Tbilisi

2012

Targmani, winaTqma

da boloTqma leri alimonakisa

mxatvari gogi wereTeli

teqnikuri redaqtori nino burduli

meoTxe gamocema, gamomcemloba `adapti“ 2012

`sabWoTa saqarTvelo”, 1983

`ganaTleba”, 1990

`xomli”, 1999

winaTqmac da boloTqmac amoRebulia

1983 wlis pirveli gamocemidan

ISBN 978-9941-9298-0-9

leri alimonaks gamorCeuli Rvawli miuZR vis

qarTuli mwerlobis winaSe.

man Tavisi daudgromeli moRvaweobiT daviwye -

bas gamostaca bolSevikuri reJimisgan dev nili XX

sa u kunis didi qarTveli poetis terenti granelis

saxeli, daRupvisgan ixsna misi wminda poezia. im

sastik wlebSi, rodesac saqarTveloSi jer kidev

totalitarizmi mZvinvarebda da satanis mstovrebi

poetis saxelis aRmofxvras cdi lob d nen, rodesac

granelis xse nebac ki saSiSad iTv le boda, leri

alimonakma Ta vi si SeupovrobiT SesZlo da ramden-

imejer gamosca po e tis daviwyebuli Tu manamde

gamouqveynebeli Txzulebani (1972, 1979, 1987, 1997),

mogonebaTa wigni poetze (1984), Tavisi cnobili

biografiul-eseistu ri romani `kviris wirvebi~

(1984, 1987, 1990), romelmac sayovelTao aRiareba

moipova qarTvel mkiTxvelSi.

cnobilia leri alimonakis mxatvrulad dat -

vifruli kritikul-eseisturi werilebi Tana med -

rove poeziaze (1974, 1979, 1991), saTeatro, samusiko

moRvaweebze (1970). gamokvleva qarTuli verlibris

genezissa da struqturaze (1974). gansakuTrebiT

unda aRiniSnos mis mier am bolo wlebSi gamoqveyneb-

uli memuaruli da publicisturi xasiaTis wignebi:

`granelis landi”, 1998; `sanTlis Suqze monaweri”,

2001. sagulisxmoa misi mravali satelevizio Tu

sagazeTo-sa Jur nalo interviuebi.

leri alimonakis kalams ekuTvnis leqsebis wig ni

`Jami siCumisa~ (1988), sadac mistikur Wril Si war-

modgenilia adamianis saniadago sa fiq rali sau ku -

nosa Tu sawuTroebaze, xilul yo fi e re basa Tu uxi -

lav aryofnaze, dabadebidan sik vdilSi gardac v lasa

da kvlavSobaze, am erTian maradiul wre b run va Si

dakargul sakuTar oreulTa aRmoCenaze, am da viw ye -

bul oreulTa gaxsenebaze, maT xsnaze, xved r ze.

leri alimonakma pirvelma Targmna qarTul

enaze Zveli induri filosofiur-religiuri Txzu -

leba, sakacobrio azrovnebis unikaluri Zegli

3

upaniSadebi (1984-1992), romelic 1995 wels gamoca

da romelic WeSmaritad Zvirfasi sa Cu qa ria uZ ve -

lesi religiuri kulturis mqone qa r Tveli xal -

xisTvis. manve Targmna leqsad bhagavat-gitas I da II

Tavebi (Jurn. `lit. da xelov. №4, 2006).

leri alimonakis romani `eliazaris dab ru neba~

(2007) xelovanis tragikul cxovrebas eZRvneba, rom-

lis saxeSic mkiTxvels SeuZlia amoikiTxos yvela im

didi mxatvris sulier-misti kuri cxovreba _ dawye-

buli niko firos ma naS vi liT da damTavrebuli pol

gogeniT, romlebmac faqtobrivad RvTaebrivs mar -

to obaSi galies da daasrules wuTisofeli. romanis

Zi re uli mxat v ruli ideologia, Teologiur mo ti -

veb Tan erTad, amiranis miTis WrilSia gamokveTili.

`dao de Zini~, Zveli Cinuri filosofiur-

religiuri Txzuleba, Sobili CineTSi ocdaeqvsi

saukunis winaT, kacTa modgmis sulier cxovrebaSi

saRmrTo gamocxadebad aRiarebuli, leri alimo -

nakma im wlebSi Targmna (1976-1982), rodesac cen-

zuris marwuxebi jer kidev xelT komunistur ruti-

nas epyra da gveleSapiviT gadafofreboda sa qar Tve -

lo Si yovelgvari humanisturi azrov ne bis aRor Zi -

ne bas. Tu ra Rirebulebisaa es sibrZnis wigni saka -

cob rio istoriaSi, amas erTi faqtic metyvelebs: Su -

a saukuneebSi, rodesac erT-erTma imperatorma

brZola gamoucxada daoizms da yvela daosuri wigni

cecxls misca, mxolod `dao de Zins~ ver Seexo,

rogorc wmidaTawmida wigns. es genialuri Txzu -

leba, vrceli gamokvleviTa da komentarebiT, pirve-

lad qarTulad 1983 wels ga mo ica, rasac mohyva 1990,

1999 wlebis gamocemebi. winamdebare gamocema meoTxe

gaxlavT. lao-Zis Txzuleba, RvTis SewevniT, ukve

didi xania Seiyvara qarTvelma mkiTxvelma. leri

alimonaks am TargmanisaTvis 1995 wels mieniWa didi

qar Tve li mTargmnelisa da sazogado moRvawis ivane

maCablis saxelobis erovnuli premia.

4

sibrZne, romelic ar berdebasibrZne, romelic ar berdeba

kaci, raJams saqmes ganasrulebs:

simartoveSi unda ukudges.

kaci, saqmes rom aRasrulebs:

sofliur usasrulobas unda SeerTos.

ase brZana ocdaxuTi saukunis win Cinelma

brZenTabrZenma lao-Zim. brZana da gauCinarda.

miuboZa `dao de Zini~ kacobriobas, uzenaesi

siyvaruliTa da sikeTiT rom aRavsebda yovel

arsebas, da Tavad usasrulobas da daos gawyv-

diadebul da gasxivosnebul wiaRs daubrunda.

misi suli samyaros maradiul sulSi gaimqvra da

gardaicvala. man aRasrula is, rasac Tavisi

moZRvrebiT qadagebda. amitom gaamiTiures da

gaaRvTiures misi saxeli, xolo mis brZnul

wigns kacobriobis maradiuli saganZuri

uwodes.

*

lao-Zis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis xanad

Cinuri istoriografia aRmosavleT jous (VIII-

III ss. Zv. w.) epoqas asaxelebs. jous epoqa cno-

bilia samTavroebs Soris dausrulebeli ome -

biT, dar Rveuli saxelmwifoebriobiT. omebs

adgili hqoniaT adrec, inis epoqaSic, mag ram

jous epoqaSi isini momZlavrebula. gauTa ve be -

li omebi aRatakebda soflebs da qalaqebs, mat-

ulobda ajanyebulTa ricxvi, mdidrdebodnen

didebulni da mmarTvelni, xalxi ki mZime

uRelqveS gminavda. jous epoqa srul mRel -

varebas moecva. TavaSvebul vnebebs, sixarbesa

5

da pativmoyvareobas daepyro mTeli sazoga-

doeba. lao-Zis epoqaSi WeSmaritebisa da saT no -

e bis erTaderT sazomad Zalmomreoba iqca. me -

fe Ta da samefoTa karis cxovreba ki brwyinavda

da elvarebda. maT sasaxleebsa da simdidres

aTasobiT SeiaraRebuli jariskaci icavda, xo -

lo xelmwifeni musikiTa da mej li sebiT irTob -

d nen Tavs. Zveli zneoba ingreoda, axali ki jer

arsad Canda. `qveyana daiqca, swori gza gamrud-

da. kvlav moevlina qveyanas Wori, eresi, Zala -

doba, xelqveiTi xelmwifes klavs, xolo Svili

_ mamas~ (men-Zi).

magram amave epoqis wiaRSi Tavs iCens

udidesi politikuri da ekonomikuri Zvrebic.

igi xasiaTdeba Rrma da mniSvelovani cvli -

lebebiT socialur-ekonomikur da kulturul-

sulier sferoebSi. TandaTan qreba patara sam -

Tav roebi, Zlierdeba da RorZindeba didi, er -

Ti ani samefoebi. izrdeba mosaxleobisa da qa -

la qebis ricxvi. mkveTrma socialurma Zvrebma

niadagi moumzades gadamwyvet cvlilebebs

azrovnebis sferoSic. Zveli Cineli moazrov-

neni did cnobiswadils iCenen bunebis mov le na -

Ta SeswavlaSi. am safuZvelze aRmo cenebas

iwyebs didaqtika da racionalizmi, TandaTan

da vi wyebas eZleva miTologia da azrovnebis na -

tu ralisturi formebi. safuZveli eyreba fi -

losofiur azrovnebas. am epoqaSi ganviTarda

mwerloba. mmarTvelobis sadaveebi xelT igdo

ga naTlebulma aristokratiam, isini ganagebd-

nen mwerlobasac da mTel kulturasac. pirveli

aTas wleulis Sua xanebSi swored maT daiwyes

6

po litikuri, filosofiuri, miTo lo giur-re -

ligiuri, zneobriv-eTikuri sistemebis Camoya-

libeba. lao-Zi am epoqis RviZli Svili iyo da

cdi lobda adamianis darbeul sulSi aRedgina

is pirvelqmnili Segneba, rac diadi erTobis ka -

nons myarsa da Seuvals gaxdida, im diadi er To -

bis kanons, roca Temis wesrigsa da urTi erT -

Tan xmobas bunebiTobis principebi edo safuZv -

lad, roca arc mCagvrelni iyvnen da arc Cag -

rul ni. lao-Zis surda adamianSi aRed gina im

epo qaTa sulieri gamoZaxili, odes cisqveSeTSi

yvelaferi saerTo iyo da yoveli ves samar Tli -

a ni kanonebi ganagebda, odes ada mianTa Soris

di a di Tanxmoba da mSvidoba su fev da, odes

adamianebi mamaSvilurad epyrobodnen ara mxo -

lod sakuTar Svilebs, aramed sxvis Svilebsac,

odes mxolod sakuTari TavisTvis ki ar iRv wod -

nen, aramed sxvebis Tvisac, odes kars ar ketavd-

nen ara imitom, rom qurdoba da avazakoba ar

iyo, aramed imitom ar iyo qurdoba da avazakoba,

kars rom ar ketavdnen. amitom ar aRiZvreboda

boroti zraxvebi, amitom hqondaT moxucebs

TavSesafari, Cvil bavSvebs amitom wyalobdnen

gansakuTrebiT. iqneb am sinamdvilis anareklic

iyos lao-Zis Semdegi sityvebi: `rac metia ak -

rZal va: miT metia siRaribe. rac metia iaraRi:

miT metia amboxi. rac metia kanoni da brZaneba:

miT metia qurdi da avazaki~. amave TavSi ase

JRers lao-Zis damoZRvra: `me mSvidad var da:

xalxs Tavad eufleba samarTlianoba. me umo -

qme dod var da: xalxs Tavad eufleba keTil So -

bi le ba~. am epo qaSi yalibdeba ZiriTadi sa zo ga -

7

doeb riv-politikuri, filosofiur-religi u -

ri da mistikuri warmodgenebi, romlebmac gav -

lena moaxdines Cinuri filosofiuri azrov ne -

bis ganviTarebis mTels Semdegdro in del msv -

le lo baze. es warmodgenebi aRmoCnda is myari

safuZveli, razec aigo uzarmazari Senoba _ Ci -

nu ri mravalsau kunovani sulieri kulturisa.

jous epoqaSi yalibdeba calkeuli filo so fi -

u ri skolebi da iwereba saetapo mniSv ne lo bis

Txzulebebi. am dros daiwera Cinuri filo so -

fiuri azrov nebis iseTi Sedevrebi, rogoricaa

`dao de Zini~, `lun iui~, `mo-Zi~, `men-Zi~, `juan-

Zi~, `guan-Zi~, `li-Zi~. am periodSi gamovidnen

asparezze didi Cineli moazrovneebi: lao-Zi,

konfuci, mo-Zi, juan-Zi, men-Zi, siun-Zi, xan fei-

Zi. Cinuri tradiciis mixedviT, am periods

uwodeben `oqros xanas~. swored am xanaSi yalib-

deba Cinuri filosofiur-religiuri azrov ne -

bis ori iseTi didi moZRvreba, rogoricaa kon-

fucizmi da daoizmi. amave xanaSi ikidebs fexs

CineTSi Cinuri budizmi. am moZRvrebebma udi -

desi zegavlena moaxdines mTels Semdgom Cinur

kulturaze (poezia, musika, ferwera, kali g -

rafia). konfucizmi da daoizmi saxelmwifoeb -

riv religiad iqna gamocxadebuli ara marto

CineTSi, aramed mTels Cinur samyaroSi.

*

am filosofiur skolebs win uZRoda Cinuri

azrovnebis xangrZlivi da dauRalavi moR va we -

o ba, rac Tavis dasabams ZvelCinuri miTo lo gi -

u ri da mistikuri Tvalsazrisebidan iRebda.

8

Cinelebs aqvT Tavisi, yvelasagan gan sxva vebuli

gaazreba samyaros modelisa, yofierebis sis-

temisa, kosmiuri suraTisa. lao-Zis kosmolo-

gia uzogades xazebSi efuZneba Cinur kosmo -

logiur sistemas, magram mas raRac aspeqtebSi

Tavisi koreqtivebic Seaqvs. lao-Zi, rogorc

udidesi moZRvari da kanonmdebeli, swored

amis gamo gaaRvTiura da budas gverdiTac

swored amis gamo daayena Cinurma legendam.

im epoqaSi, roca `dao de Zini~ iqmneboda,

jer kidev Zlieri iyo ZvelCinuri religiur-

mis tikuri da miTologiuri warmodgenebi. isini,

TavianTi paradoqsuli bunebis gamo, did gamo -

Za xils poulobdnen lao-Zis, konfucis, mo-Zis,

juan-Zisa da sxvaTa naazrevSi. erTi aseTi misti -

ku ri moZRvreba, romelic jer kidev inar Cu neb -

da Tavis Zalas axal filosofiaSi, _ igu lis x -

meba jous epoqis aRorZinebuli filo so fiuri

skolebi, _ iyo moZRvreba cis meufebis Sesaxeb.

cis kults upirvelesi adgili eWira Cinur

warmodgenaSi. konfucim mas gansa kuTrebuli

adgili miuCina Tavis moZRvrebaSi. konfu cis T -

vis ca iyo umaRlesi arseba, rasac gaaCnia Zala

da goneba da ganagebs adamianTa cxovrebas. igi

ac xadebda: ̀ vinc cas Sescodavs, mas ar aqvs loc -

vis ufleba~. keTilSobili kaci cis Zalas un da

morCilebdes. `vinc beds ar aRiarebs, ver mi viC -

nevT keTilSobil kacad~. igi eTayvaneboda cas

rogorc mwyalobelsac da rogorc mkacr, er Ti -

ansa da zebunebriv mbrZanebelsac. konfucis ca

gansazRvravs adamianis adgils sazoga do ebaSi,

ajildoebs da sjis mas. cis Zis anu xelmwifis

9

uzenaesi Zalaufleba RvTiuria da mxolod is

gansazRvravs xalxisa da cisqve SeTis beds. ca,

umaRlesi arseba, awesrigebs miwier cxovrebas,

war mougzavnis Zalauflebas xelmwifes da

Tvals adevnebs mis moRvaweobas. Tu man cis gzas

gadauxvia, igi warmougzavnis mas stiqiur

ubedurebas da amiT Cadenil codvebs Seaxsenebs.

Zve li Cinelebi cas bedisa da bedisweris simbo -

lo dac miiCnevdnen. cas miewereboda yoveli ar -

sis warmomSobi pirvel mi zezis Semcveli cneba,

mas mTeli samyaros, mTeli bunebis sinonimadac

mi iCnevdnen. swored aqedan warmodgeba cneba

ti ansia anu cis qve SeTi, rac mTeli qvey nie re -

bis, kerZod ki _ CineTis saxelmwifos sino nimad

aRiniSneboda. ca aris `mbrZanebeli da meufe

qvey nierebisa~. is aris qmediTi, moRvawe Zala

sam yarouli yofierebisa, ris gareSec miwis

dasabami umoqmedoa da uZravi. amitom aris, rom

CinelTaTvis RvTaebad, meufed miCneulia ca.

igi aris umaRlesi arseba samyarosi. xiluli ca

ki simboloa im uxilavi cisa, rasac Cinelebi

RvTaebad, anu umaRles arsebad warmoidgenen.

ca arasaxieria da warmoadgens pirvelsaxes anu

gansaxierebas samyaros maradiul, ucvlel wes-

rigs. igi auxsneli Zalaa, rasac emorCileba sam-

yaros arsebobis msvleloba, is gamouTqmelia

da mizezia samyaros wrebrunviTi moZraobisa.

*

rogorc sinologebi varaudoben, CineTSi

daoizmi unda aRmocenebuliyo `dao de Zinis~

Seqmnamde. es ki imas niSnavs, rom am Txzulebis

10

Seqmnas win uZRoda xangrZlivi ganviTareba

filosofiuri azrovnebisa. moZRvreba daos Se -

saxeb CineTSi maSin Seiqmna, roca religia da fi -

lo sofia erTiani da ganuyofeli iyo. am moZ Rv -

rebaSi filosofia emorCileba religias, xolo

gansja _ rwmenas. daoizmi religiuri filo so -

fia, anu filosofiuri religiaa. am moZRv re ba -

Si religiuri WeSmariteba daos mis tikur aRi a -

rebaSi Zevs, xolo filosofiuri WeSmariteba _

mis eTikur aRiarebaSi.

daoizmi, konfucizmTan erTad, umTav res

religiur saxelmwifoebriv moZRvrebad iqca

CineTSi. daoizmi da konfucizmi TiTqmis erT

dros aRmocendnen Zv. w. pirveli aTas wle u lis

Sua saukuneebSi. am moZRvrebis mimdevarni ilaS -

qreb dnen TavianTi Tanamedrove cxov rebis

gada gvarebul formaTa winaaRmdeg. anaTemas

ucxadebdnen gauTavebel omebsa da kacTa

kvlas, gamyidvelobasa da Ralats, cbierebasa

da muxanaTobas, pirmoTnobasa da zneobriv ga -

dag varebas. isini ukan _ `oqros saukunisaken~

imzirebodnen.

pirveli daosebi, socialur cxovrebas rom

garidebodnen da sakuTar TavSi eZiaT uzenaesi

RvTaeba, sazogadoebisagan gandgomas amjo bi -

nebdnen da am gziT gamoxatavdnen pasiur amboxs

arsebuli socialuri ukuRmarTobis wina aR -

mdeg. ase daedo dasabami asket-mwirTa insti-

tuts mTebSi, adamianTa sazogadoebisagan gan -

kerZoebiT. pirveli daosebi iq atarebdnen Ta -

vianT cxovrebas, mistikisa da siwmindis Sara -

vandediT garemosilni.

11

`dao de Zinia~ is Ziri da safuZveli, razec

aRmocenda daosuri religia da filosofia,

rac ager ocdaxuTi saukunea cocxlobs Ci neT -

Si. `albaT ar moiZebneba romelime aRiarebuli

religia, _ acxadebs duglasi, _ romelic iseT

patara saZirkvels efuZnebodes, rogorc `dao

de Zinia~. farTod gavrcelebuli daosuri li -

teratura da crurwmeniTi moZRvreba, sa dac

Tavs iyris mTeli Tanamedrove daoizmi, pir -

vel xanad Caisaxa gadmopirqvavebuli pira midis

msgavs cicqna wignSi~. am erT cicqna wignze

aSenda uzarmazari Senoba daosuri moZRv re -

bisa, ramac waruxoceli daRi daaCnia Cinur

sulier kulturas da misi yofis yvela sferos.

`...mTlianad wigni SeiZleba CaiTvalos mistiki -

sa da metafizikis nimuSad, xolo lao-Zi erT-

erT uzarmazar mistikosad kacobriobis is -

toriaSi~ (r. vilhelmi). CineTSi (da ara mxo lod

CineTSi) albaT arcerT wigns iseTi aRiareba da

popularoba ar rgebia wilad, rogorc `dao de

Zins~. amas aseTi faqtic metyvelebs: monRolTa

dinastiis xanaSi imperatori iuani avad ganewyo

daoizmisa da daosuri literaturisadmi. 1258

wels, xubilais TandaswrebiT, budistebsa da

daosebs Soris gaimarTa kamaTi centralur

aziaSi lao-Zis moRvaweobis nam dvilobis

Sesaxeb, rac daosuri tradiciiT iyo cnobili.

daosebi damarcxdnen, xua xu Zini dawves, xolo

1281 wels imperatoris brZanebiT dedaqalaqSi

Tavi mouyares mTels daosur wignebs, `dao de

Zinis~ gamoklebiT, da mis garda yvelaferi

cecxls misces.

12

`dao de Zinis~ Seqmnisa da misi avtorobis

sakiTxze uamravi azri da versia arsebobs. ro -

gorc TviT lao-Zis, ise `dao de Zinis~ biog ra -

fiac mistikiT aris moculi. erTni Tvlian, rom

lao-Zi gamogonili saxelia da rom `dao de Zini~

unda Seqmniliyo Zv.w. IV-III saukuneTa mijnaze

da unda SeedginaT igi legendidan mosuli

brZenis _ lao-Zis moZRvrebis mimdevrebs. me o -

re ni amtkiceben, rom lao-Zi istoriuli pi rov -

nebaa, cxovrobda Zv.w. VI-V saukuneTa mijnaze

da rom `dao de Zini~ misi Seqmnilia, xolo

Seiqmna igi _ erTi versiis mixedviT _ ian jus,

juan-Zis, Sen daos filosofiur Txzu lebaTa

daweris Semdeg. arsebobs azri, TiTqos lao-Zis

moZRvreba zepiri saxiT gavrcelebula, Semdeg

CauweriaT da SeudgeniaT mis mowa feebs da

uwodebiaT misTvis `lao-Zi~. `dao de Zinis~

rusul enaze mTargmnelis ian xin-Sunis

TvalsazrisiT, lao-Zi cxovrobda Zv.w. VI-V

saukuneTa mijnaze, mis moZRvrebas ki ukve V

saukuneSi hqonia didi aRiareba. `dao de Zini~

warmoadgens, _ ambobs igi, _ lao-Zis mim de var -

Ta da mowafeTa mier mis umTavres debulebaTa

gadmocemas.~ misi azriT, teqsti sabolood

CamouyalibebiaT Zv.w. IV saukuneSi. cnobili

frangi swavluli da mogzauri Jiuleni lao-Zis

dabadebis TariRad Zv.w. 604 w. asaxelebs. es

cnoba mas Cinuri apokrifuli wignebidan auRia.

es TariRia dasaxelebuli umTavresad yvelgan.

zogierTi dasavleTevropeli sinologi lao-

Zis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis drod Zv. w. mee-

qvse saukunes asaxelebs.

13

istorikos sima cians mohyavs sami sxvada -

sxva versia. pirvelis mixedviT lao-Zi gaigive-

bulia lao-danTan, konfucis moZRvarTan. meo-

res mixedviT lao-Zi gaigivebulia danTan,

romelic kon fucize adre cxovrobda da iyo

istoriog rafi. cnobil inglisel sinologs g.

jailzss daum tkicebia, rom stilis mixedviT

`dao de Zini~ ar unda ekuTvnodes im xanas, roca

lao-Zis cxovrebas adastureben. es Teoria

gauzia re bi aT sxvebsac, magram ara yvela pun-

qti. am azrs si no logebi ar miiCneven sabolood.

asea Tu ise, mTa vari mainc Txzulebis mniS v ne -

lo baa Cinuri da msoflio azrovnebis is to -

riaSi. amis Tao baze v. grube wignSi `CineTis

sulieri kultu ra~ wers: `albaT, arasodes mox-

erxdeba damakmayofileblad gadawydes sakiTxi,

marTla lao-Zis ekuTvnis Tu ara es wigni.

magram roca zogierTi sinologi ise Sors

mitopavs, rom mas gacilebiT gviandeli drois

Tamam SenaTxzad acxa debs, es kritikis uazro

sibejiTea, rac vera viTar saR da zomier gans-

jas ver uZlebs. visac ar unda mivakuTvnoT es

wigni, igi udaod yve laze Rrmaazrovan qmnile-

bas warmoadgens Ci nur filosofiaSi, xolo misi

avtori _ su ler Tia, lao-Zis saxels atarebda,

Tu raime sxvas _ SeiZleba SevracxoT yvelaze

origina lur da yvelaze TviTmyof, magram, imave

dros, yvelaze bundovan Cinel moazrovned~.

sino lo gi aSi mdidari literaturaa dagrovili

imis Se sa xeb, iyo Tu ara lao-Zi istoriuli

pirovneba. magram miuxedavad saintereso da

damajerebeli ar gumentebis simravlisa, aqamde

14

jer veravin daamtkica lao-Zis arsebobis faq -

ti, verc veravin uaryo igi. magram es rodia

arsebiTi, dRes CvenTvis arsebiTia erTi ram:

`dao de Zini~ ocdaxuTi saukunea arsebobs da

amdenive xania, rac legendam es wigni lao-Zis

saxels daukavSira. misi cxovreba naxevrad

mistikuri burusiT aris garemosili.

istorikos sima cianis mixedviT, brZeni ata -

rebda gvars li da saxels _ dan. `lao-Zi~ niS -

navs `moxuc filosofoss~. sikvdilis Semdeg

misTvis uwodebiaT `sen~ - grZelyura (vin icis,

iqneb imis gamoc, rom samyaros moZraobasa Tu

uZraobas smeniT aRbeWdili bgerebiT Wvretda).

cnobili Cineli mwerali da istorikosi go mo-

Jo wignSi `brinjaos saukune~ wers, rom cin-is

dinastiamde (221-220 ww. Zv. w.) aravin eWvobda,

lao-Zi rom saxel dans atarebda da rom is kon-

fucis moZRvari iyo. amis dasturad, ian xi-Su -

nis TqmiT, go mo-Jos mohyavs mTeli rigi cita -

tebi Zveli Cinuri Txzulebebidan: `juan-Zis~,

diui-Si Cun-ciusis matianedan, `xan fei-Zis~,

`li-Zis~ wignebidan, sadac konfucis mowafe

Zen-Zi oTxgzis ixseniebs Tavisi moZRvris naam-

bobs lao-ZisTan Sexvedris Sesaxeb.

erT-erTi gadmocemis mixedviT, lao-Zi

moRvaweobda saimperatoro karze, jous sasax -

lis wignTsacavis mTavar mwignobrad. impera-

toris davalebiT igi adgenda CineTis istoriis

matianes da icavda sxvadasxva saxis uZveles da

uZvirfases xelnawerebs. raRa Tqma unda, am

wignTsacavSi mas SeeZlo srulyofilad gascno-

boda Cinur werilobiT wyaroebs, ziareboda am

15

enaze dagrovil sibrZnes. safiqrebelia, rom

lao-Zis ukmayofileba Tavisi xalxis praq -

tikuli codnis gamo warmoSva swored am codnis

srulyofilma Secnobam. yovelive aman ubiZga

mas kritikuli damokidebuleba hqonoda im

eTikuri formebisadmi, riTac misi Tana-

medrove CineTi cxovrobda. man datova saxel -

mwifo samsaxuri, ukmayofilom sazogadoebrivi

da politikur-socialuri viTarebiT da gan -

mar tovda. emZima samefo karze cxovreba. mis -

Tvis miuRebeli iyo is zneoba, riTac samefo

kari cxovrobda: pirmoTneobiT, garyvnilebiT,

momxveWelobiT, medidurobiT. is ki iseT cxov -

rebas mieltvoda, sadac mSvidi Wvretisa da

fiqris SesaZlebloba eqneboda, sabolood rom

gaeazrebina Tavisi moZRvreba _ cxovrebis WeS -

mariti rwmenisa da gzis arsi, esoden aucilebe-

li Tavisi Tanamedrove mSfoTvare cxov re -

bisaTvis. amitom tovebs CineTs da dasavleTis

sazRvris gavliT `barbarosTa~ qveynebSi miem -

gzavreba (mouxilavs indoeTi da tibeti), rom

eziaros iqaur sibrZnes da darCenili cxovre-

bis wlebs Wvretasa da dumilSi atarebs sadRac,

miyruebul gamoqvabulSi, sadac SeuTxzavs ki -

dec Tavisi ukvdavi qmnileba. mas erTxel uT -

qvams: `me aravin micnobs~ da daumatebia: `magram

aris ca _ is micnobs me~. es sityvebi aRbeWdaven

lao-Zis asketur bunebasa da mis martoeul

cxovrebas.

erT-erTi Tqmulebis mixedviT, es istoria

Tu legenda aseTia: `qveynis Soreul sazRvarze

mde bareobda saguSago, risi gavliTac dasav le -

16

Tisaken mimavali mgzavri moxvdeboda im uxi lav

qveyanaSi, sadac meufebs sivanmu _ deda-dedo-

fali dasavleTisa. rogorRac er Txel sagu Sa -

gos ufross ucnauri ram Seu niSnavs: aR mo -

savleTidan, anu qveynis siRrmidan misken moiw-

evda araCveulebrivi iisferi Sefe ri lobis

Rrubeli. saguSagos ufrosi guan ini Wkviani

kaci yofila da maSinve mimxvdara, rasac

Rrubeli auwyebda: saguSagos uaxlovdeboda

dao Jen _ daos kaci. marTlac, sagu Sa gosTan

ma le gamoCenila xarze (azaverze) amxedrebuli

axovani moxuci. es lao-Zi iyo. guan ini roca

mim xvdara, rom lao-Zi samudamod tovebda

CineTs, TxovniT miumarTavs brZenTabr Ze nis -

Tvis: `moZ Rva ro! nuTu Sen gadaxvewaze fiq -

rob?! Tu es asea, gTxov dagvitovo Seni moZRv -

reba!~ lao-Zis dumiliT Seusrulebia Txovna,

dau weria xuTi aTa si sityvisagan Semdgari `dao

de Zini~ da samu damod ganSorebia CineTs. le -

gen dis mixed viT, swored im wels dabadebula

buda. lao-Zim aRasrula is, riTac sxvebs moZ Rv -

ravda: `kaci, raJams saqmes ganasrulebs: si -

martoveSi unda ukudges. kaci, saqmes rom aRas -

rulebs: sofliur usasrulobas unda SeerTos~.

idumalebiT moculi saxe xarze amxedrebuli

brZenisa, ro gorc es Cinurma ferweram aRbeWda,

iqca swored `dao de Zinis~ uxilav gmirad.

