorc mlocveli, viTmen wamebas, sxgvagvar dros veli”. magram es imedic rom Caqra, poetis sulSi sabo-lood damkvidrda uimedoba da erovnuli sevdiT gamowveuli naRveli. `da ase fiqric ufro Znelia, roca Tvalebi naTels ucdian, RmerTo! Cems irgvliv ra sibnelea, RmerTo! Cems ir-gvliv ra burusia~(ùmizno xetiali~).

1924 wlis ajanyebis CaxSobis dReebSi saqarTveloSi xma gavrcelda, TiTqos ajanyebulebTan erTad mokles qaquca ColoyaSvili. rogorc Cans, terenti am cnobam suliT xor-camde SeZra, ris gamoc igi wers qaqucasadmi miZRvnil leqss. mogvianebiT ki leqss miawers: `madloba RmerTs! es maT mier (bolSevikebis) gavrcelebuli Woria!~

kvdeba es mdelo da es qariada saqarTvelo axla mkvdaria.dilaze mdelos vumzer spetakida saqarTvelos cidan veZaxi:maT saqarTvelo dRes gulSi daWresaxla Znelia sulis migneba,irgvliv Ramea, ar Cans mesiada saSineli es gacigneba,magram lazare aRdgeba mkvdreTiT,aRdgeba rogorc RvTis siyvaruli................................................mas vambob, rogorc vambobdi, kmara!!!

mzeo, amodi, amodi Cqara!

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am wlebis Semdeg terenti granelis poezia da misi sulieri mrwamsi, ZiriTadad, eqceva erT rkalSi, esaa pro-testi arsebuli realobis mimarT. am xanebSi iwereba ze-moT nawilobriv citirebuli leqsic, sadac pirdapir aris gamocxadebuli poetis Seurigebeli brZola arsebuli re-Jimis winaaRmdeg:

fiqri gadadis Soreul qalze

rogorc siswrafe da Seneleba,

aq sxvebi sweren qalis fexebze,

roca me vumRer saSinelebas.

vfiqrob es qali rogor viwame,

vfiqrob, es qali CemTvis mkvdaria,

aq sxvebi sweren mxolod miwaze,

roca me vumRer planetarias.

fiqris triali isev moSales,

isev xmauris dadga droeba,

aq sxvebi swern mxolod droSaze,

roca me vumRer usazRvroebas.

Cndeba fiqrebi Soreul alze,

vici, es grZnoba ar moispoba,

aq sxvebi sweren mxolod namgalze,

roca me vumRer maradisobas.

imperatoro, Se diqtatoro,

mZvinvarebs sisxlis korianteli,

mamis saflavze rad dagaviwyda

agenTo Tundac erTi sanTeli...

terenti granelis poezia xdeba komunisturi ideologi-isaTvis sruliad Seusabamo, ufro metic, miuRebeli, mtru-li. xelisuflebis trfiali proletmwerlebi iwyeben mis Seviwroebas, aRar ubeWdaven leqsebs, 1926 wlidan aRar ga-moicema misi wignebi, dascinian. am TvalsazrisiT, sakmarisia alio maSaSvilis leqsis fragmentis gaxsenebac:

gulamoskvnili stiris granelic,

CvenSi meored mosuli qriste,

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uSno, uRono, daubaneli

maTxovariviT saflavebs misdevs.

1928 weli qarTvel mweralTa cxovrebaSi erT-erTi gar-damtexi, ase vTqvaT, sicocxlis SenarCunebisaTvis mcde-lobis xanad unda miviCnioT. amisTvis zog mwerals monanieba da ganvlili SemoqmedebiTi gzis uaryofa dasWirda, zogs – niRabi...

terentim daiwo mesame gzis Zieba. àra sicocxle, ara sikvdili, aramed raRac sxva~. am sxvas unda gaeerTianebia sicocxlec da sikvdilic da unda yofiliyo erTgvari fari poetis sicocxlisaTvis.

me sxva var, xalxi sxvagvarad micnobs

da Cumad vitan wamebas amdens,

sxva vin mixvdeba, mxolod me vigrZnob

Cems dafiqrebas gaqvavebamde.

1928 weli terentisTvisac rom gadamwyvetia, es kargad Cans leqsSi `dRe~:

mxolod poetis, Cemi da sxvaTa,

darCeba leqsi, guliT naweri

da rogorc gemi dgas qariSxalTan

es aTas cxraas ocdarva weli.

qrian qarebi da mec mivlian,

es dRe xsovnidan ar ikargeba,

axla Cven Soris kvlav dumilia

da erTmaneTis swori gageba

iyo dro, roca Sen amayobdi

da axla dRea raRacnairi,

isev mWirdeba miwis nayofi

mWirdeba cecxli, wyali, haeri.

ufali ar tovebs Tavis rCeul Svilebs da terentisTanac moxda saswauli. ufalma Seismina misi vedreba da misi suli-eri samyaro gaxda iseTi, romelmac xalxis TvalSi is avad-myofad aqcia.

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jer kidev 1921 wels, is Tavis erTgvar axirebas – umiz-no xetials – adarebda SeSlilis moqmedebas (`miyvars me xe-tiali SeSliliviT qalaqSi~). unda vifiqroT, rom poetis SeSlili xati erTgvarad ukavSirdeba qveynis mdgomareobiT gamowveul sulier ganwyobilebas. da raki, am realobisadmi poetma Camoayaliba Tavisi Seuvali, Seurigebeli pozicia, terenti pirdapir asaxelebs fizikuri gadarCenis gzas – sigiJes:

Jami aRmafrenisd a fiqri naCvevi,RmerTo, gamafrined a qriste maCvene.xels maRla agiSverscodva adamisa,RmerTo! gamagiJeda Senve damicav.netav zRvis Zaxilzegrigals gavetace,RmerTo, gamaRviZeme sxva planetaze.mimaqvs panaSvidi,var Ria baRisebr,RmerTo, damamSvide

da Zili maRirse.

ase daiwyo axali, umZimesi etapi misi cxovrebisa. TviTon poeti sigiJes grZnobis moZalebas ukavSirebda. es grZnoba ki, ZiriTadad, saqarTvelos mdgomareobas unda davukavSiroT. (`Tu vtoveb giJis STabeWdilebas, dao, es mxolod grZnobis bralia~).

da radgan, poeti amJRavnebs erTgvar aramyar fsiqikur mdgomareobas, Tumca dabejiTebiT unda iTqvas, ara iseTs, rom is raime samedicino Carevas saWiroebs, xelisufleba, misi Tavidan moSorebis mizniT, maSinve awesebs sasjelis erTgvar formas – iZulebiT mkurnalobas.

dgas 1928 weli... poetis cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis Sesa-niSnavi mkvlevari leri alimonaki dawers: àse daiwyo yve-

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laferi... `TavSi gveli myavs!~ iqednurad Caiqirqila ucxo xmam mis arsebaSi da gauCinarda. aRarc axsovs, rodis Caesma pirvelad es avismauwyebeli sityvebi 1928 wels Tu 928 wels. TiTqos aTas wels gaivlis mas mere wyvdiadiT SenivTul, gaqvavebul saukuneebs~ (alimonaki 1988).

im dRidan iwyeba sulis saSineli agonia. saavadmyofos sevdiani dReebi ...Tbilisis nevrologiuri saavadmyofo... miiyvaneben da gaipareba. ver Zlebs Tbilisis quCebis gareSe... mweralTa kavSirSi ki iReben gadawyvetilebas: `poeti teren-ti graneli, romelic suliT avadmyofia da daiareba quCaSi da SesaZloa vinmes rame dauSavos, gTxovT, administraciu-li wesiT waiyvanon da moaTavson saavadmyofoSi~. isev saavad-myofo, magram mainc Sinagani imedi; saavadmyofo xom Tbilis-Sia, aqedan SeiZleba Sexedos sayvarel sanaxebs, an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, isev gaiparos da raki es yvelaferi ramdenjerme meordeba, mweralTa kavSiri isev iRebs axal dadgenilebas:

`poeti terenti graneli, romelic amJamad moTavsebulia suliT avadmyofTa saavadmyofoSi, gTxovT gagzavnil iqnas suramis saavadmyofoSi!~ `suliT avadmyofi poeti terenti graneli ar gamoweroT Tqveni saavadmyofodan manam, sanam igi gadagzavnili ar iqneba janmrTelobis komisariatis mier suramis saavadmyofoSi~.…

`rogorc gavigeT, suliT avadmyofi poeti terenti gra-neli Tqven mier ukve gamowerili yofila saavadmyofodan. mogexsenebaT, rom jansaxkomis mier igi gagzavnilia suramis suliT avadmyofTa saavadmyofoSi, magram mweralTa fede-racias araviTari saSualeba ara aqvs misi suramSi gagzavnisa. gTxovT, Tqvens mier iqnas igi gadagzavnili suramSi~. – ai, sasjeli, romelic poets xelisuflebam miusaja.

am dReebidan gava ramdenime aTeuli weli da poetis su-lis vaebas gaacocxlebs misi cxovrebis mematiane: `mihqris matarebeli qarTlis Cabnelebul velze da borblebis xma-urSi Semzaravad Caesmis: `suliT avadmyofi!.. suliT avadmyo-fi!.. suliT avadmyofi!.. mere agondeba striqonebi:

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dgas angelozi axlo Cem sulTan da

es iRbali ar udris krulvas,

suli nazia da suli wminda,

rogorc qaRaldi dauwereli,

dRes Cemi suli marTla RrmerTia,

Cems suls wyuria TeTri savane,

Cems suls wyuria usazRvroeba.

(l. alimonaki, `kviris wirvebi~)

TeTri savane? usazRvroeba?.. ai, misi TeTri savane, ai, misi usazrvroeba:

`miRebulia suliT avadmyofi terenti graneli suramis fsiqiatriuli saavadmyofos mTavari eqimi. 3 ivlisi, 1931 weli~.

ase daiwyo misi `TeTri savane“, ase daiwyo misi usazRvro-eba. oTxi weli, saSineli amaoebisa da martoobis oTxi weli. surami misTvis ar qceula STagonebis wyarod. matareblis gisosebiani vagonidan saavadmyofos Zvel kedlebamde, al-baT, arc araferi ufiqria, albaT, mxolod Tavis striqonebs imeorebda...

rodesac suramis fsiqonevrologiuri saavadmyofos morige eqims al. maRraZes Sexeda, mixvda, rom isev iwyeboda misTvis usaSinlesi dReebis qronika. da ase gaCnda avadmyof terenti granelis avadmyofobis istoria. is Zalzed sevdi-anad aRadgens poetis sulis mSfoTvarebas. maS, mivyveT am istorias:

`5 ivlisi, 1931 weli, morige eqimi aleqsandre maRra-Ze:`terenti graneli, dabadebis weli 1901 (sinamdvileSi po-eti dabadebulia 1897 wels m. m.), mwerali, poeti.

ganaTleba saSualo, ucolo, warmoSobiT glexis ojaxi-dan, walenjixidan. Tbilisis misamarTi: rutovis q. #31. wlo-vaneba 31 wlis. erovneba qarTveli. miReba (mkurnaloba, m.m) ufaso. gadmosulia tfilisidan. movida axalSenSi (axlad-miRebuli m. m.) 5. 07. 31.“

amis Semdeg eqimis CanawerebSi Cndeba iseTi tragikuli epizodebi, romlebic mxolod imitom gamogvaqvs mkiTxve-

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lis winaSe, rom gvinda poetis niWis Tayvanismcemlebma kidev erTxel gaiTavison, Tu ra sevdiani da tragikuli iyo misi cxovreba. àvadmyofi, rogorc TviTon ambobs, aris moyva-nili Tbilisis fsiqonevrologiur institutSi 5 Tvis gan-mavlobaSi (stili yvelgan daculia) anamnezis Sekrebis cdam uaryofiTad Caiara (`me bavSvi ara var. me stalinze udidesi var, ras mekiTxebiT~). wamoxta, gavarda karebSi. Semobrunda da Tqva: `ras wer, me aTasi stalini var, me memilione stali-ni var, stalinze meti~. gavarda isev gamosakvlev oTaxSi. rom Semobrunda maSin ambobda: `qveynierebasTan, mTel msof-liosTan kavSirebi maqvs gabmuli, me msoflios warmomad-geneli var~. avadmyofTan gamokvlevis warmoeba mouwesrige-belia. `ras mekiTxebiT, me boroti ara var~.

gakeTda pirveli Canaweri. poeti palatisken mihyavT. gulSi ki TavisTvis imeorebs Tavisive striqonebs: `Tu vto-veb giJis STabeWdilebas,dao, es mxolod grZnobis bralia~. ekiTxebian isev raRacas, is ki TavisTvis CurCulebs: àxla si-giJe grZnobis bralia,axla me Sengan Sors vimyofebi, sofel-Si mainc sxva Srialia, daiwyo Tova yviTel foTlebis~.

ai, palatac... irgvliv TeTrxalaTiani adamianebi. uyu-rebs poeti maT da Tavis Tavs utydeba: `rom viRupebi, es ar ician”. sawolTan mihyavT. is ki, ukve ganmartoebuli, leqsad fiqrobs: `qaris sufeva iyo aseTi, Tavisuflebas ar vafaseb-di. guli Rondeba, dgeba ivnisi da magondeba axla tfilisi. bedma aswia Seni sufeva, ra Zvirfasia Tavisufleba“.

mkurnal eqimad mariam kukulaZe dauniSnes, axalgazrda, sandomiani qali, magram poeti aravis uyurebs, aq mas yvela da yvelaferi sZuls. avadmyofobis istoriaSi ki Cndeba mkurna-li eqimis pirveli Canaweri: àvadmyofi umetesad wevs, is-venebs~, magram es mxolod pirvel dReebSi, mere isev fori-aqobs, ver egueba saavadmyofos~.

àlbaT qarebi dResac gveZebda,rom kvdeba guli – msof-lio RerZi, iq, lazareTis saSiS kedlebTan swuxs avadmyofi da sikvdils ebrZvis... me vwuxvar, rom aq aravin ar mokldeba ricxvi Cemi dReebis, iq, sadRac tyeSi Srialebs qari da kace-biviT dganan xeebi. albaT, iq viRac gardaicvala (gavida

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Rame da vneba mwveli), is ar meyofa, rac rom viwvale da kidev sxvagvar wamebas veli“.

mere buneba moenatreba, miwis surneli, foTlebis siTbo da yvavilebis nairferebi. eqimi ki Canawers akeTebs: àvad-myofi mousvenrobs, iwevs, dadis ezoSi, Txoulobs bazarSi wasvlas sxvadasxva saWiroebisaTvis. mkurnalobas Zlier ewinaaRmdegeba. aqvs bodvebi: èvropa masTanaa, is uZliere-sia mTels dedamiwis zurgze~. mere gonebas erTi azri gauna-Tebs: `...saSinelia es saavadmyofo,sikvdilis bina da samefoa. miwidan modis Rame TandaTan,saRamos barSi hqrian bindebi, ar SemiZlia, guli gaTavda,me frTas Sevisxav da gavfrindebi“.

aris 1931 wlis 2 seqtemberi. eqimi terenti grane-lis istoriaSi aseT Canawers akeTebs: àvadmyofi moiTx-ovs Tavisufal siaruls bazarSi, iZleva patiosan sityvas, rom dabrundeba da arafers Caidens. erTi aseTi wasvlidan gaipara~.`Tbilisi minda rogorc samare~-o, – wuxs da misken mimavali matareblis borblebis xmaurs uwyvilebs striqo-nebs: `ca mosCans, rogorc SiSveli sarke, mival, vigoneb ga-frenil wamebs. Cemi gza midis samarisaken da napralebTan wevs Savi Rame. vfiqrob da mTebze gamoCnda nisli, dadga siCumis uxmo wuTebi, es mogoneba elavs TbilisiT,dRes vnaxav Tbi-liss da Sevwuxdebi. aseTi dardi ar maxsovs dRemde, o, rogor morbis landi sikvdilis, movdivar, erTi saaTis Semdeg me isev vnaxav Cems mtanjvel Tbiliss“.

didxans ar gagrZelda bednieri dReebi. Tbilisis nev-rologiur saavadmyofoSi gadayvanis Semdeg isev suramSi daabrunes da imave eqims miandves misi mkurnaloba...

isev gagrZelda avadmyofobis istoria...… aris 1932 wlis 22 dekemberi... àvadmyofi iwonis 56 kilograms. saSinlad aRgznebulia... yovelive Cvens mier micemul sityvebze gviw-evs sastik winaaRmdegobas. avadmyofi mousvenrad aris, cno-biereba naTelia, TviTgrZnoba kargi, guneba-ganwyoba dawe-uli. moiTxovs saavadmyofodan wasvlas, es misi sanukvari ocnebaa. ès saavadmyofo kubos magonebs,sikvdilze fiqri aq ufro mRalavs, gamomelia marTla Zal-Rone, gamomelia si-cocxlis Zala. ha, Tormetia, es dRe berdeba, dRea mziani da

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aris kvira, vatyob es guli dRes SeCerdeba, dRes vimyofebi sikvdilis piras. vsunTqav da wami mimaqvs wvalebiT, vwevar loginSi muxlmodrekili, mziani dRea da saTvalebiT Semo-dis CemTan TeTri eqimi“.

masze yvelaferi moqmedebs. saTuTi guli aqvs, nerviulad ganicdis yovelives. avadmyofebTan saerTo enas ver naxu-lobs, eqimebis danaxva ar surs. mis garSemo raRac xdeba. mere daadgina, rom viRaca mokvda da TeTr zewargafdafarebuli gaiyvanes. es saSinelebaa. `ra vqna me sustma da ase mwirma, Cemi morCena aris gviani, Cems gverdiT uceb gaSales Sirma, Cems gverdiT kvdeba adamiani .ra vqna me sustma da ase mwirma da ari kvira, dRea mziani, Cems gvediT uceb gaSales Sirma, Cems gverdiT mokvda mere isev iwyeba sulis agonia. iwyeba `bod-vebi”. eqimi akeTebs Canawers: àvadmyofi Tavs uwodebs ro-mantikis (albaT romantikosTa, m.m.) STamomavals aqvs sme-niTi xasiaTis halucinaciebi. micemul SekiTxvaze Reldeba. ganwyobilia efeqtisadmi. nebiT sferoSi araviTari survili muSaobisa ar aqvs. metwilad wevs sawolSi”.

zogjer hgonia, rom es yvelaferi moCvenebaa, rom es siz-maric gaqreba da gamoCndeba saocrebebiT aRsavse Tbilisi: `dadga amindi cudi da me isev aq var. es dRe aryofnas udris da me vambob: ra vqna! ici: maisi gaqra, Cans cisferi mxare. si-namdvileSi – aq var da sizmarSi – gareT“.

evedreba yvelas, rac SeiZleba male gaweron saavadmyo-fodan. mere TiTqos cota xniT damSviddeba: `1-30 maisi. avad-myofis fizikuri da fsiqiuri mdgomareoba ucvlelia~. 1-30 ivnisi. mdgomareoba igivea. 15-31 ivlisi. àvadmyofi mSvi-dad aris. SekiTxvebze iZleva wesier pasuxebs. 1-15 agvisto. sruliad mSvidadaa. xSirad seirnobs ezoSi.16 agvisto, 1933 weli: ezoSi seirnobis dros avadmyofi gaipara. aki werda ki-dec: `me uTbilisod erTi dRec ver vZleb~. sizmarSic da cxad-Sic Tbiliss natrulobs da TiTqos sizmridan daubrunda sanatrel qalaqs: ìsev miwasTan vdgevar, minda gavide velze, isev mziani dRea, isev sixaruls veZeb. avi sizmari vnaxe, mgo-nia, guSin diliT, aRar eqneba saxe axla uCemod Tbiliss“.

guls ijerebs Tbilisis quCebSi xetialiT, magram isev suramSi daabruneben. 1933 wlis 22 oqtombers eqimi avad-

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myofobis istoriaSi Cawers: àvadmyofi isev gadmogzavna tfilisis fsiqonevrologiurma institutma, sadac yofila miyvanili Tbilisis mweralTa kavSiris mier~.isev daiwyo mkurnaloba... isev mosawyeni Canawerebi: `1-30 noemberi, 1933 weli: àvadmyofi mSvidia, ganurCeveli, damoukideblad ukontaqto. SekiTxvebze iZleva mxolod zogjer pasuxebs. pasuxi adeqvaturia. halucinaciebs uaryofs. gamosTqvams bodviT azrebs gandidebisas. moiTxovs xSirad Tambaqos~1-31 dekemberi, 1933 weli; `mdgomareoba ucvlelia~ da a.S.bolos TiTqos Seismines poetis vedreba, 1934 wlis 22 ivliss sa-avadmyofodan gaweres. `guSin qariSxals sevda mohqonda, isev waiRebs albaT dilisTvis, dRes gamovedi saavadmyofodan da moviare mTeli Tbilisi“.

amis Semdeg didxans aRar ucocxlia. nawamebma dalia su-li saavadmyofoSi. misi gvami ki, winaswarmetyvelebisamebr, uxmaurod miibara petre-pavles sasaflaom.

damowmebani:

alimonaki 1988: alimonaki l. kviris wirvebi. Tbilisi: 1988.

sigua 1988: sigua s. literatura da tradiciis barieri. Tbilisi: 1988.

cqitiSvili 1990: cqitiSvili m. vici, dro mova Cemi gagebis. Tbilisi:

1990.

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valentin nikitini

„Sinagani emigracia“ terenti granelis

cxovrebasa da poeziaSi

neba momeciT, moxseneba terenti granelis biografiuli cnobebiT daviwyo.*

misi namdvili saxeli terenti samsonis Ze kvirkveliaa. poeti 1898 wlis 3/16 ivniss dasavleT saqarTvelos istori-ul mxareSi – samegreloSi – daibada. misi „mcire samSoblo“ gaxldaT rusuli imperiis patara nawili, quTaisis, senakis raionis sofeli walenjixa. amgvarad poetis warmomavloba qarTuli subeTnosisgan, TviTmyofadi xalxisgan – megrele-bisgan – modis, romlebic simamaciT gamoirCevian, qarTu-li nacionaluri TviTSegnebis matarebelni arian da Tavs qarTvelebad aRiqvamen, Tumca, amavdroulad, garkveul eT-nikur gansxvavebulobas inarCuneben.

xazi unda gavusvaT im faqts, rom megrelebi saqarTvelo-Si sruliadac ar iCagrebian, aramed uSualod qarTveli xal-xis nawilni arian. arc Rirs poetis gariyulobis kompleqsis – Sinagani emigraciis – erT-erTi wyaros warmomavlobiT ax-sna. miT ufro, rom poeti qarTulad werda, romelic iyo ki-dec misTvis mSobliuri ena.

poetis Sinagani emigracia, ris Sesaxebac gveqneba sauba-ri, astrologiurad, zeciuri niSniT iyo ganszRvruli: is mzis dabnelebis dros daibada – swored maSin, roca mze mTvaris Crdils tovebda...

RvTis sadideblad poetma wminda marTlmadidebluri naTloba, rogorc miRebulia, adreul asakSi – imave wlis 7 ivniss miiRo. qristianuli asketikis eniT rom vTqvaT, swored

* moxseneba: `Внутренняя эмиграция» в жизни и поэзии Теренти Гранели~ wakiTxu-lia VII saerTaSoriso simpoziumze: `literaturaTmcodneobis Tanamedrove problemebi. literatura devnilobaSi. emigrantebis mwerloba (me-20 sauku-nis gamocdileba)~. nawili I. Tbilisi: literaturis institutis gamomcem-loba, 2013, gv. 179-193.

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am gamomxsnelma saidumlom daakavSira axalSobili mfarvel angelozTan, daifara is mravali gansacdelisgan, maT Soris, TviTmkvlelobis sacdurisganac.

terenti bavSvobidanve Caketili da sevdiani, sakuTar fiqrebSi CaZiruli iyo, Tanatolebisa da maTi TamaSebisgan ganze idga. walenjixis skolis damTavrebis Semdeg, TbilisSi gadavida. aq 1918 wels is gamorCeulma wignis gamomcemel-ma, bibliografma da bukinistma, zaqaria WiWinaZem Seifara, romelic wignis maRazias da biblioTekas flobda. yofili narodovoleci (народоволец), aseve istorikosi da poeziis damfasebeli gaxldaT, vinc niWier axalgazrdebs xels uwyobda.

zqaria WiWinaZis rCeviT, terenti kvirkveliam 1919 wels sakuTar fsevdonimad „graneli“ airCia, romelic laTinuri sityvidan „granum“ (marcvali) momdinareobs, mniSvnelobiT axlosaa „marcvalTan“, anu `marcvlebiT mdidarTan~. es fsev-donimi, Cveni azriT, ara marto fonetikurad Seesatyviseba poetis saxels, aramed semantikuradac: saxeli „terenti“ berZnulad „gawmendas“, „dafSvnas“, „gaTlas“ niSnavs; poetma sworedac rom marcvlebad dafSvna (daanawevra) sakuTari az-rebi da gmoTala leqsebis TiToeuli striqoni...

graneli dainteresda antikuri miTologiiT da filo-sofiiT, 1918-1920 wlebSi Tbilisis universitetSi Salva nucubiZis (momavali akademikosis) leqciebis kurss ismenda. nucubiZe gmoCenili filosofosi da filologi gaxldaT, romelmac daamuSava e.w. aleTologiuri realizmis Teoria – swavleba WeSmaritebis Sesaxeb, romlis mizanic iyo filo-sofiis sibrZnesTan miaxloeba. udavoa, rom cnobismoyva-reobiT savse SekiTxvebiT, Tu WeSmaritebis ZiebiT terenti graneli ganicdis Salva nucubiZis gavlenas.

am wlebSi terenti graneli Tavad swavlobda, bevrs kiTxu-lobda, evropuli literaturis saganZurs (bairons, Selis, miuses, novaliss da a.S.) eziareboda. frangma romantikosma poetma, alfred de miusem (1810-57), romlis leqsebidanac mwuxare melanqolia da pesimizmi moedineba (leqsebis cikli „Rameebi“), granelze garkveuli gavlena moaxdina.

rusi poetebidan graneli gansakuTrebiT maRal Sefase-bas aZlevda puSkins, tiutCevs, fets; TumcaRa, misTvis gamo-

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rCeulad axlobeli da sayvareli eseninisa da blokis leq-sebi gaxldaT. blokis striqoni: „mxolod tirili damrCenia“ granelma Tavis leqss „maradisobis laJvardebi“ (1926) epig-rafad waumZRvara.

rogorc poeti, is Sors idga imdroindeli literatu-ruli skolebisgan: rogorc simbolizmisgan („cisferi yanwe-bi“), ise futurizmisa da proletari poetebisganac. man sxva gza airCia, romelsac „mesame gza, idumali da Seucnobeli“ uwoda. terenti granels poezia absolutis Ziebad, trans-cedenturis Secnobad miaCnda. misi devizi gaxldaT: àra si-cocxle, ara sikvdili, aramed raRac sxva...“ es sityvebi Sem-dgom poetis saflavis qvaze amoitvifra.

sauniversiteto leqciebis mitovebis Semdeg, poeti gan-martoebul cxovrebas, meocnebeobas, usaxlkarobas – misTvis Zvirfas sasaflaoebsa da baRebs daubrunda. ar gaaCnda mud-mivi sacxovrebeli da xSirad Ria cis qveS aTevda Rames. ter-enti granelis cxovrebas, udavod, RvTaebrivi, qristesmieri salosuri xasiaTi hqonda.

saqarTveloSi momxdari socialuri gardaqmnebis paTosi terenti granelisTvis sruliad ucxoa, mis SemoqmedebSi ver naxavT „socialuri dakveTiT“ nakarnaxeb leqsebs (romlis-gnac absoluturad Tavisufali arc udidesi qarTveli po-eti galaktion tabiZe yofila).

ingiSer (givi) cqitiSvili Tavis disertaciaSi „meoce sa-ukunis qarTuli sabWoTa poeziis ZiriTadi tendenciebi da terenti graneli“ (Tbilisi, 1982), aSkarad aWarbebs, rodesac maSindeli koniunqturis karnaxiT acxadebs: terenti grane-li „aRfrTovanebiT Sexvda oqtombris revolucias, romel-Sic mSromeli xalxis saukunovan gasaWirsa da monobisgan gaTavisuflebas xedavda“.

diax, poetma ver aicila Tavidan revoluciis roman-tikuli suli, iseve rogorc rusi poetebis SemTxvevaSi (aleqsandre bloki, andrei beli, sergei esenini da sxva), rac mis calkeul leqsebSi gamovlinda („sulis cecxli“, „revo-lucia“, „samSoblo“, „yazarma“). Tumca poetis am „gatacebam“ maleve gaiara da mwvave imedgacruebam daisadgura. SeiZleba

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miviCnioT, rom muzis sxva msaxurebTan SedarebiT, graneli bevrad adre gaemijna am yovelives:

Rame gaTavda,

guli irxeva.

RmerTo, rada var, –

es xom cixea.

es dRe ar gava,

mze ar ixreba.


es xom cixea.

dResac car avad,

gareT sicxea.


es xom cixea.

(graneli 1979: 205)

Tumca Cven siamovnebiT daveTanxmebiT ingiSer (givi) cqi-tiSvilis Semdeg gamonaTqvamebs:

„terenti graneliseuli mwuxareba e.w. msoflio sevdis gamovlinebaa. mis leqsebSi CaRrmavebisas aRmovaCenT, rom poeti qadagebs da nergavs humanurobas, sulieri kaTarsi-sisken (SemboWavi pirobiTobebisgan sruli gTavisuflebi-sken) mouwodebs. terenti granelis poeziis magaliTze „dardis da cremlis“ problema pirovnulobis doneze unda gadaiWras, radgan WeSmariti poezia ar arsebobs adamianuri sevdisa da cremlebis gareSe. filosofiuri TvalsazrisiT, graneli ufro idealistia, vidre materialisti, magram misi poeturi idealizmi ar aris irealuri samyarosa da ukvdavi sulis gaidealeba. piriqiT, mas usazRvrod uyvars namdvili sicocxle da ar aRiarebs mis SemosazRvrulobas: misi poezia aris sicocxlis xanmokleobis winaaRmdeg protesti. yove-live arsebuli mas ar akmayofilebs da amitomac iwyebs „me-same gzis“ Ziebas. poetis fiqrebi samyaros usasrulobas da mis warmavalobas utrialebs; is TanaugrZnobs adamianebs – maT xom arafris Secvla Aar SeuZliaT.“

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granelis poeziaSi sevdisa da „samgloviaro laitmotiv-ze“ saubrisas unda gavixsenoT ori araCveulebrivi poeti – italieli jakomo leopardi (1798-1837) da rusi konstantin sluCevski (1837-1904), romelsac aqvs poeturi cikli „sam-gloviaro simRerebi“. isini SeiZleba granelis winamorbede-bad miviCnioT.

* * *1920 wels gamovida terenti granelis pirveli krebuli

„panaSvidebi“, 1921 wels ki mas Semdegi mohyva – „samgloviaro xazebi“, 1922 –„sulidan saflavebi“, 1924-Si – „Memento mori~. mis sicocxleSi gamocemuli poeturi krebuli – mokrZale-buli dasaxelebiT „leqsebis krebuli“ tipograftrestis tipografiiT gamovida 1926 wels (36 gverdi). TiToeuli maT-gani mcire, SeiZleba iTqvas, mizeruli tiraJiT gamoica da didi xania bibliografiul iSviaTobad iqca. poetis leqsebi bolo dromde mxolod poeziis damfasebelTa viwro wrisT-vis rCeboda cnobili. SeiZleba miviCnioT, rom velemir xleb-nikovis msgavsad, terenti granelic mxolod „poetebisTvis iyo poeti“.

terenti granelis leqsebi Tavisi asociaciur-metafo-ruli sirTuliT osip mandelStams SeiZleba SevadaroT: mis metaforebs arTulebs ara mxolod maTi aRmavali da gan-totvili xveulebi – aramed maTgan simboluri qveteqstic asxivebs. Cveni azriT, safuZveli gvaqvs, rom is ara marto simbolistad miviCnioT, aramed, amavdroulad, post-akmeist da post-imaJist poetadac. terenti granelma SeZlo am for-maluri mimdinareobebis saukeTeso nawili Seerwya qarTuli leqsis fonetikur gamomxatvelobasTan. upriani iqneba imis aRniSvna, rom qarTuli leqsi silabur-tonurad miviCnioT, is rusulTan axlosaa – am azrisaa gamoCenili mkvlevari akaki gawerelia (gawerelia 1953).

krebul „memento mori~-s gamosvla (wiTeli jvris gamom-cemlobiT; 79 gverdi) literaturul movlenad iqca da garkveuli rezonansic mohyva, mas maRali Sefaseba misces qarTuli literaturis klasikosebma: tician tabiZem da kon-

134

stantine gamsaxurdiam. 1924 wels konservatoriis did dar-bazSi terenti granelis saavtoro saRamo gaimarTa, romel-zec qarTveli saxalxo poeti galaktion tabiZe gamovida. Tumca es saRamo granelis cxovrebaSi gamonakliss warmoad-genda. is ganzrax gaurboda sazogadoebasa da aRiarebas.

misi poeziis laitmotivad darCa sikvdilis xsovna, uka-naskneli Jamis hipnoturad momnusxveli molodini.

bolo wlebSi graneli Tbilisis petre-pavles sasafla-oze patara saxlSi cxovrobda, moxuc mesaflavesTan. 1930 wels mkurnalobda suramis fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoSi. is aramiancis saavadmyofoSi gardaicvala 1934 wels yvelasgan mitovebuli, sruliad marto – rogorc erT-erT leqsSi wi-naswar Wvretda kidec. panaSvidi petre-pavles sasaflaos taZarSi Sesrulda, sadac dakrZales kidec. granelis saf-lavTan, Seityves ra misi gardacvaleba, mxolod misi ociode axlobeli Seikriba.

Semdgom aTwleulSi terenti graneli TiTqmis sruliad daiviwyes.

poeti mxolod gasuli saukunis 60-70ian wlebSi gaixse-nes. am dros saqarTvelos dedaqalaqSi misi Semdegi poeturi krebulebi qarTul enaze gamoica: „lirika“. gamomc. „sabWoTa saqarTvelo“ 1972 weli (gv. 184); „rCeuli“ gamomc. „sabWoTa saqarTvelo“ 1979w. (gv. 456); rogorc iqna, gamovida mogo-nebebi poetze „terenti graneli. poetis cxovreba“ (gamomc. „nakaduli“, 1984 (gv. 271). JurnalSi `literaturnaia gru-zia~ (1984, N4, gv. 83-117) gamoCnda terenti granelis Sesaxeb sergi Wilaias – romelic poets Tavadac icnobda – mozrdi-li statia. imave JurnalSi cota adre (1983, N6, gv. 4-17) givi oragveliZem terenti granelis rCeuli lirikuli leqsebis rusuli Targmani gamoaqveyna.

am publikaciebma sazogadoebaSi poetis Semdgom aRiare-bas Seuwyo xeli. 1987 wels misi neSti didubis (raioni Tbilis-Si) mweralTa da sazogado moRvaweTa panTeonSi gadaasvenes.

* * *terenti granelis Semoqmedebis `religiuri nawili“,

miseuli gabeduli mistikuroba da sikvdilis Sesaxeb fiqrze

135

srulyofili Zalis sulieri koncentracia (akademikos Salva nucubiZis mosazreba) rusi mkiTxvelisaTvis gasuli sa-ukunis 80-iani wlebis bolomde ucnobi rCeboda. rusuleno-vani mkiTxvelisTvis misi Semoqmedebis am mxareze garkve-uli warmodgena qvemore moxsenebas avtoris Targmanebma Seuqmnes.*

„marTalia, terenti graneli mwuxare ganwyobilebis po-etia, mis leqsebSi udavod, moCans naTelic. swored am RvTi-uri codniT, arsebobis ufro maRali sazrisis ZiebiT ga-mowveuli tanjviTaa is CvenTvis Zvirfasi“, – am Targmanis winasityvaobaSi xazgausmiT aRniSnavda Tqveni mona-morCili (nikitini 1987: 61-62).

dResdReobiT terenti granelis saxeli saqarTveloSi sayovelTaod cnobilia; ufro metic, mis leqsebze, gansa-kuTrebiT gulgatexil axalgazrdebs Soris, Camoyalibda erTgvari moda. 2012 wels, misi poeziis religiur-infer-naluri motivebis gavleniT, TbilisSi musikaluri dueti „Ennui“ Seiqmna (ing. – „dardi, Sinagani sicariele, apaTia“), romlebmac melanqoliuri simRerebis albomi – „mze ukunisa“ gamouSves.

albomi tipuri `graneluri“ Sinaarsis tonalobiTaa nam-Reri, mze horizonts miRma rom Cadis da stovebs imqveyni-uri cxovrebis Savi Suqis kvals. es saxe granelis poeziiTaa STagonebuli, magram misgan gansxvavebiT, qristianuli Si-naarsisgan, TiTqmis, srulad aris daclili, SeiZleba iTq-vas, deqristianizebulia. “Ennui”-sTvis apoTeozi RvTisgan mitovebulobaa, TviTmkvlelobis zRvarze. sikvdiliswina SeSliloba da agoniaa. swored amitom genialuri qarTveli poetis Semoqmedebis swori Sefaseba ara marto literatu-raTmcodneobis, aramed Tanamedrove saRvTismetyvelo az-ris amocanacaa.

* См.: "Вестник русского христианского движения", Париж – Нью-Йорк – Москва". 1987 (II), № 150, с.63-71; «Литературная Грузия», 1988, № 4, с. 58-61; «Иверский телеграф», СПб., № 60, 2005, с. 4-5.

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* * *moxsenebis ZiriTad Temaze gadasvlisas mniSvnelovania,

aRiniSnos Semdegi: „Sinagani emigracia“, rogorc sociokul-turuli fenomeni, SesaZloa, terminologiurad ganvixiloT rogorc oqsimoroni, anu SeuTavseblis SeTavseba, paradoq-sis stiluri nairsaxeoba an sulac paralogizmi. vinaidan „Sinagani emigracia“ Tavisi SinaarsiT realur emigracias upirispirdeba da masTan namdvil opozicias qmnis.

sabWoTa kavSirSi „Sinagani emigracia“, XX s-is 20iani wlebis dasawyisidan, rogorc politikuri iarliyi, sakmaod farTod gavrcelda ideur mowinaaRmdegeTa SemoqmedebiTi inteligenciis banakSi. es iyo dapirispireba: erT mxares, „socialisturi realizmis“ apologetebi da e.w. „prolet-kultis“ momxreebi, da meore mxares, isini, romlebic Sors idgnen politikisa da partiuli propagandisgan.

amgvarad, terminma „Sinagani emigracia“ Tavidanve poli-tikurad negatiuri elferi SeiZina: „Sinagan emigrantebs“ im adamianebs uwodebdnen, romlebic politikurad aralo-ialurebi iyvnen, an sulac arsebuli wyobilebisa da tota-litaruli, komunisturi ideologiisadmi mtrulad iyvnen ganwyobilni. ase uwodebdnen ana axmatovas, mogvianebiT ki nobelis premiis miniWebasTan dakavSirebiT, boris paster-naksac, romelic roman „eqimi JivagosTvis“ mieniWa.

Sinagani emigrantis fsiqologia kargad aRwera cnobilma sociologma da mweralma aleqsandr zinovievma (1922-2006) wignSi: „rusuli bedi, gandgomilis aRsareba“ (moskovi, cen-trpoligrafi, 1999). misi msjelobis Tanaxmad, arsebobs garkveuli gansxvaveba e.w. „gandgomilsa~/`gariyuli~, iatak-qveSasa da disident-opozicionerTa Soris. es ukanasknelni, anu disidentebi aqtiurad moqmedeben, arsebuli reJimis wi-naaRmdeg muSaoben, protests gamoxataven, saagitacio fur-clebs an pamfletebs avrceleben, awyoben demonstraciebs.

damadasturebeli sabuTebis gareSec cxdia, rom terenti graneli arc politikuri disidenti iyo da arc mmarTveli reJimis opoziciaSi gaxldaT. poeti sabediswero laitmoti-viT – “memento mori”, darwmunebulni varT, mTeli samyaros-

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Tvis disidenti iyo. misi leqsebis krebuli „memento mori” ara politikur, aramed mistikur rezonanss iwvevs. SeiZleba saubari misi sulis „radialur energiaze“, romelic abso-lutisken miiswrafvis. miseuli Sinagani emigracia ar gaxl-daT totalitarul reJimTan pasiuri konfrontacia da sa-zogadoebisgan iZulebiTi gaqceva, arc niRabi da socialuri mimikriis mcdeloba. aramed, es WeSmaritad Tavisufali ar-sebobis modusi iyo, romelic RvTisganaa naboZebi da sikvdi-lis gziT moipoveba. amgvari Tavisuflebis apoTeozad Segvi-Zlia leqsi „micvalebulis dRiuridan“ (1923w) miviCnioT:

Sen ver mixilav da nurc dameZeb,sadRac wamiRes bneli mklavebiT.me wuxel movkvdi, SuaRameze,

rodesac krTodnen cis varskvlavebi.

dabnelda sivrce, dabnelda bina,damgloviardnen saxlis minebic.me TeTr kuboSi Cumad meZina,

mohqondaT vardi da gvirgvinebi.

albaT, Cem sikvdils grZnobda sofelic

(ver davbrundebi me burusidan).

mkvdari viyavi da ugrZnobeli,

Ria samare Cems guls ucdida.

da ecemodnen sadRac wvimebiSoreul Rrublis sanapirodan.kubosTan idgnen serafimebi

da RvTismSobeli Cemze tiroda.

arc Soreuli debis locvebiCems gadarCenas xels ar uwyobda.mimasvenebdnen angelozebi

da kubos qriste win miuZRoda.

irgvliv sikvdilis xeli mexvia,

ra meqna, sulo, daucxromelo!

msurda sibnele rom gamerRvia

da kvlav qveynisTvis Tvali momevlo.

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Sen ver mixilav da nurc dameZeb,

sadRac wamiRes bneli mklavebiT,

me wuxel movkvdi, SuaRameze,

rodesac krTodnen cis varskvlavebi..

(graneli 1979: 81)

terenti granelis Sinagani emigraciis misteriuli bune-ba ganasxvavebs mas udidesi qarTveli mwerlis, qrTveli simbolistebis – „cisferyanwelebis“ ideuri sulisCamd-gmelis – grigol robaqiZisagan (1884-1962). grigol robaqiZe emigraciaSi germaniaSi wavida da, samwuxarod, ganze ar gad-ga gamrudebuli politikisgan – Tumca, Tavad xazgasmiT am-bobda, rom am yvelafrisgan distancirebuli iyo da „mesame napirze“ idga: „sabWoTa kavSirSi fiqroben rom me mowinaaRm-dege mxares var. es ase ar ris. me mesame napirze var, aseTi na-piri yvela mdinares aqvs – is vinc iq ar imyofeba, arc mwera-lia da arc Semoqmedi“.

diax, namdvilad asea. es sityvebi ufro metad miesadageba terenti granelis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebas, vidre Tavad grigol robaqiZes.

yvelaferi SedarebiTia.Tuki terenti granels iosef brodskis (sabWoTa kavSi-

ridan mis gadasaxlebamde) SevadarebT, roca es uknasknelic Sinagan emigraciSi imyofeboda – Semdegis aRiareba mogvi-wevs: am or SemTxvevaSi Sinagan emigracias mniSvnelovnad gan-sxvavebuli saxe aqvs. misi qarTveli TanamoZmisgan gansxva-vebiT, iosef brodski kreatiuli nonkomformisti gaxldaT, romelic sajaro diskusiisTvisac mzad iyo. misma lening-raduli „andergraundisadmi“ mikuTvnebulobam („ахматовские сироты“ iatakqveSa gamocema) poets saSualeba misca, nebiT Tu uneblieT literaturuli lideris pretendentis roli mieRo.

terenti graneli ki marto iyo da asec darCa, is arcerT literaturul dajgufebas ar gahkarebia.

is SeiZleba sxva SesaniSnav poets – iuri kublanovskis – SevadaroT. 1982 wels sabWoTa kavSiridan iZulebiT emigra-ciamde (uSiSroebis saxelmwifo komitetis zewoliT) igi da-

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namdvilebiT Sinagan emograciaSi imyofeboda, mravali wlis manZilze moskovis taZrebSi meezoved, mececxlurad da darajad muSaobda.

RvTis wyalobiT, terenti graneli emigraciis garegnul formas – Tavisi xalxisgan, mSobliuri enisa da kulturu-li garemosgan, naTesavebisa da megobrebisgan, sulierad monaTesave adamianebisgan mowyvetas – sabednierod, gadaur-Ca. unda iTqvas, rom amgvari mowyveta saziano iqneboda misi fsiqi-kisTvis, daamaxinjebda mas, SesaZloa, seriozuli de-formaciac gamoewvia da TviTmkvlelobisken ebiZga: „emigra-ciaSi TviTmkvlelobisken midrekilebis mizezi mxolod ma-terialuri saWiroebebi, momavali uzrunvelyofis arqona an avadmyofoba ki ar aris, aramed ufro didi saSinelebaa, rom sicocxlis bolomde ucxo da civ samyaroSi gixdeba cxovre-ba, es ki usazriso da umizno cxovrebaa“ (berdiaevi 1992: 7).

Cveni azriT, misi faqizi sulieri organizaciis gaTva-liswinebiT, poeti emigraciis garegnul formas ver gauZ-lebda. misi jvari Sinagani emigracia iyo.

gandgomilobisa da martoobis Sesaxeb, rasac Tavad ob-lobad gaiazrebda, poeti xSirad wers:

ra vqna, momdevs amnairi sevda,

sevda ufro maradiul saxis,

da mgonia, me ara var sxvebTan,

da ireva Cems garSemo xalxi.

mixaria es obloba dResac

da saRamos daviRlebi mwared,

marto vzivar da vucqeri zecas,

odnav mosCans foTlebidan mTvare.

(graneli 1979: 257)

leqsSi „Semodgoma“ (1927w) es azri refrenis saxiT meordeba, rogorc eqo (misi erT-erTi sayvareli xerxi):

ase nela gaviare, baRi,

ase nela CamovSordi yvelas.

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im dros, roca terenti graneli cxovrobda, Sinagan emig-racias erTeul SemTxvevebSi hqonda adgili da sruliadac ar iyo iseTi masobrivi, rogorc sabWoTa istoriis mogvino periodSi, roca TiTqmis yvela cnobili qarTveli Semoqme-di, intelignciis warmomadgeneli, simarTlis maZiebeli disidenti gaxda. Tumca, ukve 20-ian wlebSi, saqarTveloSi mravlad iyvnen isini, vinc sxvanairad fiqrobda da opozi-ciaSi edga bolSevikur reJims. SesaZloa, garkveulwilad, miviCnioT rom im periodSi Sinagani emigrantebi aseve iyvnen: valerian gafrindaSvili, kolau nadiraZe, paolo iaSvili da galktion tabiZec ki.

Tumca, terenti granelis cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebi-saTvis Sinagani emigracia namdvilad sabediswero gaxldaT.

aq unda visaubroT cnebebis – „sajaro“ da „piradi“ – Se-zRudulobasa da gamousadegarobaze terenti granelis Si-nagan emigraciasTan dakavSirebiT (iurgen habermansis ter-minologia). misi pirovnebis or personad imgvari gayofa SuZelebelia, roca erTi maTgani sajaro (sazogadoebriv) sferos ekuTvnis, meore ki – pirads. e.w. „pirovnebis gaxleCis“ kategoria prokrustes tyuili aRmoCndeba: qarTveli poeti gamorCeulad mTliani da harmoniulia rogorc mistikosis erTiani ipostasi.

granelis Sinagani emigracia – Cveni SexedulebiT – XX s-is 60-70-iani wlebis poet-disidentTa meezoved da darajad wasvlis msgavsia, Tumca aratipuri da calkeuli SemTxvevaa, Sesabamisad, unikaluric aris. metafizikuri bunebis gamo is mainc bevrad ufro seriozuli da mniSvnelovania, vidre misi msgavsi gviani gamovlinebebi postmodernul paradigmaSi.

aleqsandre solJenicinis mowodeba – „ar icxovro tyu-iliT“ – rogorc uprincipobis da nonkomformistuli fa-risevlobis erTgvari ideuri alternativa, terenti grane-lis SemTxvevaSi mainc Seusabamoa. yoveli misi sityva uRrmesi gulwrfelobis aqti, erTiani da ganuyofeli „RvTiuri si-marTlis“ aRsareba iyo. es istoriuli da metafizikuri si-marTle qarTuli nacionaluri mentalitetisTvis valdebu-lebis SegrZnebis da sakuTari RirsebisTvis arsobrivia.

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* * *disidentebisgan gansxvavebiT, romlebic sajaro protes-

tisken miiswrafvian, Sinagani emigrantebi politikas emij-nebian. saxelmwifos totalitaruli ideologiisadmi maTi uTanxmoeba, rogorc wesi, viwro axlobeli adamianebis wreSi, e.w. „samzareulos saubrebSi“ vlindeboda. saqarTveloSi ms-gavsi saubrebi tradiciul sufrasTan mimdinareobda, maga-liTad, Rvinis duqnebSi, romelic niko firosmanma ferweriT gadmosca. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom terenti graneli am kon-genialur mxatvars xotbas asxamda, masTan uRrmes Sinagan si-axloves grZnobda da amave dros sakuTar gansxvavebuloba-sac xedavda.

leqsSi „firosmani“ (1920w.) poetma ara mxolod misTvis ucxo „гуляки праздного“-s, aramed sakuTari oreulis – marto-suli geniis saxec moirgo, sasaflaos xilvebiT (CvenebebiT) da imqveyniuri misteriebiT... swored es misteriebia, romelTa gasaRebic meocnebe sulsa da idumal locvebSi imaleba

locviT amsxvrevdi ziarebad sasaflaoze,

sisxlian mkerdiT aitane brZolis armazi,

anTebul mxatvars saiqio, albaT, gaocebs.

kidev erTxel, xazgasmiT unda aRvniSnoT, rom swored am aspeqtiT terenti graneli sruliadac ar iyo Cveulebrivi Sinagani emigranti, aramed gamorCeuli, SeiZleba iTqvas, unikaluri gamovlineba gaxldaT, visi SeuTavseblobac ma-terialistur marqsist-leninistur ideologiasTan da uR-merTo sabWoTa saxelmwifos moqmedebebTan principuli xasi-aTisa iyo. gansakuTrebuli pirovneba, momavali genialuri niWiT dajildoebuli poeti, ara ubralod gansxvavebul ideologias qadagebda, aramed is sxvagvari msoflxedvis gamomxatveli iyo.

obieqturoba moiTxovs iTqvas, rom terenti granelis, rogorc Sinagani emigrantis, „formirebis“ procesi saqar-TveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebamde, konkretu-lad saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis arsebobis periodSi (1918-1921) daiwyo. es iyo rTuli, omisSemdgomi

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wlebi, rodesac ekonomikuri krizisis pirobebSi qarTveli xalxis keTildReoba katastrofulad daeca, mimdinareobda gaRatakebis procesi (ara mxolod saqarTveloSi, aramed yo-fili ruseTis imperiis mTel teritoriaze).

gana poeti 1917 wlis revoluciamde, rusuli imperiis qveSevrdomobisas, ar iyo gariyuli (Sinagani emigraciisken midrekili)?! jer kidev socialur gardatexamde, urbanizaci-isa da sovetizaciis periodamde, teqnologiuri ganviTare-bis gaZlierebamde (romelic saqarTveloSi 1921 wels daiwyo) ramdenime wliT adre msgavsi tendenciebi xels hkravda mas. poets aSinebda eleqtruli naTurebis „cofiani Tvalebi“, mas isev saeklesio sanTlebis rbili Suqi erCivna.

* * *udidesma frangma filosofosma emil diurkheimma (1858-

1917), sociologiis erT-erTma damfuZvnebelma, mecniere-baSi Semoitana anomiis gageba (frang. Anomie (ukanonoba) dakavSirebulia Zvel berZnul sityvasTan (a – uaryofiTi TavsarTi, vomos – kanoni). amgvari gageba ara mxolod sisxlis samarTlis da samoqalaqo kodeqsis darRvevis asaxsnelad aRmoCnda warmatebuli, aramed Taviseburi, avadmyofuri an ucnauri qcevis, miRebul sazogadoebriv normebze uaris Tqmis gasaazrebladac.

amgvari qcevis gamovlinebad SeiZleba miviCnioT cxov-rebiseuli imedgacrueba, apaTia, suiciduri ganwyobileba. anomia Tan axlavs sazogadoebis ganviTarebis iseT fazas, rodesac dgeba daSlis, dezintegraciis, Rirebulebebisa da normebis dacemis dro, rac garantirebul sazogadoeb-riv wesrigs ganapirobebda. aq drouli iqneba, romis impe-ria da misi dacema gavixsenoT. saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi mis sovetizaciasa da masStabur socialistur gardaqmnaze pirdapiri gagebiT anomiaze saubari ar iqneba marTebuli. Tumca, anomiis erT-erTi arsobrivi niSani mainc TvalsaCinoa: revoluciamdeli feodalur-burJuaziuli RirebulebaTa sistema daingra, xolo axali komunisturi sistema Zalado-biT amkvidrebda mebrZol aTeizms cxovrebaSi da „social-

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istur realizms“ literaturasa da xelovnebaSi, romelic jer kidev ar iyo myari da sabolood gaformebuli.

aseT arasaxarbielo fonze, XX s-is 20-ian wlebSi, viTar-deboda terenti grnelis Semoqmedeba. Tumca, poetisTvis es foni gansakuTrebuli „stimulis mimcemi“ aRmoCnda. WeSma-ritad, „netaria, vinc es qveyana sabediswero wuTebSi ixila“ (f. tiutCevi)!...

krebuli „memento mori“ poetis SemoqmedebSi ara mxolod namdvilad niSandobliv nawarmoebad, aramed msoflio poezi-is eqstraordinalur gamovlinebad iqca. misi wamyvani lait-motivi, romelic saTaurSivea gamotanili, gaismis rogorc samgloviaro zari mokvdavi adamianis cxovrebaSi, rogorc uZvelesi filosofiuri sibrZne msoflio religiis – upirve-lesad qristianobis mcneba.

cnobilia fransua laroSfukos aforizmi: „verc mzes da verc sikvdils ganuwyvetliv ver uyureb“ (laroSfuko 1971: 36). terenti graneli SiSis gareSe uyurebda sikvdils, rogorc mzes da Tvals ar aridebda mas! Tumca, mas sarkeSi Caxedvisa eSinoda, raTa Tavidan aecilebina momakvdinebeli, sakuTari anareklis verdanaxvis, safrTxe... am fatalurma winaaRmdegobriobam saSineli sulieri gaoreba gamoiwvia.

imis daSvebam, rom ar arsebobs sulis ukvdaveba, gardac-vlilTa mkvdreTiT aRdgoma, – saerTo egzistencialurma mwuxarebis atmosferom, usazriso cxovrebam, romelsac sikvdili aufasurebs, srul martoobamde miiyvana poeti. swored aq aris misi Sinagani emograciis „kvintesencia“. am-gvari sulieri mdgomareobis wyalobiT poetis fiqri Zalian did koncentracias aRwevs, xolo misi STagoneba „qronikul“ formas iRebs, riskenac goeTe mouwodebda („poeti – STago-nebis mflobelia, is masze unda batonobdes“).

terenti granelis cxovrebasa da poeziaSi cxadad Cans sikvdiliT mojadoveba. poets, misi Semoqmedebis mkvlevar-ma da biografosma – leri alimonakma „mgloviare serafimi“ uwoda (alimonaki 1974).

amave dros wminda mamebi da eklesiis swavlulebi auci-leblad miiCneven, sikvdilis, anu adamianis arsebobis xan-

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mokleobis, miwieri cxovrebis amaoebisa da warmavalobis xsovnis gaRviZebas. Memento Mori Zvel filosofosTa sibr-Znea, romelic jer kidev RmerTis gankacebamde arsebobda.

Zilis win morwmune qristins marTebs imaze fiqri, rom Cveni sawoli kubos hgavs, Ramis wyvdiadi bnel samares, siz-mari ki patara sikvdilia. sikvdilis angelozi yovel RamiT Tavs dagvtrialebs da aucilebelia locva, imisTvis rom RmerTma codvebi mogvitevos – TiTqos, es Cveni ukanaskneli Ramea. amgvarad, cxovreba ukanaskneli wamisTvis mzadeba da sikvdilis xelovnebaa. swored ase hqvia XVsaukunis itali-eli beris, Zma ieronime savonarolas, wigns „sikvdilis xe-lovneba“ (“Predica dell Arte del ben morire”).

sikvdili imisTvisaa saWiro, rom samyaro borotebazea damyarebuli da masSi codva batonobs... „yovel Sens saqmeSi gaxsovdes sakuTari aRsasruli da aRarasdros Sescodav“ (ieso sirahi VII, 39). terenti granels hqonda es xsovna da Ta-visi gasaocari leqsebiT Cvenc gvaxsenebda da kvlavac gvax-senebs amas!

„sikvdilis Semdgomi, momavali saukuno cxovreba sa-idumloebiTaa moculi da gonebis yovelnairi mcdeloba, Caswvdes sikvdils da SeaRwios mis saufloSi, uSedegoa. mxolod rwmena gvaniWebs frTebs, romelic gvexmareba am mi-uwvdomel sazRvars mivaRwioT, mxolod sulieri gamocdi-leba gvaZlevs imqveyniur cxovrebaze saubris saSualebas da isic mxolod „marCielobis, bundovani SuSis miRma“ yurebis msgavsad“. (bulgakovi 1987:1)

qristianobaSi sikvdilisadmi damokidebuleba Rrmad wi-naaRmdegobrivia. swored is gviRebs kars maradiuli cxov-rebisaTvis da amis gamo kurTxeulicaa. Tumca wminda weril-Si naTqvamia: „ukanaჲskneli mteri igi ganqardes, sikudili“ (1kor. 15:26). swored am tragikuli antinomizmis siRrmise-uli gamoxatva SeZlo terenti granelma Tavis Seudarebel leqsebSi:

es saavadmyofo kubos magonebs,sikvdilze fiqri aq ufro mRalavs.gamomelia marTla Zal-Rone,

gamomelia sicocxlis Zala.

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vfiqrob sikvdilze da raRac sxvaze

da Cems garSemo fiqrebis tyea.

isev marto var sevdian bzaze,

isev SabaTis mziani dRea.

