teqnologiebi

termini informacia Zalze xSirad gvesmis satele-

vizio gadacemebSi, vkiTxulobT Jurnal-gazeTebSi da vi-

yenebT sxva adamianebTan saubris dros. es termini imdenad

gavrcelebuli da nacnobia, rom arc ki vfiqrobT, Tu ram-

denad mniSvnelovania movlenebi, romlebsac igi aRwers.

informacia cocxal bunebaSi - memkvidreobiTi informacia

Cemi samyaro da informaciaTeimuraz yanCeli

Cemi samyaro da informacia

Cveni saubari daviwyoT imiT, rom dedamiwaze sicocxlis gaCenisTanave

misi arseboba da ganviTareba SesaZlebeli iyo mxolod erTi organizmis-

gan mis STamomavalze informaciis gadacemis principis amoqmedebiT. es

informacia moicavda organizmebis saukeTeso Tvisebebis aRweras, rome-

lic memkvidre organizmebs sxva organizmebTan konkurenciisa da brZolis

pirobebSi garemoSi gadarCenisTvis aniWebda upiratesobas. britanelma

mecnierma Carlz darvinma me-19 saukuneSi aRmoaCina es principi da evolu-

ciis procesi uwoda. praqtikulad yvela cocxal organizmSi (cxoveleb-

Si, mcenareebSi, baqteriebsa da virusebSi) informaciis gadacema xdeba

erTnairi meqanizmis gamoyenebiT – dezoqsiribonukleinis mJavisa (dnm)

da ribonukleinis mJavis (rnm) gadatanis gziT. gasaocaria is faqti, rom

informaciis Cawera, Senaxva, gadacema da gamoyeneba xdeba mxolod da mx-

olod biologiuri warmoSobis masalebis gamoyenebiT. ramdenad efeqtiani

da saimedo unda iyos aseTi meqanizmi, rom man uzrunvelyo aseulobiT

mili oni wlis ganmavlobaSi dedamiwaze cvalebad geologiur-klimatur

pirobebSi cocxali organizmebis uamravi formis gamravleba da ganvi-

Tareba! rTuli biologiuri Sedgenilobis mqone informaciis matarebeli

obieqti me-20 saukunis 50-ian wlebSi aRmoaCines da pirvelebma Seiswavles

nobelis premiis laureatma mecnierebma: britanelebma – frensis krikma,

moris uilkinsma da amerikelma jeims uotsonma da mas geni uwodes. infor-

macia am SemTxvevaSi arsebobs da daSifruli formiT gadaicema cilebis

(organuli nivTierebis) meSveobiT. sul axlaxan uamravi samecniero dawe-

sebulebisa da aTasobiT mkvlevris erToblivi ZalisxmeviT moxda genomis

teqnologiebi

(genis) gaSifvra, anu genis aTiaTasobiT nawilis ganlagebisa da Sedgeni-

lobis dadgena (es informacia inaxeba kompiuteruli failebis formiT).

magram jerjerobiT ar aris dadgenili, Tu ra rols asruleben genis

calkeuli nawilebi adamianis sxeulis funqciebis uzrunvelyofaSi da ra

gavlenas axdenen mis Tvisebebze.

informacia cocxal bunebaSi - operatiuli informacia

sxeulis sxvadasxva organos SeTanxmebuli muSaobis uzrun-

velyofas sWirdeba operatiuli marTva, rac informaciis meore umniSv-

nelovanesi funqciaa sulier organizmebSi. am fenomenis ganxilva ori

kuTxidan SeiZleba: adamianis tvini gadaamuSavebs grZnobis organoebidan

(mxedveloba, smena, Sexeba, ynosva da gemovneba) miRebul informacias,

iyenebs sakuTar mexsierebaSi dagrovil informacias, gamoimuSavebs qcevi-

sa da moqmedebis myisier strategias da gascems brZanebas mis Sesasruleb-

lad an analizis Sedegs inaxavs mexsierebaSi, rogorc samomavlo gegmas.

