B CNG THNGTRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP. H CH MINH VIN CNG NGH SINH HC THC PHM------o0o------

TIU LUNDINH DNG HC

ti 112: TM HIU CC CHT C HOT TNHCHC NNG TRONG TO CHLORELLAV QUY TRNH CH BIN CHLORELLA

GVHD: H XUN HNGSVTH: H TH M TRINHMSSV: 12022001

TP. H Ch Minh,ngy 23 thng 10 nm 2014

MC LC

LI M UNgy nay con ngi c xu hng s dng thc phm chc nng c kh nng h tr iu tr bnh v phng nga bnh. p ng nhu cu ny cc nh khoa hc, cc chuyn gia chm sc sc khe nghin cu v sn xut ra cc thc phm chc nng. S d thc phm chc nngc kh nng h tr iu tr bnh v phng nga bnh v n c kh nng phc hi tt c cc cu trc t bo trong c th ang b tn thng nh: DIABETNA c chc nng h ng huyt,ngn nga bin chng tiu ng t dy tha canh. Swanson Blood Sugar Support kt hp ca cc hat cht thnh phn: Thiamin (Vitamin B1), Alpha-lipoic acid, Cinnulin PF, Vanadium, Chromium duy tr mc glucose v insulin trong mu c li cho sc khe. vin khp tm bnh h tr iu trthoi ha khp v trong khng th b qua to lc chlorella, mt loi to ngy cng c cc nh khoa hc ch v khai thc sn xut ra thc phm chc nng bi to lc chlorella rt giu protein, vitamin v cc khong cht iu tr huyt p v tim mch, tiu ng, au d dy, thiu mu, suy dinh dng v l do ny nn em chn ti Tm hiu cc hp cht c hot tnh chc nng trong to chlorella v quy trnh ch bin chlorella.Trong qu trnh lm bi vn cn nhiu thiu st mong c v cc bn ng gp kin bi tiu lun em c hon thin hn.Em xin chn thnh cm n.

CHNG I: TNG QUAN V TO CHLORELLA1.1 Lch s to chlorellaChlorella l mt loi rong xut hin cch y 2,5 t nm v l dng sng u tin c nhn tht. Cc ha thch k tin Cambri ch ra s tn ti ca Chlorella thi k by gi. V Chlorella l mt vi sinh vt nn n khng c bit n cho n cui th k 19 v tn ca n cng bt ngun t mt t gc Hy lp, chloros c ngha l mu xanh v ella c ngha l nh b. Chlorella nm trong nhm sinh vt nhn tht ca gii sng nc ngt di dng mt t bo ring l.To chlorella c mt nh sinh vt hc ngi H Lan pht hin ra vo nm 1890. Nhng gi tr dinh dng c bit ca loi vi to nc ngt ny lp tc thu ht s ch ca gii nghin cu. Trong hai cuc Chin tranh th gii, ngi c th dng to lc lm thc phm cho qun i. Tuy nhin, cc kt qu thu c lc khng my kh quanv dng t nhin, to lc rt kh tiu.Sau khi Chin tranh th gii th II kt thc, nc Nht, b tn ph nng n bi hai qu bom nguyn t v kit qu v chin ph ri vo tnh trng i km trm trng. Chnh ph Nht, vi s gip ca Qu Rockefeller cho tin hnh mt nghin cu trn 100 loi thc vt c sn a phng tm ngun cung cp dinh dng cho nhn dn. Cui cng, to lc c chn. Nm 1957, mt vin nghin cu chuyn v to lc c thnh lp ti Nht nhm mc ch tm hiu mi u im c th tn dng c ca to lc khai thc trit loi thc vt ny nh mt ngun cung cp dinh dng tim nng.(Thng tin c ly t mng naturosante.com., unives-nature.com ,mercola.com, gio trnh cao hc cng ngh vi to, tp ch sinh hc, ti liu do GS.TS ng nh Kim- Vin trng vin Cng ngh mi trng, GS.TS Y. Lemoine i hc S phm Pari cung cp )1.2 To chlorella1.2.1 c im phn loi- Nghnh: Chlorophyta- Lp: Chlorophyceae- B: Chlorococcales- H: Oocystaceae- Ging: Chlorella Beijenrinck- Gm 4 loi+ Chlorella minutissima+ Chlorella pyrenoidosa+ Chlorella variabilis+ Chlorella vulgaris