Tumca, gverds ver avuvliT TviTmkvlelobis infernalur motivebs granelis poeziaSi, adamianuri arsebobis dacemul da codvil bunebaze rom mianiSnebs. ai, leqsSi „gaRviZeba sikvdilis Semdeg“ poeti sakuTar warmosaxvaSi sikvdilis Sem-dgom cxovrebas aseT Savbnel ferebSi xatavs (rac srulebiT ar hgavs wmindanTa aRTqmuls):

ra siCumea velze, da umZafresi Ronisaq, sxvaTaSoris, mec var, qariSxalia dRemde.da mwuxarebiT vumzer gamomeRviZa, mgoni,

marad mdumare zecas. gardacvalebis Semdeg.

terenti granelis uzarmazari emociuri diapazoniT – uRrmesi melanqoliidan, RvTisgan mitovebulobis Segr-Znebidan, samyaros silamaziT tkbobamde, siyvaruliTa da locviTi eqstaziT Trobamde – uneblieT gaocebuli rCebi. es WeSmaritad geniis Tvisebaa. misi auris pulsacia, SesaZ-loa, usasrulobamdec gafarTovdes da erT wertiladac iq-ces. msoflio poeziaSi amgvari analogis povna rTulia.

Sinagani emigraciis (mokveTilobis) mdgomareobidan po-eti, TiTqos, Ria kosmosSi aiWreba. albaT, misi suli sxeuls ganeSoreba, astralSi gaiWreba, sxeuli ki levitaciis una-riTaa dajildoebuli. es poeturi mistika borkilebisgan gaTavisuflebis umaRlesi mcdelobaa:

RmerTo! gamafrine

da qriste maCvene.

SemTxveviTi ar aris rom graneli Tavis erT-erT leqsSi sakuTar Tavs angelozad moixseniebs.

poeti „platonis gamoqvabulis“ cnobili motivis qris-tianizebul, Suasaukunebis „dioptriis~ (sulis saubari sxe-ulTan) suliskveTebis gadaazrebas gvTavazobs:

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suli gafrinda TeTri mtrediviT,

sxeuli darCa codvil miwaze.

granelis mistikuri poeziis Sesaxeb unda iTqvas, rom is WeSmaritad sazRvrebis gadalaxvaa! – es sruliadac ar aris kalamburi. amasTan dakavSirebiT nikolai berdiaevis Rrma-azrovani msjeloba gvaxsendeba: „sakuTar TavSi mistikuri CaRrmaveba yovelTvis iqedan gaRwevis, sazRvris garRvevis gzaa“ (berdiaevi 1989: 498).

sikvdilis SiSi poets mTeli cxovreba Tan sdevda da tolstoisagan gansxvavebiT, am SiSis aRiarebisa da sikvdi-lisTvis pirdapir TvalebSi Caxedvis ar eSinoda!... es aRiare-ba uRrmesi aRsareba gaxldaT, swored igia granelis poeziis ZiriTadi arsi da amave dros misi Sinagani emigraciis mTavari mizezi. SesaZloa, poeti ver wvdeboda sxvagvar SiSs – RvTis SiSs, rac imgvari sibrZnis sawindaria, romliTac sikvdilis SiSi daiZleva.

zogierT leqsis gaTvaliswinebiT, granelis poeziaSi sikvdilis SiSs Tan sdevs sicocxlis (cxovrebis) SiSic. swo-red es garemoeba Sinagani emigraciisaTvis gvaZlevs Zlier damatebiT impulss, srul mowyvetilobas (mokveTilobas) badebs da SeiZleba miaRwios ( da aRwevs kidec) namdvil TviT-izolaciamde, infernalur melanqoliamde da TviTmkvlelo-bis cdunebamde.

RvTis mowyalebam poeti ar datova, wyalobad avadmyo-foba mouvlina da amiT daicva is SeSlilobisa da TviTmkvle-lobisgan, umkurnala da gadaarCina geniis suli, Seismina misi locvebi:

RmerTo! nu SemSli, Zala momeci,RmerTo! me ukve gavcildi saazRvars.viRac ucnobis oxvra momesmis

da wvimis wveTi ecema sadRac.

Tavis saukeTeso leqsebSi, namdvil SedevrebSi, poeti sZlevs sikvdilis SiSs, maRldeba axal aRTqmiseul sityve-bamde: „ukanaჲskneli mteri igi ganqardes, sikudili“ (1kor. 15: 26). azri ki ufro naTeli da gasagebi xdeba:

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msurs, gadavlaxo sivrce,

minda, gaveqce sikvdils.

poetis suls kvlav acocxlebs aRdgomaze fiqri:

kviris wirvebSi codvil taZrebs asweven mkvdrebi,

Tavis wameba samrekloze marto me minda.o, viyri muxlebs, sinanuliT Sen gevedrebi,

me, gaWirvebuls da sacodavs, RmerTo, Seminde!

granelis araerT leqsSi gamoxatuli sulismieri tan-jva, romelic sxeulis xundebisgan gaTavisuflebisken mi-iswrafvis, aiZulebs pirdapir Suamavlis gareSe mimarTos da mouxmos sicocxlis momniWebel da yovlismcodne RmerTs:

Ramea Cumi da maRla nislia

da Senze fiqriT bevrjer avenTebi.

poeti cremliT da amaRelveblad mimarTavs RmerTs – mi-wier siameebs inaniebs da loculobs („RmerTo, miSvele da mapatie“), amqveyniuri arsebobis sazRvris gadalaxvis daC-qarebas sTxovs, qristes meored mosvlas imedovnebs: „vidre hxval, ufalo!“

misi poeziis laitmotivi „gaxsovdes sikvdili!“ – zneob-riv imperativad iqceva, romelic gvaxsenebs keTili cxovre-bis aucileblobas, rogorc „keTili sikvdilis xelovnebas“ (Àrs bene moriende“) keTil saqmeTa aRsrulebisken imisTvis, rom Rirseulad movemzadoT sicocxlis dasrulebisTvis. es aris xelovnebis umaRlesi mizani, rogorc mTavari sulieri misia. Cven ar viciT, terenti graneli gaazrebulad isaxavda Tu ara amgvar amocanas. ara mgonia. Tumca (amgvaria geniis xasiaTi!) poetma es amocana Seasrula. es sakiTxi ukve scdeba Cveni moxsenebis Temas, Tumca is aucileblad iqceva momava-li kvlevebis sagnad.

rusulidan Targmna arCil weredianma

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zeinab saria

graneli – qarTuli poeziis

erTi ganumeorebeli xma da feri

a) oriode ganmarteba terenti granelis poeziis Sesaxeb

vwuxvar, rom am oriode ganmartebis dawera miwevs. aseve davwerdi saTanado Sexmianebas galaktionis, leoniZis, paolo iaSvilis an tician tabiZis Sesaxeb, rom damWirvebo-da. am saTqmelis adresati erTi an ori adamianic rom iyos mxolod, amgvari ram mainc unda iTqvas.

Turme arsebobs filologi, romelsac ise ukvirs grane-lis sevda da ise xelaRebiT uwodebs mas nekrofils, TiTqos am pirovnebas gamoegonebinos naRveli mxolod da mxolod sixaruliT savse dedamiwaze; TiTqos antikuri xanidan ar Seqmniliyos elegia, rogorc sevdis kamertoni; TiTqos naRveli ar Seamxanagebodes poetur xelovnebaSi elegias (horaciusi 1981: 32); TiTqos kacobriobas aTaswleulebSi ar mohyvebodes eklesiastes gminva; TiTqos renesansis epo-qidan evropul poeziaSi elegias araerTgzis ganaxleba ar ganecados; TiTqos 1674 wels dabeWdil `poetur xelovneba-Si~ (nikola bualo) Zalze xelSesaxebad ar xasiaTdebodes am Janris arsi:

mwuxare elegiam glovis grZel samoselSi

icis kvnesa, agreTve TmagaSlilma kuboze.

(bualo 19998: 51)

TiTqos germanel goeTes ar daeweros `romauli elegi-ebi~ da `marienbadis elegiebi~; TiTqos inglisel persi biSi Selis kalams ar gamoexatos elegiuri tonalobebi, rainer maria rilkes ar Seeqmnas `duinuri elegiebi~, TiTqos es Janri ucxo iyos a. puSkinisa da m. lermontovisTvis, TiTqos qarTvel mkiTxvels vaxtang VI-is gulismomkvleli moTqma

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ar waekiTxos, qarTvel romantikosTa sevdiT ar dabindvo-des guli. aRarafers vambob me-20 saukunis qarTvel poetTa calkeul nawarmoebebze, oRond me-19 aswleulidan gansa-kuTrebiT vaJa ki gamaxsendeba 1986 wels dawerili leqsiT `simRera~:

me ro tirili mewados,

Tqven vis ra gindaT, netara?

erTi icinis, sxva stiris,

eseTi ari qveyana.

visac ar mogwonsT tirili,

is nu dasjdebiT CemTana;

mtirali stviris patroni

fexs rogor gavswvdi TqvenTana?!

magram gavigebT erTxelac

vin axlo vsgdevarT RmerTTana.

(vaJa 1979: 34)

granelis sevdas nekrofilia ki ara, sicocxlis safrTxe-Si yofnis tkivili asazrdoebs. sasicocxlo gzebis Zieba erT-erTi gamokveTili motivia misi poeziisa:

veZeb viRacas da ufro wmindas,

ar vfiqrob, vinme rom damewios.

uarvyof sikvdils, xelaxla minda

isev sicocxlis gzebi veZio.

(`sicocxle~, graneli 1991: 13)

visac ara sjera, rom granels sikvdili ar xiblavs da am ideaSi dasarwmuneblad pirdapiri mniSvnelobis sityvebi unda Cahyviro, gavaxseneb: `RmerTo, ra Zneli ram aris sik-vdilis Sinaarsis daxasiaTeba mTeli Tavisi maxinji mniS-vnelobiT~ (graneli 1991: 263). es aris nawyveti meliton na-riSvilTan gamosaTxovari sityvidan.

àraferia ar aris iseTi saidumlo, miuwvdomeli adami-anis gonebisaTvis, rogorc es wyeuli sikvdilis raoba. aq aris umaRlesi tragizmis bneli cecxlebi danTebuli, romelic mTel msoflios dafarfatebs Tavze, rogorc saSinelebis

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Savi aCrdili~ (graneli 1991: 264). es aris amonaridi griSa jiqiasTan gamosaTxovari sityvidan.

rogorc vnaxeT, sikvdili granelisaTvis `saSinebe-lis Savi aCrdilia~. ai, gasaRebi sityvisa `saSineleba~, rac ramdenimegan gvxvdeba kidec mis leqsebSi, rogorc swored sikvdilis metafora, mavanma ki froidistuli JiniT waiki-Txa, rogorc dasTan Secodebis simbolo. es aris dRemde gaugonari, warmoudgeneli da miuRebeli interpretacia. amis dasturad gamogvadgeba Zmuri kdemamosilebiT dawerili baraTi `Cemo Zvirfaso dao zozia~ (graneli 1991: 265).

ded-mamiT obolsa da umegobros vin unda gaxseneboda gasaWirSi, Tu ara RviZli da? vis SeiZleba es gaukvirdes? Zalze bunebrivia sityvebi:

ar mSordeba me uZilo Rame,damexseni, laJvardebis cao!male modi da miSvele rame,male modi, viRupebi, dao!

(`mimarTva disadmi~, graneli 1991: 155)

ojaxur siTbosa da sakuTar Wersmoklebul granels, aba, vin hyavda debis meti, mSobliuri grZnobiT rom mialersebo-da? sazRvriT situaciebSi dis mofereba rom monatreboda, ra aris amaSi miuRebeli da codvad CasaTvleli? adamiani, romelic leqsSi `mimarTva xisadmi~ wers: `Zvirfaso xeo, Sen migeyrdnobi/ Zvirfaso xeo, rame mirCie,/ me geubnebi mwuxare grZnobiT:/ es tkivilebi Sen momirCine~, aseve uSualod ratom ver dawerda:

idga SuadRe, vambobdi: dao!minda alersi.Canda saydari da sasaflaopetre-pavlesi.

(`sasaflaosaken~, graneli 1991: 137)

aseTive Zmuri gancdiTaa nakvebi Semdegi leqsi:

oTaxSi vzivar, gareT midianda caze isev mifrinavs wero.

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me daviRale, ar SemiZliada minda, debi rom momeferon.

aq sicivea da dganan mTebi

da sulSi TeTri angelozia.

sad aris Cemi Zvirfasi debi,

sad aris maSo anda zozia?!.

arsad araferi amRvrevs daZmobis siankares. orive das graneli maRali mowiwebiT ixsenebs yovelTvis, xolo zo-zias bunebrivad eriTmeba àvgarozia~, àngelozia~. ase rom, yovlad uadgiloa granelis dawyvileba baironTan incestis braldebiT.

nekrofilia da incesti yuriT moTreuli raobebia granelTan.

RmerTo maRalo, Turme SesaZlebeli yofila sxva bral-debac: galaktionis epigonoba!

Tu graneli popularulia, tragikuli biografiis, misi poeziis Tematikisa da galaktionis epigonobis gamoo!!!

Tematika garedan Zalad miwebebuli iarliyi xom ar aris, Semoqmedis Sinagani aucileblobiT amoTqmuli raobaa. yo-vel Semoqmeds Tavisi saTqmeli moaqvs. es xom misi bunebis gamovlenaa da ara vinmes mier xelovnurad Tavsmoxveuli ram? biografia xom adamianis pirovnuli identobis uSinaga-nesi maxasiaTebelia? swored biografiiT arian Rrmad indi-vidualurebi Tundac msgavsi tragikuli bedis Semoqmedebi: firosmani da graneli. biografia pirovnebis yvelaze myari `mea~, yvelaze marTali mocemuloba da ganumeorebloba. braldebis eg ori komponenti – Tematika da biografia – Se-moqmedis individualobiT aris ganpirobebuli, misi bunebiT, TvalTaxedviT, midrekilebiT. Tu yovelive aman avtoris, xelovanis popularobaSi wvlili Seitana, asec unda momxda-riyo. sakuTar wamebul biografiasa da mis mzeraSi moqceul saglov problemebs vayvedriT terenti granels?..

rac Seexeba epigonobas, amas xom bevrad ufro safuZ-vliani mizezi unda hqondes, vidre galaktioniseuli sityva `fervalis~ gamoyenebaa leqsSi:

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jvarebTan gaivlis faruli vedreba,

wirvebiT wamiRebs wamebis mwvervali,

vardisfer sarkeSi survili berdeba,


graneli sakuTari melodiis Semoqmedia, alag yru da alag mkveTri wuxilis kamertonis gamxmianebeli; melanqo-liuri poeziis avtori, romelic orsityviani formuliT ase mogvmarTavs: `memento mori!~ sevda-naRvels ra tonalobebi-ca aqvs, yvela gvasmina; mistikis karebi SegviRo da Segvaxeda; arc erTi sityviT xelisuflebas gundruki ar ukmia; rode-sac tropTa feradebis feierverki idga, yuris damatkbobeli sityvebis triukebiT yiras gadadiodnen, man saswaulebri-vi sisadave airCia da amiT gamoirCa cisferyanwelTaganac, galaktionisaganac, futuristebisaganac da sxva dajgufe-bis SemoqmedTaganac. arc erTi sityva ar wamocdenia yalbi efeqtebisTvis. rodesac sxvani gamoTqmis paTosiT SefuT-vaze zrunavdnen, CuqurTmebian saxeebs miawyobdnen leqseb-Si, is TiTqmis ukiduresad SiSvel saTqmels ambobda, magram amas ise axerxebda, mkiTxvelze saocar zemoqmedebas axdenda.

sxva vin iyo, mTeli samyaro rom ecva SiSvel sxeulze, po-etur impulsebs Ria cidan iRebda da leqssac bolos ase awerda: `Tbilisi, 10 agvisto, Rame, ganTiadi. quCa~.

xolo misi savizito taepebi Tu gnebavT, ai, isic:

ara sicocxle.

ara sikvdili.

aramed raRaca sxva.

erTaderTi mxolod es nawarmoebi rom daewera, mainc SeaRebda ukvdavebis karebs.

visTan SeiZleba am poetis mimsgavseba? paralelebi uT-valavi SeiZleba gvqondes qarTvelebTanac da ucxoeleb-Tanac, magram graneli Tavis mTavar xazebSi swored rom ara-vis ara hgavs. sazRvargareT rom earseba amgvar poets, axla aTasgvari gamocemiT, aTasgvari gamokvleviT waredginebo-da igi msoflios. Cven, qarTvelebi, nacvlad imisa, rom va-

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fasebdeT, maRali goniT vikvlevdeT, ucxoel mkiTxvelebsac Sesaferisad warvudgendeT, galaktionis CrdilSi vamyofebT. arc erT sxva poets araferi akldeba granelis sidiadiT, miT ufro – didebul galaktions. yvela namdvil poets sakuTa-ri idumaleba, elferi da pulsacia aqvs, sakuTari sisxlis Sxefebi daudis leqsebSi (Tu rogor, amaze vrceli gamokv-levis dawera SeiZleba da weren kidevac).

xom SeiZleba, cxovrebis romeliRac etapze mobezrdes adamians artistizmis efeqtebsa da tropis minanqarSi amov-lebuli saTqmeli da moenatros granelis sada leqsi?..

zogadqarTul sivrceSi kolxur wyurgilesaviT amodin-da misi poezia.

nuravis SeeSindeba granelis Sriala leqsis aRiarebisa. is sxvas ar akninebs, TviTon maRldeba.

b) orstrofiani kompoziciebi granelis poeziaSi

granelis SemoqmedebaSi yuradRebas ipyrobs orstro-fiani poeturi kompoziciebi, romlebic ar Tavsdeba tradi-ciuli formis molodinis CarCoebSi; zRvis sanapiroze na-povni niJarebiviT Sriala leqsebi, romlebSic adamis modgmis safiqrali gamoketila; romlebSic ZexorcielTa satkivari dgas da xmianebs; leqsebi Taviseburi pulsaciiT.

zogadad rom gadavavloT Tvali granelis konvenciuri formiT daweril leqsebs, vnaxavT, formis TvalsazrisiT poets sada qmnilebebi aqvs. gamoxatvis axali formebis Zi-eba TiTqos ar iyo misi interesebis sferoSi. gulidan daZ-rul emociebs, gancdebs, grZnobebs gzas aZlevda graneli da iseTi daubrkolebeli, bunebrivi, laRi dineba aqvs taepebs, gvafiqrebinebs, rom spontanurad gadmodis saTqmeli pwka-rebSi da im samoss irgebs, mocemul qronotopSi rom arse-bobs. am fiqrs adasturebs misi Tanamedrove ioseb bJa-lavas mogoneba: „mas, mgoni, arc erTi leqsi magidasTan ar dauweria; zepirad werda da Semdeg gadahqonda qaRaldze.

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mas araerTxel waukiTxavs CemTvis qaRaldis naglejze gada-tanili Tavisi leqsi“ (rogava 2013: 29–30).

miuxedavad amisa, aris mis poziaSi saleqso forma, romel-ic sxva poetebTan ar fiqsirdeba, SeiZleba mis novaciad CaiT-valos. es aris orstrofiani kompoziciebi, romlebic erTian mxatvrul sxeuls qmnis da saintereso sulier eqspresias amJRavnebs.

magaliTad, davakvirdeT erT usaTauro orstrofeds:

wami mravali wami mavali

da wami erTi. da wami TeTri.

wami mavali wami mravali

da wami TeTri. da wami erTi.

(graneli 1991: 112)

yoveli msjelobis safuZveldamdebia teqstis gageba. amasTan, teqsts ar unda movaxvioT Tavs `sakuTari SezRu-duli saazrovno Cvevebi~ da vecadoT, gaverkvioT `teqstis saganTa arsSi~; anu imaSi, rac `teqstSi mun myofobs~ (gada-meri 2012: 264). SeiZleba, Segveqmnas pirveli STabeWdileba, romelsac kritikuli gaxedva-gamoxedva sWirdeba. rac ufro CavuRrmavdebiT teqsts, SeiZleba, pirveli monaxazis kore-qtireba mogvixdes, sanam ar miviRebT saboloo Tvalsazriss. amgvari TeoriiT SeiaraRebulni mivuaxlovdeT saanalizo teqsts.

xom ginaxavT gedi da misi anarekli wyalSi an gvirila na-pirze da realuri gvirilas simetriuli efemeruli gamosa-xuleba tbaSi? daaxloebiT msgavsi ram xdeba granelis or-strofedebSi. davarqvaT amas `sarkis efeqtiT~ wera: pirvel strofSi racaa, sarkiseburad, e.i. Setrialebulad aisaxeba meoreSi. amgvari simetriiT iwereba leqsi. sarke mistiuri raobaa. iq SeiZleba realoba gadafaros xelovnurma gamo-saxulebam. WeSmarit da MmoCvenebiT realobas gangvasxvave-binebs sarke. mas cru efeqtebic axasiaTebs. is kvazirealobaa. man SeiZleba gonebis miRma dafaruli sferoc (aracnobieri)aireklos.

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iqneb, or paralelur sibrtyezea gaTvlili es nawarmo-ebebi – realursa da irealurze? samyaro ar aris martivi. igi orazrovania. sinamdvile winaaRmdegobrivia – iqneb, amg-var rames gveubneba avtori Setrialebuli taepebis SifriT? iqneba moCvenebiTia am leqsebis simartive da rogorc sarkeSi asaxuli raoba, or paralelur sibrtyeze simetriulad mo-cemuli, aq gadmocemuli saTqmelic met fiqrs moiTxovs? an iqneb swored iluzorulobis gancdis aRZvras emsaxurebo-des avtoris Setrialebuli taepebi? sarke gaorebuli fsi-qikis simboloc aris. hoda, gaorebuli fsiqikis viTarebaze xom ar migvaniSnebs es teqstebi?

davubrundeT citirebul leqss. filosofiuri gansji-saken midrekili poeti, romelic yoveldRiurobas poeziad gardaqmnis, ukvirdeba kontrasts – Cveulebriv da maradiul wams. modernizmis epoqis poets surs realobis sazRvrebis garRveva da maradisobasTan miaxloeba. cnobilia, rom mo-dernistebi iswrafvodnen zedroulisaken, absolutur mo-mavalSi gasvlisaken.

saanalizo leqsSi poeturi paralelizmi gvaqvs. para-lelizmSi analogiaa zaxgasmuli. `paralelizmis erTi nawi-li Seimecneba analogiuri meore nawilis meSveobiT~ (lotmani 2012: 115). pirvel – meore taepebSi mravlisa da erTis kontrasti gvaqvs, polarulad sapirispiro semantikis sityvebi:

wami mravali

da wami erTi.

mesame da meoTxe taepebic amgvarive kontrastzea Cafiqrebuli:

wami mavali

da wami TeTri.

aq analogiuri mniSvneloba eniWeba `mravalsa~ da `ma-vals~, èrTsa~ da `TeTrs~. amasTan erTad, vamCnevT, rom sityvebs (mavali, TeTri) granelis poetur struqturaSi sagangebo mniSvneloba SeeZina, Tumca saleqsikono mniS-vnelobasac inarCunebs.

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`wami mavali~ warmavali wamia, mimdinare, mswraflgaqro-badi. `wami TeTri~ upirispirdeba denad da gaqrobad wams. e.i. `wami TeTri~ ukvdavyofili wamia. ukvdaveba imdenad dade-biTi konotaciis enobrivi erTeulia, TeTr Seferilobas iZens. nawarmoebSi sawuTrosa da maradisobis dapirispire-baa. ai, es aris kodirebuli am cicqna leqsSi. avtorma gaime-ora Setrialebuli taepebi, riTac azrobriv-intonaciur gradacias miaRwia. leqsi mTavrdeba am taepiT: `da wami er-Ti~. uTvalavi erTferovani wamidan gamocalkevebuli `wami erTi~ maradi wamia, maradisoba ki poetis samyofelia.

maqsimebiseburi mokle frazebi zogjer azris gadmoce-ma ki ara, poetis SegrZnebebis aRdgenaa. aq TiTqos avtorma Zalze xelSesaxebad SeigrZno maradi wami.

rogorc vxedavT, taepTa Setrialebuli gameorebiT musikaluri variaciis efeqtic Seiqmna da saazrovno Sinaar-sic gamoikveTa, radganac azrobriv-intonaciuri gradacia miviReT. rac Seexeba riTmas, igi aqac da sxvaganac (am tipis leqsebSi) jvaredinia.

erT-erT amgvar orstrofeds `qariSxali~ hqvia, mamas eZRvneba da teqsti aseTia:

Sors qariSxali mihqris, es umkrTalesi fiqri,

aq – sevdiani kvnesa. es uwmindesi zeca.

es umkrTalesi fiqri, Sors qariSxali mihqris,

es uwmindesi zeca. aq – sevdiani kvnesa.

(graneli 1991: 103)

es is teqstia, avtorisTvis mamis monatrebis SegrZneba rom moaqvs, Tumca ufro zusti iqneba vTqvaT, TviT mamis gaxsenebas mohyveba asociaciebis amgvari rkali: sevdanare-vi kvnesa, umkrTalesi, fergacrecili fiqri, uwmindesi ca. saintereso is aris, rom arc erTi asociacia materialurad tlanqi ar aris, aramiwierad faqizia, zeasvlis, livlivis STabeWdilebas qmnis, uxorco simsubuqis, sizmarSi Tu ira-cionalurSi yofnis msgavss. aseTi niuansuri miniSnebebiT gvaxsenebs mamas poeti. arc erTi xmamaRali sityva, arc ri-oSi tonaloba, bageebSi CurCuliT naSobi leqsi!.. modernis-

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tuli epoqis tropul nairgvarobaTa droebaSi, farSevangis gaSlil bolosaviT efeqturi mxatvruli xerxebis kaskadSi man aseTi siCume Camoayena.

roca am ciklis leqsebs kiTxulob, grZnob, rom es ori strofi semantikuri mTlianobaa, erTi poetur-azrobrivi struqturaa, azrobrivad mTliania, myari strofuli war-monaqmnia, orstrofedia. davukvirdeT konstruqciis zeda-pirs. taepTa varirebis principi aseTia: Tu pirveli katre-nis taepebs aRvniSnavT abcd asoebiT, vnaxavT, rom meore katreni pirvelis variaciaa da taepTa aseTi monacvleoba gvaqvs: cdab.

variacia – es aris nawarmoebis elementebis saxecvli-leba ise, rom ZiriTadi Canafiqri ucvleli iyos. mimdinare-obs ZiriTadi Temis gameoreba da damuSaveba saxecvlilebiT (WabaSvili 1973 : 144). cnobilia ludvig van beThovenis 32 va-riacia fortepianosaTvis. aseve cnobilia, rom iozef haid-nis zogierTi simfoniis meore nawili variaciuli formiT viTardeba.

ar aris SemTxveviTi taepTa variaciebis gaCena orstro-fedis meore katrenSi. musikalobis dominantia granelis orstrofian kompoziciebSi. meore strofi musikaluri variaciis STabeWdilebas axdens. sada frazebi orakulis metyvelebas hgavs, magiur datvirTvas iZens. refrenis funqciasac iTavsebs gameorebuli taepebi. gameorebisas saTqmeli axali azrobrivi elferiT aRiWurveba, an emociur simZafres iZens.

sarkiseburi asaxvis erT-erTi saxeobaa palindromic. graneli am formiT ar dainteresebula. mas ar ainteresebs verbaluri ekvilibristika. mis orstrofian kompozici-ebSi taepobrivi arekvla rom gvaqvs, es ar aris meqanikuri gameoreba, Tanafardi, Tanxvedri anu kongruentuli raoba. sarkisebur arekvlas an emociuri simZafre moaqvs an gaZ-lierebuli azrobrivi elferi.

msgavsi kompoziciuri principiTaa agebuli leqsi `Tov-li~, romelic isev mamas eZRvneba:

158

gareT Tova nela, movSordi yvelas

SigniT qaria. da mixaria.

movSordi yvelas gareT Tovs nela,

da mixaria. SigniT qaria.

roca yvelas Sordebi da es gixaria, cxadia, es imas niSnavs, rom ucxo garemocvaSi yofilxar. granels TviT yvelaze sada leqsSic amoucurdeba iseTi moulodneli si-tyvaTSexameba, romelic mis esTetikas amxels. aq amgvari frazaa „SigniT qaria“. igi sulis vizualur xats qmnis. da-varqvaT amas minimaluri xatovanebiT maqsimaluris miRweva. davukvirdeT, ra mSvidad da ubralod gviTxra, SigniT qa-riao, TiTqos mZafr sulier eqspresiaze ar migvaniSnebdes.

im epoqaSi, romlis xorcieli Svilia graneli, artistu-li JestebiTa da feradovani leqsikiT iwereboda leqsebi, mxatvruli samkaulebiT ikmazeboda da garkveuli paTosic hqonda saneleblad. granelma am sacTurebs uari uTxra.

sxvadasxva yaidis poetebi arseboben. sxvaa graneli. sxva intims hqmnis misi leqsi. Tu SeiZleba idumalebas feri da surneli hqondes, gagefiqreba, rom igi granelis leqsis-feria da misive taepebis ganumeorebeli surneli dahkravs (martoobis, imedgacruebis, Ria cisqveSeTis, sicivisa da Sim-Silis tonalobebi). SeazaveT komfortuli empiriuli cxov-rebis miRma darCena, yoveldRiuri materialuri sayrdenis gamocla, Ria cisqveS binadroba, roca mTeli samyaro tansac-mlad gacvia, magram erTi normaluri samosi ver moginaxavs; roca yvela gardacvalebis Tanamoziare xar, Sen ki martod-marto myofs amogdis suli; roca miwis talaxSi CarCenils zeca gixmobs da amas grZnob sxeulis yvela ujrediT; roca principulad ar imeteb erT pwkarsac SenTvis miuRebeli xe-lisuflebis sadideblad, mas ki mxolod uRiarebloba da sa-giJeTi emeteba SenTvis... SeazaveT yvelaferi es da moixazeba konturebi poetisa, romelsac graneli hqvia.

...da es poeturi samyaro zedmeti mxatvruli dekoris gareSe Seiqmna, xolo orstrofedebi kidev ufro sadaa am TvalsazrisiT, maqsimalurad gantvirTulia tropebisagan.

159

poetma ipova is marTali intonacia da sasicocxlo sityvebi, mis gulisTqmas rom amoitanda Sinasknelidan.

leqsSi `RmerTi~ aseTi teqstia:

yvelgan RmerTia. TiTqos erTiaRmerTo, damicav. es mze da miwa.TiTqos erTia yvelgan RmerTia,es mze da miwa. RmerTo, damicav!..

(graneli 1991: 168)

aris sityvebi, romlebsac TavianTi gansakuTrebuli emo-ciuri veli aqvT. aseTi leqsikuri erTeulia RmerTi. mas samyaros mTlianobis SegrZneba moaqvs. araviTari frazis ornamentebi da feradovneba. asec moaxerxa avtorma, rom egrZnobinebina CvenTvis samyaro, rogorc erTi harmoni-uli universumi. aq mkiTxvelisTvis moulodneli fraza aris „yvelgan RmerTia“, romelic gafiqrebinebs, rom TviT mik-rokosmosma SeiZleba Tavi makrokosmosSi igrZnos.

me vnaxe eklis gza iyo eklis,saflavi, wynari, gza iyo qaris,gza iyo eklis, me vnaxe eklisgza iyo qaris. saflavi, wynari.

(graneli 1991: 61)

„eklis saflavi“ ekliT dafaruli (eklis pirdapiri mniS-vneloba) samarea, xolo „gza eklisa“ Zneli, dabrkolebebiT savse xifaTiani gzaa (eklis gadataniTi mniSvneloba). eklis gameorebiT am leqsikuri erTeulis pirdapir da gadataniT mniSvnelobaze Segvayovna avtorma da mxatvruli efeqtic ase Seqmna, magram iseTi tragikuli intonacia ise sadad da-asadgura, rom arc uxdeba sityva „efeqti“.

xifaTiani gzebiTaa daqselili wuTisofeli, romlis im erT wuTsac tkiviliT avsebs avi kadri – ekal-bardiT da-faruli saflavi. ekliani saflavi uWirisuflo samarova-nia. ekliani saflavi gardacvlilisTvis sikvdilis Semdegi sikvdilia da aravin icis, romeli ufro mware da gulsakla-via. poetma yovelgvari zedmeti pedalirebis gareSe gviTxra es.

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SeiZleba gagvaxsendes avtorisave TviTdaxasiaTeba:

galaktionSi aris demoni

da CemSi ufro angelosia.

galaktionis metwilad demonur STagonebas TviTon metwilad apolonur, mSvid, harmoniul, angelosur STagone-bas upirispirebs. graneli apolonuri, angelosuri stiqiiT Sepyrobili poetia, romlis arsebaSic STagoneba melodi-urad Semodis, musika ki, rogorc cnobilia, samyaros idu-malebis gancdis saSualebaa, miRmuris wvdomis gzaa; gza, romliTac SeucnobelTan miaxleba da uxilavis xilva SeiZ-leba. taepTa amgvari organizebiT xom ar surda poets Mmusi-kis SegrZneba gamoewvia CvenSi? iqneba, cdilobda gaefar-Tovebina sityvis SesaZleblobebi? iqneba, moiwadina poeziaSi gaeCina musikis sivrce? xom ar surda sityvisa da melodiis kombinireba? Tu poets surda bgerisa da siCumis monac-vleobiT eCvenebina Tu egrZnobinebina, rogor xorcielde-ba musikis efeqtis SenarCuneba, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom man es moaxerxa.

yofis sizmareulobis gancda aisaxa daqtilebiT dawe-ril usaTauro leqsSi:

me TiTqos iqa var, ar vici, vina var,

me TiTqos aqa var. ar vici, sada var.

ar vici, vina var, me TiTqos iqa var,

ar vici, sada var. me TiTqos aqa var.

(graneli 1991: 49)

sarkiseburi asaxvis principiTaa Sesrulebuli es leqsic. arqetipuli mexsierebidan (sarke – narcisis metafora) cno-bilia sarke, rogorc TviTSemecnebis simboluri xati. pla-tonis filosofiidan momdinareobs amgvari gageba: goneba – sarkis simbolo. sarke rogorv antikur, aseve Suasaukuno-ebriv filosofiaSic simboloa gonebisa. adamianuri goneba anareklia RvTaebrivi cnobierebisa. RvTis naTeli adamians eZleva Suamavlis anu goneba – sarkis meSveobiT.

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es sityvebi pirovnul TviTgamorkvevas gulisxmobs, mag-ram aq poetis TviTSegrZnebis xati bundovania. es imitom, rom TviTaRiarebas sWirdeba raRac doneze dasturi gare-dan. am momentSi (roca es leqsi iwereba) granels aranairi dasturi ara aqvs garesamyarodan. mas gauCnda bundovanebis SegrZneba da `sarkis efeqtiT~ werisas swored es gancda asaxa konturebSi, xolo meore strofSi – sarkisebur-simetriulad.

realoba da miraJi, gancda da misi ukufena, cnobieri da gonebis miRma dafaruli sferos anarekli (aracnobieri) – amgvari sferoebia mocemuli ortaepedebSi.

arc is aris SemTxveviTi, rom amgvari leqsebi mokle ta-epebiT iwereba. metwilad xuTmarcvliani pwkarebi gvaqvs. aris eqvsmarcvliani da Svidmarcvlianebic. ra kanonzo-miereba SeiZleba iyos amaSi?

sulis amosvlasaviT taepebi aucilebeli sityvebiT iwe-reba, moiTxovs enobrivi gamoxatulebis Sesabamis formebs. kondensirebulia fiqri, moklea fraza, dawurulia saT-qmeli. sasicocxlod aucilebeli sityvebi amoaqvs sunTqvas:

es xalxi wava, arc lurji hava,

arc me viqnebi; arc es fiqrebi;

arc lurji hava, es xalxi wava,

arc es fiqrebi. arc me viqnebi.

(graneli 1991: 221)

es aris filosofiuri, meditaciuri diskursi zogad xa-zebSi, rodesac SeiZleba sakuTari xorcadyofnis drama gver-didan dainaxo. modernistebi yuradRebas mimarTaven adami-anur dasazRvrulobaze, epistemologiaze anu cnobierebis sazRvrebze (ra SemiZlia vicode), xolo postmodernistebi ontologiaze saubroben, anu imaze, realurad arsebobs esa Tu is movlena Tu gamonagonia. `zRvari gamonagonsa da re-alurs Soris axasiaTebs postmoderns da zRvari cnobier-sa da mis miRma myofs Soris – esaa modernistuli niSani~ (qarumiZe 2001: 2).

erT-erT leqss `guli~ hqvia da eZRvneba gobron agarels:

162

maRla dgas lodi, sikvdili modis,

Zirs guli kvdeba. sinaTle qreba.

sikvdili modis, maRla dgas lodi,

sinaTle qreba. Zirs guli kvdeba.

(graneli 1991: 207)

aseTi universaluri opoziciuri wyvilebi aqvs granels: àq~ da `Zirs~ profanul realobas gulisxmobs, qvedazidvas, gaarafrebas, xolo ìq~ da `maRla~ – amaRlebas, ganwmendas, vertikalze svlas. amitomac aris, cis RvTaebriv naTels Se-acivda TvalebiT.

amgvar orstrofedebSi gvaqvs aseTi simetriuli qrono-topuli modeli: Sors da aq, mze da miwa, gareT da SigniT, iq da aq, maRla da Zirs. sivrce abstraqtulia, ar aris geogra-fiulad dakonkretebuli.

dro erT-erT teqstSi warmodgenilia amgvarad: awi.

wvimda, wvimda, ar wvims, moval, moval awi,

wvimda, uceb Sewyda. isev moval SenTan,

moval, moval awi, wvimda, wvimda, ar wvims,

isev moval SenTan. wvimda, uceb Sewyda.

yuradRebas ipyrobs sityvaTSeTanxmeba „isev moval“ (kvlavmosvlis enigma).

araviTari samkaulebi, araviTari maneruloba, araviTari mxatvruli keklucoba. –sinaTle, meti sinaTle! – aRmoxda sikvdilis win goeTes. – Cemi xelovneba jer ar aris aRiare-buli, magram genialuria, – imave situaciaSi es Tqva pol go-genma. aseTi moklea bolo gzavnili. erTi SexedviT, TiTqos martivi sintagmebi damafiqrebel Sinaarss Seicavs. amgvar sazRvriT situaciaSi naTqvams hgavs granelis ortaepedebi.

midis es xana, da es qveyana

midis es fiqri dardisken mihqris.

da es qveyana midis es xana,

dardisken mihqris. midis es fiqri.

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„qveyana dardisken mihqris“, ai granelis Setyobineba. im totalitarul politikur sistemaSi, rodesac sazogadoeb-rivi cxovrebis yvela aspeqti mkacrad kontroldeboda da xelisufleba xelovnebis muSakTa saqmianobas Tavisi miz-nebis gansaxorcieleblad iyenebda; roca nergavda reJimis xelmZRvanelTa gaidealebis ideas da sistemis samsaxurSi ayenebda poetebs; roca iqmneboda sabWour-totalitaruli simulakra (wifuria 2010:179), graneli sakuTar saTqmels ambobda.

saerTod, xom viciT, rom gameoreba mniSvnelobaze xaz-gasmaa?!. xolo sarkisebur gameorebas (arekvlas) minimalu-ri cvlileba mainc moaqvs. motrialeba – es mniSvnelobaSi xelaxali wvdomis gzaa. am dros azrisa Tu mniSvnelobis romeliRac SigTavsi mudmivi rCeba, mniSvnelobis garefena ki irxeva. gameoreba Taviseburad kreatiuli aqtia. kreacia am SemTxvevaSi cnobierebas kvlav moabrunebs naTqvamisaken. amoZravdeba aracnobieric, mniSvneloba ki progresirdeba.

materialur „qvedas“ upirispirdeba granelTan zeda sferoebi. TiTqos qreba am avtoris materialisturad mkvrivi sxeulebrioba da xdeba mistikurad usxeulo. graneli Tavisi eTeruli poeziiT dedamiwis mizidulobis kanons upirispirdeba, ufro metic, Tavisive poeziiT amboxebas awyobs am kanonis winaaRmdeg. aq SeuZlebelia ar gagvaxsen-des italo kalvinos sityvebi: „literaturis ringze ori sapirispiro tendencia ebrZvis erTmaneTs: erTi cdilobs ena raRac uwono stiqiad aqcios, sagnebis Tavze rom pepelasaviT ifarfatebs – mtvris umciresi nawilakebiviT, ufro sworad, eleqtromagnituri veliviT; meore ki cdi-lobs wona da simkvrive, konkretuloba, sxeulebrioba da Sinagani energia mianiWos enas“ (kalvino 2000: 21). graneli swored rom pirvel jgufs miekuTvneba.

Tavisi surneli, musika da mniSvneloba aqvs granelis orstrofeds. vfiqrob, saintereso fenomens vukvirdebiT. strofebi, TiTqos, sazRvriT situaciebSi iwereba. sikvdi-liswina amosunTqvis Jams aRmoxdenil bolo Setyobinebas hgavs es orstrofedebi. raki sxva SemoqmedebTan msgavsi forma ar iZebneba, ase vfiqrob, SeiZleba mas daerqvas `grane-liseburi~ an `granelis orstrofedi~.

164

daskvnebi:

1. warmodgenili teqstebi granelis SemoqmedebiT mTlianobas miekuTvneba. es SemoqmedebiTi aqtis manifesta-ciaa da ara meqanikuri ukusvla bolo taepidan pirvelisaken. cxadia, rom sazrisSemcveli taepebis ganzomilebaSi vmoZ-raobdiT. orstrofedebi avtoris sulieri TviTmyofado-bis, misi rogorc ganumeorebeli individualobis erT-erTi detalia.

2. poetis gancdebSi misi kerZoobiTobac SeiZleba gax-des saintereso, magram universalobaa mTavari. sxvagvarad mkiTxvelis suli rogor Seirxeva? am teqstebSi swored uni-versalurobis aspeqtebs moixelTebs mkiTxveli.

3. TiTqos mistikurad usxeulo graneli eTerul poezias qmnis.

4. warmodgenili forma misi novaciaa.

dAMOamowmebani:

gadameri 1973: gadameri h. g. `gagebis wris Sesaxeb~ (germanulidan

Targmna k. bregaZem). kritika. № 7, Tbilisi: literaturis institutis

gamomcemloba, 2012.

graneli 1991: graneli t. ortomeuli. t. I. Tbilisi: `qarTuli Teatri~,

1991.

kalvino 2000: kalvino i. simsubuqe. arili, #№ 4. Tbilisi: 2000.

lotmani 2012: lotmani i. poeturi teqstis analizi (rusulidan Tar-

gmna Tamar lomiZem). sjani, № 13. Tbilisi: literaturis institutis

gamomcemloba, 2012.

rogava 2013: rogava m. „sulis borkilebi“. Tbilisi: 2013.

qarumiZe 2001: qarumiZe z. postmoderni zurgiT momavlisken (dialo-

gi). arili, № 15. 2001. #

wifuria 2010: wifuria b. totalitaruli da nacionaluri kulturu-

li modelebi, rogorc binaruli opoziciebi. saerTaSoriso samecniero

konferenciis (totalitarizmi da literaturuli diskursi). masalebi.

Tbilisi: literaturis institutis gamomcemloba, 2010.

WabaSvili 1973: WabaSvili m. ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni. Tbilisi: 1973.

165

naTia sixaruliZe

galaktioni da terenti graneli

(zogierTi ram poetur sidideTa gamo)

rostom CxeiZis galaktionisadmi miZRvnili biografi-uli romani `komikosi tragediaSi~ 2012 wels gamoqveynda. wignis gamocemisTanave moewyo misi ganxilva SoTa rusTa-velis saxelobis qarTuli literaturis institutSi, xolo Semdeg araerTi werili, recenzia da gamoxmaureba daibeWda.

moxda ise, rom gansakuTrebuli yuradReba am romanis erTma mcire fragmentma miipyro, romelic uSualod arc galaktionis Semoqmedebas ukavSirdeba da arc mis biografias.

romanis pirvelive TavSi (`saRamoebi xaverdis ydaSi~) r. CxeiZe saubrobs galaktionis ganzraxvaze, daewera cikli mogonebaTa saRamoebisa, sadac daviwyebisaTvis ganwirul mwerlebs gaixsenebda.

`vinaa momgonebelio, terenti granelis bedzec rom wux-da, ras warmoidgenda, aserigad Tu wamoiwevda imisi saxeli da sulac galaktionisas Seetoleboda. popularobiT axali da axali Taobebis SegnebaSi gadaaswrebda giorgi leoni-Zesac, ioseb griSaSvilsac, paolo iaSvilsa da tician tabiZ-esac... da wamoTamamebuliyo da Zalianac wamoTamamebuliyo terentis landi...~, – wers rostom CxeiZe (CxeiZe 2012: 47). am uCveulo faqts – granelis landis `wamoTamamebas~ igi po-etis tragikuli biografiiTa da misi Semoqmedebis TematikiT xsnis. Tumca, garda amgvari ganmartebisa, avtori mkveTr, ganzogadebul Tvalsazrissac gamoTqvams: r. CxeiZis mixed-viT, granelis uCveulo popularoba misi poeziis epigonurma xasiaTmac ganapiroba.

`Tavis rols iTamaSebda sworedac epigonoba – mimbaZve-loba originalis gamsubuqebas gulisxmobs, aRqmis gaiole-bas mkiTxvelisaTvis, amitomac mimbaZvelTa meoreuli teq-stebi yovelTvis ufro xelmisawvdomia, ufro masobrivi, vidre is TviTmyofadi samyaro, saidanac aserigad davale-bula yoveli epigoni. da, cxadia, terenti granelsac es ga-

166

remoeba gauadvilebda gzas STamomavalTa gulisakenac da cnobierebisakenac~, – vkiTxulobT romanSi (CxeiZe 2012: 49).

r. CxeiZis am sityvebs gamoexmaura sergi lomaZe weri-liT Zveli-axali Tema: galaktioni da graneli~ (Jurn. `Cveni mwerloba~, 2014 w., #№ 3).

werilis avtoris azriT, r. CxeiZem am SemTxvevaSi Zveli Sexeduleba gaimeora da gaamZafra dapirispireba `galakti-onistebsa~ da `granelistebs~ Soris.

s. lomaZes surs daamtkicos, rom àm ori absoluturad poeturi adamianisagan erTi (graneli) meoris (galaktionis) mimbaZvelad ar gamodgeba~.

igi gvTavazobs `gavyveT faqtebs~ da aRniSnavs, rom gra-nelsac pirvel poetad miaCnda Tavi, iseve rogorc galak-tions. Semdeg ki cdilobs paralelebi gaavlos maT Soris:

`1919 weli. mkiTxvelma miiRo wigni àrtistuli yvavile-bi~, romelmac galaktions gza gauxsna poeturi taxtisaken.

1924 weli. mkiTxvelma miiRo granelis wigni `Memento mori~, romelic zogierTma literatorma umaRles poetur (lirikul) movlenad aRiara...

OocdaoTx wels granelis popularoba utoldeba galak-tionis popularobas, magram terenti mwvervalze didxans ver rCeba... rogorc Cans, misi fsiqika mZimed daavadda, su-lierad (da fizikurad) dasneulebuli poeti ki saTanadod veRar gaepasuxeboda galaktionis 1927 wels gamocemul `zar-niSian wigns~ (lomaZe 2014: 62).

sergi lomaZis msjelobaSi araerTi iseTi debulebaa, romelic dazustebasa da argumentirebas saWiroebs. maga-liTad, viTareba isea warmodgenili, TiTqos galaktionis àrtistul yvavilebs~ graneli `saTanadod~ gaepasuxa kre-buliT `Memento mori~, Tumca es faqti dRemde aravis daum-tkicebia. gaurkveveli rCeba, vin igulisxmeba `zogierT literatorSi~, romelTaA Tvalsazrisic s. lomaZes amgvari gancxadebis safuZvels aZlevs. arc isaa naTeli, Tu rogor daadgina avtorma ori poetis popularobis gaTanabreba da am gaTanabrebis zusti TariRi. calkea gasarkvevi, ra kavSiri arsebobs poetis popularobasa da misi Semoqmedebis maRal-mxatvrulobas Soris – xSir SemTxvevaSi xom pirveli meores arc ki gulisxmobs. dabolos, amgvari seriozuli problemis

167

gadawyvetisas ramdenad sayuradRebo SeiZleba iyos terenti granelis Sexeduleba sakuTar Tavze da sagangebod xazgasma, rom granelsac pirvel poetad miaCnda Tavi?!

s. lomaZis werilSi am kiTxvebze pasuxi ar aris gacemuli. swored amis gamo kritikul gamoxmaurebaSi terenti grane-lisadmi siyvaruli ufro igrZnoba, vidre simarTlis gar-kvevis survili.

r. CxeiZis romanis imave monakveTze msjelobs cnobili poeti da eseisti murman jguburia werilSi ìkiTxeba wigni, rogorc romani~ (`literaturuli palitra~, 2015, № #2).

Tvalsazrisi granelis poeziis epigonuri xasiaTis Se-saxeb misTvisac miuRebelia. igi wers:

`graneli aravis mimbaZveli da epigoni araa, xolo misi gamonaTqvami `da CemSi ufro angelozia~ zedmiwevniT gamo-xatavs miseul cxovreba-Semoqmedebas. arc erT leqsSi, ar-sad, arc erTxel ar mouxseniebia granels iseTi rame, rac adamianis sxeuls Seergeba, pirSi Seva, an Cava...

Zvirfaso rostom, graneli rom galaktionis mimbaZve-lad moixsenie, upirvelesad albaT, maTi leqsebis forma, zoma, Targi gqonda mxedvelobaSi. rusTaveli da vaJa erT-nairi zomis leqsiT sargebloben, magram vaJaze xom ar iTq-mis rusTavelis mimbaZveliao. arc graneli araa galaktionis mimbaZveli, rasac gvidasturebs misi (granelis) gansakuTre-buli msoflmxedveloba~ (jguburia: 151).

galaktionisa da granelis leqsebs aramxolod forma aqvT saerTo, aramed – Tematika da ganwyobilebebi. rac Se-exeba vaJa-fSavelas rusTavelTan mimarTebas, vfiqrob, am SemTxvevaSi es paraleli sruliad Seusabamoa. is ki, Tu ra igulisxmeba granelis `gansakuTrebul msoflmedvelobaSi~, m. jguburia rogorc ZiriTad arguments, ise rom moixmobs, mkiTxvelisaTvis bundovani rCeba.

***s. lomaZisa da m. jguburias werilebis gacnobis Semdeg,

granelis mkvlevarTa poziciis ufro zustad garkvevis miz-niT, specialuri literatura moviZie. aRmoCnda, rom ara-erTi avtori iyo dainteresebuli, galaktioni da terenti graneli warmoedginaT, rogorc ori Tanabari sididis poeti.

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STabeWdilebis Sesaqmnelad mxolod ori mkvlevaris Sexedulebebs gagacnobT:

`diax, zegavlena Tavidan TvalsaCinoa, magram granelic imdenad individualuri poeti iyo, rom advilad gamovida am zegavlenidan da Seqmna absoluturad TviTmyofadi, mxat-vruli, poeturi azrovnebiT gansxvavebuli poezia, – iseTi poeturi sibrZne, rogoric manamde ar axsovs qarTul po-ezias~, – aRniSnavs terenti granelis Semoqmedebis mkvleva-ri leri alimonaki (alimonaki 2012: 29).

mkvlevar luara sordias mixedviT, `20-iani wlebis qar-Tul lirikaSi iseTsave furors axdenda poeti (terenti graneli – n.s.), rogorc artur rembo Tavis Tanamedrove safrangeTSi. galaktionis gverdiT, rusTavelis qveyanaSi, man daimkvidra upirvelesi poetis saxeli~ (sordia 2009: 46).

es ori, tipuri magaliTia. Tu vikiTxavT, aseTi ra sib-rZnea terenti granelis SemoqmedebaSi, manamde qarTul poeziisaTvis rom ucxo iyo, an ram ganapiroba rembosTan paraleli, verc am da verc sxva avtorTa naSromebSi am kiTx-vebze damajerebel pasuxs ver vipoviT.

umTavresi argumenti, romelsac terenti granelis ga-laktionTan gaTanabrebis msurveli TiTqmis yvela avtori eyrdnoba, amgvaria: mogonebebis Tanaxmad, terenti graneli xSirad ambobda, rom igi galaktionis Tanaswori (an – ufro didi) poeti iyo. am azrs, Turme, eTanxmeboda da aRiarebda galaktioni.

gavixsenoT geno qelbaqianis mogoneba, romelic galak-tionisa da terenti granelis am Temaze saubars gadmogvcems:

granels gaugia, rom viRac kritikoss klubSi moxsenebis kiTxvisas aRuniSnavs, terenti graneli galaktionis mimbaZ-veliao. am ambiT ganawyenebuli graneli ugunebod Sexvedria galaktions. maT Soris amgvari dialogi gamarTula:

`– cudad xom ara xar? – hkiTxa galaktionma.terentim pasuxi daugviana. mere Sexeda TvalebSi da

uTxra:– Tu Sen moxvedi CemTan, rogorc didi poeti patara po-

etis sanaxavad, sastikad scdebi.galaktioni gaocda.

169

– ras ambob, ris didi poeti! me movedi SenTan, rogorc megobar poetTan.

– esec icode, – ganagrZo terentim, – me Senze didi poeti var.

galaktionma gaiRima marto misTvis damaxasiaTebeli saocari RimiliT.

– ki, Zamiko, Cemze didi xar!~ (qelbaqiani 1997: 343). am dialogidan mxolod im daskvnis gamotana SeiZleba,

rom galaktioni, misive skolis yvelaze niWier poets, rome-lic fsiqikurad gauwonasworebeli iyo, guls ar tkenda, piriqiT, axirebas sityvierad udasturebda kidec.

vfiqrob, aqve unda iTqvas, rom galaktionis CanawerebSi terenti graneli xSirad ixsenieba, ZiriTadad, sxvadasxva siebsa Tu CamonaTvalSi, Tumca, dadebiTi Sexeduleba teren-ti granelis Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb galaktionis arc erT Cana-werSi ar dasturdeba.

terenti granels Tavisi adgili aqvs meoce saukunis qarTuli lirikis istoriaSi da keTilmosurneTa mier mis geniosobaze saubari mxolod Rimilismomgvrelia, miT uf-ro araseriozulia misi am konteqstSi galaktionis gverdiT moxsenieba.

literaturis istoriaSi aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac ama Tu im avtoris Semoqmedebis xelaxla aRmoCena da Sefaseba xdeba. Tumca, samwuxarod, manZili galaktionis epigonobi-dan galaktionis Tanabar poetobamde metismetad didia.

damowmebaniL:

alimonaki 2012: alimonaki l. ̀ didi terenti graneli~. Tbilisi: ̀ sveti~, 2012.

lomaZe 2014: lomaZe s. `Zveli-axali Tema: galaktioni da graneli~. Cveni mwerloba, № 3, 2014.

sordia 2009: sordia l. werilebi. Tbilisi: ùniversali~, 2009.qelbaqiani 1997: qelbaqiani g. 1984 w. aprili – mogonebaTa fragmentebi

`galaktioni da trerenti graneli~. saistorio moambe, № 69-70, 1997.CxeiZe 2012: CxeiZe r. komikosi tragediaSi. Tbilisi: `Cveni mwerloba~,

2012.jguburia 2015: jguburia m. ikiTxeba wigni, rogorc romani. litera-

turuli palitra, № 2, 2015.

170

luara sordia

terenti granelis enigmebi

„mova qalis nugeSi saidumlo qnarebiT“

terenti granelis Semoqmedebis centraluri problemaa erovnuli idealebis msaxureba, RmerTisuarmyofeli epoqis tragediebis mxileba, zrunva rwmenis ganmtkicebisTvis. mis poeziaSi mTavari saTqmeli enigmebiT, simbolur-metaforu-li saxeebiT miiwvdomeba.

„memento moris“ avtoris poezias gamoarCevs saidumlo-ebis motivi, asociaciuri xilvebi, mravalmniSvnelovani sa-xeebi, moulodnelobebi, locvebi, ferebis primati, miraJe-bi, „cisferi parikebi“.

leqsi „monologi udabnos yvavilebze“ poetis tragiku-li arsebobis, epoqis kataklizmebis poeziad gardasaxvaa.

terenti granelis suli „cisferi yvavilebis“ savane iyo, saanalizo leqsSi ki „udabnos yvavilebis“ saxiT gacxadda uzenaesi da poetma mis irgvliv gaaJRera ganumeorebeli monologi.

qristianuli saxismetyvelebis mixedviT, yvavili saRm-rTo saxelia da arsebobas iwyebs bibliidan: „yvavilebi daCn-dnen miwis pirze, Jami galobisa moiwia da xma gvritisa ismis Cvens mxareSi“ (solomoni 1990: 15).

qriste, rogorc zesknel–qvesknelis, aseve, udabnos RmerTia, ieso udabnoSi gamoicada eSmakisgan, udabnoSi imar-xula da urwmuno garemoSi rwmena, suliereba Seitana.

„udabno, kldovani landSafti ganasaxierebs codvil yofas“ (gamsaxurdia 1991: 211).

swored udabnos yvavilTan, udabnoSi gamocxadebul RmerTTan aRavlina poetma Tavisi monologi.

terenti granelis lirikaSi RmerTis erT–erTi simboloa „saocreba“ da „saocrebis karebi“.

jvarcmuli RmerTiviT TviTonac gvemuli, sasikvdilod ganwiruli poeti, bunebrivia, kacobriobis codvebis mtvir-

171

Tvel, adamis naSierTa xsnis mizniT eSafotze asul, gaugona-ri wamebis ganmcdel Ze RmerTTan grZnobs sulier siaxloves: „saocrebis warsuli, eSafotze asuli, Cqari da moqanculi sikvdils ar venanebi“.