am procesis warmosadgenad Semdegi SemTxveva gamodgeba: erTi Zal-

ze frTxili da gamocdili teroristis dasaWerad mis binaSi Casafrdnen

policiis TanamSromlebi, romlebic sawolis qveS daimalnen. maT didi

xnis ganmavlobaSi mouwiaT aseT pirobebSi yofna da erT-erTma maTganma

sigareti moswia. dRis bolos dabrunda binis patroni da karis gaRebisTa-

nave amoiRo iaraRi, gaxsna cecxli sawolis mimarTulebiT da gaiqca. am

SemTxvevam imsxverpla erTi TanamSromeli da momxdaris

garCevisas gairkva CvenTvis saintereso Semdegi de-

talebi: teroristi da misi ojaxis wevrebi sigarets ar

eweodnen da mas kargi ynosva hqonda. Sesvlisas igi ynos-

viT mixvda, rom viRac iyo oTaxSi da ieWva, rom arsebul

situaciaSi es mxolod samarTaldamcavebi SeiZleboda

yofiliyvnen. misi mxedvelobis areSi moeqca sawoli, ro-

melic ise ar iyo gasworebuli, rogorc diasaxlisi ala-

gebda. mas sawolis qveSidan raRac faCuni moesma da am

mimarTulebiT brmad gaisrola (specialuri momzadebis

mqone mebrZols srul sibneleSic SeuZlia zustad gais-

rolos xmis wyaros mimarTulebiT). am SemTxvevaSi navar-

jiSebi adamianis oTxi SegrZneba Zalze didi siCqariT

amoqmedda – ynosva (sigaretis boli), smena (xma sawolis

qveS), mxedveloba (sawoli gaxda samizne), Sexeba (iaraRis

SegrZneba). adamianis tvinma gadaamuSva es informacia da

am konkretuli adamianis ganwyobis mixedviT miiRo cecx-

lis gaxsnis gadawyvetileba. tvinma sasurveli qmedebis

Sesaxeb informacia gaugzavna uamrav kunTs (tanis, fex-

is, mxris, mtevnis, TiTebis), romelTa SeTanxmebul moq-

medebas mohyva gasrola. srolis procesSi monawileoba

Cemi samyaro da informacia

miiRo organizmis aTeulobiT kunTma. nebismier rTul sistemaSi misi qmedebis

srulyofisTvis unda arsebobdes ukukavSiri, anu kunTebi amoqmedebisas agzav-

nian informacias tvinSi, romelic mas amuSavebs da koreqtirebis saWiroebisas

SeimuSavebs informaciis axal nakads da gadascems. es aris Zalze gamartivebuli

sqema imisa, Tu rogor cirkulirebs informacia adamianis sxeulSi.

gaazrebuli qmedebebis garda, adamianis sxeulSi mudmivad mimdinareobs in-

formaciis generireba da miwodeba, romelic aregulirebs sxeulis temperaturas,

sisxlis wnevas da marTavs sakvebis gadamuSavebas, dazianebuli qsovilebis aRdge-

nas, mavne nivTierebebis gamoyofas, garedan SemoWril mavne obiqtebTan (baqteri-

ebsa da virusebTan) brZolas da uamrav sxva sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis processa

da parametrs. am procesebs da maT informaciul uzrunvelyofas adamiani verc

aRiqvams da SesaZloa amas misi tvini arc gankargavdes – maTi marTva xdeba adgilze

da amiT izrdeba adamianis sxeulis arsebobis saimedooba. amgvaradve funqcioni-

rebs cxovelTa organizmebi.

zemoT aRwerili informaciuli procesebi universaluria yvela cocxali or-

ganizmisTvis, oRond rTuli formebis azrovnebis unari da misi Taobidan Taoba-

Si gadacema xdeba mxolod adamianebSi. cxadia, cocxal bunebaSi informaciis Se-

naxvisa da gadacemis fenomens dedamiwaze sicocxlis arsebobisTvis gadamwyveti

mniSvneloba aqvs.

genebisgan gansxvavebiT, adamianis sxeulSi operatiuli informacia vrceldeba

nervul sistemaSi (neironebis saSualebiT, romelTa raodenoba adamianis or-

ganizmSi 100 miliards aRwevs) eleqtruli impulsebis gadacemiT. am impulsebis

gadacemis siCqare gasaocrad dabalia – 3-120 m/wm. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, absolu-

teqnologiebi

turad gaugebaria, rogor funqcionirebs adamianis tvini, romlis gamoTvliTi sa-

Sualebebi fantastikurad maRalia. IBM-is firmis Deep Blue superkompiuterma 1996 wels mougo WadrakSi maSindel msoflio Cempion gari kasparovs angariSiT 3,5:2,5.