1.2.2 Hnh thi, cu to1.2.2.1 Hnh thiChlorella l loi to n bo, khng c tim mao, khng c kh nng di ng ch ng. T bo c dng hnh cu hoc hnh oval. Kch c t bo t 3 - 5m, hay ngay c 2 - 4m ty loi, ty iu kin mi trng v giai on pht trin. Mng t bo c vch cellulose bao bc, chu c nhng tc ng c hc nh. S thay i ca cc iu kin mi trng nh nh sng, nhit , thnh phn cc cht ha hc trong mi trng s nh hng n hnh thi v cht lng ca t bo to (Trn Vn V, 1995)1.2.2.2 Cu tao:- Chlorella l c th n bo nhng c kh nng t hp th dinh dng v tnghp nn cc cht cn thit cho c th tng t nh 1 c th a bo.- Mi t bo c cu trc gm nhn tht, t bo cht, ht tinh bt, lc lp v ti thvi vch t bo ch yu l cellulose. :+ Nhn tht: L trung tm ca cc qa trnh sinh ha. nhn ca chlorella khong 1-3m. cu trc gm c mng nhn, dch nhn v hch nhn v mng li chtnhim sc+ Lc lp: C dng hnh chn, cha cc sc t chlorophyll, thc hin qu trnhquang hp. lc lp phn b gia hay st vch t bo v l c quan duy nht chaht tinh bt ca Chlorella+ T bo cht: l thnh phn chnh trong t bo chlorella. l nhng cht nhytrong sut, dng ht, khng mu cha y bn trong thnh t bo. t bo cht ctnh thm ( c kh nng hp th cc cht khc nhau t mi trng xung quanh quamng t bo). t bo cht c c im d cm ng iu kin mi trng xungquanh nh hng n tnh cht sng ca chng.+ Thnh t bo: mng t bo ch dy 100 A0 trn bao v c cc l thnh t bo chimkhong 13-15% trng lng kh ca t bo.1.2.3 Sinh sanTo Chlorella sinh sn rt nhanh, trong 3 gi to lc nc ngt c kh nng tng gp i mt . To Chlorella khng c s sinh sn hu tnh. Qu trnh sinh sn c tin hnh nh to nn trong c th m cc t bo t. Ty theo loi to v iu kin mi trng m s lng cc t bo t c th l 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 (thm ch c trng hp to ra 64 t bo t) sau khi kt thc s phn chia, t bo t tch khi c th m bng cch ph hoi mng t bo m. Cc t bo tr ny ln ln v pht trin n giai on chn sinh dc, ton b chu trnh lp li t u (Trn Vn V, 1995). 1.2.4 Sinh dng:- iu kin mi trng sng ti u: nhiu anh sang, mi trng axit yu vakhng khi sach ham lng chlorophyll tng hp c la 28,9g/kg, cao hn bt kiloai thc vt nao trn trai t. Ham lng protein cung co th at trn 50% khilng.- Hiu qua quang hp la 8%- Khng bi virut tn cng1.2.5 Giai on pht trin ca qun th to Tamiya, 1963 (trch bi Sharma, 1998) trong khi nghin cu vng i ca Chlorella ellipsoidea chia lm 4 giai on: - Giai on tng trng: giai on ny cc t bo t s tng nhanh v kch thc nh cc sn phm sinh tng hp. - Giai on bt u chn: t bo m chun b qu trnh phn chia - Giai on chn mi: t bo nhn ln trong iu kin c nh sng hoc trong bng ti. - Giai on phn ct: mng t bo m b v ra, cc t bo t c phng thch ra ngoi. Theo Trn Th Thanh Hin v ctv (2003), vi ch dinh dng thch hp v iu kin l hc thun li qu trnh sinh trng ca to tri qua cc pha sau:

Cc giai on pht trin c trng ca toPha chm: Do s gim trao i cht ca to ging, t bo gia tng kch thc nhng khng c s phn chia.Pha tng trng: t bo phn chia rt nhanh v lin tc, ty thuc vo kch thc t bo, cng nh sng, nhit Pha tng trng chm: s sinh trng ca to b c ch do s thay i mt yu t no .Pha qun bnh: S cn bng c to ra gia tc tng trng v cc nhn t gii hn. Pha suy tn: do dinh dng cn kit, to b suy tn.1.2.6 Mi trng sng: Chlorella sng c vng nc ngt v nc mn. Chngphn b hu ht cc chu lc ( tr bc cc v nam cc )1.3 Cc yu t nh hng n to chlorella+ Anh sang: Cht lng quang ph va chu ki quang co anh hng quyt inh nsinh trng cua tao. Chlorella at c hiu qua sinh tng hp cao nht khi chiuanh sang lin tuc va it bi chi phi bi chu ki sang ti+ Nng mui: mui giam se han ch qua trinh quang hp, h hp va giamtc sinh trng cua t bao chlorella. Chlorella phat trin mui khoang 25.+ Nhit : Chlorella phat trin tt nht nhit 25-28 C. nhit caohoc thp hn chung phat trin chm lai. Nu nhit ln hn 50 C hoc thphn 5 C thi ngng sinh trng hoan toan, cac t bao bi pha huy va khng thsng lai khi chuyn vao mi trng thun li.+ pH: Mc pH thun li cho s phat trin chua chlorella phat trin la 6-6,5, pHnay ngun cac bon v c c ng hoa nhiu nht. PH qua cao hoc qua thp lamgiam thm thu cua mang t bao, lam ri loan qua trinh trao i cht gia c thva mi trng. PH 8,5-9,5 tao vn co kha nng phat trin nhng rt chm, PH10-12 c cht s phat trin cua tao.1.4 Nui trng v thu hochNui trng chlorella ( nui trng trong h thng h v h thng kn)1.4.1 Nui trong h thng h * Ao h t nhin : S dung cac ao h t nhin lam ao nui trng, khng s dunghthng khuy.- u im: Co th nui trng lin tuc, chi phi bo ra thp do khng cn u t xydng h thng h nui va h thng khuy.- Nhc im: Nng sut thp va khng am bao v sinh.* H thng b trn : Nui trng chlorella trong cac b tron co h thng khuync- u im: nng sut cao- Nhc im: Chi phi xy dng cao, tiu tn nng lng do s dung may khuy* H thng ao nc chy : Nui trong h thng ao nhn tao ln vi mc ncsu hn 15cm. Nng sut thng la 20 -25g/m3/ngay.- u im: Co gia tri xut khu cao, chi phi xy dng chp nhn c.- Nhc im:Nng sut phu thuc va th nhng cua vung nui .Nc bc hinhanh, c bit la vao mua kh. Vi vy rt kho kim soat nhit .* H thng mt nghing : H thng mt nghing gy nn s chuyn ng hnloan cua tao . Mt nui trng co th ln n 10g/l- u im: cho nng sut sinh khi cao va kha n inh- Nhc im: Co th bi lng phn thp cua mt nghing. Chi phi u t ban uva vn hanh cao1.4.2 Nui trong h thng kin * H thng ng, tui: - H thng nay cho ty l chiu sang rt cao trn 90%.- Anh sang khng trc tip chiu vao tao ma phai xuyn qua thanh thit bi nui.- H thng ny cho php gii hn s trao i trc tip ca khng kh v cc chtgy nhim (bi, vi sinh vt) gia to nui vi mi trng ngoi+ u im: Tng hiu qua chiu sang do ty l din tich b mt tip xuc tng. Thu c mt sinh khi cao Tng tinh v trung cua h thng nui trng Tng hiu qua chuyn hoa CO2 do giam lng CO2 bay hi. Gam mc phi nhim bnh D vn hanh va iu khin cac thng s cua h thng nui trng.