„saocreba“ saRvTo saxelia: „eZieT ufali da Zliereba misi ... gaixseneT misi namoqmedari saswaulebi, saocrebani da samarTalni misTa bageTa“ (fsalmuni 1992: 104, 415).

maRali idealebis msaxuri poeti suliwmindis qaris – STagonebis movlinebisas Tavis „vardisfer ocnebas“ mosavs da gaocebulia „Soreuli alebis“ xilviT: „vardisferi oc-neba qarze Seimoseba da iwvevs gaocebas Soreuli alebi“ (mo-nologi udabnos yvavilebze (graneli 2012: 85).

samebis mesame wevri – suliwminda aris niWTa mommadlebuli. sibrZnis sityva, codnis sityva, rwmena, mkurnalobis niWi,

saswaulmoqmedeba, winaswarmetyveleba, enebis codna suli-wmindis madlad miiCneva (pavle mociquli 1992: 7,10)

„niWi aris saRmrTo sulisa madli“ (efrem mcire 1988: 104).suliwmindis moqmedebas RvTismetyvelebaSi „saRmrTo

miberva, saRmrTo niavi“ ewodeba.ufali moixseneba, rogorc „momberavi“, xolo „moberva“

STagonebis azriT gvxvdeba Sua saukuneebis qarTul sagalob-lebSi (orfikuli sagaloblebi 1989: 39).

„saRmrTo suliTaa gapirobebuli RvTiuri moberva, zeSTagoneba“.

gaigivebulia „suli–moberva, STagoneba“ (noseli 1989: 376).saRvTo qaris movlinebis sixarulis gamomxatvelia ne-

tari avgustines striqonebi: „ai, rogorc iqna, SevisunTqe monaberi Senmieri qarisa“ (avgustine 1985: 278).

saRvTo niavis madli fiqsirdeba qarTul sasuliero mwerlobaSi, wminda basilis SemoqmedebaSi (saunje 1961: 508).

vfiqrobT, suliwminda igulisxmeba akaki wereTlis „su-likoSi“ personificirebul maxlobel niavSi (wereTeli 2012: 54).

saRvTo niavis mravali variacia Seqmna galaktionma. galaktion tabiZis „lurja cxenebis“ qrolva „feradi qare-biT“ iyo gapirobebuli (tabiZe 2014: 57).

172

terenti granelis „mgloviare serafimebis“ `siCumis qa-ris“ adresati aris suliwminda: „gulSi cecxli inTeba da siCumis qaria. es bedia mxlebeli da siCume mZinare, fiqri da-uleveli modis, rogorc mdinare“ (graneli 2012: 63).

aseTive qveteqstebis Semcvelia terenti granelis po-eziaSi „idumal mxareebis grigali“, „Rame qaris da saocre-bis“ (dRea wvalebis), sulSi amRerebuli qarebi (dabrune-ba), fiqris gamomwvevi qarebi da imedebi (mwuxare melodia) (graneli 2012: 63, 233,23).

leqsi „monologi udabnos yvavilebze“ „saocrebis“ (Rmer-Tis) xsenebiT daiwyo, aseve uzenaesze mimaniSnebelia „Sore-uli alebi“.

ali, cecxli, ganmanaTlebeli cecxli, saRvTo saxelia.gamosvlaTa wignSi qoribis mTaze gamoecxada moses Rmer-

Ti, rogorc cecxli, romelic mayvlovans ekida, magram may-vali ar iwvoda (gamosvla 1981,84)

„mayvlovani“ RvTismSoblis samSobloa, cecxli–qristesi (baqraZe 1981:84).

terenti granelis leqsSi RmerTi moixseneba, rogorc „Soreuli ali“.

RmerTTan wilnayar poetSi cocxlobda RvTaebrivi suli, xorcSesxmamde rom hqonda mas sulebis saufloSi, fiziku-rad gansxeulebamde.

ieso qristesaviT amaRlebuli suliT midioda poeti ma-radisobidan jvarcmisken, radgan jvarcmis gareSe ar arse-bobs amaRleba.

terenti granels qristesa da angelozis niRbebi hqonda morgebuli, amasTan, gaTavisebuli hqonda am niRbebis suli, zeciuri siwminde, maRali suliereba iyo misi winamRvari poetobis urTules gzaze.

RvTisgan xeldasxmul poetSi Casaxlebuli iyo suli-wmindis madli, saxeldebuli „uxilavi qarad“, „Soreul grigalad“.

„memento moris“ avtori qristesaviT jvarcmuli iyo si-tyvisTvis da jvarcmuli RmerTiviT cocxldeboda gulis sisxlis safasurad.

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terenti graneli iyo „cisferi siSore“, diadi miznebis msxverpli, amaRlebuli idealebisTvis mlocveli. misi Tanmxlebi iyo saRvTo siyvaruli da musika“: „gadavyevi am mizans da vedrebas Ramis. o, ufali damicavs kvireebis keca-ze, nugeSs rom veziaro, SenTan varCev siaruls, suli erTvis sixaruls roialis kvnesaze“.

poets qristesaviT uxeS brbosTan dapirispireba dahbe-deboda, magram umZimes wuTebSi „qalis nugeSi“ evlineboda, „saidumlo qnarebTan“ erTad: „davrCi bedis kuTxeSi, brbo micqeris uxeSi, mova qalis nugeSi saidumlo qnarebiT“.

„nugeSi“ saRvTo saxelia, RmerTi aris „nugeSismcemeli cxovrebisa: „amas davtiri, cremlad iRvreba Cemi Tvalebi, radgan gamSorda Cemi nugeSismcemeli“ (ieremia 1990: 180).

„nugeSismcemeli“ aseve aris suliwmindis saxeli: „...xo-lo nugeSismcemeli ki, suliwminda, romelsac Cemi saxeliT moavlens mama, yvelafers gaswavliT da yvelafers gagax-senebT, rac TqvenTvis miTqvams“ (ioane 1992: 212).

„saidumlo qnars“ orgvari mniSvneloba aqvs sulxan–saba orbelianis mixedviT. erTi gagebiT – igi Cangia, meore gage-biT – varskvlavi (orbeliani 1949: 373).

„saidumlo qnari“ saidumlo varskvlavs niSnavs, varskv-lavi ki qristes sinonimia ioane RvTismetyvelis gamocxade-baSi: „me var daviTis fesvi da STamomavali, ciskris kaSkaSa varskvlavi“ (ioane 1992: 521).

qriste terenti granelis leqsSi warmoidgineba, rogorc mariam RvTismSoblis movlenili „nugeSi“, „saidumlo qnari“, anu saidumlo varskvlavi.

urwmuno masebisgan gaucxoebuli poeti glovobda „za-rebTan“ mkvdar „yvavilebis serias“, anu uRmerTobas, radgan yvavili saRmrTo saxelia. Seucnoblobis tkivili, ugulebe-lyofis sevda, xvedris simZime sisxlis cremlebad iRvrebo-da poetis Tvalebidan, magram mas jvarcmuli da mkvdreTiT amdgari qriste, angelozebi da Cveni zeciuri deda eimedeboda.

„Soreuli niuansebis“ maZiebeli poeti Tavisi Tanamed-rove uRmerTo epoqis asocirebas axdenda warsulTan da es paraleli gaSualebuli iyo romantikul–simbolisturi sa-

174

xiT–yorniT: „mogeloda Sen gzebi, rogorc angelozebi da umanko locvebi kviris frTebze atirda. rogorc cisfer parikebs, Rame fiqrebs arigebs da yornebma darekes babilo-nis napirTan“.

„TiTqos moulodnelad Semodis babilonis xseneba, mag-ram mTlianobaSi gaazrebisas aRmoCndeba, rom babiloni is RerZia, romelic erwymis poetis suls da romlis garSemo moqceulia mTeli monologi..

„erT dros ayvavebuli da dRes udabnod qceuli babilo-ni kacobriobis sevdaa, romelsac erwymis piradi tkivili“ (Jordania 1985: 113-114).

vfiqrobT, iavarqmnili babilonis xvedris SexsenebiT poeti afrTxilebda Tavis Tanamedrove sazogadoebas da mianiSnebda urwmuno, uzneo qveynis xvedrze, mosalodnel ubedurebaze.

terenti graneli erovnuli ideologiis Tavgmodebuli msaxuri iyo da SemTxveviTi sulac ar aris mis mier dacemuli babilonis napirTan yornebis avismomaswavebeli xmis mosme-na, Cveni qveynisa da babilonis asocireba.

terenti granelis zemoxsenebuli strofis kiTxvisas gvaxsendeba ioane RvTismetyvelis apokalifsi, sadac qriste dgas mtvrad da nacrad qceul babilonTan da gvesmis ange-lozebis xma: „daemxo, daemxo didi babiloni, gaxda eSmakTa samkvidrod da yoveli arawmida sulis TavSesafrad“ (ioane 1992: 513).

yornis mravali variaciaa cnobili erovnul Tu msof-lio literaturaSi (edgar pos, miuses, n. baraTaSvilis, vaJa–fSavelas, galaktionis, xalxuri poeziis yornebi...), magram iavarqmnil babilonTan gamoCenili ubedurebis mauwyebeli yorani didi msoflio kataklizmebis molodins qmnis...

dacemul babilons, urwmunoebiT iavarqmnil samyaros gamocxadebaSi wminda sulebis savane „axali ca da axali miwa“, zeciuri ierusalimi enacvleba da RmerTi TviT xdeba am saR-vTo qalaqis mze.

apokalifsSic da terenti granelis leqsSic materi-alurs, codviT dacemuls, ganadgurebisTvis gankuTvnils

175

upirispirdeba maradiuli sulieri samoTxe, gamocxadebaSi – zeciuri qalaqi, leqsSi – zecis poezia, „poezia planetebis“.

galaktioni „lalis karTagans“ agebda zecaSi, gamocxade-bis zeciuri ierusalimis darad, terenti graneli ki „vardis-fer ocnebas“, sulis planetas aukvdavebda.

qarTveli poetis „udabnos yvavilebi“ mxars usworebs bodleris „borotebis yvavilebs“, galaktionis „artistul yvavilebs“...

vardis (saRvTo saxelia) „TeTri Suqis“ sulSi Camsaxle-beli poetisaTvis, romelic eTayvaneboda „simbolizmis mwva-ne yvavilebs“, „siCumis yvavilebs“,„Soreul yvavilebs“, Zne-li ar iyo, Seeqmna yvavilis kidev erTi axali variacia, raTa mis irgvliv gadmoefrqvia Tavisi tragikuli minologi.

leqsis gvirgvinia mTavari aqcentis matarebeli saxe – „qa-lis nugeSi saidumlo qnarebiT“, anu mariam RvTimsSobeli da qriste RmerTia iavarqmnis gzaze damdgari qveynis xsnis gza.

„monologi udabnos yvavilebze“ terenti granelis Se-moqmedebis upirvelesi problemebis – rwmenisa da erovnuli idealebis axleburi variaciiT gaazrebis ganumeorebeli nimuSia.

damowmebani:

avgustine 1985: netari avgustine. „aRsareba“. saqarTvelos eklesiis

kalendari. Tbilisi: 1985.

baqraZe 1981: baqraZe a. `sasuliero poeziis saxeebi~. kr. poezia.

Tbilisi: 1981.

gamsaxurdia 1991: gamsaxurdia z „vefxistyaosnis“ saxismetyveleba.

Tbilisi: 1991.

gamosvla 1990: biblia or wignad. wigni I. Tbilisi: 1990.

graneli 2012: graneli t. erTtomeuli. Tbilisi: 2012.

efrem mcire 1988: efrem mcire. iambikoebi. Tbilisi: 1988.

ieremia 1990: ieremia winaswarmetyveli. biblia or wignad. wigni II.

Tbilisi: 1990.

ioane 1992: ioane mociqulis saxareba. axali aRTqma da fsalmunebi.

Tbilisi: 1992.

176

ioane 1992: ioane mociqulis gamocxadeba. axali aRTqma da fsalumebi.

Tbilisi: 1992.

mociquli pavle 1992: mociquli pavle. I korinTelTa. axali aRTqma da

fsalmunebi. Tbilisi: 1992.

noseli 1989: noseli grigol. „pasuxi equsTa maT dReTaTvis~. teqsti

gamosacemad moamzada, komentarebi da leqsikoni daurTo ediSer We-

liZem. saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari. Tbilisi: 1989.

orfikuli sagaloblebi 1989: orfikuli sagaloblebi. prokle di-

adoxosis sagaloblebi. l. kvirikaSvilis Targmani da komentarebi.

Tbilisi: 1989.

orbeliani 1949: orbeliani s.–s. sityvis kona. s. iordaniSvilis redaq-

ciiT da winasityvaobiT, Tbilisi: 1949.

Jordania 1985: Jordania a. dro da Tanamedroveni. Tbilisi: 1985,

Tbilisi: 1949.

solomoni 1990: qebaTa qeba solomonisa. biblia or wignad. wigni II.

Tbilisi: 1992.

saunje 1961: „Cveni saunje“ oc tomad. t. I. Tbilisi: 1961.

tabiZe 2014: tabiZe g. rCeuli. Tbilisi: 2012.

fsalmuni 1990: daviT winaswarmetyvelis fsalmunebi. axali aRTqma da

fsalmunebi. Tbilisi: 1992.

wereTeli 2012: wereTeli a. Txzulebani xuT tomad. t. 2. Tbilisi:

2012.

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luara sordia

„isev siSoris cecxli mizidavs“

terenti granelis qristianul saxeebSi erT-erTi upir-velesi adgili cecxls ekuTvnis.

cecxli figurirebs rogorc dasavlur, ise aRmosavlur kulturaSi, miTologiaSi, bibliaSi, RvTismetyvelebaSi, mxatvrul literaturaSi.

„sityva cecxls bibliaSi aqvs fizikuri da zesTabuneb-rivi mniSvneloba.

„cecxli da wva dakavSirebulia sulebTan da mas aqvs zne-obrivi mniSvneloba“ (nozaZe 1997:191-196)

bibliaSi RmerTs „mogizgize cecxli“ ewodeba: „gamoCnda uflis dideba mogizgize cecxliviT israelianTa Tvalwin“ (gamosvla 24:17,81).

egviptidan aRTqmuli qveynisken mimaval ebraelebs RmerTi win uZRoda „Rrublis svetisa“ da „cecxlis svetis“ saxiT (gamosvla 13:21-22,71).

cecxli bibliaSi ganwmendis saSualebaa: “... me var ufali, Tqveni ganmwmendeli“ (gamosvla 31:13,89).

esaia winaswarmetyvelma ixila ufali da misi eqvsfrTi-ani mgalobeli serafimebi. erT–erTma serafimma samsxver-plodan aRebuli muguzali Seaxo bageze esaias da uTxra: „aha, Seexo es Sens bages da mogcilda ukeTureba, mitevebulia Se-ni codva“ (esaia 1990: 6,7,78).

saxarebaSi ioane naTlismcemelma qristes Sesaxeb auwya xalxs: „me naTels gcem wyliTa, xolo igi naTels gcems suli-Ta wmidiTa da cecxliTa“ (maTe 14:11,15)

qristes ewodeba „cecxli uvneblad ganmanaTlebeli“ (iberi 1961: 107).

„zecisa arsebaTa cecxlis saxed azmnoben“ (iberi 1961: 107,25).

qarTul sasuliero prozasa da poeziaSi RmerTis saxea ara Semwveli, aramed „ganmanaTlebeli cecxli“.

178

grigol xanZTels, rogorc RvTis rCeuls, cecxlis sa-xiT axvevia „suli RmrTisai ganmanaTlebeli“ (mwerloba 1987: 594).

qarTul himnografiaSi qristes miemarTeba „cecxli mSo-beli cvarisa“. am frazaSi „cecxli“ qristes, „cvari“ mis moZRvrebas gulisxmobs“ (baqraZe 1981:58).

„sulier Zalebs axasiaTebT cecxluri energia da naTebis unari“ (drevsi 1984: 76)

„qristes mzis RvTaebis niSnebi aqvs. mzis saxiT xdeba misi gamocxadeba“ (kvirikaSvili 1969: 79)

indur RvTismetyvelebasa da miTologiaSi RmerTi sxi-vosania, naTeli, elvis, cecxlis SaravandediT ixilveba (bhagavad-gita).

adamiani RmerTis qmnilebaa da emsgavseba Tavis Semoq-meds, igi uxilavi naTlisa da cecxlis Semcvelia“ (teilori 1924: 159).

dantes „RvTaebriv komediaSi“ RmerTis saxelia „diadi cecxli“, „maradiuli cecxli“: „warmavali da agreTve mara-diuli ixile cecxli da mixvedi iseT zRvaramdis, romlis gadaRma Tvali Cemi veRara wvdeba“ (dante 1941: 247).

elene rerixis azriT, „saWiroa sakuTari Sinagani cecx-lis anTeba. is transcendenturia... diadi cecxli ... yve-lafers iZleva, yvelafers wmends da arafers iTxovs.

„SemoqmedebiTi cecxli aTbobs da anaTebs... aZlierebs adamianur arsebas. yvelaze saswaulebrivi iwrToba cecx-lSi... cecxlovani azri anaTebs sivrces da sulis magniti brwyinavs. cxovrebis uxilavi procesi imarTeba sulis cecx-liT. fsiqikuri Semoqmedeisas moqmedebs wminda cecxlis sxivi.

„Semoixvie cecxli da uvnebeli gaxdi“, ZvelTa anderZia.„maradiulad moZraobs kosmiuri cecxli, gamogzavnili

absolutis mier.„ganwmendis cecxlis gareSe SeuZlebelia umaRles gage-

bas miuaxlovde“, irwmuneba el. rerixi (rerixi 1991: 89, 169, 186, 210, 223).

Semoqmedi suli gaalebulia „saRvTo cecxliT: „sulica warmodga Tangaalebulad“ (petriwi 1940: 80).

179

galaktion tabiZe „cecxlis sanaxavidan“ Wvretda movle-nebs, WeSmariti poezia esaxeboda, rogorc „maradiuli cecx-lis sagalobeli“ da saRvTo cecxlis mravali variacia Seq-mna (uCinari cecxlis wyurvili) (sordia 2011: 36-41).

terenti granelis erT-erTi mTavari esTetikuri prin-cipia saxe-sityvaTa mravalmniSvnelovnebis principi. am de-bulebis kvalobaze cecxli gaazrebuli aqvs mravalgvar WrilSi.

„memento moris“ avtoris SemoqmedebaSi cecxliT iwvis suli, musika, grZnoba, fiqri, sevda.

„me Cemi cecxli isev maocebs“ (rva ivnisia, cxela), „ar mgoni, CemSi cecxli rom Caqres“ (ar mgoni) „musikis cecxli gedeba gulze“ (akaki andriaSvils), „es grZnobis cecxli uf-ro agizgizdeba“ (es grZnoba), „grZnobis koconi ufro Zli-erdeba“ (Ramis mousvenroba), „fiqri cecxlia~ (siCume da sibnele), „sikvdilze da siSoreze fiqris cecxli“ (fiqri siSoreze), „cecxlis msgavsi sevda“ (mTvare fanjarasTan) (graneli 2012: 40, 50, 54, 118, 142, 155, 237, 251, 118, 179).

poetis guli msoflio sevdis cecxlis savane iyo: „... gu-lis garSemo msoflio sevdis cecxli anTia“ (maradisobis laJvardebi) (graneli 2012: 109).

terenti ganels sjeroda, rom am cecxlSemosili poetis sidiades momavalSi, didi xnis mere mainc gaigebdnen: „da gaigeben didi xnis mere, ra cecxli mwvavda da ra viyavi“ (Cemi dumili grZeldeba dRemde (graneli 2012: 121).

poetis nugeSi ganmanaTlebeli cecxli, „sicocxlis cecx-lad“ movlinebuli RmerTi iyo: „Sen sicocxlisTvis cecxli arCie“ (qarebi) (graneli 2012: 23).

RmerTs ganicdida „siSoris cecxlis“ saxiT, caSi fre-nis Zalad, maradiulobis nugeSad: „isev siSoris cecxli mi-zidavs, ar minda guli samares mivce. me xom mindoda gasvla miwidan, me xom mindoda gafrena cisken“ (èqskursia cisken~) (graneli 2012: 135).

moqancul, eSafotis momlodine poets „Soreuli alebi“ anu RmerTi eimedeboda (`monologi udabnos yvavilebze“ (graneli 2012: 87).

180

qristianuli RmerTis simbolod gaiazreba „Ramis stri-qonebis“ „Ramis cecxlis“ saxec: „Ramis landi me fanjridan vnaxe, Ramis cecxli ekideba Tvalebs“ (graneli 2012: 48).

terenti granelis xvedri iyo uamindoba, zamTari, Tovli, yinva, sneuleba. misi sikvdilis momlodine suli samyaroSi iyo gadasuli. bedis siSores, Tbilisis kvamls, mkvdar foT-lebs mohqonda sevda, glova, magram grigalebis muqara ver aviwyebda uzenaess, suli gamudmebiT cecxlisken (RmerTisken) eweoda, rogorc yovelTvis: „modis zamTari, Tovli da yinva, Tovlis da yinvis cisferi wveTi. sneuli saxe-sikvdilis win var, sikvdilis win var me, rogorc gedi. davdivar RamiT da me var Tovli da me var nisli da me var wvima. da suls cecx-lisken mivyavar TrTolviT, ise var, rogorc viyavi winaT~ (`zamTris moaxloeba~) (graneli 2012: 135-136).

„cecxlisken“ swrafva RmerTis Ziebis momaswavebelia, radgan poeti mudmivad uzenaesis Tanamgzavrobad miiCnev-da WeSmarit arsebobas, wminda sulebis savaned maradisoba esaxeboda.

„saocrebaze“ (RmerTze) daimedebuli poeti „vardisfer ocnebas“ suliwmindis madliT aukvdavebda da sikvdilis garduvalobasTan Serigebuli, „Soreuli alebis“ (RmerTis) movlinebis imediT cxovrobda (`monologi udabnos yva-vilebze~) (graneli 2012: 87):

uzenaesis epiTetad poeti, umetes SemTxvevaSi, `Sore-uls~ irCevda: „Soreuli da uxilavi mze, Soreuli xe, Sore-uli yvavilebi, Soreuli imedi, Soreuli varskvlavi, Sore-uli alebi“...

mariam RvTismSoblis maxasiaTebelic Soreulia: „Sore-uli Rrubeli, Soreuli mTa“.

poets gamoarCevda „Soreul da maradiul samyarosTan“ axlobeli kavSiri.

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom terenti granelis saRvTo mniSvnelobis cecxlis variantebi: „sulis cecxli, Ramis cecxli, Soreuli alebi“ bibliasTan, sasuliero poezias-Tan SemoqmedebiTi mimarTebis mauwyebeli originaluri epi-TetebiT moazrebuli religiuri saxeebia.

181

damowmebani:

baqraZe 1981: baqraZe a. ̀ sasuliero poeziis saxeebi~. kr. poezia. Tbili-

si: 1981.

gamosvla 1990: biblia or wignad. wigni I. Tbilisi: 1990.

graneli 2012: graneli t. rCeuli. Tbilisi: 2012.

dante 1941: dante. RvTaebrivi komedia. Targmani k. gamsaxurdiasi.

Tbilisi: 1941.

drevsi 1981: drevsi a. miTi qristeze. rusul enaze. moskovi: 1981.

esaia 1990: esaia winaswarmetyveli. biblia or wignad. wigni II. Tbilisi:

1990.

iberi 1961: iberi petre (fsevdo dionise areopageli). Sromebi. s. enu-

qaSvilis redaqciiT. Tbilisi: 1961.

kvirikaSvili 1969: kvirikaSvili l. cecxlisa da naTlis metaforuli

mniSvneloba qarTul sasuliero poeziaSi. „macne“, № 6, 1969.

mwerloba 1987: giorgi merCule. `cxovreba grigol xanZTelisa~.

qarTuli mwerloba 30 tomad. t. I. Tbilisi: 1987.

nozaZe 1963: nozaZe v. „vefxistyaosnis“ mijnurTmetyveleba. parizi:L

1963.

petriwi 1940: petriwi ioane. t. I. Tbilisi: 1940.

rerixi 1990: Рерих Е. Мозайка Агни Иоги. В двух книгах. К. I. Тбилиси: 1990.sordia 2011: sordia l. mefistofelis saukune da galaktioni. Tbili-

si: 2011.

teilori 1924: teilori el. anTropologia (rusul enaze). moskovi:

1924.

182

Sorena qurTiSvili

terenti granelis lirikis sazrisisaTvis

... „me poeziam magrZnobina, rom sadRac Sors arsebobs ukvdavebis cisferi mxare, sadac dafrinavs Cemi mwuxare suli...

poeziam icis uecari sixaruli, romelic udris gafrenas.

me ar mindoda sicocxle.

arc sikvdili.

me raRac sxva msurda.

axla vfiqrob da mwams mesame gzis arseboba, rogorc idumalebis.

................................................................................

da mjera sicocxle sxeulis gareSe.

me mivmarTav msoflios Semdegi sityvebiT:

me minda gafrena,

me minda, yvelgan viyo, rogorc RmerTi“...

(graneli 2011: 290)

aRsareba, romelic terenti granelma miniaturiT „gu-lidan sisxlis wveTebi“ gagvando, ganuSorebeli laitmo-tivia mTeli misi cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebisa. ganuyofeli iyo erTmaneTisagan poetis empiriuli da SemoqmedebiTi myo-fobac mTeli misi xanmokle sicocxlis manZilze. igi zva-raki aRmoCnda sakuTari mrwamsisa da epoqaluri nihilizmisa, miT ufro, rom es ukanaskneli saxadiviT imorCilebda da sabediswero brZolaSi amarcxebda umweo da faqizi sulis meocnebeebs – inteleqtualuri sazrdos ZiebaSi gzaabneul xelovanT.

„axla sicocxle CemTvis landia, raRac sxva minda, sik-vdilze meti“ – swored es, mesame gzis Ziebis motivi gasdevs, msWvalavs da ipyrobs terenti granelis mTel poezias. Se-moqmedisaTvis martosuloba da msoflio sevdis SegrZnebe-bi rom araxalia, amaze aravin Semogvedaveba („me viferflebi, gulis garSemo msoflio sevdis cecxli anTia“ da sxv.). arc isaa sakamaTo, rom xelovnebaSi yovelTvis iarsebebs maradi-

183

uli Temebi da motivebi, maT Soris – amqveyniuri warmavlobis SecnobiT gamowveuli sevda-wuxili. ara erTi literaturu-li mimdinareoba gaisarja amave Temis mxatvruli fiqsaci-isaTvis msoflio mwerlobasa Tu poeziaSi, magram aucileb-lad unda iTqvas erTi ram: namdvili SemoqmedebiTi tragedia yofierebis tragikuli gancda ki ar aris, aramed namdvili tragizmis Seumecnebloba da dekadenturi motivebiT jan-saRi msoflaRqmis damaxinjeba; ufro zustad Tu vityviT, – mTavar tragediad sul sxva ram SeiZleba iqces, Tundac, upirobo msaxureba romelime gabatonebuli modernistuli filosofiur-mxatvruli azrovnebisa da gamanadgurebeli zegavlena epoqaluri msoflmxedvelobrivi aspeqtebisa.

nebismieri xelovani, cxadia, im epoqis Svilia, romel-Sic misi pirovnuli, cxovrebiseuli da Teoriuli mosazre-bebi Camoyalibda. igi ver gaeqceva dros, romelsac esa Tu is istoriuli movlena gansazRvravs da am mxriv, erT-erTi gamorCeuli iyo me-20 saukunis 20-iani wlebi, maSin, rodesac aqtiurad da mtkivneulad mimdinareobda cnobierebaTa Wi-dili da RrebulebaTa gadafaseba. xelovneba am droisaTvis, rogorc cnobilia, xarks uxdida evropuli warmoSobis mo-dernistul msoflxedvas, romelsac Tavis mxriv, gansxvave-buli mrwamsi, poeturi azrovnebisa da saxeobriobis saku-Tari sistema mohqonda. qarTul samwerlo realobaSi swored dekadentur-modernistuli stiliTa da mistikuri gancdebiT eswrafvoden TviTmyofadobis mopovebas siaxlis wyurviliT Sepyrobili Semoqmedni da cdilobdnen, rom axali elferi-Ta da siRrmeebiT aRebeWdaT martoobis, zamTris, Tovlis, qaris, sasaflaos, sikvdilis, Soreuli da miuwvdomeli bed-nierebis Temebi da motivebi.

ase yalibdeboda terenti granelis poeturi cnobiereba gasuli saukunis 20-iani wlebidan missave fizikur aRsasru-lamde. granelis poezia aris martosulobisa da miusafrobis mZafri gancdiT daRdasmuli lirikuli aRsareba. igi naTe-lyofs umweobas Semoqmedisas, romelsac gaucxoebis tvir-Ti aqvs misjili amqveynad da rom sazogadod, poetebisaTvis sulieri martooba da miusafrobis mtanjveli gancda Cveuli

184

xvedri da mZime jvaria. amgvari adamianebisaTvis rom poezia sulis wamali da navsayudelia, amas igi Tavadac aRiarebs:

me uarvyavi mTeli cxovreba,

viwame zeca da poezia...

(graneli 201: 33)

aseve: aq yvavilebis moipovebaes grZnoba caze umaRlesia,Cemi cxovreba aris poemaCemi cxovreba mxolod leqsia.

(graneli 2011: 84)

mxolod leqsiT ZaluZs terenti granels, rogorc pi-rovnebas da rogorc Semoqmeds, – daukavSirdes adamianebs, mimarTos maT,- gauziaros fiqrebi da guliswuxili. Tumca, imave poeziiT gvemulsa da vnebuls aRmoxdeba es sityvebic:

viRupebi, ar iqneba Svelacxovrebas da poezias Sua ...

(graneli 2011: 221)

agreTve: me ver miSvelis TviT Cemi leqsic,TviT Cemi leqsi – sisxlis rveuli.poetebSi var udidesi

da cxovrebaSi – gzadabneuli.

(graneli 2011: 171)

tanjuli sicocxliTa da SemoqmedebiT jvarcmuli po-eti gamudmebiT mesame gzaze saubrobs:

axla vatyob, rom sicocxle ar Rirs,sikvdilSiac xom ar aris Svela...

(graneli 2011: 200)

ritorikulad mimarTavs sayvarel dasac:

– dao, ra vqna, mesame gzas veZeb...

swored es Zieba aris terenti granelis poeziis umTav-resi motivi:

185

ar minda, guli samares mivce,

me xom mindoda gasvla miwidan,

me xom mindoda gafrena cisken ...

(graneli 2011: 135)

ara sicocxle, ara sikvdili, aramed raRac sxva!.. sico-cxle tanjvis wyaroa; arc sikvdilSia xsna, magram misi aCrdi-li poets mudam Tan sdevs: „dao, ase mgonia, bednieri viqnebi, sadme axlos TbilisTan Tu samare viSove;“ „Tbilisi minda, rogorc saflavi;“ „... axla xom droa, movikla Tavi...“; am yru adgilebs vinme gaivlis, maSin, rodesac me ar viqnebi“ da sxv.

Memento mori umTavresi laitmotivia terenti granelis lirikisa, Tumca, aris raRac sxva, risTvisac Rirs tanjva-wameba. da mainc, ra aris sikvdili TavisTavad, rogorc mov-lena, garduvaloba; ra aris misi filosofiuri da Teolo-giuri sazrisi?

sarwmunoebrivi mWvreteloba adamianebs saSualebas aZ-levs, rom sikvdilis miRma maradiuli sicocxle Seimecnon da swori orientirebiT gamijnon myofobis es ori forma erTmaneTisagan; magram rogor unda SeZlos es yovelive im adamianma, romlis sulsa da Tanadroul samyaroSic RmerTi uaryofilia? „sikvdilze fiqri yoveldRe sikvdilia. sik-vdilis xsovna mudmivi vaebaa. sikvdilis SiSi bunebrivi saq-mea da urCobis Sedegs warmoadgens; xolo sikvdilis mimarT ZrZwola mounaniebeli codvebis niSania,“ – werda qristianu-li samyaros udidesi avtoriteti wminda ioane sineli (kle-maqsi anu kibe 2008: 99).

yoveli qristianisaTvis sicocxle mzadebaa sikvdili-saTvis, sikvdili misTvis arc arsebobs; is mxolod gar-dacvaleba da gardasaxvaa. maS, vis SeiZleba, rom aZrwuneb-des ararad qcevisa da samudamo gaqrobis SiSi? cxadia, mas, visac RmerTi sicocxleSi ar Seucvnia, visac ar miuRia Rv-Taebrivi nugeSi da ar ugemia sulieri sixaruli. terenti graneli Tavisi epoqis Svilia: RirebulebaTa gadafasebis, sarwmunoebrivi krizisis, kulturul cnobierebaSi dasav-luri azrovnebis, kerZod, nicSeanuri filosofiuri niSniT aRbeWdili epoqis Svili. is, rogorc adamiani, pirovneba,

186

msxverpli aRmoCnda gaufasurebuli sarwmunoebrivi cno-bierebiT daRdasmuli droisa. sagulisxmo dakvirvebebs gvTavazobs nicSes cnobili klasikuri Txzulebis „ese ityo-da zaratustrasa“ da saerTod, am nihilisturi moZRvrebis Sesaxeb qarTveli filosofosi Tamaz buaCiZe (nicSe 1993: 250-251): „Tezisi „RmerTi mkvdaria“ gamoxatavs im siRrmiseul process, romelic xdeba nicSes Tanadrouli evropuli ka-cobriobis sulier cxovrebaSi, kerZod, Zveli tradiciuli umaRlesi Riebulebebis gaufasurebas. RmerTis sikvdili niSnavs imas, rom tradiciulma qristianulma Rirebulebeb-ma, idealur, imqveyniur, maradiul RirebulebaTa samyarom, romelic myar orientirebs aZlevda adamians, dakarga Tavisi Zala. „RvTiuri“, „zegrZnobadi“, transcendenturi samefos iluzia cdomileba aRmoCnda. adamiani rCeba Tavisi Tavis ana-bara, mas „zemoT“ aravis imedi ar SeiZleba hqondes. dgeba ni-hilizmis epoqa“ (nicSe 1993: 250).

nicSeanuri TvalTaxedviT, RmerTis sikvdili adamians ufro metad ganawyobs SemoqmedebisaTvis, radgan am uka-nasknels Tavadac SeuZlia, Seqmnas axali samyaro; igi Ta-vadaa yovlisSemZle. SemoqmedebiT aRmafrenas Tan sdevs xolme wuTieri gasxivosneba, Sveba, aRmafrena, romelic mar-Talia, adamianis miwier bunebaSi iSveba, magram mas ZaluZs, rom masTan gandobilT aramiwieri sixaruli ganacdevinos, – Tavad Seqmnas transcendenturi samyaro da iq hpovos Zle-vamosilebis netari SegrZneba. swored amgvari gancdis wyur-vili aTqmevinebs poets striqonebs: „raRac minda sicocxleze meti“; „Cems suls swyuria TeTri savane, Cems suls swyuria usazRvroeba...“; „ara sicocxle, ara sikvdili, – aramed ra-Rac sxva...“ da ra SeiZleba iyos es sxva, Tu ara mesame gza aR-mafrenisa, – poeturi sulis gradacia Zlevamosilebis Segr-Znebad?.. da gana amasve ar ambobda galaktioni?..

mze CemTvis brunavs da mefe var

yovlismoqmedi,

are-midamo netarebis

cremliT ivseba,

187

Cems xelSi aris maSin Cemi

mZvinvare bedi,

qveynad yoveli arsis suli memorCileba

da iqve: o, uZlevelo dido wamo

Semoqmedebis,

exla yvelafers, yvelafers vqmni

axali RmerTi.

poeziis mefeTmefem isic kargad uwyoda, rom mgosnis sikvdili „ocnebaTa lurji ialqnebia“, xolo „sikvdilis gza arra aris, vardisfer gzis garda“.

SemoqmedebiTi aRmafrenis wami Zalian mniSvnelovani mo-mentia poetisaTvis. igi sulieri Svebis wyaroa: gadarCenis, xsnis iluzias aniWebs mas. Tumca, samwuxarod, aseTi wamebi arc Tu iseTi mdgradia; xanmoklea maTi meufeba, sanacv-lod ki isev araraobis, sicarielis, tkivilis SegrZnebebi isadgurebs poetis gverdiT.

msoflio literaturaSi cocxloben da iqidan dRemde gvesityvebian faqizi sulis xelovanni. gvaxsovs, rogor mZaf-rad ganicdidnen amsofliur xvedrsa da sakuTar umweobas cxovrebiseul `yofierebaSi Tomas manis tonio kroegeri da sxva~ sicocxlis amaod motrfiale personaJebi. aseTebi-saTvis xelovneba TavSesafaria, magram ara samudamo da mar-adsanugeSo gansasvenebeli. Semoqmedeba wuTieri aRtacebis momgvrelia, Tumca, adamianuri cxovreba Tavisi simZimiliT isev da isev miaqanebs maT uimedobisaken. Cans, mesame gza iluzia yofila, radgan is Tavad adamianis Seqmnilia, adami-ani ki rodia samyaros Semoqmedi; mas ar ZaluZs, rom RvTis gangebulebiT mowyobil sameufoSi axali, transcendenturi samyaro Seqmnas.kacs, RvTis saxed da xatad Seqmnils, Tavisu-fali neba ki aqvs, magram uflis mier dawesebul samanebs ver gaarRvevs; man kargad unda icodes, Tu sad gadis adamianur SesaZleblobaTa zRvari.

rogorc ukve iTqva, terenti granelis pirovneba, cxov-rebis wesi da sulieri mdgomareoba ganuyofelia missave po-eturi azrovnebisagan. sevdisa da uimedobis mxatvari Tava-

188

dac sevdisa da usasoobis msxverplad iqca. drosTan erTad sul ufro da ufro Rrmavdeboda poetis sulieri tkivilebi; mis fsiqikaSi nel-nela irRveoda yofierebis stabilurobisa da simSvdis SegrZneba. TviTonac ambobda: „viRupebi, ar iqneba Svela...“ da albaT, arc erTi leqsi ise zustad ar asaxavs misi cnobierebisa da yofierebis suraTs, rogorc orstriqoniani mrCobledi „vedreba“:

daval qveyanaze, rogorc Serisxuli,

Seni zvarakia, RmerTo, Cemi suli.

daval qveyanaze, rogorc bnediani,

RmerTo, mapatie, uqmad xetiali.

daval qveyanaze, rogorc gaZarculi,

RmerTo, daaCqare Cemi aRsasruli!

(graneli 2011: 224)

Tu sarwmunoebrivi xedviT ganvsjiT poetis sulier mdgomareobas, gacxaddeba Semdegi: wuTisofelSi, SesaZloa, adamiani unugeSo mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndes da martosulad igrZnos Tavi, magram mas Tavisufali nebac aqvs, raTa RvTi-sadmi rwmenaSi hpovos nugeSi. qristianuli religia adamians aniWebs sulier sixaruls, siyvarulsa da sasoebas; igi unaz-Raurebs im siTbos, romelic mas daaklda garSemomyofTagan. mTavaria, rom mokvdavma Seicnos WeSmariteba, monaxos RmerT-Tan misasvleli gza da monanie guliT Seudges mas. magram Tu es gza adamianma ver dainaxa, an Segnebulad ar airCia, is swo-redac rom uZRebi Svilis xvedrze ufro mZime xvedrs moimkis. ukan, RvTis wiaRSi dabrunebis gareSe ki verc erTi sulieri simSvides ver hpovebs, is ganwirulia unugeSobisaTvis. am gzis Seumecnebloba ucilobel daRupvas moaswavebs: „netar ars kaci igi, romelman Jamsa amas mowyinebisa da sinanulisa msgavsad uZRebisa mis, uTxras Tavsa Tvissa: raT vstanjav me sulsa Cemas, raT vatyueb me ubedursa gulsa Cemsa, risTvis vkvdebi me SimSiliT, aRvsdge da mivide mamisa Cemisadmi; igi mowyale ars, igi kvalad mimiRebs me, da mun movipovo mxiaru-leba da gansveneba sulisa CemisaTvis“ – qadagebda wminda gabriel episkoposi, visi bagiTac, ilia WavWavaZis sityviT,

189

– „TviT RmerTi metyvelebda“. (qadagebani 1913: 24). ganuzo-meli sevda, uimedoba da sikvdilis SiSi poetisa, marTlac, mogvagonebs saxarebiseul igavs uZReb Svilsa da mis mdgo-mareobaze. granelisaTvis mamiseuli nugeSis dakargva da ukan dasabrunebeli gzis Seumecnebloba dasasrulis momas-wavebeli aRmoCnda. Tumca, es misi amsofliuri bedi iyo. misma gulwrfelobam, saTnoebam da sulis ganmwmendma tkivilebma ki ukve gamoisyida gzadabneulobis „Secodebani“; misi fa-qizi lirika gadaurCa drois ulmobel srbolas, Tavad ki am locviT Seerwya zesTasofels:

Rame udabnoa, vneba koSmaria.

quCaSi mcxovrebs da saxlidan gaqceuls

Seminde, Seminde, wmindao mariam !..

(graneli 2011: 34)

damowmebani:

graneli 2011: graneli t. qarTuli sityviereba. Tbilisi: 2011.

nicSe 1993: nicSe f. „ese ityoda zaratustra“. germanulidan Targmna

e. tatiSvilma. Tbilisi: „filosofiuri biblioTeka“, 1994.

190

linda cicqiSvili

sezonis koncefcia terenti granelis

SemoqmedebaSi

adamiani uZluria, sezonTa brunva Secvalos. dro sasru-lia da, amave dros, usasrulo. es yovelive aRelvebs Semoq-medTa gonebas uxsovari droidan. sezonTa koncefcia asax-vas povebs poeziaSi da rCeba, rogorc amoucnobi saidumlo.

am saidumlos Taviseburi xedvaa terenti granelis po-eziaSi, romelic, upiratesad, zamTris poeziaa. terenti graneli sakuTar cikls qmnis weliwadisas, sadac mudmivi zam-Tari da Semodgomaa, xolo gazafxuli da zafxuli mxolod iSviaTad Tu gamoCndeba: zamTari aris poetis muza.

zamTari – es sezoni Semdegi simbolikiT Semodis poetis SemoqmedebaSi: TeTri qalwuli – glova (`daTovlili san-Teli~), TeTri TovliviT civi, zamTari, rogorc tyvia, mova qariT da wvimiT (`mogoneba Soreulze~). zamTarTan asocire-buli feri aris TeTri, iSviaTad, cisferi an sikvdilis feri. mova zamTari da dgeba wamebis molodini. zamTari sicocxles arTmevs lirikul gmirs (`zamTris bareliefi~), sikvdili da sicive moaqvs (`misalmeba zamTrisadmi~). Tovli da sevda po-etis sulSia (`Semodgoma mindvrebSi~). iq gazafxuls adgili ukve aRar aqvs, mudmivi zamTaria. aris dausrulebeli glova, Camqrali vardebi da mware vedreba (`lodini bedis~). zamTris dReebi, yru sicive da procesia, neli survili, SuaRamis Te-Tri godeba (`saidumlo misalmeba Wleqian samreklos~). fer-mkrTali qali, sarke da sicive aseve figurirebs zamTris sezonSi. simSvidea Tovlis (`Tovli~), cidan Camodis fifqi, ismis zarebis glova. da ganuwyvetliv fiqri, da ganuwyvetliv Tova (`Tovli~), ar momasvenes zamTris qarebma (`fiqrebi waRverSi~), `zamTris aria~ – kvdeba xelebi civi ... gzaSi miv-divar kvnesiT ... guls enatreba tyvia ... TiTqos kuboSi vwevar, TiTqos mayrian miwas ... uimedoba mimaqvs.

poetis SemoqmedebaSi zamTari Slis grZnobebs, moaqvs sikvdili, daviwyeba, zamTarSi azri ekargeba grigalgada-

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tanil niRabs da poeti urigdeba sikvdilisa da zamTris er-Tianobas. zamTris koncefcias xSirad erTvis amoucnobi ricxvis Ziebis xazi (`xsovnis simaRle~):

modis zamTari, Tovli da yinva,Tovlis da yinvis cisferi wveTi.sneuli saxe – sikvdilis win var,sikvdilis win var me, rogorc gedi.davdivar RamiT da me var Tovli,da me var nisli, da me var wvima.bedis siSore qariviT misdevsricxvebi glovis da aRSfoTebis.Tbilisis kvamlSi vexvevi isevme, Tanamgzavri mkvdari foTlebis.sZinavs grigalebs Ramis SuSaze,fiTrdeba mzeze suli moRlili.Cumad gavivli sadme quCazeme mgloviare da welmoxrili.

(`zamTris moaxloveba~. graneli 2012:135,136)

zamTari urTierTgamomricxavi cnebebiT Semodis poetis samyaroSi. mas igi sZuls da uyvars imavdroulad. zamTris, rogorc sezonis, siyvarulis axsna poetis SemoqmedebaSive aris pasuxgacemuli: `yvelaferi civia, rac ki maradisia!~ terenti granelis lirikuli gmiri miiswrafvis, daimkvidros maradiuli xsovna, maradiul Temebze fiqriT. mas stanjavs zamTari, magram mainc mas etrfis, radgan igi ubiZgebs poets lirikuli ganwyobisken. ài, swored amitom ar viwame nugeSi~ (`gadarCeba? – eqimebs ekiTxeba zozia~ graneli 2012:192), – am-bobs poeti. es leqsi gvagonebs blokis cnobil `Пусть светит месяц – ночь темна…~, sadac msgavsi ganwyoba ikiTxeba:

Пусть светит месяц – ночь темна.Пусть жизнь приносит людям счастье, –В моей душе любви веснаНе сменит бурного ненастья.

(,,Пусть светит месяц – ночь темна…”, Блок А. А., 1955: 52)

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`me velodebi isev wamebas, me velodebi saSinel gri-gals. ra vqna, Zvirfaso, modis zamTari da marto vrCebi axla sruliad~ (`xan wuxulia, xan daRameba~, graneli 2012:199). `ramden wamebas vitan, qrian wuTebi TrTolvis. nela ecema ci-dan TeTr yvaviliviT Tovli~ (`leqsi Tovlze~. graneli 2012: 252).

ai, swored amitom iSviaTad gazafxuldeba xolme te-renti granelis weliwadis ciklSi. gazafxuli, rogorc se-zoni, mxolod ubralo mokvdavTaTvis aris TiTqos. zamTari, Tovli, sicive Zalian axlosaa poetis samyarosTan. Tavad terenti granelis sityvebSi ikiTxeba pasuxi am ucnauri siy-varulisa. igi wers: a. blokma TovlSi ixila poezia, Tovli spetakia da poetis suliviT brWyinvale. bloks swvavda Tov-lis siTeTre rogorc Stefan malarmes. bloki CemTvis ar momkvdara fiziologiurad, aramed is sicocxleSi daifer-fla da misi sxeuli miemata haers rogorc cisferi kvamli (`poezia qaris da Rameebis~. graneli 2012: 298).

Tovlisa da siTeTris mxatvrul saxeebis gaazrebisas terenti granelis poeziaSi yuradRebas ipyrobs frang da rus simbolistTa, upiratesad malarmes da blokis, Semoq-medebiTi gavlena.

blokis gavlena qarTvel poetebze araerTxel aRuniS-navT qarTuli leqsis mkvlevarT da Tavad poetebsac. ase magaliTad valerian gafrindaSvilis sityvebiT: `blokma gaazRapra Tovli da misi neznakomka – winaT egviptis sfin-qsi – axla Tovlis da nevis prospeqtis gamocanaa~.

leqsmcodne Tamar barbaqaZe statiaSi `saRamos Tovli – pirbadea amarsifali ...~ saubrobs valerian gafrindaSvi-lis damkvidrebul mxatvrul saxeze – amarsifalze. mkvle-vari aRniSnavs: `mxatvruli saxe amarsifalisa erTgvarad gaxsnilia leqsSi `somnambula~, sadac avtori xilvaTa da oreulTa samyaros momxibvlelobaze saubrobs da masSi mox-vedrisaTvis yvelaze xelsayrelad miaCnia Tovliani saRamo. Tovlis fantelebi msubuqi da gamWvirvale maqmanis pirbadis magivrobas asrulebs, romlis miRma realuri samyaros sura-Ti idumali da saocnebo xdeba~ (barbaqaZe 1993: 7-10).

193

mkvlevars marTebulad miaCnia, rom Tovlis, siTeTris mimarT gansakuTrebuli yuradReba da interesi frangi sim-bolisti poetebis Semoqmedebis gacnobiT iyo ganpirobebuli cisferyanwelebisaTvis. am mxriv yvelaze metad aRsaniSnavia stefan malarmes da rusi simbolistebis SemoqmedebiTi gav-lena. valerian gafrindaSvili aRniSnavda 1917 wels cisfer-yanwelTa saRamoze, rom ès siTeTre aris simbolo umaRle-si sulieri Zlierebisa.... es siTeTre aris nirvana, romelSic poets unda ganacalkevos Tavisi suli. aq siTeTre mxolod saxea rCeuli ukvdavebisa~.

terenti granelisa da valerian gafrindaSvilis Semoq-medebiT da pirad kavSirze migviTiTebs terenti granelis leqsebis krebulis redaqtori leri alimonaki. cnobili qarTveli poeti da mTargmneli leri alimonaki, terenti granelis leqsebis Semkrebi da poetis didi moamage, aRniS-navs, rom valerian gafrindaSvili didad afasebda terenti granels. igi iyo, rogorc cnobilia terenti granelis dam-krZalavi komisiis Tavmjdomare. valerian gafrindaSvilma 1922 wels werilic ki miuZRvna terenti granelis poeziis pirvel wigns `suli da saflavebi~.

miuxedavad aRniSnuli poeturi gavlenisa, terenti gra-nelis SemoqmedebaSi Tovli ar aris simbolo, aramed TviT-myofadi emociuri erTeulia, sayvareli mxatvruli saxe. Tu SevecdebiT terenti granelis mikuTvnebas romantikosTa an simbolistTa dasSi sezonebis gaazrebis kuTxiT, aRmovaCenT, rom misi Tovli, zamTari ar Tavsdeba romantikul CarCoebSi. romantikosTaTvis zamTari mxolod sezonis daniSnulebiT gvxvdeba, atmosferuli leqsemis saxiT:

`ragind zamTari myinavdes~ (`muxambazi laTaiuri~, aleq-sandre WavWavaZe), `miwurvilobda zamTrisa Jami, mwvanesa hrToda TrTvilis wil name~ (`besarion gabaSvilis naTqvami muxambazi~. aleqsandre WavWavaZe).

masSi ufro Rrma azris Zieba mkafio suraTs ar gvixatavs. simbolistebTan da qarTvel cisferyanwelebTan Tovli uk-ve simboloa:

194

saRamos Tovli – pirbadea amarsifali –

scviva da farCavs Sebindebul haers landebiT.

(`somnambula~, gafrindaSvili 2002:189)

terenti graneli am mxriv ufro neoromantikosia.terenti granelTan zamTars, rogorc sezonis koncefcias,

moculobis TvalsazrisiT TiTqmis utoldeba Semodgoma.

SemodgomaTu zamTari ganSorebis sevdiT aRsavse siyvarulia, Se-

modgoma aris, rogorc sizmari poetis SemoqmedebisTvis (`Se-modgoma mindvrebSi~), `Semodgomis surneleba dadga, Sore-uli mogonebac elavs. Semodgoma axlovdeba, ira, Semodgoma sizmariviT modis~ (ìras~), (`Semodgoma~). am sezonTan aso-cirebuli feri udavod yviTelia (`kviris SuadRe~). `dgas mdumareba Seuryeveli, dgas Semodgoma da sicivea ... sofels siyviTle gadaexura da irgvliv sufevs mowyeniloba~ (ùkve gayviTlda soflis tye-veli~), ìsev marto var, irgvliv qaria, grigali misdevs ocnebis xomalds. es dRe Zvirfaso, sxva sizmaria, es dRe romelic gavs Semodgomas~ (ès dRe~), `Semodgomis pastorali~ – ìs Cemi suli sadRac gafrinda, mwams yovelive rom sizmaria~. am citatebidan naTlad Cans, Tu rogori myari kavSiria Semodgomasa da sizmars, zmanebas Soris. `fiqri Cadga qariviT Semodgomis napirTan~ (`Soreuli yvavilebi~).

erT usaTauro leqsSi (`ca iRrubleba, modis avdari~) saintereso Sexvedraa zamTris da Semodgomisa. es Sexvedra or sezons Soris mkveTr kontrasts ar iZleva, Tumca tovebs isev uZilobis, mwuxarebis, glovis da ucnobi qalis Zebnis amawrialebel grZnobebs:

ca iRrubleba, modis avdari,me damaqvs sevda Cveni planetis.ase gavida mTeli zamTari,

ase SegvZulda Cven erTmaneTi.

siZulvili da zamTari logikurad ar ukavSirdeba erT-maneTs, magram qvecnobieris siRrmeSi sicive da siTeTre

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sevdisa da miusafarobis SegrZnebas badebs. Semdeg strofSi leqsis siuJeti icvleba da zamTris siZulvilis mere dgeba qariani da sevdiani Semodgoma:

axla foTlebis gundi Srialebs

da wvimas unda cremli danamos.

me dRes imdeni vixetiale,

ukve daRlili vxvdebi saRamos.

(graneli 2012:121)

zamTari, terenti granelis, rogorc poetis, civi gone-biT arCeuli sezonia, rogorc yvelaze rTuli da mtanjveli, sadac brZolaa, mousvenrobaa, wamebaa, Ziebaa amoucnobi qa-lisa Tu ricxvisa. xolo qari da Semodgoma misi sulis nawi-lia, sizmriseulia, sadac iSviaTia garkveulobis, sicxadis gancda: àxla verkvevi da vici, vin var, axla qarebi sulSi mRerian~ (`dabruneba~). `sxva megobari me ar myolia, mxolod qaria Cemi mxlebeli, ufro xSiria melanqolia da gafiqreba SeuZlebelis~ (`poeti patimari~), `noemberia, sulSi moTova, saRamo isev miwas moeba. Zvirfaso, TiTqos es Semodgoma niS-navs sikvdilis moaxloebas~ (`ha, saRamoa, Suqi inTeba~), `da axla CemTvis sixarulia, rom siyviTlea da Semodgoma~ (ès Rrubliani dRe farulia~).

poetis Semoqmedebis pirvel wlebSi Semodgoma ufro siz-marTan asocirdeboda. nel-nela es saxe qreba da ikveTeba dardi da mwuxareba, Serwymuli sixarulTan. `Semodgomis molodinSi~ – `mova dardi da vewvevi xSirad Semodgomis gay-viTlebul velebs ... mova Cumi Semodgoma male, Semodgomas sixaruli moaqvs ... da waiRebs Semodgomis qari ufskrulis-ken garindebul foTlebs~ (2012:187).

`sufevs es dRe da wameba didi, qarSi mival, viRimebi Ta-nac. Semodgoma ufskrulisken midis da xeebi gaZarculi dganan ... yru foTlebis siyviTlea irgvliv da foTlebSi Semodgomas Zinavs~ (`sufevs es dRe da wameba didi~. graneli 2012:187). Semodgomis koncefciac aseve urTierTgamom-ricxav cnebebs ukavSirdeba: sixaruli da wuxili, wameba da Rimili.

196

droTa cvlis saidumlos gaazreba aris usasrulo pro-cesi, romelic xiblavs terenti granels da STaagonebs, Seqmnas sakuTari sistema. cocxali bunebis oromtriali, rogorc safuZveli yofierebis arsis gaazrebisa, aRibeWdeba mis SemoqmedebaSi. rogorc zamTris yvelaze Zlieri xateba aris sidiade, terenti granelis poeziaSi, aseve Semodgomas axasiaTebs qari. Tavad poeti qarisa da Semodgomis siyvaruls Semdegnairad xsnida: aris saerTo cecxli poetebisaTvis da poeziis ganaTebisaTvis. Nnamdvil poetebs swvavs erTmaneTis msgavsi koconi.qaria, rom iwvevs qveynis sxvanair Secnobas, mTvarian RameSi qari qmnis dausrulebel fantasmagorias.Q qari TiTqos daundobeli jalaTia samyarosi, da amave dros, sayvarelia, rogorc uxilavi Zlierebis matareblis Zala. isev vimeoreb: namdvil poetebs mudam awvalebs qarebis dausrulebeli TareSi. qari idumalia da marTali, rogorc samaradiso sagani poeziis. poezias Tu gamoaklda qari da Rame, darCeba sicariele. jer ar yofila iseTi qari Tbilis-Si, rom ar moxvedrodes im poetebs, romelTa gza ufskru-lisken miemarTeba. poezia dRes saocreba aris da sikvdili, vinc axlos sdgas am koSmarTan, is ufro didi poetia.

roca irgvliv sdganan CaRamebuli da mkvdari saxlebi da roca yvelas Zinavs, poeti aTasnair fiqrebiT datvirTuli qarebTan dgas rogorc qandakeba, da mas Tmas uwews qaris gaboroteba ... Semdeg erTad Cndebian Semodgomis da mog-onebis qarebi, da masTan gaSlili veli, foTlebis cvena, gaZarcul xeebis totebs rom aqanavebs qari ucnaurad. an da tyeSi guguni da stvena qaris. es yvelaferi qmnis samyaros mistiur SegrZnebas. da amgvar suraTSi poeti iZireba siz-mareul grZnobebis ufskrulSi. kKidev ufro mimzidvelia da mtanjveli qari simTvraleSi mzis amosvlamde, rodesac uime-do arRnis xma moaqvs qars Soridan. poetebi ibadebian qarSi, da isini misdeven qarebis nakvalevs. aseTia qari poeziaSi (`po-ezia qaris da Rameebis~, graneli 2012: 298, 299).

gazafxuli, rogorc sezoni, naklebadaa warmoCenili granelis lirikaSi da dumilTan, simwvanesa da natvrasTan asocirdeba (`simartove~): `nu geSinia, male gaTbeba, siTboa,

197

male gazafxuldeba~ (àxla es baRi ufro wynaria~), `suls laJvardovan cisken vagzavni ... vnaxe cisferi matarebeli... gazafxulia, ar modis qari, gazafxulia da dRea Tbili~ (`suls laJvardovan cisken vagzavni“). gazafxulis, rogorc sezonis, arsi molodinis niSniT aris gamorCeuli. mas elis lirikuli gmiri, natrobs mis dadgomas. `rogorc iqneba, gava zamTari da male mova dRe gazafxulis~ (`ra vqna davdivar ase damwvari~), `lurji sizmariviT mova gazafxuli, me es cxov-reba axla viwame, isev aprilis dRea mziani~ (`gazafxuli`), `roca dadgeba moTenTili TeTri maisi, Cven SegvaerTebs el-varebiT nazi daisi~ (`soneti~). gazafxulis feri aris lur-ji, iSviaTad TeTri an cisferi. gazafxulTan yvelaze metad asocirebuli sityva terenti granelis SemoqmedebaSi aris – mze. `male gava zamTari, mgoni vnaxav gazafxuls~ (`ganSore-bis lodebi~), `minda male gazafxuli vnaxo, me davikref Cems daRalul xelebs~ (`dila mTaze~). `me es cxovreba axla viwame, isev aprilis dRea mziani~ (ùfroa grZnoba, ufro anTeba~).

poetis SemoqmedebaSi mogvianebiT Tavs iCens survili gazafxulis batonobisa sezonTa sistemaSi, magram es ufro wamier grZnobad rCeba da sistemur xasiaTs ar iZens:

dRes sxvanairi mzis amindiada mxvdeba saxe bevrjer naxuli.da axla isev erTad midianuzrunveloba da gazafxuli.didi xania, ar vici, sad xar,da zeca ufro axloa gulTan.zamTari nela wavida sadRac,ukve siTboa da gazafxulda.