es legenda uaRresad mniSvelovan simbo lod

miaCniaT sinologebs. lao-Zi Sordeba misTvis

miuRebel konficiur CineTs da mie mar Teba da -

savleTis RvTismsaxurebisaken, ker Zod _ indu-

iz misa da budizmisaken. `dao da Zinis~ uxilavi

17

gmiris ltolva asketuri ganmartoebisaken,

dumilisa da Wvretisaken, arse bi Tad da pi ris pi -

reba iyo mTeli imJamindeli Ci nu ri eTi kuri da

religiuri Segnebisadmi. am le gen dis mixedviT

Seiqmna miTi diad da yov lism Z le moxucze, vis -

ganac iRebs Tavis dasabams dao iz mi. daoizmi iyo

gadasvla sruliad sxva re ligiur Segnebasa da

mdgomareobaSi, vidre CinelTa praqtikuli

racionalizmi da pragmatistuli eTika iyo.

daoizmi pirmSoa Ci nelTa Soris im erTaderTi

kacisa, visac em Zi ma bo lom de Cinelad yofna da

gaiqca akrZalul da sav leT Si, axali reli gi u ri

arsebobisaken. indoeTsa da tibetSi lao-Zis

gamgzavreba sxva sim bo losac Seicavs. legenda

mogviTxrobs brZe nis aTassaxovan gardasaxve-

bze, mis kvlav So basa da movlinebaze, mis gaRv -

Tae bebaze. gvari li imitom aqvs, rom igi dedam

wablis xis qveS (`li~) Soba. saxeli er imitom

aqvs, rom mas araC ve u leb rivad didi yurebi

hqonda. sima cianis mi xed viT lao-Zi ase gamo i yu -

reboda: maRali da axo vani, yviTeli pirisaxis,

lamazi warbebiT, far To SubliT, oTxkuTxa

piriT, uSno kbi le biT, sqeli tuCebiT, uzar -

mazari yurebi sammagi sasmeni xvrelebiT, didi

TvalebiT, fexebze _ aT-aTi TiTiT, xolo

xelisgulebze _ aT-aTi xa ziT. wminda cxovre-

bis gamo icocxla orasi weli.

lao-Zi SemTxveviT ar SeuracxavT wminda -

nad. man Tavisi cxovrebiT ganaxorciela is, ra -

sac qadagebda. religiurma gadmocemebma sao-

cari legendebi SeTxzes masze. lao-Zi iyo daos

gardasxeuleba da suli, usawyiso da dau sabamo

18

wya ro yofierebisa. uformo, ufero da uxmo, vi -

sac arc winaprebi hyavs, arc STa mo mavali. bne -

lia, magram TavisTavSi sulier arss Seicavs da

es arsi WeSmaritebaa. jous dinastiis dros

lao-Zis movlineba iyo misi erT-erTi avataro

anu kvlavSoba, gardasxeuleba. igi ramdenime-

jer aris gardasxeulebuli (yovelive es amsxv -

revda zRudeebSi moqceul racionalur war-

modgenebs adamianis arsebobis sasrul sazRv -

rebze: dabadebasa da sikvdils da sikvdilsa da

kvlavSobas Soris). lao-Zi iSva TavisiT _ usa -

wyi sod da usasrulod, igi ganu pirobebelia

drosa da sivrceSi. misi dabadebis axsna Seu Z -

lebelia. diad daosTan erTad rom moemarTeba,

qmnis samyaros, sicocxliT aRav sebs qveyniere-

bas. marad caSia. jous dinastiis dros kvlav

aRsdga gvarSi li da marcxena fer didan iSva

budas msgavsad. pirvelad aRsdga aTas xuTasi

wlis winaT, gamoeyo wminda haers, moTavsda

iaspis umSvenieresi qalwulis mucel Si, sadac

oTxmocdaerT weliwads dahyo. amitom iSva

TeTrTmiani. man Sexeda lis xes (wablis xes),

romlis ZirSic iSva da Tqva: es iqneba Cemi gvari.

sxva legenda ambobs: lao-Zi dedas Caesaxa ara

kacTan qorwinebiT, aramed miwaze daSve buli

varskvlavisagan. saidumlo nayofs, cisa da

miwis SeerTebiT Casaxuls, deda oTxmoc da erT

wels atarebda saSviloSi da bolos iSva WaRara

yrma.

erTi daosuri legendis mixedviT, impe ra -

to ri, verafriT rom ver miizida brZeni sasax -

leSi, Tavad ewvia mas. lao-Zi ar eTayvana. `Tumca

19

ubiwo xar, _ mimarTa imperatorma, _ mainc Cemi

qveSevrdomi xar, Cemzea damokidebuli sim-

didre da gamoCineba Seni.~ lao-Zi aiwia haerSi

da SeCerda RrublebSi, marcxena xeli cisken

aRapyro, marjvena _ miwisken da Tqva: `zeviT _

caSi da qveviT _ miwaze mxolod daoa Tay va -

niscemis Rirsi. axla, roca var maRla da miwaze

fexs ar vakareb haeriT garemosili, ras war-

moadgens, xelmwifeo, simdidre da gamo Ci neba

Seni~. imperatori amis Semdeg Tavad eTay vana

lao-Zis. legendis simbolo gvauwyebs, rom

imperatori _ gamomxatveli CineTizmis su li sa,

qeds ixris lao-Zis axali da diadi re li gi u ri

moZRvrebis winaSe. Tu rogori gaR vTi u re buli

iyo CineTSi lao-Zi, amas bevri faqti adas-

turebs. erT-erT ZvelCinur traqtatSi `mou-

Zi~ (II-III ss. ax. w.), rac Cineli budistis mieraa

dawerili da warmoadgens Cinur winarebudis-

tur Txzulebas, raTa daecva budizmi Tavdas -

xme bisagan da gaemarTlebina CineTSi misi arse-

boba, naTqvamia, rom buda diadia, rogorc sxva

brZen ni, rogorc, vTqvaT, lao-Zi, romelTac

eTa yvaneboda konfuci. Tumca maT saxelebs

(budasa da lao-Zis saxelebs) ar ixsenieben Zveli

konfuciuri wignebi. daosebma buda Ta vi anT

panTeonSi Seiyvanes da lao-Zi mis gverdiT

daayenes. xanis imperatorma xuan-dim 166 wels

erTdroulad mouwyo msxverplSewirvis ritua -

li rogorc budas, ise lao-Zis.

gviandroindel Cinur kultebSi yvelaze

umaRles wreSi sami didi religiis fuZemdebels

aTavseben: budas, lao-Zis, konfucis.

20

*

lao-Zi konfucis ufrosi Tanamedrove iyo.

si nologiaSi arsebobs varaudi maTi Sexved -

rebis Sesaxeb. SeiZleba es istoria sinamdvilec

iyos, SeiZleba _ legendac, magram mTavari aq es

rodia, mTavari is aris, rom cxadad avlens am

ori moZRvrisa da maTi moZRvrebis urTi er T -

gansxvavebas. am Sexvedram gamoavlina ori Zala

Cinuri msoflSemecnebisa: Zala, ramac CineTi

Ci neTad aqcia da ramac brZnuli wigni misca

`dao de Zinis~ saxiT CineTs.

jous epoqaSi, politikur Tu sxva mizezTa

gamo, bevrma miatova ojaxi, sazogadoeba da gan-

degilebad cxovrobdnen tyeebsa da gamoqva bu -

lebSi. `erT-erTi aseTi gandegili iyo Rrma da

originaluri moazrovne, vinc daoizmis fuZem -

deblad iqca. es iyo mixrwnilebaSi gadasuli

filosofosi lao-Zi, dabadebuli konfucize

or mocdaaTi wliT adre. lao-Zi ukve Rrma moxu-

ci iyo, roca misma didma Tanamedrovem aRiareba

moipova. darwmunebuli dacemul sau kunesTan

brZolis uazrobaSi, igi amayi zizRiT uyurebda

konfucis umweo cdebs~. konfucis erTi

Tanamoqalaqe uju Sexvedria lao-Zis. erT-erTi

saubris dros lao-Zis mwu xa re biT uTqvams:

`konfuci ar aris idealuri kaci, magram gauge-

baria _ rad uWiravs Tavi ase medi durad, ise,

TiTqos, Rrmad moazrovne kaci iyos~. lao-Zis

erT-erTi mimdevari gen san-Cu iuwye ba, rom mas

`Rrmad esmoda lao-Zis moZRv reba daos Sesaxeb

da cxovrobda CrdiloeTSi, miuval mTebSi. rom

mas uyvarda buneba da masTan stumrobdnen cod-

21

nis dauflebis wyur vi liT gulanTebuli adami-

anebi. magram igi axlos ar ikarebda yalbi

sikeTis mqadagebelT~. `yalbi sikeTis mqa da ge b -

lebSi~ igi konfucie lebs gulisxmobda.

juan-Zis wignidan Cans, rom lao-Zis hyolia

mowafeebi, erT-erT maTgans, ian Zi-Ziu ius ase

moZRv ravs lao-Zi: `brZeni kaci iSviaTad am -

JRav nebs Tavis niWierebas da mxolod Tavisi

arsebis srulqmnisaTvis iRvwis~. igi urCevda

mo wa feebs, ar emogzauraT saxelmwifoSi da ar

gaevrcelebinaT misi moZRvreba.

konfuci Tavisi mowafis Zi-lus rCeviT

swve via pirvelad lao-Zis, vinc uxalisod miiRo

igi. am Sexvedras varaudoben Zv. w. 517 wels. maqs

miuleris cnobiT, maSin lao-Zi oTxmocdarva

wlisa yofila, xolo konfuci _ ocdaTxuT me -

ti wlisa. istorikosi sima ciani ase agviwers

lao-Zis da konfucis Sexvedras: kun-Zi, jous

rom Cavida, lao-Zim miugo: kaci, viszec Sen axla

laparakob, ukve didi xania gaixrwna Tavis

ZvlebTan erTad da misgan mxolod sityvebiRa

SemogvrCa. keTilSobili raindi mSvidobia no -

bisas etlzea aRmjdari da saxelmwifo saqmee -

biT aris datvirTuli. SfoTis dros ki fexiT

daiareba qveynis erTi kuTxidan meore kuTxeSi.

me msmenia, rom Wkviani vaWari malavs Tavis sim-

didres da ise uWiravs Tavi, TiTqos araferi

ebados. aseve maRali zneobis brZeni mraval

Rirsebas flobs, magram cdilobs garegnobaSi

ar gaamJRavnos Tavisi zneoba da sibrZne. uku ag -

de Sen Seni siamaye, Seni vnebebi da mediduroba.

yovelive es ar mogitans Sen sargeblobas... sa -

22

mar Tlianoba da kacTmoyvareoba mxolod cari -

e li sityvebia, isini mxolod malaven sisastikes

da amwuxreben adamianTa gulebs. arasodes yo -

fi la samyaro aseTi areuli, rogorc axlaa... ca

da miwa bunebrivad inarCuneben uc vle lobas,

mze da mTvare bunebrivad anaTeben, varskv la -

vebs TavianTi bunebrivi ganlageba aqvT, ga reu -

li frinvelebi da mxecebi bunebrivad cxov ro -

ben, xeebi bunebrivad izrdebian. mtredi TeT ria

ara imitom, rom iRebeba. Tevzi wyalSi cocx -

lobs, xmeleTze ki iRupeba, mas ar SeuZlia mia-

tovos mdinare an tba. kargi iqneboda, Senc da -

gecva bunebiToba, damorCilebodi daos da des,

aucilebeli ar aris, aseTi guliTadobiT vav -

rcelebdeT moZRvrebas moyvasobasa da sa mar -

Tlianobaze. Seni moqmedeba magonebs kacs, da -

fdafebs rom scems da Tavad iubedurebs Tavs.

moZRvaro! amiT mxolod awuxeb adamianebs!..

am Sexvedris Semdeg sami dRe dumda Turme

konfuci. mowafeTa SekiTxvaze, Tu riT daupi-

ris pirda lao-Zis, upasuxnia: araTu davupiris -

pirdi, piris gaRebac ver SevZeli... me vici, rom

frinvelebma ician frena, Tevzebma ician curva,

cxovelebma ician srbola. magram isic vici, rom

yvela maTi SeCereba SesaZlebelia. rac Seexeba

dra kons, misi SeCereba SeuZlebelia. me ar vu -

wyi, rogor maRldeba igi cad qarsa da Rrub leb -

Si. me vnaxe lao-Zi, igi namdvili dra konia. igi

xan xilul arsebad warmomidga, xanac nisleul

arsebad. mas ZaluZs RrublebSi srbola da

inisa da ianis ciuri sxivebiT sunTqva. misi

SeCereba SeuZlebelia!..

23

Semdegi Sexvedris dros konfucis SeuCi-

vlia lao-ZisTvis: `me gamoveci poeziis wigni,

wigni istoriisa, adaT-wesebisa, traqtati

musikaze da cvalebadobaTa wigni. me davwere

matiane gazafxulisa da Semodgomisa. me vswav -

lob di Zvel mefeTa znes. me gavasxivosne brZen -

Ta uzenaesi qmedebani. da mainc aravin mTvlis

Rirsad mimsaxuros. rogorc Cans, Znelia xalxis

darwmuneba!~ lao-Zis miugia: `Zvel me feTa

memkvidreobas eqvsi Tavisufali xelov neba

Sead gens. is, rasac Sen iqm, umTavresad

moZvelebul magaliTebs eyrdnoba. Sen mxolod

Zvelis nakvaleviT midixar, axals arafers

qmni... is, rac gardasulia, SeuZlebelia misi

dab runeba. garduvalobas ver gaeqcevi, drois

mdinarebis SeCereba SeuZlebelia. daos ver

Caketav. vinc Seicno dao, bunebiTobis kanons

morCilebs, vinc ver Seicno dao, arRvevs bu -

nebiTobis kanons~. konfucim mowiwebiT mousmi-

na lao-Zis, drakonsac ki Seadara, magram ver-

aferi Seismina misgan. aseTi iyo lao-Zis bedi

mTels CineTSi: mas usmendnen da aRiarebdnen ki -

dec, Tumca mainc Seaqcia zurgi CineTs da axali

religiis mosaxilvelad sakuTar usas ru lo -

baSi gadaixvewa. mxolod mogvianebiT aRiares

misi moZRvreba. aki TviTonac ambobs erTgan: `o,

ra gviania sityva: brZnuli da daunjebuli!~

24

*

sinologebis saerTo azriT, `dao de ZinSi~

mocemulia stiqiuri dialeqtikis plastebic da

gulubryvilo materializmis elementebic. mas

ganixilaven idealizmis nimuSadac da masSi

mate rialistur tendenciebsac Wvreten. um Tav -

re si xazi mainc idealizmisken ixreba. Tumca zo -

gi erTi gamonaTqvami daos Sesaxeb mis material-

istur sawyisebsac gvafiqrebinebs. rusi mecni e -

ri da orientalisti a. a. petrovi lao-Zis obieq-

turi idealizmis erT-erT udides fuZem deb -

lad Tvlis ara mxolod Cinur, aramed msof lio

filosofiaSi, xolo mis moZRvrebas monistur

moZRvrebad miiCnevs da wers: `daoizmi, gamovle-

nili `dao de ZinSi~ da ganxiluli ro gorc abso-

luturi pirvelmizezi da samyaros arsi, war-

moadgens mkacr monistur sistemas. es obieqtu -

ri idealizmis nairsaxeobaa da lao-Zi, romel-

sac am teqsts miaweren, platonTan er Tad unda

vaRi aroT idealizmis skolis pirvelSemoq me -

dad msoflio filosofiaSi~. `dao de ZinSi~

mocemuli saganTa da movlenaTa wi na aR mdegoba

da cvalebadoba, magram dasabamis ucv leloba

da misi erTarsebad aRiareba, upirveles yov -

lisa, vlindeba daos kanonis absolu ti zaciaSi,

samyaros arsad mis gardasaxvaSi. bu nebis wina aR -

m degobriobas rom Wvretda, lao-Zi mis ga da wyv -

etas xedavda erTianobaSi. erTi a nobas aRia reb -

da saganTa warmoSobisa da cva le badoba _ ucv -

le lobis erTaderT safuZ v lad, radganac dao

erTiania da ganuyofeli. am erTianobis, anu

igive daos wvdoma ki, lao-Zis mixedviT, mxolod

25

gonebis WvretiTi Semec nebiT aris SesaZlebeli.

igi am gziT cdilobda aexsna yofierebis su li e -

ri azri, misi Sinagani kanonebi Tu kanon zo mie re -

bani. lao-Zis swamda, rom saganTa da movlenaTa

mswraflwarmaval dinebaSi ido raRac arsebiTi

_ ucvleli da maradiuli. am mara diulobisa da

WeSmariti mSvenierebis xilva mxolod gone bis -

TvaliT aris SesaZlebeli, WeSmariti sikeTe ki

mxolod Cvens suls ecxadeba. yovelive nivTieri

da saxieri lao-Zis yofierebis albaTobad

esaxeboda. misTvis ucvleli, uZravi da maradi-

uli mxolod daoa _ momcveli da dasabami mTe -

li yofierebisa da aryofnisa.

cneba dao Cinur azrovnebaSi lao-Zimdec

arsebobda, mas iyenebda TiTqmis yvela Cineli

filosofosi, maT Soris konfucic, magram am

cnebaSi sxvadasxva azrs debdnen. lao-Zim sru-

liad axali da gansxvavebuli mniSveloba mia -

niWa daos. rogorc sinologebi gadmogvcemen,

es cneba jerac bolomde gauxsneli da daudge -

nelia mecnierebaSi, mas yvela Taviseburad gan-

martavs. maqs miuleri werda: `erTi ram cxadia,

rom kacobriobis filosofiur da reli giur

ganviTarebaSi araviTari warmodgena ar ar -

sebobda imgvar warmomavlobasa da ganvi Ta -

rebaze, rogoric aris Cinuri dao. yvela erT -

xmad aRiarebs, rom Tavdapirvelad dao niS nav -

da biliks, anu gzas. magram Semdeg man Seicvala

Tavisi mniSvneloba~.

Cinuri filosofiuri azris ganviTarebis

sxva dasxva istoriul etapze daos cneba sxva da -

sxva Sinaarss Seicavda. rogorc ian xin-Sui gad-

26

mogvcems, cneba dao grafikulad gamoisaxebo-

da ori nawilisagan Semdgari ieroglifiT: Tavi

da svla. maTi SeerTebiT vRebulobT erTian

cnebas: svlis mTavari mimarTuleba, igive `moZ -

ra obis ZiriTadi mimarTuleba~, anu gza. pir -

veli Cineli moazrovneebi farTod iyenebdnen

daos cnebas adamianis `gzis~, `mimar Tulebis~,

`ZiriTadi kanonis~ moZraobis zneo b rivi da

eTikuri TviTsrulqmnis gamosaxatavad. Tan da -

Tan cneba dao iZens sxvadasxva mniS vne lobebs.

erT-erT uZveles Cinur wignSi `Zo-juanSi~

daos aRniSavdnen `Setyobinebis~, `moZ ra obis

xazis~ mniSvnelobiT, xolo wignSi `li-Zi~ dao

gaigivebulia `amosavalTan~, `dasabamTan~. es

cnebebi gamoxataven rogorc samyaroul kano -

nebs, ise adamianuri cxovrebis kanonebsac. dao

ga moxatavs samyaros udiades gzasac da adamian-

is zneobrivi cxovrebis gzasac. amis safuZ vel -

ze warmoiSva cnebebi `dao-de~: `gza _ saT no -

eba~ anu `saTnoebis gza~. dao ara marto gzas da

eTikur gansazRvrebas _ saTnoebas aRniSnavs,

aramed azrovnebis kanonsac _ logikas.

`dao de ZinSi~ cneba dao iZens mkveTrad ga mo -

xatul ontologiur Sinaarss, samyaros arsis,

samyaros pirvelmizezis mniSvnelobiT, agreTve

kanonzomierebas, rac arsiseulia bu ne bisa da sa -

zo gadoebis yvela sagnisa da mov lenisaTvis.

upirveles yovlisa, am TxzulebaSi dao ganix-

ileba rogorc wyaro sinamdvilis daus rulebadi

mra valferovnebisa. dao uad re sia yovel arsTa

wi naprisa, magram aravin uwyis, saidan iSva igi.

dao gvecxadeba rogorc upi rovno, arasaxieri

27

da sa bami, bunebamdeli arsi, warmomSobi yofiere-

bisa. samyaros es maradiu li da ucvleli pirvel -

sa wyisi, udidesi da yov lisdamtevi dasabami mxo -

lod TviTmoZraobis sakuTar kanonebs emor Ci -

le ba. aRiarebulia, rom Zvel Cinel brZenTa So -

ris lao-Zim pirvelma mogvca daos yovelmxrivi

dasabuTeba da ana lizi ara rogorc mxolod fi -

lo sofiuri kate go riisa, aramed rogorc re li -

gi uri arsisa. lao-Zis daos Cinelebi ganixilaven

ro gorc logossac, samyaroul gzasac, RmerT -

sac, samyaros pirvelmizezsac, sulier potenci-

asac, wminda da transcendetalur yofierebasac.

Zveli Cineli filosofosi da `dao de Zinis~ erT-

erTi pirveli komentatori van bi ase gan saz Rv -

ravs daos: `uZravia! carielia! ara aqvs arc saxe-

ba, arc sxeuli, ar moeZeveba Tavisive msgavsi.

amitom Tqmula masze: ar icvleba~.

daoizmis meore didi warmomadgenlis juan-

Zis mixedviT daos axasiaTebs: `swrafva da umc-

daroba~, magram igi `moklebulia moqmedebasa

da formas~. dao `Ziri da dasabamia Tavisive

Tavisa~, arsebobs `uadres cisa da miwis~, `arse-

bobs uxsovrobidan~. dao araTu `uxsovrobidan

arsebobs~, Seswevs Zali `sasicocxlo Zala

mianiWos sulebsa da winaprebs, Svas ca da miwa~.

dao Semoqmedia yoveli arsisa. juan-Zis mi xed -

viT, bunebiTia daoc da cac, radganac daom Sva

ca. misi gamoTqma `cisgan ganrideba~ guli s x -

mobs bunebiTobis kanonis darRvevas, mis xel yo -

fas. dao cis uadresia. aqedan gamomdinare, dao

caze maRla mdgomi arsebaa, igi caze adreulia

drosa da sivrceSi.

28

lao-Zis mixedviT dao ase gamoiyureba: dao

aris absoluturi dasabami, Semqmneli yoveli

arsisa, yovelives pirvelmizezi, Ziri yofiere-

bisa, dasabami samyarouli Semecnebisa. dao

sicarielea, is uferoa, umzer da ver xedav,

usxeuloa _ exebi da ver wvdebi; is `idumali

mdedria~. uxmoa: usmen da ar gesmis; dao mSvi -

dia, ganmxoloebulia, ucvlelia. yvelgan da

yvelaferSi mimoiZvris, magram safrTxe ara-

sodes emuqreba. movlenebi misi wyalobiT gan-

icdian cvalebadobas, misi wiaRidan amoedi -

nebian da mis wiaRSive inTqmebian. igi uformoa

da mizezia yvela formaTa, maradiulia, erTi -

ania, dasabamieria, usamzRvroa, gamou T qmelia,

uwiaRo wiaRia, amouwuravia. dao yov lis mom -

cvelia, yvelgan ganfenilia da samyaros dam -

bad ebelia, yvela momdevno ierarqiaSia

SeWrili, _ ciT da miwiT dawyebuli da adami a -

niT damTavrebuli. yvela da yvelaferi mas mor -

Cilebs: ca, miwa, xelmwife, xalxi. dao gzaa,

razec miedineba mTeli organuli da araorgan-

uli samyaro; igi sayovelTao obieqturi kanon-

zomierebaa bunebisa, kanonia qveynis mmarTve-

lobasa da calkeul adamianTa qmedebaSi. dao

arsebobisa da sagnebis jamia, movlenaTa sam-

yaro da maTi simwyobrea. is aris yvelaferi da

araferi, raoba da araoba, aravis Seuqmnia, yove-

lives is iqms da yovelive masSi ukuiqceva. misi

wvdoma SeuZlebelia grZnobis organoebiT.

araferi, rasac vxedavT, rac gvesmis, rasac

SevigrZnobT, rasac vgebulobT _ ar aris dao.

araferTan misi Sedareba ar SeiZleba. Tavad

29

usaxeloa, magram sxvebs aniWebs saxels da sax-

elwodebas. dao sityvebiT ar gamoiTqmis.

Tumca dao yovelTvis winamZRvrobs, yvelaze

udablesia da ar mZlavrobs. Tumca yovelive mas

morCilebs, Tavis Tavs ar Tvlis meufed. ar

medidurobs da Tavis umTavres Tvisebad sis-

ustes miiCnevs.

dao dafarulia, ganusazRvrelia da ga nu -

mar tavi, arasaxieri arsia yofierebisa. mas ar

gaaCnia arc nebeloba, arc cnobiereba. is ganu-

rCevlobaa, maradiulia da ucvleli, magram

samyaroSi es erTianoba da ganurCevloba vlin-

deba rogorc mravalsaxovneba, rogorc

yofiereba mravalferovani formebisa da mov -

lenebisa. arqimandrit xrisanfis azriT, dao

aris samyaros substancia panTeisturi war -

modgeniT. xilvadi, anu nivTieri samyaro aris

daos gamovlena misi aranamdvili, yofi erebis

dabali formiT. namdvili yofiereba mdgomare-

obs am saxieri, nivTieri yofierebis uar yofaSi,

arsebuli wuTisoflis moTxovnebis daviwye -

baSi da TviTWvretis gziT daos yofierebaSi

SeRweva, anu sicarieleSi, aryofnaSi gaTqvefa.

dao aris `wylebi uxilavi Webisa~.

lao-Zi daos Seimecnebda rogorc dafarul

arsebobas, rogorc aryofnas. dao Seesabameba

qaoss da aris sawyisi cisa da miwis. Seqmnis mere

dao faruli mdgomareobidan gadadis cxadier

arsebobaSi, ararsebobidan arsebobaSi, aryof -

nidan warmoiSveba yofiereba. aryofna da yofi -

ereba erTia. Tumca gamovlenaSi oria, orives

saxeli erTia: dao. igi aris gzac da substanci-

30

ac, risi Secnobac mxolod gonmWvretelobiT

Tu SeiZleba. Cineli moazrovneebidan mxolod

lao-Zim ar miiRo samyaro rogorc faqti, rac

daeqvemdebareboda mxolod mocemuli faqtis

sazRvrebis axsnas da iqneboda gamomdinare sam-

yaros arsebobis grZnobiTi aRqmidan. lao-Zi

erTaderTi iyo, vinc cdilobda yofierebis

arsis gonWvretiT wvdomas. aqedan gamomdinare,

misi moZRvrebis mixedviT, dao Seimecneba

gonWvretiT da Tavis sakuTar yofierebaSi igi

uwmindesi sulia. vladimer soloviovi lao-

Zis aRiarebs `yviTeli rasis udiades da, SeiZ -

leba, erTaderT gonmWvretel ubrZenes fi lo -

sofosad~. da WeSmaritad, lao-Zi fiqrobda,

rom arsebobs umaRlesi samyaro, rac mxo lod

Cvens gonebas ecxadeba. xilvadi yofiereba Se -

zRudulia da dasrulebadi, amdenad warmaval-

ic aris. amitom mas aqvs sawyisi. misi sawyisi aris

dao, rac araviTar ganzomilebas ar emor -

Cileba. dao maradiuli yofierebaa da amitom ar

eqvemdebareba cvalebadobas. subs tanciaSi misi

arseboba srulqmnasa da neta rebaSi, maradis-

obasa da ukvdavebaSi arsebobaa. daos mflo-

beli iZens bunebaze gabatonebis Zalas da mara-

diuli xdeba, anu sxva arsSi maradiulad ga -

dasaxlebadi sulia. dao arsebobs TavisTavad,

Tavis TavSi da arafer garemyofze ar aris da -

mokidebuli. mas ara aqvs mizezi, arc arafris

Sedegi ar aris, Tavad aris sakuTari Tavis Sem -

qmne lica da dasabamic. `miwa cis kanons mor -

Cilebs. ca daos kanons morCilebs. dao daos

kanons morCilebs~.