+ Nhc im: Chi phi u t cao, thch hp vi quy m phng th nghim1.5 ng dng:1.5.1 Ngun thc phm:- Sau nhng lo ngi ton cu v s bng n dn s khng kim sot c, trongthi gian cui nhng nm 1940 v u nhng nm 1950 Chlorella c xemnh l mt ngun thc phm chnh y ha hn, nh mt gii php kh thi n vith gii ang khng hong v nn i. Nhiu ngi trong thi k ny cho rng nni trn th gii ang gia tng v Chlorella l mt cch chm dt cuc khnghong ny bng vic c th cung cp s lng ln thc phm cht lng cao ivi mt chi ph tng i thp.- Chlorella l mt protein hon chnh ? Lc u, Chlorella c xut nh lmt loi protein r b sung vo ch n ung ca con ngi. Tuy nhin, sau nghin cu chng minh khc. Chlorella s mt i phn ln gi tr dinh dngca n khi b thay i hoc x l bng nhng cch khc nhau.- To lc chlorella l mt thc phm b sung phong ph v a dng cc cht dinhdng gip cho c th t iu ha v cn bng cc chc nng dung np v othi. Do gip c th phc hi sc khe nhanh, to ra sc khng tt vi nhiubnh tt v nhim mi trng.- ngha bo v sc khe ca To lc l ch sau khi dng, tt c cc loi dinhdng m c th cn u c b sung cng mt lc, c li cho vic trao i cht,ng ha t chc, tng cng sc khng t t c mc ch phng chngbnh tt v thc y phc hi sc khe.1.5.2 ng dng trong Y Hc v chm sc sc khe:Gii c- Nh c lp mng th(sporopolleine), lng chlorophylle cao, chlorella c th hpthu c cc kim loi nng, thuc tr su, thuc dit cn trng v cc ha cht bov thc vt hay ca polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) l nhm ha cht c chol gy ra cc bt thng v gen c, c dng trong hng trm ng dng cngnghip v thng mi, chng hn nh sn xut cht cch in, cht lm do trongnha, sn v cao su, cht nhum mu nh vy gip c th o thi c t ny rangoi, thc y qu trnh bi tit.Mt s nghin cu cho thy rng b sung Chlorella c tc ng tch cc i vivic gim ca nng dioxin trong sa m v n cng c th c tc dng tt ivi tr ang b bng cch tng lng IgA trong sa m.Chlorophylle- Lm sch v cung cp oxy: Chlorella rt giu Chlorophylle, thnh phn gip cungcp oxy cho cc m v lm sch ng rut. Chlorophyll c tc dng tt vi ccloi bnh thiu mu khc nhau, c tc dng c ch s pht trin ca vi khun, tngcng sa cha cc m b ph hy v bo v khi tc nhn gy ung th.Chlorophyll cn c tc dng gip tiu ha tt v lm p da.To lc khi c hp thu vo c th c tc dng: Tng cng interferon, lm schmu, gan thn v rut, kch thch sinh sn t bo hng cu, tng oxy cho t bono, tr tiu ha, kch thch qu trnh sa cha cc m; gip tng PH mu ttrng thi kim hn; gip gi cho tri tim hot ng bnh thng; gip tng cngsn phm ca cc khu h sinh vt trong ng tiu ha.1.5.3 ng dng trong nui trng thy sn- Lam thc n cho lun trung v cc la ng vt thy sinh nh: C, tm1.6 Lam thc phm b sung dinh dng va vitamin- Chit xut protein v cc loi vitamin c li cho sc khe v s pht trin tnghp cc loi thc phm chc nng.1.7 ng dng lm m phm- Nh mt s vitamin ( E, C, K ) v khong cht( -carotene , Chlorophyll a,Chlorophyll b, Xanthophyll ) c trong chlorella c b sung vo thnh phnca cc loi m phm gip lm p da, chng lo ha1.8 Sn xut Bio Diesel v biogas- Chit xut hm lng du trong chlorella sn xut xng, du sinh hc.- S dng nc thi t cc nh my sn xut ch phm t chlorella sn xutbiogas.