(`gazafxuli~, graneli 2012: 263)

gazafxulis, rogorc mSvidi da imedis momcemi sezo-nis, arseboba poetis SemoqmedebaSi gvirgvindeba SedevriT: `gazafxulis saRamo~ – `gazafxulis saRamoa mSvidi, xidan xeze gadafrinda Citi...~

zafxuli, rogorc sezoni, TiTqmis uaryofilia teren-ti granelis poetur weliwadSi. mxolod Zalian iSviaTad

198

gaielvebs misi xseneba poetis SemoqmedebaSi da igi damo-ukidebeli saxeebiT Tu simboloebiT ar xasiaTdeba. is TiT-qos gazafxulis nawilia, misi gagrZeleba: àxla ufro xSiria Secdomebis daSveba~ (`Memento Mori~), `rva ivnisia, cxela, oc-neba adis camde ... isev sixaruls veZeb~ (`rva ivnisia, cxela~), `me isev menatreba surneleba maisis da zafxulis dReebi, tkbili mosagonari~ (`cisferi siSore~), `dRea godebis, es dRec Caivlis. da velodebi axla sam ivniss~ (`wvima gamefda~ 2012:193). `me vocnebobdi am velze SarSan, roca zafxulis dRe swvavda qalaqs~ (`mitovebuli baRi~), àlbaT ivnisi dadgeba male, dRes xom maisis ocdaSvidia. da menatreba iseTi mxare, sadac dumili da simSvidea~ (`poeti patimari~).

sainteresoa erTi usaTauro leqsi (ìsev miwa da mdumare sivrce~) sadac Tavmoyrilia sami sezoni Tavisi damaxasiaTe-beli simbolikiT da emociiT:

isev miwa da mdumare sivrce

da gulidan isev sisxlis nTxeva.

baRSi vzivar da sicive vigrZen,

TiTqos ukve Semodgomis dRea.

Semodgomis mZime dRis emociebi ufro mZafrdeba zamTris xsenebiT:

dResac vetrfi me Soreul mizans,

Caivlian Rameebi TrTolvis.

mova sxva dro da sisxlian miwas,

rogorc cremli daecema Tovli.

Semdeg strofSi gaielvebs gazafxulis gaxseneba da Cnde-ba imedi rom male iqneb yvelaferi Seicvalos:

o, simebi agrZeleben glovas,

dao, vkvdebi, damimzade kubo.

albaT male gazafxuli mova,

axla sulSi zamTaria ufro.

(ìsev miwa da mdumare sivrce~,

graneli 2012: 266)

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poeti natrobs gazafxuls, romelic dadgomas ar Cqa-robs. terenti granelis lirikaSi xSiria sezonTa cvla. misi leqsebi lirikuli dRiuria, sezonebisa da dReebis mixedviT gawerili.

zogierT leqsSi Tvisa Tu sezonis xseneba TiTqos gariT-mvis saWiroebiTaa gamowveuli:

nela qrebian sulis landebi,Cemi Tvalebi xom daxrilia.mival da mimaqvs qveynis dardebi,marti gaTavda, dRes aprilia.

(soneti – `Cems wyeul saxes SeaCvenebs avi landebi~,graneli 2012: 232).

naTqvamia, rom weliwadi aris drama oTx aqtad, es sistema ucxoa terenti granelis kalendarSi, sadac weliwadi aris drama zedrouli, zamTari, rom batonobs gamudmebiT.

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom bunebis ciklis ganme-orebis Tema, rogorc SemoqmedebiTi koncefcia, miekuTvneba usasrulo kategorias da rCeba erT-erT yvelaze aqtualur Temad mxatvruli Semoqmedebisa. terenti granels sezonTa aRwerisas Seaqvs masSi Tavisi unikaluri xedva samyarosi, Secnobis gansxvavebuli rakursi da interpretacia.

damowmebani:

asaTiani 2002: asaTiani g. valerian gafrindaSvili. Tanamdevi sulebi. Tanamedrove portretebi. didi molodini. Tbilisi: 2002.

barbaqaZe 1993: barbaqaZe T. 10 werili qarTul leqsze. Tbilisi: li-teratorTa respublikuri centri gamomcemloba`rubikoni~, 1993.

bloki 1955: Блок А. А. Cтихотворения, Ленинград: “Советский писатель”, 1955.gafrindaSvili 1922: gafrindaSvili v. peizaJi ukuRma. gaz. `barrika-

di~, № 5, 1922.graneli 2012: graneli t. leqsebi, werilebi, Canawerebi. Cemi rCeuli.

erTtomeuli. Tbilisi: `palitra~, 2012.

qarTveli romantikosebi 1978: qarTveli romantikosebi. msoflio

literaturis biblioTeka. Tbilisi: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1978.`meocnebe niamorebi~ 1919: Jurnali ̀ meocnebe niamorebi~. № 2, aprili,

1919.

200

zoia cxadaia

terenti granelis poeziis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi

`misi leqsebis wakiTxvis Semdeg Tqven usaTuod igZnobT erTgvar siyvaruls adamianisadmi – adamianisadmi, romelic dakargulia usazRvroebaSi da romelsac saSinlad swyuria maradisoba!~

konstantine kapaneli

qarTul saliteraturo sivrceSi, gardacvalebidan TiT-qmis ocdaaTi weli dekadentobisa da pesimistobis bral-debiT tabudadebuli iyo terenti granelis saxeli. mxolod uaxloes megobrebs da erTgul mkiTxvelebs Tu axsovdaT Tbilisis quCebsa da baRebSi moxetiale, ocnebiT da sevdiT datanjuli poeti. ramdenime nacnob-megobarma gaacila misi upatrono cxedari petre-pavles sasaflaomde. winaswar, logikurad Tu intuiciiT, grZnobda sabediswero aRsas-ruls da realobas moklebuli arc aRmoCnda misi naTqvami: `gadavecemi sikvdilis mdumare xelebs... panaSvids gada-mixdis vinme ubralo mRvdeli, romelsac ar eqneba wakiTxuli Cemi sisxliani wigni `Memento mori~. ar Sevecodebi mRvdels, romelsac ar ecodineba Cemi daferflili sulis istoria. mxolod cxedarTan mdgom poetebs moagondebaT Cems dan-islul leqsebidan striqonebi~... rogorc ityvian, sanTel-sakmevelma mainc ar dakarga gza. terenti granelis saxeli, gvian, Znelad, magram mainc daubrunda qarTul mwerlobas...

im dRidan, roca pirveli leqsebiT, pirveli Semoqmedebi-Ti emociebiT anTebuli mSobliuri walenjixidan daadga gzas Tbilisisken, Tbilisi iqca mis imedad da bediswerad, Sve-bis momtanad, Tu savsebiT ara, dReebiT, TveebiT, garkveuli wlebiTac. aq eZebda axal STagonebas, axal samyaros, romelic `mkurnalad Seeyreboda~. terenti 1917-18 wlebSi zugdidis gazeTis korespondentad muSaobda da roca iq Cadioda, erTi ori dRe Tu gaCerdeboda, isev Tbilisisken miuwevda guli.

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soflis meSinia, Tbiliss vefarebi,

da Sen magondebi, rogorc mze warsulis.

mTvares itaceben mrisxane qarebi,

da quCis farnebi bJutavs ferwasuli...

ra iyo mizezi imisa, rom ambobda, `soflis meSiniao~... iqneb, tragikuli bavSvobis mogonebebTan asocirdeboda igi. deda kargad ar axsovda, magram mexsierebis siRrmeSi samudamod CarCeniliyo, albaT, misgan gaucxoebuli da, amav-droulad, maxlobeli saxiereba mSoblisa. sikvdilis zafra ukurnebel senad dastyoboda mis fsiqikas, uyvarda da eSi-noda kidevac mSobliuri kuTxisa, romelsac mwared daemax-sovrebina Tavi:

ra vqna, Savi Ramea,

mZime da usaSvelo,

maxsovs Cemi sofeli,

misi yru adgilebi.

samudamod Caesaxlebina mis sulSi mwuxareba tradici-uli glovis simZimes, ZaZas, bavSvisTvis gaucnobierebels da, swored amitom, ufro Semzaravs. Tavs iCenda is warsu-li... mSobliuri soflis suraTebi, Svebis nacvlad, naRvels uaskecebda `bayayebis yoveldRiuri orkestriT~ (t. tabiZe), saRamoobiT vasakebis sevdiani krualiT, sevdiani mSobliuri hangebiT (miuxedavad Sinaarsisa, megruli xalxuri simRere-bis tonaloba, umetesad, sevdiania); amitomac iyo tkbil-mware warsulis gaxseneba: `da Sen magondebi, rogorc mze warsuli~... qronikulad Camoyalibda mis sulSi e.w. `post-travmuli stresi... narCeni stresi~... (gergi ... 2009: 528). verc dedinacvlis keTilSobilurma zrunvam, macxovris kviris wirvebze mosmenilma locva-vedrebam da sagaloblebis sev-dianma xmebma ver gauTbo suli, ver eziara sixaruls.

`walenjixelis~ fsevdonimiT terenti graneli 1917, 1918, 1919 wlebSi xSirad aqveynebda publicistur werilebs gazeTebSi: `saxalxo saqme~, àxali nakadi~, `tribuna~. meoce saukune mravali qartexiliT da sabediswero niSniT Semovi-

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da saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, maT Soris, sami didi revolucia, dabneuloba, eWvic, aRtacebac. erovnuli damoukideblobis mopovebac da dakargvac. terenti graneli gulgrili ar rCeba am situaciaSi. ganicdis Tavisufal saqarTvelos beds, afiqrebs misi momavali da Tavis gamo-cemul gazeTSi wers: èrovnuli Tavisufleba, – es udidesi problemaa ama Tu im eris cxovrebaSi da Cven vfiqrobT, rom saqarTvelos revoluciuri demokratia darazmuli gamo-va, Tu samSoblos raime xifaTi moevlineba... Cven Rrmad gvwams, rom dRevandel zeimSi mxurvale monawileobas mi-iRebs yoveli qarTveli da amiT erTxel kidev davumtkicebT Cvens mtrebs, rom Cven Segvwevs Zala da unari, SevinarCunoT erovnuli Tavisufleba. dee, yvelam gaigos, rom Cven gvwyu-ria Tavisufali cxovreba da aravis nebas ar mivcemT, abuCad aigdos Cveni uzenaesi uflebebi~ (ìa, Cveni mizani~, 1919, № 1). amave azrs gamoxatavs leqsi samSobloze (albaT, erTaderTi patriotuli leqsi am Temaze granelis lirikaSi, misi poezi-is pirveli mkvlevarebi aRniSnavdnen kidevac, rom masSi ar ismoda politikuri Tu erovnuli poeziis `barabani~):

raRac minda sicocxleze meti, ufskrulia da Sen marto kivi. me mafiqrebs saqarTvelos bedi, me ganvicdi Cem samSoblos tkivils. rogorc oxvra Soreuli gedis, anda rogorc marmarilo civi, me mafiqrebs saqarTvelos bedi,


poeziis `barabani~ anu xmauriani emocia ara, magram misT-vis Cveuli sifaqiziT SeZlo eTqva:

da es bavSvebi ise darbian, quCaSi ufro nela midian. da saqarTvelo CemTvis dardia, da saqarTvelo CemTvis didia.

granelis Tanamedrove aleqsandre (saSa) gabeskiria (mwe-rali, istoriis mkvlevari, ivane javaxiSvilis premiis lau-

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reati) ixsenebs mraval saintereso faqts mis Sesaxeb, maT So-ris, 1924 wlis konkretul SemTxvevas, roca igi diliT adre, qaSueTis eklesiis win Sexvda gafiTrebul, saxealewil te-rentis: ìci, sad viyavi wuxel?! – aRgznebiT mkiTxa da Tva-lebSi daJinebiT Camcqeroda... wyaros quCa ici? iq viyavi wuxel! dacvas davusxlti xelidan! ici, sakuTari Tavi Sem-javrda. iseTi rbili iyo miwa, fexebi Sig mefloboda. fexqveS adamianis sisxlis suni mcemda. mec im sisxlian miwaSi veflo-bodi. gamovaRwie!.. magram, xom xedav, mTeli Rame ar miZinia! erTxans mdumared visxediT, mere damemSvidoba da wavida. axla mas Tbilisis xalxmraval quCebSi xetiali Tu daamSvidebda~ (gabeskiria 1990: 213-214). aleqsandre gabeskirias cnobiTve mas da terenti granels erTad umsaxuriaT wvevamdelTa jar-Si, romelsac valiko juReli meTaurobda. misive naTqvamiT, terentis aqtiuri monawileoba miuRia Turqi askevebis gan-devnaSi. sainteresoa agreTve mogoneba terenti granelze, romelic exeba agvistos ajanyebisSemdgom periods. emigran-ti ilia kuWuxiZe miunxenidan gamogzavnil werilSi ixsenebs: ès iyo 1924 wels. agvistos ajanyeba rom damarcxda, avlabris erT-erT samikitnoSi vsadilobdi... terenti graneli Semo-vida da erTbaSad xmamaRla SesZaxa: gaumarjos saqarTvelos da Semdeg mezurneebs sTxova `samSoblo~ daekraT, rac arasa-survel simReras warmoadgenda...~ aqve, i. kuWuxiZe ixsenebs granelis CvenTvis ucnob leqss:

samaradiso meRirsa bina,

dareka Jamma Cemi Sin wasvlis

da nawamebi sxeuli mimaqvs

ufro nawameb qarTul miwaSi.

mogvianebiT daweril leqsSi naTqvami: `...da saqarTvelo es is mxarea, / sadac cocxali xalxi marxia~ uTuod gamoZa-xilia am faqtisa.

1920, 1921 da 1922 wlebSi igi scems leqsebis patara kre-bulebs: `panaSvidebi~ (romelSic gobron agareli-cicqiSvi-lis leqsebic aris dabeWdili), `samgloviaro xazebi~ da `su-lidan saflavebi~. am leqsebSi ukve gamokveTilad Canda, rom

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terenti granelisTvis poezia iyo mistikuris, idumalebis, maradisobis gamoZaxili, aq gamoCnda misi sulieri swrafva usazRvroebisaken.

gazeT `tribunaSi~ daibeWda tristan maCablis (v. gafrin-daSvilis) recenzia `sulidan saflavebi~: `yoveldRiurobis ironiiT~ waikiTxaven filisterebi am wignis traurul Sesa-vals: terenti graneli modis sisxlian samaridan. ìqneb is iyos qriste meored mosuli~... vinc am patara wigns waikiTxavs, is mixvdeba, ramdenad samarTliania es Tqma. terenti grane-li ganwiruli bogemis Svilia. bogema misTvis sinamdvilea da ara poza~ (gafrindaSvili 1922: № 3). swored rom realobidan momdinareobda terenti granelis tkivilebi.

wigns gamoexmaura t. tabiZe: `terenti granelis `sulidan saflavebi~ dawerilia cremlebiT da nervebiT: sanTeliviT iwvis poeziisTvis. ar SeiZleba am alma cecxli ar gaaCinos. male is gaimagrebs xmas , romelic mas mxolod aferxebs da mo-naxavs Tavis adgils~ (gaz. `poeziis dRe~, 1922, № 1). modernis-tuli skolis nawilma kargad miiRo misi poezia, rapuli kri-tika ki Tavs esxmoda. asedac iyo mosalodneli. `rapelebi da futuristebi terenti granels joxiT erekebodnen poeziis salocav taZridan. aseT did winaaRmdegobriv epoqaSi moxvda isedac avadmyofi poetis suli. am garemoebam erTgvarad gan-sazRvra terenti granelis gza da bedi~ (Wilaia 1984:L 234). es is droa, roca `momakvdavi klasis~ ganwyobilebis gamomxat-velad Seracxes k. gamsaxurdia, g. robaqiZe, s. SanSiaSvili, i. griSaSvili, a. abaSeli, `Savi wigni~ uwodes granelis am kre-buls. isic `mouWkvianebel~ inteligentTa Soris moiazre-boda. rapuli kritikis gamoZaxilad miiCneven a. maSaSvilis naTqvams terenti granelze poemidan `me da baraTaSvili~:

gulamoskvnili tiris graneli,

CvenSi meored mosuli qriste,

uSno, uRono, daubaneli,

maTxovariviT saflavebs misdevs.

(Tumca es dawerilia 1925 wels da ara maSin, roca gamo-ica `sulidan saflavebi~). erTi SexedviT, a. mircxulava mi-

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wasTan asworebs megobar poets. xSirad, marTlac, uRonos, Tmagawewils, Caucmels, romelic xan sad aTenebda da xan – sad, ubinaobis gamo. gaivlis dro da alio maSaSvili gaixsen-ebs: `terenti iyo Zalian kargi Sesaxedavi, gulgrilad ver Cauvlida kaci, uyvarda kiTxva. rusuli SesaniSnavad icoda. kiTxulobda sazRvargareTul literaturas da filosofi-ur wignebs, frang simbolistTa nawarmoebebs. gansakuTrebiT uyvarda galaktioni, bloki, esenini... iyo araCveulebrivi adamiani, gulkeTili, wrfeli da faqizi sulis~. poemaSi galaktioni da terenti gavakritike, rogorc pesimistebi. terentim misayvedura, ra miqeni, biWoo... Sepirebia, Sem-deg gamocemaSi amoviRebo, magram terentis uTqvams, ar am-oiRoo... misTvis misaRebi da dauTmobelic unda yofiliyo masze naTqvami `CvenSi meored mosuli qriste~... danarCeni ki misi bohemuri cxovrebis realoba iyo da, amdenad, asatani albaT... Tumca, a. mircxulava mainc sinanuliT igonebda Sem-deg am faqts: ideologiurad mteri iyo Cemi, axirebuli xasi-aTi hqonda da amitom davSordiTo. l. alimonakTan saubrisas a. mircxulava aRiarebs granelis talants, keTili ganwyobiT yveba masze da ixsenebs funagoriasac, romelic erTxel Sex-vedrisas waukiTxavs misTvis terentis:

Tu poezia moikrebs Zalas,

STamomavloba ramdens icinebs:

roca daxedavs eulis kalams

da maSaSvilis leqsis wiwilebs.

sicocxlis bolos, 1971 wels gamocemul wignSi a. mir-cxulavam `me da baraTaSvilidan~ mainc amoiRo is monakveTi, romelSic granelis portrets xatavda. faqtobrivad, mir-cxulavam amiT mTeli Tavisi ideologia gadaafasa.

terenti graneli saxels iTqvamda, rogorc originaluri xmis mqone Rrmad tragikuli `lirikis poeti~ (t. tabiZe). axalgazrdebisgan siTbos grZnobda. isini uTanagrZnobdnen mas, rogorc poeziisTvis Sewiruls. TiTqos ar aintereseb-da sazogadoebrivi cxovreba, miT umetes, politika. aseTs igoneben mas, magram uTuod sagangebod dumda, sagangebod

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gaurboda politikas, romelic sul ufro da ufro amZimeb-da realobas. is wignieri, moazrovne da sxarti gonebis ax-algazrda iyo da ar gamoepareboda, ra xdeboda mis garSemo saqarTvelos politikur cxovrebaSi. ase rom ara, ar ityoda erTgvari TavmowonebiT:

fiqris triali isev moSales,

isev xmauris dadga droeba.

aq sxvebi sweren mxolod droSaze,

roca me vumRer usazRvroebas.

Cndeba fiqrebi Soreul alze,

vici, es grZnoba ar moispoba.

aq sxvebi sweren mxolod namgalze,

roca me vumRer maradisobas.

`rac komkavSirlebi gaCndiT, Cemi saqme daiRupao~, – uT-qvams axalgazrda poetis, giorgi kaWaxiZisTvis (kaWaxiZe 1984: 188). misTvis naTeli iyo, rac moxda, rac xdeboda qveynis cxovrebaSi. jer kidev 1917 wels, walenjixidan `walenji-xelis~ fsevdonimiT ugzavnida werilebs gazeTebs: `saxal-xo saqmesa~ da àxal nakads~ da SeSfoTebas gamoxatavda imis gamo, rom bolSevikuri bandebi mosdebodnen zemo sameg-relos, qveynis saqme ukuRma wavidao... ase rom, mas kargad hqonda gacnobierebuli arsebuli viTareba. es yovelive So-kismomgvreli iqneboda misTvis. isedac damZimebul sulier mdgomareobas, ra Tqma unda, esec urTulebda.

1926 wels terenti granelma Tavisi ukanaskneli wigni gamosca (`leqsebi~). 20-iani wlebis miwurulisaTvis totali-taruli reJimi gansakuTrebiT utevs mwerlobas, zogadad, kulturas, mTeli kavSiris masStabiT da, konkretulad, sa-qarTveloSi. ideologiuri wnexis Zalas TandaTan Tavisi gaaqvs da qarTuli poeziis gza midis socrealizmisaken. gamodis Jurnali `proletaruli mwerloba~ (1927-1932). ebr-Zvian maT, vinc maTTan ar aris, vinc ar icavs literaturis partiulobas, `kacobriobis princips~... ebrZvian sxvadasxva literaturul dajgufebas... proletaruli poezia Tavisi principebiT odnavadac ar iyo miaxloebuli namdvil po-

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ezias, ufro surogati iyo, romelic marTlac Cinebulad akmayofilebda sabWoTa poeziis moTxovnebs. amaze iTqva: `leqsi daaxrCo wvrilma ambebma, amonawerma gazeTebidan~ (a. abaSeli).

sabediswero dReebi dgeba. sulierad isedac damZimebu-li terenti graneli, rogorc Cans, ver uZlebs Seqmnil vi-Tarebas, iSriteba misi poeturi energia, iTrguneba, depre-siaSi vardeba. midis Tavis megobarTan, daviT kobiZesTan da ekiTxeba: mirCie, rogor moviqce – gavgiJde, mRvdlad vekurTxo Tu Tavi moviklao. megobarma gaamxneva, cnobili poeti xar, Sens niWs afaseben, ahyevi cxovrebas, CamoSordi quCas, sasaflaoebs. dawere leqsi cxovrebasTan dabrunebaze da g. muSiSvils (`mnaTobis~ redaqtors, z.c.), vTxov, dagibeW-doso. cota xnis Semdeg, marTlac, Seasrula megobris rCeva da muSaobas iwyebs àxali soflis~ redaqciaSi, gazeTebis mkecavad. leqssac dawers amasTan dakavSirebiT... magram es iyo amao cda. xSirad fiqrobs TviTmkvlelobaze, razedac ara erTxel mianiSnebs Tavis dRiurebSi. Tavs anebebs samuSaos, ubrundeba awewil cxovrebas, quCas, martoobas... 1931-1934 wlebSi sulieri mdgomareoba urTuldeba, fsiqikuri aSli-loba gamoixateba depresiiT, SfoTviT. sicocxles atarebs Tbilisis, xolo Semdeg suramis fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoSi, Sizofreniis diagnoziT. fsiqiatriuli saavadmyofo da Sesa-bamisi daskvnebi Semdegac nacadi saSualeba iyo bolSevikur-komunisturi diqtaturisaTvis `mouWkvianebelTa~ da sxvag-varad moazrovneTa mimarT. iqneb, iyo gadaWarbebac terenti granelis avadmyofobis oficialur istoriaSi...

1928 wlidan leqsebs ar aqveynebda, Tumca saavadmyofos pirobebSic bevrs werda, xatavda... avadmyofobis istoriis furcelzec ki. kritikaSi, presaSi naklebad axsenebdnen, bo-los saerTod daiviwyes. saSinlad ganicdida, roca saavad-myofoSi mihyavdaT, xSirad gamoipareboda, an masTan sanaxavad misulebs sTxovda, wamoeyvanaT im jojoxeTidan. ukiduresad daZabul mis sulier mdgomareobas isev misive naTqvami Tu Seexmianeboda martoobis da adamianTa gulgrilobis dasaZ-levad. `suli ver uZlebs Ramis napralebs, /o, sibnelea da

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gulgriloba. / krulva Cems oTaxs, krulva Cems Tvalebs. / Tvalebs, romelTac swvavs uZiloba~ (`Rame TvalebSi~).

1928 weli, rogorc sabediswero konkretuli drois mi-niSneba, mis leqsSic aRiniSneba (aqedan iwyeba fsiqiatrul saavadmyofoSi gatarebuli wlebi):

mxolod poetis Cemi da sxvaTa

darCeba leqsi, guliT naweri

da rogorc gemi, sdgas qariSxalTan

es aTas cxraas ocda rva weli.

(usaTauro, `*** mxolod poetis Cemi da sxvaTa~)

1928 wlis Sedareba qariSxalSi moyolil gemTan uTuod epoqis qariSxlis alegoriaa. qarTul mwerlobaSi, gansa-kuTrebiT poeziaSi, swored am droidan gamwvavda bolSeviz-mis diqtaqti. qrebian `guliT naweri~ leqsebi. ideologiis wnexma yvelaze daumorCileblebic ki aiZula, ahyolodnen e.w. èpoqis xmas~.

gasagebia, ramdenad mtkivneuli da gamaognebeli unda yo-filiyo zogadi suraTi im drois poeziisa terenti granelis-Tvis, romelmac ver SeZlo, ar da ver gaiRo xarki epoqisaTvis moZalebul avadmyofobasac Tavisi gahqonda. graneli gar-daicvala 1934 wlis 10 oqtombers, Tbilisis pirvel klinikur saavadmyofoSi. misi sikvdilis SesaniSnav ferwerul suraTs Seqmnis Semdeg lado gudiaSvili. Tbilisze ugonod Seyvare-buli Tbilisis miwaSi daimarxa. Tqva kidevac: ̀ dao, ase mgonia, bednieri viqnebi, sadme axlo TbilisTan Tu samare viSove~... ukanasknel gzaze mis gamcilebelTa Soris galaktionc iyoo, – gaixseneben Semdeg. werdnen, wuxdnen, rom ver mouares, ni-Wieri poeti davkargeT, terenti granels Svela, daxmareba sWirdebodao. gulTbil mogonebaSi misive avtografiuli leqsic gaixsenes:

cxovrobda igi mTrTolvare, civi,

da bedisagan Sewuxebuli.

TiTqos saeWvo qurdi kaciviT

uyvarda Ramis Savi xveuli...

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undoda Svela da swuxda dRisiT.

swamda Tbilisi, udabno dardis.

aseTi iyo iRbali misi.

dResac aseTi mokluli dadis.

epoqis stils `damorCileba~ iyo optimaluri `Terapia~ (Tumca isic cxadia, rom bevr `daumorCilebelsac~ ar as-cda represia da daxvreta), romelsac indiferentulobiT unda gadaefara wminda esTetikuri Rirebulebebi Semoqmed adamianSi. amitomac iklo 30-iani wlebidan qarTul poezia-Si Sedevrebma, TviT galaktionTanac ki... 20-iani wlebis mi-wurulidan (roca graneli wyvets aqtiur Semoqmedebas), sabWoTa poeziis mTavari Tema gaxda Sromis heroika, axali gmirebis dideba, Semdeg es Secvala diadi samSoblos diadi momavlis panegirikam. sityvebs, cnebebs: sevda, martooba, mowyeniloba, tabu daedo. erTaderTi gamonaTeba im wlebidan lado asaTianis granelisadmi miZRvnili leqsia `1939 wlis zamTari~, romelic dRemde arcerT krebulSi ar iyo Setani-li, garda axali krebulisa.

misi usazRvrod mgrZnobiare da metad faqizi suli TviTgamoxatvisTvis mimarTavs Tavis Sinagan mdgomareobas morgebul saxe-simboloebs. misTvis, erTi mxriv, martooba, siCume, sasaflaosTan `mSobliuri~ damokidebuleba (xSirad Rameebs rom aTenebda iq), meore mxriv, sikvdilis, yofierebis egzistenciuri SiSi, bunebrivi mdgomareobaa. ra materialuri pirobebic ar unda hqonoda, mainc aseTive iqneboda, imdenad siRrmiseuli da imanenturia misi sevdiani emociebi. kidev erT saintereso gamonaTqvams gavixsenebT amasTan dakavSi-rebiT: `misi pesimisturi ganwyoba ganapiroba sazogadoeb-rivma da misma piradma cxovrebam; agreTve TviTon iyo aseTi bunebis~ (kakabaZe 1984: 255). `sityva sikvdili~ granelTan imaves niSnavs, rasac yoveldRiur metyvelebaSi da paradoq-sia, magram swored amitomacaa siurealisturad Semzaravi~ (abzianiZe 2009: 310).

terenti graneli sikvdilis fenomens sagnobrivad aRiq-vamda (`vxedav sikvdilis yviTel mantias~). sxvebis Wirisu-fali, samgloviaro procesiis Tanamgzavri, sakuTar oreuls

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miacilebda. gamouTqmeli gancda aSfoTebda, romelsac SiSs mainc ar arqmevda (cdilobda). usazRvroebisken, maradiul samyarosken iltvoda, rom suli exsna. zogjer, TiTqos, crem-lic eTakileboda. albaT, amitomac warumZRvarebia leqsis-Tvis `maradisobis laJvardebi~ a. blokis sityvebi: `Заплакать – одно мне осталось...~ axla TviTon ufro Tamamad ityvis:

cremli ar modis, mainc me vtiri

da Soreuli sivrce mitacebs,

suli gafrinda TeTri mtrediviT,

sxeuli darCa codvil miwaze~...

(`maradisobis laJvardebi~, 1972: 96)

kidev araerTxel gaixsenebs blokis striqonebs, rogorc naTesaurs: `И вижу берег очарованный и очарованную даль~ (epi-grafi leqsisa `sadRac da viRac~).

`sadRac da viRac~ emociuri kompoziciis sayrdeni sity-vebia, romlebic leqsSi mxatvruli azrovnebis struqturas gansazRraven: `sadRac... matarebeli sadgurs kiviliT miuax-lovda~, `sadRac sanTeli iwvis kubosTan~, `sadRac depeSas Rebulobs fosta~ da a.S... ìq. sadRac tyeSi, Srialebs qari da kacebiviT dganan xeebi~... personificirebuli xeebi, kacebTan gaigivebulebi, glovis suraTs qmnian; mTavaria `viRac~, rom-lis gamoc iqmneba teqsti, romelSic Tavad lirikuli gmiris tragizmi ikiTxeba:

albaT, iq viRac gardaicvala,

(gavida Rame da vneba mwveli),

is ar meyofa, rac rom viwvale,

da kidev sxvagvar wamebas veli.

(`sadRac da viRac~, 1961: 47)

TiTqos xorcieli wamebis gzas irCevs, raTa suli, TeTri mtrediviT (TeTri mtredi – aq: sispetakis, simSvidis, ucod-velobis simbolo) gafrindes cisken; ̀ xorcieli martvilobis gziT cdilobs sulis gaspetakebas da aRwevs kidec mizans~ (g. mamforia); misi `suli nazia da ... wminda, rogorc qaRaldi dauwereli~... sulis gamosaxatavad analogiuria metafori-

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zebuli Sedarebebi: `suli angelozi~, `suli Tovli~; suli tanjuli, maradiuli wvalebisTvis ganwiruli:

datanjulia marTla poeti,

cremliania misi Tvalebi.

didi xania, me rom movedi,

didi xania, rac vewvalebi~.

(...`datanjulia marTla poeti~, 1961: 175)

tavtologia (gameorebis erT-erTi saxe) `didi xania~ aZlierebs poetis saTqmelis emociur muxts, rom tanjva-wvaleba mudmivi xvedria misTvis, amasTan – qmnis musikalur efeqts. leqsSi `mkvdari survilebi~ igrZnoba, rom arc sixa-ruli yofila misTvis ucxo, magram konkretulad rodis iyo es sixaruli, ar Cans; TiTqos, arc iyo. `darCa sixarulis mxolod mogoneba da Cemi dReebi qrian peplebiviT~. peplebis farfatTan Sedarebuli dReebi simbolurad mSveniers unda gamoxatavdes, magram momdevno striqonebiT ikveTeba ̀ grZno-bis koconze~ farvanasaviT daferflili adamianis sevda, romelsac aRar surs, gagrZeldes cxovreba, cremli da glo-va: `ra vqna, me cxovreba isev meZneleba / da wiTel yvavilebs tyvia mirCevnia~ (`mkvdari survilebi~, 1972: 53).

`pesimistis Savi Tvalebi ufro xedavs sinamdviles, vinem optimistis Wreli Tvalebi~, – ixsenebs Sopenhaueris gamonaTqvams vanler daiseli – ivane babuaZe (daiseli 1984: 180). pesimistis, am SemTxvevaSi granelis, `Savi Tvalebi~ um-eteswilad muq ferebSi xedavdnen (gamonaTebebic hqonda, samyaros mSvenieri xilvebiT – z.c.) miwier cxovrebas, `mZimes da usaSvelos~, romelic daRupvas uqadda... `Memento Mori~ – Tavzardamcemi simarTliT warmosaxavs sikvdilis arss. im-peratiuli toni mkiTxvels, farTo gagebiT, adamis modgmas miemarTeba: `gaxsovdes sikvdili~. masSi sicocxlis uaryofi-sa da maradisobasTan samudamo Serwymis survilia. raRac su-lier Sexebas nicSes msoflxedvasTanac grZnobda: `da frid-rix nicSe mamaa Cemi~... iqneb es, im droisTvis moduri, pozac iyo, sabolood – gaTavisebuli. `Memento Mori~ – sisxliT da-

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werili, – rogorc TviTon ityvis, uTuod gamoZaxilia nicSes moZRvrebisa: `yvela nawerebidan me momwons is, romelic aris sisxliT dawerili da swere sisxliT, maSin gaigeb, Tu ra aris suli~. leqsSi orjer meordeba konkretuli dro – ìvnisi~ (`sami ivnisi~ – granelis dabadebis dRis TariRi), romelic mwuxarebis aRmniSvneli ufroa, vidre gaxarebisa.

dRea sami ivnisis, minda iyos cameti,

Cems garSemo cixea, mwuxarebis savane.

rom mdomoda sicocxle, sikvdils ar viwamebdi,

miwa ar iqneboda CemTvis Savi samare.

(Memento Mori, 1972: 116).

am tragikuli sulieri mdgomareobis gamomxatveli, teqs-tis dasawyisSi, sintagma `mwvane moli~, idiliuri, mSvidi peizaJuri suraTia, romelic savsebiT ar Seesabameba danar-Cen saTqmels. magram amgvari simSvidis foni granelTan iSvia-Ti ar aris. am SemTxvevaSi ki `mwvane moli~ cisken, TeTri mar-adisobisken mzeramipyrobili adamianis mcireodeni miwieri sikeTea, magram isic warmosaxviTi, iracionaluri.

sadRac mTasTan iwvima, sadRac mTaze buria, amnairi Rimili uwin me ar vicodi.axla me cas vucqeri, caze anTebulia

varskvlavebi, simbolo TeTri maradisobis.

àmnairi Rimilis~ mizezic maradisobaSi gardasaxvis ne-tari molodinia, isev da isev – mistikuri, irealuri da sa-surveli. es ar aris Cveulebrivi sikvdili, uflisken mimavali gza. misi araordinaruloba imaSia, rom mesame gzis ZiebaSia, radgan `sikvdili sibnelea, masSi `samudamod CaiZireba misi sxeuli~. yovel Rames moaqvs fiqri sikvdilze... da eSinia... eSinia, rom cocxali ar iqneba (da ar unda sicocxle), eSinia sicocxlis (radgan sicocxlisTvis gardauvalia sikvdili) ... mtanjveli fiqrebiT ukiduresad travmirebuls poeziis aRmamfreni Zala aTqmevinebs, rom `poeziam icis uecari si-xaruli, romelic udris gafrenas~, – maradisobisken, sikvdi-lis gverdis avliT, – aseTia am sixarulis mizezi, gamosavali

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im tanjvidan, romelsac miwieri cxovreba hqvia: `CarCenili var bavSviviT am codvil qveyanaze... da ar vici, rogor amo-vide am talaxidan, romelsac ewodeba miwa~; sjera sicocxle sxeulisa, magram isev mesame gziT, gaurkveveli, amouxsneli, saocnebo gziT:

ara sicocxle,

ara sikvdili,

aramed raRac sxva...

(`gulidan sisxlis wveTebi~, 1972: 70)

sakuTar TavTan dialogSi ritorikuli uaryofis sin-taqsuri figura gamoxatulia uaryofiTi nawilakiT àra~, amave dros, es orjer ganmeorebuli sityva met simZafres sZens mTavar azrs.

o. WilaZe terenti granels bednier tanjulad miiCnevs, romlisTvisac `yvelaferi jer leqsis saxes iRebda da mxo-lod mere xdeboda gasagebi, misaRebi da uaryofiTi... is Tavidanve ganwiruli iyo dasaRupavad, radgan ar SeeZlo sakuTar arsebaSi poeti gamoecalkevebina Cveulebrivi adamianisgan~... (WilaZe 1987: 125). albaT, es iyo erT-er-Ti mizezi terenti granelis pirovnuli tragizmisa, im usasrulo foriaqisa, romelmac sabolood gansazRvra misi bediswera. man ver icxovra Cveulebrivi, sikvdil-sicocxlis gardauval xvedrs Serigebuli adamianis sicocxliT. iqneb, mometebuladac uyvarda sicocxle, amqveyniuri yofa, `miwa – talaxic~... rom ara is ara – Cveulebrivoba, rac meramdened aTqmevinebs:

isev siSoris cecxli mizidavs, ar minda guli samares mivce, me xom mindoda gasvla miwidan, me xom mindoda gafrena cisken.

(èqskursia cisken~, 1961: 154)

sikvdilis fenomeni terenti granelis lirikaSi qris-tianul msoflgancdasTan ganuyofel kavSirSia, amas qarTul saliteraturo kritikaSi xSirad aRniSnaven. sain-

214

teresoa, gavixsenoT kaTolikos patriarqis, ilia II-is, naT-qvami terenti granelze, romelsac l. alimonaki ixsenebs. uwmindesisTvis mas granelis krebuli miurTmevia: `karg xans visaubreT da am xnis manZilze wigni xelSi eWira da ise mis-menda, Semdeg wigni gadaSala da terentis cisken mzirali portreti rom naxa, aRtacebulma miTxra: es marTlac wmin-dani yofila da RmerTma daglocos, keTili saqme rom giqnia qveynisTvisac da SenTvisaco~...

terenti graneli fanatikurad morwmune ver gaxda. miuxe-davad uflisadmi mowiwebisa, igi ver iRebs rwmenas im sisav-siT, rom misi yoveli dRe ar hgavdes sikvdilis winadRes... rom hqondes gaZlebis unari. misi poeturi gzis dasawyisi daemTxva saqarTveloSi simbolizmis damkvidrebis periods, rodesac poeziaSi sevda gamocxadda, rogorc esTetikuri fenomeni. kritikosi da mwerali s. Wilaia ixsenebs prof. Salva nucubiZis naTqvams granelze: `spinozaze leqcias rom gvikiTxavda, uceb terenti granelze Camoagdo saubari da iciT, ra Tqva? me ar meguleba ufro didi mistikosi po-eti, vidre terenti granelio da zepirad warmoTqva grane-lis sityvebi: `me isev vdgavar maradisobis garindebul sazRvarTan~... (Wilaia 1984: 134). misi lirika aSkarad gamo-xatavda simbolizmis esTetikas. Tavisi poeturi naturiT igi simbolisti iyo, romelsac bediswerad eqca sicocxlis, sikvdilis uaryofa da idumalebis gziT swrafva usazRvro-ebisa da maradiulobisaken.

sadRac Sors naprals nisli ewvia,


qrian fiqrebi da poezia


qrian fiqrebi da poezia

ra aris, garda usazRvroebis...

...qrian fiqrebi da poezia

ra aris, garda maradisobis.

(`sadRac Sors naprals nisli ewvia~)

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graneli gameorebis sintaqsur figuras poetur narativ-Si xSirad iyenebs da, rogorc sxva SemTxvevaSi, aqac emoci-uri muxti Seaqvs teqstis azrobriv sivrceSi; gamokveTilia avtoris sulieri mdgomareoba – gakvirveba, gaoceba. rito-rikuli SekiTxvebiT: `ra aris, garda idumalebis~, `ra aris, garda usazRvroebis~, `ra aris, garda maradisobis~, poeti aZlierebs gamosaTqmeli azris emociur mxares. SeiZleba iTqvas: aq ritorikuli SekiTxvacaa da SeZaxebac, kiTxva-Zaxi-lis intonaciiT. miwieri cxovrebis mravalmxriv sirTulesa da amqveyniur kiTxvis niSnebs kosmiur usasrulobaSi gadah-yavda, iq eZebda `zenaarT samyofs~, magram – uSedegod. ba-raTaSvilis sulier naTesaobaze mianiSnebda. Tavis sevdas baraTaSvilis sevdaze aRmatebulad miiCnevda, `Cems sevdas baraTaSvilic ver gaigebdao~... iqneb, amaSi imas gulisxmob-da, rom baraTaSvilisTvis, msoflio sevdis poeti-filoso-fosisTvis ufro garkveuli iyo `ciur gangebasTan~ mokvda-vis mimarTeba. granelma, ukiduresad areuli epoqis Svilma (SeiZleba iTqvas – kidev ufro areulis, vidre baraTaSvilis epoqa), romlis Tvalwin ingreoda qristianuli taZrebi, ix-vriteboda aseulobiT sasuliero piri, TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZoli qarTvelebi, sisxlisgan icleboda inteligenci-is didi nawili, ver gauZlo ùndobar xanas~... samSobloSi usamSoblod darCenili, Sinaganadac gaucxoebuli, garCe-nili samyaros usasrulobaSi, martoobis da miusafrobis SiSiT izafreba da SeuZlebels eswrafvis. 20-iani wlebSi samSobloSi usamSoblobis gancdas gamoxatavda k. mayaSvili, romelsac saqveyno tragediasTan erTad piradi ubedurebac daatyda Tavs: `Cems samSobloSi, samSoblos dakarguls, dave-Zeb bedisgan kruls~; i. griSaSvils 20-ian wlebis daubeWdav leqsebSi araerTxel uxsenebia samSobloSi usamSoblobis gancdis Sesaxeb (leqsSi, miZRvnili k. gamsaxurdiasadmi...).

t. granelma verc mSobliuri miwis siyvaruls Caatana gemo da RvTisken mimavali gzac gaurTulda... Tumca, miuxe-davad yovelive amisa, misi sulieri ganwyoba, misi poeturi xilvebi arasodes scildeba qristes xatebas, RvTismSoblis saxierebas. qriste da RvTismSobeli is saxe-simboloebia,

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romlebic erT-erTi naTeli saxilvelia mis lirikaSi. uc-nauri (Cveulebrivi mokvdavis xedviT) sayveduriTac ufals mimarTavs, xiluli samyaros arsiT SeZrwunebuli.

Sen, dedamiwav, ufro maSineb,

roca ocnebiT zecas moviar,

wmindao RmerTo, rad gamaCine,

me xom sicocxle ar miTxovia.

(ùmizno xetiali~, 1961: 36)

sayveduris mizezic Cans: dedamiwaze gaCena da yofna ar Rirs. misTvis miwaze sicocxle iyo Zneli. Svela undoda RvTisgan, rom ̀ bednier wamis mTovel zecas~ miaxleboda. ̀ zeca bednier / wamis mToveli, / umSvenieres / dReebs moveli~.

`mSvenieri dReebis~ nacvlad yovel axal dRes axali gan-sacdeli mohqonda am drois qarTuli mwerlobisaTvis. Sede-gi – `bulbuls yafaza, grZnobas – aRviri~ (i. griSaSvili); Tavisufali sityva sastikad izRudeboda, rac sasikvdilo ganaCeni iyo poeziisaTvis. am situaciaSi iqmneboda terenti granelis lirika, romelsac imiTac gamoarCeven, rom umZimes pirobebSic aravisTvis revernsi ar ukeTebia, rom mis poezias arsad ara aqvs Savi laqa; `me damaqvs sevda Cemi planetiso~, – werda, wuxda da miwier cxovrebaze xelaRebuli TviTmkvle-lobazec fiqrobda (Tumca, Tavis mokvla arasodes ucdia).

qrian fiqrebi TeTri da Savi

da es dReebi saxes icvlian.

axla xom droa, movikla Tavi,

metis moTmena ar SemiZlia.

gansakuTrebiT SeZra misTvis sulierad axlobeli poetis, sergei eseninis, TviTmkvlelobam. amas moyva isev kiTxvebi yofna-aryofnaze, pirdapiri gagebiT: sicocxle Tu sikvdi-li... èseniniviT movikla Tavi, Tu sicocxlisTvis ganvagrZo brZola?~... kidev araerTxel dafiqrdeba da dawers: `vusmen roials da modis fiqri isev sikvdilis da TviTmkvlelobis~... magram es ar moxda. cnobierad Tu qvecnobierad, qristianul morals ar uRalata, suli ar daimZima. leqsSi gadmosul `wi-

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Tel mzeSi~ macxovris saxierebas xedavda da codvebs inani-ebda, daukonkretebel codvebs (Tumca, konkretuli codvebi iyo, albaT, fiqri TviTmkvlelobaze, rwmenaSi gaCenili kiTx-vis niSnebi; sicocxleze uari, TavisTavad – TviTmkvlelobis tolfasi).

wiTeli mze aelvarda minebTan, modis Cumi da cisferi Rame, uimedo gulis Zgera minelda,

Sen, wmindao macxovaro, amin!..

Caesvena survilebis grova, rogorc Sori miraJebis seria.axla ufro dafiqrebis droa, Cadenili Secdomebi bevria.

zogjer ironiulia Tavisi Tavisadmi. awuxebs sakuTari saqcieli. aseT dros ityvis: `vRebulob sikvdils, male Tu mova~ (`mTvare fanjaraTan~). `graneli RmerTs mowyurebuli adamiania, aris raRacis ZebnaSi mowyurebuli suli, romelic ver eteva eklesiurobis CarCoSi, romelic ver cxovrobs mxolod RmerTiT da ibneva, usasod rCeba. es misi tragediaa. amas imitom SevniSnavT, rom granelis mistikac RvTismosa-obis nawilia. esaa gza RmerTis Ziebasa da RmerTTan darCe-nisa~ (metreveli 2013: 66); da mainc – religiaa is WeSmariti orientiri, romelic maradiulobasTan, usasrulobasTan akavSirebs `cxovrebaSi gzaareul~ adamians – poets.

zarebis reka wertilebiT Semomesia,uiRblo yofnis saswauli gulSi grovdeba,saqarTveloSi mxolod Sen erTs Tu gagondebagabrwyinebuli Cemi saxe, viT eklesia.

(`saidumlo misalmeba Wleqian samreklos~, 1972: 13)

qristes landi, rogorc mxsnelisa, Tan sdevs, sasowarkve-Tis gancdas umsubuqebs, Tundac – imedis mcireodeni naper-wkali: `me isev vdgavar maradisobis garindebul sazRvarTan, viT mgloviare serafimi da veli qristes lands, romelic damixsnis me gansacdelisagan~. misi tragikuloba imaSia, rom Zalian swrafad kargavs im mciredsac da mudmiv ZiebaSia.

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axla aris ivnisi, axla gvian Ramdeba.

magondeba bavSvoba. es ca maSin sxva iyo!

me maRlobze velodi qristes gamocxadebas,

Semdeg TeTrma siCumem is imedi waiRo.

jer kidev sevdiani bavSvobis dReebidan elodeboda igi macxovarTan Sexvedris mistikur wuTebs (walenjixis macxov-ris eklesiis patara mlocveli):

wami aRmafrenis da fiqri naCvevi,

RmerTo, gamafrine da qriste maCvene.

araerTxel ismis aseTi gulwrfeli vedreba, `mwuxarebas malavs es Tvalebi, miwidan gasvlis survili, umetes SemTx-vevaSi, qristes cnebas, mis saxels ukavSirdeba~ (sordia 1992: 9).

miuxedavad imisa, rom sikvdilis Tema TiTqmis uwyvetia granelis lirikaSi, igi sxvadasxvagvari emociiT, ferebiT, suraTebiT, warmosaxvebiT gadmoscems saTqmels. xSirad sa-kuTar Tavs ucxadebs protests, TviTkritikulia, sikvdils iTxovs uflisagan, sikvdils, rogorc mxsnels.

daval qveyanaze, rogorc Serisxuli,

Seni zvarakia, RmerTo, Cemi suli.

daval qveyanaze, rogorc bnediani.

RmerTo, mapatie uqmad xetiali!

daval qveyanaze, rogorc gaZarculi,

RmerTo, daaCqare Cemi aRsasruli!

(`vedreba~, 1972: 165)

am SemTxvevaSi t. graneli miwaze dgas, realistia da Cveulebrivi, magram gzaareuli mokvdavis eniT gamoTqvams saTqmels, arcTu iSviaTad, igi grZnobs da ganicdis Tavis mouwesrigebel sulier Tu Cveulebriv yofiT mdgomare-obas. misi axloblebis mogonebebidan viciT, rom didxans ver Cerdeboda versad da veravisTan. sulis foriaqi tanjavda. mousvenroba, rogorc avadmyofoba, ise Casaxlebuliyo mis arsebaSi. kidev ufro mtanjveli iyo is, rom amas acnobiereb-da. aseT dros, faruli vedrebiT, Sendobas iTxovda.

219

me, Cumi, mivyvebi landebis aseuls,

Rame udabnoa, vneba koSmaria,

quCaSi mcxovrebs da saxlidan gaqceuls,

Seminde, Seminde, wmindao mariam!..

(`faruli vedreba~, 1961: 106)

`sastik zmanebas~ damgvanebuli yofa, – aseTia miseuli Sefaseba realobisa, romelSic is cxovrobs. warmosaxvebSi `codvis taZariRa~ elandeba, sadac fiqric ki daxSulia da `gaZarcvuli~, anu – uazro, ugono.

anTebul grZnobiT avakivleb cremlebs TvalebSi,roca saSinlad gamaSavebs mTvaris sineste.metad mwvavea es qveyana Ramis rkalebSi

da Cemi leqsi – yaCaRebis cru manifesti.

kviris wirvebSi codvil taZrebs asweven mkvdrebi,Tavis wameba samrekloze marto me minda.o, viyri muxlebs, sinanuliT Sen gevedrebi,me, gaWirvebuls da sacodavs, RmerTo, Seminde!

(rkalidan: `kviris wirvebi~, 1961: 115)

leqsi ̀ micvalebulis dRiuridan~ (epigrafi: ̀ Tema sikvdi-lis Semdeg~) gardacvalebis ritualia, saxeldeba konkretu-li dro: `me wuxel movkvdi, SuaRameSi, rodesac krToden cis varskvlavebi~, saxeldeba sikvdilis Tanmxlebi sagnebi, misi identuri niSnebi: kubo, vardebi, gvirgvinebi... mgloviare saxli da Ria samare. sibnelis garRvevis amao survili, raTa kvlav moavlos Tvali qveyanas; RvTismSoblis cremli, qriste da angelozebi TanaugrZnoben sikvdil-sicocxlis gasayarze myofs. am teqstSi gansakuTrebiT Cans survili sicocxlisa, romelsac poetma àra~ uTxra, rogorc ususurs, sikvdi-lis gardauval xvedrs. nugeSad isev RvTismSobeli, qristes aCrdili da angelozebi arian.

da ecemodnen sadRac wvimebi, Soreul Rrublis sanapirodan.

kubosTan idgen serafimebi

da RvTismSobeli Cemze tiroda.

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arc Soreuli debis locvebi

Cems gadarCenas xels ar uwyobda.

mimasvenednen angelozebi

da kubos qriste win miuZRoda.

ufrosi da, maSo, misTvis dedobrivad mzrunvelis rols asrulebda, umcrosi – zozia asakobrivad ufro axlos iyo da sulier dad warmoedgina, sulis mesaidumled. is patara iyo da, Sesabamisad, ufro emociuri iyo misdami damokideb-uleba. ase darCa zozia t. granelis tanjvis mTavar moziared (Tumca, janmrTelobis gauaresebis Semdeg debTanac ver pou-lobda simSvides). zozia misi leqsis xSiri adresatia. àvad viyavi, wuxel vkvdebodi, / axlac migonebs, albaT, zozia~...; `gadarCeba? – eqimebs ekiTxeba zozia~... aseve, zozias mimarT aris naTqvami: `Cemo zozia, me waval male~ (leqsis saTauria), romelSic isev qristes Tvalebia nugeSi da naTeli sxivi, romelmac unda Secvalos misTvis gamaRizianebeli eleqtro-naTurebis sxivi.

Cemo zozia, me waval male,dedis aCrdili mimelis gzaSi,am naTurebis cofian Tvalebsqristes Tvalebi Secvlian maSin.

(`Cemo zozia, me waval male~, 1972: 162)

meore mxriv, `naTurebis cofiani Tvalebi~ metaforaa cxovrebiseuli sisastikisa, romelsac xedavda igi yvelgan da yvelaferSi. Semzaravia realobis Sedareba sikvdilis Sem-deg gamoRviZebasTan (`gamoRviZeba gardacvalebis Semdeg~). es saflavSi gamoRviZebis asociaciuri suraTia.

ra sibnelea velze,aq sxvaTa Soris mec varda mwuxarebiT vumzermarad mdumare zecas.

da umZafresi RonisqariSxalia dRemde.gamomeRviZa, mgoni

gardacvalebis Semdeg.

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`netav am navSi damaZina da gamomaRviZa asi wlis gare~, – amas galaktioni dawers mogvianebiT, 1934 wels. galaktions gaqceva surs arsebuli realobidan da dabruneba sicocx-lesTan – àsi wlis gare~, asi wlis Semdeg; granelis warmosax-vaSi sikvdilidan sicocxleSi dabruneba isaxeba mtanjveli grZnobiT, sibnelisa da mwuxarebis TanxlebiT. am leqsis ganx-ilvis Semdeg v. nikitini askvnis: ̀ Невольно поражаешься огромному эмоциональному диапазону Терентия Гранели: от глубокой меланхолии, чувства и ошушения богооставленности – до восхишения красотой тварного мира, упоения влюбленностью и религиозно-молитвенного экстаза!.. Поистине, это свойство гения. Его пульсирующая аура может расширяться до бесконечности и сжиматься в точку. Трудно найти аналог в мировой поэезии~ (nikitini 2013: 191).

leqsSi `locva gafrenisaTvis~ (1924) cxovrebidan, mi-widan sxva samyaroSi gafrenis survils ase gamoTqvams:

netav zRvis Zaxilze grigals gavetace, RmerTo, gamaRviZeme sxva planetaze.

trioleti `locva mTvaresTan~ amqveyniuri qariSxlebiT areuli sulis Zaxilia, romelsac `zamTris vardebi (nalo-liavebi, nasaTuTevi grZnobis metafora) damsxvrevia `baRis karebTan~ (sikvdil-sicocxlis gasayarTan); mTeli teqsti mainc samoTxis moimede mokvdavis fiqrebia.

...uSno warsuli, simaxinje mivlis garedan.

saSinelebas miraJebiT me velodebi.

glovis zarebiT gamaqanebs TeTri kareta

da Cemi suli samoTxeSi miva godebiT.

igi xSirad mimarTavs angelozs, romelic TiTqos masSia: `...da CemSi ufro angelozia~... mimarTavs xsnisTvis, rom wame-ba dasruldes, dasruldes `xSiri melanqolia~. misi mzera, rogorc umetes SemTxvevaSi, amjeradac cas miemarTeba.

iyo siCume, sami wertili,

mas Semdeg bevri xani gavida.

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axla Sors elavs ca mowmendilida mixmobs qriste me varskvlavebTan.

(`poeti patimari~)

`Cems amgvar grZnobas tirils uZaxiano~, – ityvis wuxiliT leqsSi `Ramis mousvenroba~... magram godeba xom iyo (aRmate-buli tirili)... iyo glova. amas aRiarebda, tirili eTakile-boda. sworic iyo. amasTan dakavSirebiT o. WilaZis naTqvams gavixsenebT: `mtiralas dascinian da ara mgloviares. ti-rili far-xmlis dayraa, sakuTari umweobis aRiarebaa, xolo glova Sens sijiutesa da sicocxlisunarianobas adasturebs mxolod da kidev – Sens erTgulebas im ficisa da rwmenis mimarT, riTac Tavidanve daiwye brZola~ (WilaZe 1987: 393); terenti granelic jiutad, erTguli WirisufaliviT, glovobda sicocxlis warmavlobasa da adamianis ganwiru-lobas samyaros usazRvro, Seuwvdomel-amoucnob sivrceSi (am SemTxvevaSi mis sulier memkvidred niko samadaSvili war-mogvidgeba).

glovisa da godebis, cremlisa da locvis garda, iyo si-Cume da garindeba, dumili (`maSa, dumilic miiTvale Senami locvad~, n. baraTaSvili) (SILENTIUM) `siCumis yvavilebi~ erT-erTi aseTi teqstia, romelic siCumis, mdumarebis Seg-rZnebiT gamoxatavs martoobis sicives: `mxolod martoobis dReebs vegebebi, mxolod siCumea Cemi kavaleri~.

dumils, rogorc egzistenciuri komunikaciis formas, gansakuTrebuli adgili eTmoba am mimarTulebis filoso-fosTa saazrovno sistemaSi (kirkegori, haidegeri, nicSe, iaspersi); `terenti granelisTvis dumili-siCume erTdrou-lad misi poeturi yofis sazrisic aris – `Tavze siCumis ca maxuria~ da imqveynad maradiuli arsebobis ganmsazRvreli faqtoric~ (g. mamforia). siCume anu dumili, mdumareba – su-lieri saxiT iWreba poetis arsebobaSi, personificirebulia, feric ki aqvs – TeTri, rogorc maradisoba:

Ramea Savi da Cndeba dardi, gulidan isev amodis kvnesa.

oTaxSi TeTri siCume dadis,

siCume dadis, rogorc princesa.