Semdegi Taobebis gacilebiT ufro Zlieri superkompiuterebi calsaxad mainc ver

ugeben adamians. magram Tqvens yuradRebas SevaCerebT im faqtze, rom kompiute-

rebSi informaciis gadacemis eleqtruli signalebis siCqare aris 300.000 km/wm da

ara 100 m/wm (anu 3 mln-jer meti) – rogorc adamianis tvinSi. Tanamedrove mecniere-

bam jer ver amoxsna adamianis tvinis funqcionirebis efeqtianobis saidumlo da am

amocanaze msoflios wamyvan universitetebSi uamravi umaRlesi rangis specialis-

ti muSaobs. es amocana Tavisi sirTuliTa da perspeqtivebiT imdenad momxiblavi

da mniSvnelovania, rom aTasobiT axalgazrda mkvlevars izidavs, romlebic stu-

dentobidan cdiloben gverdSi amoudgnen Rvawlmosil mecnierebs bunebis saidum-

loebebTan maT dauRalav da uaRresad saintereso brZolaSi.

informacia da adamiani

ram ganacalkeva adamiani sxva cxovelebisgan da rogor gaxda igi

gonieri adamiani (laT. Homo sapiens)? amis Sesaxeb mravali erTmaneTis gamomricxavi Teoria arsebobs, magram udavoa erTaderTi debuleba

– gonieri adamianis tvini odesRac (mecnierebis azriT, es daaxloebiT 200 aTasi

wlis win moxda afrikaSi) ise Seicvala, rom mas informaciis gadamuSavebis gansx-

vavebuli, sxva cocxal arsebebTan SedarebiT ufro srulyofili saSualebebi

gauCnda. aseTma cvlilebam mogvaniWa Semdgomi ganviTarebisTvis aucilebeli

logikuri azrovnebis Zalze Zlieri unari, romlis gamoyenebiT adamiani daeuf-

la Sromis iaraRebis damzadebasa da gamoyenebas, cecxlis moxmarebas. adamians

gauCnda metyvelebis unari, rac radikalurad gansxvav-

deba cxovelebSi arsebuli sasignalo bgerebis ga-

moyenebisgan (romelsac, cxadia, Zalze didi

mniSvneloba aqvs cxovelebisTvis). adamia-

nis metyveleba, sxva funqciebTan erTad,

asrulebs informaciuli arxis albaT

umTavres rols – dagrovili codnis

gadacemas, romlis gareSe adamiani,

rogorc modgma, ver ganviTardebo-

da (ufrosklaselTaTvis vityodi,

rom ara mxolod fizikurma Sromam

Seqmna adamiani, aramed codnis SeZe-

nam, Senaxvam, gadacemam da am codnis

Cemi samyaro da informacia

festos disko _ saberZneTSi, kunZul kretaze napovni gamomwvari Tixis disko, Zv. w. II aTaswleulis, romelzec gvxvdeba ucnauri, dRemde gauSifravi damwerlobis nimuSi. am sim-boloebis wakiTxvis uamravi mcdelobis miuxdavad, dRemde daudgenelia ra warmoSobisaa igi an ra weria.

aTvisebam, anu swavlam).

gasagebia, rom metyveleba teqnikurad wminda infor-

maciuli procesia, romelSic adamianis uamravi siste-

ma iRebs monawileobas: tvinis ujredebi, romlebic

imaxsovreben informacias, gadaamuSaveben mas, axdenen

kodirebas da dekodirebas, yelis, enis da filtvebis kun-

Tebi, smenis aparati.

gacilebiT gvian Seiqmna sistema, romelmac Cvens winap-

rebs gauadvila codnis (anu informaciis) Taobidan Tao-

baSi gadacema da am gamogonebas damwerloba ewodeba. damwerlobis gamogonebamde

informaciis gadacema Zalze rTuli iyo da amaze miuTiTebs erTi legenda, romlis

Tanaxmad, sparseTis mefe dariosma damwerlobis armqone momTabare tomebisgan

miiRo Setyobineba – mas gamougzavnes frinveli, Tagvi, bayayi da xuTi isari. mefem

gadawyvita, rom morCilebis niSnad mas momTabareebi gadascemen miwas (Tagvi), cas

(frinveli), wyals (bayayi) da uars amboben winaaRmdegobis gawevaze (isrebi). mefis

erTgulma brZenma gamoTqva sawinaaRmdego azri: Tu Tqven frinveliviT caSi ar

gaqrebiT, TagviviT miwaSi ar CaZvrebiT, bayayiviT WaobSi ar CaxtebiT, am isrebiT

gaganadgurebTo. es bolo versia swori aRmoCnda, magram CvenTvis axla ufro ar-

sebiTia is, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovani iyo damwerlobis gamogoneba informaciis

zusti gadacemisTvis.