CHNG II: CC CHT C HOT TNH CHC NNG TRONG TO CHLORELLATrong to chlorella c rt nhiu cht c chc nng hot tnh chc nng c con ngi bit n ngy nay. Sau y l mt s cht v hm2.1 Protein ca to- Protein ca to thuc loi protein ha ho. hm lng protein trong to gn vi quy nh protein tiu chun. lng acid amin khng thay th cao, c th chim ti 42% tng s acid amin. Hm lng protein trong vi to c xem l mt trong nhng yu t chnhxc nh gi tr dinh dng ca to c dng lm thc n trong nui trng thy sn.- Hot tnh chc nng ca protein trong to: * Phng nga v bo v: Protein l mt thnh phn chnh ca cc t bo bch cu, c nhim v chng li vi khun. V vy Protein rt cn thit y li tnh trng nhim trng v cc loi bnh. y cng l dng cht cn thit cho s hnh thnh khng th.*Nui dng da v tc: 90% thnh phn ca tc v m da l protein. S thiu ht protein s khin tc tr nn gin, d gy v da xut hin cc np nhn.* Cn bng: Protein c nhim v iu chnh mt ca cc cht trong c th di dng nc. Nh tnh ht nc, protein gip duy tr s cn bng cht lng trong t bo. Protein cng gip chuyn ha cc cht nh mui, Ka-li v cht in phn trong v ngoi c th.* Thnh phn quan trng ca mu: Protein thng c trong cc loi thc phm c ngun gc t ng thc vt, Tuy nhin, protein ng vt cha hm lng cht bo cao. V th, khi tiu thc vi s lng nhiu protein ng vt s gp phn lm tng nguy c mc bnh ca c th nh bnh cao huyt p v cc bnh v tim mch.2.2 Lipid- S lng v cht lng lipid trong vi to c xem l c gi tr cao trongnui trng thy sn nhng hm lng lipid cc loi khng cao lm v chu nhiutc ng ca mi trng nui. Cht bo khng ha tan vi nc, nhng chng c kh nng ha tan cc cht khc nh vitaminA, D, E, v K.- Hot tnh chc nng ca lipid trong to chlorella.* Ngn nga x va ng mch bng cch kt hp vi cholesterol to cc ester c ng, khng bn vng v d bi xut ra khi c th.* iu ha tnh bn vng ca thnh mch: nng cao tnh n hi v h thp tnh thm ca thnh mch.* C lin quan n c ch chng ung th.* Cn thit cho cc chuyn ho cc vitamin nhm B.* Mt s t chc nh: gan, no, tim, cc tuyn sinh dc c nhu cu cao v cc acid bo cha no, nn khi khng c cung cp t thc n th cc ri lon s xut hin cc c quan ny trc tin.* Cht bo tham gia vo cu trc ca tt c cc m, l thnh phn thit yu ca t bo, ca cc mng c th v c vai tr iu ha sinh hc cao. No b v cc m thn kinh c bit giu cht bo. Cc ri lon chuyn ha cht bo nh hng n chc phn nhiu c quan k c h thn kinh.* Thiu acid bo omega-3 dn n nh hng kh nng nhn thc, kh nng nhn...* Cht bo cung cp cc acid bo thit yu khng no a ni i, chui di l tin cht ca mt lot cc cht c hot tnh sinh hc cao nh prostaglandin, leukotrienes, thromboxanes Cc eicosanoids ny l cc cht iu ha rt mnh 1 s t bo v chc nng nh: kt dnh tiu cu, co mch, ng ng ng mch Botalli* Cht bo ko di thi gian thc n d dy v i qua ng tiu ha, to cm gic no sau khi n. Mt khc cht bo to cm quan ngon lnh cho thc phm.2.3 Glucid- Theo Parsons v ctv (1961) (trch Phm Th Lam Hng, 1999) hm lngcacbohydrat ca to bin ng 5-32% khi lng kh. Cc loi to thuc ngnh toChlorophyta c hm lng cacbohydrat cao nht, chim 32% khi lng kh. Hmlng cacbohydrat trong Chlorella sp chim 15-35% khi lng kh.- Hot tnh chc nng ca Glucid trong to chlorella* Tc dng khng xeton, duy tr s trao i chtLipit trong c th qua phn gii sn sinh ra cht trung gian l xeton, cn c glycogen kt hp vi axit oxaloaxetic mi tip tc oxy ho c. Thiu ng, m tin hnh trao i cht khng hon ton, s tch lu nhiu th xeton, tng lng axit trong mu, lm thay i chc nng sinh l bnh thng ca c th.