31

lao-Zis mixedviT, mTeli samyaro ganixile-

ba rogorc arsTa bunebiTi ganviTarebis daus-

rulebadi mdinareba. dao Tavis Sinagan gan -

viTarebaSi badebs samyaros yvela mraval fe -

rovnebas, ramdenadac igi Tavis TavSi Seicavs

subs tanciur marcvals yovel arsTa da mov le -

naTa. igi ganimarteba rogorc uaryofa da Tavis

TavSi yofierebis yvela SesaZleb lo bas Seicavs.

daos wvdoma, daosuri moZRvrebis erT-erTi Zi -

ri Tadi gaazrebis mixeviT, SesaZ lebelia mxo -

lod mistikuri Wvretis gziT. amitom qadageben

isini srul gankerZoebas, gan dgomas yofiTi sam-

yarosagan, saganTa mgrZno beluri wvdomisagan

da qadageben asketizms, morCilebas, bune bi -

Tobas. arqimandriti xrisanfi wers: `samyaro

aris daos gamovlena mis cxadier, yofierebis

dabal formaSi. WeSmariti yofiereba mdgomare-

obs am arara, xilvadi yofierebis uaryofaSi...

lao-Zi aRiarebs asketizms, ase ucxos Cinuri

su lisaTvis, da gonmWvretelobas, ase Seuc -

nobads CineTis erovnul brZenTagan. swored es

asketizmia gza maradiul daosTan SeerTebisa.

daunjebuli adamiani Tavisufldeba yofiere-

bis batonobisagan da Seerwymis daos~.

lao-Zi aRiarebs, rom dao ara marto Sobs

yo vel arss, aramed dedobrivi mzrunve lo bi -

Tac eqceva maT. is SeuRwevadSi aRwevs, um ci re -

si caa da udidesic, nawilicaa da mTelic. dao

sam yaros erTianobaa. adamianis gonebas ar Ses -

wevs unari, warmoidginos masze umaRlesi arse-

ba. igi flobs Tavis Sinagan erTarsebobas da ga -

nu yoflobas. is mxolod Tavis Tavs morCilebs

32

da erTarsebaa. erTarseba rom ar iyos, ar iq -

nebo da absoluturi yofiereba. dao mZle Ta m -

Zlea, Tumca sustia da nazi, radganac usxeulo

gonia. ramdenadac igi susti da nazia, imdenad

ufro Zlieria, susti da nazi maradiulad

cocxlobs. dao qmnis sagnebs, magram gvecxadeba

ro gorc upirovno, ucvleli substanciuri gan -

sazRvreba, rogorc ganyenebuli pirvelsaxe.

igi uformo formaa, usaxo saxebaa. dao aris er -

Ti a ni. dao aris aryofna, rac Seicavs yofiere-

bis yve la SesaZleblobas. `ukuqcevadia daos

moZ ra obis gza~, magram is yovelTvis ucvlelia

Ta vis absolutur arsSi. `dao de ZinSi~ vkiT xu -

lobT: `dao carielia. carielia, magram amovli -

nebisas: amoulevelia~. daoSi ikrebs Tavs yve la

winaaRmdegoba da Tanxmierdeba. daos erT-erTi

uZiriTadesi Tvisebaa gamovlenis TviTbu neb -

iToba. daos mudam Tan axlavs: `ar aris~. misi

predikati rom `aris~ iyos, maSin igi yvela

danarCeni sagnis rigSi Cadgeboda. is, rac `aris~

_ icvleba. is rac `ar aris~ _ ar icvleba.

cvaleba doba aris moZraobis gamovlena. yovel-

nairi moZraoba Tavisi bunebiT dasrulebadia,

amitom dasrulebadia `yoveli arsic~, rac

icvleba, anu moZraobis mdgomareobaSi imyofe-

ba. dao ar icvleba. amitom igi ar imyofeba moZ -

raobaSi, aramed uZravia da ucvalebeli.

legisturi skolis erT-erTi udidesi war -

mo madgeneli xan fei wignSi `xan fei Zi~ xa tov -

nad ganmartavs daosa da des cnebebs: `aRmo ce -

nebad xes aqvs rbili (gaSlili) fesvebi da aqvs

swori (vertikaluri) fesvi. swori fesvi aris is,

33

rasac lao-Zis wignSi dasabami ewodeba. da sabami

aris is, riTac mkvidrdeba xis sico cx le, xolo

rbili fesvebi aris is, riTac mtkic deba xis sic-

ocxle. de aris is, riTac mkvidrdeba adamianis

sicocxle. keTildReoba aris is, ri Tac mtkic -

deba adamianis sicocxle~. jer ki dev inis epo -

qaSi udides mniSvelobas ani Webdnen des. erT-

erT uZveles Cinur fi lo so fiur Txzu le baSi

`pan geni~ weria: `Cven yvelani erT su lov nebiTa

da saTnoebiT aRvsilni unda vi yoT erTmane Ti -

sadmi~. de saTnoebas niSnavs. mag ram igi ufro

Rrma da kompleqsuri Sinaarsis cne baa, vinem

saT noeba. de aris calkeul in di vid Si daos in -

di vidualuri gamovlenis forma. igi individis

zneobrivi srulqmnis da daosTan misi Tan xmo -

bis gamomxatvelia. ian iungos gan mar tebiT,

ieroglifi de uZveles Cinur sam kiT xao Zvlebis

warwerebze aRiniSneboda siun-iT, rac mor Cils

niSnavs. es yofila igive ie rog li fi ji, rac

samarTlians niSnavs. Zveli war mod geniT ji

yofila igive de. ieroglifi de ki niSnavs

Tanxmobas, anu mSvidobas adami a neb Tan da saku -

Tar TavTan mimarTebaSi. jous epoqas cneba de

inis imperiisagan SeuTvisebia mem kvid re o biT.

jouelebi Turme TviT aRiarebdne amas: `inis

brZeni mefeni des aRiarebdnen qcevis nimuSad.

amis Sedegad xalxi sixaruliTa da neba yof lo -

biT asrulebda Tavis movaleobas. Cven aRf r To -

vanebuli varT maTi xelmwifebiT~.

rogorc aRvniSneT, de daos saxea, indi vi d -

Si ganxorcielebuli. de gamoxatavs pirov nebis

zneobriv srulqmnas, rac daos mor Ci le biT

34

miiRweva da niSnavs bunebasTan absolutur

Tanxmobas. de is aris, rac cisa da miwis wyalo -

biT aris boZebuli, riTac Zlierdeba in da ian

Za lebi. de adamianuri cxovrebis idealuri

kanonia, daoizmis ZiriTadi eTikuri sawyisi da

cnebaa. ase rom, de ganekuTvneba adamianis bune -

bis wvrTnisa da aRzrdis sferos, adamianis zne -

o bis kanonebsac da mmarTvelobis kanonebsac.

rogorc ki dairRveva zneobisa da mmarTve lo -

bis kanonebi, maSinve uTanxmoeba da ganxeTqi le -

ba iwyeba. jous dinastielni, inis epoqis sauke -

Teso tradiciebs rom agrZelebdnen, inis dinas-

tiis damxobis ZiriTad mizezad imas Tvlidnen,

rom inis xelmwifeni ar zrunavdnen xalxis zne -

ob riv amaRlebaze, `arRvevdnen mmarTve lo bis

kanonebs da uaryofdnen saTnoebis aRzrdis

safuZvlebs~. jouelebma gacilebiT maRal sa -

fe xurze aiyvanes saTnoebis safuZvlebis daka -

noneba xalxSic da saxelmwifo mmarTve lobaSic.

isini dabejiTebiT aRiarebdnen: `sruliad cxa -

di da naTelia, rom iq, sadac mmarTveloba mokr -

Zalebasa da saTnoebis safuZvlebs eqvemdebare-

ba, SeuZlebelia uwesrigoba warmoiSvas~. maT T -

vis saTnoebis ZiriATadi praqtikuli gamoxatu -

leba iyo wesrigi. jous epoqaSi des gamomxatve-

lad Semdegi cnebebi iqca: mSvidoba, aRorZineba,

simarTle, naTliereba, megobroba.

`dao de ZinSi~ cneba de ori ZiriTadi mniS -

vnelobiT vlindeba. farTo mniSvnelobiT igi

aRniSavs daos ZiriTad Tvisebebs, xolo Seda -

rebiT viwro mniSvnelobiT adamianis saTnoebis

ganmsazRvrel cnebas, eTikur da zneobriv ka te -

35

gorias. lao-Zim, Tanamedrove sazogadoebis

dacemis mizezebs rom eZiebda, Seqmna iseTi

moZRvreba, rasac WeSmaritebis gzaze unda

daeyenebina adamiani. amitom igi zneobas ganix-

ilavs, rogorc amaRlebulsa da sulier kate-

gorias, zneobis ganmsazRvrelad ki mas miaCnda

dao _ dasabami samyarosi. daos morCilebas

sikeTed aRiarebda, daos uaryofas _ borote-

bad. pirveli maradisobaa, meore warmavloba:

`vinca morCilebs daos: daos Tanaarsia. vinca

morCilebs des: des Tanaarsia. vinca morCilebs

warmavals: warmavlis Tanaarsia~. dao, rogorc

samyaros miuwvdomeli arasaxieri arsi, abso-

luturi arara (anu aryofna), cxadierdeba da

Seimecneba gamovlinebebis anu des wyalobiT.

dao droisa da sivrcis gareT mdgomia, daus-

rulebloba da absoluturi substanciaa. TviT

cac ki daos morCilebs, dao ki mxolod sakuTar

Tavs. aseTia bunebiTi gza yoveli arsis arsebo-

bisa. dao Sobs yovelives, magram es yovelive

mxolod des meSveobiT vlindeba saxed. de

umaRlesi saTnoebaa, daos wvdomis saxieri

formaa. van bis gamoTqmiT _ `dao isaa, saidanac

iSvis yoveli arsi~. Tuki dao substanciuri

bunebisaa, de misi mudmivi da ganuyofadi gamov-

linebaa, misi aucilebeli da arsiseuli Tviseba

da kanonzimierebaa. Tuki dao wyaroa daba de -

baTa da aRmocenebaTa, de formaa xilvadi sam-

yaros ganviTarebisa. am genetikur kavSirs lao-

Zi ase gadmogvcems: `dao Sobs yovel arss. de

kvebavs yovel arss, xorcqmnis da mfarvelobs

maT. zrdis da awifebs maT. srulqmnis da wina m -

36

ZR v robs maT. mzrunvelobs da Tanalmobs maT~.

TavianT moqmedebaSi dao da de mudmiv da ganuy-

ofad kavSirSi arian, de emorCileba daos. dao

aris zogadi kanoni, risi wyalobiTac suldgmu-

lobs yoveli arsi. xolo de aris daos kerZo

kanoni, risi wyalobiTac suldgmulobs cal ke -

u li sagani, maT Soris adamianic. juan-Zi imeo-

rebs lao-Zis azrs: `daos gareSe ar iSvis yo ve -

li arsi, xolo des gareSe ar vlindeba maTi si -

co cxle~. yoveli arsic imitom suldgmulobs,

rom ganuxrelad morCilebs daos.

dao dafaruli dasabamia da arsia samya ro -

si, misi Secnoba mxolod xiluli samyaroTia Se -

saZ lebeli. daos Semecneba xorcieldeba qao -

sidan misi gaTavisuflebis, misi brwyinvalebis

dacxromis, mtvris nawilakebTan misi Serwymis

Sedegad. Semecnebis procesSi _ erTi safexu -

ri dan meoreze gadasvlisas uxilavi daodan

xilvad de-ze _ adamiani aRmoaCens mudmiv, uc -

v lel raRacas, rac nivTier sagnebsa da mov le -

nebSi Zevs. lao-Zi am mudmiv ganzomilebas

uwodebs des, risi SemecnebiTac mivwvdebiT

uxi lav, uxmo, umcires daos. `dao de ZinSi~

cneba de moxmobilia saganTa an mis atributTa

mudmivi Tvisebebis mniSvnelobiT. socio lo -

giuri TvalsazrisiT ki mas eTikuri normis, anu

saTnoebis, zneobrivi srulqmnis mniS vne lo ba

eniWeba. amnairad, de aris daos sxeulebrivi

gamovlena, des wyalobiT vlindeba dao saganTa

samyaroSi. orives erTi Ziri kvebavs. lao-Zi

ambobs: `vinca daipyra vnebebi: ixila dao

dafarulisa. vinca daipyra vnebebma: ixila dao

37

yofierisa. erTia orives dasabami. sxvadasxva _

saxelebia. am dasabams _ dafaruli hqvia~. am

SemTxvevaSi cneba `dao yofierisa~ des sinoni-

mad unda iqnas aRqmuli.

`dao de ZinSi~ xSirad gvxvdeba iseTi zneob -

rivi Tvisebebis gamomxatveli cnebebi, rogo ri -

caa: kacTmoyvareoba, zomiereba, mom Wir neoba,

mok rZaleba. kacs yovel wams daRupva emuqreba,

Tuki uaryofs am zneobriv Tvisebebs. amitom

adamianis bunebaSi mTavaria de, anu daos saxi e -

ri gamocxadeba. de, rogorc adamianSi myofi

uma R lesi eTikuri sawyisi, moiTxovs gamudme-

bul srulqmnas, risi wyalobiTac eTikuri kano -

nebi iZenen zemoqmedebis gansakuTrebul Zalas.

dao da misi mudmivi gamovlineba de maradi -

ul ni da ucvlelni arian TavianT moqmedebaSi.

maTi wyalobiT xorcieldeba bunebasa da sazo -

ga doebaSi dausrulebeli procesebi cvale ba -

do baTa da gardaqmnaTa, saganTa da movlenaTa

dausrulebeli wrebrunva.

*

lao-Zis moZRvrebaSi erT-erTi centra lu -

ri adgili bunebiTobis kanons uWiravs. lao-Zi

fiqrobda, rom boroteba, surosaviT rom exve -

oda CineTs, kerZod ki jous epoqis imperias,

tradiciuli eTikisa da zneobis aRorZinebaSi

mdgo mareobda, e. w. `netar xelmwifeTa moZRv -

rebis~ aRiarebaSi, rasac konfuci efuZneboda.

lao-Zim amitom daisaxa miznad mieca xal xisa T -

vis bunebiT yofierebas dafuZnebuli moZ R v re -

ba. igi, konfucis sapirispirod, ar cdila ada -

38

mi a nebisaTvis Tavs moexvia Tavisi Tvalsazrisi

da zegavlena moexdina maTze. es daarRvevda

bunebiTobis kanons da misive msoflmxedvelo-

bis sawinaaRmdego iqneboda (gaixseneT konfu-

cisa da lao-Zis dialogi bunebiTobis Sesaxeb).

yalbi qadagebiT ki ar cdila daexsna kaci dabne -

u lobisagan, aramed surda aRedgina adamianSi

pirvelqmnili mdgomareoba, roca adamiani jer

kidev ar icnobda rituals. roca jer kidev ar

iyo Secnobili mSveniereba _ simaxinjis sapi -

ris pirod, ar iyo Secnobili sikeTe _ borote-

bis sapirispirod. es iyo diadi Tanxmobisa da

erTianobis, bunebiTobis umwikvlo mdgomareo-

ba. upirveles yovlisa, vin da ra aris bunebiTi?

dao. daoa bunebiTobis safuZvelTa safuZveli.

odes kaci bunebis Sesabamisad moqmedebs, dao

da de bunebrivad iZvrian mis sulSi, mis tanSi.

am dros kaci daos Sesatyvisad moqmedebs. dao

maSin moqmedebs bunebiTad, odes sulSi arc

ganzraxvaa, arc motivebi, arc Zalmomreoba,

arc moqmedeba. buneba ver itans raime garegnul

Carevas. vinc cdilobs Secvalos saganTa bu ne -

bi Ti svla, daumorCilos igi Tavis pirad miz -

nebs, aucileblad damarcxdeba. lao-Zi amitom

ambobs: `vinca mZlavrobiT eufleba samya ros:

aqedanve vWvret _ ver miaRwevs sawa dels. sam-

yaro saidumlo WurWels hgavs: Sexeba misi ar

egebis. vinca Seexeba: xelyofs mis Tan xmo bas.

vinca daeufleba: umalve dahkargavs mas~. adami-

ans ar Seswevs Zala Secvalos saganTa bunebiTi

moZraoba, radganac igi Tavad aris obieqturi

samyaros nawili da mis kanonebs emor Ci le ba.

39

umaRlesi codniT aRWurvili brZe ni anu

yovladbrZeni Tavisi sibrZnis wya lo biT unda

daubrundes pirvelqmnil mdgomareobas da ga -

nur Cevlobas, rogorc Cvili. lao-Zi ambobs: `me

ubralo var. me erTi var mSvidad da uCi narad. me

arvin mixmobs. me yrmas vgavar, vinca jerac ar

mov lenila~. dasabamSi dab runeba ierarqiulia,

igive srulqmnisaken mimswrafi gzaa da

uzarmazar Zalas moiTxovs. amitom aris, rom:

`vin ca umaRles siwmindes flobs: gankicxuls

hgavs. vinca umaRles zneo bas flobs: briyvs

hgavs~. swored `gankicxuloba~, `sibriyve~, `gu -

li sulelisa~ pirvelqmni lo bisa da bune bi To -

bis sinonimebad unda aRviq vaT. samyaros kosmo -

lo giur da metafizikur gaaz rebaSic igive su -

ra Tia: `uudides oTxk uT xeds kuTxeebi ar uCas.

uudi des WurWels didxans amzadeben. uumZ lav -

re si xma _ uxmoa. uudidesi saxeba _ usaxieria~.

ro ca lao-Zi uaryofs `mecnierobas~, igive

`cru metyvelebas~ (da ara azrov nebasa da Sina -

gan codnas, wminda sib r Znes), mas mxedvelobaSi

aqvs daos absoluturi ganurCevlobis wvdoma

wminda suliTa da wminda, Tanxmobadaur Rve ve -

li, gonebis ZaliT.

daosisTvis mTavari iyo ara winaparTa sib r -

Zne Tavisi didebuli tradiciebiT, ara kac T -

moy vareobisa da samarTlianobis qadageba so -

ci alur urTierTobebSi, aramed bunebiTi ub ra -

lo eba da simartive, vnebaTa da survilTa daT -

r gunva da am gziT simSvidis mopoveba. daoizmis

pirveli adeptebic sisadavesa da azris sicxa -

des, morCilebasa da Tanalmobas, bunebiTobasa

40

da umoqmedobas qadagebdnen. `dao de Zinis~ mi -

xed viT, es aris yvelaze didi sibrZnec, kacT -

moy vareobaca da samarTlianobac. rituali ki,

ra sac konfuci qadagebda, mxolod zRudavs

ada mianis bunebiT ganviTarebas. lao-Zisa da

konfucis saubrebidan aSkarad Cans bune bi To -

bis kanonTan maTi gansxvavebuli damokidebu -

leba, rac saxelmwifoebriv, sazogadoebriv da

pirovnul sferoebSi Taviseburad airekleba.

konfucis miaCnda, rom misi saukunisaTvis au -

cilebeli iyo sagnebisaTvis saxelebis darqme-

va. mas surda, rom adamiani yofiliyo kacT mo -

yva re da ewodebinaT amisTvis kacTmoy va reoba,

ada mians aResrulebina Tavisi movaleoba mSob -

lebisadmi da ewodebinaT amisTvis movaleoba,

adamiani yofiliyo erTguli Tavisi xel mwifisa

da ewodebinaT amisTvis erTguleba. lao-Zi

sxva nairad fiqrobda: `odes diadi wesrigi dam -

yar da: yovels Tavisi saxeli ewoda. sa xe lebma

dasamzRvres saganTa samzRvrebi. vinca Sed ga da

Seico saganTa samzRvrebi: saf rTxi sa gan daixs-

na Tavi~. lao-Zi Tvlida, rom Tuki ada mianebma

uwyian, isini rom kacTmoyvareni, mowiwebulni

da erTgulni arian da aRniSnaven kidec amas, es

imas niSnavs, rom arsi gamqrala da mxo lodRa

mi si aCrdili darCenila. mtredi banaobisagan

ar aris TeTri, yvavic imitom ki ar aris Savi,

rom iRebeba. mtredma rom banaoba daiwyos, yvav-

ma ki Rebva, gana es ar iqneba niSani imisa, rom maT

daukargavT TavianTi bunebiTi feri da saxe?

kac Ta modgmac asea. yvela rom namdvilad kac T -

moyvare, mowiwebuli da erTguli iyos, aravin

41

gansjida am cnebaTa Sinaarss da arc aravis das -

Wirdeboda maTi xseneba. yvela rom saTno iyos,

mankierebaTa saxelwodebebic ar amotivtivde-

boda adamianis gonebaSi. duglasi wers: `lao-Zi

Tavis gamoTqmebSi iseve maRla dgas konfucize,

rogorc qristes mcnebani moses kanonebze. kon-

fuci mieltovda WurWlis garegnul ganwmen-

das, ritualisa da ceremoniis uc v lel aRs ru -

le bas rogorc samefo karze, ise sam saxurSi Tu

ojaxSi, sadilobis drosa da sa wolSi wolis po -

zis wesebis dacvas. magram lao-Zi Sors wavida

da, bunebis ucvleli kano ne bidan rom amodio-

da, risi wyalobiTac mTel sam ya roSi Ta na mim -

dev robiT aris ganlagebuli susti da Zlieri

Za lebi, qadagebda: `kacni dia do ben, odes mda b -

l debian. da mdab l de bian, odes di adoben~.

TviTbunebiToba yvela winaaRmdegobas

xsnis da yovelive erT absolutur erTianobaSi

ik rebs Tavs. amas moaqvs simSvide da mSvidoba

qvey nad. van bi ase gansazRvravs am cnebas: `TviT -

bunebiTobis morCileba niSnavs iyo kvad rat Si

da morCilebde kvadrats, iyo wreSi da mor Ci -

lebde wres~. odes srul TviT bu ne bi To bas

mivaRwevT, moixsneba urTierT wi naaR mde go ba

WeSmaritsa da crus, siyvarulsa da si Zul vils,

sinaTlesa da sibneles, dabadebasa da sik v d ils,

keTilsa da borots Soris. TviT bu ne bi Tobis

erT-erTi umaRlesi gamovlinebaa umoq me doba

(`u-vei~). umoqmedobis principma gansa kuT -

rebuli zegavlena moaxdina Cinuri filo so -

fiuri azris (da ara mxolod filosofiuri) Sem -

dgom ganviTarebaze. es principi `dao de ZinSi~

42

iRebs Tavis kanonizirebul dasabams. umo q me -

doba, rogorc eTikuri principi, aris ana rekli

daosuri metafizikuri aryofnisa, ris umTav -

res atributs TviTbunebiToba warmo ad gens.

umoqmedoba bunebaSive Zevs da misi gamovli -

nebaa. kaci, Tuki surs ar gaubedurdes, movalea

daicvas umoqmedoba, radganac dao ver iTmens

veraviTar arabunebiT Carevas. swored ami tom

aris, rom lao-Zis umoqmedoba srul pa si u ro -

basa da ar qmnas ki ar niSnavs, aramed moq me de bas

bunebiTi kanonebis mixedviT, sa gan Ta bu ne biTi

arsisadmi morCilebasa da daos ka no nebTan

Tanxmier qmedebas. aseT dros yo ve li arsi TviT -

moZraobaSi brunavs. Zvelad, vinc daos flobda,

imas ki ar mieltvoda, xalxi rom gane swavla,

aramed imas, kacni rom ub ra loni yofiliyvnen.

xalxSi pirmoT ne obasa da siyalbes ki ar aRvi -

vebdnen, aramed WeSmarit saT noebas, gulwrfe -

lo basa da uangarobas. es iyo umoqmedoba. moq me -

debas mxolod im SemT xve va Si aqvs azri, odes

qvey nad simSvide sufevs da moq medeba daos bu -

ne biTi kanonebis mixedviT xor ciel deba. lao-Zi

umoqmedobaSi gulisx mob da adamianis bunebiTi

mdgomareobis daur Rve v lo bas vne bebiTa da

grZno bebiT, rasac mxolod ziani moaqvs ada mi a -

ni sa Tvis. `Tu mdidarni da di debulni medi du -

roben: Tavad iubedureben Tavs~.

adamianis zneobrivi srulqmnis, umaRlesi

saTnoebis miRweva SeuZlebelia umoqmedobis

gareSe. lao-Zi ambobs: `kaci, raJams saqmes

ganasrulebs: simartoveSi unda ukudges. kaci,

saqmes rom aRasrulebs: sofliur usasrulobas

43

unda SeerTos~. es aris moqmedebiT umoqmedoba,

anu piriqiT _ umoqmedobiT moqmedeba. lao-Zim

Tavisi piradi cxovrebiT Seasrula es. rogorc

gadmogvcemen, lao-Zim, sazogadoebrivi Tu

socialur-politikuri viTarebiT ukmayofi -

lom, datova saxelmwifo samsaxuri da ganmar-

tovda. es iyo, rogorc sinologiuri litera-

turidan cnobilia, uprecendento SemTxveva

imJamindeli CineTis istoriaSi. lao-Zim mTeli

Tavisi cxovreba Wvretasa da Sinagan gansjas

miuZRvna, Seqmna `dao de Zini~ da gauCinarda.

umoqmedobis koncefcias bunebrivad ukav -

Sir deba dumilis cneba. `brZeni dums. umecari

qadagebs~ _ gvmoZRvravs lao-Zi. dumili igive

umoq medobaa, anu qmnadobaa Wvretasa da Sinagan

gansjaSi.

umoqmedoba WeSmariti mizania brZenkacisa.

mas Seucvnia, rom vnebebis uqonlobas umaRlesi

simSvide moaqvs da qveynad samarTlianoba myar -

deba. yovelnairi moqmedeba ZirTaZiria tan -

jvisa da mwuxarebisa. rogoric yovelive arsis

absoluturi dasabamia, iseTivea misi sasrulic,

adamianis miwiuri ideali. Tu daos cnebaSi xil-

vadi yofierebis arsebobis azrsac CavdebT,

maSin lao-Zis moZRvrebis mixedviT, kacTaTvis

aryofna umjobesia, vinem yofiereba. amitom am -

bobs lao-Zi: `xalxs imad ara akrTobs sikvdili:

sicocxles rom morCilad mieltvis. amad ar

akrTobs sikvdili. amad aris sicocxlis mor Ci -

li: brZeni. xolo sicocxleze aR ze ve buli: ume-

cari~. amitom: visac Seucvnia dao _ dums, visac

ar Seucvnia dao _ qadagebs. vinca Seicno dao:

44

mdumarea, yurdaxSulia, Tvalda wu xulia, umoq -

medoa, gawyvetili aqvs yofiTi kav Sirebi,

brwyinvaleba mimcxrali aqvs da briyvs emsgav -

seba. mxolod am dros hgavs kaci daos _ bu ne -

biT sa da umoqmedos.

*

`dao de ZinSi~ erT-erTi adgili morCi le -

bis moZRvrebas uWiravs. morCilebis udidesi

ga mov lena TviT daos saxeSia mocemuli. dao

yvelaze did saqmeebs iqms, magram yovelTvis da -

fa rulia da uCinari. yovelnairi aRzeveba ewi -

na aR mdegeba daos. aRzevebasa da me di du ro baSi

arsiseuli araferia, igi warmavalia da aramdg -

ra di. kacisTvis WeSmariti dideba da pativi

Tav mdabloba da morCilebaa. yoveli arsi iSvis

da Zaldautaneblad mieltvis arsebobas, aRwevs

ganviTarebis srulqmnas, magram arasodes

qedmaRlobs. kacic ase unda iyos: usamzRvro

mor CilebiT unda Trgunavdes Tavis TavSi

Zalmomreobas. lao-Zi saTnoebisa da mor Ci le -

bis nimuSad wyals asaxelebs: `umaR le si saT no -

eba wyals hgavs. wyals wyaloba moaqvs yoveli

arsisTvis... umaRlesi saTnoeba _ mor Cilebas

mieltvis~. daosi gaurboda erTfe ro van da mZi -

me cxovrebas, iltvoda nivTieri yofis saz Rv -

re bis iqiT gasvlas da daosuri simSvidiT

aRsavse miRma samyaroebTan Serwymas, rac

RvTiuri miwiuri cxovrebiT, anu bedisweris

mor CilebiT aRwevda. visac surs daeuflos

des, anu zneobriv srulqmnas, unda iyos mor Ci -

li, rogorc mdedri. `dao de ZinSi~ vkiT xu -

45

lobT: `mdedri TvinierebiT imorCilebs mamrs...

mdedri TvinierebiTve morCilebs mamrs... mor -

Ci leba mokrZalebas badebs da kr Za lul ni mor -

Ci leben erTurTs~. morCileba erT-erTi mTa -

vari saTnoebaTagania da uSualod ukav Sirdeba

zomierebis kategoriebs: morCi leba gvaziarebs

cxovrebis maradiul mdinarebas, radganac ma -

ra diuli ufro maRla dgas kerZosa da war-

mavalze. unda vmonawileobdeT sicocxlis

moZraobis saerTo principSi, raTa ar dairRves

sicocxlis saerTo da erTiani Tanxmoba, ar

davuSvaT uwesrigoba da qaosi. sulis simSvide,

mozRvavebuli vnebaTa daT r gunva _ ai, zneob -

rivi srulqmnis safuZ veli, rac TavisTavad

morCilebis sawindaria.

lao-Zi, samyaros ierarqiuli Tanxmobis

kanonis Tanaxmad, aRiarebs ierarqiis kanons

saxel mwifo wyobilebaSic, diad Tanxmobas

kacTa urTierTdamokidebulebasa da morCi le -

baSi. yovelive amas dao ganagebs. amitom gvmar -

Tebs daos morCileba, ris darRvevasac ube -

dureba moaqvs. mas Semdeg, rac dasavleT jous

dinastiis erT-erTma imperatorma saxli samad

gahyo, Semdeg ki _ oTxad, Zalauneburad Seic -

va la ZvelTaganve arsebuli urTierTobani. aman

TavisTavad gamoiwvia uaryofiTi cvlilebebi

sazogadoebriv urTierTobebSic. am uar yo fiTi

cvlilebebis mowesrigebasa da maT urTierT -

mor CilebaSi moyvanas saukuneebi dasWirda.

xSirad is ki ar aris ubedureba, sazogadoebis

ro melime fena anda mTeli sazogadoeba uzneod

rom cxovrobs, _ amis aRkveTa odesme moxer -

46

xdeba, ubedureba is aris, am uzneo cxovrebidan

momdinare mankierebaTa aRmofxv ras (rac sayo -

vel Tao zneobrivi kanonis Zalas iZens xolme),

aTeuli da aseuli wlebi sWirdeba. beberi xe

fesvebidan xmeba, magram inerciiT mainc didx-

ans inarCunebs Zalasa da sicocxlis unars da

manam ar waiqceva, vidre mTlianad ar dalpeba da

gaixrwneba. amitom adamiani, ro gorc danarCeni

yoveli arsi, daos bunebiT kanons unda mor Ci -

leb des, am kanonTa morCili kaci uZlevel Za -

las iZens. lao-Zi ambobs: `vinca si diades miel -

t vis: mas morCileba marTebs~. `vinca morCi le -

biT gascems: daeufleba~. `dam Tme neloba Ziria

morCilebisa. xolo morCileba _ des srulqm-

naa~. `vinca ar morCilebs daos: Jammok lea misi

arseboba~.