damwerlobis erT-erT yvelaze gavrcelebul, advilad asaTvisebel da saxmarad

iol formas warmoadgens anbani. pirveli anbani daaxloebiT 3500 wlis win Seqmna im

xalxma, romelic xmelTaSua zRvis sanapiroze saxlobdnen. Cven unda gvesmodes,

rom salaparako ena da anbani erTsa da imaves ar gulisxmobs. msoflioSi 10.000-ze

meti salaparako enaa, magram anbanTa raodenoba Semoifargleba ori aTeuliT da

maT Soris aris qarTuli anbanic.

mas Semdeg, rac adamianma iswavla laparaki, gamoigona anbani, dadga informaciis

matareblis sakiTxi. martivad rom vTqvaT, adamianma mosinja mravali masala, ro-

melTa saSualebiTac SesaZlebeli iqneboda informaciis Senaxva, kopireba, trans-

portireba da martivad gamoyeneba. dedamiwis sxvadasxva regionSi sxvadasxva dros

iyenebdnen Tixis (Sumerebis `Tixis wignebi~), qvis, Zvlis, xis, xis qerqis, Wilis (papi-

rusi, Zv.w. me-3 aTaswleulidan ax.w. me-9 saukunemde), tyavis (pergamenti), qaRaldis

(pirvelad CineTSi, Zv.w. 105 wels gaCnda) informaciis matareblebs. qaRaldi ukve

mravali saukunis ganmavlobaSi yvelaze gavrcelebuli informaciis matarebelia.

xelnaweri wignebi cnobilia uZvelesi droidan. am dargSi revoluciuri gar-

daqmna ekuTvnis iohan gutenbergs, romelmac me-15 saukuneSi gamoigona Sriftis Ca-

mosasxmeli da sabeWdi dazgebi, SeimuSava SriftisaTvis liTonis Sedgenilobisa da

sabeWdi saRebavis receptura.

teqnologiebi

teqnikur saSualebTa ganviTareba

teqnikisa da teqnologiebis progresma moitana infor-

maciis dacvis axali saSualebebi. mokled SevexoT zogi-

erTs:

fotografiis gamogonebis TariRad miCneulia 1839

wlis 19 agvisto, roca parizis mecnierebaTa akademiaSi

fizikosma d. aragom ganacxada, rom l. dagerma da J. niepsma

erToblivad SeimuSaves gamosaxulebaTa miRebis xerxi, ro-

melsac mogvianebiT dagerotipia uwodes.

1860 w. martenvilma gamoigona „fonoavtografi“, rome-

lic bgeras iwerda cilindrze daxveul muriT dafarul

qaRaldze. amis Semdeg bgeris Caweris teqnologiis Seswav-

la edisonma daiwyo 1857 wels da 1878 wels miiRo patenti

„fonografze“. Semdeg gamoigones gramafoni (1887), pate-

foni (1907), eleqtrofoni (1925).

eleqtronuli movlenebis dargSi fizikosTa gamokv-

levebma me-19 saukuneSi teqnikis yvela dargSi axali hor-

izontebi gaxsna, maT Soris – informaciis Senaxvis, gada-

muSavebisa da gadacemis sferoSi.

arsebobs informaciis ramdenime tipis Tanamedrove

matarebeli, romlebsac kompiuterul teqnologiebSi

iyeneben, esenia:

1. Sida da gare xisti diskebi – mexsierebis moculoba

terabaitebs aRwevs.

2. fleS (xandaxan amboben USB) draivi – mexsierebis moculoba terabaitebs aRwevs.

3. lazeruli diskebi: 1) СD – moculoba 700 Mb, moZ-velebuli teqnologiaa. 2) DVD – moculoba 4,7 Gb; 8,5 Gb; 17 Gb. 3) Blue-ray - moculoba 25 Gb.

biti da baiti informaciis sazomi erTeulebia (1 baiti = 8 bits), iseve, rogorc

temperaturisa – gradusi da sigrZisa – metri. prefiqsi kilo (K) niSnavs 1000-s, mega (M) – 1 milions, giga (G) - 1 miliards, tera (T) - 1000 miliards da berZnul-laTinuri warmoSobisaa.