* Thc y vic hp th protitGluxit v protit vo c th cng lc th gluxit tng cng gii phng ATP, c li cho s hot ho axit min v hp thnh protit, lm cho nit trong c th tng ln.* Bo v ganKho d tr ng gan tng s bo v gan t chu nh hng ca cht c nh ru, vi khun, c t...2.4 Hot tnh chc nng ca Vitamin2.4.1 Hot tnh chc nng ca vitamin C- Chng oxy ha: Vitamin C l mt trong nhiu cht tham gia h thng phng th chng oxy ha ca c th. Cc cht chng oxy ha (vitamin E, beta-caroten, Vitamin C) c th chuyn cc tc nhn gy oxy ha thnh nhng cht v hi v thi ra nc tiu.- To collagen+ Collagen l thnh phn protein chnh ca m lin kt, xng, rng, sn, da v m so. Collagen chim n 1/4 protein trong c th.+ Vitamin C cn cho qu trnh to collagen t trocollagen. Nu thiu Vitamin C s gim kh nng tng hp collagen. Lc , so s kh lnh, v mao mch, khim khuyt trong qu trnh hnh thnh xng v rng.- Phng chng bnh tim mch: Vitamin C cn gip thnh mch mu vng chc, c bit quan trong i vi mch mu nui tim. Gip chuyn cholesterol thnh acid mt, bng cch gim tnh trng cholesterol trong mu. Chng c th lm gim mc LDL-C (cholesterol c hi) v lm tng HDL-C (loi c li). Loi vitamin ny cn gip hn ch tng huyt p, chng to cc mu ng gim thuyn tc mch.- Tng cng h min dch+ H tr sn xut interferon - l loi protein do t bo c th to ra chng li tc nhn gy bnh, l thnh phn m quan trng ca h min dch. Cn thit cho cc t bo min dch - l t bo T v bch cu. T lm mnh chc nng ca h min dch, lm tng phn ng d ng.+ Tng hp cht dn truyn thn kinh: Vitamin C c hm lng cao trong m no v tuyn thng thn. Tham gia to cc cht dn truyn thn kinh nh: Norepinephrine, Serotnin, acid amin Tyrosine.- Cht kch hot enzyme: Vitamin C c th bo v vitamin A, vitamin E, v cc axit bo thit yu khi b tiu hu; lm cho st (2) c trong thc n c duy tr trong trng thi hon nguyn, thc y s hp th st v chuyn dch tn tr st trong c th. Lm cho can-xi trong thnh rut khng b kt ta, gip ci thin t l hp th can-xi vo c th. Tham gia phn ng hydroxyt ca cholesterol thnh axit cholic, c hiu qu nht nh trong iu tr thiu hng cu.- Tham gia qu trnh chuyn ha cholesterol: Gip 80% cholesterol chuyn ha thnh sulfat tan trong nc bi tit khi c th, gim hm lng cholesterol trong mu; loi b cholesterol tch t trong ng mch; gia tng cc thnh phn c ch ca mu nh lipoprotein, c ngha quan trng trong phng chng x va ng mch.- Phng chng ung th: Vic gim vitamin C trong ng tiu ha ngn chn s hnh thnh nitrosamines, c hiu qu ngn nga s xut hin ca cc khi u ng tiu ha; ngoi ra vitamin C cn tham gia trong tng hp collagen, gip cc t bo k duy tr cu trc bnh thng, lm gim qu trnh pht trin ca t bo ung th. - Chng cm lnh: Vitamin C c th ci thin kh nng khng bnh ca cc t bo min dch v tng cng min dch ca c th v min dch humoral, loi b cc yu t gy bnh, gi h h hp c bo ton. Khi thiu n, biu m t bo khng bnh kh qun v ph qun b gim xung. Cc th nghim cho thy, ung 1.000 mg vitamin C mi ngy c th gim 50% nguy c b cm lnh v gim 23% cc triu chng cm cm.- Bo v da, chng np nhn: Vitamin C l cht kch hot enzyme, c th gia tng s hot ng ca mt s kim loi, gip da chng li cc gc t do sinh ra bi tia cc tm, trnh s xut hin ca tn nhang, thc y s trao i cht, gp phn ngn nga lo ha da.