*

lao-Zi bunebiTobis, umoqmedobis, morCi-

lebis winapirobad iseT zneobriv-sulier kate-

goriebs aRiarebs, rogoricaa damTmenloba,

zomiereba, TviTuaryofa, siwrfele. lao-Zi

acxadebs: `kaci, vinca daeufla damTmenlobas:

xelmwifebs xalxs da msaxurebs cas~. damT me n -

lobis misaRwevad aucilebelia vnebaTa daT -

rgun va, rac wyaroa yovelnairi borotebisa da

ubnelebs adamians gonebisTvals. zneobrivi

srulqmnis kibes ierarqiuli ganviTarebis sa -

fexurebi aqvs _ qvevidan zeviT. yvelaze qveda

sa fexuri aris damTmenloba, brZeni kaci uku ag -

debs vnebebs da eufleba daos umaRles arss. igi

gulisyuriT icavs Tavis TavSi Sinagan kacs da

47

ubiwo brundeba iq, saidanac iSva, ubrundeba ar -

yof nas, anu daos. igi eufleba mxolod simar T -

les, ukuagdebs yovelive moCvenebiTsa da

yalbs. mxolod am gziT aris SesaZlebeli Tvis -

to misaTvis codvaTa patieba da misi Seyva re ba,

sikeTis uSurveli qmna. brZeni kaci mieltvis

TviTflobasa da damTmenlobas, ra sac yovel-

nairi netarebisa da fufunebis uar yofiT aR -

wevs. lao-Zi ambobs: `yovladbrZeni, Seus ve neb -

lad mavali: niadag Tan axlavs umZimes etls. ar

aklia dideba da brwyinvaleba: magram ar in Tqme -

ba didebaSi. man uwyis warmavaloba soflisa~.

damTmenloba safuZvelia Tav da de buli kacT -

moy vareobisa, xolo maTi ZirTaZiri daoa. mxo -

lod vnebaTa daTrgunva da dam Tmen loba migviy-

vans daos simaRlemde. vnebiT Sep yrobili ver

miaRwevs yvelaze martiv WeSma ri tebasac ki, ver

SesZlebs keTil saqmeTa qmnas. `vinca daipyra

vnebebi: ixila dao dafarulisa. vinca daipyra

vnebebma: ixila dao yofierisa~ _ ai, ra didi

gans xvavebaa maT Soris, vinca daiT mina da vinca

ver daiTmina. mxolod damTmen lo biTa da

simSvidiT miiRweva zneobrivi srulqmna, dam -

yar deba sayovelTao mSvidoba da wesrigi. yove-

live es ki sawindaria sayovelTao siyva rulisa,

risi umaRlesi gansaxierebac aris dao. lao-Zi

siyvarulis yvelaze umaRles Tvisebad mtre-

bisadmi siyvaruls aRiarebs: `sikeTe miage mo -

Zu les Sensas~. `keTilTac sikeTes mivageb da

ukeTurTac sikeTes mivageb~. am sikeTiT Seiqms

umaRles saTnoebas. `erTgulTac verTguleb da

orgulTac verTguleb”. am erTgulebiT Seiqms

48

umaRles saTnoebas~. `ufro didi ubedureba

araferia: gZuldes mteri Seni. mtris siZul -

vili vnebs daos~. duglasi wers: `lao-Zim Seqmna

amaRlebuli da wminda sistema. zneobriv kano -

nebSi is araTu CamorCeboda sxva warmarT filo -

sofosebs, mniSvnelovnad gadaaWarba kidec yve-

las, iqadaga ra yvelaze uRirs SesaniSnavesi

mcneba qristianobisa: `sikeTe miage borote-

bas~. amaves imeorebs `dao de Zinis~ rusul enaze

mTargmneli d.konisi: `...ar gadavaWarbeb Tu

vit yvi, rom qristianobis gamoCenamde ar yofi-

la iseTi amaRlebuli da mwyobri zneobrivi

moZRvreba, rogoric iyo lao-Zis sistema. mar -

Ta lia, Sakia munic qadagebda amaRlebul zne -

obriv moZRvrebas, magram masSi bevri wi na aR -

mde goba da gadaWarbebaa, rac lao-Zis sistemaSi

TiTqmis ar aris. Tumca ebrauli morali budis-

tur moralze maRla idga, igi qada gebda: `Tvali

Tvalisa wil da kbili kbili sa wil~, rac lao-

ZisTvis ucxo iyo. igi qadagebda Tavganwirul

kacTmoyvareobasa da mtrebisadmi siyvaruls~.

lao-Zi zomierebas aRiarebs moRvaweobis

saerTo zneobriv kanonad. zomiereba awesrigebs

da awonasworebs adamianis yovelnair gamovli -

nebas. zomierebis damcveli kaci brZenia, saT -

noebis umaRlesi gansaxierebaa. lao-Zi ambobs:

`vinca bevrs RaRadebs _ marcxdeba. zomierebaa

yo velives Ziri da fuZe~. magram lao-Zi zo mi e -

rebas aRiarebs samyaroul movlenaTa da

moZraobis diad sawyisad. zomierebis meoxebiT

arsebobs cisqveSeTi maradiulad. amitom visac

surs JamgrZeloba, zomierebas unda daeuflos.

49

zomiereba, iseve rogorc damTmenloba, zneob -

rivi srulqmnis safuZvelia. zomierebas mohyavs

ca da miwa diad Tanxmobasa da wesrigSi, yoveli

arsi zomierebiT sazrdoobs da cocxlobs.

lao-Zis mixedviT, zomiereba Sinagan Tanxmobas

niSn avs, Tanxmobas samyarouli sicocxlis moZ -

raobasTan, rac maradiulia da ucvleli. ami -

tom, zomierebac maradiulia da ucvleli ka no -

nia yofierebisa, mas Cinelebi maradiul zo mi e -

re bas (`ju-iun~) uwodeben. kaci, moq ce u li casa

da miwas Sua da matarebeli maTi uc v le li

kanonebisa, moqmedebaSi wonasworobisaken unda

miiswrafvodes, wonasworobisaken swrafva ki

igive zomierebis codnas niSnavs. zomiereba

uki duresobebs garidebuli arsebobaa. zo mi e -

re ba mudam iq aris, sadac niadag igiveobrioba

da ucvleloba mefobs. zomiereba gonebiT Sei -

mec neba da Tavad aris gonebis gamov lineba, misi

saxesxvaoba. zomiereba da damTmenloba sim Svi -

dis, uSfoTvelobis, winaRudgomlobis Sedegia.

lao-Zi saTnoebis erT-erT umaRles saxed

siwr feles miiCnevs, rogorc sibrZnisa da si -

keTis umTavres maxasiaTebels. siwrfele wya -

roa mSvidobisa da dasabami uwesrigobis aRkve -

Tisa. igi cis gzaa, amitom aris kacis gzac. siwr -

fe le da gulis ubraloeba zneobrivi kate-

goriebia da imitom aris umaRlesi saTnoeba,

rom daosa da bunebiTobis wilxvedria. amis ga -

re Se SeuZlebelia zneobrivi srulqmnis miR -

weva. `dao de ZinSi~ vkiTxulobT: `vinca velia

samyarosi: maradiul des eufleba da Cvilis

mdgo mareobas ubrundeba... vinca xatia samya ro -

50

si: maradiul des eufleba da pirveldasabams

ubrundeba... vinca Sesakrebelia samyarosi:

umaRles des eufleba da bunebiTobas ubrunde-

ba~. siwrfele da gulis ubraloeba uxeSi umec -

re ba rodia, _ RvTaebrivi da umanko ubra -

loebaa. `vinca avsilia uwmindesi suliT da

flobs uxilav Zalebs: morCilia, viTarca Cvi -

li. vinca avsilia uwmindesi suliT da flobs

da farul saidumlos: ucTomelia da JamgrZe -

li~. aseTi kaci araTu emgvaneba axalSo bils,

ubrundeba kidec Cvilis mdgomareobas. lao-Zis

moZRvrebis Tanaxmad ki _ es aris yvelaze didi

siZliere da swored am mdgomareobaSi myofi

flobs daos da des. lao-ZisTvis zneobac

iseTive amaRlebuli da sulierebis ganmsaz Rv -

reli faqtoria, rogorc dao, zneobac iseve

uxilvelia da aranivTieri, rogorc dao. lao-

Zi ambobs: `vinca morCilebs daos: daos Tana ar -

sia. vinca morCilebs des: des Tanaarsia. vinca

morCilebs warmavals: warmavlis Tanaarsia~. `o,

ra Rrmaa da miuwvdomeli: umaRlesi de. igi ara s

hgavs samyaroSi. magram Sesakrebelia yove-

livesi da Semoqmedi diadi Tanxmobisa~.

lao-Zi TviTuaryofas erT-erT umTavres

eTikur kanonad ganixilavda. TviTuaryofa

daos sruli morCileba da bunebiTobis mixed -

viT moqmedebaa. igi ambobs: `yovladbrZeni yove -

li ves morCilia. morCilia da gawinam ZRv re bu -

lia. uaryofs xorciel tans da sofliur mar-

adisobas erTvis~. lao-Zi TviTuaryofis ide-

alur arsebad wyals asaxelebs, romelic sid-

ables mieltvis da iq arsebobs, sadac adamians

51

ar ZaluZs arseboba. swored amitom `meufeben

velTa da mindorTa~. visac surs ixelmwifos da

keTilad uwinamZRvros xalxs, igi masze dabla

unda dgebodes. aseT dros, Tumc xelmwife

winam ZRvrobs xalxs, magram xalxi ver grZnobs

mis xelmwifebas. lao-Zi ambobs: `keTilia xelm -

wife: vinca dums da aras iTxovs xalxisagan~.

aseT xelmwifes mTeli cisqveSeTi adi debs da

morCileben mas, rogorc TviT morCilebs daos.

brZens ZaluZs gawinam ZRvrdes, Tuki mowiwebiT

moidreks muxls xalxis winaSe. `vinca gax-

elmwifebas mieltvis: mokrZaleba marTebs~. aq

`mokrZaleba~ da `mowiweba~ TviTuaryofis kat-

egoriebad aRiqmeba.

`dao de ZinSi~ saubaria mamacsa da Tavmda-

balze erTdroulad, rac gvixsnis lao-Zis

paradoqsul dialeqtikas magarsa da rbilze,

zeimursa da arazeimurze, didebasa da uCina-

robaze. Tu siZlieres da sisadaves Tan Tavmda-

bloba ar axlavs, araviTari eTikuri Rire -

buleba maT ar aqvT. dao imitom aris diadi, rom

igi ar diadobs. es aris TviTuaryofis udiadesi

kanoni. samocdameTeqvsmete TavSi magarisa da

Zlieris kategoriebi upirispirdeba rbilisa

da sustis kategoriebs. kacs, visac silbo da

sisuste dauflebia, Seswevs unari Seicnos maga-

risa da Zlieris gadasvla rbilsa da sustSi.

Tuki am orive mdgomareobas Rrmad Seicnobs

kaci, ZaluZs daeuflos silbosa da sisustes da

gauwinamZRvrdes xalxs. rbili da susti TviT -

uaryofis kategoriebia, rac udi des energiaTa

dagrovebas da am energiis ZaliT daos wvdomas

52

moaswavebs. roca kaci erTdro u lad eufleba

rbilsa da susts, es is mdgomareobaa, roca mas

ZaluZs Seicnos deda, anu dao. roca magari da

Zlieri iltvis rbilisa da sustisaken, es im

mdgomareobis miRwevas niS navs, roca ZalgviZs

SevicnoT Ze, anu yoveli arsi. deda daoa, xolo

Ze _ daos mier war mo Sobili yoveli arsi. lao-

Zis yvela debuleba ki daos dauflebas qa da -

gebs. aforizmi: `vinca Seicno deda: man Zed

Seicno Tavi. vinca Zed Seicno Tavi: man Seicno

deda. xorci misi kvdeba: suli ki ukvdavia~ _

niSnavs daos mier war mo So bili calkeuli sag-

nis TviTkmarobas. es cneba, Tu mas davSliT da

Rrmad gaviazrebT, TviTuar yofis cnebasTan

migviyvans. am cnebas filosofosi men-Zi ase gan-

martavs: `wvrTen Tavi Seni da miaRwev siwrfe-

les. es ki moganiWebs udides TviTkmarobas~. mi -

si ve azriT, `grZnoba Sebra le bisa~ aris `ka c T -

moyvareobis safuZveli~. am cnebiT des cnebac

ganimarteba. Tu de aris daos warmoqmnili

calkeuli sagnis umaRlesi kategoriis Tviseba,

rbilisa da sustis daufleba niSnavs daos dau-

flebas. xolo swrafva magarisa da Zlierisa

rbilisa da sustisaken niSnavs des flobas. dao

rbilsa da susts niSnavs, xolo de _ magarisa da

Zlieris swrafvas rbilisa da sustisaken. dao

roca qucmacdeba, imad gardaicvleba, risi

TviT ganviTarebac rbilsa da susts efuZneba.

si tyvebi: `gacod vileba~, `datanjva~ _ rbilisa

da sustis kategoriebia. am gamoTqmebs Tu cal -

ke ul cnebebad davaqucmacebT, Semdegs mi vi -

RebT: `arasruli~, `mrudi~, `carieli~, `Zveli~,

53

`mcire~, `mokrZa le ba~, `uCinaroba~, `Tavm dab -

lo ba~, `uRir so ba~, `TviTCaRrmaveba~. yvela es

cneba TviTuar yo fis sinonimebad JRers.

juan-Zi Tavisi Txzulebis ocdamecamete

Tav Si (`cisqveSeTi~) aseTnairad axasiaTebs lao-

Zis pirovnulsa da zneobriv-eTikur Tval saz -

risebs: `sasazRvro saguSagos ufrosma da lao

danma Seismines es mcnebani da friad gai xares.

maT aages TavianTi moZRvreba sam mTavar prin-

cipze: ucvlelobasa, aryofnasa da yofierebaze,

sadac umTavresad aRiares diadi erTi a noba.

TavianTi moZRvrebis garegnul gamov li nebad

maT silbo, sisuste, mokrZaleba da Tav mdab lo ba

miiCnies. mis Sinagan arsad Tvlidnen debulebas,

rom sicariele ar arRvevs arsTa siwyvdiades.

saguSagos ufrosi ambobda: `mis T vis, vinc ikete-

ba Tavis TavSi, forma da arsni TavisiT Seic no -

bian. moZraoba aseTi kacisa bunebrivia, vi Tarca

mdinareba wylisa. misi sim Svi de wmindaa, viTarca

mdinareba wylisa. misi simSvide wmindaa, viTarca

zedapiri tbisa. pa suxi misi ma lia, viTarca eqo.

aseTi kaci uxorcoa, viTarca ararsebuli. wmi-

daa, viTarca simWvirvale, saganTa siwyvdiades

erwymis da TanxmobaSi arsebobs. SeZenils umalve

kargavs. arasodes winauswrebs sxvebs, mudam maT

mihyveba ukan~. lao-dani ambobda: `vinca Seicno

mamroba Tvisi: manve Seicno mded roba Tvisi. igi

velia samyarosi... vinca Seic no naTeli Tvisi:

manve Seicno wyvdiadi Tvisi. igi xatia samya -

rosi~. yvelani pirvelobas mieltvian, mxolod

is erTi amjobinebda ukan dgomas da ambobda:

`CemSia dacema cisqveSeTisa~. yvelani sisavses

54

mieltvian. mxolod is erTi amjobinebda sica -

rieles. ar monagrobda, amitom flobda siuxves.

yvela moTxovnilebas ikmayo fi lebda da mainc

siuxves flobda. ar miel tvoda Tavisi cxovre-

bis uz run velyofas, mainc ar zaraldeboda.

umoqmedod cxovrobda da das ci noda sxvaTa

simarjves. yvelani bednierebas mieltvodnen,

mxo lod is erTi, TavisTvis rom simSvide uzrun-

velyo, eTvi seboda garemoebaT da ambobda: `maga-

ri imsxvreva, basri blagvdeba~. is mudam sul -

grZe li iyo arsTa siwyvdiadisadmi da aravin ara -

vis arTmevda. ai, ras SeiZleba ewodos srul qmnis

mzRvari. o, saguSagos ufroso da lao dan! isini

WeSmaritad didi kacebi iyvnen warsulisa, _

diadni da naTelmxilvelni. bun do vaneba, usam -

zRv roeba da uqonloba formisa. cva lebadoba

da umdgradoba. urTierTmonac v le oba sikvdil-

isa da sicocxlisa. cisa da miwis er Tianoba.

mogzauroba suleTSi. saiT wavideT? _ bundova-

nia. TiTqos arsTa mTeli siwyvdiade er Ti badiT

iyos garsmoculi da aRar rCebodes aRa raferi,

riskenac mibruneba SegveZleboda. _ yovelive

amas Zvelad flobdnen daos da fa rul mcnobe -

lobaSi~. `juan-Zis~ am epizodSi Se uZ lebelia ar

davinaxoT TviTuaryofis principi.

*

vin aris am umaRlesi zneobrivi principebis

ganmaxorcielebeli, rasac lao-Zi qadagebs?

yovladbrZeni. lao-Zis zneobriv-eTikuri kat-

egoriebis Tavis TavSi damtevi da garsmom-

cveli aris yovladbrZeni. daosTan miaxlebuli

55

kaci aris meufe qveynierebisa, man uwyis cvale-

badi kanonebi bunebisa, magram ar axorci e lebs

maT, radganac maTze maRla dgas da ZaluZs

damor Cildes maT, damorCildes, raTa gamoi-

wvios bunebis Zalebi bunebrivad da war marTos

isini Tavisi diadi miznebis Sesabamisad. am

Tvalsaz risidan gamomdinare, lao-Zi avlens

Tavisebur msoflmxedvelobas ukvdavebis anu,

misive sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, JamgrZelobis

Sesaxeb; wmidanis anu yovladbrZenis damo ki -

de bu le bas bunebasTan, sikvdilTan da sicocx -

les Tan. kaci, vinc miswvdeba daos, mas sikv -

dilis damar cxe bac ZaluZs. igi ambobs: `visac

sicocxle Seucnia da dauTmenia: misTvis vefxsa

da martorqas ara uvnia. abjarausxmeli da uia -

raRo: ver SeukrTia xmalTakveTebas... vinca

Seicno sicocxle da daiTmina: misTvis ar arse-

bobs sikvdili~. adamiani gaukvdavdeba imitom

da im dros, odes SeiTvisebs Tavis wiaRSi RvTa -

eb riv Zalas, odes ukvdavebis wyals dalevs

sikeTisa da sibrZnis saxiT, odes garsmoicavs

Tavis TavSi RvTaebriv sawyisebs. sibrZne, anu

igive siwminde, aniWebs kacs wyalobas icocxlos

sxe ulis kvdomiT da iarsebos, dahyos

yofierebaSi marad _ anu uberebeli da uxrwna-

di tanis (sam Svinvelis) saxiT, an romelime

cocxali arsebis saxiT (am ideas TavisTavad

ukavSirdeba sulTa maradiuli gadasaxlebis

moZRvreba). raki miwiuri sicocxlis xangr Z li -

voba SezRu dulia, bolos da bolos, dgeba wami

daosTan anu ga nur Cev lobasTan, _ uTvisebo da

gamouvlenad yo fi erebaSi, anu aryofnaSi, _

56

Serwymisa. yov lad brZe ni ar saWiroebs empiri-

uli monacemebis cod nas. igi samyarosa da bu -

nebis kanonebs Sei mec nebs gonebiT, WvretiT, anu

gonmWvre te lo biT. brZeni saxlidan gausvle-

lad imecnebs samyaros, sarkmlidan gauxedavad

Wvrets cTo milTa moZraobis kanonebs. misTvis

araviTar au cileblobas ar warmoadgens uSu a -

lod ukav Sir debodes sagnebs da movlenebs, mas

isedac ZaluZs maTi Sinagani, imanenturi xilva

da axsna. yovladbrZenis Semecnebis procesi,

lao-Zis mi xedviT, umTavresad analogiuri Se -

mec nebiT igeba: `Seican Tavi Seni da Seicnob

sxvebs. Sei can saxleuli Seni da Seicnob sxvisas.

Seican sofeli Seni da Seicnob soflebs. Seican

qveyana Seni da Seicnob qveynebs. Seican samyaro

da Seicnob samyaros~.

`dao de Zinis~ mixedviT, qveynad arsebobs

ori kategoriis brZenkaci. erTma uwyis uRrmesi

da dafaruli saidumlo `bunebiTi daosi~ da

umoq medobis kanonebiT moqmedebs da iRvwis: is

flobs daos yvela umTavres Tvisebas. lao-Zi

aseT brZens `umaRles des~ mqones anu `yovlad -

brZens~ uwodebs. yovladbrZeni morCilebs da

axorcielebs daos udiades kanonebs. meorea

moC venebiTi, anu crubrZeni, romelic `moq me -

debs mZlavrobiT~, daos kanonebis sapiris pi -

rod. lao-Zi maT axasiaTebs, rogorc `udables

des~ mqoneT. aseTni arRveven bunebiT arsebobas

da borotebas Tesen qveynad. Tumca isini mZlav -

ro ben, mainc aravin morCilebs maT. maSin isini

`Tavad aiZuleben yovels saTayvanod~ da am miz -

niT sxvadasxva zneobriv cnebebs igoneben. ase -

57

Te bia: kacTmoyvareoba, Tayvaniscema, rituali.

yove live es, `dao de Zinis~ mixedviT, cru Sina -

ar sis Semcveli cnebebia da dasabamia umecre-

bisa. isini maSin evlinebian qveyanas, odes daos

uaryofisa da verSecnobis Jami dgeba. udablesi

des mflobeli kaci yovelnairi pir moTneobiT

yalb zneobriv cnebebs igonebs, Tanac ar iklebs

araviTar amqveyniur keTil dRe obas da brwyin-

vale sasaxleSi cxovrobs. lao-Zi ambobs: `dide-

bulni Tu ZvirfaseuliT Semosilan, brwyinvale

saWurvliT SeWurvilan, ukadrisoben mdabiur

sufras da fufunebaSi yelamde Caflulan: es

avazakobaa da zviadoba. nuTu esaa dao?~ maT

mier SeTxzul cnebebSi mxolod farisevloba

da pirmoTneoba iniRbeba. lao-Zi faqtiurad

upirispirdeboda konfuciur Tvalsazriss.

erT-erTi Sexvedris dros lao-Zis ase uTqvams

konfucisaTvis: uaryavi Sen Seni sibrZne da

keTilgoniereba, maSin xalxi asgzis bednieri

iqneba. uari Tqvi Sens kacT moyvareobaze da

ganudeqi Sens samarTlianobas, maSin xalxi

daubrundeba ZeTa mowiwebas da mamaTa siy-

varuls. daiviwye Seni xelovneba da daTme Seni

Semosavali, maSin qurdobac moispoba. war mo a Ci -

ne Seni saxe Seulamazeblad, dai cavi siwminde,

daTrgune sakuTari Tavis siyvaruli da alagme

Seni pativmoyvaruli survilebi. daukvirdiT,

ro gor hgavs es sityvebi `dao de Zinis~ erT-erT

da moZRvras: `me aras viqm da: xalxs Tavad euf -

leba srulqmnileba. me mSvidad var da: xalxs

Tavad eufleba keTilSobilba. me vnebadam-

cxrali var da: xalxs Tavad eufleba ubraloe-

58

ba~. savsebiT dasaSvebia, es Sexvedra kidev erTi

lamazi ga mo na goni iyo daoselTa, magram masSi

rom lao-Zis moZRvrebis WeSmariti arsi Wvivis,

es ucxadesia. moZRvreba, mxolod pi r moT neo bi -

saTvis rom iRvwis, ryvnis TviT myo fa do basa da

xalxis cxovrebis simar tives, ada mianSi lamazi

da iSviaTi nivTebis SeZenis cxovel survils ba -

debs, da wyaroa SfoTisa da ube du re bisa, daos

sapirispirod svlas moas wavebs, ra sac mxo lod

ziani moaqvs adamianTa mod gmi saT vis. lao-Zis

mizani iyo dabruneboda, ufro swo rad,

aRedgina adamianis pirvelqmnili cxo v rebis

Sinagani mdgomareoba. es moitanda sa yo ve l Tao

simSvidesa da mSvidobas. igi am bobs: `vinca

aRivso si ca ri e liT: aRivso udia desi sim Svi -

diT. vinca aRivso udi adesi sim Svi diT: aRiv so

sicarieleSi arsTa wrebrunviT... dasa bamSi

dabrunebas _ simSvide hqvia. simSvides _ arsSi

dabruneba hqvia. arsSi dabrunebas _ maradiso-

ba hqvia~.

yovladbrZens ara aqvs survilebi vinmes an

raimes ebrZolos, radganac mas ar surs hqondes

raime gansazRvruli Sexedulebani, grZnobebic

ki. igi mxolod xalxis cxovrebiT cxovrobs.

`dao de ZinSi~ vkiTxulobT: `yovladbrZenis

guli carielia. misi guli xalxis gulis Sesak -

re belia. mas Seswevs Zali: gaibunebos eris az -

ri~. kaci, vinc icis diadobisa da brwyinva lebis

fasi da mainc uCinrad cxovrobs, yvelsTvis

samagaliToa. yvelasTvis samaga liTo saT no e -

biT aris avsili da axalSobilis sinorCesa da

sisustes flobs, swored amiT ubrundeba Tavis

59

uxsovar pirvelarss. vinc icis, ra aris dideba

da mainc Cumad cxovrobs, xiluli velia samya -

rosi, cisqveSeTis amZravi Zalaa. vinc cis qve -

SeTis xiluli velia, igi maradiuli saTnoebiT

aris avsili da daos dausabamobas SeerTvis.

dideba da gamoCineba, `dao de Zinis~ mixedviT,

ar aris namdvili gamomxatveli diadobisa da

brwyinvalebisa, radganac igi ewinaaRmdegeba

daos Zireul kanonebs. namdvili dideba uCi na -

roba da umoqmedo moqmedebaa, anu siwrfelea,

qmnaa sikeTisa qedmaRlobisa da medidurobis

gareSe. ama soflis dideba da pativi aramdgra-

dia da cvalebadi, xrwnadia da mswraflwarmava -

li. maTSi araferia arsiseuli. lao-Zi ambobs:

`vinca didebas mieltvis: ver eRirseba qveynad

didebas. vinca gandidebas mieltvis: ver ga wi -

nam ZRvrdeba qveynad. Tu daos davimoZRvravT:

yovelive es _ fuWia da amaoeba. aseTni sZags

yovel arss~. uCinaroba da CrdilSi dgoma aris

WeSmariti pativi da dideba kacisa, gandidebi sa -

ken swrafvas ki mxolod SiSi uZevs safuZ v lad.

lao-Zi ambobs: `kacni SiSiT ixveWen didebas da

SiSiTve kargaven mas~. yovladbrZeni `mor Ci -

lebs arsTa bunebiTobas da dafarul wiaRSi maT

ukuqcevas~. igi sikeTisa da borotebis sazomad

daos aRiarebs. daos Tanxmoba da morCileba

sikeTea, daos uaryofa _ boroteba. WeS ma ri -

tebis es gamoZaxili, Tu qristologiur cnebas

vix marT, Sinagani adamiania, is adamiani, vi sac

Za luZs gansajos adamianis zneoba. brZen ni

uZve le si warsulisa flobdnen daos da fa rul

sai dumlos. isini diad saqmeebs iqmdnen, mag ram

60

ar qedmaRlobdnen, piriqiT _ idu malebiT iyv-

nen garemoculni da mokrZalebiT cxovrobdnen.

daos msgavsad, yovelives sxva TaTvis iqmdnen da

arasodes euflebodnen imas, rasac Tavad qmnid-

nen. `morCilebdnen daos da kmarobdnen mci -

reds... sisavses ar miel tvodnen da: ganaxleba

ar surdaT. ganaxleba ar surdaT da: kma rob dnen

Zvels. kmarobdnen Zvels da: srulqmnas flobd-

nen~. `yovladbrZeni ar ixveWs. yoveli ves

xalxisaTvis iqms da yovelives gascems. rac

ufro mets gascems: mets moisTvlis kvlav-

gasacemad~. isini niadag imas ufrTxodnen,

cxovrebis bu ne biTi mdinareba rom ar daer -

RviaT, imiT isazRv rebodnen, rac erT xelve iyo

mocemuli bunebaSi da ar miel tvodnen axlis

Seqmnas. yovladbrZens ar aqvs sakuTari miznebi,

mTeli misi gulis yu ri, misi xvedri xalxis

xvedriskenaa mipyrobili. misi mizani erTia:

uboZos xalxs `saz rde li _ ge m ri eli. samoseli

_ mSvenieri. saxl-kari _ myud ro. xolo

cxovreba _ mSvi dobiani~. es ani Webs yov lad -

brZens uZlevelobas da am saT no Zli e re biT

umorCilebs Tavis sakuTar da xal xis cxov rebas

daos kanonebs. amitomaa: `yov lad brZeni mfar -

velia da Ta nam lmobeli xalxisa. xal xi amitom

ar aris uTvis tomod. yov lad brZe ni mfarvelia

da mxsneli yoveli arsisa. yo v lad brZe ni amitom

ar aris uTvis to mod~. yov lad br Zeni ar

mZlavrobs da uZle ve lia cisqveSeTSi~.