Cemi samyaro da informacia

garda informaciis Senaxvisa, aranakleb mniSvnelovania informaciis

efeqtiani gadacema – swrafad, uSecdomod, saimedod, farulad, did man-

Zilze.

amisaTvis 1844 wlidan me-19 saukunis bolomde gamoiyeneboda

telegrafi (gamoigona semuel morzem) – eleqtroxelsawyo,

romelic teqsts morzes kodiT (wertilebisa da tireebis

erToblioba) gadascemda.

pirveli radiogadacema Caatara markonim 1895

wels. pirveli satelevizio gadacema moxda Cika-

goSi 1928 wels. am aparaturaSi gamoyenebuli

iyo signalis generirebis (gaSlis) meqanikuri

principi, xolo gadacemebi eleqtronuli

gaSliT ganxorcielda 1932 wels niu-iork-

Si.

sityva `kompiuteri~ pirvelad ga-

moiyenes 1613 wels. is gulisxmobda

pirs, romelic axdenda gaTvlebs, anu

ingl. computations. 1837 wels britane-li maTematikosi Carlz babiji iyo

pirveli, vinc moamzada srulad prog-

ramirebadi meqanikuri kompiuteris

koncefcia da dizaini. gagikvirdebaT,

magram misi proeqtiT am gamomTvleli

manqanis amoqmedeba xdeboda orTqlis

Zravis gamoyenebiT.

komputeris Seqmnis istoria ukav-

Sirde ba germanel emigrants – herman

hole rits, romelmac 1888 wels Seqmna

pirveli eleqtromeqanikuri gamomTv-

leli manqana – tabulatori. XX saukunis

40-ian wlebSi eleqt ronuli milakebi (Cveu-

lebrivi sayofacxovrebo eleqtronaTuris

msgav si moZvelebuli xelsawyo) gamoiyenes pir-

veli kompiuteris asagebad. pirveli tranzistire-

buli kompiuteri (1956 wels gamogonil ufro Tana-

medrove eleqtronul xelsawyos – tranzistors akisria

eleqtronuli signalebis gaZlierebis funqcia da zomiT

daaxloebiT 1 sm-ia) Seiqmna 1956 wels masaCusetsis teqnologiis

institutSi (aSS). 1960 wels kompania Digital Equipment-i uSvebs pirvel minikompiuters PDP-1, romlis fasi iyo 120 000 aSS dolari (dRevandel fasebSi daaxloebiT 5 mln. aSS dolari). es iyo pirveli komerciuli

kompiuteri, romelic aRWurvili iyo klaviaturiTa da monitoriT.

teqnologiebi

1958 wels gamoigones integraluri mikrosqema – Cipi. es ramdenime milimetris

sisqis siliciumis (kaJis) Txeli firfitaa. dResdReobiT mikrointegraluri sqeme-

bi erT kvadratul santimetrze Seicaven milionobiT tranzistors da maT iyeneben

nebismier kompiuterSi procesoris da sxva elementebis asagebad. mikroCips, Tuki

saTanadod iqneba daprogramebuli, SeuZlia TiTqmis yvela manqanis marTva.

dReisaTvis uSveben uamravi saxeobis kompiuters da maT samomxmareblo Tvise-

bebSi garkveva advili ar aris. qvemoT moyvanilia kompiuteruli teqnikis kla-

sifikacia, Tumca, samwuxarod, maTi samomxmareblo Tvisebebis aRwera aq Zalian

Sors wagviyvanda:

Cemi samyaro da informacia

superkompiuteri

serveri

muSa sadguri an kompiuteri-klienti

mainframi

konsoluri kompiuteri

personaluri kompiuteri:

• samagido kompiuteri

• nouTbuki (leptopi)

– subnouTbuki an ultraportatiuli nouTbuki (ekranis zoma:

7-13,3 diumi (1 diumi aris 2,54 sm), wona: 1-2 kg-mde).