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siCume da dumili is sulieri mdgomareobaa, roca uxila-vi, mistikuri kavSiri myardeba miwiersa da zeciur samyaros Soris... materialuridan kosmiurisken mxolod mdumarebis, garindebis wuTebSi ixsneba gza. Sinagani musika, sulis mdu-mare musikac ver arRvevs am simyudroves. ìsev aqa var, Tum-ca var iqac, / da leqsi – gulia da leqsi sisxlia. / sxvagvari dumiliT vusmen musikas / da axla sikvdili ase advilia~.

terenti granelis lirikaSi uxvadaa dumilis, garinde-bis, siCumis poeturi interpretaciebi: ìyos wvimebi, iyos grigali, iyos dumili da moTmineba~; `da menatreba iseTi mxare, sadac dumili da simSvidea~; `Cemi dumili grZeldeba dRemde, axla vigoneb isev im adgils~; `Ramea, civa, vzivar Ru-melTan, es dumilia da gaCumeba~, `dumilia da marxaven cxe-dars~; `sulSi TeTri siCumea dResac~; `da saubarze ufro didia, es dafiqreba da garindeba~ (usaTauro, 1961: 75). `siCu-me da sibnele~ (leqsis saTauri), dumili – terenti granelis poetur-adamianur ganwyobas morgebuli sulieri mdgomare-obaa, romlebsac gansakuTrebuli adgili eTmoba mis liri-kaSi. albaT, siCumiT da mdumarebiT izidavda `saflavebis mwvane simSvidec~ (`sasaflao mSvenieri gamogonebaa~, – amas mixeil TumaniSvili ambobs).

dgas saflavebis mwvane simSvide

da eklesia TiTqos Tovlia...

(àlbaT, mova dro~, 1961: 378)

siCume – aforiaqebuli sulis TavSesafaric iyo, rac konkretuli mxatvruli Sedarebis saxiT gamoxata poetma elegiaSi `TeTri fiqrebidan~. `suls nisliani qaosi faravs, / dgeba siCume, rogorc karavi~ (`TeTri fiqrebidan~, 1972: 57).

siCume zogjer rekavs, xmaurobs, afxizlebs, raTa agr-Znobinos sikvdilis moaxloeba: àxlac garSemo siCume re-kavs~ (`Semodgoma mindvrebSi~). sasaflaosTan misi ucnauri damokidebulebis erT-erT mizezadac siCumes da mdumarebas asaxelebs: àxla visveneb sasaflaoze, visveneb axla da mi-xaria~... sasaflaosadmi, gardacvlilebisadmi (xSirad kon-kretuli gvar-saxelebiT rom moixseniebs Tavis leqsSi da

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maTs Sendobas sxTovs ufals) mis damokidebulebaSi, cnobi-erad Tu qvecnobierad, isaxeba protesti sikvdilis mimarT. `Ни на солнце, ни на смерт, нельзя смотреть в упор, – isxenebs v. ni-kitini fransua laroSfukos aforizms da agrZelebs: страх смерти преследовал поэта всю жизнь и он, в отличие от Л. Н. Толстого, не боялся признаться в этом страхе, не боялся смотреть смерти прямо в глаза! Это признание было глубоко исповедальным, оно составляет основнее содержание поэзии Гранели, именно она является главной причиной его внутренней эмиграции~ (nikitini 2013: 190-192).

granelis damokidebuleba sikvdilTan antipoduria va-Jas naTqvamisa: `RmerTma daglocos, sikvdilo, / sicocxle Svenobs SeniTa~... `mis (granelis) gauTavebel bodials sasa-flaoze da ucnobi samgloviaro procesiebis gamodevnebas, gavifiqrebT, rom raRac elementi nekrofiliisa am isedac ucnaur xasiaTebSi uTuod iyo~ (abzianiZe 2009: 310). nekro-filia arada, micvalebulTa TanagrZnoba, maTs xvedrSi Ta-visi gardauvali xvedris Tanamoziarobac iyo, albaT, misi es ucnauroba; `vis unaxavs sasaflao, / Tavs romeli imeteb-diT...~ – dawers Semdeg lado asaTiani. Tavgametebuli iyo swored terenti granelis damokidebuleba sasaflaosadmi. aq, mis Teoriul moZRvrad, winaprad, galaktions gavixse-nebT, romelic araerTxel ityvis: `miveCqarebi, rom salami mivce saflavT qvebs... aq ar moismis adamianT uRvTo xar-xari~; àm dros gaismis sevdiT savse zaris wuxili... kvlav win mexatvis soflis brunva, soflis triali~... `miyvars saRamo, sevdiani da mowyenili. miyvars fiqrebSi moqanculi me sasaf-lao... dee, maSinac Tvalwin medgas yofna gaxrwnili, maSinac vgrZnobde, rom fuWia igi, amao~ (tabiZe, `sasaflaoze~, 1966: 69-71). Tu granelis rusi mkvlevris mosazrebas mivyvebiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, galaktionisTvis sulieri migraciis ad-gili unda yofiliyo sasaflao, granelisgan gansxvavebiT, – ufro poetur warmosaxvebSi... samwuxarod, granelis dar-Rveuli fsiqikisTvis sasaflao, drodadro, fizikuradac iqca `migraciis~ adgilad.

sofeli da Tbilisi, Tbilisi da sofeli granelis liri-kaSi, mis cxovrebaSi, – amas gansakuTrebiT gamoyofen poetis

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mkvlevarebi. soflis `yru adgilebi~ tkbil-mware nostal-giad darCeniliyo masSi.

mziani dRea, me Cinars vumzer,

sofels siCumis demoni icavs.

male movkvdebi da vici, gulze

rom damayrian Tbilisis miwas~...

Sanavebis ojaxis ZalisxmeviT wamovida is TbilisSi, sas-wavleblad. terenti granelis 1961 wels gamocemuli rCe-uli leqsebis Semdgeneli e. ubilava winasityvaSi wers, rom terentim bavSvobaSive daiwyo leqsebis wera da gamoqveyneba, `centralur gazeTSic~ ki... `bunebiT amayi da pativmoyvare, Tavs advilad aravis daaCagvrinebda. uaRresad temperamen-tiani axalgazrda, lqsebis weris garda, xSirad mamxilebeli sityvebiT gamodioda sazogadoebriv krebebsa da diskusieb-ze. niWieri poeti Tavidanve SeiZules soflis mokarieris-to elementebma da mis winaaRmdeg sxvadasxvagvari umsgavsi Worebis SeTxzva daiwyes. male terentim samudamod datova sofeli da swavlis gagrZelebis mizniT Tavis ufros dasTan erTad TbilisSi gamoemgzavra. ùmsgavsi Worebi~ granelze dRemde gaielvebs bundovnad... ratom da ra iyo?.. advili war-mosadgenia 10-iani wlebis miwurulis saqarTvelo, soflebi-an-qalaqebianad, politikis duRilSi CarTuli, roca alter-natiuli azris mqones, pirdapirsa da Seuval axalgazrdas, ra dRes daayridnen sxvadasxva jgufebad dayofili medrove-ebi. roca myari argumenti ar eyoT, albaT, Wori moiSvelies... aseTi adamianis Tu adamianebis boRmiTa da SuriT gadmonTxe-uli monaWori poetis moqiSpeebma, moZuleebma qirqiliT mi-iRes. poeziis dawunebiTa da gakritikebiT rom ver gauneles ambicia, ufro mware Sxami gamounaxes. uTuod es iyo mizezi imisa, rom gansakuTrebiT granelis ufrosi da, maSo, aravis ikarebda interviusaTvis, nawyeni iSorebda yvelas. terenti granelisTvis `Zvirfasi debi~ iyvnen isini, maSo da zozia. ase mimarTavs maT Tavis leqsebSi – `Cems Zvirfas debs, maSos da zozias~. – usindiso ciliswamebis pasuxi unda iyos poetis naTqvami.

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TiTqos cisferi ocnebis Semdegisev gamefdnen zamTris qarebi.me samudamod movSodi Cem debsda Tbilisisken miveqanebi.

(usaTauro)

`grigali da Tovli~ is Tavze gadavlili ubedurebaa, romelmac `zamTris qarebi~ (didi mwuxarebis metafora) Ca-asaxles samudamod mis sulSi. Tbilisi uzomod uyvarda, mag-ram sofelic arc ise iSviaTad Cndeboda mis poetur xilvebSi:

`mSvenier sofels vigoneb axla da mTvariani TeTri Ramea~.

(usaTauro: `noemberia da odnav civa~)

`qalaqidan sofeli~ – es aris vrceli pastoraluri su-raTi, xuTstrofiani teqsti:

aravin. marto davrCi sruliad,midian, dReebs bolo ar uCans.zamTari gaqra, gazafxulia

da sadRac yvavils dayris aluCa.

danamulia ezo, yanebi,iqve dgas Zroxa, iqve ZaRlia;albaT bavSvebi dedis brZanebiT,viRac mezobel qals uZaxian.

mivardnil qarSi Srialebs elva,tye ar minaxavs didi xania,dadga maisi, sofelSi albaT,

ufro dumili da simwvanea.

gaTenda dila, axla cvaria,gaTenda dila, Camowva nisli.aravin aris, mxolod qaria,

mxolod foTlebis Sriali ismis.

da sofels vuZRvni me am striqonebs,(idumalia es dRe mziani).albaT SarSandel zafxuls igonebs

sofelSi viRac adamiani.

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ase cocxldeba `sofeli mogonebaSi~ (leqsis saTauri): `sofelSi mainc sxva Srialia, / daiwyo Tova yviTel foTlebis~.

`dabruneba sofelSi~ gamoirCeva konkretuli drois mi-niSnebiT (ivnisi), konkretuli adgilebiT:

mzeras mtacebs saydari. velze gaTxril samares vakvirdebi Soridan,

rogorc miwis Wrilobas.

aq, am fonze sxva tkivilic gaielvebs:

axla iqneb Worebic momedeba talaxad:

me xom bedma gamriya,

Tanac mtanjavs cieba...

am mtanjvel mogonebebSi mcireodeni simSvidis gancda Se-moaqvs mSobliur warmosaxvebs:

melandeba sikvdili da sofeli mamSvidebs,

Cemi tkbili ocnebis lurji namosaxlari.

`soflis siCume~ (leqsis saTauri) Tavs moanatrebs sayva-rel qalaqSi, `sulis siCqare~ miaqanebda iqiTken, grZnobda, `TvalebSi rom cremli yvaoda~. siCumis da wminda locvebis fonze elandeba nacnobi sanaxebi.

siCumes fantavda furclebi simindis, mosCanda samreklo da lurji gorebi. Cems fiqrebs Tan sdevda locvebi siwmindis

da zarebs vusmendi me ganmeorebiT.

terenti granelis poeziis moyvarulT, albaT, erT-erTi pirveli, is striqonebi gaaxsendebaT, romelSic igi sizmrad-gadaqceul Tavisi bavSvobis saxls gaixsenebs:

poets cisferi ocneba daRlis,radgan sicocxle metad rTulia;

da mesizmreba is Cveni saxli,

romelic ukve gayidulia.

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gayiduli saxlis, mitovebuli debis, adre gardacvlili mSoblebis saflavebis da sxvadasxva gulistkivilebis sev-diani gancda ar asvenebda.

soflis gaxsenebis mizezi masTan arasdros aris urbanu-li garemocviT gaucxoebuli kacis nostalgia, es Cveulebri-vi monatrebaa. Tbilisic da sofelic – orive Zvirfasia, siy-varuls ase gadaanawilebs:

kargia axla sikvdili debTan,

mere TbilisSi Tu wamasvenebs.

`Tbilisisadmi mis siyvaruls sazRvari ar hqondao, – igonebs geno qelbaqiani. granelis leqsebSi es udavod ig-rZnoba: `Cemi guli, romelic Camovarda wuxel, dRes qalebma ipoves baRSi. me axla aRara var. Cemi guli gadaeciT Tbiliss, Tu aRmoCnda sadme~ (`guli TbilisisaTvis~); `dao, ase mgonia, bednieri viqnebi, sadme axlo TbilisTan Tu samare viSove~ (`cisferi siSore~).

janmrTelobaSeryeuli, zogjer, agresulic iyo, miT ume-tes, roca Tvreboda. ramdenjerme cixeSi moxvda. cnobilia misi – `poeti patimris~ leqsebic. am faqtebs kargad acno-bierebda (Tumca es ar cvlida mis saerTo mdgomareobas):

wuxel davTveri da me viCxube.

cao, odesme Senc geaxlebi.

Sors sofeliviT moCans didube,

Zirs asanTiviT yria saxlebi.

(usaTauro, `zog-zogis qeba~...)

aq igi TviTkritikulia da ukmayofilo sakuTari saq-cieliT, esaa uTuod mizezi imisa, rom Tavs damcirebulad grZnobs: `da me amnair cxovrebisagan /TiTqmis yovel dRe vgrZnob damcirebas~. zogjer ironiiT ityvis: ìsev movaxden quCebSi skandals, / isev davarRvev wesierebas~. `cixis ele-gia~ (1924 weli; represiebis mZime dReebi saqarTveloSi. z.c.) scildeba TviTkritkis zRvars. aq Cans zogadi viTarebiT Sewuxebuli poet-patimris wuxili: `Cemi cxovrebis sagani gaxda glova, dumili da gawvaleba~. es poeturi garindebis

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dumili ar iyo, mas realisturi mizezi hqonda, qveynis da-Rupvis mizezi, `qveynis simZime mis guls moeba~; simrTele da saTnoeba gamqrala... `da varskvlavebis mzidveli Rame / mZime qvasaviT ecema Tbiliss~. satusaRos sarkmlidan danaxuli (iqneb, verc xedavda da warmosaxviT xatavda) `mosCans vars-kvlavi, rogorc oboba~. bunebis suraTi misi sulieri mar-toobis, miusafrobis anareklia:

sadRac yefs ZaRli drogamoSvebiT,

da sacodavad kidia mTvare.

mogonebaSi `niko firosmani~ g. leoniZe wers: `mxatvarTa sazogadoebam ver SeZlo misi amoyvana quCis ufskrulidan, magram aRarc nikalas hqonda, Turme, xalisi `sazogadoebas-Tan~ kavSiris daWerisa~... amgvarad isaxeba terenti grane-lis damokidebulebac im sazogadoebasTan, im realobaSi, romelTanac da romelSic is cxovrobda da qmnida poezias. Tavadac ùcnaurs~ uwodebs sakuTari cxovrebis wess. es ùcnauroba~ iwvevda mis gaucxoebas, gariyulobas Tavis nat-vris qalaqSi (amas emateboda epoqisgan gandgomac).

Cemi cxovreba ucnauri qreba cremlebiT,

aravin ar myavs, arsaidan Svebas ar veli.

o, Cems garSemo mkvlelebia da gamcemlebi,

ufali iyos am qalaqSi Cemi mfarveli.

(`vedreba ufalTan~)

aramcTu mSobliuri qalaqi, zogjer mTeli qveyniereba sulisSemxuTveli yuTia misTvis, saidanac xsnas eZebs – ama-od: `miwas adgia ca garindebiT / da es qveyana TiTqos yuTia~ (usaTauro, `...albaT mova dro~).

arc epiTeti `mtanjveli~ (`mogzauroba Tbilisisken~) ar gansazRvravs imas, rom granelisTvis Tbilisi siyvarulis alternatiul gancdas iwvevdes: `movdivar, erTi saaTis Semdeg me isev vnaxav Cems mtanjvel Tbiliss~; konteqsti siyvaruliT tanjvas ufro gamoxatavs, vidre sxva rames: ès mogoneba elavs TbilisiT~... àRsareba quTaiss~ naTlad amJRavnebs sulierad awrialebul, simSvidis maZiebeli ada-

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mianis damokidebulebas garesamyarosadmi, konkretulad, Tbilisisa da quTaisisadmi. amjerad, quTaisia imedis qalaqi, romelmac unda daamSvidos `Tbilisis nisliT da RameebiT gawvalebuli~ poetis suli: `da Sens sivrceze me, quTaiso, / veli sxvanair dRis gaTenebas~... magram. rogorc yovelTvis, es imedic ar marTldeba. `bagratis taZris maRal nangrevebs~ isev Tavis daferflil suls avedrebs, simSvides ver pou-lobs da patiebas iTxovs: ò quTaiso, es mwuxareba / da es ti-rili Sen mapatie~. `Tbilisis nisliT wvaleba~ – Tbilisisadmi negatiur ganwyobaze ar migvaniSnebs, es, zogadad, misi damo-kidebulebaa realobasTan, romelsac is arsad da arasdros egueba.

sikvdilis ganuSorebeli landiT Sewuxebuli, Zvirfas qalaqs SesTxovs nugeSs:

vamCnev, naTldeba mTis mwvervalebi

da modis mTvare, rogorc princesa.

me isev SenTan movel wvalebiT

da manugeSe, Zvirfaso, dResac.

sityva `Zvirfaso~ xSirad miemarTebaT mis rCeul adre-satebs: debs, Tbiliss; monatrebul personebs (`Zvirfaso Zalva~, – igulisxmeba mwerali Salva dadiani); usulo sag-nebic: `Zvirfaso xeo~... an, ubralod, iyenebs, rogorc mi-marTvis formas, daukonkretebels. ase rom, Tbilisi iyo misi nugeSic da `dardis udabnoc~, `swamda Tbilisi~, ùdabno dardis~ (ùcnobi landi~).

wlis droebi – poetebis sulis oazisebi, terenti gra-nelTanac mniSvnelovan adgils iWers. zamTari da Semodgo-ma, logikurad, misi sulieri zamTar-Semodgomis adekvaturi droebia, Tumca, misi poeziis mTliani suraTidan gamomdi-nare, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom (rac unda moulodneli iyos) raodenobrivad granelTan gazafxulis Tema ufro Warbadaa. es ukavSirdeba im sulier gamonaTebebs, roca igi gamodioda mwuxare SegrZnebebidan da bunebis mSvenierebiT damtkbari, damSvidebuli, sixarulsac ar ucxoobda. `Semodgomis pas-toralSi~ peizaJuri Strixebi lirikuli personaJis suli-

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eri mdgomareobis anareklia, gancdiT, ferebiT, akustikiT: `baRSi ecema foTlebis gundi, / axla qarebi dasdeven imas, / saSiS fiqridan ukve davbrundi, / roialiviT miwynarda wvima~.

noemberi – foTolcvenis simSvidiT, Tbil mogonebebsac aRuZravs da iqve Cndeba – misTvis ganuyreli, sulis sicive, wamebis SegrZnebac:

da varskvlavebi brwyinaven maRla,

sivrcea, quCa, me var, wamia,

mSvenier sofels vigoneb axla

da mTvariani TeTri Ramea...

(–`noemberia da odnav civa~)

Semodgomis siyviTle masSi ufro sikvdilis moaxloe-bis asociacias aRZravs, warmavlobis gancda umZafrdeba da modis TiTqos trivialuri, magram sevdiani fiqrebi: àm Rrubels, am cas, viRac umzerda / winaT, rodesac me ar vi-yavi~ (`Semodgoma mindvrebSi~). `viyo ase darCenili gareT, / quCa iyos samudamo bina~ (`Semodgoma~). `mova dardi da vewve-vi xSirad / Semodgomis gayviTlebul velebs~... `mova Cumi Se-modgoma male, / Semodgomas sixaruli moaqvs~ (`Semodgomis molodini~) da a.S.

zamTris suraTebic misi sulieri da fizikuri mdgoma-reobis gamoZaxilia. cisferi yinva, nisli, wvima, Tovli ga-axseneben, rom sneuli saxe sikvdils uaxlovdeba, zamTris siciveSi Casaxlebuli sulis mdgomareobas metaforuli SedarebebiT gadmogvcems:

davdivar RamiT da me var Tovli,

da me var nisli da me var wvima.

(`zamTris moaxloeba~)

aqve, zamTris moaxloebis fonze, ityvis: `Tbilisis kvam-lSi vexvevi isev / me, Tanamgzavri mkvdari foTlebis~; foT-lebis personificirebiT mkiTxvelis yuradReba maxvildeba lirikuli gmiris, poetis tragikul mdgomareobaze. `gaixsna vedrebis rkali, / zamTari sicocxles marTmevs~ (`zamTris

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bareliefi~); `zamTari, rogorc tyvia, / mova qariT da wvi-miT~; zamTari sofelSi (usaTauro, `me minda ase davrCe~) dedas da bavSvobas gaaxsenebs – mogonebebic ise civia da Se-mawuxebeli, rogorc zamTari: `dao, sad aris deda? / da zam-Taria civi~...

rogorc vTqviT, raodenobrivad bevrad metia leqse-bi gazafxulze da, Sesabamisad, sixarulis fragmentebic, rogorc poeturi remisiebi, drodadro rom iCens Tavs: `gazafxulia da Cumi dRea, / isev qaria da isev mzea~ (usa-Tauro); `me isev menatreba surneleba maisis / da zafxulis dReebi, tkbilad mosagonari~ (cisferi siSore~); gazafxu-li – ayvavebuli tyemlis peizaJiT, isev aRelvebis da netari cremlis mizezia:

es Tvali msurvelia,

kidev daRvaros cremli

da irgvliv surnelia

ayvavebuli tyemlis.

(`misteria~)

gazafxulis dReebi samyaros, quCas, nacnobs Tu ucnobs sxva TvaliT daanaxvebs:

me sicocxleze vdardob,

aprilis dRea, cxela.

mival quCaSi marto

da nacnobia yvela.

(...`Senc qariSxals danebdi~)

gazafxuli uRviZebs bunebaSi yofnis survils, soflis, tyis simwvanis monatrebas:`nu geSinia, male gaTbeba, / siTboa, male gazafxuldeba~ (àxla es baRi~...), – mimarTavs Tavis Tavs; ùfroa grZnoba, ufro anTeba, / isev aprilis dRea mziani~ (ùfroa grZnoba~); gazafxuli Svebis momgvrelic yofila, ganwyobis mkveTrad Semcvleli:

me bevrjer mqonia dardi iSviaTi,

bevrjer Tavis mokvlac mqonda ganzraxuli.

233

guSin momenatra foTlebis Sriali

da Cumi saRamo isev gazafxulis~.

aqve saimedo, sanugeSo, rom `lurji sizmariviT mova gazafxuli~... zafxulSi dReebi `TeTr fifqebs~ aRviZeben: `qveyanas Rame faravs sruliad, / qris TeTri fifqi da zafxulia~... sxvadasxva leqsSi ganwyobis mimaniSnebel ep-iTetad xSirad aris gamoyenebuli sityva `mziani~. `mziani dRe~, `mziani dila~, `mziani dari~, `mziani orSabaTi~, `mziani sivrce~...

dRes sxvanairi sicocxle vigrZen

da qveyanaze aRar vetevi,

mziani dRea, elvarebs sivrce

da dafrinaven maRla mtredebi.

(`... es mTebi~)

peizaJuri lirikis gamorCeuli nimuSia terenti grane-lis `gazafxulis saRamo~. idiliur fons qmnis teqstis da-sawyisi: `gazafxulis saRamoa mSvidi, / xidan xeze gadafrinda Citi~... poetis sixarulis gancdac TiTqos imdeni droiT ga-nisazRvreba, ramdeniTac xidan xeze Citis gadafrena, magram es didi sixaruliT SeCerebuli wamis gancdaa, romlis gamo-xatva mxolod poezias SeuZlia:

suli sazRvars gadascdeba freniT,axlac maxsovs misamarTi Seni.camde wvdeba Rameebis sigrZe,raRac didi sixaruli vigrZen.

sixaulis mizezic gaielvebs: `suli sazRvars gadascilda freniT, / axlac maxsovs misamarTi Seni~, magram hiperboli-zebul sulier amaRlebas mosdevs moulodneli, poeturad Zalze efeqturi da am situaciisTvis kontrastuli Strixi:

win meSleba sxva ocnebis are.

miwis cqeriT daiRala mTvare.

konkretuli mSvenierebis xilvebma TiTqos ver gadafa-res miwieri cxovrebis damRleli realoba (`daRlili

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mTvaris~ metafora), magram leqsis dasawyisi striqonebis ganmeorebiT mainc sixarulis virtualuri suraTi ixateba. terenti granels gansakuTrebiT axasiaTebs gancdaTa mo-ulodneli monacvleoba erT teqstSi. es misi bunebrivi mdgomareobaa, adamianuri xasiaTis, poeturi emociebis swrafi gardamavloba.

usaTauro leqsSi (...ès aris baRSi axla movedi~), adre-uli Semodgomis peizaJi, lirikuli subieqtis sulis fori-aqis (`civi dRis~ metaforiT) warmosaxvacaa da, amavdrou-lad, garesamyaros momxibvlelobisac.

...da var aseTi Zvirfasi dResac,

Zirs yvavilia da maRla zeca.

me vzivar baRSi da Citi Jivis,

dRea seqtembris da dRea civi...

ukiduresi, `cecxladmodebuli~ sevdis drosac (`da sev-da ufro cecxlis msgavsia~) SeuZlia samyaros silamazis aR-qmac da misi ferwerulad warmosaxvac:

dgas fanjarasTan es akacia

da fanjarasTan Cerdeba mTvarec.

mTvare mis poeziaSi xSirad Cndeba rogorc nacnobi saxiT (mileuli mTvare, mimqrali mTvare), ise – mxolod graneli-seuli (miwis cqeriT daRlili, mTvare beberi, Sors darCeni-li, `mTvare pricesa~, `mTvaris sineste~ – mTvare – cis TeTri sayure), xanac – mze da mTvare erTad, cisferi maradisobis xatebi: `sevda elavda xmaSi, / sdumda cisferi mxare, / da caze iyo maSin / orive: mze da mTvare~ (`mTvare dRis sam saaTze~). mzes moaqvs uecari imedic, xanmokle, magram mainc gaxarebis mizezi, maradisobaSi, wuxilSi `Ramenalevi~ kacisa. `gaivlis Rame – samare sulis, / o, mixaria es gaTeneba / da gaval mzeze me moqanculi, / rogorc sizmari da moCveneba~.

gaTenebis molodinSi xSirad axsenebs sixaruls, romel-mac unda daaviwyos Ramis qarebis guguni, `mounugeSos vardi da – ufro ia~:

235

da Cems garSemo isev arian, axla ar minda Seni xseneba. Ramea, vwevar da mixaria me xvalindeli dRis gaTeneba.

(ùkve gaTavda guguni qaris~)

dila uZilo Ramis (masTan xSiria `TeTri Rame~ – TeTrad gaTenebuli), Semdeg sicocxlis survils uRviZebs:

zaris Soreul xmazeocnebas sevda Crdilavs. sicocxlis survils maZlevs

es Rrubliani dila.

mzis xilva, zogjer warmarTiviT aRelvebs (`wvimda da uceb mze gamovida, / da gaviSvire mzisken xelebi~), magram si-xarulic aSinebs, patiebas iTxovs uflisgan, rom ar daisa-jos am uecari aRtacebisaTvis.

me wuxel kidev Rame vaTie da modioda fiqri faruli. RmerTo! miSvele da mapatie

es aRataceba da sixaruli...

iras – sayvarel qals, eZRvneba leqsi, romelSic grane-lisTvis niSandoblivi uimedoba da imedi, sevda da sixaruli erTmaneTs erwymis da, amjerad, sixaruli metobs: `Sensken mohqris es ocneba wminda, / ufskrulia da me raRac mSvelis; / SenTan erTad me sicocxle minda, / SenTan erTad Semodgomas veli~ (ìras~).

terenti granelis satrfialo lqsebi arc ise bevria, magram, rac aris, gulwrfeli da emociuria. `qali matare-belSi~ ganSorebis sevdas gamoxatavs. warmosaxviT qmnis uc-nobi qalis mwuxare saxes da masTan sulier erTobliobas, rac aTqmevinebs: ès TeTri Rame me isev miyvars, / Ramea TeTri da Zili ar msurs~. Ramis gaTeTrebis mizezi ki is matarebelia, romelmac ucnob, magram saocnebo qals gayara. `mesmis Sri-ali idumal ZalTa / da modis mTvare ase beberi. / da orTqma-vali kivis vagzalTan, / ukve daiZra matarebeli~.

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siSoris gancdas gamoxatavs orstrofiani leqsi (`Sen~, `me~), romelSic qali mas igonebs, `rogorc unazes poets~, `sxvebi modian, da Sen ara xar, guldawyvetili xes miveyrdnobi~...

granelis sasiyvarulo leqsebidan gansakuTrebiT sain-teresoa `Sens molodiSi~ da `qalis agonia~, romelTac hyavs TavianTi adresatebi. pirveli eZRvneba T. -Zes, romelic cxovrobda q. kievSi, iyo meuRle didi samxedro pirisa. mas granelis leqsebi kargad scodnia, Zalian moswonebia da ram-denime werilic gamougxavnia poetisTvis (ix. geno qelbaqi-anis mogoneba wignSi `Cemi cxovreba mxolod leqsia~). mesame werilisTvis terentisac upasuxia, qalisgan suraTic miuRia da, rogorc g. qelbaqiani da d. kobiZe ixseneben, es urTier-Toba sasiyvarulo grZnobaSi gadazrdila. Tamari qmars gay-ria (mizezi gaurkvevelia) da TbilisSi Camosula. ase Seiqmna leqsi `Sens molodinSi~:

me Senze vfiqrob da TiTqo gxedav, vfiqrob da isev dRea mziani.Zvirfaso, mosvla rad gagiZnelda,

Zvirfaso, risTvis daigviane?!

graneli da qelbaqiani daxvdnen mas, magram, samwuxarod, terentim ver gamoiCina sulgrZeloba: qali ar moewona da saswrafod gaSorda iqaurobas. Tamari ki uxerxulobisgan atirda. `siyvarulisgan ganikurna, – ixsenebs g. qelbaqiani, magram dasneuloda sxva tkivilebiT. `ratom mwerda aseT naz werilebs, rad mivwere me werilebi, rad mivwere leqsi, ase rad movtyuvdi, rad memtereba muxTali bedi~ (qelbaqiani 1984: 39-40). amas mohyva, rogorc qelbaqiani wers, Semdegi leqsic:

...da sevda mipyrobs isev da isev, dabnelda Cemi ocnebis mxare, aryofnis Ramev, Sen damifare,

aryofnis Ramev, Sen damifare.

am sasiyvarulo istoriis gamoZaxili unda iyos leqsi `ganSorebis Semdeg~, romelSic igi adresats, qals, mimar-

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Tavs: `Sen ganSorebas ufro nanobdi / da TvalSi TeTri crem-li brwyinavda~ (sinamdvileSic xom ase iyo). graneli imasac ambobda Turme, albaT, aseTi Raribic ar vegone, Torem, iqneb, arc Camosuliyoo:

is ar viyavi, rasac elodi,

Zvirfaso, axla miTxari ra gsurs?

me SegamCnie, icremlebodi

da roialic tiroda warsuls...

`qalis agonia~ (1924) eZRvneba Tina (TinaTin) roiniSvils, Zalze saTno da keTilSobil qalbatons, romelmac didxans icocxla da lamazad Semoinaxa granelis tanjuli cxovrebis xsovna. is iyo erT-erTi, vinc cdilobda, rogorme daxmare-boda gzaareul poets. terenti aRebul honorars erT dReSi xarjavda da momWirneoba rom gamoeCina, me momabarebda fuls, magram cdunebas ver Zlevda da maleve ukan mihqondao... gan-sakuTrebuli pativiscemiT yofila ganwyobili Tina roiniS-vilisadmi. es mowiweba, sisufTave Cans am leqsSic. misi trfi-alis xasiaTi `SoriT krZalva~ iyo amjeradac.

daRonebuli da marad susti,

sarkesTan fiqrob, rogorc diana.

dResac Soreul megobars ucdi,

magram man mosvla daigviana...

...Seni lodini sanamde gastans,

anda sanamde iqnebi wminda?

ra mizezia, jer axalgazrdas,

rom Sen cxovreba ase mogwyinda?!.

nino dadiani (cnobili qarTveli mwerlis, Salva dadianis, diswuli) ixsenebs (ix. wignSi `Cemi cxovreba mxolod leq-sia~) t. granelis gacnobis ambavs da misdami miZRvnil leqss `qali, romelic cxovrobs eklesiis ezoSi~, gamoqveynebula `qarTul mwerlobaSi~ (1927) da Zmis, kote dadianis, xeliT gamougzavnia ninosTvis. Tavis muzad miiCnevda nino dadians. paolo iaSvili da tician tabiZe `terenti granelis xats~

238

meZaxdneno, – ixsenebs n. dadiani. marTlac, Zalze faqizia poetis mimarTva saTayvanebeli axalgazrda qalisadmi.

Sen giyvars caze mTvaris ronini,

ginda, qveyana rom geucxovos

da gandgomili monazoniviT

Sen eklesiis ezoSi cxovrob...

qalisadmi saTuTi damokidebulebiT gamoirCeva leqsebi: `Zvirfas qals~, `lenoras~...

terenti graneli ramdenime sonetis avtoria: `soneti dedinacvals~, `saidumlo misalmeba Wleqian samreklos~, `firosmaniSvils~, soneti – miZRvnili grigol robaqiZi-sadmi, soneti – usaTauro... T. barbaqaZis azriT, `terenti granelis poezia ver ascdeboda galaktionisa da `cisfer-yanwelTa~ Semoqmedebis drosa da sivrces da simbolisturi mxatvrul-esTetikuri saxeebiT da SegrZnebebiT iqneboda nasazrdoebi. t. granelis sonetebSi ar Wirs poetis simbo-listuri msoflmxedvelobis damadasturebeli poeturi xatebis gamoyofa~ (barbaqaZe 2008: 153-164).

`soneti dedinacvals~, Tavisi msoflgancdiT, granelis biografiis, misi fizikuri da sulieri cxovrebis nawilia, tkbil-mware warsulis, mwuxarebis da tanjvis identuri saxe-simboloebiT: `wvimiani dRe da sasaflao~; `civi saxareba~ da `codvili avsulebi~; `ferwasuli mTvaris anTeba~ (anTeba tanjvisa)... moniSnulia bavSvobis yvela tkivili da mTavari – ixateba am saocari dedinacvlis emociuri portreti, misda-mi pativiscemisa da granelisTvis Cveuli mowiwebis JestiT:

gars gaxvevia mwuxareba glovis bindebad,

oqros xatebSi monazoni Zvel monebs stiri.

da kvlav gelaTis gesizmreba Sen monasteri...

soneti `firosmaniSvils~ dawerilia 1920 wels. firos-mani am dros ori wlis gardacvlilia. ori wlis Camosulia granelic TbilisSi. man ukve icis da kargadac icis, am teqsti-dan gamomdinare, am ucnauri bedis mxatvris Sesaxeb. es, erTi

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mxriv, migvaniSnebs imaze, rom TbilisSi kulturulma sazo-gadoebam ukve kargad icoda firosmanis fasi da, meore mxriv, sruliad axalgazrda (22 wlis) terenti granelisTvisac, Tu ufro metad ara, am sazogadoebaze naklebad ar iyo gasagebi nikalas niWiereba, tragikuli cxovrebis istoria, misi adami-anuri sisuste Tu Rirseba: àr kadrulobdi Sebralebas bedis winaSe~. marTlac, aseTs ixseneben Semdeg firosmans misi Ta-namedroveni: ...`xom ubraloa, Tavi mainc rCeulad moaqvs, xom Raribia, ukadrebels veravin kadrebs, xom sul mTvralia, mipatiJebas ar Rebulobs, siamayis gamo `grafi SevarqviT~ (lebaniZe 2013: 85); Tavadac misi bedis moziare iyo, masac igi-ve moeloda `codvil qalaqSi~, qalaqSi, romlis gareSe verc erTi Zlebda da verc – meore.

locviT amsxvrevdi ziarebas sasaflaoze.

sisxlian mkerdiT aitane brolis armazi.

anTebul mxatvars saiqio albaT gaocebs.

Seni ocneba isvenebda wiTel narmaze.

codvil qalaqSi dadiodi Coxis amara.

saSinelebam ucnaurad dagasamara.

`Не случайно Терентий Гранели воспел этого конгениального художника, чувства глубокую с ним внутреннюю близость и понимая свою онаковост~ (nikitini 2013: 188).

gansakuTrebiT interess iwvevs masSi galaktioni, `yo-velTvis didi galaktioni~, – rogorc ityoda... simbolist poetad aRiarebda mas. sakuTar azrebs simboloebiT gad-mogvcems da individualuri fenomeniT suldgmulobso: `galaktioni mimarTulebiT simbolistia... mis leqsebSi um-Tavresad sifaqizis da sinazis misticizmi gamosWvivis. ga-laktioni individualizmis cecxliT aris gamsWvaluli. mas swams mxolod `me~, rogorc msoflios ganusazRvreli da ganuyreli nawili. galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi aris Tavise-buri samyaro, romelic xilul qveynis anareklia: igi yovel-Tvis sagnebis gadaRma eZiebs msoflioSi gabneul ferebs da aq aris galaktionis gamarTleba; mas uyvars musikis da gancdis

240

erTmaneTTan Sexameba, romlis sinTezSi adamians ZaluZs emociur da esTetiur grZnobis dakmayofileba~... (graneli 1920, № 4).

yovelive es kargad gamoiTqva mis leqsSi `me da galak-tioni~ (1924): `galaktionSi aris demoni / da CemSi ufro an-gelozia~... `galaktionSi miwa anaTebs / da CemSi ufro zecis sxivia~... `galaktionSi lurji feria / da Cems leqsidan mo-Cans ufskruli~... ramdenime leqsSi (`Memento Mori~, `cisferi siSore~...) sagrZnobia ritmuli msgavseba, galaktionis teq-stebTan (`lurja cxenebis~, èfemeras~ ritmuli JReradoba).

mcireodeni damTxveva piriqiTac gvxvdeba: `da mesizmre-ba xSirad micvalebuli deda~ (graneli 1926); ̀ ise ar gava Rame, ar damenaxos deda~ (g. tabiZe, leqsidan ìlia mReris – vahme!~, 1930). galaktioni am teqstSi ilias tragediaSi, alegori-ulad, Tavis Tavsac moiazrebs, erT mTlianobaSia gancdili ilias xvedri da piradi tragediac, tyviis gareSe moklu-li gulisa (epoqis tyviiT). amaSia CarTuli deda, rogorc RvTismSobeli, nugeSisaTvis, rom ìm samudamo mxares~ ilo-cos; granelTan deda, rogorc manugeSebeli, galaktionisgan gansxvavebiT, ar iwvevs asociaciebs, is mxolod sakuTar wu-xilze, mtrebiT garemoculi sulis wuxilze, wers. galaktio-ni Sinaganadac Zlieria am situaciaSi:

im samudamo mxares,

albaT, Sen Cemze swuxar,

dards nu eZlevi mwares,

ar waqceula muxa.

araferia! mRvriiT

de, ireodes mumli,

mainc xom cocxlobs tyviiT

tyed gangmiruli Subli.

graneli sustia aseT viTarebaSi... `da emsgavseba foTols / Cemi mwuxare suli~, `Runavs qarebi alvas~, anu Runavs mas cxovreba, sZlevs: `damwva sakuTar alma, / vatyob, TandaTan vqrebi~, `...vfiqrobT, arsebiTi mniSvneloba arcerT moxmo-

241

bil SemTxvevas ara aqvs; galktioni yovelTvis rCeba, ro-gorc `didi galaktioni~ (t. graneli). sakuTari xelweriT. rac Seexeba motivebs, ganwyobas, sevda-mwuxarebis gamox-atvas, galaktionTan es marTlac, stiqiasaviT sagrZnobia, qariSxlis Zala aqvs mkiTxvelis SegrZnebaSi, galaktionis sevdis mizezic mraval-gvar-ferovania... granelis sevda, arsebiTad, sicocxlis, Jamis swrafmavlobasa da sikvdilis usaSvelo fenomens miemarTeba, Tanac, rogorc locva, gra-neliseuli xelweriT da msoflgancdiT. rac unda ecados mkvlevari, Znelia, bolomde Cawvdes poetis sulier samyaros, miT umetes, granelis sulier wyobas, mistikiT daferils...

ès Cemi sevda da mwuxareba

darCeba marad Seucnobeli,

(...`Cemi bedi~)

– wers da simarTle mis mxaresaa. amitomac rCeba igi, umTavre-sad, ̀ Memento Mori-s~ poetad. aqac sagulisxmod migvaCnia v. ni-kitinis mosazreba: ̀ Сборник ̀ Memento Mori~ стал не только подлин-но знаковым произведением в творчестве поэта, но и экстраординарным явлением в мировой поэзии. Призывный его лейтмотив, вынесённый в заглавие, звучит и как погребальный звон в жизни смертного человека, и как древняя философская мудрость, и как религиозная заповедь миро-вых религии – прежде всего, християнства~ (nikitini 2013: ).

damowmebani:

abzianiZe 2009: abzianiZe z. terenti graneli. wignidan: literaturu-li portretebi. Tbilisi: `bakmi~, 2009.

alimonaki 1971: alimonaki l. terenti granelis poezia. ciskari, # № 7. Tbilisi: 1971.

alimonaki 1984: alimonaki l. Cemi cxovreba mxolod leqsia. `gege Sa-nava `terenti granelze~. Tbilisi: `nakaduli~, 1984.

andriaSvili 1984: andriaSvili a. terenti graneli. wignSi `Cemi cxov-reba mxolod leqsia~. Tbilisi: `nakaduli~, 1984.

barbaqaZe 2008: barbaqaZe T. ̀ terenti granelis sonetebi~. wignSi: sone-ti saqarTveloSi. Tbilisi: ùniversali~, 2008.

boreli 1984: boreli T. (platon keSelava). terenti granelis cxovre-ba. wignSi `Cemi cxovreba mxolod leqsia~ (Semdgeneli l. alimonaki). Tbilisi: `nakaduli~, 1984.

242

gabeskiria 1990: gabeskiria a. didi poeti. wignidan: cqitiSvili g. `vici, dro mova Cemi gagebis~. Tbilisi: `merani~. 1990.

gamsaxurdia 1922: gamsaxurdia g. J. ìlioni~, # № 2, 1922. gafrindaSvili 1922: gafrindaSvili v. ̀ sulidan saflavebi~. gaz. ̀ tri-

buna~, # №3, 1922.gergi ... 2009: gergi r., zimbado f. fsiqologia da cxovreba. Tbilisi:

Tsu gamomcemloba, 2009.graneli 1919: graneli t. axal samyaroSi. J. `kronosis sarke~, # №1, 1919.graneli 1920: graneli t. àxali nakadi~. galaktionis saRamos gamo.

№ #4, 1920. graneli 1961: graneli t. rCeuli. Tbilisi: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1961.graneli 1972: graneli t. lirika. Tbilisi: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1972.daiseli 1984: daiseli v. Memento Mori. wignSi: `Cemi cxovreba mxolod

leqsia~. Tbilisi: ` nakaduli ~, 1984.kakabaZe 1984: kakabaZe p. terenti granelis gaxseneba. wignSi: `Cemi cx-

ovreba mxolod leqsia~. Tbilisi: `nakaduli~, 1984.kaWaxiZe 1984: kaWaxiZe g. `visac undoda gafrena cisken~. mogonebebi

granelze. Tbilisi: `nakaduli~, 1984.lebaniZe 2013: lebaniZe S. wignidan ès me var firosmani~. Tbilisi: 2013.metreveli 2013: metreveli f.-s. terenti graneli. literaturuli

Ziebani. XXXIUV. Tbilisi: literaturis institutis gamomcemloba, 2013.nikitini 2013: Никитин В. “Внутренняя эмиграция» в жизни и поэзии Теренти

Гранели”. VII saerTaSoriso simpoziumi literaturaTmcodneobis Tana-medrove problemebi literatura devnilobaSi. emigrantebis mwerloba (me-20 saukunis gamocdileba). masalebi, nawili I. Tbilisi: literaturis institutis gamomcemloba, 2013.

sordia 1992: sordia l. `saRmrToTa saxelTaTvis~ terenti granelis lirikaSi. wignidan: ùcnobi sfinqsi~. soxumi: 1992.

tabiZe 1966: tabiZe g. Txzulebani Tormet tomad. t. I. Tbilisi: `sab-WoTa saqarTvelo~, 1966.

qelbaqiani 1984: qelbaqiani g. ̀ is mxolod poeziiT cocxlobda~. wignSi: `Cemi cxovreba mxolod leqsia~. Tbilisi: `nakaduli~, 1984.

Ciqvanaia 1984: Ciqvanaia T. `mware sinamdvile~. wignSi: `Cemi cxovreba mxolod leqsia~. Tbilisi: ` nakaduli ~, 1984.

cqitiSvili 1990: cqitiSvili g. vici, dro mova Cemi gagebis. Tbilisi: `merani~, 1990.

Wilaia 1984: Wilaia s. iyo erTi poeti. wignSi: `Cemi cxovreba mxolod leqsia~. Tbilisi: ` nakaduli ~, 1984.

WilaZe 1987: WilaZe o. samtomeuli. t. III. Tbilisi: 1987.

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Tamarela woworia

terenti granelis riTma

„ar meSinia movardnil talRis,

gavimeore Cemi riTmebi“.

terenti graneli

`vici, dro mova Cemi gagebis~, – werda terenti graneli da Tavis dros eloda. Cveni interesi misi Semoqmedebisadmi da samecniero sesiis gamarTva amaze metyvelebs, radgan aSkaraa survili terenti granelis olamSi, anu mis drosa da sivrce-Si yofnisa.

dedamiwaze poetad yofnis dro – o-lami, Zalian xanmokle, lamis (TiTqmis) erTi gaelvebaa. didi olamis sivrce, adgili – (Tixa, lami, talaxi) aseve misxalia. roca gardasul poets vikvlevT, Cveni droebi erTmaneTs emTxveva, xdeba am droebis zeddeba da SesaZlebloba gvaqvs im drois ambebic ganvWvri-toT, anu gavigoT is, rac gadaxda am wuTisofelSi terenti granels, rogorc poetsa da pirovnebas. amaze dakvirveba gonebis Tavisufali mimoqcevis Sedegia da saintresoa Cav-wvdeT da SevimecnoT Tu ra kulturuli kavSiri aqvT gar-dasul poetebs TanamedroveebTan.

`me minda gafrena, me minda yvelgan viyo, rogorc Rmer-Ti~... imTaviTve ganacxada da 1924 wels misi popularoba TiTqmis galaktionisas gautolda. galaktionic aRiarebda granelis poezias.

leqsiT mesame gzis moxelTebaze ocnebobda terenti, granelamde aravis uZebnia poeziaSi mesame gza... àra sico-cxle, ara sikvdili, aramed raRac sxva~... am sxvas saxelic ar daarqva; Tavi kuboSic warmogvidgina, rogorc Jerar de ner-valma (èpitafia~ – givi gegeWkoris Targmani), misi leqsebi gvagonebs fransua viionis ironiiT savse anderZebs marto-obis jvarze gakrulTaTvis.

terenti granelisTvis riTma ar yofila uSualo Sua-mavali sakuTri poeturi samyaros mkiTxvelamde misa-

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tanad, arc riTmis simboloTi daumaxsovrebia Tavi. Tumca misi leqsebisaTvis Tvalis midevneba erT Taviseburebas gamokveTs: poetis umravlesi zusti riTmebi simboloa imisa, rom mas samyaros farul harmoniasTan surda miaxloeba da riTma – anu aqcentirebuli sityva striqonis ama Tu im mi-mosaxrelSi, – poets am harmoniasTan kidec aaxloebda.

valerian gafrindaSvili, TiTqmis erTaderTi cisfer-yanweli, visac gansakuTrebul poetur da adamianur pativs miagebda terenti graneli, werilSi `riTma 1922 wels~, sa-dac igi riTmas `striqonis brwyinvale msajuls uwodebs~, da arc eseiSi `poetebi weris dros~ (1920 wlis 20 noemberi), ar saubrobs terenti granelis riTmaze. samagierod, riTmis meSveobiT gvixasiaTebs sxva yanwel poetebs.

grigol robaqiZe: mis win Caiqroleben fexSiSveli riT-mebi... man icis naxva ruxi riTmebisa, da maTi melanqolia, romelebic avtorTan erTad izmorebian. mis leqsebSi aris amayi da uqalwulesi riTmebi...

paolo iaSvili: dRe wers Tavis leqsebs, roca aduRebu-lia haeri. werisas iswrebs amxanagebs da mas ar sWirdeba mar-tooba imisaTvis, rom daweros `werili dedas~. lamazi riT-mebi mowyenili aqvs... riTmebs dadgma, Sefardeba sWirdebaT, (magaliTad, sonetSi) da yvelaze didi reJisori riTmisa aris - farSevangi paolo iaSvili. man Segnebulad Semoitana qarTul poeziaSi asonansi, da ara SemTxveviT.

tician tabiZe: me ar vici, rodis wers is Tavis leqsebs. la-mazi xeli aqvs da Zvirfas qaRaldze uyvars wera. misi riTma Jruantelis antraktia – rogorc kolombina, dadumebuli dedofli. ticianis nestiani riTmebi: sacodavi-sadave-aqam-di xmaurobs CemTvis, rogorc wvimiani dRe. `qaldeas qala-qebis~ avtors ar uyvars myvirala riTmebi – misi riTmebi intimuria.

axalgazrda poetebSi riTmas hyavs erTguli msaxuri da koleqcioneri - Salva karmeli – Tumca misi riTma xSirad usulo da meqanikuria.

kolau nadiraZis riTmas: qandirbazi-Zvirfasi – bevri poeti inatrebs, rogorc lamaz qals.

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aqamdis griSaSvili riTmis mefed iTvleboda, Tumca mis gvirgvinSi bevri nasesxebi margalitebi iyo. mis riTmebs sxvebi imeoreben, magram is, TviTon, riTmis avazakia. gri-SaSvils emarjveba klasikuri riTma da mas SeuZlia riTmebis leqsikoni Seadginos.

valerian gafrindaSvilis werilidan am vrceli amonari-dis moxmoba imdenad aris saintereso, ramdenadac igi po-etebs riTmiT zustad axasiaTebs.

vidre valerian gafrindaSvili damoukidebel, vrcel werils miuZRvnida terenti granels, 1919 wels, `kronosis sarkeSi~ `daisebis~ gamo, TviT graneli werda: `daisebi~ uni-kumia saqarTveloSi... is òreulebi~, òfeliebi~, àmarsi-falebi~, romelic ezmaneboda poets axal qveyanaSi~.

`sulidan saflavebis~ gamosvlisas, 1921 wels, valerian gafrindaSvili werilSi `terenti graneli. `sulidan safla-vebi~. leqsebi~, werda: `xSiria sayvedurebi, TiTqos poeti terenti graneli sxvis gavlenas ganicdis. amis damtkiceba SeiZleba mravali magaliTiT, magram wignSi aris mravali striqoni da mTeli leqsebi, sadac terenti gvevlineba Tavisi sakuTari saxiT. `sulidan saflavebi~ pirveli wignia axal-gazrda avtorisa da miT ufro sakvirvelia misi miRwevebi... yoveldRiurobaSi ironiiT waikiTxaven mis striqonebs... te-renti graneli ganwiruli bogemis Svilia... bogema misTvis si-namdvilea da ara poezia. iyvnen bogemis raindebi: rollina, rembo, viioni – isini ver moRuna bogemam – maTi leqsebi sav-sea ironiiTa da metaforebiT, magram aris verleni – bogemis mefe; terenti graneli nazia alber sameniviT da misi leqsebi icremlebian, rogorc infantas Tvalebi~.

amave werilSi valerian gafrindaSvili terenti granelis sam leqss gamoyofs ` me da gafiTreba~, `soneti dedinacvals~ da `saidumlo misalmeba Wleqian samreklos~. aqve gvacnobs krebulis axal riTmebs: Ramidan - piramida; wyarodan – mixar-oda; kioda – saiqiodan; Tovli – TrTolviT. aseve miuTiTebs àris saeWvo asonansebio~.

terenti granelis riTmebis geneziss misi krebulebis gamocemis kvalobaze ver davakvirdiT, magram xelT gvqonda

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ìnteleqtis~ mier `100 leqsis~ seriis meore tomi. romelic uSualod mosdevs galaktion tabiZis toms da arc esaa Sem-TxveviTi, radgan gasuli saukunis dasawyisSi provinciidan Camosulma, ubinao, usamsaxuro ymawvilma, romlsac imis pi-robebic ar hqonda, leqsi magidasTan ewera (ufro metic, erTgan asec wers: `sxva poeti ver dawers, leqss oTaxis ga-reSe~)! ramdenime weliwadSi Tavisi leqsebiT galaktions moa-wona Tavi da mxarSic amoudga. leqsis maestro gansakuTrebiT afasebda misi poeturi sulis xmianobas. `Zamiko terenti~, – ase mimarTavda. man yvelaze ukeT icoda terenti granelis poeziis misteria, misi versifikacia, misi riTmis melodiac.

terenti granelis `100 leqsis~ pirvlive leqsi `gazafxu-lis saRamo~ ortaepediTa da wyviladi riTmiTaa gawyobili. riTmaSi erTmaneTs xvdebian zedsarTavi da arsebiTi saxele-bi (mSvidi-Citi), saxelzmna da nacvalsaxeli (freniT-Seni); arsebiTi saxeli da zmna (sigrZe-vigrZen); aseve arsebiTi saxe-li arsebiTTanaa gariTmuli (are-mTvare). am krebulis kidev ramdenime leqsi (`***qarSi dakargva isev mwyuria~, `***ucxo saaTma fiqri moTova~, `saaxalwlo efemera~, da `vedreba~) gariTmvis am wess mihyveba. isic saintresoa, rom es krebuli iwyeba da mTavrdeba aseve ortaepediT dawerili leqsiT.

asonansebi terenti granelis leqsSi TvalsCinoa:

karavi-faraven:rom mxolod nisli iyos karavi,..

axla Sens maRal kubos faraven..

SexvdebiT asonansis saxeobas, aris TanxmovanTa monacv-leoba:

cameti-viwamebdi:dRes samia ivnisis, minda iyos cameti....

rom mdomoda sicocxle, sikvdils ar viwamebdi.

(“MEMENTO MORI”)

gvxvdeba TanxmovanTa gadasma – metaTezisi:

davamTavre-mTvares.

(„sadRac da viRac“).

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awvala-waval.

(„***TeTri dReebi Cems win qrebian“).

konsonansuri riTma, Tumca SedarebiT mcirea, magram mis leqss uxdeba es mkveTri gadaxveva riTmis sworxazovani dinebidan.

aRSfoTebis-foTlebis („zamTris moaxloeba“). avenTebi-planetebi (`poezia~)gangebis – kandeli ( `***Zveli fiqrebi isev dgebian~)nugeSi-silurjeSi ( `guSin cxeloda~)inTeba – gascildeba; moiars-roials.

(„***nela qrebian sulis landebi“)

gvxvdeba disonansebic: xelebs-mamarcxeben („uxmo saaTma fiqri moTova“).

oqrosferi-prospeqti („***qariSxals unda guli daseros“).aRsaniSnavia, rom terenti graneli tavtologiur riT-

mas ar swyalobs, da am krebulSic ver moviZieT misi nimuSi, samagierod, aris leqsebi, roca riTmis Tanacalad gamoyene-bulia sakuTari saxeli, gvari.

davkarge-akaki:TiTqos Zvirfasi rame davkarge, guli sustia da ufro mwiri,sacaa mova axla akaki, da roialic daiwyebs tirils.

(„gaTavda, morCa, miwaze vrCebi“).

xSirad-ira: isev geli da gigoneb xSirad, mogoneba, CemTvis mZime lodi, Semodgoma axlovdeba, ira,

Semodgoma sizmariviT modis.

(ìras~)

aseve, irasadmi miZRvnil sxva leqsSi, gvxvdebai riTma – Ziravs-ira:

guls cxovreba samareSi Ziravs,

menatrebi da sada xar ira?

(ìras~)

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suraTze-maisuraZe,

ra ixsnis poets, ase darCenils,

me dedis Tvali vnaxe suraTze,

aq saflavia, vwevar da Cems win,

marxia viRac maisuraZe.

(„***TeTri dReebi Cems win qrebian“).

sainteresoa mSobliur „TeTr sivrcze“ dawerili leqsis riTma: miaqvT viRacebs-walenjixaze. lado asaTianis Semdeg, SeiZleba iTqvas, iSviaTad Tu vinmes gautania Tavisi soflis saxeli riTmaSi da ase siyvaruliTa da sevdiT uweria „bavSvo-bis mogonebanze“:

mwvanea veli axlo mdebareda gzaze SeSa miaqvs viRacebs,qrian bavSvobis mogonebanida mimaqvs fiqri walenjixaze.

(„walenjixaze~)

terenti granelis riTmis musikalobas, misi identurobis garda, iwvevs mravalmarcvlianobac. riTmaTa umetesoba, metruli sqemis Sesabamisad, sammarcvliani, oTxmarcvliani da xuTmarcvlianicaa. magaliTad:

sarke-samarisaken – 2/4,(„mogzauroba Tbilisisaken“)

striqonebi-migonebdi – 4/4(„ar SemiZlia da me avad var“)..

daberda – gadasxvaferda – 3/5(`dabruneba cxovrebasTan~)

xelebi-auRelvebliv – 3/5 (`mwyuria Rame da mosveneba~)

mravalmarcvlianobis dros mosalodnelia riTmis xe-lovnuroba, naZaladevoba, enis kanonebis darRvevac, magram terenti granelis riTmebSi amgvari cdomileba ar gvxvdeba. terenti granelis leqsebisaTvis niSandoblivia Sedgenili riTmebi: vano sarajiSvilisadmi miZRvnil leqsSi Sedgenili riTma xuTmarcvliania:

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cremlebis garda-damgloviarda, 5/5

Rame ereva-wesierebas – 5/5

sada var- gadava – 3/3

(àxla Ramea, Tendeba~ )

saRamoa – aRar mova – 4/4

(`mogoneba qarSi~)

rogorc bade- davibade 4/4

(ìsev maRal cas veTayvanebi~)

var sruliad – danislulia – 4/5

(`***dao, ar vici risTvis mebrZvian~)

vici vin var-wamovwolilvar – 4/5

(`dabruneba~ )

ase gviani – adamiani – 5/5

( `***me es Secdoma isev mawvalebs~)

terenti granelis Sedgenili riTmebi or da samwevri-ania. leqsidan ùimedo dabruneba“ zusti riTmis Tanacalebi – soveli-mToveli – 3/3, dialeqtis nimuSad movitaneT. aseve sainteresoa leqsidan „***axlac vigoneb megobris saflavs“ semantikurad urTierTdaSorebul sityvaTa Sexvedra riT-maSi „iqac-skripka“, aq riTmis Tanacali barbarizmia. riTma ùdrood-myudroobs~ („***SemeZlo metis mocema“) Sekrulia azrobrivad da leqss msWvalavs sevda, rom udrood das-neulebul poetis sulSi sikvdilis macne siCume myudroobs.

terenti granelis riTmis maxasiaTebeli, sizustis gar-da, misi mravalmarcvlianoba da Sedgenilobaa.

terenti granelis poeziaSi iSviaTia SidariTmebi, mag-ram ara Caxruxaulisa da besikuris tipisa, aramed nebis-mieri, romelic gaielvebs mis boloriTmian leqsebSi da sistemuri ar aris. terenti graneli ar werda grZelsazomi-ani striqonebiT, Tumca es poets damatebiTi riTmisaken ar ubiZgebda:

me ar vicodi – me cas vucqeri:

amnairi Rimili uwin me ar vicodi...

axla me cas vucqeri, caze anTebulia...