61

*

lao-Zi zneobrivi srulqmnis miRwevis erT-

erT gzad crubrZnobisa da mecnierobis, anu

cru metyvelebis aRkveTas gvTavazobs. lao-Zi

ebr Zvis yovelive crus da araWeSmarit codnas,

rac misTvis siwmindisa da sibrZnis ara tolfa-

sia, WeSmariti sibrZne mxolod TviTWvretisa

da TviTdaunjebis gziT miiRweva. mecnieroba

mteria ubraloebisa da ubiwoebis, rac adamian-

is namdvil samkauls warmoadgens. Zveli xelm -

wifeni, daos rom morCilebdnen, xalxs mecnier-

obisadmi midrekilebas ki ar uRvivebdnen, ara -

med ubralod imas mieltvodnen, xalxi rom

codnasa da vnebebs ar daemwuxrebina, maT rom

ubralod da martivad ecxovraT. es xelmwifeni

Tvlidnen, rom bevris codnas ziani mohqonda

xalxisaTvis, radganac isini borotisa da ke Ti -

lis garCevas iswavlidnen da es gansxvaveba

urTierTdapirispirebas gamoiwvevda, rac SuR -

lisa da rRvevis winasawyisia: umaRlesi Semec -

neba mxolod sakuTar wiaRSi danTqmiT da gan-

martoebuli cxovrebiT miiRwevao. mecnierobas

adamiani dabneulobamde mihyavs da axSobs mis

sulSi bunebiT midrekilebebs. crumetyveleba

da crubrZnoba amao xarjvaa Zalisa da droisa

da daos sawinaaRmdego svlas moaswavebs.

umaRlesi codnis cneba `dao de ZinSi~ or na -

iri saxiT aris warmodgenili: erTia WeSmariti

sibrZne da aqedan warmomdgari yovladbrZeni _

daos morCili da misi kanonebis damcveli. meorea

crubrZnoba da aqedan warmomdgari cru brZe ni _

daos sapirispirod moqmedi. lao-Zi mas yvelaze

62

dabal safexurze ayenebs. WeS ma riti sibrZne da

codna ki, rasac mxolod erTe u lebi floben,

aris daos sruli mor Cileba da cxovreba daos

kano nebis Tanaxmad, codna mxolod im brZen TaT -

vis aris saWiro, romlebic ica ven daos kanonebs,

winaRmdeg Sem Txve vaSi maT xelSi es codna ube du -

re bis iaraRad gada iqceva. sibrZniT aR Wurvili

adamianebi imecne ben `daos da farul saidum-

los~ da umoq me do bis diad princips axorcie le -

ben, mor Ci leben saganTa bunebiT svlas. WeSma ri -

ti brZeni, anu yov lad brZe ni, vinc flobs

uSinaganes da uRrmes codnas, ar amJRavnebs Ta -

vis sibrZnes da `briyvs hgavs~. igi ` ...jvaloTia

Se mosili, Sig niT ki _ gan ZiTaa daganZuli~. ama -

Sia umaRlesi sibrZne da WeS mariteba. xolo `WeS -

ma ritebas ar sWirdeba RaRadi~, radganac `WeS ma -

ri ti sityva ar aris lamazi. lamazi sityva ar

aris WeS ma ri ti~. lao-Zi amiT WeSmaritebis er -

Tad er Tobas aRiarebda, rac mxolod gandgomiTa

da taj viT miiR weva. Tumca xSirad siyalbis mSve -

ni eri samoseliTac imoseba. amitom unda

SevignoT, rom is, rac lamazia da mWev r met y -

veluri _ yal bia, rac ma xin jia da ucvleli _

WeS ma ri te baa. yovlad brZe nis movaleobaa miayu-

rados usi amo xmebs da Cas wvdes mas, ganeridos

yovelive saamos, rad ganac `ukeTurobaa xorciT

netareba. suli e ro baa vnebaTa damorCileba~.

yovladbrZeni, Tu igi namdvil sibrZnesa da cod-

nas flobs, didi siw rfeliT unda iyos midrekili

WeSmaritebis mkac ri RaRadisadmi.

lao-Zi mieltvoda simartives. cxovrebis

yo vel nairi garTuleba crubrZnobiTa da cru -

63

metyvelebiT mas ubedurebis wyarod miaCnda. es

ewi naaRmdegeba bunebiTobis kanons, anu daos.

lao-ZisTvis crubrZnoba da umecreba tol -

fasovani cnebebia. igi ambobs: `rac metia umec -

reba: miT metia sixarbe~. crubrZnoba da crume-

tyveleba abneleben gonebisTvals, abne ven ada -

mianebs. lao-Zi amitom mouwodebs qveynis mmar -

TvelT, bunebiTobasa da ubraloebaSi hyo lo -

daT xalxi. es aris daos gza. `juan-Zis~ meT vra -

mete TavSi (`umaRlesi sixaruli~) gadmoce -

mulia lao-Zisa da konfucis saubari, sadac

`dao de Zinis~ Semoqmedi originalurad asabu -

Tebs Tavis Tvalsazriss bunebiTobisa da cod-

nis principTa Sesaxeb:

`kun-Zi miubrunda lao-dans da brZana:

`dRes, roca Tqven Tavisufali dro gaqvT, gav -

Ta mamdebi da gkiTxavT srulqmnil daoze~. lao-

dan ma miugo: `uwinaresad, marxviTa da dam Tme n -

lobiT ganiwminde guli Seni, Tovlis siTeT -

remde ganiwmide goneba Seni, uaryav codna Seni.

dao xom uwiaRoa da misi sityvebiT axsna friad

Znelia. mxolod mis miaxloebiT ganwerilobaze

mogaxseneb. naTels bneli Sobs, wesrigis mflo-

bels arasaxieri Sobs, suliers dao Sobs, xor-

ciels Tesli Sobs, xolo arsTa siwyvdiades

urTierTkavSiri Sobs xorciel saxeTa meSve o -

biT. amitom cxovelebi, cxra xvrelis mflobel-

ni, dedis saSodan ibadebian. xolo cxovelebi,

rva xvrelis mflobelni, kvercxidan iCekebian.

sicocxlis aRmoceneba kvals ar tovebs, piris-

agan miwisa mis warxocvas ara aqvs samzRvarebi.

arca bWea sadme, arca sacxovrisi. amitom gane-

64

fineba igi qveynierebis oTxiv mxares. yvela maT,

vinc daos morCilebs, mtkice sxeuli aqvT,

naTelmxilveli goneba, grZnobaTa faqizi orga-

noebi. maTi fiqri SeuCereblad iZvris, da yo vel

arss SeuzRudavad eTvisebian. daos gareSe cas

ar ZaluZs usasruloba, miwas _ vrceuloba.

daos gareSe mzesa da mTvares ar ZaluZT svla

cisa Tavanze, xolo arsTa siwyvdiades _ gan vi -

Tareba. ai, ra aris dao! aqve unda vTqvaT: bevris

mcodne kaci aucileblad ar flobs WeSmarit

codnas, xolo gamocdili mokamaTe aucileb -

lad ar flobs gamWriax gonebas. yovladbrZeni

imas mieltvis, rom ar aivsos aRvsebisas da rom

ar daicalos davsebisas. dao uRrmesia da

uwiaRo, viTarca zRva, uzarmazaria da diadia

Tavis mudmiv cvalebadobaSi, wydeba da isev

umalve iwyeba. Secvalos arsTa siwyvdiadis

bunebiTi Tvisebani da dauSreteli darCes _ ai,

dao keTilSobili kacisa, magram igi arasru l -

qm nilia. xolo Tu arsTa siwyvdiade Ta vad ve

Sobs Tavissave cvalebadobas da dauSreteli

rCeba, _ ai, swored es aris WeSmariti dao. qvey-

nad arian kacni, romelnic ar emorCilebian arc

inis, arc ianis sawyisTa calmxriv zemoqmede-

bas, isini casa da miwas Sua imyofebian, mxolod

droebiT adamiandebian da isev TavianT dasabams

ubrundebian. Tu amas SevicnobT, gamomdinare

dasabamidan, maSin sicocxle raRac sasicocx-

lo ZalTa Sededebis warmonaqmnia. da Tumca

siWabukeSi arsebobs JamgrZeloba da sikvdili,

ra manZilia maT Soris? wami da meti araferi.

gana es dro sakmarisia rom davadginoT _ vin

65

iyo marTali da vin mtyuani: iao Tu Ze? xeTa na -

yo febsa da balaxebs TavianTi kanonebi aqvT.

Tumca adamianTa Soris damokidebulebis wesebi

ufro rTulia, magram isic gansazRvrul wes-

rigzea dafuZnebuli. yovladbrZeni, mxilveli

wesrigisa, ar arRvevs mas, xolo mis gverdiT

Cavlili ar inarCunebs mas. maT Soris winaa Rm -

de gobis waSla da morCileba maTi _ ai, es aris

umaR lesi saTnoeba. maTSi ganzaveba da mor Ci -

le ba maTi, _ ai, es aris srulqmnili dao.ai,

risi wyalobiT vlindebodnen srulqmnili xel -

mwi feni da brwyinavdnen dinastiaTa damaarse-

belni. casa da miwas Sua moqceuli kacis sic-

ocxle qarafze TeTri cxenis umales naxtoms

hgavs: wamiT gaielva da gauCinarda. qveynad

yovelive uecrad, umalesad iSvis, yovelive

Cumad da SeumCnevlad uCinardeba ama qveynidan.

umciresi cvalebadoba da _ sicocxle iwyeba.

kidev umciresi cvalebadoba da _ dgeba Jami

sikvdilisa. ase rad swuxan cocxalni amas? kac -

Ta modgma rad mwuxarebs amas? gardacvla xom

Cveni bunebiTi safaris gadaxsnas niSnavs, bu ne -

bisagan naboZeb niJaris damsxvrevas, sasi co -

cxlo ZalTa cvalebadobasa da daqucmacebas.

sulieri dasabami midis, sxeulic mas misdevs _

ai, WeSmaritad diadi gardacvla yofieridan

aryofnaSi. arasaxieri gadadis sxeulis mflo-

bel saxierebaSi. saxieri isev arasaxierSi ga da -

dis _ dabadebisa da sikvdilis es mona c vleoba

yvelam uwyis, magram amas arad agdebs is, vinac

axloa daos wvdomasTan. amis Sesaxeb bevri

msjelobs. magram is, vinac Seicno dao, ar

66

msjelobs, rameTu ganmsjeli ver daeufleba

daos. maxvil mzeras mniSvneloba ara aqvs daos

saxilvelad. amitom sjobs davidumoT bage,

vidre vidaoT. daos ver movismenT. amitom

sjobs davixSoT yurni, vidre vayuradoT.

swored amas ewodeba udidesi sibrZne~.

*

lao-Zis mTeli moZRvreba zeadamianuri

arsebobisaken ltolviT aris gamsWvaluli. igi

originaluri moZRvrebaa ara mxolod filo -

sofiuri da metafizikuri azrovnebis siRrmiT,

aramed eTikuri da zneobrivi mrwamsiTac. lao-

Zis dao ar aris mxolod abstraqcia, Soreuli

da miuwvdomeli. igi Cvens garSemo brunavs,

Cven Sive Zevs da CvenSivea saZiebeli. `Seican Ta -

vi Seni~, _ brZanebda lao-Zi Zvel berZenTa da -

rad. amasve brZanebdnen Zveli indoelni da

egviptelni. ukeTu Rrmad gaviazrebT daos

bune biTobis kanons virwmunebT, rom igi sxva

ara feria Tu ara maradi ltolva adamianisa pir -

velqmnili si martivisa ubraloebisaken, si ke -

Tisa da siyva ru lisaken, saTnoebisa da srul -

qmni saken, sim Svi disa da mSvidobisaken. swored

esaa erTaderTi gza, riTac adamians ZaluZs Se -

ic nos Tavi Tvisi da sulier sibrZnes daeuf-

los. `uzedaesi~ da `uqvedaesi~ yofierebis

Tanxmoba, am Tanxmobis Cvenive TavSi migneba da

Sec noba, mSvidi da harmoniuli Tanaarseboba

Tvis tomTa Soris _ ai, es aris dao. `vinca Tan -

xmi erebas flobs: igi gasxi vosnebas flobs~, _

brZa nebs lao-Zi. Cineli brZe nis moZRvreba ex -

67

mareba adamians Seicnos sakuTari me am usasru-

lo samyaroSi da iaros srul qmnisaken mimaval

gzaze. vivekanandas TqmiT, Tu romelime

filosofiur da religiur moZRvrebas ar

Seswevs unari moaqcios kaci sikeTisa da saT no -

e bisaken, mxolod abstraqciaa da araviTari

sar geblobis motana ar ZaluZs. amis diad ni mu -

Sad igi upaniSadebs asaxelebs. `dao de Zinic~

uzenaes zneobriv da eTikur, uzenaes adamianur

arsebobas amkvidrebs qveynad. amitom aris `dao

de Zini~ marad Tana med rove qmnileba, xolo misi

Semoqmedi _ ukvdavi da mravalJamieri.

***

`dao de Zinis” qarTuli Targmani Sesru le -

bu lia Semdegi rusuli da germanuli Tar g ma -

nebidan:

1. Лао-Си, Тао-Те-Кинг, или писание о нравствен-

ности, под редакцией Л. Н. Толстого, М., 1913 (перевод

П. Конниси).

2. Лао-Дзы, Дао Де Дзынь; Древнекитайсская

философия, т. 1, М., 1972 (перевод Ян-Хин-Шуна).

3. Lao-Tse, Tao Te King; München, 1921 (Targmani

n. federmanisa).

4. Lao-Tse, Tao-Te-King, Stutgart, 1961 (Targmani g.

debonisa).

amis Taobaze dawvrilebiT ixileT `dao de

Zinis” pirveli qarTuli gamocemis komentare-

bi, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo”, 1983.

leri alimonaki

68

69

wigni pirveli

I

dao rom gvexila:

dao ar iqneboda ucvleli.

saxeli rom gveboZa:

saxeli ar iqneboda ucvleli.

gamouTqmelia dasabami:

cisa da miwis.

mflobeli saxelisa:

dedaa yoveli arsisa.

WeSmaritad:

vinca daipyra vnebebi:

ixila dao dafarulisa.

vinca daipyra vnebebma:

ixila dao yofierisa.

erTia orives dasabami.

saxelebia sxvadasxva.

am dasabams _ dafaruli hqvia.

dafaruli dafarulisa:

bWea yovelive saidumlosi.

II

odes Seicnes cisqveSeTSi:

mSvenieri rom mSvenieria:

iSva simaxijec.

71

odes Seicnes cisqveSeTSi:

sikeTe rom sikeTea:

iSva siborotec.

WeSmaritad:

yofieri da aryofna erTmaneTs Sobs.

mZime da msubuqi erTmaneTs Seiqms.

grZeli da mokle urTierTs ganwonis.

maRali da dabali urTierTs flobs.

bgeraTa Serwyma Tanxmobas iqms.

winmavali da ukanmavali erTmaneTs

morCilebs.

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni umoqmedoa da iqms.

yovladbrZeni mdumaria da gvmoZRvravs.

amitom iSvis yoveli arsi.

iSvis da yovelgan mimoiZvris.

yovladbrZeni ar batonobs maT.

yovelives Seiqms da:

ar eufleba Seqmnils.

yovelives aRZravs da:

ar eufleba aRZruls.

yovelives srulqmnis da:

ar eufleba srulqmnils.

aRasrulebs saqmeT da:

ar medidurobs.

ar medidurobs da:

yovelive mas morCilebs.

72

III

brZens nu scemT Tayvans:

da xalxSi moispoba SuRli.

nu ganadidebT Zvirfas nivTebs:

da moispoba parva kacTa Soris.

nu warmoaCenT survilTa aRsaZravs:

da ar iboboqrebs xalxis guli.

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni xelmwifebs da:

xalxs tans ucarielebs.

tans ucarielebs da:

xorcs aRuvsebs.

uuZlurebs wadils da:

umtkicebs Zvlebs.

niadag imas mieltvis:

xalxs rom codna da vnebebi

ar amwuxrebdes.

xolo mcodneni:

ver bedavdnen moqmedebas.

umoqmedobas simSvide moaqvs.

yovladbrZeni ar moqmedebs.

iqms da umoqmedoa.

umoqmedoa da:

yoveli arsi mas morCilebs.

IV

dao carielia.

carielia, magram amovlinebisas:

amoulevelia.

73

o, ra Rrmaa da dafaruli!

daoa mama yoveli arsisa.

dao auZravebs moZraobas.

dao awesrigebs qaoss.

dao afermkrTalebs brwyinvalebas.

dao daikrebs mcireTa-mcires.

o, ra uwmidesia!

dasabamidan molivlivebs da:

maradiulia.

me ar vici _ saidan iSva igi.

me is vici _

cis mufebas rom winauZRvis.

V

ca da miwa:

ar flobs kacTmoyvareobas.

erTia maTTvis:

arsi yoveli Tu Calis ZaRli.

yovladbrZeni:

ar flobs kacTmoyvareobas.

erTia misTvis:

kaci Tu qali Tu Calis ZaRli.

sivrce vrceulia cisa da miwis:

o, rogor hgavs mWedlis sabervels!

igi carielia, magram amoulevelia.

rac ufro savsea sicarieliT:

miT mets moZraobs.

74

rac mets moZraobs:

miT ufro ivseba sicarieliT.

vinca bevrs RaRadebs: marcxdeba.

zomierebaa yovelives Ziri da fuZe.

VI

ukvdavia suli uwmidesi.

igi mdedria dafarulisa.

maradiuli bWea dabadebisa.

saSo, saidanac iSvis:

dasabamia cisa da miwis.

dausruleblad iqms da iZvris.

dauSretelia saSo Sesaqmesi.

vinca daeufleba uwmides suls:

gaukvdavdeba.

VII

ca da miwa maradiulni arian.

rad arian ca da miwa maradiulni?

TavianTTvis ar arseboben.

ai, rad arian maradiulni.

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni yovelives morCilia.

morCilia da gawinamZRvrebuli.

uaryofs xorciel tans da:

sofliur maradisobas erTvis.

75

nuTu araferia:

is rom xorciel tans uaryofs?!

swored amiT aris srulqmnili.

srulqmnilia da mravalJamieri.

VIII

umaRlesi saTnoeba wyals hgavs.

wyals wyaloba moaqvs yoveli arsisTvis.

wyaloba moaqvs da:

ar TiSavs erTmaneTisgan.

erTmaneTisgan rom ar TiSavs:

arc ebrZvis maT.

igi iq budobs:

sad xorciels ar ZaluZs yofna.

amitom hgavs daos.

WeSmaritad:

umaRlesi saTnoeba _ morCilebas mieltvis.

saTnoeba dumilisa _ siRrmes mieltvis.

saTnoeba gacemisa _ siyvaruls mieltvis.

saTnoeba damoZRvrisa _ siwrfeles

mieltvis.

saTnoeba xelmwifebisa _ wesrigs

mieltvis.

saTnoeba qmnisa _ sibrZnes mieltvis.

saTnoeba moqmedebisa _ simSvides mieltvis.

yovelive diad Tanxmobas qmnis.

ganukiTxvelia:

vinca diad Tanxmobas qmnis.

76

IX

sjobs sulac araferi qmna

da arc sisavses mieltvode.

Tu raime mbrwyinavs dReniadag abrwyineb:

fermkrTaldeba.

Tu darbazoni ganZeuliT gaqvs avsili:

aravis ZaluZs misi dacva.

Tu mdidarni da didebulni mediduroben:

Tavad iubedureben Tavs.

kaci, raJams saqmes ganasrulebs:

simartoveSi unda ukudges.

kaci, saqmes rom aRasrulebs:

sofliur usasrulobas unda SeerTos.

ai, ra aris dao bunebiTi.

X

vinca sulsa da xorcs amTlianebs:

aRwevs mTlianobas?!

suli xom erTiania da Seurevneli.

vinca avsilia uwmidesi suliT

da flobs uxilvel Zalebs:

morCilia, viTarca Cvili.

vinca avsilia uwmidesi suliT

da flobs dafarulis saidumlos:

ucTomelia da JamgrZeli.

vinca siyvaruliT xelmwifebs:

ar moqmedebs da iqms bevrs.

vinca ixila ciuri bWeni:

77

Tvinieria, viTarca mdedri.

vinca Seicno dafarulis azri:

SeuRwevadia, viTarca arsi.

hqmen da: irwmune.

hqmen da:

ar daeuflo qmnils.

aRZar da:

ar daeuflo aRZruls.

ixelmwife da:

uaryav xelmwifeba.

es aris umaRlesi de.

XI

ocdaaTi mana erT morgvze brunavs.

magram borblis arss:

morgvSi moqceuli sicariele qmnis.

WurWels Tixisagan amzadeben.

magram WurWlis arss:

masSi moqceuli sicariele qmnis.

kar-fanjrebs kedlebSi Wrian.

magram saxlis arss:

masSi moqceuli sicariele qmnis.

WeSmaritad:

vinca Seicno yofieri _

viTarca savseba da xilvadi:

78

manve Seicno aryofna _

viTarca sicariele da uxilvadi.

XII

xuTnairi feri:

abrmavebs Tvals.

xuTnairi bgera:

axSobs yurs.

xuTnairi gemo:

aClungebs gemovnebas.

doRi da nadiroba:

aRagznebs guls.

iSviaTi nivTebi:

aubedurebs kacs.

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni dafaruls mieltvis

da ara xilvad mSvenierebas.

igi eZiebs dafaruls.

uaryofs yofiers.

XIII

orive saSiSia: didebac da dacemac.

didebac iseTive tvirTia, viTarca xorci.

ras niSnavs:

`orive saSiSia: didebac da dacemac?!~

es niSavs:

SiSiT ixveWen kacni didebas

da SiSiTve kargaven mas.

79

swored amas niSnavs:

`orive saSiSia: didebac da dacemac~.

ras niSnavs:

`didebac iseTive tvirTia, viTarca xorci?!~

es niSnavs:

xorci umZimesi tvirTia.

xorcs raJams davTrgunavT:

diad simSvides daveuflebiT.

WeSmaritad:

vinca SiSobs cisqveSeTis xelmwifebas:

unda gavaxelmwifoT cisqveSeTSi.

vinca mwuxarebs cisqveSeTis xelmwifebas:

unda mivuboZoT cisqveSeTi.

XIV

vumzer da ver vxedav:

amitom vuwodeb uxilavs.

vusmen da ar mesmis:

amitom vuwodeb uxmos.

veltvi da ver vwvdebi:

amitom vuwodeb dafaruls.

auxsnelia am samTa kavSiri.

erTiania am samTa kavSiri.

misi ze ar ari gasxivosnebuli.

misi qve ar ari gawyvdiadebuli.

igi dausabamoa.

80

dausabamoa da:

aravin uwyis saxeli misi.

igi kvlav aryofnas ubrundeba.

igi is ari, rasac hqvia:

saxe arasaxierisa.

xati araxatierisa.

igi is ari, rasac hqvia:

auxsneli da gaucxadebeli.

maradiuli saSo samyarosi.

miveaxlebi da:

ver vWvret mis saxebas.

mwinamZRvrobs da:

ver vWvret mis sarostans.

Seudeq uxsovar daos da:

daeuflebi amJamindel yofierebas.

Seudeq uxsovar daos da:

Seicnob uxsovar dasabams.

ai, es aris daos arsi.

XV

Zvelad, vinca meufebda xalxs:

iyo saTno da yovlismxilveli.

flobdnen:

yovelive umciress.

yovelive idumals.

yovelive SeuRwevads.

iyvnen dafarulni da miuwvdomelni:

arvis ZaluZda wvdoma maTi.

81

diadi iyo garesaxe maTi:

arvis ZaluZda daufleba maTi.

ukeTu dafarulni iyvnen:

nebisad aRvwer maT.

isini iyvnen moSiSni:

viTarca mavalni zamTrisas niaRvarSi.

isini iyvnen meryevni:

viTarca damfrTxalni axlomdgomTagan.

isini iyvnen Tavazianni:

viTarca wveulni ucxod.

isini iyvnen frTxilni:

viTarca mavalni molipul yinulze.

isini iyvnen ubraloni:

gaurandavi xis darad.

isini iyvnen vrceulni:

vrceul mindorTa darad.

isini iyvnen ganuWvretelni:

mRvrie wylis darad.

vis ZaluZs:

SeCereba da cxadqmna maTi?!

vis ZaluZs:

damSvideba da gaJamgrZeleba maTi?!

isini daos morCilebdnen.

morCilebdnen daos da:

kmarobdnen mcireds.

kmarobdnen mcireds da:

sisavses ar mieltvodnen.

sisavses ar mieltvodnen da:

ganaxleba ar surdaT.

ganaxleba ar surdaT da:

kmarobdnen Zvels.

82

kmarobdnen Zvels da:

iyvnen srulqmnilni.

XVI

vinca aRivso sicarieliT:

aRivso udiadesi simSvidiT.

yoveli arsi mSvidad iSvis.

mSvidad SeerTvis Tavis dasabams.

vinca aRivso udiadesi simSvidiT:

aRivso sicarieleSi arsTa wrebrunviT.

vinca ixila _

arsTa didi nairgvaroba:

manve ixila _

dasabamSi maTi dabruneba.

dasabamSi dabrunebas _ simSvide hqvia.

simSvides _ arsSi dabruneba hqvia.

arsSi dabrunebas _ maradisoba hqvia.

vinca Seicno maradisoba:

gasxivosnda.

vinca ver Seicno maradisoba:

gawyvdiadda.

maradisobis Secnoba:

wesrigia da sikeTe.

maradisobis Seucnobloba:

uwesrigobaa da ukeTuroba.

83

maradisobis Semcnobi:

uwmides suls flobs.

uwmidesi sulis mflobeli:

samarTlianobas flobs.

samarTlianobis mflobels:

xelmwifeba xelewifeba.

gaxelmwifebuli _ cas eziara.

cas ziarebuli _ daos eziara.

dao uxsovaria da maradiuli.

daos mflobeli mravalJamieria:

gvami ixrwneba, suli _ ukvdavia.

XVII

keTilia xelmwife:

vinca dums da aras iTxovs xalxisgan.

ukeTuria xelmwife:

vinca siyvarulsa da didebas moiTxovs

xalxisgan.

Slegia xelmwife:

vis winaSec Zrwis xalxi.

gulborotia xelmwife:

vinca ezizRebaT.

WeSmaritad:

visac ara swams, arc is swamT.

urwmunobaa Ziri urwmunobisa.

o, ra gviania sityva:

brZnuli da daunjebuli!

84

vinca daiunja da daiTmina:

RirsebiT aRasrula saqme.

vinca RirsebiT aRasrula saqme:

misi swamT da amboben:

bunebiTobas morCilebso.

XVIII

odes uaryves diadi dao:

`kacTmoyvareoba~ da `samarTlianoba~ iSva.

odes crubrZnoba gamefda:

pirmoTneoba iSva.

odes eqvs naTesavs Soris ganxeTqilebaa:

maSin iSvis _

`ZeTa mowiweba~ da `mamuri siyvaruli~.

odes saxelmwifoSi uwesrigoba sufevs:

maSin aRzevdebian `erTguli msaxurni~.

XIX

aRikveTeT crubrZnoba da crumetyveleba

da asgzis bednieri iqneba xalxi.

aRikveTeT `kacTmoyvareoba~ da

`samarTlianoba~

da aRsdgeba ZeTa mowiweba da mamuri

siyvaruli.

aRikveTeT cbiereba da sixarbe

da aRikveTeba qurdobac da avazakobac.

samive codnis ukmarobiT warmodgeba.

85

WeSmaritad:

mxolod is eziara maradiuls:

vinca gaibuneba siwmide da ubraloeba.

vinca SeizRuda survilebi da daicxro vnebebi.

vinca uaryo crubrZnoba da crumetyveleba.

XX

odes crumetyveleba moispoba:

diadi simSvide daisadgurebs.

o, ra mcirea sxvaoba:

hosa da aras Soris.

da ra didia sxvaoba:

keTilsa da borots Soris.

rasac xalxi eTayvaneba:

Senc mas unda eTayvano.

o, ra ukacrielobaa!

o, ra gauRwevlobaa!

jerac ar damyarebula:

diadi Tanxmoba.

yvela xarobs, sazeimod wveulan TiTqo.

gazafxulis moaxlebas zeimoben TiTqo.

me ubralo var.

me erTi var mSvidad da uCinrad.

me arvin mixmobs.

me yrmas vgavar:

vinca jerac ar movlenila.

o, damaSvralo ualagov!

sad ars alagi gansasvenebi!

86

yvela simdidriT avsila:

me erTi vflob sicarieles.

yvela saiTkenme miiCqaris:

me erTi vgavar yovlis uarmyofels.

yvela brwyinavs da gamoCinebulia:

me erTi var tani sulelisa.

o, ra carielia igi!

yvela sinaTliT avsila:

me erTi vgavar gawyvdiadebuls.

yvela sixaruliT avsila:

mxolod me var moSiSi.

yvelas cnobiswadili klavs:

CemTvis sulerTia yvelaferi.

me zRvas vgavar:

uwiaRos da CaJamebuls.

me vsrbi sofliur sivrceSi:

usasTumlo da unavsayudlo.

yvela Tavis sargebels eZiebs:

me erTi vgavar briyvsa da ugvans.

mxolod me var:

yvelasagan gansxvavebuli.

me vmorCileb:

daos dasabams.

XXI

diadi de daodan amovlindeba.

dao usaxieria da auxsneli!

o, usaxierov da auxsnelo!

ZalmiZs mivwvde saxierebas Sensas.

87

dao uarseboa da garsmoucveli.

o, uarsebov da garsmoucvelo!

ZalmiZs mivwvde arsebas Sensas.

dao uZiroa da wyvdiadovani:

magram umaRlesi yofierebaa.

igi umaRles umcTarobas flobs.

uxsovrobidan meufebs saxeli misi.

yoveli arsic misiT iSvis.

viT Sevicnob arsTa dasabams?!

mxolod da mxolod misi wyalobiT.

XXII

Zvelad ambobdnen:

`arasrulqmnili _ gasrulqmnildeba.

daqucmacebuli _ gamTliandeba.

mrudi _ ganimarTeba.

aRuvsebeli _ aRivseba.

Zveli _ ganaxldeba.

vinca mcireds mieltvis:

bevrs moixveWs.

vinca bevrs mieltvis:

mciredsac dakargavs~.

yovladbrZeni srulqmnilia da xatia

cisqveSeTis.

igi ar kmarobs mxolod Tavis

mxilvelobas:

amitom naTobs kacTa Soris.

88

mxolod Tavis Tavs ar Tvlis samarTlianad:

amitom flobs WeSmaritebas.

ar didkacobs: amitom adideben.

gandidebas ar mieltvis:

amitom moZRvrobs kacTa Soris.

ar mZlavrobs da uZlevelia cisqveSeTSi.

winaparTa Tqmuli:

`arasrulqmnili _ gasrulqmnildeba,

mrudi _ ganimarTeba~ _

gana fuWi sityvebia?!

igi namdvilad miuZRvis kacs:

WeSmariti srulqmnisaken.

XXIII

dadumdi da damorCildi bunebiTobas.

dumili Seiqms qveynad Taxmobas.

mZlavri qari ver iboboqrebs samxramde.

Tavsxma wvima ver gastans mwuxramde.

vin iqms yovelive amas?!

ca da miwa.

xom uwyiT:

casa da miwasac ar ZaluZT _

raimeTa gaJamgrZeleba, araTu kacs.

amitom morCilebs daos.

vinca morCilebs daos:

daos Tanaarsia.

vinca morCilebs des:

89

des Tanaarsia.

vinca morCilebs warmavals:

warmavlis Tanaarsia.

vinca daos Tanaarsia:

daos daeufleba.

vinca des Tanaarsia:

des daeufleba.

vinca warmavlis Tanaarsia:

warmavals daeufleba.

WeSmaritad:

vinca urwmunoa:

urwmunobas daeufleba.

XXIV

cerebze aweuls:

ar ZaluZs didxans dgoma.

swrafad mavals:

ar ZaluZs didxans svla.

vinca fiqrobs, yovelive vuwyio:

ara uwyis ra.

vinca didebas mieltvis:

ver eRirseba didebas.

vinca gandidebas mieltvis:

ver gawinamZRvrdeba.

Tu daos davimoZRvravT:

yovelive es _ fuWia da amaoeba.

aseTni sZags yovel arss.

90

amitomaa:

amas ara iqms is:

vinca daeufla daos.

XXV

ai, arseba:

garsmoucveli, qaosSi amovlenili!

ai, arseba:

cisa da miwis uadres Sobili!

o, mdumareo! o, arasaxiero!

martomyofia da umoZrao.

yovelgan mimoiZvris da usamzRvroa.

igi dedaa samyarosi.

me ar vuwyi saxeli misi:

gareSemovwer da daos varqmev.

ukeTu daos varqmev:

diadsac varqmev.

dao diadia.

sidiade _ siSoreSi gaRwevaa.

siSoreSi gaRweva _ usasruloSi

gardacvlaa.

usasruloSi gardacvla _ dasabamSi

dabrunebaa.

WeSmaritad:

dao _ diadia.

ca _ diadia.

91

miwa _ diadia.

xelmwifec _ diadia.

samyaroSi oTxi diadia:

maT Soris _ xelmwifec.

kaci miwis kanons morCilebs.

miwa cis kanons morCilebs.

ca daos kanons morCilebs.

dao _ daos kanons morCilebs.

XXVI

mZimea safuZveli msubuqisa.

uZraobaa safuZveli moZraobisa.

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni _ Seusveneblad mavali:

niadag Tan axlavs umZimes etls.

ar aklia dideba da brwyinvaleba:

magram ar inTqmeba didebaSi.

man uwyis warmavaloba soflisa.

xolo meufe aTi aTasi etlisa _

mediduri da gvirgvinmosili:

rad mrisxanebs?!

mouTmenlad rad umzers qveynierebas?!

mrisxaneba amsxvrevs mis safuZvels.

xolo mouTmenlobiT _ meufebas kargavs.

92

XXVII

vinca nawrTobia svlaSi:

kvals ar tovebs.

vinca nawrTobia mWevrmetyvelebaSi:

dums.

vinca nawrTobia TvlaSi:

ar cdeba.

vinca Carazva uwyis:

urduls ar xmarobs.

magram razavs ise:

gaReba misi SeuZlebelia.

vinca gakvanZva uwyis:

bawars ar xmarobs.

magram kvanZavs ise:

gamoxsna misi SeuZlebelia.