– netbuki

– ultrabuki (sisqe: 20 mm -mde, wona: 1.4 kg -mde)

– smartbuki (didi zomis smartfoni)

• planSeturi kompiuteri, e.w. tableti (sensoruli ekraniT):

– planSeturi personaluri kompiuteri

– Txeli personaluri kompiuteri

– ultramobiluri personaluri kompiuteri

– internetplanSeti (nouTbukisa da smartfonis TvisebebiT)

– eleqtronuli wigni

• saTamaSo konsoli

• komunikatori an smartfoni

satarebeli kompiuteri

kalkulatori

interneti

1969 wlis ianvarSi aSS-is samecniero-kvleviT institutebSi samxedro prog-

ramebis daCqarebisa da koordinaciis gaumjobesebis mizniT Seiqmna pirveli

kompiuteruli qseli ARPA Net. 1983 wels SemuSavda normatiuli dokumenti (` TCP/IP protokoli~ Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), xolo mis bazaze 1988 wels – World Wide Web (WWW) – erTiani sainformacio qselis teqnologia. qsel-ma yvela arsebuli resursi erTian hiperteqstur sivrceSi gaaerTiana, romelsac

1990 wels daemata internetgverdebis Seqmnis, ganTavsebisa da daTvalierebis teq-

nologia.

internetSi SeRweva SesaZlebelia mxolod specializebuli internet-

provaiderebis kompaniebis saSualebiT, romlebic momxmareblebs Ziri-

Tad ad sTavazoben umavTulo, satelefono an optikur-boWkovani kabe-

liT dakavSirebas.

msoflio masStabiT internetis momxmarebelTa ricxvi mudmivad da

Zalze swrafad izrdeba da miliardebs aRwevs. internetis resurse-

bi, romlebsac Cven viyenebT, SeiZleba daiyos Semdeg kategoriebad:

socialuri qselebi (mag., sayovelTaod cnobili Facebook), saZiebo sistemebi (mag., Google an Yahoo), eleqtronuli komerciis (mag., Ama-zon), saganmanaTleblo (mag., ka.wikipedia.org) da sainformacio (mag., Par-liament.ge). rigiTi adamianebis mier informaciis ganTavseba internetSi (komentarebis, blogebis; vikipedia xom mTlianad am teqnologiazea da-

fuZnebuli) internetis ganviTarebis yvelaze mTavari etapi gaxda.

informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyeneba adamianebis profesiul saqmiano-

basa da yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi imdenad intensiuria, erTi wuTiT rom warmovid-

ginoT raime mizeziT yvela kompiuteris erTdroulad gaCereba, es globaluri

katastrofis tolfasi iqneba. am viTarebam gaaCina axali tipis teroristuli sa-

frTxe – kiberterorizmi (anu teroristuli qmedeba informaciuli teqnologiebis

gamoyenebiT da sainformacio obieqtebis winaaRmdeg), samxedroebis leqsikonSi ki

gaCnda informaciuli omis cneba. rigiTma adamianebma Seityves hakerebis arsebo-

bis Sesaxeb. dRes Cvens sazogadoebas ewodeba informaciuli sazogadoeba.

informacia da samyaro

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom informacia kacobriobis arsebobis garemoa (iseve, ro-

goric TevzebisTvis – wyali). amaze uamravi faqti metyvelebs. realur cxovrebaSi

yofila mauglis istoriis msgavsi faqtebi da roca adrindel etapze aRzrdas mok-

lebuli bavSvebi isev dabrunebian adamianTa sazogadoebas, maTi gonebrivi ganvi-

Tareba mkveTrad CamorCenili aRmoCenila; sazogadoebaSi dabruneba Zalze rTuli

yofila meore msoflio omis dros tyeSi dakarguli da iq aTwleulebi mcxovrebi

jariskacebisTvisac – maTi fsiqikisa da azrovnebisTvis.

samecniero kvlevebis obieqti ZiriTadad realuri samyaros agebuleba da Tvise-

bebia. kosmosidan dedamiwaze SeRweul gamosxivebasa da nawilakebs moaqvT infor-

teqnologiebi

Cemi samyaro da informacia

macia samyaros (makrosamyaros) warmoqmnisa da ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. mecnierebma

evropaSi grandiozuli da yvelaze Zvirad Rirebuli (6 mlrd. aSS dolari) xel-

sawyo – didi adronuli kolaideri mxolod imisTvis aages, rom miiRon informacia

mikrosamyaros Tvisebebis Sesaxeb. ganviTarebuli qveynebi xarjaven asobiT mlrd

aSS dolars kosmosis aTvisebis mizniT sxvadasxva eqsperimentebis Casatareblad

(informaciis misaRebad) da teqnikisa da teqnologiebis ganviTarebisTvis.