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mTavari mainc riTmis vokalia da am mxriv, terenti grane-lis riTmebi daxvewilia, radgan misi moRvaweobis periodSi keTilxmovaneba leqsis aucilebeli maxasiaTebeli iyo.

Cven mxolod riTmis mxriv SevxedeT terenti granelis poezias, saintereso iqneba dakvirveba mis poetur saxeebze, leqsis kompoziciaze, Temebsa da motivebze. aseve mis ver-sifikaciul novaciebze, aseTi axloiTi dakvirvebani ufro metad gamoavlenen misi poeziis xiblsa da idumalebas, rasac Tan erTvis am `dardisperanga~, miusafari poetis pirovnuli umwikvloeba, moraluri siwminde da keTilSobileba. Tvi-Tonac xom wers:

Cumi landiviT davdivar,

perangad dardi macvia,

cxovreba Cveni scenaa.

sicocxle dekoracia.

„sicocxlis dekoraciisTvis“ werda leqsebs, magram ar iyo riTmis don-Juani, arc oinbazi Tu riTmis mooine, anu qandirbazi.

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marika jiqia

terenti granelis ena

rodesac terenti granelis leqsikas vakvirdebodi, xelT mqonda misi leqsebis sami krebuli: 1961 wlis rCeuli, eliz-bar ubilavas winasityviT, 1972 wlis lirika leri alimonakis bolosityviT (amave avtoris `kviris wirvebi~ magidaze medo) da 2005 wlis 100 leqsi Tamaz fifias winasityviT – sulis uc-nobi sidiade.

winamdebare werilSi magaliTebi 1961 wlis rCeulis mi-xedviT maqvs daZebnili (albaT siZvelis gamo da gameorebaTa Tavidan asacileblad mxolod gverds vuTiTeb.

ena eTnikuri kulturis yvelaze mdgradi, amasTanave saocrad moZravi da cvalebadi nawilia. swored amitomaa, rom eqstremalur pirobebSi sazo¬gadoebaSi momxdari cvli-lebani, sulieri da nivTieri kulturis siaxleni pirvelad enaSi aisaxeba. eTnosi da misi ena, amavdroulad, aramarto socialuri kategoriaa, aramed – erTgvarad biologiuric. ucxo leqsikuri elementebis moWarbeba enaSi jer kidev ver cvlis mis xasiaTs.

terenti graneli megrul garemoSi izrdeboda. amis gaT-valiswinebiT marTlac rom sanimuSoa misi sworupovari qarTuli rogorc leqsikuri erTeulebis relevanturobiT, aseve sufTa qarTuli sintaqsiT. Cveni azriT, mTel mis Semoq-medebaSi mxolod or SemTxvevaSi gamoJona megrulma sawyisma.

(1) leqsSi `cisferi siSore~ (25) aseTi strofia:

sulis mkrTali landebi Sens garSemo ivlian,

wvimiani wamova ricxvi autaneli. B

bedis kari, Zvirfaso, isev daketilia,

saocreba mogelis Sen terenti graneli.

bolo striqoniseuli winadadebis kvalobaze – saocreba mogelis Sen – Sen micemiT brunvaSia, misi dazustebac mice-miTSi unda idges – terenti granels. Tu winadadebas Sen-Tan davamTavrebT, terenti graneli mimarTvis funqciiT aR-

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moCndeba da igi saTanado brunvaSi – wodebiTSi – unda ga-formdes. maSin striqoni aseTi iqneba: saocreba mogelis Sen, terenti granelo da veRar gairiTmeba (au)tanelTan... Mmagram megrulSi ar gvaqvs wodebiTi brunva da mas saxelobiTi en-acvleba. vfiqrobT, aq swored es SemTxvevaa: nagulisxmevia wodebiTi, romelsac megrulis gamocdilebiT saxelobiTi enacvleba.

(2) usaTauro leqsis pirveli striqonia: ar vxedav Rrubels, ar vxedav nislebs (***,124);

axla ar vxedav, gmadlob , davrCebi (àrRani“, 201);

ar vxedav me Sens Tvalebs, arc xelebs (***, 86).

rom iyos ar vuyureb, an ar vumzer, an ar vucqer, maSin yurs ar moxvdeboda, magram, vxedav zmnis semantikidan gamom-dinare, ver vxedav Rrubels, ver vxedav nislebs ufro bune-brivia. vfiqrobT, esec megrulis gavleniT aris: megrulSi ar da ver ukuTqmiTi nawilakebis distribucia qarTuliseuls ar emTxveva.

Ppoeti xSirad afiqsirebs leqsis Txzvis Tu am `leqsad yofnis“ Tvesa da ricxvs:

rva ivnisia, cxela (***, 128);

dRes mxolod oTxi seqtemberia (***, 30);

rva seqtembris qariani dRea (ìras“, 102);

movSordi xmaurs, var didubeSi da dRes pirveli noemberia (***, 85);

Cvidmet noembris umzeo dRea (***, 39).

zogjer – Zveli qarTulis yaidazec – Tvis aRmniSvnel si-tyvas naTesaobiT brunvaSi svams:

dRes xom maisis ocdaSvidia (`poeti patimari“, 67);

dRes samia ivnisis, minda iyos cameti (`Memento mori“, 21).

amasTan dakavSirebiT SevniSnavT: swored XX saukunidan dakanonda qarTulSi faqtobrivad ulogiko manifestacia Tvis ricxvis raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxeliT gamoxatvisa: gana SeiZleba iyos ivnisi an seqtemberi rva an ocdaaTi? Dda

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Sesabamisad, terenti granelic xan sworad iyenebs genitiur konstruqcias (dRes samia ivnisis), xanac eqvemdebareba ara-marTlzomier, Tumca gabatonebul tendencias – dRes mxo-lod oTxi seqtemberia.

Epoeti axali sityvis mTxzveladac gvevlineba: yvavilebi afiruzdeba (239).

ramdenjerme Segvxvda cnobili rusuli romansis teq-stis fragmentis – Где-то вдали плачет рояль – perifrazi: roca siSoreze tiris roiali (190),

wuxs roiali baRis maxloblad(114),da gaismis gverdiT roialis kvnesa (133),ase rom tiris, roialia(254),

sacaa mova axla akaki da roiali daiwyebs tirils (254).

bgerweriT gatacebuliao, terenti granelze ver ityvi, Tumca TiTo-orola aliteraciuli striqoni Segvxvda:

wirvebiT wamiRebs wamebis mwvervali (`faruli vedreba~, 106).suli – sxeulis Cumi tusaRia (`Ramis mousvenroba~, 127). daiwyo Tova yviTel foTlebis (`sofeli mogonebaSi ~, 208).

terenti granelis leqsi an lirikuli monologia – Rame vakeSi, matareblidan, mogoneba qarSi, gazafxuli, mogoneba qarSi, Semodgoma,zamTris bareliefi, sadRac Sors, mono-logi udabnos yvavilebze, eqskursia cisken, Semodgoma mind-vrebSi, zamTris moaxloeba, locva mTvaresTan, xmebi oTaxi-dan, siSoreze, lodini bedis, mTawminda,zamTris aria, Ramis striqonebi, glexTa sasaxle, kviris SuadRe, mgloviare se-rafimebi, Semodgomis molodinSi, matareblidan quTaisi, mTvare cixidan, soflidan Tbilisi, misteria, axla Ramea, si-Cume da simartove, matareblidan, qali matarebelSi, sasaxlis baRi, Soreuli sinaTle, Cemi bedi, mkrTali silueti, kviris SuadRe, mTvare fanjarasTan, sasaflaosken, mTvare dRis sam saaTze, cixidan, uimedo dabruneba, suraTis win, qalaqidan. sofeli, isev siSoreze, zafxuli, mzis dabneleba, Rame glex-Ta saxlSi, Tbilisis gareT, maradisobis laJvardebi, mTvare da matarebeli, wvimiani dRe, Soreuli yvavilebi, dabruneba

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cxovrebasTan da sxv. da sxv. an miemarTeba nairgvar adresats – vano sarajiSvils, niko firosmaniSvils,general nobiles, quTaiss (aRsareba quTaiss), xes (mimarTva xisadmi), idumal Zvirfass da Sen – `Memento mori“, ganSorebis Semdeg, mogzau-roba Tbilisisaken, es dRe, Sens molodinSi, sofeli mogone-baSi; Sen, me, Marguerite, cisferi sinaTle, sadRac da viRac, fiqrebi waRverze, gemi, nisliani baRi, mogoneba Soreulze, uimedo sivrceebi, gazafxulis saRamo, Silentium, poeti patimari; debs – cisferi siSore, Zvirfas debs, SeSlili cremlebi, Semodgomis pastorali, mwuxare melodia, dila mTaze, daTovlili sanTeli, isev debs; RmerTs – sicocxlis gradacia, umizno xetiali, baraTi cisken, siSoris cecxli, rkalidan:kviris wirvebi, locva gafrenisaTvis, Rame oTaxSi, Ramis mousvenroba; mariam RvTismSobels – faruli vedreba da sxv.

tradiciul poetur leqsikaSi igulisxmeba SedarebiT ucvleli erToblioba emociuri, amaRlebuli, eqspresiu-li sityvebisa, romlebic mudmivad gamoiyeneba poeziaSi da romelTa semantikuri transformaciebis Taviseburebaa Tundac mniSvnelobis gafarToeba-daviwroeba. am tipis leq-sikis Semadgenlobis simyaris miuxedavad, droTa ganmavlo-baSi zogi erTeuli Zveldeba, cvdeba da pasiur leqsikaSi gadadis – CaeSveba enis istoriaSi. tradiciuli poeturi leq-sika mdidrdeba: zepirsityvierebidan (xalxSi gavrcelebu-li frazeologizmebi gvaqvs mxedvelobaSi) da nasesxobebiT. dResdReobiT tradiciuli poeturi leqsika gansakuTrebu-lad amaRlebulobis, sazeimoobis, lirikulobisa da isto-riulobis gamosaxatavad gamoiyeneba.

tradiciuli poeturi leqsika iyofa semantikur jgufe-bad. Eesenia: mcenareTa, frinvelTa (arwivi, gedi) da cxovel-Ta saxelebi (lomi, vefxvi), bunebis movlenebi (Weqa-quxili, wvima, Tovli), weliwadis droebi, Zvirfaseuloba, samkaulebi – oqro, margaliti...rac mTavaria, adamianis gamovlena sxva-dasxva parametriT – guli, mzera, sxeuli, bageebi, grZnobebi da gancdebi...

255

terenti granelis sasityveTidan sxvadasxva Sinaarsob-riv velSi gavaerTianeT sityvebi poetis saleqso qsovilidan.

mcenareTa samyaro: kviparosi – irgvliv kviparosia gar-da cisferi saxlis (misteria, 28), baRSi qaria isev da kvipa-rosis rxeva (***, 158); tyemali – da irgvliv surnelia ayvave-buli tyemlis (misteria, 28); vardi da ia – vardi, an ia, isev wertili (***, 82), da sevdis baRSi isev ayvavda iebi, vardi da mimozebi (nisliani baRi, 116), TeTri Suqi inTeba Cemi sulis da vardis (SeSlili cremlebi, 45), es vardia dafenili (siCu-me da simartove,98), da mikavia damWknari ia (***, 64); irgvliv eyara vardis konebi (***, 162), zamTris vardebi daimsxvreva baRis karebTan (locva mTvaresTan, 129), CemTvis sul erTia vardiT Tu ekliT viqne dafaruli (xmebi oTaxidan, 131); nuSi – CemTan axloa es erTi nuSi (***, 124); magnolia – isev axloa es magnolia (***, 30), akacia – dgas fanjarasTan es akacia (mTvare fanjarasTan, 211) da sxv.

frinvelebi: da mowyenili zis TuTiyuSi (36), da gaRma yivis ori mamali (76), is guli yoranma waiRo (34), rogorc yorani, gaCndeba xvalec Rame aseTi (58), da yornebma darekes babilonis napirTan...(203); maRla dafrinavs yvavi (62), dila aris, Zlivs mifrinavs yvavi (83), sanTlebiT misdeven yvavebi am aprils (106), axla es yvavi CemTan axloa, axla es yvavi ka-civiT dadis (138), suli gafrinda TeTri mtrediviT (87), da dafrinaven maRla mtredebi (105), isev cidan velodebi mer-cxals (248) da sxv.

bunebis movlenebidan – qari, qariSxali, grigali: qari ew-via yvavils (***, 62), gaCnda musikidan qari sinanulis (Silen-tium siCumis yvavilebi, 65), qarSi dakargva isev mwyuria (***, 69), me vatyob, qari ufro gamefda (***, 75), ukve gaTavda gu-guni qaris (***, 122), qarma Cems survils frTebi mostexa,…... is daikarga qarSi odesRac (mogoneba qarSi 144); Senc qariSxals danebdi(***, 38), vici, qariSxals ver davewevi (***, 41), qariSx-als unda guli daseros (***, 49), da qariSxali myavda mxle-beli(***, 55); Cemi iRbali grigals dahqonda (*** 55), frTebi aiSva grigalma (81), grigals mivsdev (83), da grigalebi miwas uvlian (95), isev grigali modis SeteviT (97), dao, vgrZnob

256

grigalis Zaxils (111), dao, Sen ukve grigals Cabardi (213) da sxv.

weliwadis droebi: Cumad movida zafxuli (cisferi si-naTle 34), qveyanas Rame faravs sruliad, qris TeTri fifqi da zafxulia (zafxuli 194); Semodgomas sixaruli moaqvs... da waiRebs Semodgomis qari ufskrulisken garindebul foT-lebs (Semodgomis molodinSi 248), es dRe, romelic gavs Se-modgomas (es dRe 108), movida uceb da midis nela es Semodgo-ma, rogorc sizmari (Semodgoma mindvrebSi 119), Semodgomis surneleba dadga (Semodgoma 159); lurji sizmariviT mova gazafxuli (gazafxuli 242), gazafxulis saRamoa mSvidi (ga-zafxulis saRamo 61), foTlebi gaCndnen, gazafxulia (247), zamTari sicocxles marTmevs (zamTris bareliefi 148), modis zamTari, Tovli da yinva, Tovlis da yinvis cisferi wveTi (zamTris moaxloeba 142) da sxv.

adamianis faqtoris gamovlenaa: zeca mwyuria da miwa mSia (29), me sicocxleze vdardob (36) da sxv.

tradiciuli poeturi leqsikis sakiTxebidan gvinda ga-movyoT feris konceptualizaciis sakiTxi.

samyaros ferebSi aRqma adamianuri xedvis ganuyofeli Taviseburebaa, romlis mixedviTac SeiZleba vimsjeloT in-dividis aramarto fsiqikursa da inteleqtualur Tvise-bebze, aramed zogadad mis `feriT xedvaze~.F feriTi Segr-Znebebis konceptualizacia da simboluroba kulturis mniSvnelovan Semadgenels warmoqmnis ferweraSi, poeziaSi, religiasa da enaSi. ama Tu im eris ferTa fiqsaciis unars eT-nofsiqologebi da eTnolingvistebi ikvleven maTi (ferebis) dasaxelebis gziT. kognitologiis aRmocenebisa da ganvi-Tarebis kvalobaze am movleniT kognitologebic dainteres-dnen. isini fsiqolingvisturi cdebiT aRadgenen ferTa pro-totipul (primitiul) xedvas da koncentrirebulni arian ferTa dasaxelebebis lingvistur aRweraze. kognitologebi gansxvavdebian feriTi sivrcis samecniero kuTxiT warmomad-genelTagan, romelTac feris terminTa nebismieri sistemis Sesabamisi, semantikuri struqturis kanonzomierebaTa am-saxveli universaliebi warmoaCines. saerToqarTvelur do-

257

neze rekonstruirebulia bazisur ferTa ori kategoria, erTi mxriv, naTeli da Tbili (TeTris, wiTlisa da yviTlis gaerTianebiT), meore mxriv, muqi da grili (Savis, mwvanisa da lurjis erTobliobiT). qarTuli enis feris terminTa sin-qroniuli kvlevis Sedegad gamovlenilia Semdegi bazisuri terminebi: TeTri, Savi, wiTeli, yviTeli, mwvane, lurji, ya-visferi (soselia 2009: 5,115,137).

aranakleb sainteresoa ferTa kategorizaciisadmi arse-buli sxva midgomac: ferTa dasaxelebebi Seiswavleba meo-radi enobrivi nominaciisas. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs feris aRm-niSvnel terminTa derivatebi frazeologiur erTeulebSi, idiomebSi, myar SesityvebebSi, andazebSi... am saxeobis kvle-vis dros dgindeba erTgvari ferTa kavSirebi da urTierTo-bebi da ikveTeba feris metafora. es, faqtobrivad, semanti-kuri da kognitiuri analizis SeTavsebaa.

romeli ferebia terenti granelis SemoqmedebaSi?amTaviTve unda iTqvas erTi ram: terenti granelis

leqsebSi 150-jer Segvxvda feris aRmniSvneli sityva. aRv-nusxeT, ra ferebis momcvelia misi poeturi da prozauli teqstebi. davadgineT, romel obieqts aqvs miniWebuli esa Tu is (dominanturi Tu nakleb gavrcelebuli) feri, realuria es Seferiloba Tu –mxolod warmosaxviTi, obieqti yovelT-vis am feriT Cndeba Tu –sxva feriTac da sxv. ase, magaliTad, te-renti granelis leqsebSi gvxvdeba lurji zRva, lurji ca da lurji Tvalebi, erTi mxriv, rac realuri maxasiaTeblebia, da lurji sizmari, lurji sinaze, lurji mxare, meore mxriv, romlis drosac metaforuli koncentracia ferze gadadis.

TeTri:TeTri maradisoba (21), TeTri cremli (42,59), TeTri Suqi

(45), TeTri TovliviT (50,114), TeTri kubo(56), TeTria fiqr-Ta krebuli (59), TeTri xalaTi (64), TeTri yvavili (66), TeT-ri saaTi(67), TeTri dReebi (72,207), TeTri imedi (73), TeTri siCume (76,112), TeTri mtredi (87), TeTri Ramea, (90,185), Te-Tri mTvare (95), TeTri mdumareba...TeTri Tavani... (98), TeTri qalwuli... (111), TeTri baRis (116), TeTri locvebi (116,125), dReebis TeTri krebuli (120), TeTri kareta(129), TeTri mind-

258

vrebi (130), TeTri Tvali (133), TeTri xelebi (139, 220), TeTri navebi (95,462), TeTri fiqrebi (172), TeTri Ramea (185), qris TeTri fiqri (198, 219 194), TeTria sivrce (218), TeTri fiqre-bis rkali(222), TeTri zamTari (227), TeTri gedebi (228), mT-vare – cis TeTri sayure (238), TeTri varskvlavi (239), TeTri SuadRe (241).

Sebrunebuli wyoba: siCume TeTri (155).TeTri da Savi:qrian fiqrebi TeTri da Savi (33), Savi fiqrebi, TeTri saa-

Ti (67), Tovli TeTria da miwa Savi (226).Savi:Savi samare (21), da napralebTan wevs Savi Rame (84), Savi

yorani (25,165), Savi sivrcea (63), gaqra warsulis Savi xazebi (132), Savi niRabi (169), Savi landebi (209), Ramis Savi xveuli (230) da sxv.

Sebrunebuli wyoba: Ramea Savi (76), Rrublebi Savi (83) da sxv.cisferi: cisferi Ramea (21, 60,158), cisferi siSore (25, 124), cis-

feri saxli (28), cisferi ocneba (32, 174), cisferi sinaTle (34), cisferi yvavili (40), cisfer qveyanas (62), cisferi Suqi (87), cisferi moCveneba (98), cisferi imedi (111), dilis cisferi baRi (117), aris cisferi Tovli (125), yinvis cisferi wveTi (142), mkvdari dReebis cisferi xazi (155), tyvea cisferi Ramis (158), cisferi mxare (182,211), cisferi matarebeli (193), cis-fer parikebs (202), cisferi suli ( 215),cisferi landi(109), cisferi wami zmanebis (212), cisfer sivrces (215) da sxv.

Sebrunebuli wyoba: laJvardebi cisferi (21), mTaze kvamlia cisferi (81), saR-

amo xom cisferia (170) wiTeli: wiTeli mze (23), wiTel vardiviT (58), wiTeli Tevzi,... wi-

Teli yvavilebi (209), wiTel narmaze (79). Sebrunebuli wyoba: daisruli droSa wiTeli,... saukune wiTelia (19)

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lurji: sevdis lurji odebiT (45), galaktionSi lurji feria (31),

lurji Tvalebi (139, 193), lurji Rrubeli (144), lurji siz-mari (155,242), rogorc lurji sinaze daikivlebs vardebSi (157), es Cemi fiqris lurji mxarea (179), lurji zRvasaviT (234), lurji garozi (239), da irgvliv baRis lurji sivrcea (222).

Sebrunebuli wyoba: ca Cndeba lurjad (94), ca sarkesaviT lurji (123). yviTeli: daiwyo Tova yviTel foTlebis (208), vxedav sikvdilis yvi-

Tel mantias (87), yviTeli Rrublebi.... mze daimala yviTeli feriT... (144), yviTeli foToliviT (241) da sxv.

Sebrunebuli wyoba: Semodgoma yviTeli (180). ruxi:Cumad gewvia saocrebis ruxi xazebi(79); Sebrunebuli wyoba: Cans dedamiwa ruxi (184). mkrTali: mkrTali nabiji (23), mkrTali landebi (239); Sebrunebuli wyoba: mTvare mkrTalia (25, 32), saRamo mkrTali (160). `feri~ sityvis Semcveli Txzuli saxelebi:miwisferi umzeo dRea (138), vardisferi ocneba (202); Sebrunebuli wyoba:dReebi sevdisferia (30), dRe oqrosferi (49), dila

mtredisferi (127). ferwasuli dRe (25), ferwasuli mTvaris naTeba (152).

Sebrunebuli wyoba: farnebi ...ferwasuli (190). TiTojer Segvxvda: bneli oTaxi (125), mwvane moli da veli (21), laJvardovani

ca (193), Wleqian ferebiT (106), naTeli dReebi (242) da sxv.terenti graneli ama Tu im mxatvrul xerxs saocari osta-

tobiT CarTavs xolme leqsSi:

260

da Cemi suli amarTuli, viT eSafoti (`sulis cecxli~, 20).

fiqrTan ase verTobi,

fiqri aris galia.

Ramis sivrcem wveTobiT

Cemi sisxli dalia (ùimedo sivrceebi~, 56).

Rame vnebiT SeSlili

yelze gadamexvia (`SeSlili cremlebi~, 45).

gaCnda musikidan qari sinanulis (`Silentium~, 65).

modis gaTeneba, rogorc baldaxini (`Silentium~, 65).

ucxo saaTma fiqri moTova (*** 86).

misi leqsebi xan sulis SemZvreli, foriaqa xatebiT aris mooWvili,xan sruli relaqsaciis Semcvelia. gansakuTrebu-li eqspresiiT datvirTuli mravali leqsidan erTs mo-viyvanT terenti granelis ideur-mxatvruli azrovnebis sailustraciod:

faruli vedreba (106)

sevdian sarkeSi da ucxo Ramidan,

sanTlebiT misdeven yvavebi am aprils.

poets garindebuls rogorc piramida,

zarebis tirilSi grigali gamafrens.

gumbaTebs akivlebs xatebis anTeba,

haerSi irxeva frTebi angelozebis.

samreklos wuxili rom gaifanteba,

taZarSi Sevdivar mwuxare locvebiT.

Cems codvil savanes qaosi edeba,

TiTqos var sizmarSi da irgvliv qvebia;

Wleqian ferebiT baRebi inTeba,

Cems viwro oTaxSi wamebi qrebian.

jvarebTan gaivlis faruli vedreba,

wirvebiT wamiRebs wamebis mwvervali,

261

vardisfer sarkeSi survili berdeba,


me Cumi mivyvebi landebis aseuls,

Rame udabnoa, vneba koSmaria.

quCaSi mcxovrebs da da saxlidan gaqceuls,

Seminde, Seminde, wmindao mariam!...

Mmxatvruli xerxebis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT am leqsSi daunjebulia moulodneli epiTetebi (sevdiani sarke, ucxo Rame, mwuxare samreklo, Wleqiani ferebi, daberebuli sur-vili……...), MOQNmoqnili Sedareba (piramidasaviT garindebuli po-eti), mistikuri gapirovnebebi (sanTlebiT misdeven yvavebi aprils, zarebis tirili, gumbaTebi kivian xatebis anTebi-sas…)...romeli erTi CamovTvalo...

da amavdroulad, standartuli leqsis Stampis aratri-vialuroba aris terenti granelis lirikis umTavresi maxa-siaTebeli, is jado, is Tilisma, riTac, misi sada striqonebi samudamod itvifreba sulSi:

gazafxulis saRamoa mSvidi,

xidan xeze gadafrinda Citi.

(`gazafxulis saRamo~, 61)

an daeSva farda, dabnelda scena,

Tvalebi mainc Sen gicqerian.

vano! asrulda Seni simRera:

`Tavo Cemo, bedi ar giweria“...

(`vano sarajiSvils~, 52)

aAn sadRac zRvebi Relaven,

sadRac mxolod nislia.

daviRale, Senamde

mosvla ar SemiZlia.

(***,53)

an Mmoqalaqeni nela midian,

irgvliv dumili da simSvidea.

(***, 69)

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Aan Uumzeo dRea,

Aaravin ar myavs.

ezoSi vdgevar

da vusmen arRans.

(àrRani~, 201)

an sinaTle gaqra

da ismis xmebi.

Mmovedi, magram

Aaq damxvdnen sxvebi.

(***, 77)

– aranairi poeturi xerxi ar aris gamoyenebuli da, amis miuxedavad, SemoTavazebuli emociiT imsWvalebi da sru-lad xdebi poetis Txrobis Tanaziari...

damoemebani:

alimonaki 1988: alimonaki l. kviris wirvebi. Tbilisi: „nakaduli“,

1988.

graneli 1961: graneli t. rCeuli. elizbar ubilavas winasityviT.

Tbilisi: „sabWoTa saqarTvelo“, 1961.

graneli 1972: graneli t. lirika. leri alimonakis bolosityviT.

Tbilisi: „sabWoTa saqarTvelo“, 1972.

graneli 2005: graneli t. 100 leqsi. Tamaz fifias winasityviT (sulis

ucnobi sidiade). Tbilisi: „inteleqti“, 2005.

soselia 2009: soselia e. semantikuri universaliebi da qarTveluri

enebi: ferTa kategorizaciis modelebi. Tbilisi: „nekeri“, 2009.

263

* * *

nunu balavaZe

terenti granelis erTi leqsis metrika da semantika

(`Sens gaqcevas~)

terenti granelis saxelTan XX saukunis dasawyisis Zalian mcire periodi asocirdeba. monakveTi, romelic did sevdas itevs. es `msoflio sevda~ usazRvroa imdenad, rom erTgvari gzaa kaTarzisisa, romelsac, Tavisdauneburad, uerTdeba mkiTxveli. igi poetis Semoqmedebis aseT musikas icnobs:

axla ufro xSiria Secdomebis daSveba,

axla modis ivnisi, irgvliv mwvane molia,

Cemi wminda saxeli poezias darCeba

Cemi guli da sisxli es `Memento mori~-a.

(graneli 2005: 3)

anda: es iyo dardi, sulis daRalva

da sisxliani bedi qristesi,

codvil dasaviT migaCnda albaT

siCume TeTri da uwmindesi.

(graneli 2005: 60)

arsebobis tragikul gancdas momavlis irealuri yofiT gamowveuli imedi uerTdeba, irealuri ki amqveyniuris da-tovebiT unda ganxorcieldes, rac realizdeba frazaSi `Memento Mori~ (`gaxsovdes sikvdili~) `sisxliani bediT~ gamowveul sulier qariSxlebs, sxva, idealur mxareSi gadan-acvlebas, sadac poezia mTeli Tavisi arsiT SeigrZnoba, poe-ti mxolod leqsebSi amzeurebs da am `SeuZlebelis~ miRwevas siCumiT cdilobs. siCume ki imdenad dums, rom iwvevs xmaurs, romelic maradiulad eswrafvis simSvides. amdenad, terenti granelis leqsebi lirikuli gmiris cxovrebis anareklia. Ti-

264

Toeuli fraza miniSnebaa droisa (rac iyo, aris da moxdeba) terenti granelis `nacnob~ (igulisxmeba leqsis ritmi) po-eziaSi yuradRebas iqcevs erTi leqsi saTauriT `Sens gaqce-vas~, romelic ar aris graneliseuli sazomiT dawerili. erTi SexedviT, avtori peizaJiT gamowveul STabeWdilebas sTava-zobs mkiTxvels:

6 7

`Zvel baRebs daecnen / qarebi yaCaRiviT – 13

4 3

da aikles / foTlebi, – 7

5 4 5

Tavze damstiris / beberi mzis / mwuxare sxivi, – 14

5 3

o, locviT melis / bodvebi. – 8

5 4 5

Sens Zvirfas saxels / am tirilSi / me ar vexebi – 14

2 4 3

da var / kainiviT / gmobili, – 9

5 4 5

ZaRlebma igrZnes / mamaCemis / koWli fexebi – 14

4 5

akldamebSi / Zirs Cawyobili. – 9

5 4 5

vocnebob Senze, / rogorc bavSvi / SiSiT daRlili – 14

5 5

Tan mdumarebac / mizidavs tyeSi, – 10

5 4 5

o, es saRamo / Cems naz sulSi / rCeba daRiviT, – 14

5 5

magram viqnebi / mainc safrTxeSi~. – 10

leqsSi ramdenime Strixia gamosayofi: pirveli – sxva sa-zomiT aris dawerili, heterosilaburia (araTanabarmarcv-liani), rac granelis leqsebisaTvis, faqtobrivad, ucxoa. meore – semantikurad ityuebs mkiTxvels. vaxseneT, rom `peizaJiT~ iwyeba – `Zvel baRebs daecnen qarebi yaCaRiviT da

265

aikles foTlebi,” magram vxvdebiT, rom pirvel-or striqon-Sia mxolod moqceuli bunebis suraTi, xolo III strqonidan poets tradiciuli ganwyoba Semoaqvs: `Tavze damstiris beberi mzis mwuxare sxivi~ – peizaJs uerTdeba sevda da II striqonidan yvelaferi Cveul sevdian ganwyobas ubrundeba. marcvalTa raodenoba yovel striqonSi matulobs, an iklebs: I – 13, II – 7, III – 14, IV – 8, V – 14, VI – 4, VII – 14, VIII – 9, IX – 14, X – 10, XI – 14, XII – 10.

kritikaSi aRniSnulia, rom terenti granelis poezia `tragediad daRvrili simofniaa... igi glovis sanoto xaze-bze werda am melodias, romlis Semadgeneli instrumentebia: Rame, martooba, idumaleba, siCume, baRi~ (literaturuli Ziebani 2013: 68). aRniSnul leqsSi, upirvelesad, yuradReba unda gavamaxviloT mxatvrul saxeebze – leqsis gansxvavebu-lobis miuxedavad SenarCunebulia Tu ara gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi, romlebic poets axasiaTebs. Rame, martooba, idumaleba, siCume, baRi leqsSi marTlac dominirebs, oRond ukve uaryofiTad transformirdeba lirikuli gmiris cno-bierebaSi.

aq baRi aRar aris mSvidi navTsayudeli, romelic ùnazes siCumesTan~ erTad idilias sTavazobs poetis arsebas, igi `yaCaRi qarebis~ mier gaCanagebuli da gaveranebulia. baRis (am wuTisoflis simbolod SeiZleba CaiTvalos) manaTobeli mzec arssmoklebulia, mwuxarea, dakarguli aqvs Tavisi Za-la. warsulidan – `Zvel baRebs daecnen qarebi yaCaRiviT~ gadavdivarT awmyoSi – `Tavze damstiris beberi mzis mwux-are sxivi~, Semdeg ki momavalSi ò, locviT melis bodvebi~. es momavali statikur awmyoSi trialebs – locvac aRar aris mwyobri Tavisi klasikuri gagebiT, masSi ar SeiniSneba Txov-na-vedreba; sakuTar Tavs kaens adarebs poeti – igi codvil-ia, amitom ver axsenebs uzenaesis `Zvirfas saxels~. irgvliv mwuxareba gamefebula – RmerTi aRar sufevs. epoqam moitana sulis dacema. adamianSi mokluli RmerTi TviT borotmac ki SeniSna – `ZaRlebmac igrZnes mamaCemis koWli fexebi ak-ldamebSi Zirs Cawyobili~, ZaRlebis saxeSi simbolizebuli boroti Zalac ukve grZnobs `grZeli, Zveli `dRis~ sikvdils.

266

amitomac emuqreba safrTxe adamians. `safrTxe~ sulis gadag-varebis saSiSroebaa am saukuneSi moralur-eTikuri Tu poli-tikuri Zvrebis fonze.

yuadRebas iqcevs is, rom leqsi Sesulia 1921 wels gamoce-mul krebulSi ̀ samgloviaro xazebi~, daweris dro – 1921 weli, rac teqstis istoriul konteqstSi ganxilvis safuZvelsac iZleva – qarebis `yaCaRiviT~ Semosvla da baRebis darbeva im sisxliani epoqis miniSnebadac SeiZleba aRviqvaT, romel-mac imdroindeli saqarTvelos gardaqareba da sisxlian re-JimSi moqceva SeZlo. amitomac aris leqsis gmiri moralurad travmirebuli, aRar icis, sad eZebos xsna. is dro gabatoneb-ula, roca sikvdilis xsovna, yoveldRiuri mzaoba ufalTan Sexvedrisa, ukana planze iwevs, vinaidan nadgurdeba samyaro da godebis meti aRaraferi darCenia adamians.

es striqonebi terenti granelis realuri cxovrebis gamoZaxiladac SeiZleba miviCnioT – poetis mama koWli iyo da igi masze saubrobs, anda kavSiri fridrix nicSes ideolo-giasTan `RmerTi mokvda~, romelic mamis saxesxvaobad iqca granelis poeziaSi.

sagulisxmoa, rom terenti graneli galaktionSi Tavis `saTayvanebel metrs xedavda~ (z. abzianize), amitom bunebriv-ia, Tu leqss `Sens gaqcevas~ galaktion tabiZis poeziasTan mimarTebaSic ganvixilavT, kerZod, `lurja cxenebTan~.

literaturis interpretaciaSi galaktion tabiZis `lur-ja cxenebis~ Semdegnair gaazrebas vxedavT: `lurja cxene-bis~ Camavali mze warmoadgens sulier dacemas kacobriobi-sa. lurja cxenebiT daiZlia usaxuri realoba, gadainacvla trancendenturSi, sadac kvlav `ConCxiani tyeebi~ daxvda. es samyaro ki materialuris niSnebs atarebs, rac gamoxatu-lia ùsuldgmulo dReebis~ srbolaSi. `lurja cxenebi sim-bolur wrebrunvaSi arian Cabmulni, kargaven zeaRmswraf mimarTulebas, arcerTi samyaro aRar emorCileba uflis nebas, eqvemdebareba borot Zalas, amitom trialeben lurja cxenebi wreze~ (bela wifuria)

terenti granelis leqss Tu am TvaliT wavikiTxavT, vna-xavT, rom: literaturuli gmiri (granelis leqsSi) mimarTvis

267

obieqts eubneba, rom igi bavSvia `SiSiT daRlili~, romelsac masze ocnebaRa SeuZlia, sxva araferi darCenia. sainteresoa Semdegi striqonebi:

vocnebob Senze, rogorc bavSvi SiSiT daRlili,

Tan mdumarebac mizidavs tyeSi.

– aq ukve ocneba da mdumareba poetisTvis erTdroulad ukve SeuZlebelia. manamde (sxva leqsebSi) Tu es xorcielde-boda, roca ambobda: àxla minda, am mzeSi imedebi gaxSirdes~, axla ukve, misi TqmiT, an unda iocnebos masze, an safrTxis momaswavebel mdumrebas misces Tavi...

o, es saRamo Cems naz sulSi rCeba daRiviT

magram viqnebi mainc safrTxeSi.

– anu ocnebisa da idumalebis harmonia irRveva. miuxe-davad drois samive fenomenis (warsuli, awmyo, momavali) arsebobisa, leqsSi dro mainc awmyod moiazreba da vxedavT safrTxis Semcvel wreze trials, romlisgan Tavis daRwevis gza ar Cans da amas erTgvarad egueba poeti, ar cdilobs iqi-dan daxsnas, gaqcevas, `maradiul bavSvad rCeba~, romelsac ar SeuZlia lurja cxenebis sadave Caibaros da naoxari samya-rodan gaclas ecados. Tavadac ambobs sxvagan:

vici, qariSxals ver davewevi,

vici, davrCebi bolomde bavSvi.

galaktionma, lurja cxenebis meSveobiT, dantes msgav-sad, ixila irealuri, `samudamo mxare~, Tundac SemaZrwune-beli, terenti granelis ocneba: ̀ ara sicocxle, ara sikvdili, aramed raRac sxva~ ocnebad rCeba, radgan aq fsiqologiuri mzaoba, realuri jojoxeTidan samudamo mxaris kvlav jo-joxeTad xilvisa, jer ar Cans.

leqsSi terenti graneliseuli baRi gaZarcvuli da gav-eranebulia, locva – uazro, bodvaSi gadazrdili, akldamebi aRar aris saocnebo sikvdilis mimaniSnebeli. bavSvad darCe-nil gancdas Zrwola Sehparvia da tyeSi mdumarebis saZebrad

268

wasvlis survili matulobs, idumali saRamo axla ukve sa-SiSroebiT daRdasmulia. saZebrad wasvlis survili poten-ciur mgzavrad aqcevs poets, magram, galaktion tabiZisgan gansxvavebiT, ar gaaCnia mgzavrobis, am realobisgan Tavis daRwevis saSualeba (lurja cxenebis msgavsi), amitom survi-li survilad rCeba. yvelaferi Tavis saxels kargavs da erT wreze trialebs – SeZrwunebidan – SeZrwunebamde.

sagulisxmoa leqsis saTauric `Sens gaqcevas~. adresati gaurkvevelia. ar viciT, vin aris `Sen~ – sakuTari Tavi, Tu sulSi aRar arsebuli, aRmofxvrili naTeli wertili, gan-devnili ufali, romelsac Tvals veRar usworebs adamianis Zec da mimarTavs: `Sens Zvirfas saxels am tirilSi me ar vexebi~.

saTauri neoplatonuri ideis transformaciaa. katafa-tikur-apofatikuri atribuciiT – roca sagnebs simboluri, arapirdapiri mniSvneloba eniWeba. negatiuri Teologia iwevs wina planze. ìs, rac sityviT ar gamoiTqmis, rasac Tvalebi ar xedavs...~ (r. TvaraZe). aqedan gamomdinare, amitomac erideba terenti graneli mimarTvis obieqtis dakonkretebas. `Sen~ gardaisaxeba `beberi mzis mwuxare sxivad~...

leqsis amgvari semantikidan gamomdinare, misi araTana-barmarcvlianoba aRar gvakvirvebs. heterosilaburoba su-lieri tkivilebisgan gatanjuli adamianis borgvas hgavs kedlebs rom awydeba, saTqmelsac nawyvet-nawyvet ambobs – sxvadasxva sazomiT. KagreTve, kargad Cans bolo oTxi stri-qonis mimarTeba cisferyanwelebTan, kerZod paolo iaSvilis `darianuli~ ciklis leqsebidan: ̀ Zaxili~. TiTqos gaugebels, mTlianobaSi ki, ganuzomlad didsa da amaforiaqebels xdis. mas did tkivils ayenebs sakuTari Tavis tragikul samyaros nawilad moazreba, amitom kargavs granelis poeziis `sam-gloviaro xazebis~ niSandoblivi atributebi – baRi, mama, locva, sasaflao, bavSvi, mdumareba, saRamo – Tavis daniS-nulebas da arafrismTqmel, unugeSo saburvelSi exveva. jvaredini riTmac uneburad, SemTxveviT ar unda iyos Senar-Cunebuli. terenti granelis leqsebSi is jvris simbolod SeiZleba CaiTvalos – leqsebze yoveldRiurad elursmeba, rogorc jvarze. aRniSnul leqsSic jvaredini riTma xel-

269

Seuxebelia heterosilabizmis miuxedavad. poetis leqsebSi warmodgenili sagnebi, – yoveldRiuri vnebis da kvlav aR-dgomis simboloebi, `Sens gaqcevaSi~ azrsmoklebulia.

Sesabamisad, terenti granelis poeziaSi leqsi `Sens gaq-cevas~ `rwmenis dekadansad~ SeiZleba CaiTvalos, roca go-nismier arsebas aRar axsovs `Memento mori~, rac uflis sa-mu-damod dakargvis mimaniSnebelia.

damowmebani:

alimonaki 1988: alimonaki l. `kviris wirvebi“. meore gamocema. Tbili-

si: 1988.

graneli 2011: graneli t. erTtomeuli. Tbilisi: `qarTuli sityviere-

ba“, 2011.

graneli 2012: graneli t. poezia. t. I. Tbilisi: `palitra“, 2012.

TvaraZe 1985: TvaraZe r. `TxuTmetsaukunovani mTlianoba~. qarTuli

mwerloba. Tbilisi: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1985.

wifuria: wifuria b. `lurja cxenebis gaazrebisaTvis~, http/www.burusi.wordpress.com

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Llana grZeliSvili

terenti granelis `saRamo~ da `Rame~

XX saukunis qarTul mwerlobaSi gamorCeuli adgili ukavia terenti granelis Semoqmedebas. misi poezia xasiaT-deba emociurobiT, mxatvruli saxeebis uCveulobiTa da mo-ulodnelobiT, musikalurobiTa da riTmaTa keTilxmovane-biT. aq Sesabamisi Sinaarsi Sesabamisi formiTaa gadmocemuli, rac gansakuTrebul harmoniulobas aniWebs poezias. avtori sakuTar Tavs samyaros usasrulobis nawilad miiCnevs da mudmivad moZraobs dResa da Rames, sinaTlesa da sibneles Soris, samyaros cvalebadobasTan erTad, icvleba da mis mravalferovnebas iziarebs.

granelis poezia gamoirCeva dRisa da Ramis dapirispi-rebiT. TiTqos, drois am ori monakveTis cvalebadoba gan-sazRvravs adamianis xasiaTis, emociisa da moqmedebaTa gan-sxvavebulobas.

poetis mier asaxuli Rame aqtiuria, Tavisufalia fiqrisa da warsulis mogonebebisTvis. TiTqos, Cumia, mSvidi, magram metad daZabuli da mzadaa sulieri metamorfozebisTvis. swored Ramea vedrebis, locvis, sakuTar TavTan da RmerT-Tan marto darCenis dro. rac xSir SemTxvevaSi autaneli-caa da avtori cdilobs, gaeqces kidec mas, mis siSavesa da saSinelebas:

midis ferwasuli dRe, Rame miaxlovdeba,Rame miaxlovdeba, Savi da saSineli.

(cisferi siSore, graneli 1990: 8)

rogorc lurji parikebs, Rame fiqrebs arigebs da yornebma darekes babilonis napirTan.gadavyevi am mizans da vedrebas Ramisas,o, ufali damicavs kvireebis kecaze.

(`monologi udabnos yvavilebze~, graneli 1990: 13)

leqsSi ùimedo dabruneba~ terenti Rames sulis samares uwodebs da gaTenebas sixaruliT elodeba:

271

gaivlis Rame – samare sulis,

o, mixaria es gaTeneba.

da gaval mzeze me moqanculi,

rogorc sizmari da moCveneba.

(ùimedo dabruneba~, graneli 1990: 10)

granelis Rame napralovania, ufskruliviT saSiSi, su-lisaTvis gausaZlisi, sadac avtoris gonis aqtiurobis miuxedavad, sibneles da gulgrilobas dausadgurebia. miuxe-davad imisa, rom Rames mTeli oTaxi moucavs, poeti sakuTar TvalebSi Camdgar sibneles ganicdis da saiqiodan momdina-re kvamls Seicnobs, esmis sizmarSi motirali qalis xma, da SeiZleba iTqvas, rom, jojoxeTs grZnobs. aqve sainteresoa lurji feris simbolikac, rac TavisTavad melanqolias, SiSs, sikvdils, mistikurobas ganasaxierebs. aRniSnuli feri aqtiuria galaktionis poeziaSi. masTan „lurji feris sa-xismetyveleba ambivalentur, dualistur, ormag Tvisebas avlens: erTi mxriv, igi moicavs saRmrTo transcendenturi sinamdvilis, paradizuli sivrcis semiotikas, meore mxriv, galaktionis poetur teqstebSi lurji feris saxismetyvele-ba moicavs sikvdilis, araras, apokalifsuri Jamis, egzisten-cialuri miusafrobisa da SiSis semantikasac~ (bregaZe 2010: 131). swored melanqoliisa da SiSis gamomxatvelia lurji feri leqsSi „Rame TvalebSi~:

mitovebuli baRi kioda,

dahqroda lurji surneli kviris.

kvamlia msxverplis saiqiodan

da sadRac qali sizmarSi tiris.

suli ver uZlebs Ramis napralebs,o, sibnelea da gulgriloba.krulva Cems oTaxs, krulva Cems Tvalebs,Tvalebs, romelTac swvavT uZiloba.

(`Rame TvalebSi~, graneli 1990: 14)

qaosiT mocul poetis codvil savanes avtori udabnos adarebs, realobas sizmrad warmoidgens, saxlidan garbis

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axal saxlSi – quCaSi, farul vedrebas mimarTavs da Sendobas iTxovs RvTismSoblisgan:

quCaSi mcxovrebs da saxlidan gaqceuls,

Seminde, Seminde, wmindao mariam!...

(`faruli vedreba~, graneli 1990: 19)

„CemTvis martooden udabnoa Cemi qveyana~, – wers galaktionic da swored udabnos miiCnevs sayrdenad samSobloSi:

Cems samSobloSi me movvle mxolod

udabno lurjad naxaverdebi.

(`Tovli~, tabiZe 1982: 248)

„TovlTan~ dakavSirebiT, maia jaliaSvili aRniSnavs, „xareba sixarulze mianiSnebs, romelic mainc Cndeba am civ mwuxarebaSi, radgan suli inaxavs mogonebas „mkrTali xele-bisas~ da mandilisas... swored RvTismSoblis Soreuli, mag-ram manugeSebeli mzera aCens imeds, rom poeti SeiZleba ga-daurCes udabnos, zamTars, qars...~ (jaliaSvili 2008: 89).

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom „Tovli~, iseve rogorc, terenti granelis zemoT moyvanili leqsi, exmianeba galaktionisave leqss „silaJvarde, anu vardi silaSi~. RvTismSoblisadmi vedreba kidev araerTi paralelis gavlebis SesaZleblobas mogvcems am ori poetis SemoqmedebaSi.

sonetSi `saidumlo misalmeba Wleqian samreklos~ loc-viT, vedrebiT, fiqriT gaTeTrebuli Rameebis Sedegad, bo-rotebis Savi nisliT moculi, codvebisgan damZimebuli li-rikuli gmiris sxeuli natrobs Rameebs, roca Zili SeeZlo. misi savane aqac udabnoa da TiTqmis aRaravis axsovs Zveli, jer kidev gabrwyinebili saxiT:

me menatreba Rameebi, Zili mefuri,

rom sulSi irgvliv borotebis Savi nislia

da Cemi tani, codvebisgan damZimebuli.

(`saidumlo misalmeba Wleqian samreklos~,

graneli 1990: 21)

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sainteresoa, rom missave poeziaSi erTgan TeTri Rame-ebisa da uZilobisagan gaqcevis surviliT Sepyrobili poeti sixaruliT xvdeba momaval Rames. miuxedavad imisa, rom Ta-namgrZnobi da daxmarebis xelis gamomwvdeli aravin egule-ba, uflisadmi vedrebaSi povebs Rirseuli gmiri gadarCenis imeds da mas erTaderT mfarvelad warmoidgens.

leqsSi `vedreba ufalTan~ terenti graneli jer arnaxul saRamosac imediT Sehyurebs, raTa ocnebebiT moculi, uZi-lobas mieces da Tu manmade `mefur Zils~ monatrebuli gvev-lineboda, axla TeTri Rameebis da uZilobis molodinSia:

ver gavarRvie borotebis Savi rkalebi,

mudam Tan damdevs me usazRvro mowyeniloba,

mova saRamo da ocnebiT daviRalebi,

suls uxaria TeTri Rame da uZiloba.

Cemi cxovreba ucnauri qreba cremlebiT,

aravin ar myavs, arsaidan Svelas ar veli.

o, Cems garSemo mkvlelebia da gamcemlebi,

ufali iyos am qalaqSi Cemi mfarveli...

(`vedreba ufalTan~, graneli 1990: 58)

Tumca es sixaruli Ramis molodinisa ar aris mravaljera-di da kvlav grZeldeba uZilo da mwuxare Rame:

yoveli Rame yru samarea,

yoveli Rame aris golgoTa.

(`Soreuli sinaTle~, graneli 1990: 61)

dardi da tkivili saRamos moaxloebasTan erTad eufleba poets, Rame ki ukve dacarielebuls tovebs sakuTar TavTan.

saRamo amnair saxis

dardiviT gaCndeba isev.

dao, vgrZnob grigalis Zaxils,

dao, vgrZnob wamebis mizezs.

(`daTovlili sanTeli~, graneli 1990: 7)

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swored saRamoxans Camowveba nisli da iwyeba faruli wameba, mzadeba grZeli da usaSvelo RamisTvis.

saRamo, kankali sanTlis,irgvliv dawolili nisli.faruli wamebis landi,poetis cremli da sisxli.

ar aris tirilis gardasulisTvis nugeSi sruli.Seirxa simwaris fardada tyeSi gafrinda guli. . .

(`zamTris bareliefi~, graneli 1990: 12)

Tumca leqsSi `mogoneba qarSi~, avtori aRniSnavs, rom saRa-mos dardi gacilebiT mwarea:

Ramdeba da mec vcildebi sazRvars,

saRamos dardi ufro mwarea.

(`mogoneba qarSi~, graneli 1990: 35)

saRamo dardebisa da tirilis TavSesafaria. is gamoTxo-vebis Jamia, gamoTxovebisa dResTan da Suamavali masa da Rames Soris, sadac `fiqri ufro xSiria~.

fiqrian Rameebs galaktionis poeziaSic xSirad vxvdebiT. Ppoeti SeRamebebiT avadmyofobas yvelaze mZafrad ganicdis da mas yovelgvar Sxamze uaresad aRiqvams.

aha, binddeba. kvlav damesiamwyurvalebaTa fiqri – oboba,yovelgvar Sxamze uSxamesiaSeRamebebiT avadmyofoba.

(àha, binddeba~, tabiZe 1982: 115 )

galaktioni mwyurvalebaTa fiqrs obobasTan aigivebs da abstraqtulis konkretizacias axdens. Ffiqri aq, granelis poeziisgan gansxvavebiT, avtors Svebas ar hgvris, piriqiT, avadmyofobas umZafrebs da lirikuli gmiri lands evedreba siCumes.

275

terenti granels sakuTari sikvdilic SuaRamiT aqvs warmodgenili, rodesac varskvlavebi amSveneben cas, Tumca mainc sibneles moucavs yoveli. mis sikvdils yvela grZnobs: sofeli, samyaro. . . zerealuri sivrce Soreuli wvimiT ege-beba mis gardacvalebas, RvTismSobeli ki, misi gansakuTreb-uli gulSematkivari, tiris masze, Tumca aravin loculobs mis gadasarCenad. sicocxles mowyurebuli lirikuli gmiri cdilobs sibnelis garRvevas, kvlav qveynisTvis Tvalis Sev-lebas, Tumca amaod.

Sen ver mixilav da nurc dameZeb,

sadRac wamiRes bneli mklavebiT.

me wuxel movkvdi SuaRameze,

rodesac krTodnen cis varskvlavebi. . .

... albaT, Cems sikvdils grZnobda sofelic

(ver davbrundebi me burusidan).

mkvdari viyavi da ugrZnobeli,

Ria samare Cems guls ucdida.

da ecemodnen sadRac wvimebi

Soreul Rrublis sanapirodan.

kubosTan idgnen serafimebi

da RvTismSobeli Cemze tiroda. . .

(`micvalebulis dRiuridan~, graneli 1990: 78)

aqve sainteresoa, terenti granelisave werili `sikvdi-lis Semdeg~. is, rac mxatvruli saSualebebiT ase naTlad da mkafiodaa gadmocemuli da araerTgzis meordeba mis poezia-Si, yuradRebas iqcevs prozaul teqstebSic:

`dadgeba zamTari...movkvdebi RamiT, gaTenebisas, rodesac gareT iqneba

zamTris gacivebuli mTvare da yinva. sikvdilis win momagon-deba Tbilisis Rameebi da Cemi unazesi da: es ori SeerTebuli koconi, romelic mwvavda me yovelTvis.

ase gaTavdeba sinaTle, gahqrebian mogonebis wamebi.gadavecemi sikvdilis mdumare xelebs.Cemi wamebuli sxeuli SeuerTdeba msoflio elementebs.

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da me vigrZnob umaRles mosvenebas... Cems mier uxilav saRamos bindi dafaravs miviwyebul lodebs da Cemi saflavic Seimoseba sibneliT.

wamova wvima, qariSxali da mowyenil saflavze damayris yviTel foTlebs. ase droTa Savi wveTebiT daxavsdeba Cemi samare, zed wamoizrdeba balaxi.

zafxulSi, saRamo dros, Cems saflavs Cauvlian TeT-rad gamowyobili qalebi, Sors, sarkesTan ucnobi TiTebi daukraven roials... saydars daketaven, xatebi damwyvdeul tusaRebiviT darCebian Sig. da sasaflaos CxaviliT gadauf-rens yvavi.

gaqreba Tvalebi, romelzedac esvena Tbilisis Rameebi mZime lodebiviT.

da Cemi samaris samudamo daraji iqneba Cemi unazesi da – siCume~ (graneli 1961: 258).

sayuradReboa cisferi feris mravalferovneba terenti granelis poeziaSi. is gvevlineba Ramis, imedis, siSoris, Tov-lis, landis epiTetad: `modis Cumi da cisferi Rame~, ès Rame Ramdeba, radgan cisferi imedi midis~, `qveviT saflavebia da zevidan fiqrebi, (albaT geniosi var da cisferi siSore)~, àris cisferi Tovli, TeTri locvebis gaRma~, `TeTr udab-noSi sanTeliviT rom krTis Cemi mwuxare dis cisferi landi~. rogorc Cans, miuxedavad Ramis mimarT TiTqos uimedo, ga-daRlili da misgan gaqcevis surviliT Sepyrobili adami-anis damokidebulebisa, mainc siTbos, Svebasa da imeds povebs lirikuli gmiri missave wiaRSi. albaT, amitomac brunavs mis garSemo, albaT, amitom ver gahqcevia mas, amitomve gvevli-neba ganuyoflad terenti granelis poeziis lirikuli gmiri da Rame.

Apoetis Ramisadmi damokidebulebis TvalsazrisiT, me-tad sainteresoa misive `poezia qarisa da Rameebis~, sadac av-tori ganmartavs Ramis funqciasa da daniSnulebas poetisT-vis. misi azriT, mxolod erT Ramesac ki SeuZlia, grZnobebis zRvaSi daaxrCos Semoqmedi; swored amitom WeSmariti poeti RameSi unda eZebdes sakuTar Tavsa da Semoqmedebas; swored amitom graneli galaktions Ramis mercxals uwodebs:

277

`...Rame poetebisaTvis aris anTeba da anaTema. moaxlov-deba saRamo da poetis suli ainTeba rogorc Soreuli Suqi. Rameebi misdeven poetis fantazias Savi zoliviT: `da rad vstirodi mxolod Ramem, Ramem icoda~ (daria axvlediani). Rameebi xSirad eSafotia da giliotina poetebisaTvis; yo-veli Rame yru samarea, yoveli Rame aris golgoTa (terenti graneli). Rameebs aqvs Tavisi Sinagani wva da koconi. mZimea Rameebis guguni, rogorc Savi zRvis Relva qariSxalSi. xari-ton vardoSvils aqvs SegrZneba Ramis, igi ambobs: `var CarCe-nili gamouval SuaRameSi~.

SeiZleba, erT RameSi igrZnos poetma yvelaferi. poeti ixrCoba grZnobebis zRvaSi. visac grZnoba aklia, igi ar aris poeti. uZilo Rameebi dids ar niSnavs da misi gaSabloneba ar moxdeba arasdros. Rame gaCenilia SemoqmedebisaTvis da ara ZilisaTvis, rogorc es hgoniaT. me mwams, rom yoveli geni-osuri nawarmoebi Seqmnilia RamiT. Rame aris sulis sarke po-etebisaTvis, dRe aris maska da niRabi.