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni mfarvelia da

Tanamlmobeli xalxisa:

xalxi amitom ar aris uTvistomod.

yovladbrZeni mfarvelia da mxsneli

yoveli arsisa:

yovladbrZeni amitom ar aris

uTvistomod.

amas hqvia umaRlesi gasxivosneba.

WeSmaritad:

keTili _ moZRvaria ukeTurTa.

ukeTuri _ safuZvelia keTilTa.

ukeTu ukeTurni _

ar eTayvanebian moZRvars da moZRvari _

uaryofs safuZvels:

93

Tumc mcodned moaqvT Tavi _

umecrebaSi CanTqmulan.

amas hqvia umaRlesi sibrZne.

XVIII

vinca Seicno mamroba Tvisi:

manve Seicno mdedroba Tvisi.

igi velia samyarosi.

vinca velia samyarosi:

maradiul des eufleba

da Cvilis mdgomareobas ubrundeba.

vinca Seicno naTeli Tvisi:

manve Seicno wyvdiadi Tvisi.

igi xatia samyarosi.

vinca xatia samyarosi:

maradiul des eufleba

da pirveldasabams ubrundeba.

vinca Seicno sidiade Tvisi:

manve Seicno simcire Tvisi.

igi Sesakrebelia samyarosi.

vinca Sesakrebelia samyarosi:

umaRles des eufleba

da bunebiTobas ubrundeba.

ukeTu bunebiToba aRigveba:

saidumlo WurWlad gardicvleba.

yovladbrZeni misi wyalobiT

gawinamZRvrdeba.

94

gawinamZRvrdeba da:

diadi Tanxmoba ar dairRveva.

XXIX

vinca mZlavrobiT eufleba samyaros:

aqedanve vWvret _ ver miaRwevs sawadels.

samyaro saidumlo WurWels hgavs:

Sexeba misi ar egebis.

vinca Seexeba:

xelyofs mis Tanxmobas.

vinca daeufleba:

dakargavs mas.

WeSmaritad:

yoveli arsi cvalebadia:

zogi win midis, zogi ukan.

zogi Tbilia, zogi civi.

zogi Zlieria, zogi susti.

zogi yvavilobs, zogi Wkneba.

zogi srbis, zogi dgas.

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni uaryofs gandidebas.

yovladbrZeni uaryofs fufunebas.

yovladbrZeni uaryofs brwyinvalebas.

XXX

vinca daos morCilebiT xelmwifebs:

ar ipyrobs laSqriT qveynebs.

man uwyis:

95

rasac miageb, imasve mogageben.

sad laSqars gauvlia:

iq ZeZv-ekals gadauvlia.

sad omebi amtydara:

iq SimSilobis wlebi damdgara.

WeSmaritad:

qveli mxedarTmTavari imarjvebs da

Cerdeba.

imarjvebs da ar mZlavrobs.

imarjvebs da ar medidurobs.

imarjvebs da ar imonebs.

imarjvebs da ar qedmaRlobs.

imarjvebs _ odes aiZuleben saomrad.

imarjvebs _ magram ar aris mzvaobari.

odes arseba umaRles Zlierebas aRwevs:

sustdeba da xrwna eufleba:

igi ar morCilebs daos.

vinca ar morCilebs daos:

xanmoklea misi arseboba.

XXXI

aRWurvil laSqars ubedureba moaqvs.

yovel arsebas sZags igi.

amitomaa:

vinca daos morCilebs:

ar laSqrobs.

96

vinca daos morCilebs:

mSvidia da CrdilSi dgas.

vinca daos ar morCilebs:

laSqrobs da didebas mieltvis.

laSqari _ ubedurebis wyaroa.

qveli mxedarTmTavari ar laSqrobs.

laSqrobs mxolod maSin:

odes saomrad aiZuleben.

mSvidoba da siqvele:

ai, misi uzenaesi safuZveli.

igi Wmunavs gamarjvebis Jams.

vinca zeimobs gamarjvebas:

zeimobs kacTa kvlas.

vinca zeimobs kacTa kvlas:

ver eRirseba qveynad sikeTes.

mSvidobis dros imas miageben pativs:

vinca Crdils mieltvis.

omis dros imas miageben pativs:

vinca didebas mieltvis.

mxedarTmTavari CrdilSi ganmdgara.

gamarjvebas _ xelmwife zeimobs.

mxedarTmTavari mwuxrs garemoucavs:

gvamTa zeims yurobdes TiTqo.

tirili gvmarTebs kacTa kvlis Jams.

Wmunva gvmarTebs gamarjvebis Jams.

glova gvmarTebs gvamTa zeimis Jams.

97

XXXII

dao maradiulia da gamouTqmeli.

Tumca uCinoa da arara:

arafers ZaluZs damorCileba misi.

Tu daos daimoZRvren mefeni da didebulni:

yoveli arsi Tavad moipovebs simSvides.

ca da miwa mwyobrad Seirwymis

da cis nami miwas moefineba.

qveynad bedniereba da keTildReoba

gamefdeba.

xalxi brZanebis gareSe damSviddeba.

odes diadi wesrigi damyarda:

yovels Tavisi saxeli ewoda.

saxelTa dasamzRvres saganTa samzRvrebi.

vinca Sedga da Seicno saganTa samzRvrebi:

safrTxisagan daixsna Tavi.

daos yofieri garweriloba:

tbas hgavs da zRvas.

mas SeerTvian mdinareni dausruleblad.

dao ganfenilia samyaroSi.

yoveli arsi mas SeerTvis:

viTarca mdinareni _ tbebsa da zRvebs.

XXXIII

vinca sxvaTa Semcnobia:

ganmWvretelia.

vinca Tavisi Tavis Semcnobia:

gasxivosnebulia.

vinca sxvaTa mZlevelia:

98

Zlieria.

vinca Tavisi Tavis mZlevelia:

mZleTamZlea.

vinca gareyofiers mieltvis:

vnebaaSlilia.

vinca aryofnas uWvrets:

srulqmnilia.

vinca sakuTar garwerilobas flobs:

mravalJamieria.

vinca waruvalSi gardicvala:

maradiulia.

XXXIV

diadi dao yovelgan ganfenila:

aris aqeTac, aris iqiTac.

aris zeviTac, aris qveviTac.

aris aqac, aris iqac.

misi wyalobiT iSvis arsi yoveli.

misi madliT cocxlobs marad yoveli.

diadia Rvawli misi.

diadia da ar diadobs.

yovel arss siyvaruliT garemoicavs.

garemoicavs da ar meufebs maT.

uvneboa da:

amitom uwodeben araras.

mcirea da:

Sesakrebelia mcire-mcireTa.

yoveli arsi mas SeerTvis da:

ar meufebs maT.

99

amitom uwodeben diads.

ar diadobs da:

amitom aris diadi.

yovladbrZenic ar diadobs.

diad saqmeebs iqms da:

ar diadobs.

ar diadobs da:

amitom aris diadi.

XXXV

vinca Seicno diadi pirvelgarweriloba:

mTelma cisqveSeTma gaiwinamZRvra.

gaiwinamZRvra da mwuxarebas ganerida.

ganerida mwuxarebas da moipova simSvide.

moipova simSvide da mSvidoba.

daeufla erTianoba da zesofliuri

Tanxmoba.

WeSmaritad:

odes uzedaesi da uqvedaesi

gaerTsofliurdeba:

moxetialec ki mowiwebiT masTan Sedgeba.

odes daos bageTagan aRmoTqven:

gauferuldeba da gaugemurdeba.

vinca daos xilulad umzers:

misTvis ganuWvretelia igi.

vinca daos bgerebSi usmens:

misTvis daxSulia igi.

100

vinca daos moisaxmarisebs:

misTvis miuwvdomelia igi.

XXXVI

raime rom SevkumSoT:

jer unda gavafarTovoT.

raime rom davasustoT:

jer unda gavaZlieroT.

raime rom movspoT:

jer unda aRmovacenoT.

raime rom movimkaT:

jer unda gavceT.

amas hqvia umaRlesi sibrZne.

rbili sZlevs magars.

susti sZlevs Zliers.

Tevzs ar ZaluZs dastovos wiaRi.

xalxmac ar unda uwyodes:

dafaruli kanonebi xelmwifebisa.

XXXVII

dao marad umoqmedoa.

magram iseTi raa:

igi ar iqmodes.

ukeTu mefeni da didebulni daemoZRvrnen:

yoveli arsi TavisTavad saxeicvleba.

xolo Tu saxecvlilni moqmedebad aRiZvrian:

101

usaxieri garwerilobiT SevaCereb maT

moqmedebas.

usaxier garwerilobas ara aqvs vnebebi.

vnebaTa uaryofas simSvide moaqvs.

simSvide ki _ samyaros Tanxmierebas Seiqms.

Î

102

wigni meore

XXXVIII

vinca umaRles des flobs:

des Sesaxeb araferi uwyis.

amitom flobs umaRles des.

vinca udables des flobs:

mudam axsovs _ des rom flobs.

amitom flobs udables des.

vinca umaRles des flobs:

ar moqmedebs.

uqmobs da amitom ar moqmedebs.

vinca udables des flobs:

moqmedebs.

ar uqmobs da amitom moqmedebs.

vinca umaRles kacTmoyvareobas flobs:

uqmobs da ase moqmedebs.

moqmedebs da Tavad umizezoa da uCinari.

vinca umaRles samarTlianobas mieltvis:

moqmedebs.

moqmedebs da pativ-didebas mieltvis.

vinca umaRles Tayvaniscemas mieltvis:

moqmedebs.

moqmedebs da amitom ar TanaugrZnoben.

xolo Tu TanaugrZnoben:

Tavad aiZulebs yovels saTayvanod.

WeSmaritad:

vinca daos kargavs:

103

des iZens.

vinca des kargavs:

kacTmoyvareobas iZens.

vinca kacTmoyvarebas kargavs:

samarTlianobas iZens.

vinca samarTlianobas kargavs:

Tayvaniscemas iZens.

Tayvaniscema Sedegia:

rwmenisa da erTgulebis dacemisa.

diadi Tanxmobis damxobisa.

Secnoba gareyofierisa:

daos warmavali yvavilobaa,

warmavlobaa da dasabami umecrebisa.

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni arsismiers daiuflebs:

da ukuhyris garegans.

moisTvlis nayofs yvavilobisa:

da ukuhyris yvavils.

daeufleba arss da uaryofs gvams.

XXXIX

dasabamiTve erTianobiT mocula yoveli:

erTianobam miuboZa cas siwmide.

erTianobam miuboZa miwas simSvide.

erTianobam miuboZa suls silbo.

erTianobam miuboZa tbas sisavse.

erTianobam miuboZa yovel arss

sicocxle.

xelmwifeni da winamZRvarni erTianobiT

arian:

104

cisqveSeTis meufeni da moZRvarni.

erTianoba iqms yovelive amas.

cisTvis rom siwmide ar eboZebina:

Camoiqceoda.

miwisTvis rom simSvide ar eboZebina:

daiSleboda.

sulisTvis rom silbo ar eboZebina:

STainTqmeboda.

tbisTvis rom sisavse ar eboZebina:

daiSriteboda.

yoveli arsisTvis rom sicocxle ar

eboZebina:

gaudaburdeboda.

xelmwifeni da winamZRvarni rom

ar gameufebuliyvnen

da ar gamoZRvrebuliyvnen:

daemxobodnen.

WeSmaritad:

uCinoni _ safuZvelia CinebulTa.

xolo mdabioni _ didebulTa.

xelmwifeni da winamZRvarni

amitom uwodeben TavianT Tavs:

`miusafars~, `obols~, `ubedurs~.

es imad, rom isini:

mdabioT aRiareben TavianT safuZvlad.

WeSmaritad:

borbali rom davSaloT:

misgan araferi darCeba.

105

nu ibrwyineb, viTarca brilianti.

iyav ubralo, viTarca qva.

XL

daos moZraoba _ yofierSi gardacvlaa.

daos gardacvlis arsi _ sisustea.

yoveli arsi yofierma Sva.

xolo yofieri _ aryofnam.

XLI

vinca Rrmad Seicno dao:

mis ganxorcielebas mieltvis.

vinca mciredad Seicno dao:

xan poulobs, xan kargavs mas.

vinca ver Seicno dao:

dascinis daos.

rom ar dascinodes:

dao ar iqneboda dao.

amitom Tqmula Zvelad:

vinca gaisxivosna dao:

gawyvdiadebuls hgavs.

vinca STawvda daos:

ukuqceuls hgavs.

vinca aumaRlda daos:

gzaabneuls hgavs.

vinca umaRles saTnoebas flobs:

tbas hgavs.

106

vinca umaRles siwmides flobs:

gankicxuls hgavs.

vinca umaRles zneobas flobs:

briyvs hgavs.

vinca saTnoebas qadagebs:

qurds hgavs.

vinca samarTlianobas qadagebs:

mZarcvels hgavs.

udiades oTxkuTxeds kuTxeebi ar uCans.

udiades WurWels didxans amzadeben.

uumZlavresi xma _ uxmoa.

uudiadesi saxeba _ usaxieria.

dao dafarulia da gamouTqmeli.

magram mxolod mas ZaluZs:

arsebaTa xsna da maTi srulqmna.

XLII

dao Sobs erTs.

erTi Sobs ors.

ori Sobs sams.

sami _ yovel arss.

yoveli arsi Seicavs:

`ins~ da `ians~.

avsilia `ciT~ da:

diadi TanxmobiT.

xalxs sZags sityvebi:

`miusafari~, `oboli~, `ubeduri~.

107

xelmwifeni da winamZRvarni:

ase uwodeben TavianT Tavs.

WeSmaritad:

kacni diadoben _ odes mdabldebian.

da mdabldebian _ odes diadoben.

riTac xalxs moZRvravdnen _

mec miT vmoZRvrav:

Zlierni da ulmobelni _

ar kvdebian bunebiTi sikvdiliT.

es aris Cemi damoZRvris arsi.

XLIII

samyaro mSvidia.

yvelaze rbili sZlevs:

yvelaze magars.

aryofnas moucavs:

yvela da yvelaferi.

ai, rad vuwyi:

uZraoba rom Ziria moZraobisa.

samyaroSi mciredni Tu euflebian:

sibrZnes _ dumiliT.

moqmedebas _ umoqmedobiT.

XLIV

ra ufro arsebiTia SenTvis:

dideba Tu Tavad Sen?!

108

ra ufro Zvirfasia SenTvis:

Tavad Sen Tu simdidre?!

ra ufro mZimea SenTvis:

SeZena Tu dakargva?!

WeSmaritad:

vinca bevrs monagrobs:

bevrs zaralobs.

vinca bevrs ixveWs:

WeSmaritebas kargavs.

vinca mcireds kmarobs:

arasodes wawymdeba.

vinca zomierebas morCilebs:

ubedurebas ascdeba.

kaci, damTmeni yovelivesi:

mravalJamieria.

XLV

uudidesi srulqmnili arasrulqmnils

hgavs:

magram misi moqmedeba dausrulebadia.

uudidesi sisavse sicarieles hgavs:

magram misi moqmedeba amoulevelia.

uudidesi mrudi _ wrfes hgavs.

uudidesi sibrZne _ sibriyves hgavs.

uudidesi mWevrmetyveli _ enablus hgavs.

moZraoba amarcxebs sicives.

uZraoba amarcxebs sicxes.

simSvide Seiqms Tanxmierebas.

109

XLVI

odes morCileben daos cisqveSeTSi:

umalesi cxenebi miwas xnaven.

odes uaryofilia dao cisqveSeTSi:

saomari cxenebi Zoven yanebs.

ufro didi codva araferia:

vidre vnebaaSliloba.

ufro didi ubedureba araferia:

vidre sixarbe.

ufro didi danaSauli araferia:

vidre momxveWeloba:

WeSmaritad:

vinca mcireds kmarobs:

madlieria da xarobs.

XLVII

saxlidan gausvlelad egebis:

samyaros Secnoba.

sarkmlidan gauxedavad egebis:

daos Wvreta.

vinca mimoiZvris:

verafers Seicnobs.

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni ar iZvris:

magram yovelives Seicnobs.

Tvaldawuxulia da bnelSi dgas:

magram uWvrets saganTa arss.

110

yovladbrZeni ar moqmedebs:

magram yovelives iqms.

XLVIII

vinca eZiebs codnas:

dRiTidRe imdidrebs codnas.

vinca morCilebs daos:

dRiTidRe imcirebs vnebebs.

vinca niadag imcirebs vnebebs:

diad umoqmedobas aRwevs.

iseTi araferia qveynad:

umoqmedoba ar iqmdes.

umoqmedobiT veuflebiT cisqveSeTs.

xolo moqmedebiTi _ vkargavT mas.

XLIX

yovladbrZenis guli carielia.

misi guli xalxis gulTa Sesakrebelia.

mas Seswevs Zali:

gaibunebos eris azri.

`keTilTac sikeTes mivageb

da ukeTurTac sikeTes mivageb~.

am sikeTiT Seiqms umaRles saTnoebas.

`erTgulTac verTguleb

da orgulTac verTguleb~.

am erTgulebiT Seiqms umaRles saTnoebas.

111

yovladbrZeni sicarieleSi cxovrobs:

amitom cxovrobs mSvidad da marto.

misi guli dafarulia da carieli:

yovels Tanabrad miagebs misagebels.

amitom moZRvrobs kacTa Soris.

amitom morCileben cisqveSeTSi.

yovladbrZeni ise umzers xalxs:

viTarca Svilsa da yrmas.

L

yovelive cocxlobs da kvdeba.

sicocxles cameti safexuri aqvs.

sikvdilsac cameti safexuri aqvs.

kacobrivi sicocxlis safexurebic _

niadag rom sikvdils SeerTvis:

cametia.

ra aris amis mizezi?!

cxoveli ltolva sicocxlisadmi.

me msmenia:

visac sicocxle Seucnia da dauTmenia:

misTvis vefxsa da martorqas ara uvnia.

abjarausxmeli da uiaraRo:

ver SeukrTia xmalTakveTebas.

martorqa versaiT Cascems rqas.

vefxi versaiT Caabrjens Wangs.

maxvili versaiT gangmers mas.

112

WeSmaritad:

vinca Seicno sicocxle da daiTmina:

misTvis ar arsebobs sikvdili.

LI

dao Sobs yovel arss.

de kvebavs yovel arss.

sidiade maTi:

xorcqmnis yovel arss.

Zala maTi:

srulqmnis yovel arss.

iseTi araferia qveynad:

daos rom ar morCilebdes

da des ar eTayvanebodes.

daos imad morCileben

da des imad eTayvanebian:

isini rom aras iTxoven.

aras iTxoven da:

bunebiTobas morCileben.

amitom arian:

ucvlelni da maradiulni.

WeSmaritad:

dao Sobs yovel arss.

de kvebavs yovel arss.

xorcqmnis da mfarvelobs maT.

zrdis da awifes maT.

srulqmnis da winamZRvrobs maT.

mzrunvelobs da Tanalmobs maT.

113

Sehqmen da nu daeuflebi.

xorchqmen da nu imedidureb.

imeufe da nu ibatoneb.

amas ewodeba umaRlesi de.

LII

samyaros aqvs dasabami.

igia deda cisqveSeTisa.

vinca Seicno deda:

man Zed Seicno Tavi.

vinca Zed Seicno Tavi:

man Seicno deda.

xorci misi kvdeba:

suli ki _ ukvdavia.

vinca daixSo yurni

da daibrma Tvalni:

utanjvelad galia wuTisofeli.

vinca vnebebs ahyva

da netarebam STanTqa:

satanjvelSi galia wuTisofeli.

vinca dafarulSi SeaRwia:

yovlismxilvelia.

vinca silbo SeinarCuna:

mZleTamZlea.

vinca siwmides daeufla:

gasxivosnebulia.

114

vinca yovlismxilvelia:

vinca mZleTamZlea:

vinca gasxivosnebulia:

ukvdavia da mravalJamieri.

oden gvami ixrwneba misi.

amas hqvia ziareba maradiulTan.

LIII

me rom codnas vflobde:

did gzaze vivlidi.

didi gza mziania:

magram xalxs bilikebi uyvars.

me maSinebs moqmedeba

da mowyalebas SiSiT gavcem.

samefo kari Tu brwyinavs:

mindvrebi gadaxriokebulia.

beRlebi gamocarielebulia.

didebulni Tu ZvirfaseuliT Semosilan,

brwyinvale saWurvliT SeWurvilan,

ukadrisoben mdabiur sufras

da fufunebaSi yelamde Caflulan:

es avazakobaa da zviadoba.

nuTu esaa dao?!

115

LIV

ar egebis:

sidiadis ZaliT damxoba.

ar egebis:

mkvidrad rgulis gacamtvereba.

marad qeds ixris maT winaSe:

STamomavloba.

vinca maT Tavisi TavisTvis adiadebs:

Tavisi TavisTvis iqms sikeTes.

vinca maT Tavisi saxleulisTvis adiadebs:

Tavisi saxleulisTvis iqms sikeTes.

vinca maT Tavisi soflisTvis adiadebs:

Tavisi soflisTvis iqms sikeTes.

vinca maT Tavisi qveynisTvis adiadebs:

Tavisi qveynisTvis iqms sikeTes.

vinca mTeli samyarosTvis adiadebs:

mTeli samyarosTvis iqms sikeTes.

sikeTe igi _ umaRlesia da yovladi:

viTarca dao _ dafaruli da yovladi.

WeSmaritad.

Seican Tavi Seni

da Seicnob yovels.

Seican saxleuli Seni

da Seicnob sxvisas.

Seican sofeli Seni

da Seicnob soflebs.

Seican qveyana Seni

da Seicnob qveynebs.

116

Seican samyaro

da Seicnob samyaros.

xolo viT Sevicno: _ ranairia samyaro?!

mxolod da mxolod daos wyalobiT.

Seican dao da Seicnob samyaros.

LV

vinca daeufla des:

axalSobils hgavs.

qvewarmavali mas ver dagesls.

nadiri mas ver daglejs.

yvav-yorani mas ver dafleTs.

Tumca Zvlebi susti aqvs

da wadiereba uZalo:

mZlavrad upyria dao.

Tumca ar uwyis mdedrisa da mamris

TanakavSiri:

cxovelmyofelia da yovelives mxilveli.

mTels dRes moTqvams da ar iRleba:

misi xma xmieria da Tanxmierebas flobs.

vinca Tanxmirebas flobs:

igi ucvlelobas flobs.

vinca ucvlelobas flobs:

igi gasxivosnebas flobs.

ukeTurebaa xorciT netareba.

sulierobaa vnebaTa damorCileba.

117

odes arseba Zlierebas aRwevs:

berdeba da CaCanakdeba.

es ki _ daos xelyofaa.

vinca ar morCilebs daos:

Jammoklea misi arseboba.

LVI

brZeni dums.

umecari qadagebs.

brZeni dums da:

ixSobs kars.

igmanavs sarkmels.

iurvebs vnebebs.

brZeni dums da:

isxivosnebs qaoss.

iwyvdiadebs brwyinvas.

SeerTvis mtvers.

amas hqvia dafaruli erTianoba.

amas hqvia dao dafaruli.

ar egebis misi daufleba:

siyvarulis gamo.

ar egebis misi daufleba:

uaryofis gamo.

ar egebis misi daufleba:

angarebis gamo.

ar egebis misi daufleba:

mwuxarebis gamo.

118

ar egebis misi daufleba:

gandidebis gamo.

ar egebis misi daufleba:

damcirebis gamo.

amitom adiadeben daos cisqveSeTSi.

LVII

samarTlianoba safuZvelia xelmwifebisa.

veragoba safuZvelia omisa.

xelmwifebas umoqmedobiT veuflebiT.

saidan vuwyi, es rom asea?!

rac metia akrZalva:

miT metia siRaribe.

rac metia iaraRi:

miT metia amboxi.

rac metia crubrZnoba:

miT metia sixarbe.

rac metia kanoni da brZaneba:

miT metia qurdi da avazaki.

yovladbrZeni amitom ambobs:L

`me aras viqm da:

xalxs Tavad eufleba srulqmnileba.

me mSvidad var da:

xalxs Tavad eufleba samarTlianoba.

me umoqmedod var da:

xalxs Tavad eufleba keTilSobileba.

119

me vbadamcxrali var da:

xalxs Tavad eufleba ubraloeba~.

LVIII

xelmwife Tu uxvia

da mSvidad xelmwifebs:

xalxi keTilia da bednieri.

xelmwife Tu Slegia

da borotad xelmwifebs:

xalxi ukeTuria da ubeduri.

o, ubedurebav!

Sen Ziri xar bednierebis.

o, bednierebav!

Sen Ziri xar ubedurebis.

vin Seicno:

sad iwyeba maTi saTave?

vin uwyis:

sad Zevs maTi mijnebi?

cvalebadni arian da Jamwarmavalni:

simarTle siverageSi gadadis.

xolo sikeTe _ siboroteSi.

o, gauRwevlobav! o, sibrmavev brmaTa!

raxania dabindulia savali kacTa!

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni Zlieria da:

sZags Zalmomreoba.

120

yovladbrZeni samarTliania da:

sZags ukeTuroba.

yovladbrZeni mowyalea da:

sZags angareba.

yovladbrZeni brwyinvalea da:

sZags brwyinvaleba.

LIX

vinca daeufla daTmenas:

xelmwifebs xalxs da msaxurebs cas.

daTmena Ziria morCilebisa.

xolo morCileba _ des srulqmnaa.

vinca des srulqmnas daeufla:

yovlismZleobas daeufla.

vinca yovlismZleobas daeufla:

usamzRvroebas daeufla.

vinca usamzRvroebas daeufla:

cisqveSeTs daeufla.

cisqveSeTis meufe _ dedaa samyarosi.

vinca samyaros dedas daeufla:

usasruloa da JamgrZeli.

Ziri misi uwiaRoa,

Tesli _ cxovelmyofeli.

es ki daoa:

saZirkveli maradisobisa

da dausabamo Wvretisa.

121

LX

vinca did saxelmwifos xelmwifebs:

maradi simSvide da moTmineba marTebs.

xolo Tu daos morCilebiT vixelmwifebT:

av sulebs ar ZaluZT saswaulTa qmna.

araTu saswaulTa qmna ar ZaluZT:

vnebac ki ar ZaluZT.

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni aravis vnebs:

arc mas vnebs vinme.

xolo Tu erTmaneTs ar vvnebT:

Cveni de erTiandeba da srulqmnildeba.

LXI

didi samefo:

mdinareTa TavSesayars hgavs.

igi Sesakrebelia cisqveSeTisa.

igi mdedria cisqveSeTisa.

mdedri TvinierobiT imorCilebs mamrs.

mdedri TvinierobiTve morCilebs mamrs.

WeSmaritad:

odes didi samefo ekrZalvis patara

samefos:

patara samefo morCilebs did samefos.

odes patara samefo ekrZalvis did samefos:

didi samefo morCilebs patara samefos.

122

morCileba mokrZalebas badebs

da krZalulni morCileben erTurTs.

vinca morCilebiT gascems:

daeufleba.

vinca qedmaRlobiT daeufleba:

dakargavs.

xolo Tu:

didi samefo msurvelia _

Tanxmobisa da xalxTa erTianobisa.

patara samefo ki _

siyvarulisa da xalxTa msaxurebisa:

oriveni imas moisTvlian, rasac mieltvian.

WeSmaritad:

vinca sidiades mieltvis:

morCileba marTebs.

LXII

dao Sesakrebelia yoveli arsisa.

igi ganZia keTilTa

da samfarveloa ukeTurTa.

mWevrmetyveleba yvelas ZaluZs.

keTil saqmeTa qmna _ cotas.

ukeTurTa miteveba _ xvedria rCeulTa.

Tu amas ar viqmT:

ra saWiroa mefeni da didebulni?!

mefeni da didebulni ki:

ulev Tvalmargalits floben.

etlebze aRmjdaran da dajiriToben.

123

sjobs Sedgnen da:

mSvidad adiadon dao.

rad adiadebdnen daos Zvelad?!

ar mieltvodnen simdidres

da patiobdnen danaSauls.

amad adiadebdnen daos Zvelad.

LXIII

aRZar da nu iZvri.

hqmen da iuqme.

ixare da imartvile.

sidiade _ simcirea.

simravle _ sicotavea.

sikeTe miage moZules Sensas.

daeufle mZimes:

vidre msubuqia.

daeufle diads.

vidre mcirea.

simsubuqe Seiqms simZimes.

simcire Seiqms sidiades.

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni uqmobs da ar diadobs.

swored amiT iqms da diadia.

vinca mravals RaRadebs:

ver povebs rwmenas.

vinca simsubuqes eufleba,

igi simZimesac eufleba.

124

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni niadag mwuxrs garemoucavs.

amitom dums da simSvides moucavs.

LXIV

uZravs advilad daveuflebiT.

Canasaxs advilad aRmovacenebT.

myifes advilad davamsxvrevT.

danamsxvrevs advilad mimovabnevT.

moqmedeba araraisgan unda daviwyoT.

mSvidoba mSvidobisas unda davamyaroT.

didi xe patara ylortisgan aRmocendeba.

cxrasarTuliani koSki muWa miwiT

aRimarTeba.

aTas utevanze svla nabijiT iwyeba.

vinca moqmedebs:

daiRupeba.

vinca flobs:

dakargavs.

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni ar moqmedebs:

amitom ar iRupeba.

yovladbrZeni ar flobs:

amitom ar kargavs.

vinca iqms da gandidebas lamobs:

ver miaRwevs misaRwevels.

125

vinca iqms da simSvides lamobs:

is miaRwevs misaRwevels.

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni iurvebs vnebebs

da arad miiCnevs iSviaT nivTebs.

swavlulTa gareSe ganiswavleba

da im gzas mihyveba:

rac sxvebma gaiares.

igi morCilebs arsTa bunebiTobas

da dafarul wiaRSi maTs ukuqcevas.

LXV

Zvelad, vinca daos morCilebiT

xelmwifebda:

xalxs umoqmedobasa da umecrebaSi

amyofebda.

bunebiTobas da ubraloebas auflebda.

odes xalxma mravali uwyis

da ar flobs ubraloebas:

Znelia uxelmwifo mas.

WeSmaritad:

vinca crubrZnobiT xelmwifebs:

ukeTuroba moaqvs qveynisTvis.

vinca sibrZniT xelmwifebs:

sikeTe moaqvs qveynisTvis.

vinca es uwyis:

xatia cisqveSeTis.

126

vinca xatia cisqveSeTis:

umaRles des flobs.

o, ra Rrmaa da miuwvdomeli:

umaRlesi de.

igi aras hgavs samyaroSi.

magram Sesakrebelia yovelivesi

da saSoa diadi Tanxmobis.

LXVI

mdinareni da zRvebi:

viT meufeben velTa da mindorTa?!

miT, rom dablobebs eltvian.

ai, rad ZaluZT meufeba:

velTa da mindorTa.