- Thi c: + Cn thit cho h thng chuyn ha thi c ca nhiu loi thuc trong c th, l gim c tnh ca thuc v chuyn cc phn t c thnh dng c th o thi qua nc tiu.+ Thi c nhiu ha cht gy ung th. C kh nng kt hp vi cc kim loi nng v lm chng tr nn v hi.- Phi hp tt trong s dng st, canxi v acid folic: Vitamin C gip hp thu tt cht st ngun gc thc vt. H tr chuyn st t huyt thanh vo ferritin d tr gan v phng thch st t ferritin vo huyt thanh khi c nhu cu. Gip hp thu tt canxi bng cch ngn caxi chuyn thnh dng kh ha tan. Chuyn acid folic t dng khng hot ng thnh dng hot ng v gi n nh dng hot ng, ngn nga mt qua nc tiu.2.4.2 Hot tnh chc nng ca vitamin B1L co-enzym trong chuyn ho carbohydrat :- Thiaminpyrophosphat l co-enzym ca men (-ketoglutaraldehydrogenase v transketolase tham gia vo phn ng kh carboxyl kiu oxy ho ca (-ketoglutaric acid v phn ng chuyn pentose trong thoi bin glucid theo ng 5 C to pentose, t tng hp nucleotid v nucleic acid, cung cp NADP tng hp acid bo v sterol.- Thiamin c vai tr trong dn truyn xung ng thn kinh. Khi c vn chuyn vo m thn kinh, n c tc dng bo v bao myelin ca dy thn kinh, tng ti to cc dy thn kinh, ci thin chc nng dy thn kinh nh ci thin tc dn truyn lung thn kinh vn ng.- Thiamin tng hiu ng ca acetylcholin nh c ch men acetylcholinesterase- Do trong phn t c cha N bc 4 nn thiamin c tc dng phong to hch, c ch dn truyn xung ng thn kinh tm vn ng thn kinh c. liu cao, thiamin cho hiu ng tng t cura khng kh cc v c hiu qu gim au .- Thiamin ci thin chuyn ho c, tng cng kh nng hot ng tim tng ca c, tham gia vo chuyn ho thi tr acid lactic ng khi c hot ng .2.4.3 Hot tnh chc nng ca Vitamin A:L thnh phn ch yu ca cc sc t vng mc, vitamin A cn thit gi gn s ton vn ca lp biu m bao ph b mt v cc khoang trong c th. Thiu vitamin A gy kh da, kh mng tip hp, kh gic mc, lot gic mc c th dn n m la. Thiu vitamin A s lm gim tng trng v sc khng ca c th, tr d mc cc bnh nhim trng ng h hp v tiu ha.2.4.4 Hot tnh chc nng ca vitamin D- Vitamin D: C tc dng tng cng hp thu canxi v pht pho rut non, thiu vitamin D tr em s b ci xng, ngi ln b long xng.- Tc ng ln rut: t trng v rut non vitamin D tng hp cc protein chuyn ch, gip canxi di chuyn ch ng qua mng rut.- Tc dng ln thn:vitamin D c tc dng lm gim ti hp thu canxi ng thn dn ti tiu ra nhiu canxi (do vy trnh dng canxi liu cao).- Tc dng chng cm cmBc s Adit Ginde thuc i hc Colorado (M) cng 2 ng nghip tin hnh nghin cu v vai tr ca Vitamin D i vi cc bnh nhn b cm cm v st.H tin hnh xt nghim mu mu t 19.000 ngi, kt qu cho thy nhng ngi c mc Vitamin D di 10 nanogram/1 ml mu c nguy c b st v cm cao hn 40% so vi nhng ngi c mc Vitamin D trn 30 nanogram.- Phng chng bnh hen suyni vi ngi b hen suyn v c lng Vitamin D thp, nguy c b vim nhim ng h hp cao gp 5 ln, bnh nhn b kh th kinh nin (COPD) cng c nguy c vim nhim ng.2.4.5 Hot tnh mt s vitamin khc- Vitamin B2: Gi vai tr ch yu trong cc phn ng gy xy ha ca t bo. Thiu vitamin B2 gy bnh vim li, vim lot nim mc.- Vitamin PP (niacin):L yu t phng bnh Pelagr mt bnh vim da c hiu do dinh dng: Vim lot da, vim li bn .-Vitamin B12: Tham gia to mu. Thiu vitamin B12 gy bnh thiu mu c tnh.2.4.6 Hot tnh chc nng ca Chlorophyll- Chlorophyll v cc dn xut ca n c bit n l cc cht c hot ngchng oxy ha. Vic tiu th cc loi rau l, giu chlorophyll v cc dn xut ca nnh chlorophyllin, c lin quan n vic gim mt s loi bnh ung th.- Ngoi ra, chlorophyll cn c nhiu hot tnh chc nng nh:+ Gip ci thin tnh nng tinh lc mu t nhin ca c th.+ Chng thiu mu ,vi cht trong qu trnh to hemoglobin.+ Tng s t bo hng cu, lm cc t bo mnh thm.+ Tng lng mu.+ Tng cng cc phn ng min dch ch yu trong c th.+ Chng li cc cht c t/ Chng li cht gy ung th.+ Gip c th thi loi cc cht cn b.+ Ngn nga s suy h hp.+ Lm du thp khp.+ Gip phng chng cc bnh tim mch, cc du hiu sm tui gi.+ Tng cng chc nng thn v bng quan.+ Gim gin tnh mch.+ Tng cng chc nng tiu ho.+ Chng to bn bng vic tng cng s lu thng ca ng mt.+ Ci thin tnh trang i tho ng.+ Chng cc bnh v tuyn gip.+ Tng cng chc nng gan v ci thin vn gan.+ Gim chng mt.+ Chng mt ng.+ Gim thiu mu no.2.4.7 Hot tnh chc nng ca -carotene-carotene l cht chng oxi ha mnh, ngn chn t bo ung th, chng s hnh thnh ca cc cc mu ng trong thnh mch mu. Khi c hp thu vo c th, chuyn ha thnh vitamin A gip bo v nim mc mt, tng cng min dch cho c th.Trong cc th nghim cho rng 30mg -carotene mi ngy lm tng t l ung th phi v ung th tuyn tin lit ngi ht thuc v nhng ngi c tin s tip xc vi cht gy nghin.