Cemi salami ekuTvnis im poetebs, romlebic quCaSi xvdebi-an ganTiads, da romlebic garbian mTaSi, rom eziaron nisliT sunTqvas. poetis suli aris nawili Ramis. vin icis, ramdeni fiqrebia gabneuli Ramis sivrceSi `Ramis sivrcem wveTobiT Cemi sisxli dalia (terenti graneli). galaktion tabiZe mer-cxalia Ramis. agreTve obol muSas awvalebs Ramis idumale-ba. sikvdili dadis RameSi, RamiT ufro kvdebian adamianebi. mkvleloba Ramis Tanamgzavria. Rame oazisia sisxlis...~

aRsaniSnavia, rom Ramis mimarT poetis es damokidebule-ba simbolistur xasiaTs atarebs. Uumweoba, martosuloba, ob-loba swored simbolizmisaTvisaa niSandoblivi. martoobiT gamowveuli samduravi wuTisoflisadmi `cisferyanweleb-Tanac~ ara erTxel gvxvdeba. ̀ miTxar aCrdilo, gaficeb Tanac gemudarebi, didxans darCebi kvlav CemTan?~ (tabiZe 1985: 291), – wers ticiani. `valerian gafrindaSvili ki Tavis `mini-aturaSi~ qebas uZRvnis quCebs; quCebs, romelic Zalian Camoh-gavs poetis bunebas, romlebmac waarTves gulismRrneli martooba da tkivili: `minda vumRero CemsaviT mowyenil qu-Cebs... Cemi quCebi mWmunvarea da amitom vetrfi me imaT mTvar-

278

ian da umTvaro RameebSi... sanam am quCebs gavicnobdi, me ar viyavi bednieri da mklavda martooba~ (fifia 2001: 37).

rogorc Cans, miuxedavad gausaZlisobisa, miuxedavad didi tkivilisa da uimedobisa, terenti graneli mainc et-rfis Rames da swored is miaCnia STagonebis wyarod, macocx-lebel aucileblobad, rodesac Zili samarcxvinoc kia WeS-mariti SemoqmedisTvis. marTalia, is gaCenidan sinaTlisken miiswrafoda, rom mze exila da misTvis yovel Rames sikvdil-sa da siSoreze fiqri mohqonda, mainc macocxlebel Zalad aRiqvamda da sakuTari Semoqmedebis udides nawils mas uZ-Rvnida. is iyo Rameze Seyvarebuli poeti da sazrdoobda misi energiiT.

damowmebani:

bregaZe 2010: bregaZe k. lurji feris simbolika galaktionTan da

novalisTan. galaktionologia. t. V. Tbilisi: `literaturis institu-

tis gamomcemloba~, 2010.

graneli 1961: grneli t. rCeuli. Tbilisi: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~,

1961.

graneli 1990: graneli t. Memento Mori. Tbilisi: `xelovneba~, 1990.

tabiZe 1985: tabiZe t. leqsebi, poemebi, proza, werilebi. Tbilisi:

`merani~, 1985.

tabiZe 1982: tabiZe g. rCeuli. Tbilisi: `merani~, 1982.

fifia 2001: fifia d. simbolisturi tendenciebi terenti granelis

SemoqmedebaSi. Tbilisi: `Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba~, 2001.

jaliaSvili 2008: jaliaSvili m. sizmriseuli realoba. galaktiono-

logia. t. IV. Tbilisi: `literaturis institutis gamomcemloba~, 2008.

279

mariam enuqiZe

terenti granelis ritorikuli figurebi

terenti granelis poezia mkiTxvelis mxridan yovelTvis did interess iwvevda da amitom mravali kuTxiTaa gamokvle-uli. amjerad gadavwyviteT misi leqsebis analizi ritori-kuli figurebis cxrilis mixedviT, romelic, SeiZleba iTq-vas, nawarmoebis yvelaze Rrmad kvlevis saSualebas gvaZlevs. ritorikuli figurebis arseboba ama Tu im avtoris Semoq-medebaSi misi individualizmis erTi-erTi ganmsazRvreli faqtoria. isini gvexmareba, gavigoT, enis romel specifikur Taviseburebas mimarTavs avtori, rogor amyarebs kontaqts mkiTxvelTan da ra emocias aRZravs teqsti.

ritorikuli figurebi ama Tu im avtoris teqstSi sxva-dasxva masStabiTaa gamoyenebuli. ra Tqma unda, es saSuale-bebi ar aris misi poeturi ostatobis ganmsazRvreli, magram misi meSveobiT avtoris SemoqmedebiTi individualoba ki TvalsaCinod mJRavndeba. qarTvel mweralTa Txzulebebi mdidaria mxatvruli gamosaxvis xerxebiT da sakvlevadac mecniers farTo arCevanis saSualebas aZlevs.

ritorika antikur xanaSi iyo sityvis xelovneba, romlis saSualebiTac orators/avtors unda moexerxebina mkiTxve-lis an msmenelis darwmuneba. dResdReobiT ritorika ormag funqcias iTavsebs: pirveli, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, e. w. „darwmunebis Teoriaa“, xolo meore sul axlaxan Camoyali-bda rogorc damoukidebeli mecniereba. Tanamedrove rito-rika Zvelis formulirebis safuZvelze aRorZinda da dae-mata sruliad axali sferoebi, rogorebicaa: Tanamedrove lingvistika, semiologia, sociologia, socialuri fsiqo-logia da sxva.

1970 wels belgiaSi, lieJis universitetis profesorTa wreSi, Camoyalibda jgufi, saxelwodebiT Groupe µ. maTi kvle-vis sferos warmoadgenda „axali ritorika“ (Rhétorique générale), sadac ganxilulia literaturuli ritorika.

280

µ jgufis damaarseblebi roman iakobsons miiCnevdnen pirvelad, vinc ritorikis axali saxiT dabrunebas xeli Se-uwyo. Tavad µ jgufis damaarseblebi arian: Jak dubua, fren-sis edelini, Jan mari klinkerbergi, filip menge, fransua piri da adlen trinoni. maTi ganmartebiT, jgufis saxeli momdi-nareobs berZnuli sityvidan – metafora (μεταφορα), im azriT, rom nebismieri tropi Tu ritorikuli figura, Tavisi warmo-SobiT, metaforulia. jgufis naSromebSi sistematizebulia ritorikuli figurebi da tropebi.

µ jgufi ritorikul figurebs oTx kategoriad yofs, esenia: metaplazmebi. metataqsisebi, metasememebi da metalo-gizmebi. TiToeuli maTgani axorcielebs garkveul enobriv operaciebs

I. metaplazmebi – axorcielebs enobrivi erTeulebis fo-netikur an grafikul saxeebTan dakavSirebul operaciebs. metaplazma cvlis teqstis grafikas an fonikas. es cvlileba, erTdroulad, SeiZleba exebodes erT an ramdenime fonemas.

II. metataqsisebi – metataqsisebSi operaciebi xorciel-deba enobrivi erTeulebis Sinaarsis doneze.

III. metasemimebi – metasememebi sintaqsur doneze axor-cielebs operaciebs. metasememebis kategoriaSi Sedis iseTi ritorikuli figurebi, romlebic CvenTvis kargadaa cnobi-li, esenia: metafora, Sedareba, metonimia, oqsimoroni, sinek-doqe, antinomazia da sxv.

IV. metalogizmebi – metalogizmebi, ZiriTadad, axorcie-leben logikur operaciebs.

ritorikuli figurebi met-naklebad yvela poetTan gvxvdeba. terenti graneli gansakuTrebiT xSirad iyenebs anaforas, romelic µ jgufis mier Sedgenil ritorikuli figurebis cxrilSi ar gvxvdeba, magram qarTveli poetebi mas yvelaze xSirad mimarTaven.

anafora aris paraleluri konstruqciebis dasawyisSi ga-meorebuli sityvebi an bgerebi. gameoreba SeiZleba xdebodes sityvaTSeTanxmebebSi, winadadebebSi, frazebSi, abzacebSi da sxva. terenti granelTan poetur teqstebSi yvelaze xSiria striqonebis dasawyisSi gameorebuli sityvebi an bgerebi:

281

me davdiodi SenTan yovelTvis,

me davdiodi SenTan daRlili.

me davdiodi, axlac movedi,

SenTan momqonda Cumi Zaxili.

me davdiodi SenTan maradis,

me davdiodi SenTan daRlili.

SenTan momqonda wminda baraTi,

SenTan momqonda Cumi Zaxili.

(graneli 2005: 80)

pirveli strofis pirvel, meore, mesame da meore stro-fis pirvel da meore striqonis dasawyisSi meordeba fra-za „me davdiodi“, romlis saSualebiTac avtori cdilobs gvaCvenos, rom Tavisi miznis misaRwevad bevrs wvalobs, dadis da amiT vxvdebiT, rom misTvis es procesi metad mniSvnelova-nia. lirikuli gmiri Tavisi mcdelobis mizezsac asaxelebs da am mizezis mniSvnelobas gadmogvcems fraziT „SenTan momqon-da“, romelic pirveli strofis bolo taepSi da meore stro-fis mesame da meoTxe striqonebSi meordeba.

strofuli anaforis magaliTi gvxvdeba leqsSi „saaxal-wlo elegia“:


rom aqamde cocxali var, mikvirs!

me imdenad SeveCvie landebs,

minda TovlSic maTi kvali Candes!

me imdenad SeveCvie sevdas,

yvela leqsi cremliT damisvelda.

me imdenad SeveCvie Rames,

is sinaTle, vici, gamawamebs.


rom aqamde cocxali var mikvirs!

(graneli 2005: 100)

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warmodgenil monakveTSi yoveli strofis pirvel taepSi meordeba fraza, „me imdenad SeveCvie“, romelSic Cans, rom avtori yvelaze mniSvnelovnad Tavis grZnobebs miiCnevs. mas tkivils ayenebs imis warmodgena, rom sikvdils, landebs da Rames SeeCvia. am SemTxvevaSi, yoveli strofis dasawyisSi warmodgenili anaforebi SeiZleba parcelaciadac miviCni-oT, romelic gulisxmobs efeqtis gaZlierebas winadadebebis an frazebis CamoTvlis fonze. parcelacias terenti grane-li xSirad iyenebs, romlebic metwilad anaforebsac war-moadgens. msgavsi magaliTi, rodesac anafora parcelaciasac warmoadgens, gvxvdeba leqsSi „mimarTva disadmi“:

ar mSordeba me uZilo Rame,

damixseni, laJvardebis cao!

male modi da miSvele rame,

male modi, viRupebi, dao!

cas mivapyrob Sewuxebul Tvelebs,

Semifare, mowmendilo cao.

male modi, male modi, male,

male modi viRupebi, dao.

(graneli 2005: 21)

am figurebis gamoyenebiT avtori Tavis udides sulier tkivils, TiTqos, mkiTxvelsac agrZnobinebs.

terenti granelTan gvxvdeba iseTi ritorikuli figure-bic, romlebic Zalian iSviaTadaa sxva qarTveli mwerlebis SemoqmedebaSi. poeti ramdenjerme iyenebs apokopas, romelic µ jgufis mixedviT, metaplazmebis kategoriaSi Semavali fig-uraa, romlis drosac sityvis bolo bgera an bgerebi Camo-Sorebulia aqcentur -fonetikuri zegavleniT. sxvagvarad am movlenas poetur licenciasac uwodeben.

Runavs qarebi alvas,

elavs musikis xmebi.

damwva sakuTar alma,

vatyob, TandaTan vqrebi.

(graneli 2005: 42)

283

avtori iyenebs izosilabur sazomebs, sariTmo sqemiT abab. swored am sazomis da ritmulobis SesanarCuneblad si-tyva sakuTars CamoSorebuli aqvs brunvis niSani ma.

metaplazmebis kategoriaSi Semavaliritorikuli figu-rebidan terenti granelis leqsebSi vxvdebiT afersesissac, romelic gulisxmobs sityvis sawyisi bgeris CamoSorebas wi-na sityvis zegavleniT.

aelvarda guSin

uimedo miwa.

da wamebul sulSi

saocrebas Zinavs.

(graneli 2005: 111)

meoTxe taepSi mosalodneli formis, sZinavs, nacvlad, gvaqvs Zinavs, rac wina sityvis zegavleniT xdeba. am monakveT-Si aferesisTan erTad gvaqvs inversiac, romelic metataq-sisebis kategoriaSi Semavali figuraa. inversiis dros icv-leba sityvebis bunebrivi adgili. pirvel da meore taepebSi Secvlilia sityvaTa tradiciuli rigi. Semasmeneli warmod-genilia winadadebis dasawyisSi. inversia qarTvel poeteb-Tan Zalian xSirad gvxvdeba, TiTqmis yvela leqsSi. poetebi mas ase xSirad imitom mimarTaven, rom SeinarCunon sityvaTa harmoniuli wyoba, ar daarRvion, riTma, ritmi, an ufro mZaf-ri emociuri zegavlena moaxdinon mkiTxvelze.

terenti graneli, aseve, xSirad iyenebs metasememebis ka-tegoriaSi Semaval ritorikul figurebsac: metaforas, Se-darebas, gapirovnebasa da sxv. maTgan yvelaze xSirad gvxvde-ba Sedareba:

mwuxareba nakeci gazafxulze dageZebs,Sens umanko bageze dabinavdnen locvebi.

saocrebis landebi Sens win glovas anTeben,

rogorc briliantebi saidumlo ocnebiT.

............................

roca qari iwyeba, gadviqcevi fiqrebad,

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albaT bevri iqneba imedebi qarvaSi.

mesmis xma roialis, viT foTlebis Sriali,

miyvars me xetiali SeSliliviT qalaqSi.

(graneli 2005: 103)

pirveli strofis meoTxe taepSi gvxvdeba Zalian sain-tereso Sedarebis magaliTi. briliantebi Sedarebulia lan-debTan, romlebic glovas anTeben.. Sesabamisad, briliantebi Sedarebulia ara marto landebTan, aramed, sanTlis SuqTanac. meore strofis mesame taepSi kvlav vxvdebiT Sedarebas, sadac roialis xma Sedarebulia foTlebis SrialTan, xolo meoTxe taepSi lirikuli gmiri ambobs, rom is SeSliliviT daexeteba qalaqSi. es migvaniSnebs mis udides sulier tkivilze.

terenti graneli xSirad iyenebs aliteraciasac:

TeTri SuadRe brinjaos jvrebiT,

yru sasaflao da mdumareba.

ucnobi Tvali, o, javriT vTvrebi,

irRveva fiqri sdums mwuxareba.

(graneli 2005: 102)

pirvel taepSi gvaqvs j Tanxovanze damyarebuli alitera-cia, xolo mesame strofSi r Tanxmovanze damyarebuli. orive SemTxvevaSi es bgerebi emociuri efeqtis gaZlierebas emsax-ureba.

amave leqsSi poeti iyenebs kvlav metaplazmebis katego-riaSi Semaval figuras, epintezas. am dros sityvaSi Cndeba damatebiTi bgera, romelic garkveuli fonetikuri movlen-iT aixsneba:

akankalda armazi, unazesi gammaze

mosvenebas ar maZlevs kvireebis guguni.

Zlivs gadurCi am aprils, ver vasruleb danapirs,

Cvens cxovrebas Tanabars STanTqavs Rame ukuni.

(graneli 2005: 103)

285

pirvel taepSi bgera m meordeba xolo meore taepSi bgera e, romlebic garkveuli emociuri zegavlenis mosaxdenadaa saWiro, garda amisa saWiroa Tanabarmarcvlianobis SesanarCuneblad.

terenti granelis leqsebi amouwuravia ritorikuli fi-gurebis simravlis TvalsazrisiT. vfiqrobT, rom ama Tu im poetis Semoqmedebis kvleva, ritorikuli figurebis cxri-lis mixedviT, saSualebas iZleva, Rrmad CavwvdeT Txzulebis mTavar saTqmels da amovicnoT avtoris Canafiqri.

naSromi gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenad farTo SesaZleblobebi aqvs ritorikul figurebs poeturi teqstebis kvlevisas. ra Tqma unda, aq mxolod maTi mcire nawili gvxvdeba, magram, zogadad, figurebze mkafio warmodgenas mainc gviqmnis.

damowmebani:

graneli 2005: graneli t. 100 leqsi. Tbilisi: „inteleqti“, 2005

μ jgufi 1986: Группа μ (Дюбуа Ж., Эделин Ф., Клинкенберг Ж.-М., Мэнге Ф., Пир Ф., Тринон А.). Общая риторика. Москва: „Прогресс“, 1986.

canava 2009: canava r. metafora. Tbilisi: literaturis institutis

gamomcemloba, 2009.

286

gubaz leTodiani

terenti granelis „faruli vedreba“.

strofika da qronotopi.

strofs ganmartaven rogorc striqonTa, taepTa Semcvel ritmul periods. misi mTavari niSnebia: 1. sazomi (sazomi SeiZ-leba iyos Tanabarmarcvliani an heterosilaburi). 2. riTma (romelic SeiZleba sxva, momdevno strofSic meordebodes an icvlebodes). 3. Tema da Sinaarsi. es ukanaskneli zemoaRniS-nuli maxasiaTeblebis ganmsazRvreli faqtoria.

terenti granelis gansaxilvel leqsSi „faruli vedreba“ vecdebiT gamovavlinoT mimarTeba strofikasa da qrono-tops Soris da maTi meSveobiT gavaanalizoT teqsti.

Tavdapirvelad SevniSnavT, rom leqsis dro da sivrce prozis qronotopisgan gansxvavebulad aRiqmeba. gansakuT-rebiT im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac simbolistur poeziasTan gvaqvs saqme. rogorc cnobilia, simbolizmi gamoirCeva saT-qmelis dafarulobiT. terenti granelis es leqsi ki raRacas rom faravs, saTaurSive Cans. ase rom, ar aris gasakviri Tuki, „farul vedrebaSi“ wavawydebiT iluzorul drosa da sivrces.

leqsi Sedgeba xuTi strofisgan, romlebic oTxtaepedebs moicavs.

sevdian sarkeSi da ucxo Ramidan 33/33

sanTlebiT misdeven yvavebi am aprils, 33/33

poets garindebuls, rogorc piramida, 24/24

zarebis tirilSi grigali gamafrens. 33/33

warmodgenil strofSi, iseve rogoc mTel leqsSi, Ziri-Tadi sazomi aris 33/33.

ganvixiloT lirikuli gmiris mimarTeba sivrcesTan. leq-sis iluzoruli da fragmentul – asociaciuri bunebidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom sivrcec asociaciuria, anu is ar miuTiTebs konkretul urbanul garemoze. es Cans pirvelive striqonSi:

287

sevdian sarkeSi da ucxo Ramidan...

sarkis fenomeni vlindeba samgvari proeqciiT, is sivrce-Si realizdeba: materialuri, sulieri da mxatvruli saxiT. am SemTxvevaSi Cven gvainterebs sarke, rogorc mxatvruli saxe. zogadad, is gamoiyeneba teqstis azrobrivi da „fizikuri“ sivrcis gasafarToeblad. sarke paralelur samyarosTan da-makavSirebeli simboloa. is saxea samyaros, RmerTis, WeSma-ritebis, Secnobis da, amave dros, sicruis, aranamdvilobisa. zogjer mas moiazreben sxva, miRmur samyaroSi gamaval ka-rad. sarkis negatiuri aspeqti ganpirobebulia misi kavSiriT orgemagobasTan, samyaros gaorebasTan. simbolizmSi sarke gaiazreba gamosaxulebis aberaciad, iseTi anareklis amsaxve-lad, romelic ar emTxveva original saxes.

terenti granelis leqsSi, vfiqrob, sarke unda miviCnioT miRmuri, mistikuri samyaros aRmniSvnelad, razec miuTi-Tebs sityva „ucxo“. „ucxo Rame“ da „sevdiani sarke“ am SemTx-vevaSi erTmaneTs avsebs.

vfiqrobT, „sevdian sarkes“ ver ganvsazRvravT rogorc optikur sivrces, Tu ar aRvniSnavT am metaforis mimarTebas meoTxe strofis mesame striqonTan:

vardisfer sarkeSi survili berdeba.

aq ukve naTeli xdeba, Tu ratom SeiZleba iyos sarke sev-diani, masSi airekleba survilis dabereba. ra survilzea saubari, es gaurkveveli rCeba. aqve unda iTqvas, rom vardis-feri, qristianuli simbolikiT, Seesityveba mistiuri Zalis xilvas. vardisferis amgvari gaazreba kidev ufro amtkicebs, rom sarkis fenomeni leqsSi miRmuri, mistikuri sivrcis aR-mniSvnelad vlindeba.

aqve ismis kiTxva, Tu ra aisaxeba am areklil, optikur sivrceSi?

pasuxi: „sanTlebiT misdeven yvavebi am aprils ...“ Znelia, daijero, Cveulebriv sarkeSi xedavde sanTlebiT

SeiaraRebul yvavebs, romlebic aprils misdeven. amito-mac unda avxsnaT, ras niSnavs „yvavebi“ da ratom misdeven sanTlebiT am aprils.

288

yvavs sxvadasxvagvari simboluri datvirTva aqvs, zog SemTxvevaSi is sikvdilsa da sabediswero gansacdelze miu-TiTebs. gavixsenoT oriode magaliTi qarTuli poeziidan,

1. ukan momCxavis TvalbediTi Savi yorani.(n. baraTaSvili „merani“)

2. bedi klavs Cems sxeuls,

TvalebSi yornebis

mqenjnian klanWebi.

(g. tabiZe „me moval“)

moxmobili striqonebisgan gansxvavebiT, sruliad sxva ampluaSi warmogvidgebian granelis yvavebi. leqsis meore striqoni e.w. absoluturi metaforaa. „absoluturi metafo-ris“ mokle ganmarteba ki amgvaria: „absoluturi metafora“ aris is, romelSic araa cxadi miniSneba ideasa da saxes Soris msgavsebaze“. Tavad „termini „absoluturi metafora“ pirve-lad Cndeba da literaturaTmcodneobaSi muSavdeba frangi poetebis: S. bodleris da s. malarmes metaforikis kon-teqstSi, romelTa specifikuri saxeobrioba efuZneboda realobis radikalur emansipacias, yvelanairi sinamdvilis tradiciuli saxeobrivi gamosaxvis uaryofas. maT metafo-rul enaSi metaforis orive – gamcemi da mimRebi – saxe ukve TavisTavad, dasazRvrulad metaforizebulia, anu dacile-bulia im sferos, sagans, process Tu subieqts, romlebmac es metafora unda daaxasiaTon.

sayuradReboa, rom „absoluturi metafora“ uaryofs re-alobas, anu is SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc poetis subieq-turi damokidebuleba, vinaidan „absolutur metaforaSi“ cnebaTa SeerTeba efuZneba ara mxolod „aramsgavsTa msgavse-bas“, aramed erTmaneTisTvis ucxo arsTa subieqtur emociur SeTanadebas“.

gansaxilveli strofi mimaCnia realobis emansipaciis mcdelobad, aprils adevnebuli yvavebi erTgvari Semzade-baa im warmodgenili sivrcisTvis, romelic leqsis momdevno taepebSi vlindeba.

289

lirikuli gmiris sivrculi aRqma aSkarad iluzoruli, fragmentul-asociaciuri da erTgvarad sizmriseulia. amas adasturebs Semdegi striqonic:

TiTqos var sizmarSi da irgvliv qvebia. aRsaniSnavia, rom mxolod leqsis mesame da meoTxe stro-

fia izosilaburi, rac leqsSi arsebuli dro-sivrcis dinami-kur aRqmas uwyobs xels. vfiqrob, am dinamikaSi, mniSvnelovani sakiTxia sizmriseuli da „arasizmriseuli“ nakadis gamoyofa. aqve unda aRiniSnos strofikisa da qronotopis mimarTebac.

Cems codvil savanes qaosi edeba,

TiTqos var sizmarSi da irgvliv qvebia,

Wleqian ferebiT baRebSi Tendeba,

Cems viwro oTaxSi wamebi qrebian. am strofSi SesamCnevia striqonebs Soris ara mxolod

jvaredini riTma, aramed jvaredini dro – sivrce: pirvel da mesame striqonebSi dro miedineba („qaosi edeba“, „baReb-Si Tendeba“), xolo meore da meoTxe striqonebSi igrZnoba „sizmriseuli“ uZraoba da udrooba („irgvliv qvebia“, „wamebi qrebian“). pirveli da mesame striqonebiT poeti aRwers gare-mos, meoresa da meoTxeSi ki warmodgenilia lirikuli gmiris subieqtivisturi aRqma drosa (gamqrali wamebi) da sivrces-Tan (sizmari, viwro oTaxi). sailustraciod SegviZlia gada-vanacvloT sityvebis ganlageba:

TiTqos var sizmarSi da wamebi qrebian,Cems viwro oTaxSi irgvliv qvebia.

rogorc vxedavT, gadanacvlebiT Sinaarsi ucvleli rCe-ba. amas SegviZlia vuwodoT strofikis, qronotopisa da leq-sis semantikuri mxaris erTianoba.

daskvnis saxiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom teqstis analizisas gamoikveTa lirikuli gmiris dro-sivrcis subieqtivisturi aRqma. SevecadeT gamogveyo leqsis dinamika da am dinamikaSi arsebuli mimarTeba qronotopsa da strofikas Soris.

290

damowmebani:


trirebuli enciklopedia. Tbilisi: `bakmi~, 2007.

doiaSvili 1999: doiaSvili T. versifikaciuli portretebi. Tbilisi:

„mecniereba“, 1999.

ratiani 2005: ratiani i. qronotopi antiutopiur romanSi. Tbilisi:

Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 2005.

xinTibiZe 2000: xinTibiZe a. qarTuli leqsmcodneoba. Tbilisi: 2000.

[http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/bobtam/website/metaphor.htm]. [http://avantgarde.narod.ru/beitraege/ed/np_metafora.htm].

291

salome lomouri

terenti graneli da cisferyanwelebi

terenti graneli mwerlobis asparezze me-20 saukunis 20-ian wlebSi gamovida. am periodSi saqarTveloSi erTdro-ulad viTardeboda sxvadasxva modernistuli mimdinareoba. gansakuTrebiT Zlieri iyo simbolizmis gavlena – erTi mxriv, galaktionis Semoqmedeba, meore mxriv ki – cisferyanwelebis. 1919 wels Tavis gamocemul Jurnal `kronosis sarkeSi~ aRta-cebuli terenti acxadebs: `simbolizmis jadosnuri cecxlis ali moedo Zvel Sablonur poezias, daiwyo Cqari renesansi xelovnebisa, romlis swrafi gaqanebiT ibneva briliantebiT Semosili landebi da wiTeli raSebis TeTri zmaneba. amieri-dan Cven ar Segvawuxebs Zveli daxavsebuli poeziis mkrTali ferebi. dRes alur frTebiT veSvebiT axal samyaroSi, sadac uxilavi saxeebis Cumi TareSia gamefebuli. Cven ar SegvaSi-nebs sivrcis usazRvroeba, arc patara kacunebis primiti-uli TamaSebi, Cven ukve TeTri samosiT daviwyeT jiriTi iq, sadac izrdeba simbolizmis mwvane yvavilebi. Cven davtoveT sinamdvile, davgmeT Savi warsuli da axal ferebiT daviwyeT vrceli saubari. ar gvawuxebs sikvdilis SiSi, Cveni uaxlesi mizania SevqmnaT maradisoba da utexi sxeuliT mivegeboT yovelgvar saSinelebas~ (graneli 2012: 293). amavdroulad, igi aqveynebs literaturul werils – `daisebi~, romelSic ganix-ilavs da maRal Sefasebas aZlevs valerian gafrindaSvilis poezias. `g. tabiZisa da v. gafrindaSvilis Semoqmedebisadmi miZRvnili werilebidan da simbolizmis sakiTxebze Teori-uli msjelobidan gamomdinare, Tamamad SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom terenti graneli kargad icnobs simbolistur esTetikas da TviTonac axlos dgas am modernistul mimarTulebasTan~ (mamforia 1997: 7). poeti xSirad iyenebs simbolistur saxeebs, uZRvnis leqsebs cnobil simbolist poetebs da daufaravad emxroba lozungs – `xelovneba xelovnebisTvis~. mas itacebs simbolizmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli misticizmi, Tumca ucxoa is xelovnuroba, specialuri pozebi, romlebic axasiaTeb-

292

daT cisferyanwelebs. terentis leqsebi gacilebiT sadaa. igi Zalian gulwrfelia da ar TamaSobs, imas aRgviwers, rasac namdvilad ganicdis. simbolistebma aitaces pol verlenis fraza – `musika, musika, upirveles yovlisa~ (nakudaSvili 1997: 81) da polifoniuri JReradobis misaniWeblad, Tavi-anTi leqsebi maqsimalurad datvirTes poeturi figurebiT. cisferyanwelebisTvis sisxlxorceulia TamaSi, niRbebis morgeba, isini erTmaneTs mimarTaven Serqmeuli saxelebiT, magaliTad, tite tabiZe jer ticians irqmevs, Semdeg ki pi-eros, xolo Tavis meuRles kolombinas uwodebs. pavle iaS-vili paolod iqceva da elene darianis saxeliT wers leqsebs da a.S. terenti ar cdilobs saxelis gadarqmevas da niRbis morgebas. Tavis saTqmelsac, rogorc vTqviT, ufro sadad gamoxatavs, Tumca sonetebi da trioletebi SedarebiT rTu-li eniT aqvs dawerili da mxatvruli saxeebiT datvirTuli. magaliTad moviyvanT erT-erT sonets:

Cems wyeul saxels SeaCvenebs avi landebi,

oqros vardebSi damawveba gulze amarti.

isev burusiT Seimosa rkinis daRmarTi,

kudianebma damatyveva macdur fandebiT

(graneli 2012: 232)

terenti ganze mdgomi poetia, igi arasodes yofila ro-melime literaturuli dajgufebis wevri. martosulobis gancda granels Rrmad aqvs gamjdari da mTel mis poezias war-marTavs. igi dedamiwas da Tavis qalaqs udabnosTan aigivebs: `Cemi savane – udabnoa da Secodeba~ (graneli 2012: 24), `swamda Tbilisi – udabno dardis~ (graneli 2012: 75); ès udabnoa da me marto var, (dgeba landiviT dRe nawvimari)~ (graneli 2012: 237). poeti Tavis Tavs zogjer dedamiwis tusaRs adarebs – àr vici ra vqna, me cixeSi var, irgvliv martyia rkinis fan-jrebi./ es cixe CemTvis ra saWiroa, rodesac miwa CemTvis cix-ea~ (graneli 2012: 10), zogjer ki – mgzavrs: `sikvdili momdevs gverdiT da var moRlili mgzavri./ moCans wameba didi da mec samares veZeb~ (graneli 2012: 16). sainteresoa, rom msgavsi sa-xe tician tabiZis poeziaSic gvxvdeba – igi Tavs moRlil

293

mwirs uwodebs, romelic samudamo xetialisTvis aris ganwir-uli udabnod qceul samyaroSi: `magram vis esmis mwiris gode-ba, udabnod cremli tyvilad iRvreba~ (tabiZe 1999: 4); `Cemi qviTini, moTqma, godeba aravis esmis, ar eyureba, oh, zenaaro! miTxar, rodemdis vidode mwiri me usafari~ (tabiZe 1985: 46). orive poeti cdilobs Tavi daaRwios miwas – martosul sapy-robiles da ukeTes samyaroSi gadainacvlos, mxolod ti-cianis SemoqmedebaSi mogvianebiT mwiris simbolika icvleba da amqveyanaze gulacruebuli, gariyuli, wmindad simbolis-turi saxidan samSoblos bediT gulmoklul da mebrZol saxed iqceva (mag., leqsSi – `me yaCaRebma momkles aragvze~), amgvari motivi terentisTan ar gvxvdeba. amis mizezi SesaZloa, is iyos, rom ticianisTvis amgvari martosuloba, mSfoTvare Zieba mainc erTgvari pozaa, simbolisturi msoflxedvidan gamomdinare, xolo granelisTvis es bunebrivi, sisxlxor-ceuli gancdaa, romelic gamudmebiT Tan axlavs da sicocx-lis bolomde ar stovebs: àravin, marto davrCi sruliad, midian, dReebs bolo ar uCans~ (graneli 2012: 12); àdamiani ar Cans sruliad, garSemo sufevs qari da nisli~ (graneli 2012: 33); `mxolod martoobis dReebs vegebebi, mxolod siCumea Cemi kavaleri~ (graneli 2012: 109); àrc megobari, arc naTesa-vi, aravin aris, sul marto davrCi~ (graneli 2012: 197). ufro metic, gaucxoveba, simartove~ imdenad yovlismomcvelia, rom poets ar eguleba arc erTi axlobeli, debis – maSosa da zozias garda, samagierod, mis leqsebSi xSirad Cndebian uc-nobebi, romelTac arc saxe aqvT, arc saxeli:

albaT SarSandel zafxuls igonebs

sofelSi viRac adamiani...

(graneli 2012: 12)

albaT iq, sadRac, Soreul gzaze

viRaca midis da nela mReris.

(graneli 2012: 32)

isev miwaze var mijaWvuli

(sadRac SiSia, viRac fiTrdeba).

294

mova odesme vinme tanjuli

da Cem saflavTan is dafiqrdeba

(graneli 2012: 32)

am ucnob personaJTa gamoCena gansakuTrebul tragizms aniWebs granelis leqsebs. isini TiTqos kidev erTxel migvi-TiTeben poetis sazogadoebisgan, adamianebisgan ganmartoe-baze da mTeli simZafriT warmogviCenen masa da danarCen ka-cobriobas Soris arsebuli ufskrulis siRrmes. terenti imdenad daSorebulia adamianebs, rom yvela, vinc gars axve-via, ucxod eCveneba, ufro metic – maT saxeebsac ki ver arCevs. da es usaxo personaJebi poetis miusafrobasa da eulobas mkveTrad usvamen xazs.

aqve isic unda aRvniSnoT, rom simbolist poetTa msgav-sad, granelTanac gvxvdeba TviTmkvlelobis motivi. poeti ganuwyvetliv miiltvis imisken, rom cixed qceul dedamiwas Tavi daaRwios:

axla xom droa, movikla Tavi,

metis moTmena ar SemiZlia.

(graneli 2012: 11)

adamiani ar Cans sruliad,

garSemo sufevs qari da nisli.

garSemo zRude aRmarTulia,

me TviTmkvlelobis garda, ra mixsnis?!

(graneli 2012: 33)

me bevrjer mqonia dardi iSviaTi,

bevrjer Tavis mokvlac mqonda ganzraxuli.

(graneli 2012: 132)

Sdr. tician tabiZe: `gaCenili var qvebze kalmaxi da axe-uli maqvs layuCebi, SemarTulia fexze Caxmaxi da usikvdi-lod ver gadvurCebi. es aris Cemi mgosnobis fasi da TviTm-kvlelobis iavnanuri~ (tabiZe 1999: 61). magram TandaTan es motivi terentis poeziaSi ukana planze inacvlebs, radgan poeti yoveldRe ganicdis sikvdils, igi misi Tanamgzavri

295

xdeba – `sikvdili momdevs gverdiT da var moRlili mgzav-ri~ (graneli 2012: 16), TviTmkvleloba ukve azrs kargavs, vina-idan sikvdili isedac gardauvalia. poeti gamudmebiT elis mas – `me imdenad SeveCvie sikvdils, aqamde rom cocxali var mikvirs~ (graneli 2012: 36), ufro metic – dedamiwas sa-mares adarebs (`radgan miwa samarea CemTvis~ – graneli 2012: 35). Tumca isic unda aRvniSnoT, rom granels Tavzars scems imaze fiqri, rom amqveynad yvelafers aqvs dasasruli da sabolood, yovelive araraobad iqceva. mas eSinia gaqrobis, daviwyebis (ò, viRac qali saflavTan tiris, aryofnis SiSma mec amitana~ – graneli 2012: 36). swored amitom eZiebs gzas, romelic arsebobas raRac azrs SesZens da daarwmunebs, rom tyuilad ar ucxovria. amgvar sazrisad poezia evlineba, romelic misTvis wmindaTawmindaa: `me uarvyavi mTeli cxovreba, viwame zeca da poezia~ (graneli 2012: 42), `mesmis cxovreba, rogorc talaxi da poezia sixarulia~ (graneli 2012: 65); poezia maradiulia – ~hqrian fiqrebi da poezia/ ra aris garda maradisobis~ (graneli 2012: 4) da igi umTavresi Rirebulebaa. terenti mxolod imitom cocxlobs, rom iyos poeti da darwmunebulia, rom misi `gvari: graneli – poezias darCeba~ (graneli 2012: 3), Tavisi leqsebi moutans ukvdave-bas da ukvalod gaqrobisgan, daviwyebisgan ixsnis.

amasTan, rogorc WeSmariti poeti, terenti ar kmayofil-deba miwiT. misi suli gamudmebiT zecas mieltvis, miwisgan Tavis daRwevas cdilobs:

me xom mindoda gasvla miwidan,

me xom mindoda gafrena cisken.

(graneli 2012: 30)

cisken mival da mwyuria zeca,

radgan miwa samarea CemTvis.

(graneli 2012: 35)

maRla gafrena me movindome,

radgan miwaze suli ar icdis.

(graneli 2012: 41)

296

xSirad graneli zecasa da poezias erTmaneTTan akav-Sirebs (`midian wlebi uamindobis, axla erTia leqsi da zeca~ – graneli 2012: 15), Tavis Tavs ki `zeciur arsebas~ uwodebs:

me Zlieri talanti, zeciuri arseba,

Cemi nazi samSoblo – laJvardebi cisferi.

(graneli 2012: 3)

miwa sikvdilTan, warmavlobasa da martosulobasTan asocirdeba da poeti miiCnevs, rom misTvis aq bedniereba, sulis simSvide miuRwevelia. dedamiwis amgvari gaazrebiT igi simbolistebs exmianeba, romlebic mudam realobidan gaqcevas cdilobdnen da gamogonil samyaros afarebdnen Tavs. mxolod, terentisTan es sxva samyaro – cisferyanwe-lebis `qaldea~ bolomde Camoyalibebuli, xorcSesxmuli ar aris, poeti mxolod mis ZiebaSia, magram srulyofilad ver Seucvnia, ras eZebs an ras ipovis da es awamebs. miuxedavad ze-cisken dauokebeli ltolvisa, ar icis, ipovis Tu ara zecaSi imas, rasac daeZebs. zogjer cas sxva planeta anacvlebs, mag-ram isic mistiuria, daudgeneli, idumalebiT mosili:

me isev vfiqrob sxva planetaze

da sikvdils udris es dafiqreba.

(graneli 2012: 69)

RmerTo! gamaRviZe

me sxva planetaze.

(graneli 2012: 117)

amgvari daJinebuli Zieba ternetis mier sikvdilis Sec-nobas ukavSirdeba. mas ar akmayofilebs is, rasac arsebuli realoba sTavazobs, Tavs SezRudulad grZnobs: ̀ da me ra vqna, SezRuduli rom var, ra vqna, meti gasaqani minda~ (graneli 2012: 256); `yofna ar kmara, raRac msurs meti da mwuxareba gaivlis xmaSi~ (graneli 2012: 269). magram, amasTanave, acno-bierebs, rom axal samyaroSi gadasasvlelad jer Zveli unda datovos – anu, unda gardaicvalos. amitom sikvdils uxmobs:

297

`da me naTlad vgrZnob, rom sikvdili miSvelis, o, sikvdili miSvelis~ (graneli 2012: 150), anda: `me dasvenebas ver ve-Rirsebi, sanam sikvdili CemTan ar mova~ (graneli 2012: 77). paradoqsia, magram swored gaqrobis, sikvdilis SiSi ubiZgebs poets sikvdili eZios, radgan gadarCenas, maradiul samyaro-Si moxvedras mxolod misi saSualebiT SeZlebs. igi ufro Sor-sac midis da acxadebs: ìsev veZeb maradiul yofas, sikvdilia sicocxleze meti~ (graneli 2012: 194), marTlac is usasrulo-bisken, mudmivobisken mimavali gzaa, romelic poets zecaSi, uflis maxloblad, hpirdeba adgilis damkvidrebas.

isic unda aRvniSnoT, rom granelTan ikargeba mijna po-eziasa da realur cxovrebas Soris. igi ara mxolod poeturi warmosaxviT cdilobs axal samyaroSi gadasvlas, aramed re-alurad, fizikuradac (`vnatrob sxva sivrces da ucxo qa-laqs, sawamlavia CemTvis es xana~ – graneli 2012: 79). terentis-gan gansxvavebiT cisferyanwelebi TavianT irealur samyaros ufro gamokveTili konturebiTa da ferebiT xataven, maTi samyaro, marTalia, mistiuria, aTasgvari niRbebiT savse, mag-ram mainc konkretuli da gansazRvrulia, simbolistTa mis-ticizms, qaoss, myari Sinagani wesrigi gaaCnia. maT ician, risi gamoxatva surT. cisferyanwelebisTvis `qaldea~ – warmosax-viTi samyaro droebiTi TavSesafaria, romelsac SemdgomSi stoveben (da maSinac, roca am samyaroSi gadadian, es mxolod poeturi gadasvlaa), granelisTvis ki zeca Tu ucxo planeta mudmiv da sruliad realur TavSesafars warmoadgens. mis-Tvis es ar aris xelovnurad Seqmnili paraleluri realoba (metasamyaro), romlis arsebobasac simbolizmis principebi moiTxovs. poets mtkiced swams, rom dedamiwis miRma sxva ganzomileba arsebobs, romelSic maradiulad ganagrZobs arsebobas.

kidev erTi ZiriTadi ganmasxvavebeli terentisa da cis-feryanwelebs Soris, rwmenis sakiTxia. rogorc viciT, sim-bolistebi uaryofdnen RmerTs. `sarwmunoeba mkvdaria~ – acxadebs tician tabiZe werilSi `cisferi yanwebiT~(tabiZe 1999: 82). es sityvebi SeiZleba, aRviqvaT, rogorc mTeli mo-dernistuli msoflmxedvelobis gasaRebi. `swored sarwmu-

298

noebis dakargva, sulieri krizisi aZlevs dasabams yvela im sulier problemas, romelTa aRqma da gamosaxva warmoadgens modernistuli xelovnebis ZiriTad mizans. ticiani xazgas-miT aRniSnavs, rom modernizmSi sarwmunoebis Canacvleba xdeba miTiT, rac gamoisaxeba, rogorc Tanamedrove adamian-Ta mcdeloba, realuri movlenebis miRma warmoisaxos maTi namdvili saxe. ticiani amas gaiazrebs, rogorc `miTis qmnas~. es aris ara mibruneba qristianobamdel miTosur samyaros-Tan, aramed axali miTologiis, rogorc warmosaxuli sam-yaros Seqmna~ (tabiZe 1999: 82). Tumca, isic unda aRvniSnoT, rom ticiani ar aris aTeisti, is uars ambobs qristeze, mag-ram cdilobs sxva RmerTis moZiebas (da zogjer mas winapar-Ta sarwmunoebaSi eZebs – mag. leqsi `qaldeas mze~).

gansxvavebulia terenti granelis msoflxedva. igi aRi-arebs qristes, xSirad Tavsac adarebs: `rogorc qriste, vi-xedebi maRla, albaT CemTvis amzadeben kubos~ (graneli 2012: 255). misi poezia gajerebulia qristianuli simbolikiT. po-ets eWvi ar Seaqvs RmerTis arsebobaSi, piriqiT, xSirad mi-marTavs mas da daxmarebasa da mfarvelobas SesTxovs:

o, viyri muxlebs, sinanuliT Sen gevedrebi,

me gaWirvebuls da sacodavs, RmerTo, Seminde!

(graneli 2012: 8)

yvelgan RmerTia,/ RmerTo! damicav.

(graneli 2012: 71)

RmerTo! nu SemSli, Zala momeci,

RmerTo! me ukve gavcildi sazRvars;

(graneli 2012: 81)

terentis sjera, rom mxolod uflis saSualebiT moipo-vebs sulier simSvides. mis leqsebSi gvxvdeba locvis moti-vic: àxla Ramea da me vloculob~ (graneli 2012: 193). amav-droulad, graneli miiCnevs, rom poetoba da gadatanili tanjva mas qristes gverdiT daumkvidrebs adgils.

299

roca terenti granelis cisferyanwelebTan mimarTe-bas ganvixilavT, aucileblad unda vaxsenoT misi miZRvniTi leqsebi tician tabiZisa da valerian gafrindaSvilisadmi.

`mTawminda~ 7-marcvliani (4/3) sazomiT aris dawerili da jvaredinad gariTmuli. igi ticians eZRvneba:

rogorc landi, ise varda es fiqri ar midis,aseTia TvisebaRrubliani amindis.guSin ise vnaRvlobdi,es vardebi rad minda?amovedi maRlobida vewvie mTawmindas.

(graneli 2012: 70)

ratom maincdamainc mTawminda? am saxes ori ganmarte-ba SeiZleba, moeZebnos. erTi, rom simbolisti poetisTvis damaxasiaTebelia amaRlebulisken swrafva da miwisgan gan-Soreba, mTawminda ki sworedac amaRlebulia. ufro metic, es poetebis mTaa, adgili, sadac poezia mefobs da udidesi qarTveli Semoqmedebi ganisveneben (àq marxia orive – akaki da ilia~), granelisTvis ki, rogorc vTqviT, poezia wmindaTa-wmindaa. igi Sepyrobilia poeziiT. ternetis leqsebis kiTx-visas Tavisuflad SegviZlia, gavimeoroT paolo iaSvilis sityvebi: àr aris tanjva ufro uzarmazari, rogorc poetis STagonebiT dasneuleba~ (iaSvili 2010: 89). sad unda mouxmos ticians granelma, Tu ara mTawmindaze? poeti wers: `rogorc RmerTi ise var da es fiqri ar midis~. poeziis saufloSi igi yovlisSemZled grZnobs Tavs, amqveynisgan ganridebulad da amavdroulad, gvaxsenebs: àseTia Tviseba Rrubliani amin-dis~. am sityvebiT TiTqos realobaSi gvabrunebs, migvi-TiTebs, rom es arc warmosaxvaa da arc fantasmagoria, yve-laferi sinamdvileSi xdeba. rogorc vTqviT, granelisTvis poeziis warmosaxviTi samyaro iseTive realobaa, rogoric materialuri arseboba. sainteresoa, rom xSirad terenti Tavs mitovebul bavSvs uwodebs: `suls martooba unda, mar-to viqnebi awi./ anda cudia gana – davrCe bolomde bavSvi?~ (graneli 2012: 227), anda: `vici, qariSxals ver davewevi, vici,

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davrCebi bolomde bavSvi~ (graneli 2012: 229). msgavsi gaaz-reba ticianTanac gvxvdeba: `vin momiyvana, vin gamiSva am baRSi bavSvi?...~ (tabiZe 1999: 30). es saxe SesaniSnavad gadmogvcems uzarmazari, udabnod qceuli samyaros pirispir martod darCenil poetTa umweobas, miusafrobas.

`qalaqis baRi~ valerian gafrindaSvils eZRvneba. leqsi 10-marcvliani simetriuli sazomiT aris dawerili, riTma isev jvaredinia:

viyavi erTi, dRe iyo dididafiqrebuli videq naZvebTanSors midioda saRamos bindida maSin zeca imeds maZlevda.

(graneli 2012: 248)

gameoreba, romelic granelis poeziis erT-erTi maxasi-aTebeli mxatvruli xerxia, leqsis emociur fons aZlierebs. yoveli katrenis meoTxe striqoni iwyeba `da~ kavSiriT, romelic kompoziciurad da emociurad kravs mTel leqss. poeti saubrobs Tavis martosulobaze, ixsenebs mtanjvel warsuls, roca pirvelad ganicada sikvdili (dedis gar-dacvaleba). aq isev gvxvdeba bavSvis saxe – `da iyo sxva dro, me rogorc bavSvi/ davemorCile saSinel iRbals~ (graneli 2012: 248), romelic, rogorc vTqviT, mis umweobas usvams xazs (Tumca terenti umweoa, rogorc martosuli, miusafari adamiani, magram miiCnevs, rom Zalian didi da Zlevamosilia, rogorc poeti); am gancdas amZafrebs qalaqis baRSi ucnobis mier dakruli `Tavi Cemo~. poeti aRniSnavs, rom `zeca imeds aZlevda~. terentis leqsebSi mxolod sasowarkveTa rodi gvxvdeba, zogjer sicocxlis wyurvilic ielvebs, magram, umetesad, imis imedi gamosWvivis, rom poeti sxva samyaroSi (zecaSi) damkvidrebas SeZlebs. swored es rwmena ataninebs martoobis tkivilebs – ukeTesi momavlis molodini, Tumca igi sikvdilisken miaqanebs.

terenti, umTavresad, swored sikvdilisa da maradiso-bis, miwisa da zecis, amqveyniuri da mesame gzis (sxva plane-tis/ganzomilebis) problematikas uRrmavdeba. sayuradReboa misi ferTa simbolikac, poeti xSirad axsenebs TeTrs, lur-jsa da cisfers. es ferebi mWidrod ukavSirdeba simbolizms.

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rogorc vnaxeT, granelsa da cisferyanwelebs sakmaod bevri aqvT saerTo, magram maTs msoflxedvaSi Zireuli gans-xvavebac TvalsaCinoa. isini aRiareben poeziis umaRles da-niSnulebas; amavdroulad, terentis SemoqmedebaSi vlin-deba is sevda da martosuloba, romelic simbolistebisTvis ase maxasiaTebelia, am qveynidan gaqcevisa da sxva samyaros moZiebis motivi da dedamiwis gadaazreba udabnod. magram gansxvavebiT cisferyanwelebisgan, terentisTvis martooba, gariyuloba, poza an niRabi rodia, es misi realuri sulieri ganwyobilebaa. cisferyanwelTa SemoqmedebaSi bevri ram xe-lovnuri, dadgmuli iyo, msgavsi ram ar gvxvdeba granelTan. igi uaRresad gulwrfelia Tavis leqsebSi da poeziisa da maradiuli samyaros (zecis an sxva planetis) Ziebis garda, sxva TemebiT TiTqmis ar interesdeba. umTavres miznad ze-caSi damkvidreba dausaxavs, radgan gaqrobis, ararad qce-vis SiSi amoZravebs da sikvdils amis winapirobad miiCnevs. dedamiwis warmavloba cxovrebas azrs ukargavs misTvis da mTeli arsebiT simaRles, maradiulobas mieltvis. es Zieba da cxovrebisgan/adamianebisgan gaucxoeba granelisTvis sisx-lxorceulia. amasTanave, poeti Rrmad morwmunea da RmerTis mfarvelobis imedi aqvs, gansxvavebiT simbolistebisgan.

rogorc viciT, mogvianebiT cisferyanwelebma gadaux-vies TavianT principebs, romelTac TavgamodebiT icavdnen da miwisken dabrunebis motivi Semoitanes, terenti ki Tavisi ideebis erTguli darCa ukanasknel amosunTqvamde – igi yo-velTvis mxolod cisken miiswrafvoda.

damowmebani:

graneli 2012: graneli t. leqsebi, werilebi, Canawerebi. Tbilisi: `palitra~L, 2012.

iaSvili 2010: iaSvili p. qarTuli poezia – paolo iaSvili, valerian ga-frindaSvili. Tbilisi: `saojaxo gamomcemloba~, 2010.

mamforia 1997: mamforia g. terenti granelis poezia. Tbilisi:1997.nakudaSvili 1997: nakudaSvili n. literaturuli mimdinareobebi.

Tbilisi:1997.tabiZe 1985: tabiZe t. leqsebi, poemebi, proza, werilebi. Tbilisi:

`merani~, 1985.tabiZe 1999: tabiZe t. sonetebi, rCeuli leqsebi, esse. Tbilisi: `mec-

niereba~, 1999.

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interviu leri alimonakTan

Tamarela woworia: Zvirfaso radiomsmenelebo, dRes Cven SemogTavazebT saubars terenti granelze. poetis pirovne-basa da Semoqmedebaze sasaubrod studiaSi gvewvia misi bi-ografosi batoni leri alimonaki.

leri alimonaki: mogesalmebiT!

Tamarela woworia: madloba mobrZanebisaTvis, batono leri. dRes erTad gavixsenoT terenti granelis Semoqmede-bisa da cxovrebis etapebi. Cveni TaobisaTvis terenti graneli tabuirebuli pirovneba iyo. skolebsa da umaRles saswavleb-lebSi ar iswavleboda. mere, rodesac gamoCndiT misi biogra-fosi da mematiane leri alimonaki, da gamovida Tqveni wignebi, bevri ram naTeli gaxda. Tavdapirvelad, Tqveni gvaric fsev-donimis asociacias qmnida. leri alimonaki werda terenti granelze...……iyo amaSi raRac saidumloca da romantikulic. minda gkiTxoT: rodis dainteresdiT terenti granelis cxov-rebiTa da poeziiT? Tu SeiZleba, Soridan daviwyoT.

leri alimonaki: Tqven brZaneT, ar iswavlebodao da, ram-denadac vici, dResac ar iswavleba umaRles saswavleblebSi. arc is vici, aris Tu ara Setanili saxelmZRvaneloebSi.

Tamarela woworia: cnobilia, rom dRevandel saskolo saxelmZRvaneloSi Setanilia `gazafxulis saRamoa mSvidi~...

leri alimonaki: es mwiri masalaa. mogexsenebaT, komu-nisturi cenzura moqmedebda da saxelmZRvaneloebSi, aba, rogor Seitandnen, maSin kbiliT gagvqonda yvelaferi. dRes, Tu amis neba da survilia, Tuki gvaqvs pativiscema poetisad-mi, saxelmZRvaneloSic unda iyos.

iciT, garegani faqtorebi, rasakvirvelia, iyo, ramac ga-napiroba Cemi daintereseba terenti graneliT. amis axsna pir-dapiri materialuri kavSirebiTY Zalian Znelia. niadagi rom

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ar yofiliyo Semzadebuli, albaT, rTuli iqneboda terenti granelis mimarT aseTi damokidebuleba mxolod garegan faq-torebze orientirebiT. axla, roca amdeni dro gavida, SemiZ-lia vTqva – ampartavnebaSi ar CamomarTvaT – raRac bediswe-ruli kavSiri mqonda masTan da es ar iyo mxolod da mxolod literaturuli kavSiri. me ase vfiqrob. ase rom, gareSe faq-torebic iyo, romlebze saubaric Sors wagviyvans.

Tamarela woworia: diax, es Zalian saintereso iqneba Cveni msmenelisaTvis.

leri alimonaki: studentobis wlebi soxumsa da quTais-Si gavatare. quTaisSi myavda bavSvobis megobari guram ga-goSiZe. is mxatvari iyo – brwyinvale fermweri da adre, 53 wlis asakSi, gardaicvala. imxanad marto cxovrobda da Tanatolebi – damwyebi poetebi, mwerlebi, mxatvrebi masTan vikribebodiT. es iyo 60-iani wlebis dasawyisi. cxovrebaSi gamosvlas viwyebdiT da erTnairi interesebi gvqonda. gura-mis gverdiT cxovrobda erTi ufrosi adamiani – arCil Jor-Joliani, romelic arCil seditanis fsevdonimiT aqveynebda leqsebs. iyo germanisti, poeti, mTargmneli, da musikosi – mevioline. Cvens Sekrebas xSirad eswreboda xolme, modioda CvenTan. ufrosi kaci iyo da pativiscemiT vepyrobodiT. erT dRes aseTi ram gvkiTxa: galaktionis Semdeg, vis daasaxelebT yvelaze did poetado? Cven xan tician tabiZe vaxseneT, xan paolo iaSvili, xan valerian gafrindaSvili, lado asaTiani. zogma vin da zogma – vin. graneli aravis gagvxsenebia. es aris terenti granelio da misi ori-sami leqsi zepirad Tqva. rodesac TbilisSi Camovedi, moviZie 1961 wels elizbar ubi-lavas mier gamocemuli wigni. yovelTvis vambob amas da axlac vityvi, rom es wigni iyo didi movlena, radgan poetis irgvliv 25-wliani dumilis Semdeg, misi leqsebis gamocema, ukve mov-lenas niSnavda. 1961-Si totalitarul reJims jer kidev didi Zala hqonda. faqtobrivad, Cemma Taobam da Zvelma Taobamac, swored am wigniT gaicno terenti graneli. Semdeg, rasak-virvelia, daviwye kvleva da moviZie misi sxva Zveli wignebi. esenia: `sulidan saflavebi~, “Memento mori”.

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misi biografiis kvlevac Zalian saintereso aRmoCnda. Tqven weRan dabadebis TariRis Sesaxeb mkiTxeT da pirveli, rac gavakeTe, saflavis moZieba iyo. vicodiT, rom is dakrZa-luli iyo petre-pavles sasaflaoze. mTeli dRe veZebe da ver mivageni, Semdeg taZarSi Sevedi. vnaxe winamZRvari mama Sio (TurqaZe) da vuTxari, terenti granelis saflavs veZeb-meTqi. man miTxra, rogor ara, aqve ariso. rogorc gairkva, mas gadaurCenia es saflavi. gamiyvana taZarTan marcxena mxares da oci nabijis moSorebiT iyo misi samare. warwera da sura-Ti aRar hqonda. mxolod suraTis dasamagrebeli baliSi iyo SemorCenili, romelzec ewera TariRebi da sityvebi – àra sicocxle, ara sikvdili, aramed raRac sxva~. qvaze dabade-bis TariRad ewera 1897 weli. Semdeg, Ziebisas, centralur arqivSi Semxvda sxva TariRi – 1898 wlis 3 ivnisi. oficia-luri dokumenti es aris. iTqva isic, rom dabadebas taZarSi aformebdnen da SeiZleba gvian Caiwera. damkrZalavi komisiis Tavmjdomare (Tumca es farulad moxda da ar gasajaroebu-la) iyo valerian gafrindaSvili. me ar maqvs monacemebi, gaarkvia man rame amis Sesaxeb, Tu ara.

Tamarela woworia: Zalian saintereso faqti gaixseneT, valerian gafrindaSvili rom iqneboda am komisiis Tavmjdo-mare da ukanasknel gzaze gamcilebeli, es sruliad eWvs ar iwvevs, radgan valerian gafrindaSvilTan is adamianurad iyo dakavSirebuli, megobrobda, TanaugrZnobda, moswonda misi `daisebi~ da werilic ki miuZRvna 1919 wels. TviTon vale-rian gafrindaSvilmac dadebiTad Seafasa misi pirveli wig-ni da uaryo mosazreba, rom terenti graneli sxvis Crdils amofarebuli poeti iyo da isic miuTiTa, rom mas sruliad damoukidebeli xelwera hqonda.

leri alimonaki: ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom es xdeba 1922 wels. es pirveli wigni iyo `sulidan saflavebi~.

Tamarela woworia: terenti graneli miCneulia sauku-nis mistikosad. qarTul poeziaSi is gamoirCeva usazRvro sevdiT. rogor fiqrobT, ram gamoiwvia am axalgazrda adami-anSi es ukidegano sevda?