WeSmaritad:

vinca gaxelmwifebas mieltvis:

mokrZaleba marTebs.

vinca gawinamZRvrebas mieltvis:

mowiweba marTebs.

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni ar amZimebs xalxs:

odes gaxelmwifdeba cisqveSeTSi.

yovladbrZeni ar batonobs xalxs:

odes gawinamZRvrdeba cisqveSeTSi.

amitom axelmwifeben sixaruliT.

amitom morCileben TanalmobiT.

amitom mkvidrdeba qveynad mSvidoba.

127

odes qveynad mSvidoba mkvidrdeba:

yovladbrZeni ar mZlavrobs.

ar mZlavrobs da:

uZlevelia cisqveSeTSi.

LXVII

cisqveSeTSi yvela aRiarebs:

Cemi dao rom diadia.

diadia da warudinebeli.

warmavali rom iyos:

JamTadenaSi STainTqeboda.

amitom aravis hgavs cisqveSeTSi.

dao maradiulia, rameTu diadia.

me vflob sam saganZurs:

TvalisCiniviT vufrTxildebi maT.

pirvels hqvia _ siyvaruli.

meores hqvia _ zomiereba.

mesames hqvia _ morCileba.

morCileba, anu is:

risi wyalobiTac simSvide meufleba.

vinca siyvaruls flobs:

Zlieria.

vinca zomierebas flobs:

guluxvia.

vinca morCilebas flobs:

meufea.

vinca Zlieria

da ar uwyis siyvaruli:

128

gaubedurdeba.

vinca guluxvia

da ar uwyis zomiereba:

gaCanagdeba.

vinca meufea

da ar uwyis morCileba:

daiRupeba.

vinca siyvaruliT ibrZvis:

imarjvebs da Jamiers erTvis.

vinca cisgan xsnas mielis:

sofliur siyvaruls mieltvis.

LXVIII

vinca WeSmaritad raindia:

ar mZlavrobs.

vinca WeSmaritad mebrZolia:

ar mrisxanebs.

vinca WeSmaritad mowyalea:

damarcxebuls ar imonebs.

vinca WeSmaritad xelmwifea:

guluxvia da ar xelmwifebs.

amas ewodeba de aRuzaveblobisa.

amas ewodeba Zala xelmwifebisa.

amas ewodeba Tanxmoba cismierisa.

aseTia ZvelTaZveli ganCineba.

129

LXIX

`samxedro xelovneba~ RaRadebs:

`me ar viwyeb, me veli.

gojsac ar warvdgam win:

nabijs ki _ ukuvdgam~.

amas ewodeba winsvla ukusvliT.

amas ewodeba gamarjveba ukudgomiT.

amas ewodeba dalaSqvra uiaraRod.

amas ewodeba omi uomrad.

ufro didi ubedureba araferia:

gZuldes mteri Seni.

mtris siZulvili vnebs daos.

WeSmaritad:

maxvilSemarTulTa Soris is imarjvebs:

vinca Tvinieria da morCili.

LXX

Cemi damoZRvris wvdoma ar aris Zneli.

arc misi gawinamZRvrebaa Zneli.

magram xalxs uWirs wvdoma misi

da gawinamZRvrebac uWirs misi.

sityva Cemi _ dasabamieria.

saqme Cemi _ cismieria.

ukeTu ar uwyian dasabamieri:

mec dafaruli var maTTvis.

mcireds Tu Seucnia dasabamieri.

mec amitom var _ ganZi dafaruli.

130

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni jvaloTia Semosili.

SigniT ki _ ganZiTaa daganZuli.

LXXI

vinca brZenia da Tavi umecrad moaqvs:

znemaRalia.

vinca umecaria da Tavi brZnad moaqvs:

sneulia.

uwode sneulebas sneuleba

da gagecleba sneuleba!

yovladbrZeni ar aris sneuli.

igi uwodebs sneulebas sneulebas:

amitom ar aris sneuli.

LXXII

odes dgeba Jami mZlavrobisa:

xalxi Zrwis ZlierTa winaSe.

nu angrevT maT sacxovrisebs!

nu dasciniT maT cxovrebas!

nu daamwuxrebT sxvis cxovrebas

da Tqvenic aRar damwuxardeba!

amitomaa:

yovladbrZenma uwyis naTeba Tvisi:

magram ar brwyinvalebs.

yovladbrZenma uwyis Tanalmoba Tvisi:

magram ar medidurobs.

131

WeSmaritad:

daeufle erTs da uaryav meore!

LXXIII

vinca Zlieria da mzvaobari:

kvdeba.

vinca Zlieria da Tvinieri:

cocxlobs.

erTs ziani moaqvs,

meores ki _ madli.

vinca uaryo cis meufeba:

ver Seicno maTi Zirebi.

yovladbrZeni amitom martvilobs.

amitom umZims mizezTa Zieba.

meufe cisa ar daobs da uZlevelia.

dums da mravlismetyvelia.

arvis uxmobs da yovelives garemoicavs.

ar iZvris da yoveliveze mets iqms.

ciuri bade gamWvirvalea da usasrulo:

magram erTiania da gauRweveli.

LXXIV

odes xalxs ar akrTobs sikvdili:

rad vemuqrebiT sikvdiliT?!

vinca sikvdiliT emuqreba xalxs:

buneba sjis mas.

132

vinRa gabedavs kvlas?!

aris diadi msajuli:

is spobs mkvlels.

misi Secvla ar egebis.

vinca Secvlis diad msajuls:

buneba dasjis mas.

LXXV

xalxi imad SimSilobs:

saxelmwifo begara rom didia.

amad SimSilobs xalxi.

xalxi imad SfoTavs:

qveynis mpyrobelni rom

bevrs iRvwian misTvis.

amad SfoTavs xalxi.

xalxs imad ar akrTobs sikvdili:

sicocxles rom morCilad mieltvis.

amad ar akrTobs sikvdili.

amad aris sicocxlis morCili:

brZeni.

xolo sicocxleze aRzevebuli:

umecari.

LXXVI

odes ibadeba kaci:

ToToa da susti.

133

odes kvdeba kaci:

magaria da xmeli.

yoveli arsi da aRmonaceni:

ToToa da susti aRmocenebisas.

yoveli arsi da aRmonaceni:

magaria da xmeli kvdomisas.

WeSmaritad:

kvdomadia magari da xmeli.

aRmocenebadia ToTo da susti.

amitomaa:

Zalmosili mxedroba marcxdeba.

xe Zlieri Wkneba da xmeba.

magari da xmeli:

miwas SeerTvis.

ToTo da susti:

cad maRldeba.

LXXVII

mSvildis mozidvas hgavs:

dao bunebiTi.

odes qvedaizideba ze:

maSin zeaizideba qve.

moakldeba Warbs.

moemateba nakluls.

dao bunebiTi:

mdidars wahgvris da Raribs miagebs.

134

dao kacebrivi:

Raribs wahgvris da mdidars miagebs.

vis ZaluZs gasces yoveli?!

vinca daos morCilebs.

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni Seiqms

da ar eufleba Seqmnils.

yovladbrZeni aRZravs

da ar eufleba aRZruls.

yovladbrZeni gasxivosnebulia:

magram bindiT garemoucavs Tavi.

LXXVIII

cisqveSeTSi araferia:

wyalze ufro susti

da wyalze ufro rbili.

magram ZaluZs sZlios:

yvelaze ufro magarsa

da yvelaze ufro Zliers.

aryofna ipyrobs yofiers.

susti sZlevs Zliers.

rbili sZlevs magars.

cisqveSeTSi aravinaa, es rom ar uwyodes.

mxolod rCeulni mieltvian mis

aRsrulebas.

135

yovladbrZeni amitom ambobs:

`vinca gacodvilda mTeli qveynis codviT:

gawinamZRvrda cisqveSeTSi.

vinca daitanja mTeli qveynis tanjviT:

gameufda cisqveSeTSi~.

WeSmaritebas ar sWirdeba RaRadi.

LXXIX

vinca gainela didi siZulvili:

mainc SerCa mcireodeni.

mas ar ZaluZs sikeTis qmna.

amitomaa:

yovladbrZeni daikrebs yvelas codvebs

da sazRaurad arafers iTxovs.

vinca flobs umaRles saTnoebas:

daikrebs codvebs da ewameba.

vinca ar flobs umaRles saTnoebas:

ver daikrebs codvebs da ver ewameba.

diadi dao ganmxoloebulia.

mxolod imas wyalobs:

vinca sikeTes Tess.

LXXX

o, xelmwifeo!

ukeTu Seni samefo pataraa da xalxmcire

da ukeTu flob didZal iaraRs:

136

nu moixmar mas.

Seacnobine adamianT sikvdilis arsi

da arasodes dauteveben mSobliur alagT.

dae, flobde xomaldebsa da etlebs:

magram saomrad nu daZrav maT.

dae, gyavdes laSqari:

magram nu ilaSqreb.

dae, kvlav kvanZebi kvanZon

da werilTa magier agzavnon.

dae, hqondeT sazrdeli _ gemrieli.

samoseli _ mSvenieri.

saxl-kari _ myudro.

xolo cxovreba _ mSvidobiani.

dae, Soridan umziron mezobel qveynebs:

Soridan usminon maTi mamalebis yivils.

Soridan usminon maTi ZaRlebis yefas.

dae, moxucdnen da ise gardicvalon:

verasodes ixilon erTmaneTi.

o, xelmwifeo!

nurad drtvinav da nurad imRvrevi!

Seacnobine adamianT sikvdilis arsi

da arasodes dauteveben mSobliur alagT.

LXXXI

WeSmariti sityva ar aris lamazi.

lamazi sityva ar aris WeSmariti.

znemaRali kaci ar daobs.

vinca daobs: ar aris znemaRali.

brZeni sibrZnes flobs da dums.

umecari _ umecrebas da qadagebs.

137

yovladbrZeni ar ixveWs.

yovelives xalxisTvis iqms

da yovelives gascems.

rac umetess gascems:

mets moisTvlis kvlavgasacemad.

dao bunebiTi:

iqms da uZravia.

dao brZenTa:

iqms da mdumarea.

Î

138

la

o Z

i d

a k

on

fu

ci

. q

vi

s b

ar

el

ie

fi

. X

I s

.

qristianoba da `dao de Zini~

mizanSewonilad CavTvale, gavacno mki-

Txvels axali epoqis udidesi mwerlisa da mo-

azrovnis lev tolstois Tvalsazrisi lao-Zis

moZRvrebisadmi, rogorc monaTesave reli gi -

uri moZRvrebisa qristianul religiur moZRv -

re basTan, da saerTod, misi damokidebu leba

Cinuri, kerZod, `dao de Zinis~ samyarosadmi. es

damokidebuleba kidev erTxel cxadad gvamc-

nobs imas, Tu ra ganuzomeli mniSvneloba aqvs

`dao de Zins~, ra saRmrTo RirebulebaTa Setana

SeuZlia mas ama Tu im eris sulier saganZurSi.

Cinuri religiisa da filosofiisadmi inte -

re si lev tolstois jer kidev 1880-ian wlebSi

aReZra da sikvdilamde arc ganelebia. igi sxveb-

sac uRvivebda am siyvaruls. tolstois am

ltolvas Cinuri sibrZnisadmi gvamcnobs misi

sami patara werili: `konfucis wignebi~, `diadi

moZRvreba~ da `wigni gzisa da saTnoebisa~.

yvela es gaerTianebulia erTi saTauriT: `Ci nu -

ri sibrZne~. tolstois izidavda CinelTa mSvi -

do biani buneba da saTnoebisa da simarTlisadmi

maTi siyvaruli. igi werda: `Cinelebi yvelaze

mSvidobiani xalxia qveynad. maT ara undaT ra

sxvisa, ar uyvarT omi. Cineli mxvnel-mTesvelia.

maTi mefe Tavad xnavs. da amitom, Cinelebi yve-

laze mSvidobiani xalxia qveynad. isini amboben:

`Tu kaci ambobs, rom is kargi mebrZolia, icode

_ is kaci didad saSiSia.~ `saukeTeso kaci is

aris, vinc sxvas borots ar uzams, Tavad mci -

reds ikmarebs, sxvisTvis ki bevrs gascems.

141

Cinelebi borotebas ar sCadian, aravis ebrZvian

da bevrs gascemen, TavianTTvis cotas kma ro -

ben~. `ai, maTi rwmena: isini amboben (amas maTi

moZ Rvari Cu-xi ambobs): `yoveli kaci ciuri

mamisagan iSva; da amitom ar arsebobs kaci, mis

gulSi rom siyvaruli, saTnoeba, simarTle,

Tavazianoba da sibrZne ar Rviodes~.

lev tolstois surda Cinuri filosofiuri

da religiuri ideebi ruseTSic gaevrcelebina.

1891 wels peterburgel gamomcemels m. m.

leder les kiTxviT miumarTavs tol stoi saT -

vis, Tu simwifis asakSi romelma moazrovneebma

moax di nes masze zegavlena. tolstois dasav -

leT Eev ropel moazrovneebTan erTad dausax-

elebia konfuci, men-Zi (`Zalian didi~) da lao-

Zi (`uzarmazari~). 1884 wels, TebervalSi tol-

stoi v. g. Certkovs wers: `vzivar saxlSi Zlier

surdoiani, sicxiT Sepyrobili da meore dRea

konfucis vkiTxulob. ver warmoidgen, ra ara -

Cve ulebrivi simaRlea. tkbebi, roca xedav, Tu

rogor aRwevs zogjer es moZRvreba qristian-

uli moZRvrebis simaRlemde~. amave wlis martSi

tolstoi isev wers Certkovs: `me Cinuri reli -

giiT var Sepyrobili. Zalian bevri kargi ram ga -

mov Cxrike, CemTvis sasargeblo da sa si xarulo.

Tu RvTis wyaloba iqna, minda yovelive es sxveb-

sac gavuziaro~. isev Certkovs wers: `didad

datyvevebuli var Cinuri sibrZniT. Zalian didi

survili maqvs gacnoboT Tqvenca da yvelas is

zne obrivi sargeblianoba, rac me am wignebma

STamagones~. 1884 wlis 27 marts tolstoi dRi -

urSi wers: `Cems zneobriv mdgomareo bas mivawer

142

agreTve konfucis kiT xvas da, rac mTa varia,

lao-Zis~. misive sit yve biT, lao-Zis moZ Rvrebam

masze `uzarmazari zegavlena~ moaxdina.

lev tolstoi `dao de Zinis~ safuZvlian

Seswavlas 1884 wels Sedgomia, roca misi rusu-

lad Targmna da gamocema gadauwyvetia. 1884

wlis 6 marts dRiurSi iwers: `vTargmnidi lao-

Zis. ise ar gamodis, rogorc minda~. mas xelT

hqonia s. Jiulienis franguli Targmani `dao de

Zinisa~ da calkeul Tavebze aseTi minawerebi

gaukeTebia: `metafizika _ saucxooa~. `dasabami

_ saucxooa~. `gasaocaria~. 1893-1894 wlebSi

tolstoi xSirad mimarTavda v. v. stasovs im

literaturis gamo, rac Cinur filosofias See -

xe boda, kerZod ki _ lao-Zis moZRvrebas da Re -

bu lobda kidec misgan dawvrilebiT cnobebs.

rogorc a. i. Sifmani gvauwyebs Tavis wignSi

`lev tolstoi da aRmosavleTi~, tolstoi xel -

meored dabrunebia lao-Zis moZRvrebas, roca e.

i. popovTan erTad muSaoba ganuaxlebia `dao de

Zinis~ rusul Targmanze. `udides mniS vnelobas

rom aniWebda ruseTSi mis gamocemas, mwerali

gamowvlilviT amuSavebda am Tar gmans da uda -

rebda mas dasavleTevropul Targmanebs~. tol-

stois am periodis werilebi da dRiurebi xSirad

gvauwyeben am rTuli samuSaos Sesaxeb. 1893 wlis

2 seqtembers tolstoi cols wers: `Cven misas

(popovTan) vkiTxulobT da vasworebT Rrmad mo -

az rovne mwerlis lao-Zis Targmans; da me yo -

velTvis siamovnebiTa da daZabulobiT ver T -

vebi, da vcdilob gadmovce, vsargeblob fran -

guli da Zalian kargi germanuli Targ ma niT~.

143

1893 wlis 5 oqtombers tolstoi dRiurSi wers:

`popovi aq aris. Cven masTan erTad germaneli

Strausis mixedviT vTargmniT lao-Zis. ra

SesaniSnavia! unda SevadginoT misgan patara

wigni~. raTa droze Sesruldes es Canafiqri,

tol stoi cdilobs CarTos am saSur saqmeSi

Tavisi axlobeli adamianebi, pirvel rigSi v. g.

Certkovi. magram igi gulgrilad ekideboda

tol stois winadadebas. xolo popovma ver daas-

rula Targmani. mwerlis Canafiqri, gaecno

ruse Ti saT vis `dao de Zini~, amJamadac ganuxor-

cielebeli darCenila. 1909 wels mwerali isev

dabrunebia `dao de Zinis~ gamocemis ideas. man

1910 wels gamomcemloba `posrednikSi~ gamos ca

lao-Zis samocdaoTxi aforizmi (tolstois

usar geblia franguli TargmaniT st. Julien Lao-

Tseu, Tao-me-king. he livze de voie et de la vertu, Paris,

1841. am Targmanis garda usargeblia agreTve

germaneli orientalistis viqtor fridrix fon

Strausis (1809-1899) TargmniT: “Lao-Tseu, Tao-me

king. Ubersetzs und commentiert von Victor von Strauss

Leipzig” (1870). tolstoim Cineli brZenis rTuli

da Rrma azris Semcveli sentenciebi, mokle da

naTeli aforizmebiT gadmosca. is am gziT

cdilobda lao-Zis moZRvreba misawvdomi gaexa-

da farTo masebisaTvis. wigns erTvis tolstois

patara winaTqma `lao-Zis moZRvrebis arsi~, sa -

dac umTavresad lao-Zis moZRvrebis religiuri

da zneobriv-eTikuri mxarea ganmartebuli.

lev tolstois `dao de ZinSi~ gansakuTrebiT

izidavda xorcieli damTmelobis idea da sa ku -

Tar TavSi sulieri sawyisis srulqmnisken

144

ltol va, rogorc adamianuri cxovrebis safu-

ZvelTa safuZvlisaken. lao-Zis moZRvrebaSi

tolstoi umTavres mniSvelobas aniWebs damoZ -

Rvras: `icxovro ara sxeulisTvis, aramed

sulisTvis~ da ganmartavs am ZiriTad debule-

bas rogorc zneobriv-eTikur kodeqss, rogorc

ganmsazRvrels adamianis damokidebulebisa

garesamyarosTan. amis mixedviT ganixilavs

d a o s cnebasac. tolstois mixedviT dao aris

cneba, rac sinonimia qristianuli siyvarulis

cnebisa, sinonimia saTnoebisa, anu umaRlesi

sawyisia, risi saSualebiTac adamiani aRwevs

siax loves mTlian samyarosTan. Tavad lao-Zis

ki udides zneobriv moZRvars uwodebda. weril-

idan Cans, rom tolstois `dao de Zini~ aintere-

sebda rogorc mxolod eTikuri moZRvreba. es

imas ar niSnavs, rom tolstois ar esmoda am

Txzulebis kosmologiuri da metafizikuri

arsi _ mas surda lao-Zis ZiriTadi eTikuri

Tvalsazrisebi mTeli xalxisaTvis misawvdomi

gaexada. tolstois araerTxel miumarTavs

lao-Zis mcnebaTa Taviseburi transforma ci i -

saT vis. werilSi `pirveli safexuri~ tolstoi

erTgan wers: `rasac ufro mets miuboZebs kaci

xalxs da TavisTvis mcirediT dakmayofildeba,

miT ufro ukeTesia igi. rac naklebs gaiRebs da

bevrs TavisTvis moixveWs, miT ufro uaresia

igi~. es tipiuri lao-Ziseuli gamonaTqvamia, man

lao-Zis umoqmedobis principi qristianuli

wina Rud gomlobis zneobriv kanons miusadaga.

amito mac werda: `cixesimagre da Zliereba _

sik vdilis Tanamgzavria~. mas miaCnda, rom Zala,

145

_ rasac ZalmomreobasTan aigivebda, _ yovel -

T vis borotebis saTave iyo, xolo wina Rud gom -

lo ba _ saukeTeso gzaa sikeTisa da gamarjve-

bisa. am safuZvelze anaTesavebda tolstoi

lao-Zis moZRvrebas qristianobasTan, budiz m -

Tan da aRmosavleTis im religiebTan, romle -

bic borotebisadmi winaRudgomlobas qa da geb -

dnen. Tumca aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom tol s -

toim ukiduresobamde miiyvana es Tvalsazrisi

da, rogorc ian xin-Suni ambobs, lao-Zis umoq -

me dobis principi mTlianad Tavis moZR vr e bas -

Tan _ borotebis winaRudgomlo bas Tan gaai -

giva; xolo d a o s miawera, rogorc aRv niS neT,

RvTaebrivi Tvisebebi, rac garkveuli niS nebiT

miagavda qristianul moZRvrebas. tol s tois

miaCnda, rom `dao de Zinis~ ideebsa da qris -

tianul moZRvrebas (kerZod maTes saxa re basa da

ioanes pirvel epistoles) Soris bev ri ram iyo

saerTo da naTesauri. da es marTlac asea.

lev tolstoi, lao-Zis msgavsad, zneobrivi

srulqmnis ierarqiul princips aRiarebda.

tol stoi ambobda: `yvela zneobriv moZRvre ba Si

dadasturebulia is kibe, romelic, rogorc

Cinuri sibrZne gvauwyebs, dgas miwidan camde, da

masze aRmasvla SeuZlebelia pirveli safexuris

gareSe~. zneobriobis ierarqiis yvelaze qveda

safexurad igi d a m T m e n l o b a s miiC nev da

(dam Tmenloba erT-erTi ZiriTadi debu lebaa

lao-Zis moZRvrebisa). mas damTmenloba miaCnda

war marTuli da qristianuli moZRv re bis saer -

To miRwevad. Tumca mainc ganasxvavebda maT bu -

ne bas erTmaneTisagan. igi werda: `...war marTs

146

dam Tmenloba TavisTavad saTnoebad warmoudge-

nia, qristianisTvis ki damTmenloba mxo lod

nawilia TviTuaryofisa, rac aucilebeli pi ro -

baa srulqmnis misaRwevad. da amitom WeS ma rit ma

qristianobam Tavis gamovlenaSi ver uar yo is

saTnoebani, romelTac warmarTic aRia reb da~.

tol stoi amave werilSi wers: `keTili cxovreba

ar yofila da arc SeiZleba rom iyos damTme n -

lo bis gareSe. damTmenlobis gareSe warmoud-

genelia yovelgvari keTili cxovreba, yovel -

nai ri wvdoma keTili cxovrebisa misiT iwyeba.

aris saTnoebaTa kibe da igi pirveli sa fe xu -

ridan unda daviwyoT Tu gvinda, rom mom devnos

daveufloT. da pirveli saTnoeba, rasac unda

miaRwios adamianma yvelaze umaRlesis da sa uf -

leblad, aris keTil go ni e reba, anu TviT floba~.

lev tolstois winaTqmas, rac erTvis mis

mier ve Targmnil da gamocemul lao-Zis wigns,

mTlianad gTavazobT:

`lao-Zis moZRvrebis Ziri igivea, rac yvela

didi, WeSmariti religiuri moZRvrebis Ziri.

igi aseTia: kaci Seicnobs Tavis Tavs upirveles

yov li sa sxeulebriv pirovnebad, yovelive da -

nar Ce nisagan gankerZoebulad da msurvelad

sikeTisa mxolod sakuTari TavisTvis. magram

garda imisa, rom yoveli kaci Tavis Tavs Tvlis

petred, iva ned, mariamad, ekaterined, igi ag -

reT ve Tavis Tavs Seicnobs usxeulo arsebad,

iseTived, ro go ric cxovrobs yovel arsebaSi

da miuboZebs mTels qveynierebas sicocxlesa

da sikeTes. ase rom, adamians SeuZlia icxovros

an im sxeuleb riv, samyarosagan gankerZoebul

147

arsebad, ro me lic cocxlobs masSi da romel-

sac mTeli qvey nierebisaTvis surs sikeTe, anda

im usxeulo arsad, romelic cocxlobs masSi da

romelsac mTeli qveynierebisaTvis surs si ke -

Te. adamians ZaluZs icxovros an sxeulisTvis,

anda su lis Tvis. icxovre sxeulisTvis da cxov -

reba mwu xa re biT agevseba, radganac sxeuli

itanjeba, sne u l deba da kvdeba. icxovre suli s -

Tvis da cxovreba sikeTiT agevseba, radganac

sulisTvis ar ar se bobs arc tanjva, arc sneu -

leba, arca sikvdili.

da amitom imisTvis, adamianis cxovreba rom

mwuxareba ki ara, sikeTe iyos, man unda iswavlos

cxovreba ara sxeulisTvis, aramed sulis T vis.

swored amas gvaswavlis lao-Zi. is imas gvas wav -

lis, rogor gadavideT xorcieli arsebo bidan

sulier arsebobaSi. igi Tavis moZ Rv rebas g z a s

uwodebs, radganac mTeli moZRv reba am gar-

daqmnis gzas gviCvenebs, swored amis gamo ewo -

deba lao-Zis mTel moZRvrebas w i g n i g z i s a .

es gza, lao-Zis moZRvrebis mixedvT, imaSi mdgo-

mareobs, rom umoqmedoni viy veT, anda rac

SeiZleba nakleb vqmnaT is, rac sxeuls swadia;

ar SevizRudoT is, rac suls swadia, xorciel

saqmeTa qmnadobiT win ar aR vud geT adamianis

sulSi im cis ZalTa (rogorc lao-Zi uwodebs

RmerTs) gamovlenis Se saZ leblobas, riTac

cocxlobs yovelive qveynad.

xSirad es azri, Tuki igi mTargmnelis mier

sworad aris Targmnili, TiTqos ganzrax uc -

naurad aris gamoTqmuli; magram es azri yvel -

gan mTeli moZRvrebis safuZvelia.

148

es azri ara mxolod hgavs, aramed zustad is

aris, rac ioanes pirvel epistoleSia gamoT qmu -

li da qristianuli moZRvrebis safuZvels war-

moadgens. lao-Zis moZRvrebis mixedviT, er Tad -

erTi gza, risi wyalobiTac adamiani Seer wymis

RmerTs, aris d a o . d a o xom yovelive zed-

metis, xorcielis daTmeniT Seimec neba. asea

moZRvrebis mixedviT, romelic gamoTqmulia

ioanes pirvel epistoleSi. ioanes moZRvrebis

mixedviT, adamianis RmerTTan Serwymis saSu a -

leba aris siyvaruli. siyvarulic iseve, ro -

gorc d a o , miiRweva yovelive sxeulebrivis,

pi ra dulis daTmobiT. da rogorc sityva

d a o S i , lao-Zis moZRvrebis mixedviT, igu lis -

xmeba casTan Serwymis gzaca da Tavad gzac, _

aseve ioanes moZRvrebis mixedviT, sityva

siyvarulSi igulisxmeba siyvarulica da Tavad

R m e r T i c (`RmerTi siyvaruli ars~). rogorc

erTi, ise me o re moZRvrebis arsi is aris, rom

adamians ZaluZs Seimecnos Tavisi Tavi

gankerZoebiTac da ganuyofladac, war-

mavladac da maradiuladac, xorcieladac da

sulieradac, cxoveladac da RvTaebrivadac.

imis misaRwevad, rom Se vi mecnoT Tavi Cveni

sulierad da RvTa eb rivad, lao-Zis mixedviT,

arsebobs mxolod erTi gza, rasac is d a o s

uwodebs da rac Tavis TavSi umaRlesi

saTnoebis cnebas Seicavs. es Seg neba miiRweva im

TvisebebiT, rasac yvela xalxebi floben. ase

rom, lao-Zis moZRvrebis arsi igivea, rac qris-

tianuli moZRvrebis arsi. rogorc erTi, ise

meore gamovlinebis arsi damTmenlobaa yove-

149

live sxeulebrivisa, im sulieri RvTaebrivi

sawyisis miRwevaa, rac adamianis cxovrebis

safuZvelia~.

*

lev tolstoi, rogorc vnaxeT, xazgasmiT

aRniSnavda im naTesaur kavSirs, rac marTlac

arsebobs lao-Zis moZRvrebasa da qristianul

moZRvrebas Soris. raime pirdapir zegav le -

nebze laparaki albaT SeuZlebelia, magram `dao

de Zinis~ calkeul motivebsa da saxarebis

ideebs Soris rom didi msgavsebaa, es udavoa.

saerTod cnobilia, rom qristianobam, vidre

igi Tavis orTodoqsul saxes miiRebda, Seiwova

manamde arsebuli yvela didi sibrZne. bertran

raseli `dasavleTis filosofiis istoriaSi~

xazgasmiT ambobs, rom qristianuli religia,

rac mogvianebiT romis imperiam uwyaloba

araromael xalxebs, sami ZiriTadi elementis-

gan Sedgeba: platonisa da neoplatonuri moZ -

Rv reba (nawilobriv stoicizmi), ebraelTa re -

ligia da axali xanis Teoriebi (xsnis Teo ria),

rac nawilobriv orfizmSi da axlo aRmo -

savleTSi vlindeboda. swored am mizezTa gamo,

sruliadac ar aris gamoricxuli, rom lao-Zis

moZRvrebas, religiur daoizms rom daedo

safuZvlad, raRac saxiT da romeliRac Sua -

leduri gziT CaeRwia dasavleTSi; da araTu

gamoricxuli ar aris, vfiqrob, sxvanairad war-

moudgenelic kia. diadi movlenebis da axali

150

eris dawyebis winaSe mdgomi winareqristianuli

msoflio erT fokusSi ikrebda yvela im re li -

giur sibrZnes, rac imdroindeli civilizaciis

centrebSi iyo cnobili da erTi qveynidan

meoreSi vrceldeboda.

ra Ra Tqma unda, am SemTxvevaSi Cems mizans ar

Seadgens raime genetikuri kavSirebis Zieba am

or moZRvrebas Soris, _ es calke uzarmazari

kvlevis sferoa. Cemi survilia, mxolod zogadi

xasiaTisa da calkeuli konkretuli aspeq tis

msgavsebaTa aRniSvniT Semovifarglo, vaC veno

is msgavseba, is Sinagani kanonzomierebani, rac

am or moZRvrebas, ufro sworad, `dao de Zinsa~

da saxarebas anaTesavebs erTmaneTTan.