CHNG III: QUY TRNH CH BIN CHLORELLA

3.1 Quy trnh ch bin chlorellaBc 1: Sau khi to pht trin y . t c mt dn s khong 30 g trng lng kh mi 1 lt mi trng dinh dng, to c thu hoch.Bc u tin l nng ca h thng treo trn my ly tm a.Cc loi to tp trung c lp i lp li ra bng nc loi b tn d ca dung dch dinh dng v cc tp cht khc. Bc 2: Mc d vic nh ch tp trung cha ln n mi t t bo trong mt mililit, t l t bo b ph v sau 2-3 pht tan r t hn 90%Cc mi ca cc t bo tng 2-3 ln kh nng tiu ha ca h.t c gi tr tng ng vi t l tiu ha protein tinh khit.Bc 3: bc cui cng trong qu trnh ch bin l khny din ra trong my sy phun-.trong sinh khi to c phn b vo vi git c nhit b mt khng vt qua 60 C trong sut 50 giy m thi gian sy ko di.Th tc x l ton b l mt trong rt nh nhng v sinh khi to kh, vi s thng nht ca sa bt kh, do gi li tt c cc thnh phn c gi tr trng thi ban u ca h.3.2 Mt s ch trong qu trnh ch bin chlorellaLm th no sn xut nhiu nht cht dinh dng ca ChlorellaCc cht dinh dng trong rong tiu cu c bo v bi mt bc tng t bo dy l rt kh khn cho ngi tiu ha.V thnh t bo ny phi c m trc khi c th ca bn c th hp th bt k cc cht dinh dng bn trong. Nhiu cng ty c quy trnh c bit m cc bc tng di ng.Phng php ph bin nht l phay hoc mi.Qu trnh ny ph v cc t bo thnh nhng ming nh v lm cho rong tiu cu d dng hn tiu ha.Tht khng may, n cng hon ton p v cc t bo m v cho thy nhiu cht dinh dng.V mt khi cc cht dinh dng c tip xc, gi tr dinh dng lao thng xung. Cc cch khc t ph bin hn m cc bc tng t bo bao gm ty ha cht v nhit ng.Ho cht ty s dng ha cht tiu ha trc Chlorella hoc mng thnh t bo.Cch ny th ha cht gy hi cho cc cht dinh dng. Nhit lnh s dng nhit cc cao v lnh lm cho thnh t bo m rng.Qu trnh ny s m ra cc bc tng, vi nhng ngy nng cng ph hy cc cht dinh dng c gi tr.Kt qu ca tt c cc qu trnh ny l b sung rong tiu cu ca bn l d dng hn tiu ha, nhng phn ln li ch b mt. Tuy nhin ngy nay cc nh khoa hc c tm ra cch ph v cc bc tng t bo Chlorella kh khnm khnglm hng cc cht dinh dng quan trng bn trong. l: cng ngh m thanh rung c o. K thut mang tnh t ph ny ca c s dng sng m thanh tn s cao dao ng cc t bo Chlorella.Rung ng mnh lit ny lm cho thnh t bo crack, nhng khng sp . Qu trnh rung ng ny lm gy cc bc tng bn ngoi t bo chlorella d dng tip xc vi nc trong c th ca bn.Nhng v cc bc tng khng b hng hon ton, cc cht dinh dng bn trong t bo Chlorella khng b tn hi.

KT LUNChlorella c tim nng v c th c s dng nh l mt ngun ca thc phm v nng lng v n c kh nng quang hp hiu qu, trn l thuyt c th t 8%, c th cnh tranh vi cc cy trng khc. y cng l mt ngun thc n hp dn bi v n c hm lng protein cao v cc cht dinh dng thit yu khc; khi sy kh, n cha khong 45% protein, 20% cht bo, 20% Carbohydrate, 5% cht x, 10% cht khong v vitamin v ang c con ngi khai thc. Tuy nhin, v n l mt loi to n bo,nn vic sn xut trn quy m cng nghip lm thc phm t ra nhiu kh khnChng ta cn phi c cc bin php v thiet61 b thch hp v hin i qu trnh ch bin thu c nng sut cao hn.

PH LC Hnh 1: To Chlorella Hnh 2: Thc phm chc nng t to ChlorellaNgun:https://www.google.com.vn/search?q=to+chlorella&es_sm=93&biw=1242&bih=605&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=A6hGVJeZNof58AXJp4CIBA&sqi=2&ved=0CAYQ_AuoAQSTTThnh phnHm lngn v tnh

1Protein40-60%

2Gluxit25-35%

3Lipit10-15%

4Sterol0.1-0.2%

5Sterin0.1-0.5%

6-carotene0.16%

7Chlorophyll a2.2%

8Chlorophyll b0.58%

9Axit nucleic6%

10Tro10-34%

11Xanthophyll3.6-6.6%

12Vitamin B118mg/gr

13Vitamin C0.3-0.6mg/gr

14Vitamin K6mg/gr

15Vitamin B23.5mg/100gr

16Vitamin B127-9mg/100gr

17Niacin25mg/100gr

18Axit nicotinic145mg/100gr

19Vitamin B62.3mg/100gr

Bng 1: Thnh phn cc cht c hot tnh chc nng trong to chlorellaNgun: http://123doc.vn/document/1066060-tai-lieu-cong-nghe-san-xuat-chlorella-doc.htm?page=7

TI LIU THAM KHOhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorellahttp://baigiang.violet.vn/http://luanvan.net.vn/luan-van http://translate.google.com.vn/translate?hl=vi&sl=en&u=http://algaesystemcom/technology2/process/&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dprocessing%2Balgae%26es_sm%3D93%26biw%3D1242%26bih%3D6http://www.advancedbionutritionals.com/Products/King-Chlorella.htmhttp://www.bestchlorella.com/product.htmhttp://123doc.vn/document/1066060-tai-lieu-cong-nghe-san-xuat-chlorella-doc.htm?page=7