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leri alimonaki: mapatieT, magram amis axsna martivad ar SeiZleba. 2014 wlis 25-26 ivniss SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis institutSi leqsmcodneobis VII samecniero se-sia terenti granels mieZRvna. vfiqrob, es iyo didi movlena. mkvlevarebma SesaniSnavi moxsenebebi waikiTxes da, vfiqrob, es erT-erTi mniSvnelovani etapia granelis Semoqmedebisa da cxovrebis kvlevis gzaze. es asea. poezias arsad eCqareba. did literaturas arsad eCqareba. rac Seexeba Tqvens kiTxvas, Cven uZlurebi varT da pirdapir pasuxs ver gavcemT am kiTxvas. granels cxovrebam mouwia 20-ian wlebSi, bolSevizmis ruti-naSi, totalitaruli reJimis pirobebSi. is dros daupiris-pirda da droc daupirispirda mas. is iyo absoluturad sxva movlena. uRmerTo xanas daupirispirda adamiani, romelic eZebda dakargul RmerTs, RmerTs eZebda Tavis TavSic, sul raRacas ixsenebda, TiTqos sxva planetidan iyo mosuli, iqa-uroba axsovda, iqaur baRebze laparakobda. es Zieba gansazR-vravs mis mistikas da Tumca mxolod drois aspeqtiT misi amoxsna da amocnoba SeuZlebelia. es iqneboda misi Semoqmede-bis SezRudva. Tu gnebavT, xSirad ise xdeboda, rom eqscese-bis dros, apatimrebdnen kidec, erT strofs gavixseneb, sadac ambobs: ès cixe CemTvis ra saWiroa, rodesac miwa CemTvis ci-xea~. amovideT am citatidan da unda vivaraudoT, rom yofi-ereba misTvis miwierebaa. rogorc hamleti ambobs, rom `dania sapyrobilea~, oRond granelma gaafarTova sazRvrebi da miwa aRiara sapatimrod. is eZiebs sxva samyaros, aramiwier, ara-materialur, araxorciels, aman warmoSva konfliqti da es, faqtobrivad, dapirispireba iyo im epoqalur drosTan. amis axsna ar aris Zneli. terenti graneli daupirispirda saerTo ideologias, rutinas. isini Savma wyalma waiRo axla. ara mxo-lod terentis, galaktionsac gauwames sicocxle...… da vis aRar ebrZodnen?

Tamarela woworia: poetis bavSvoba minda gavixsenoT. is TurmeUQ Zalian gamoirCeoda Tanatolebisgan. skolaSi ni-Wierebisa da akademiuri moswrebis gamo `mowafeTa mefes~ uwodebdnen. is saganmanaTleblo periodi, romelic moma-valma poetma iakob Sanavas biblioTekaSi gaiara, ukvalod ar

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gamqrala. mogexsenebaT, is Raribi ojaxidan iyo. cnobilia isic, rom kvirkveliebs terentis siyrmeSive daewvaT mama-papuri saxli. Cven gvaqvs sxvadasxva poetis saxl-muzeumebi, saidanac Semogvcqeris poetTa mSobliuri sivrce, is garemo, sadac maT gaatares cxovrebis umniSvnelovanesi wlebi maTi bavSvoba da yrmoba. terentis SemTxvevaSi esec ar gvaqvs. ar viciT, sad veZeboT terenti.… Tumca misi sayvareli adgili mainc Tbilisis quCebi iyo, firosmanisa ar iyos, isic quCa-muzeumidan Semogvcqeris. ufro metic, swored aq, quCaSi ikveTeba misi da galaktionis gzebi. galaktionic, mogexse-nebaT, aiRebda Tavis did CanTas da, rogorc samsaxurSi, ise midioda quCaSi... TavisuflebasTan Sesaxvedrad, adamianis gulebTan Sesaxvedrad. amitomac isini xSirad xvdebodnen erTmaneTs, magram, sanam terentisa da galaktionis urTier-Tobas SevexebiT, minda gavixsenoT terentis Camosvla Tbi-lisSi. 1918 wels igi dedaqalaqSi Camodis da aqedan iwyeba Tbilisis siyvarulis istoria. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom is da-avadda Tbilisis siyvaruliT.

leri alimonaki: es saocari siyvarulia. galaktionTanac aris, lado asaTianTanac, sxva poetebTanac, magram aq sul sxva grZnobaa. 1918 wels terenti Camodis TbilisSi da 1918 welsve, gardaicvala firosmanaSvili. terenti 1920 wels ukve sonets uZRvnis mas. es aris qronologiurad pirveli leqsi firosmanze. saocari bedisweruli kavSiria. aq stiqiur niWierebasa da intuiciasTan gvaqvs saqme...

Tamarela woworia: TiTqos, firosmanma Tbilisis quCebi gauTavisufla, gza dauTmo.

leri alimonaki: aravisTan aris firosmanis iseTi gage-ba, rogoric terentis aqvs am sonetSi. SeiZleba iTqvas, aqe-dan iwyeba misi siyvaruli Tbilisisadmi. roca cota xniT samegreloSi midioda, iq ver Zlebda da maleve ukan brun-deboda. Tbilisi TiTqos misi mtanjvelic iyo. aqvs aseTi striqonebic, radgan poeti versad eteoda. xom ver warmoid-

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gen terenti granels halstuxian, respeqtabelur adamianad, romelsac CanTa uWiravs xelSi, midis samsaxurSi, Sromobs, raRacas akeTebs? es sxva movlena, sxva stiqia iyo da ase unda davinaxoT. aseT adamians Adedis gardacvalebac asvams daRs, magram es mainc ganmsazRvrelad ar mimaCnia. weRanac vTqvi, rom Tavisi cxovrebis formulebi TviTonve aqvs mocemuli striqonebSi: `rom ver SevZeli gasvla miwidan, es ukve niSnavs gardacvalebas~. aris yofiereba, amxela samyaro, Semecneba da aris TviTSemecneba. dgas adamiani, ufali da yofiereba. ai, es samkuTxedi unda gaviazroT, roca terenti granelis Semoqmedebis swori analizis gakeTeba gvinda. sxvaTa Soris, me vici, rom 1925 wels Salva nucubiZes erT leqciaz uTq-vams, rom Tanamedrove poeziaSi terenti graneli udidesi mistikosi poetiao. me mindoda masTan Sexvedra da rodesac Sin vewvie, avad iyo. misma meuRlem miTxra, erT kviraSi gam-oiareo, magram, samwuxarod, maleve gardaicvala da Sexved-ra ver movaxerxe. mere mis qaliSvils velaparake – Tamars. man miTxra, rom Salva nucubiZes Canawerebi ar hqonda. Tumca dampirda – Tu sadme Semxvdeba es mosazreba dafiqsirebuli, aucileblad mogawvdiTo.

Tamarela woworia: albaT, Salva nucubiZe icnobda te-rentis, radgan cnobilia, rom terenti granelma 1922 wels daamTavra mis mier gaxsnili kursebi. mogexsenebaT, am peri-odSi Zalian popularuli iyo simbolizmi. ras gaixsenebT, terenti da simbolizmze.

leri alimonaki: es saintereso droa: edgar po, franguli da rusuli simbolizmi... dgeba axali epoqa, axali kanonzo-miereba iRviZebs samyaroSi, msoflioSi ganaxlebis xana iwye-ba. simbolozmi jer ruseTSi gaxda popularuli, Semdeg es Zvrebi saqarTveloSic gamovlinda. miuxedavad imisa, rom eWviT vuyureb jgufur Semoqmedebas, “cisferyanwelebma” udidesi misia Seasrules. maT dRemde SeinarCunes TavianTi saxe, TavianTi leqsi – qarTuli leqsi. akakis epigonizmSi ix-rCoboda imdroindeli poezia. maT ki gadaarCines da Semo-

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atriales qarTuli leqsi. galaktions, saerTodac, qarTuli leqsis ganaxlebis udidesi misia daakisra RmerTma. is rom ara, vin icis, sad viqnebodiT. garda imisa, rom TviTon udide-si poetia, poeziis mxsnelis rolic Seasrula.

Tamarela woworia: viciT, rom terenti graneli ar iyo `cisferyanweli~. Tqven xom ar gaqvT rame Canaweri, an aqamde ucnobi ram maxasiaTebeli am periodis granelis Semoqmdebisa?

leri alimonaki: amis Sesaxeb ar maqvs informacia. arc galaktioni gaxda `cisferyanweli~. maT TavianTi ordeni Camoayalibes, TiTqos arc aravin undodaT sxva... galaktioni ki undodaT, magram es Tavad man ar isurva.

Tamarela woworia: `cisferi yanwebis~ pirvel nomerSi, 1916 wels, galaktionis unebarTvod dabeWdes ori leqsi, `mTawmindis mTvare“ da `lurja cxenebi~. amiTi undodaT aemaRlebinaT TavianTi Jurnalis prestiJi. gaxmaurebuli ambavia, galaktions ar moswonebia es Jesti.

leri alimonaki: Tumca, roca terenti graneli TbilisSi Camovida, pirvelad swored galaktionisa da maTdami gamo-amJRavna siyvaruli. is xedavda, rom isinic imiT sunTqvadnen, riskenac mouwodebda suliereba. rogorc gazeT ìaSi~ da Jurnal `kronosis sarkis~ winasityvaobaSi werda, es aRmav-lobis epoqa iyo.

Tamarela woworia: terenti granelis sityvebi gavix-senoT, misi araCveulebrivi naTqvami: àra sicocxle, ara sikvdili, aramed raRac sxva~. samecniero sesiaze, romelic SoTa rusTavelis literaturis institutSi moewyo, batonma levan bregaZem aRniSna, rom poeziaSi terenti granelis xSir-ad aqvs naxsenebi nacvalsaxelebi: `raRac~ da `viRac~. rogor fiqrobT, vis gulisxmobda am sityvebSi?

leri alimonaki: amaTi personificireba ar SeiZleba ara-viTar SemTxvevaSi. rodesac `lurji baRebis~ Sesaxeb wers,

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ver gaigeb, baRia, Tu terentis mistikuri samyaro. TviT saqarTvelozec ki, romelic absoluturad realisturi fenomenia, erT CanawerSi wers: `me vusmen qarTul galobas da vixseneb saqarTvelos, rogorc uxilavs~. es swored eg-zistencialuri da mistikuri warmosaxvaa, romlis materi-alizeba, gasagneba, dakonkreteba yovlad SeuZlebelia.

Tamarela woworia: rogor fiqrobT, ra gzaa granelis mesame gza?

leri alimonaki: SeiZleba am taeps: àra sicocxle, ara sikvdili, aramed raRac sxva~ – poetis poeziaSive movuZeb-noT gasaRebi. mas imdeni aqvs naTqvami, Tu “garedan” Sevecdeb-iT axsnas, marTali ar viqnebiT. mis poeziaSi moazrebuli es mesame gza – miwieri, materialuri, sagnobrivi samyaros da-Zlevaa. misTvis tragediaa miwaze yofna. es aris mistikuri mesame gza, romelic qarTul poeziaSi ar aris da, ramdenadac vicnob, evropul da rusul poeziaSic ar aris.

Tamarela woworia: amiTac aris gamorCeuli granelis fenomeni. vfiqrob, mas swyuroda zeca, adamianis amosvla sa-maridan, anu RvTaebrivi ukvdaveba. RvTaebrivi ukvdavebaa me-same gza.

leri alimonaki: am fenomenis materializeba SesaZlebeli rom iyos, amas TviTon gaakeTebda. imitom ambobs sityvebs - àra sicocxle~, es `raRac sxva~ Seucnobelia. mudmivad ex-leba kedlebs, niadag eZiebs da SiSi ipyrobs. qristianuli re-ligia gvaZlevs Sinagan energias, raTa sxva samyaroSi gavideT. erTi axalgazrda gaaRiziana Cemma naTqvamma, rom galaktio-nis zegavlena hqonda granels, magram maleve daZlia da Semdeg Seqmna sxva samyaro, Tavisi poeturi sibrZne. nu SegveSindeba stereotipis daZlevis – vTqvaT ̀ sibrZne~. Tu viyenebT ̀ msof-lmxedvelobas~, `sibrZnem~ raRa daaSava? amaswinaT kidev erTxel wavikiTxe emersonis werili uitmenisadmi, romelSic wers, rom sibrZniTa da niWierebiT es wigni aRemateba yovels.

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mas mxedvelobaSi hqonda ara filosofiuri da Teologiuri, aramed poeturi sibrZne, rmelic WeSmaritd aqvs terenti granels. am qalbatons, jer axalgazrdaa da, vurCevdi – saku-Tar gulisTqmas misdios, direqtivebiT Tavs nu daiCagravs.

Tamarela woworia: da isic unda davamato, rom poetis swrafva mesame gzisaken saTaves iRebs religiidan. terenti granelTan qristianoba Sinagani sibrZne iyo, romlis karic keTilma dedinacvalma gauRo. es iyo araCveulebrivi qalba-toni, romelsac sonetic ki uZRvna.

leri alimonaki: es marTlac bediswerulia...

Tamarela woworia: terentis poezia aris erTgvari Zafi miwidan zecisken, sadac daivanebda misi suli. rogor daiwera Tqveni `kviris wirvebi~, araCveulebrivi monografia, grane-lis kidev da kidev Tavidan aRmomCeni?

leri alimonaki: santereso, iciT, ra aris? rodesac `kviris wirvebs~ vwerdi, dagegmili mqonda kvlevis ori mi-marTuleba. TavisTavad, misi pirovneba da biografia unda Semeswavla – es saCqaro saqme iyo. aseve, leqsebi unda Seme-kriba, romlebic arqivebsa da ojaxebSi iyo mimobneuli. es ori mimarTuleba rom ara, dResac veravin dawerda terenti granelis Sesaxeb, araTu me. es iyo 60-70-iani wlebi. 1979 wels jer gamoveci erTtomeuli, xolo 1983 wels gamovida mogo-nebaTa wigni. didxans vamzadebdi Cems Tavs Sinaganad, raTa damewera iseTi wigni, romelic Seefereboda terentis, raTa es ar yofiliyo Sablonuri naSromi. mxolod 1977-1982 wleb-Si davwere `kviris wirvebi~. maSin, rodesac mivxvdi, rom sa-amisod mzad viyavi. rac Seexeba mesame gzis Ziebas, es ar aris martivad gansasazRvri, Tumca, ra Tqma unda, qristianuli religiis roli udidesia. Tu adamiani ar aris qristiani, Tu rwmena mis sulSi organulad ar devs, pozioroba ar gamova. erTma adamianma Tqva, granelTan religiuri rRveva SeiniSne-bao. arada, araviTari rRveva ar aris. vinc kargad waikiTxavs mis Semoqmedebas, kargad gaicnobs mis pirovnebas da am or

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fenomens erTmaneTTan Seajerebs, dainaxavs, rom Cven winaSea religiurad da pirovnulad ganuyofeli adamiani. is Seeja-xa uRmerTo dros da moxda ufro didi konfliqti, vidre Se-iZleba momxdariyo, vTqvaT, renesansis epoqaSi. Tumca mainc moxdeboda, radgan misTvis mTavari materialuri gzis daZ-leva iyo, anu mesame gzisken gasvla. is XXI saukunis poeticaa. me gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi vwerdi amas da, marTlac, dadga XXI saukune da mis Semoqmedebaze weren disertaciebs, ibeWdeba gamokvlevebi, wignebi. es kvleva unda gagrZeldes da grZeldeba kidec. axali Taoba modis da, darwmunebuli var, kidev ufro maRali xarisxis kvlevas warmogvidgenen. me wavi-kiTxe saba metrevelis werili – SesaniSnavia.

Tamarela woworia: da acxadda misi sityvebi: `vici, dro mova Cemi gagebis~.

leri alimonaki: erT adamians vicnob – valentin nikitins, Tbilisel poets, Cemi megobaria. 70-ianebSi gavicani mTarg-mnelobiT kolegiaSi. Targmnida da werda kidec leqsebs. Sem-deg moskovSi wavida da davkargeT erTmaneTTan kontaqti. ar vici, Targmna da gamosca Tu ara, magram VII saerTaSoriso simpoziumis masalebSi vnaxe misi SesaniSnavi werili `litera-tura emigraciaSi~.*

Tamarela woworia: ra ityviT galaktionisa da terentis urTierTobaze? maT erTi saukunis or geniosad aRiqvams bevri.

leri alimonaki: weRanac vTqvi, rom galaktions daak-isra RmerTma mesiis roli. zogi ambobs, rom galaktioni-sTana poeti xuT saukuneSi erTxel ibadebao. es primitiuli gamonaT-qvamia. uflis samyarosTan Cven xeli ar gvaqvs. SeiZ-leba, vaJas drosac ambobdnen amas, magram galaktioni ukve dabadebuli iyo. SeiZleba, axlac dabadebulia vinme. Rmer-Tma qnas! qarTuli poezia Zlieria. galaktioni udidesi po-

* v. nikitinis es werili ibeWdeba am krebulSi. ix. gv.

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etia da, SeuZlebelia, misi gavlena ar ganecada terentis. am stiqiiT Semovida qarTul poeziaSi da es yovlad warmoud-genelia. TviTon galaktions rodesac eubnebodnen, akakis gavlena gaqvso, pasuxobda – ra moxda, akakis gavlena maqvs, CiburdaniZis xom arao? ramdenime leqsi galaktinos uSualo gavleniTac aqvs dawerili. pirvel xanebs vgulisxmob – 1919-21 wlebs. es SeiZleba ufro zogadadac aixsnas – simbolisturi poeziis gavleniT, Tundac, galaktionze, romelic qmnis `lurja cxenebs~. unda aRvniSno, rom misi drois poetebidan mxolod terentim aRiara galaktioni. man 1920 wels dawera, rom qarTuli poeziis renesansSi galaktionma Seitana udide-si wvlili; rom `lurja cxenebi~ Sedevria. es werili dResac gamodgeba galaktionis Semoqmedebis Sefasebis formulad. ar dagvaviwydes, rom terenti zust diagnozs svams jer kidev 1920 wels! mas uyvarda da did pativs scemda galaktions da sikvdilamde is misTvis RmerTi iyo. amas mowmobs misi dRi-uris Canawerebi, misi striqonebi... `galaktioni yovelTvis didi, galaktion zecisken midis~, – aba, ras niSnavs es?

Tamarela woworia: diax, rva leqsi miuZRvna terentim galaktions.

leri alimonaki: galaktionma Seqmna uzarmazari samyaro. rasakvirvelia, es damoukidebeli samyaroa da es unda gvix-arodes. arsebobs tician tabiZis samyaro, paolo iaSvilis samyaro – Tanamedrove poeziasac vgulisxmob. aris terenti graneli, aris giorgi leoniZe, lado asaTiani. isini uyvarT adamianebs. vin ufro metad uyvarT – modiT, amas nu ganvsjiT! kidev kargi, ceka aRar wyvets, vin unda gvaxsovdes da vin – ara. erTma adamianma isic ki Tqva – saeWvoa, hqonda Tu ara ter-entis damoukidebeli poeturi samyaroo. amas Tavad terenti graneli amtkicebs Tavisi SemoqmedebiT. visac ar akmayofi-lebs, SeuZlia daamtkicos sapirispiro, magram amas orgverd-iani moxseneba ar uSvelis. daamtkicos vrceli gamokvleviT da vnaxavT, ramdenad sarwmuno iqneba es mtkicebulebebi.

Tamarela woworia: es namdvilad ar aris saWiro! nebismi-er adamians aqvs samyaroSi Tavisi adgili da, miT umetes, po-

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ets. is am adgils avsebs, isakuTrebs da dro gansazRvravs, vin rogoria.

leri alimonaki: Cven gvyavs 40-iani, 50-iani, 60-iani wle-bis SesaniSnavi poetebi, romlebmac TavianTi individualoba moipoves da es unda gvaxarebdes. ar gvinda Sejibreba. es xom sportuli maraToni ar aris?

Tamarela woworia: ras gvetyviT galaktionisa da te-rentis adamianuri Tanacxovrebis Sesaxeb?

leri alimonaki: terenti TbilisSi CamosvlisTanave da-ukavSirda adamianebs siyvaruliTa da megobrobiT – ufros Taobasac ki. hqonda es unari da sazogadoebasTan misi adap-tacia male moxda. megobrobda 5-6 wliT ufros adamianebTan. mec vmegobrobdi murman lebaniZesTan, oTar mamforiasTan, oTar WeliZesTan, sxvebTan. Cemze 15-17 wliT ufrosebi iyv-nen, magram es ar gamoricxavs megobrobas. daviT kobiZe igo-nebs, terentim iustine abulaZe gamacno – misi megobari iyoo. ramdeni wliT iqneboda terentize ufrosi? galaktionisa da terentis Sesaxebac bevri epizodia mogonebaTa wignSi. or-moc adamianTan erTdroulad xom ver mividodi da yvela pirs xom ar Sekravda? cal-calke werdnen da yvela aRniSnavda, rom erTmaneTs xSirad xvdebodnen. lidia megreliZis, akaki andriaSvilis, geno qelbaqianis, daviT kobiZis, sxvaTa mo-gonebebic gvaqvs – terentis uaxloes megobrebs vgulisxmob. metad saintereso mogonebebia maTi cxovrebis, Sexvedrebis da erTad gatarebuli dReebis Sesaxeb. erTi sityviT, te-rentisTvis galaktioni iyo RmerTi da aseve rom ar yofili-yo galaktionisTvisac, misgan rom ar egrZno siyvaruli, maSin ar imegobrebda. Cven viciT galaktionis xasiaTi. mas Zalian cota megobari hyavda –giorgi quCiSvili, fedia Cudecki da kidev erT-ors Tu davasaxelebT. isic gandegili kaci iyo.

Tamarela woworia: galaktionis 25-tomeuli gamovida da CanawerebSi ori miniaturaa, romelic minda msmenelebs

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gavaxseno: agvistos gavarvarebul mzeSi midis Tbil ZonZebSi gaxveuli kaci. gamvlelelbi kiTxuloben: `vin aris?~ `poeti terenti graneli!~ – ismis pasuxi. Dda meore miniatura TiTqos gagrZeleba, da mas Tamamad SegviZlia vuwodoT leqsi pro-zad. zamTaria. yinavs isev midis axalgazrda kaci, romelic, faqtobrivad, Seumosavia. kvlav kiTxuloben gamvlelebi: ̀ vin aris?~ ès poeti terenti granelia~. Aai, am or momentSi Cans ori ukiduresoba, adamianuri da poeturi damokidebuleba, romelsac samwuxarod, galaktioni verafers uxerxebs, rad-gan TviTonac martosuli da miusafari iyo.

leri alimonaki: me gavixseneb erT istorias. upirve-les yovlisa, veyrdnobi pirvelwyaros. arafris gamogone-ba, mimateba da gamokleba ar SemiZlia. iyo erTi saintereso kaci, daviT TaqTaqiSvili, romelic galaktions sikvdilis wina wlebSi, rodesac poeti saRamoebs marTavda dasavleT saqarTveloSi, Tan axlda, rogorc mdivani. Semdeg man mo-gonebebi gamoaqveyna. quTaisSi, erT-erT skolaSi gamosvlis dros, galaktioni gansakuTebiT aRelvebula. rogorc cno-bilia, igi Zalian nerviulad, caxcaxiT kTxulobda Tavis leqsebs. Semdeg, dadianebis baRSi seirnobis dros, TaqTaqiS-vils ukiTxavs – batono galaktion, ase ram agaRelvaTo. Mmas uTqvams, momagonda rom aq erT dros terenti graneli gamo-sula da avReldio. ai, mec cremli mereva aseT TanagrZnobaze. asea... ori didi poetis cxovreba, asea...

terenti graneli, yvelas mglovari da damtirebeli, ise gadaego im soflad, aravis axlobelTagans ar dautirebia, ar Seubralebia...

Tamarela woworia: Cvens saubarSi sevda gaCnda, sevda aucilebeli... aseTi mogonebis Tanamdevi sevda, aba rogor iqneba aseTi didi poeti dadiodes quCaSi da adamianebma ar icodnen, rom es aris terenti graneli, romelsac aseTi gul-Si Camwvdomi striqonebi aqvs dawerili. mas ebrZoda dro, ebrZoda partiuli nomenklatura da is mainc ar tydeboda. ar tydeboda rogorc pirovneba, rogorc poeti, magram ro-

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demde gauZlebda, amdenma gasaWirma sabolood suramis fsiq-iatriul saavadmyofomde miiyvana.

leri alimonaki: weRanac vTqvi, rom terenti graneli Seejaxa am reJims. sxvaTa Soris, galaktionisa da misi Tao-bis adamianebma, romlebsac vxvdebodi, aRniSnes, rom 1927-28 wlis Semdeg terentis aRarc ucdia leqsis dabeWdva. xvdebo-da, rom misi gza ukve dasrulebuli iyo. arc survili gasCenia da, rogorc ganviTarda movlenebi, Cven viciT. undodaT, rom misTvis suliereba moeparaT. ver mopares, magram amas Seewi-ra. poetis Tavdadeba swored isaa, rom man yvelaferi poezias anacvala. uaryo xorcieli da materialuri sawyisebi da ga-daarCina suli, poezia. vivekanandas aqvs erTgan pesimizmisa da optimizmis Sesaxeb... sul veZebdi amas dasavlur lite-raturaSi da Zalian bednieri viyavi, rodesac aRmovaCine vivekanandasTan – indoeTSi RmerTkacad aRiarebul moaz-rovnesTan. is wers, rom CvenTan ar arsebobs pesimizmisa da optimizmis cnebebi. Cven vimecnebT samyaros da viRebT imas, rac Semodis sulieri gmirobis gziT. amdeni ra salaparakoa xorcieli gmiroba? Tqven maCveneT sulieri gmiroba da muxls moviyri Tqven winaSeo. ase rom, drom ki ara, dro terentim moinela, Tu amas sulieri gamarjvebis niSniT SevxedavT.

60-70-ian wlebSic bevri brZola mWirdeboda. maSinac Tavs esxmodnen – beso JRenti, kalaZe, sxvebi. sxvaTa Soris, rodesac 1968 wels Sevxvdi alio mircxulavas, maleve, 1972 wels gamosca `me da baraTaSvili~ da iqidan amoiRo saSineli striqonebi terentis Sesaxeb. es wlebic brZolis wlebi iyo. terenti granelma am wlebSic gaimarjva. me getyviT erT faqts. SeiZleba daujerebelic iyos, 1968 wels `mnaTobSi~ mivitane werili. elguja maRraZes moewona da dabeWdva undo-da. beso JRentma, irakli abaSiZem, giorgi jiblaZem gailaS-qres amis winaaRmdeg. saSineli recenzia daiwera da werili aRar gavida. ramdenime xnis Semdeg solomon xuciSvili Semx-vda mweralTa kavSiris foieSi. beso ar micnobda da, rodesac Cemi saxeli gaigo, loyaze momefera – Sen xar alimonakio? is werili rom dagvebeWda, yvelas dagviWerdnen, gadaamuSaveo?

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1972 wels me gamoveci terenti granelis cnobili rCeuli. ar maxsovs, es weli iyo, Tu momdevno... raRac ordRiani saR-amo gaimarTa mweralTa kavSirSi. xalxi eswreboda, didi in-teresi iyo da beso JRentma Tqva – bevri vebrZole alimonaks da mainc gamosca es wigni. gana es erT cxovrebad ar Rirso? darbazi gaognebuli iyo, Semdeg taSic daukres besos.

Tamarela woworia: marTlac sainteresoa Tqveni cxovre-ba. amdeni ibrZoleT, iareT uban-uban, kardakar. SexvdiT uam-rav adamians, raTa poetis Semoqmedeba da cxovreba mogetanaT Cvenamde. amisTvis taSic gekuTvniT da Tayvaniscemac.

leri alimonaki: magisTvis ar mikeTebia – RmerTi-rjuli! Aarc premiebisTvis, arc didebisTvis. vin daijerebs, rom 26 wlis biWma movkide amas xeli. axla warmoudgeneli ambavia, iseTi brZola gadavitane. 1979 wels gamoveci granelis wig-ni da dRemde am wignis mixedviT gamoscemen sxva wignebs. terenti graneli Cemi monopolia ar aris, magram elementa-ruli eTika moiTxovs, Tu Cemi gvaris xseneba ar surT, gamo-cemis weli, gamomcemloba da TariRi mainc miuTiTon. aba, ris safuZvelze gamoscemen? wlebis manZilze arqivebSi iares, ijafes, Tu rogor aris saqme?

Tamarela woworia: guldasawyvetia! samwuxarod, Cveni drois senia aseTi damokidebuleba, upativismcemloba uf-rosi kolegebis Rvwlisadmi. Tu gnebavT, garkveuli doziT es plagaitobacaa.

leri alimonaki: plagiatizmi ra SuaSia, es ukulturo-baa. akaki gawerelia maswavlida – wigni Tu ar gWeria xelSi, iqidan citata ar daimowmoo, sxva, waukiTxavi wignidan cita-tis damowmeba ar SeiZlebao.

Tamarela woworia: mecnieruli sindisis sakiTxia! bevri Civis amis gamo...

batono leri, Cveni gadacema dasasrulisken midis. minda, SevafasoT Cveni Sexvedra da is ori dRe, romelic litera-

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turis institutma terenti granels miuZRvna; leqsmcod-neobis VII samecniero sesiaze SesaniSnavad iyo warmoadgeni-li poeti, romelic, rogorc aRvniSneT, XXI saukunis ufroa, radgan misi poezia jer kidev Sesaswavlia. moxsenebebi, rom-lebic movismineT, gvarwmunebs, rom terenti graneli jer kidev elis Tavis gansakuTrebul mkvlevars da mkiTxvels, SeiZleba iseTsac ki, rogoric Tqven xarT. Svilic rom darCenoda poets, verc gaukeTebda granels imdens, rac Tqven misTvis gaakeTeT.madloba Tqven am didi da uxmauro RvawlisTvis.

leri alimonaki: oTar mamforia mexumreboda, aseTi ga-damrCeneli rom myavdes, axlave moviklavdio Tavs!

Tamarela woworia: esec ar aris urigo naTqvami. Tqveni Rvawlis erTgvari Sefasebaa. axlaxan gamovida Canawerebi, romlebic ìnteleqtis~ seriiT gamovida. mainteresebs, aris Tu ara am gamocemaSi rame axali terentis Sesaxeb?

leri alimonaki: yvelafris gamoqveyneba akademiuri ga-mo-cemis saqmea, magram ZiriTadi mainc dabeWdilia. misi bi-ografiis es momenti mxolod ramdenime kacma icoda da da-farulic iyo. es ambavi xinjad mqonda. albaT, waikiTxavdiT wignis Sesavals da iq yvelaferi axsnilia. es werilebi 1917-20 wlebSi ibeWdeboda `walenjixelis~ fsevdonimiT. es iyo gazeTebi: `saxalxo saqme~, `tribuna~, àxali nakadi~, rom-lebsac socialist-federalistebi gamoscemdnen. redaq-torebi iyvnen: aleqsandre wereTeli, simon xundaZe da samson fircxalava. simon yauxCiSvili pasuxismgebeli mdivani iyo im dros, rodesac terenti samuSaod moewyo. TavisTavad, am werilebs SeiZleba ar hqondes iseTi literaturuli Rire-buleba, ramdenadac aq moqalaqis pozicia Cans. 10-ian wleb-Si, mogexsenebaT, amdeni partia, amdeni brZola, amdeni ur-TierTgamomricxavi ram xdeboda. es 17-18 wlis ymawvili ki ar daibna da dadga erovnuli TviTSegnebisa da Rirebulebebis poziciebze. es kargad Cans am werilebSi da es sagulisxmoa,

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radgan, Tu am kavSirs ver davinaxavT, mTlian pirovnebas ver miviRebT. rodesac `kviris wirvebs~ vwerdi, es yvelaferi ukve xelT mqonda.

Tamarela woworia: Zalian sainteresoa, Tundac, fsev-donimi `walenjixeli~, romelic galaktionis miTiTebiT SeurCevia.

leri alimonaki: aris aseTi mosazrebac, Tumca SeiZleba sinamdvile arc iyos. erT versias gavixseneb: TbilisSi Camo-suli iyo italieli diriJori, romelmac dadga opera `qris-tine~. afiSebze ewera misi gvari `graneli~. zogierTi qal-sac ukavSirebs. erTSi darwmunebuli var, Tavad terentis ar moewoneboda `walenjixeli~, radgan is saocari stiqiiT SemoiWra poeziaSi, es ki Sablonuri forma iyo. Cven gvaxsovs àragvispireli~, `Turdospireli~, àbaSispireli~. SeiZleba iyo gran, granulic – `me patara marcvali var~.

Tamarela woworia: wertilsac ki moiazreben granelis fsevdonimis gaSifvrisas.

leri alimonaki: es Cven ar viciT. SeiZleba galaktionmac mouwona. aris aseTi versiac. yovel SemTxvevaSi, galkations rom terentisTan keTili damokidebuleba da siyvaruli akav-Sirebda, es aqac Cans. kidev erT ambavs gavixseneb. terentis saavadmyofoSi yofnis dros galaktions ori axalgazrda estumra. galaktionis meuRles uTxovia – CemodniT midis sadRac da gaekideTo. sadRac duqanSi gadaawydnen. galak-tionma Sin dapatiJa, magram, roca meore dRes estumrnen, ver icno. maTgan erTi xarCilava iyo – walenjixeli. rodesac es gaigo galaktionma, Turme nemsnaCxvletiviT wamoxta da Sewuxebulma Tqva: “me vwuxvar, terenti rom avad aris! qur-daven, Zamiko, terentis, qurdaven!” es istoria pirvelwya-rodan movismine.

Tamarela woworia: Zalian saintereso mogonebaa. ukve SeiZleba SevajamoT dRevaneli gadacema: terenti graneli

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aris udidesi tanjuli. mowame, romelmac mowameobis gziT yvelaferi gaakeTa poeziisaTvis. Cemi saxeli da gvari poezias darCebao da zustad ase moxda.

leri alimonaki: SeiZleba iTqvas, mowameobiT amotvifra Tavisi saxeli da gvari.

Tamarela woworia: Tqven konferenciaze moismineT mu-rad mTvareliZis moxseneba `sigiJe, rogorc xsna~. da, iqneb mouyveT Cvens msmenelebs, rogori iyo suramis fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoSi misi cxovreba. cnobilia, rom iqidan ramden-jerme gamoiqca. adamiani, romelic sruliad Segnebulad ar emorCileboda garkveul wesebs, ar SeiZleba, suliT avadmyo-fad CavTvaloT.

leri alimonaki: me interesiT Sevxvdi am moxsenebas. ba-ton murads davureke da velaparake kidec. Zalian didi simpa-Tia aRmiZra murad mTvareliZem. mis leqsebsac vkiTxulob da saintereso adamiani da moqalaqea. saintereso masala mouZi-ebia. aRniSna, rom, rodesac meored mivedi, ukve gamqrali iyoo misi avadmyofobis istoriao. mec Tavis droze rodesac mivedi asaTianze, maSin saqmidan masala amoviwere. iq aRniSnu-li iyo, rom policias miuTiTebdnen, Tu rogor unda emoqme-daT terentis SemTxvevaSi.

mweralTa kavSiris xeli eria am saqmeSi. xels awerdnen – daapatimreTo, Semdeg – saavadmyofoSi daawvineTo, mere isev miuTiTebdnen - suramSi gadaiyvaneTo. ras niSnavs es? rode-sac meored mivedi, saqaRalde gamqrali iyo. uSiSroeba muSa-obda maSin. kudSi dagvdevda da amitomac gaaqres. kargia, rom murad mTvareliZes aqvs masala suramis fsiqiatriulidan, iq bevri rame ikiTxeba.

Tamarela woworia: dasasrul, minda giTxraT, rom te-renti berZnuli saxelia da “gamsufTavebels” niSnavs, gvari kvirkvelia – uflismiers. aqedan aris kvirikaSvili, kvirika-Ze. es datvirTuloba samyaroSi mosul adamians dabadebidan eniWeba.

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leri alimonaki: Zalian sainteresoa. yvela sityvas Tavi-si konteqsti aqvs, magram epoqalurad Tu gaviazrebT, am si-tyvaSi SeiZleba “poeziis ganmwmendelic” amovikiTxoT.

Tamarela woworia: didi madloba minda gadagixadoT ase-Ti saintereso saubrisaTvis. Tqveni sityvebi minda davimow-mo: terenti werda ise, rogorc cxovrobda da cxovrobda ise, rogorc werda. Zalian didi madloba mas, rom aseTi iyo da aseTad darCa.

leri alimonaki: qalbatono Tamarela, terentis madlo-beli var imitomac, rom man me Camomayaliba da gamzarda. amas vambob sajarod. im adamianebs davukavSirdi, romlebTanac sxva SemTxvevaSi megobruli urTierToba ar meqneboda. es mTeli akademia iyo CemTvis. swored man maqcia im adamianad, romlsac dRes leri alimonaki hqvia. es aris terenti grane-lis, misi cxovrebis, misi Rirsebis, misi kacobis kidev erTi didi madli.

aqve aucileblad unda Sevexo erT mtkivneul garemoebas, rasac adre araviTar yuradRebas ar vaqcevdi, meRimeboda ki-dec. bolo wlebia am garemoebam – Cemi Rvawlis ignorirebam, tendenciis xasiaTi miiRo, da amitom iZulebuli var, cota ram am Rvawlze SegaxsenoT. graneli Cveni erovnuli kulturis saerTo kuTvnilebaa, Cemi monopolia namdvilad ar gaxlavT, RvTis wyalobiT, Tavisufali kaci var ambiciurobisagan, ar miRrRnis guls `me var da Cemi nabadis~ kompleqsi. piriqiT, Tuki Tavis droze vinme gverdiT amomdgomia da am sferoSi raRac ukeTebia (am mxriv, gansakuTrebuli gaxsenebis Rir-sia ingiSer cqitiSvili), an dRes akeTebs, guliT gamxarebia, dauyvedreblad gverdSic amovdgomivar. magram rodesac Sens Rvawls sagangebod SefarviT Tu raRac sulmdabluri meTodebiT ignorirebas uweven, audiereben, namdvilad dag-wydeba kacs guli. amitom, iZulebuli var, zogierTi ram ki-dev erTxel ganvmarto, rom umadurobis vnebam, pirvelobis kompleqsma ar gamoSritos maTi gulebi momavalSi.

terenti granelis cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis Seswav-las jer kidev 1965 wels Sevudeqi (am dros ukve, 1961 wels,

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gamocemuli iyo elizbar ubilavas mier Sedgenili granelis krebuli da es miadvilebda saqmes). kvleva umTavresad oTxi mimarTulebiT midioda:

1. unda Semeswavla 1914-1934 wlebis qarTuli perioduli presa, raTa gamomevlina srulad poetis Txzulebani da masze dawerili werilebi Tu recenziebi.

2. unda damemuSavebina saliteraturo muzeumSi daculi poetis arqivi, misi xelnawerebi. aseve calkeul ojaxebSi Car-Cenili poetis xelnaweri leqsebi.

3. kardakar unda mevlo ojaxebSi, poetis nacnob-megob-rebSi, da meTxova maTTvis, sakuTari xeliT daeweraT (doku-menturi simarTlisaTvis) mogonebebi adre wasul poetze.

4. sxvadasxva arqivebidan da pirvelwyaroebidan unda momeZia poetis biografiul-dokumenturi masalebi.

am muSaobam TiTqmis 12-15 weliwads gastana. Tu ra kolosa-luri Sromaa Catarebuli, amaze daskvnis gamotana TqvenTvis momindvia.

am mimarTulebebidan moZiebuli masala unda damexaris-xebina, damelagebina, da rac mTavaria, es yvelaferi unda re-alizebuliyo, anu wignebad gamocemuliyo.

gaixseneT, ra wlebi iyo?! – 60-iani, 70-iani wlebi. jer kidev mZlav robs totalitaruli reJimi, komunisturi cen-zura, obivatelizmi, rutina. retrogradulad ganwyobil redaqtor-gamomcemlebTan Zalian Zneli iyo saubari. am mxriv, winaaRmdegoba marTlac aSkara iyo, Tumca ukan ar da-mixevia. intuicia mkarnaxobda Tu raRac sxva Zala, ar vici, erTi rwmeniT viyavi gamsWvaluli – vicodi, rasac vakeTebdi. im daskvnis gakeTebac TqvenTvis momindvia, Tu ra winaaRmde-gobebis daZleva momixdeboda am eklian gzaze.

gTavazobT Cem mier gamocemuli wignebis bibliografias:

terenti graneli, lirika, sabW. saqarTvelo, 1972 (Semd-1. genel-redaqtori l. alimonaki, mxatvari daviT dundua).terenti graneli, rCeuli, sabW, saqarTvelo, 1979 (Semd-2. genel-redaqtori l. alimonaki, mxatvari giorgi qlibaZe).

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terenti graneli, leqsebi (1-li tomi), merani, 1990 (Sem-3. dgenel-redaqtori l. alimonaki, mxatvari mzia dedanaS-vili).terneti graneli, rCeuli, xomli, 1997 (Semdgenel-redaq-4. tori l. alimonaki, mxatvari gogi wereTeli).Cemi cxovreba mxolod leqsia (mogonebaTa wigni), nakadu-5. li, 1984 (Semdgenel-redaqtori l. alimonaki, redaqtori sargis caiSvili, mxatvari karlo faCulia).daTovlili sanTeli (mogonebaTa wigni), leTa, 2013 (Semd-6. genel-redaqtori l. alimonaki, mxatvar-dizaineri manana tatalaSvili).leri alimonaki, granelis landi (memuarebi), xomli, 1998 7. (mxatvari karlo faCulia).leri alimonaki, granelis landi (memuarebi), inteleqti, 8. 2012 (mxatvar-dizaineri Teona WaniSvili).leri alimonaki, kviris wirvebi (biografiul-esseisturi 9. romani), merani, 1983 (mxatvari mzia dedanaSvili).leri alimonaki, kviris wirvebi, nakaduli, 1988 (mxatvari 10. daviT grigolia).leri alimonaki, kviris wirvebi, merani, 1991 (mxatvari mzia 11. dedanaSvili).leri alimonaki, kviris wirvebi, inteleqti, 2013 (mxatvari 12. gogi wereTeli).terenti graneli, vdgavar saocrebis karebTan (Canawere-13. bi), inteleqti, 2013 (Semdgenel-redaqtori leri alimo-naki, mxatvar-dizaineri aleqsandre jiquriZe).

yovelive amas Tu davumatebT daaxloebiT ocdaxuTamde statiasa Tu winaTqmas, calkeul publikaciebs, 1967-1987 wlebSi Jurnal-gazeTebsa Tu wignebSi gamoqveynebuls, da-merwmunebiT, miviRebT grandiozul suraTs. yvelafer amiT fundamenti Cayrilia. me rom axla zedmeti Tavmdabloba gamoviCino, namdvilad metiCrobaSi CamomerTmeva, amitom yovelgvari gadaWarbebis gareSe SemiZlia vTqva: qarTul literaturaSi granelologias, Tuki amgvari ram ukve ar-sebobs, swored am Rvawlma Cauyara safuZveli. da rodesac

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zemoT dasaxelebuli wignebidan Tu statiebidan citata mohyavT, keTili inebon da, eyoT kultura da literaturuli eTika, pirvelwyaro miuTiTon.

Tumca me Sors var im azrisgan, rom am RvawliT, da kidev sxvaTa RvawliT, amoiwura yvelaferi. ufro metic, terenti granelis Semoqmedebis kvleva mecnierul doneze jer arc ki dawyebula, im kompleqsuri miRwevebis safuZvelze, ra safuZ-vlebsac dRes literatura flobs.

me Rrmad mwams, literaturis institutis mier gamoce-muli krebuli, romelic male ixilavs mzis sinaTles, am kvle-vis dasawyisi iqneba.

gadacema Cawerilia sapatriarqos radio ìveriaSi~ FM 104,5-ze. 2014 wlis 27 ivliss. gadacema `codnis gemo~, romlis avtori da wamyvani gaxlavT Tamarela woworia.

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qeTevan qviria

`vici, dro mova Cemi gagebis...~

(terenti granelisadmi miZRvnili leqsmcodneobis

VIII samecniero sesia qarTuli literaturis institutSi)

`leqsi erTi ram aris am soflis saqmeSi~, – ase gansazRvra qarTuli leqsis pirvelma Teoretikosma mamuka baraTaSvil-ma Tavis traqtatSi `WaSniki. leqsis swavlis wigni~, TiTqmis 300 wlis winaT (1731 w.) da dRemde ar Seryeula rwmena Cvens samSobloSi, rom leqsi iseve aucilebelia qarTvelis yo-veldRiurobisaTvis, rogorc locva.

terenti granelis poezias arasodes aklda Tavyvanis-mcemelTa, cnobismoyvareTa da moSurne-mebrZolTa nakadi. pirvelni uyoymanod da daueWveblad aRiarebdnen mis gamor-Ceulobas, poeziisaTvis msxverplSewirulis mantias miakuT-vnebdnen da upirvelesi lirikosis dafnis gvirgvinic ki eme-tebodaT misTvis, Tumca ar aviwydebodaT, rom XX saukunis qarTuli leqsis reformatori galaktion tabiZea da aravin – sxva! meoreni terenti granelis biografias ukirkiteben dRemde gamadidebeli SuSiT, skandaluri intimuri faqtebis gamomzeurebas, Tu avi Worebis, ciliswamebis binZuri talRe-bis Sxefebs akvirdebian da daZmobis siwmindes ucxoeli po-etebis (baironis, Traklis) gaxmaurebuli cxovrebis qroni-kebis mixedviT zomaven da afaseben. mesameni ki pirdapir ebrZvian federalist terenti kvirkvelias da, Sesabamisad, sagiJeTisaken ubiZgeben poet terenti garnels.

XX s. 20-iani wlebis bolodan, kerZod, 1928 wlidan ago-rebuli es talRa dRemde brunavs, zvirTdeba da xmaurobs. 1928 wels, rodesac gasabWoebul, bolSevikur saqarTveloSi mkacrad mosTxoves mweralTa kavSiris mesveurebma sabWoTa platformaze bolomde gadmosvla qarTvel mwerlebs, bevrma far-xmali dayara da iZulebiT, magram mainc miuZRvna leqsebi Tu prozauli Txzulebani axal, socialistur saqarTvelos.

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qaquca ColoyaSvilis idealebis erTgulma TanamebrZol-ma, federalistTa partiis Tanamzraxvelma, Rrma lirikosma da meocnebe poetma terenti granelma ki verc SeZlo da arc isurva, saZulvel sinamdviles Serigeboda; amitomac daiwyo misi eqvswliani, ukompromiso, `Sinagani migracia~ (v. niki-tini) sakuTar sulier samyaroSi. Tbilisidan suramis fsiqia-triul savaadmyofoSi gaZevebulma poetma SesaSuri sulieri simtkice gamoiCina: giJis xalaTiT, fexSiSveli, yvelasgan uaryofili, Seuracxyofili da damcirebuli icavda sakuTar principebsa da poeziis siwmindes.

terenti granelis saxeli oTar WilaZem firosmans dauw-yvila da orives ̀ bednieri tanjulni~ uwoda, xolo leri ali-monakma, niWierma da Rrma sulierebis pirovnebam, rainduli erTgulebiT, Rirseuli samsaxuri gauwia terenti granels: misi poeziis Sekreba-gamocemas, sulieri biografiis Seswav-las da am originaluri, gamorCeuli poetis saxelis popu-larizacias. SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas, rom Tavisi cxovreba miuZRvna leri alimonakma cxovrebisagan devnili da Tana-medrove sabWouri elitisagan gawiruli terenti granels – poetisa da pirovnebis – gadarCenas. XX s. 70-ian wlebSi (1972, 1979) leri alimonakis redaqtorobiT gamocemuli terenti granelis poezia da rCeuli leqsebi, xolo Semdeg poetis su-lieri biografiis amsaxveli `kviris wirvebi~, batonma lerim rom aCuqa qarTvel mkiTxvels, dRemde fasdaudebelia.

terenti granelis poeziis mimarT interesi gansakuT-rebiT gaizarda XXI saukunis 10-iani wlebidan. SesaZloa, amisi mizezi uaxlesi qarTuli poeziis istoriis axleburi wakiTxvisa da kritikuli gadaTvalierebis survilic iyos. postsabWoTa sinamdvile yvelas Taviseburad ubiZgebs da amzadebs winaparTa Semoqmedebisa da naazrevis kritikulad gadafasebisaken. albaT, Tanamedrove mkiTxvels isic ainter-esebs, ramdenad SeZles imdroindelma poetebma TavianT Tana-medrove borotebasTan, `wiTel urCxulTan~ brZola. amgvari gadakiTxvisas, poetur rukaze yovelTvis elvarebs terenti granelis `suli – sxeulis Cumi tusaRi~ da ikveTeba poetis natvra:

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am saukunes xom gascildeba

Cemi tanjuli sulis tkivili.

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo uni-versitetis SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis insti-tutSi 2008 wlidan, yovelwliurad, mais-ivnisSi, imarTeba qarTuli leqsmcodneobis samecniero sesia; igi erT rome-lime qarTvel poets eZRvneba; 2008 wels, ana kalandaZis gar-dacvalebis wels, igi ̀ ana dedofals~ mieZRvna, mere ki – lado asaTians, giorgi leoniZes, muxran maWavarians, `cisferyan-welebs~, ioseb griSaSvils...

2014 wlis 25-26 ivniss ki, qarTuli leqsmcodneobis sesi-is monawileni, terenti granelis leqsis idumalebis, misi leqsis metrikisa da semantikis, ferTametyvelebis, leqsi-kis, galaktionisa da terenti granelis leqsTa Sedareba-ana-lizisa da sxva sakiTxebis mosasmenad, msjeloba-kamaTisaTvis Seikribnen. cnobil mecnierebTan erTad, TavianTi naSrome-bi warudgines sazogadoebas ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis humanitaruli fakul-tetis doqtorantebma da magistrantebma: gubaz leTodi-anma, linda cicqiSvilma, salome lomourma, mariam enuqiZem, lana grZeliSvilma da sxvebma. ilia WavaWavaZis universite-tis doqtorantma nunu balavaZem ki terenti granelis he-terosilaburi, araTanabarmarcvliani sazomiT Sesrule-buli leqsi `Sens gaqcevas~ gaaanaliza. am, uCveulo ritmiTa da intonaciiT Sesrulebul, leqsSi poeti warmogvidgeba `rogorc bavSvi, SiSiT daRlili~.

terenti granelis wminda, SeubRalavi, bavSvurad gaoce-buli suliT dawerili leqsebis Taobaze isaubres leqsmcod-neobis samecniero sesiaze filologiis doqtorebma: zoia cxadaiam, qeTevan elaSvilma, luara sordiam, Tamarela wowo-riam, marika jiqiam, Sorena qurTiSvilma, zeinab sariam, naTia sixaruliZem, murad mTvareliZem, ana leTodianma da sxvebma. cnobilma kritikosma, leqsmcodnem, filologiis doqtorma levan bregaZem isaubra metad sagulismo Temaze: `sadRac~ da `viRac~ terenti granelis SemoqmedebaSi.

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leqsmodneobis samecniero sesiebis organizatori da krebul `leqsmcodneobis~ redaqtori, filologiis mec-nierebaTa doqtori, profesori Tamar barbaqaZe terenti granelis leqswyobis Taviseburebaze esaubra SekrebilT. terenti granelis sonetebi, misi daxvewili leqsebi, e.w. `leqs-kristalebi~, poetis leqsis uCveulo intonacia, T. bar-baqaZis azriT, samomavlod ufro met qarTvel leqsmcodnes miizidavs kvlevisa da saTanado daskvnebisaTvis.

gansakuTrebiT saintereso aRmoCnda 26 ivniss gamarTu-li Sexvedra leri alimonakTan, romelmac isaubra Temaze: `terenti graneli da misi Tanamedroveni~. iTqva, rom poets arc sicocxleSi aklda moZuleni da arc sikvdilis Semdeg iyo advili misTvis saTanado adgilis damkvidreba qarTuli poeziis istoriaSi. `mrgvali magidis~ monawileTa saubri-sas gamoikveTa winaaRmegoba filologiis mecnierebaTa doq-toris, profesor zaza abzianiZis Tvalsazrissa da terenti granelis poeziis mkvlevarTa, leqsmcodneobis seminaris monawileTa (zoia cxadaia, zeinab saria da sxvani) Sexedulebas Soris. keZod, zaza abzianiZe Tavis moxsenebaSi ùcnobi ter-enti~ da Semdeg ̀ mrgvali magidis~ diskusiis drosac, mtkiced icavda Tavis azrs imis Taobaze, rom XX s. 20-iani wlebis Wori terenti granelis biografiis Taviseburi gaazrebis gamo (poetis siyvarulis, gatacebis), cnobili unda iyoso farTo sazogadoebisaTvis. zoia cxadaia ki, savsebiT samarTlianad, svamda kiTxvas: Cans Tu ara terenti granelis lirikaSi am binZuri Woris damadasturebeli striqonebi? SeiZleba Tu ara, Tundac striqonebs miRma, am akrZaluli, miuRebeli siy-varuliT gamowveuli tanjvis amokiTxva?

leqsmcodneobis seminaris monawileTaTvis saeWvo ar aRmoCnda neoromantikosi poetis leqsebSi debisadmi ga-momJRavnebuli unazesi grZnoba: gaixsenes grigol orbe-lianis lirikuli Sedevri `Cems das efemias~ da miiCnies, rom sabWouri epoqis sitlanqe da boroteba am mxrivac daundo-beli aRmoCnda wminda sulis lirikosis mimarT.

leri alimonaks didi siyvaruliTa da interesiT usmen-dnen `mrgvali magidis~ monawileni, romelTa saxeliT, te-

328

renti granelis WeSmarit Wirisufalsa da misi poeturi memkvidreobis uangaro mcvels miesalma da gulwrfeli madloba uZRvna SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis institutis mecnier-TanamSromelma, filologiis doqtorma saba metrevelma. sagulisxmoa, rom terenti granelis 115-e wlisTavis saiubileod, 2013 wels, qarTuli literaturis institutis mier gamocemul `literaturul ZiebanSi~ (XXXIV) dabeWdilma saba metrevelis samecniero statiam `poeziis umanko msxverpli – terenti graneli (Strixebi Semoqmedebi-Ti da fsiqologiuri portretisaTvis)~ qarTuli leqsmcod-neobis sesiis monawileTa gansakuTrebuli mowoneba daimsaxura.

aqve gaixsenes is wignebi da literaturuli werilebi, romlebic terenti granelis poeziis idumalebis amoxsnis warmatebul cdebad SeiZleba miiCnios qarTvelma sazogadoe-bam: leri alimonakis Rvawli am mxriv, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, sruliad gamorCeulia; 2008 wels cnobilma mxatvarma rezo (emeliane) adamiam wigni miuZRvna terenti granels, romlis leqsebi da naxatebi Taviseburad axsna da gaaanaliza avtor-ma gamokvlevebSi: `terenti granelSi zeciuri saxe da sulis kosmiuri kulturaa~, `mgosanSi kosmiuri feTqva da sulieri ngrevaa~, `terenti granelis leqsad moqceva da tkivilad wasvla~. aRniSnes isic, rom givi cqitiSvilis dokumenturi romani `vici, dro mova Cemi gagebis~ obieqturad warmogvid-gens poeziisaTvis msxverplad Sewiruli terenti granelis adamianur tragedias.

poetis winaswarmetyveleba fuWi ar aRmoCnda da XXI sau-kunem terenti granelis Semoqmedebis axali mkvlevarebi da axali perspeqtiva warudgina qarTuli leqsis Tayvanismcem-lebs leqsmcodneobis merve samecniero sesiaze, romlis ma-salebi, krebulis saxiT, male daibeWdeba.

gaz. `mediatori~, 2014, № 5, agvisto, gv. 11-12.

329

sarCevi

mirza gelovaniterenti granels..................................................................................5

lado asaTiani1939 wlis zamTari................................................................................6

zviad gamsaxurdiaciklidan `terenti graneli~...........................................................7

Tornike gogniaSviliterenti granels..................................................................................8

Tamar barbaqaZeterenti granelis leqsi...................................................................9

terenti granelis saleqso formebi(versifikaciuli formebi)1979 w. `rCeulis~ mixedviT..............................................................27

Tamar barbaqaZeterenti granelis sonetebi...........................................................59

levan bregaZe`sadRac~ da `viRac~ terenti granelis SemoqmedebaSi.................................................66

qeTevan elaSviliimqveyniuri samyaros `mxatvruli ena~(terenti graneli)..............................................................................75

qeTevan enuqiZeEevfonia terenti granelis poeziaSi...........................................80

330

ana leTodianiyviTeli feris gaazrebisaTvis terenti granelis poeziaSi............................................................86

gela mamforiavariantebi da Tematuri variaciebi(terenti granelis xelnawerTa mixedviT)...............................95

irine maniJaSvili siCumis esTetika terenti granelis poeziaSi..........................................................100

saba metrevelizecisa da poeziis rwmena...............................................................109

murad mTvareliZesigiJe, rogorc xsnaterenti granelis sulis tragedia...........................................117

valentin nikitini„Sinagani emigracia“ terenti graneliscxovrebasa da poeziaSi..................................................................129

zeinab sariagraneli – qarTuli poeziis erTi ganumeorebeli xma da feri................................................148

naTia sixaruliZegalaktioni da terenti graneli(zogierTi ram poetur sidideTa gamo)....................................165

luara sordiaterenti granelis enigmebi...........................................................170

luara sordia„isev siSoris cecxli mizidavs“..................................................177

331

Sorena qurTiSviliterenti granelis lirikis sazrisisaTvis...................................................................182

linda cicqiSvilisezonis koncefcia terenti granelis SemoqmedebaSi...............................................190

zoia cxadaiaterenti granelis poeziis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi..........................................................................200

Tamarela woworiaterenti granelis riTma...............................................................243

marika jiqia terenti granelis ena.....................................................................251

* * *

nunu balavaZeterenti granelis erTi leqsis metrika da semantika(`Sens gaqcevas~)................................................................................263

lana grZeliSviliterenti granelis `saRamo~ da `Rame~.......................................270

mariam enuqiZeterenti granelis ritorikuli figurebi.............................279

gubaz leTodianiterenti granelis „faruli vedreba“. strofika da qronotopi................................................................286

332

salome lomouriterenti graneli da cisferyanwelebi.....................................291

interviu leri alimonakTan............................................................302

qeTevan qviria`vici, dro mova Cemi gagebis...~(terenti granelisadmi miZRvnili leqsmcodneobis VIII samecniero sesia qarTuli literaturis institutSi).......................................324

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SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti · ciklidan `terenti graneli~ 11. zena soneti WeSmaritebas eZiebdi cxovreba mTeli, da, aha, hpove akldama da gvirgvini mWknari, sadac