*

Sarl enSleni wignSi `religiis warmoSoba~

ganixilavs adreuli qristianobis Canasaxebs da

misi warmoSobis erT Zirs filon aleqsan-

drielis saxels ukavSirebs. enSleni ase war-

mogvidgens filonis ZiriTad ideebs: 1. erTiani

transcendenturi RmerTis idea, rasac ar

ZaluZs daukavSirdes adamians Suamavlis _ lo -

gosis gareSe, Sobils samyaros warmoSobamde,

da rasac filoni aigivebs platonelTa da

neopitagorelTa sityvasTan. logos _ RvTis

msaxuria, ris winaSec igi xalxisTvis iRvwis. 2.

logosis idea (anu sityvisa, RvTis Zisa) yovel-

nairi moqmedebis pirvelmizezia, rac erT dro -

u lad aris gonic da sityvac da raSic RvTis

151

Semoqmedi Zala isaxeba. zogjer filoni lapa -

rakobs masze, rogorc pirovnebaze. is wers, rom

logosi `srulqmnili Zea, RvTis rCeuli~.

bolos enSleni daaskvnis: `RmerTi sargeblobs

Tavisi logosiT, rogorc aRmsrulebliT, misi

wyalobiT Seqmna RmerTma samyaro~.

Tuki am debulebebs lao-Ziseul daosa da

des SevupirispirebT, msgavsebis aseT suraTs

miviRebT: dao dasabamieria da uxilavia, aryof-

naa, xolo de daos gamovlinebaa yofierebaSi,

anu TviTyofierebaa, cxadi da xilvadi. filo -

niseuli logosi, Cemi azriT, ufro des ganzo-

gadebul cnebas miesadageba, vidre daos

cnebas. logosi RmerTis gacxadebuli asaxvaa,

uxilavi da dafaruli RmerTis saxieri gamov-

linebaa, rac asxeulebs yovel arss da awes-

rigebs samyaros nivTier qmedebas. asevea daoc.

de, rogorc ukve viciT, konkretuli asaxvaa

uxilavi da dafaruli daosi, misi nivTieri

gamovlinebaa, rac `xorcqmnis yovel arss...

srulqmnis yovel arss~ (LI). qristianuli cneba

_ logosi rom lao-Zis des msgavsia, amas ioanes

saxarebis dasawyisic adasturebs: `pirveliTgan

iyo sityua¡, sityua¡ igi iyo RmrTisa Tana, da

RmerTi iyo sityua¡ igi. ese iyo pirveliTgan

RmrTisa Tana. yovelive mis mier Seiqmna, da

Tvinier misa arca erTi ra¡ iqmna, raodeni ra¡

iqmna, mis Tana cxovreba¡ igi iyo naTel kacTa.

da naTeli igi bnelsa Sina Cans, da bneli igi mas

ver ewia~ (1,1-5). logosi udris qristes, qriste

152

udris umaRles srulqmnas, umaRlesi srulqmna

udris des, de udris yovladbrZens. aqedan

SeiZ leba vivaraudoT, rom qriste da lao-Zis

yovladbrZeni sinonimuri Sinaarsis cnebebia.

logosi igive wmida sulic aris. xolo lao-

ZisTvis yovladbrZeni da wmida suli tol-

fasovani cnebebia, radganac Cinuri religiur-

miTologiuri warmodgeniT brZeni da wmidani

erTsa da imaves niSnavs. filo so fo seb Tan lo -

gosi iyo Taviseburi saxis sayo vel Tao goni;

qris tianobaSi igi warmodga pi rov nebad: Rmer -

Tma sityvis SuamavlobiT Seqmna samyaro da

sityva iqca sagnad, xorcad, ramac Tavis TavSi

RvTaebrivi da adamianuri sawyisebi ga a er Tiana.

Tuki logoss, religiaSi gadmotanils, gavi -

azrebT rogorc qristes _ uzenaesi meufis

ideaTa aRmsrulebels miwaze, maSin qristes

idea SeiZleba davinaxoT lao-Zis des cnebaSi, im

des, rac ganasrulebs da ganacxadebs dasabami-

er daos Sinagan Zvrebsa da kanonebs (LI).

qriste, Suamavali srulqmnil RmerTsa da

arasrulqmnil adamians Soris, Tavad yvelaze

umaRlesi Suamavali, aTavisuflebs RvTaebrivi

warmomavlobis suls, Camwyvdeuls materialur

samyaroSi. es materialuri samyaro ki Sedegia

dabneulobisa da siyalbisa, harmoniisa da pir -

vel yofili mTlianobis rRvevisa. am mTli a no -

bis miRweva SesaZlebelia pirvelyofil arsTan

_ pleromasTan SerwymiT, rac Tavisi bunebiT

idealuria da Seicavs Tavis TavSi rogorc

153

RmerTs, ise sulier samyaros. xsna ZaluZT mxo -

lod sulis kacT, romelTa ZaluZT dafa rul

misteriaTa Secnoba. am azrs TavisTavad

mivyavarT lao-Zis yovladbrZenis saxesTan.

vis ZaluZs xsna da JamgrZeloba, vis ZaluZs

gamoZRvreba da gawinamZRvreba? mxolod mas,

vinc Seicno dao da miswvda mis arss, vinc Tavad

iqca daod. `Tavad iqca daod~ metafizikur da

mistikur cnebaTa kompleqsia, radganac igi

faqtiurad des tolfasovani cnebaa, rogorc

umaRles saTnoebaTa Sesakrebeli. vinc miaRwia

umaRles saTnoebas da zneobriv srulqmnas, is

aris BmravalJamieri (XVI), anu ukvdavi. xolo

vin aris mravalJamieri? vinc gadiadda, `vinca

waruvalSi gardicvala~ (XXXIII), anu gaukvdav-

da. xolo vin gadiadda da gaukvdavda? yov lad -

brZeni, igive wmida suli, anu igive qriste. ma -

te riisagan gamonTavisuflda suli da Seerwya

Tavis maradiul samyofs. enSleni askvnis: `aq

Cven vnaxulobT, da amaSi araferia ga sak vi ri, _

cne ba logosis Temas rogor ZaluZs aRa dginos

erTianoba. sxvadasxva sinkretul mimdina re o -

baSi logosi Seimecneboda sxvadasxva saxiT:

zogjer mas orfeosTan aigivebdnen, zog jer _

iesosTan: zogjer adamianis sxeulSi myof

RvTaebriv eonTan, zogjer _ mosesTan, zog jer

_ gvel-leviaTanTan... zogjer ki _ mzesTan~.

axla vnaxoT, rogor hgavs iesos mesianur

saxes lao _ Zis yovladbrZeni. rogorc zemoT

aRiniSna, Tu logosi igive qristea, qriste

154

igive umaRlesi Sesakrebelia saTnoebisa da

sru lqmnisa, RvTaebrivi Zalisa da sulisa. Tu

yove live es udris des da de udris yov -

ladbrZens _ maSin yoveladbrZeni udris

logossac da udris qristesac. xSirad es

msgavseba ise TvalsaCinoa, TiTqmis sulieri

mdgomareobis garegan saxeSic anu xorciel

xatSic ki vlindeba. lao-Zis yoveladbrZenis

saxes Cven ukve kargad vicnobT. gana swored ase

ar gamoiyureba renesansis epoqis fermwerTa

mier Sesrulebuli qriste _ susti, pasiuri,

umoqmedo, wmida, saTno, tanjuli, magram Sina -

ganad Zlieri da RvTaebrivi cecxliT gaci s -

krovnebuli. Tavad morCili da imave dros wina -

mZRvari da moZRvari. lao-Zis yovlad brZenSi

Casaxulia mesianizmis idea, RmerT-kacis idea,

rac sruli gamoxatulebaa daos bune biTobisa

da umoqmedo moqmedebisa. qristes fermkrTal

saxes, mis umoqmedo da pasiuri Jestsa da

mzeras, mis Cvilsa da faqiz sulier sawyisebs,

raSic saRmrTo Zala da energia Wvivis, ena -

Tesaveba lao-Ziseuli yovladbrZenis buneba.

qristianuli gnosticizmi, anu Semecneba warmo -

d geba, rogorc saSualeba miwiuri keTil dRe o -

bis uaryofisa, xorcis daTrgunvisa, siwmidisa

da damTmenlobis miRwevisa. qristes tanjvac

sxva araferia, Tu ara sulis xorcze gamarjve-

ba. lao-Ziseuli yovladbrZeni uaryofs yove -

l gvar keTildReobas, yovelives gascems, itan-

jeba sxvaTa tanjviT, daiTmens vnebebsa da

155

survilebs, raTa tanjvis gziT miswvdes daos

arss, Seimecnos igi da icxovros ise, rogorc

wyalma, romelic daosa da umaRlesi saTnoebis

msgavsia (VIII).

qristianuli mesianizmi igive sulis xsnaa; im

xanaSi gavrcelebuli iyo mesianuri moZraoba.

mesiad saxavdnen bevrs. TviT ioane naTlis mce -

melic ki, vinc qristianuli tradiciis mixe dviT

qristes winamorbedi iyo, erT-erTi mesi aTa -

gania. lao-Zis mTel legendur-miTiur cxovre-

bas da mistiuri saburveliT garemosil pirov -

nebas, mTel mis moZRvrebas mesianuri elferi

dah kravs. upirvelesad es Cans yovlad brZenis

saxeSi. qristianul moZRvrebaSi Semec neba, anu

gnosis (berZnulad `codna~) SeiZleba davakav Si -

roT yovladbrZenTan. igi, Tavisi umaRlesi

sru lqmnis misaRwevad codnas flobs, anu

sibrZnes (igive siwmidesa da WeSmaritebas). xo -

lo misteriaTa religiebi Seicavda xsnas, anu

mesiis Secnobas. amnairad, codna anu Semecneba

ukavSirdeba yovladbrZens, rac, zemoT naTqva -

mis mixedviT, mesianur sferos SeerTvis, mesia

da codna, anu sibrZne, ganuyofel kavSirSi arian

erTmaneTTan. aqedan warmodgeba sulis ukvdave-

bis (berZnul filosofiasa da qristianul re -

ligiaSi) da JamgrZelobis motivebi, raic tol-

fasovani cnebebia da gaRvTiurebis princips

asaxaven. aseTia `dao de Zinisa~ da qristianuli

moZRvrebis mesianuri msgavsebani, qristesa da

yovladbrZenis saxeebSi ganxorcielebuli.

156

adreul qristianobaSi warmoiSva azri, rom

`...zogierT adamians aqvs zebunebrivi warmomav -

loba~. lao-Zis yovladbrZeni flobs am zebu neb -

riv Tvisebebs. mas ZaluZs gawinamZRvreba, cad

amaR leba, gaxelmwifeba, daosTan ziareba. es sxva

ara feria, Tu ara igive mesianizmi. saxarebaSi

qris te warmodgenilia kacad da mere gaR mer Te -

buli, rac mas ufro axlobels xdida mor wmu ne -

TaTvis. lao-Zis principic aseTia: gza kacidan

Rme rTamde, ufro sworad, gaRmerTe bamde; umaR -

lesi srulqmnilebis mwvervalze asasvlelad ie -

rar qiuli safexurebis gavlaa aucilebeli.

qriste mokvda adamianTa codve bis Tvis; is yve-

las patiobs. pavle ambobs: `...qriste mokuda

cod vaTa CuenTaTvis~ (1 kor. mimarT. 15, 3). qris -

tes Ratakni uyvars, mdidarni ar cxondebian.

maTe ambobs: ̀ netar iyvnen glaxakni suliTa, ra me -

Tu maTi ars sasufeveli caTai~ (5, 3). lao-Zi

ambobs: `Zvirfaseuli niv Tebi: aubedurebs kacs~

(XII). `vinca bevrs ixveWs: WeSmaritebas kargavs.

vin ca mcireds kma robs: arasodes wawymdeba~

(XLIV). qriste Tavisi morCilebiTa da sakuTari

Ta vis msxverplad mitaniT, tanjviT daixsnis ada -

mianTa modgmas im codvebisagan, rac adamma daa -

te xa maT Tavs. es golgoTizmi asea `dao de ZinSi~

Tqmu li: `vinca ga codvilda mTeli qveynis cod -

viT: gawi na m ZRvrda cis qve SeTSi. vinac daitanja

mTe li qveynis tan jviT: gameufda cisqveSeTSi~

(LXXVIII). lao-ZisTvis tanjva igive siwmides niS -

navs, siwmide sikeTes, xolo sikeTe _ sibrZnes.

157

qristianuli moZRvrebisa da `dao de Zinis~

ideebi kidev mraval punqtSi Tanxvdebian

erTmaneTs. qristianobis SemuSavebuli pirvel -

qmnili codva, Tavisi arsiT, uaxlovdeba lao-

Ziseuli bunebiTi kanonis darRvevas. bune bi To -

ba, rogorc viciT, maradiuli da ucvleli ka -

nonia lao-Zis mixedviT; mas unda morCilebdes

yoveli arsi da adamiani, Tuki surs miaRwios

Tanxmobas bunebasTan. vinc arRvevs bunebi -

Tobis kanons, scodvas da buneba sjis mas.

magram am codvebs gaiTavisebs, Tavis arsSi

daikrebs yovladbrZeni qristes msgavsad.

lao-Zi ambobs: `ukeTu bunebiToba aRigveba:

saidum lo WurWlad gardicvleba. yovlad brZe -

ni misi wyalobiT gawinamZRvrdeba da: diadi

Tan xmoba ar dairRveva~ (XXVIII). bunebiToba

rom davicvaT, aucilebelia vnebaTa daTrgunva

da xorcis uaryofiT diadi simSvidis mopoveba

(XVI, XXIII da sxva.). maTe ki ambobs: `netar iyvnen

mSvidni, rameTu maT daimkvidron queyanai~ (5, 5).

cxadad Wvivis bunebiTobisadmi morCilebis

idea qristes am sityvebSi: `amisaTvis getyv

Tquen: nu hzrunavT sulisa TquenisaTvis, rai

hsuaT, nuca xorcTa TquenTaTvis, rai Seimo -

soT. anu araa suli ufro¡s ars sazrdelisa da

guami samoslisa? mihxedeT mfrinvelTa cisaTa,

rameTu ara sTesven, arca mkian, arca Seikreben

saunjeTa, da mama¡ Tqueni zecaTai zrdis maT;

ara-me Tquen ufrois umjobes xarTa mfrin -

velTa? anu vinme Tquengani zrunvides da

158

SeuZlos SeZinebad hasaksa Tvissa wyrTa erTi?

da samoslisaTvis raisa hzrunavT? ganicadeniT

SroSanni velisani, viTar-igi aRorZindis! ara

Surebian, arca sTavn~ (maTe 6, 25-28).

warmarTuli da winareqristianuli, iseve

rogorc orTodoqsuli qristianizmi, uSvebda

sinamdvilisagan gaqcevas, gandgomasa da aske-

tizmis sxvadasxva formebs. rogorc araer T g -

zis iTqva, lao-Zi iyo pirveli CineTSi, vinc as -

ke tizmi da gandegiloba iqadaga. igi qadagebda

dam Tmenlobasa da xorcis daTrgunvas, su lis

amaR lebas da am gziT daos wvdomas. es aris

srul qmnis erTaderTi gza. rogorc maTes sa xa -

rebaSia naTqvami: `iyveniT Tquen srul, viTarca

mama¡ Tqueni zecaTa¡ srul ars~ (5, 48). es aris

wvdoma uzenaesi harmoniisa da srulqmnisa.

asketizmisa da eulobis motivi Zireul xazad

gasdevs `dao de Zins~. erTgan vkiTxu lobT:

`kaci, raJams saqmes ganasrulebs: simar to veSi

unda ukudges. kaci, saqmes rom aRas ru lebs:

sofliur usasrulobas unda SeerTos~ (IX).

qristianobam uaryo msxverplSewirvis ri -

tua li. qristes miewereba aseTi gamoTqma

(`Tor metTa saxarebaSi~): `me moved mospobad

msxver plSewirvisa, xolo Tu Tqven ar SewyvetT

msxverplTa Sewirvas, ar dacxreba mZvinvareba

Tqvenze~. markozis saxareba pirdapir ambobs:

`da etyoda maT: SabaTi kacisTvis daebada, da

ara Tu kaci SabaTisaTvis~ (2, 27). rogorc cno-

bilia, qristes moRvaweobis pirveli nabijebi

159

iudevelTa religiaSi SemuSavebuli ritualisa

da formalur mcnebaTa darRveviT iwyeba _

wesebis gauqmebiT, SabaTi dRis uaryofiT. qris -

te qadagebda, rom RmerTi siyvaruls iTxovs da

ara msxverpls. lao-Zi mTeli Tavisi pirovnuli

arsiTa da Tavisi moZRvrebiT winaaRmdegi iyo

ritu alisa saerTod da kerZod _ msxver pl Se -

wirvisa. igi amiT ebrZoda konfucianelTa for-

malobebs da garegnul CvevaTa demonstrirebas.

daos wvdoma da aRiareba sulSi unda xorciel -

debodes. es aris rwmenis arsi (III, XII, XVIII, XIX,

da sxva). formaluri ritualis mavneblobazea

saubari maTes saxarebis meTxuTmete TavSi.

kidev erT sagulisxmo niSanze minda gava-

maxvilo mkiTxvelis yuradReba. kvira dRe, anu

mzis dRe iqca qristes aRdgomis dRed.

markozis saxarebis mixedviT, qriste aRdga

kvira dRes. swored amis gamo kvira dRe uqme anu

uqmobis dRea. lao-Zis yovladbrZenis erT-

erTi uZiriTadesi niSani aris uqmoba da am

uqmobiT umaRlesi srulqmnis miRweva,

umoqmedobiT gawmidaneba, gasxivosneba, uqmoba

anu gaJamgrZeleba da gaukvdaveba.

*

lev tolstoi bevr saerTos xedavda qristi -

a nul moZRvrebasa da lao-Zis moZRvrebas

Soris. nawilobriv maTi msgavseba da saerTo

niS nebi ukve aRvwere. amJamad, yovelgvari

komentaris gareSe, mkiTxvels minda warvudgi-

160

no arsiTa da azriT msgavsi adgilebi, rac

dadasturebulia saxarebasa da `dao de ZinSi~.

maTe: `netar iyvnen glaxakni suliTa, rameTu

maTi ars sasufeveli caTa¡~ (5, 3). `netar iyvnen

mglo vareni guliTa, rameTu igini nugeSinis-

ce mul iqmnen~ (5, 4).

lao-Zi: `WeSmaritad: vinca SiSobs cis qve Se -

Tis xelmwifebas: unda gavaxelmwifoT cis qve -

SeT Si. vinca mwuxarebs cisqveSeTis xel mwi -

febas: unda mivuboZoT cisqveSeTi~ (XIII, 30).

maTe: `netar iyvnen mSvidni, rameTu maT

daimkvidron queyana¡~ (5, 5).

lao-Zi: `vinca aRivso udidesi simSvidiT:

aRivso sicarieleSi arsTa wrebrunviT~ (XVI, 32).

maTe: `xolo me getyv Tquen: ara winaaR dgo -

mad borotisa. aramed romelman gces Sen yuri-

malsa Sensa marjuenasa, miupyar mas erTker -

Zoica~ (5, 39). `xolo me getyv Tquen: giyuardeT

mterni Tquenni da akurTxevdiT mwyevarTa

TquenTa da keTilsa uyofdiT moZuleTa

TquenTa da ulocevdiT maT, romelni

gmZlavroben Tquen da gdevnidnen Tquen~ (5, 44).

lao-Zi: `sikeTe miage moZules Sensas~ (LXIII,

147). `ufro didi ubedureba araferia: gZuldes

mteri Seni. mtris siZulvili vnebs daos~ (LXIX,

167).

maTe: `ra¡Ta iyvneT Tquen Svili mamisa

Tquenisa zecaTa¡sa. rameTu mze misi aRmovals

borotTa zeda da keTilTa, da wvims marTalTa

zeda da cruTa~ (5, 45).

161

lao-Zi: `keTilTac sikeTes mivageb da

ukeTurTac sikeTes mivageb~. am sikeTiT Seiqms

umaRles saTnoebas. `erTgulTac verguleb da

orgulTac verTguleb~. am erTgulebiT Seiqms

umaRles saTneobas~ (XLIX, 144).

maTe: `ekrZaleniT qvelis saqmesa Tquensa,

ra¡Ta ar hyoT winaSe kacTa saxilvelad maTa.

ukueTu ara, sasyideli ara gaqus mamisa Tque ni -

sagan zecaTa¡sa~ (6, 1). `xolo raJams iqmode

qvelsa saqmesa, nu hqadageb winaSe Sensa...~ (6, 2).

`ra¡Ta iyos qvelis saqme Seni farulad, da mama¡

Seni romeli hxedavs dafarulTa, mogagos Sen

cxadad~ (6, 4).

lao-Zi: `kaci, raJams saqmes ganasrulebs:

simartoveSi unda ukudges~ (IX, 22). `hqmen da: ar

dae uflo qmnils. aRZar da: ar daeuflo aRZ -

ruls~ (X, 24). `kaci, vinca umaRles des flobs:

ar moqmedebs... vinca umaRles kacT moyvareobas

flobs: uqmobs da ase moqmedebs. moqmedebs, mag -

ram Tavad umizezoa da uCinari~ (XXXVIII, 87).

`Seh qmen da nu daeuflebi. xorchqmen da nu ime-

didureb. imeufe da nu ibatoneb~ (LI, 119).

`yoveladbrZeni mowyalea da sZags angareba.

yovladbrZeni brwyinvalea da sZags brwyin-

valeba~ (LVIII, 138). `yovladbrZeni daikrebs yve-

las cod vebs da sazRaurad arafers iTxovs~

(LXXIX, 192).

maTe: `amisTvis getyv Tquen: nu hzrunav su -

lisa TquenisaTvis, ra¡ sWamoT da ra¡ hsuaT,

nuca xorcTa TqunTaTvis, ra¡ SeimosoT. anu ara

162

su li ufro¡s ars sazrdelisa da guami samos -

lisa?~ (6, 25).

lao-Zi: `vinca avsilia uwmidesi suliT da

flobs dafarulis saidumlos: ucTomelia da

JamgrZeli~ (X, 23).

maTe: `rameTu romliTa gankiTxviTa gani kiT -

xvi deT, ganikiTxneT, da romliTa sawyauliTa

miuwyoT, mogewyos Tquen~ (7, 2).

lao-Zi: `rasac miageb, imasve mogageben~

(XXX, 69).

maTe: `da iyvneT Tquen moZulebul yovel Ta -

gan saxelisa CemisaTvis. xolo romelman daiT -

minos sruliad, igi cxovndes~ (10, 22).

lao-Zi: `kaci, damTmeni yovelivesi: mraval -

Jamieria~ (XLIV, 105).

maTe: `da romelman ara aRiRos juari Tvisi

da Semomidges me, igi ara ars Cemda Rirs~ (10, 38).

`romelman moipovos suli Tvisi, wariwymidos

igi; da romelman moipovos suli Tvisi CemTvis,

man povos igi~ (10.39).

lao-Zi: `vinaca morCilebs daos: daos Ta na -

arsia. vinca morCilebs des: des Tanarsia. vinca

morCilebs warmavals: warmavlis Tana ar sia.

vinca daos Tanaarsia: daos daeufleba. vinca

des Tanaarsia: des daeufleba. vinca warmavlis

Ta naarsia: warmavals daeufleba~ (XXIII, 55).

maTe: `anu yavT xe igi keTil da nayofica misi

ke Til; anu yavT xe igi xeneS da nayofica misi xe -

neS. rameTu nayofisagan xe igi sacnaur ars~ (12,

33).

163

lao-Zi: `vinca Seicno deda: man Zed Seicno Tavi.

vinca Zed Seicno Tavi: man Seicno deda~ (LII, 120).

maTe: `amisTvis igaviT vetyv maT, rameTu

hxed ven da ara hxedven, esmis da ara esmis, arca

gulisxma-yvian~ (13, 13); `da aResrulebis maT

zeda winaswarmetyuelebai igi esaia¡si: smeniT

ges modis, da ara gulisxma-hyoT, xedviT xedvi -

deT, da ara ixiloT~ (13, 14).

lao-Zi: `vumzer da ver vxedav; amitom vu wo -

deb uxilavs. vusmen da ar mesmis: amitom vu wo -

deb uxmos. veltvi da ver vwvdebi: amitom vuwo -

deb dafuruls~ (XIV, 31). `vinca daos xilulad

umzers: misTvis ganuWvretelia igi. vinca daos

bgerebSi usmens: misTvis daxSulia igi. vinca

daos moisaxmarisebs: misTvis miuwvdomelia

igi~ (XXXV, 82).

maTe: `xolo man rqua maT: ara, nuukue

Sekrebasa RvarZlisasa aRmohfxuraT ifqlica~

(13, 29).

lao-Zi: `o, ubedurebav! Sena xar Ziri bed-

nierebis, o, bednierebav! Sena xar Ziri ubedure-

bis. vin Seicno: sad iwyeba maTi saTave? vin

uwyis: sad Zevs maTi mijnebi? cvalebadni arian

da Jamwarmavalni: simarTle siverageSi gadadis.

xolo sikeTe _ siboroteSi~ (LVIII, 137).

maTe: `romeli umcires ars yovelTa TeslTa,

xolo raJams aRorZindis, ufrois yovelTa

mxalTa arn igi da iqmnis igi xe did, vidremdis

movidian mfrinvelni cisani da daadgrian

rtoTa misTa~ (13, 32).

164

lao-Zi: `didi xe patara ylortisagan aRmo -

cendeba. cxrasarTuliani koSki muWa miwiT

aimarTeba. aTas versze svla Sens ferxTqveS

iwyeba~ (LXIV, 153).

maTe: `... romelsa hnebavs Semodgomad Cemda,

uar-yavn Tavi Tvisi...~ (16, 24). `...da romelman

wariwymidos suli Tvisi CemTvis, man povos igi~

(16, 25).

lao-Zi: `yovladbrZeni yovelives morCilia.

morCilia da gawinamZRvrebulia. uaryofs xor-

ciel tans da sofliur maradisobas erTvis.

nuTu araferia, is rom xorciel tans uaryofs?

swored amiT aris srulqmnili. srulqmnilia da

mravalJamieri~ (VII, 18).

maTe: `da hrqua: amin getyv Tquen, ukeTu ara

moiqceT da iqmneT viTarca yrmani, ver SexvideT

sasufevelsa caTasa~ (18, 3). `rameTu romelman

daimdablos Tavi Tvisi, viTarca yrmai ese, igi

ufrois iyos sasufevelsa caTasa~ (18, 4).

lao-Zi: `vinca avsilia uwmidesi suliT da

flobs uxilvel Zalebs: morCilia, viTarca

Cvili~ (X, 23). `me yrmas vgavar, vinca jerac ar

movlenila~ (XX, 48). `vinca daeufla des:

axalSobils hgavs~ (LV, 127). `odes ibadeba kaci:

ToToa da susti. odes kvdeba kaci: magaria da

xmeli... magari da xmeli: miwas SeerTvis. ToTo

da susti: cad maRldeba~ (LXXVI, 182. 183).

maTe: `xolo ieso hrqua mowafeTa TvisTa:

amin getyv Tquen, rameTu mdidari Zniad Sevides

sasufevelsa caTasa~ (19, 23).

165

lao-Zi: `vinca bevrs ixveWs: WeSmaritebas

hkargavs~ (XLIV, 105).

maTe: `xolo mravalni iyvnen pirvelni ukuana,

da ukuanani wina~ (19, 30). `xolo Tquen Soris ara

egreT iyos, aramed romelsa unebs Tquen Soris

did yofai, iyavn Tquenda msaxur~ (20, 26). `da

romelsa unebs Tquen Soris wina yofai, iyos igi

Tquenda mona~ (20, 27). `viTarca Ze kacisa¡ ara mo -

vida ra¡Tamca imsaxura, aramed msaxurebad da mi -

cemad suli Tvisa saxsrad mravalTaTvis~ (20, 28).

lao-Zi: `winmavali da ukanmavali erTmaneTs

mor Cilebs~ (II, 6). `yovladbrZeni ar moqmedebs.

iqms da umoqmedoa. umoqmedoa da: yoveli arsi mas

mor Cilebs~ (III, 10). `yovladbrZeni yovelives

mor Cilia. morCilia da gawinamZRvre bu lia~ (VII,

18). `umaRlesi saTnoeba _ morCilebas miel tvis~

(VIII, 20). `ixelmwife da uaryav xelmwifeba~ (X, 24).

`vinca SiSobs cisqveSeTis xelmwifebas: unda ga -

va xelmwifoT cisqveSeTSi~ (XIII, 30). `arasrulq m -

ni li _ gasrulqmnildeba... mrudi _ ganimar Te -

ba... vinca mcireds mieltvis; bevrs moixveWs...

yov ladbrZeni ar didkacobs: amitom adideben.

gandidebas ar mieltvis: amitom moZRvrobs kacTa

Soris. ar mZlavrobs da uZlevelia cisqveSeTSi~

(XXII, 51, 52). `kaci, vinca daeufla damTmenlobas:

xelmwifebs xalxs da msaxurebs cas. damTmenloba

Ziria morCilebisa, xolo morCileba _ des

srul qmnaa~ (IX, 139).

166

maTe: `xolo romelman aRimaRlos Tavi

Tvisi, damdabldes; da romelman daimdablos

Tavi Tvisi, igi amaRldes~ (23, 12).

lao-Zi: `kacni diadoben, odes mdabldebian.

da mdabldebian, odes diadoben~ (XLII, 100).

maTe: ̀ maSin hrqua mas ieso: miaqcie maxvili ege

adgilsave Tvissa, rameTu yovelTa rome lTa

aRiRon maxvili, maxviliTa warwymden~ (26, 52).

lao-Zi: `vinca mZlavrobiT eufleba sam-

yaros: aqedanve vWvret _ ver miaRwevs sawa -

dels~ (XXIX, 66). `vinca zeimobs kacTa kvlas: ver

eRirseba qveynad sikeTes~ (XXXI, 73). `Zlierni da

ulmobelni _ ar kvdebian TavianTi sikvdiliT~

(XLII, 101).

luka: `hrqua mas ieso: melTa xureli uCns da

mfrinvelTa cisaTa sayofeli, xolo Zesa

kacisasa ara aqus, sada Tavi miidrikos~ (9, 58).

lao-Zi: `yvela xarobs, sazeimod wveulan

TiT qo... me erTi var mSvidad da uCinrad... o,

damaS vralo ualagov! sad ars alagi gansas ve -

nebi!.. me vsrbi sofliur sivrceSi: usas Tum lo

da unavsayudlo~ (XX, 48).

aseTia zogadad lao-Zis moZRvrebisa da

qristianuli moZRvrebis msgavseba-naTe saoba.

leri alimonaki

167

sarCevi

leri alimonaki

sibrZne, romelic ar berdeba (winaTqma) 5

lao-Zi: dao de Zini 69

leri alimonaki

qristianoba da `dao de Zini” (boloTqma) 141

168