ra saWiroa aseTi kolosaluri danaxarjebis gaweva, roca kacobriobas uamra-

vi sxva problema awuxebs? saqmianobis yvela ZiriTadi sfero, romlebic

uzrunvelyofs adamianis arsebobas – medicina, sakvebiTa da energiiT

momarageba, informaciuli teqnologiebi, samxedro saqme – efuZne-

ba fundamentur mecnierebaTa miRwevebs. adamianTa nebismieri

samecniero-kvleviTi samuSao axali informaciis moZiebas, mis

gaazrebasa da amis safuZvelze axali codnis generirebasTa-

naa dakavSirebuli; axali codna ki kacobriobas uxsnis axal

hori zontebs, perspeqtivebs, romlebic mogvcems amouwura-

vi energiis axal wyaroebs, gadaarCens kacobriobas SimSilis-

gan, Soreul momavalSi miscems saSualebas aiTvisos sxva

planetebi, Seqmnas axali, saswaulebrivi Tvisebebis mqone

masalebi, romlebic gardaqmnian teqnikur procesebsa da da-

nadgarebs, mkurnalobis axal meTodebs, rac adamians sicocx-

les gauxangrZlivebs.

dabolos, samecniero-popularuli statiis avtoris um-

Tavresi valia ganmartos gamoyenebuli terminebi an imgvarad ga-

moiyenos, rom yvelasaTvis gasagebi iyos

da mkiTxvelma Sinaarsi damaxinjebulad an

arasworad ar aRiqvas. gagikvirdebaT, mag-

ram termin „informaciis“ universaluri

ganmarteba ar arsebobs. mecnierebisa da teq-

nikis yvela dargs, sakuTari sameciero da teq-

nikuri amocanebidan gamomdinare, aqvs infor-

maciis sakuTari ganmarteba, romelic am dargis

saWiroebebzea morgebuli. informaciis Tvisebebi

Zalze saintersoa imiT, rom radikalurad gansx-

vadeba sxva fizikuri obieqtebisa da sidideebisgan,

rac Cven yvelam viswavleT skolaSi.

informacias, rogorc produqts, Zalze saintere-

so Tviseba axasiaTebs – materialuri faseulobebisgan

gansxvavebiT, erTxel Seqmnili informacia SeiZleba

SeuzRudavad, mravaljer gaiyidos da amiT darCenili in-

formaciis raodenoba ar mcirdeba.

informacia ganuwyvetlivaa dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva ma-

terialur obieqtTan – genTan, tvinTan, lazerul diskTan,

Tundac am JurnalTan. genebis an Jurnalis ganadgurebiT in-

formacia ganadgurdeba, gaqreba, Tu am genis an Jurnalis zusti

asli ar arsebobs. informaciis generirebas sWirdeba garkveuli

energia, magram sxva dovlaTisgan gansxvavebiT, informaciis fas-

warmoqmna efuZneba sxva principebs, vidre es xdeba mrewvelobaSi.

informaciis, rogorc saqonlis Rirebuleba Zalze pirobiTicaa da

ufro metic – Zalze subieqturic.

magaliTad, saidumlo informacia, romelic meore msoflio omis

dros faSisturi germaniis samxedro ZalebSi daSifruli formiT

cirkulirebda, germaniisaTvis uaRresad mniSvnelovani iyo, vinaidan

masze damokidebuli iyo aTiaTasobiT jariskacis sicocxle da samxedro

operaciebis bedi. didi britaneTisTvis ki, romelic flobda xsenebul

informacias, magram ver axerxebda mis gaSifvras, am informacias aranairi

teqnologiebi

Cemi samyaro da informacia

Rirebuleba ar hqonda. yvelaferi Seicvala, roca didi britaneTis mezRvaureb-

ma tyved Caigdes faSistebis wyalqveSa navebi (1940 w. da 1942 w.), sadac aRmoaCines

saidumlo kodis gamSifravi mowyobiloba `enigmas~ axali modelebi. germanelebis

gasaidumloebuli informaciis gaSifvram es informacia didi britaneTisTvis

Zalze Rirebuli gaxada, xolo germaneli samxedroebisTvis – uaRresad negatiuri

Rirebulebis mqone, vinaidan maT mier dagegmili samxedro operaciebis detale-

bi mokavSire ZalebisTvis gaxda cnobili (aSS, didi britaneTi, sabWoTa kavSiri da

sxv.).

am statiaSi mindoda meCvenebina, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania axalgazrda Tao-

bisTvis codnis SeZenis procesi – swavla, romelic gzas xsnis informaciis dauf-

lebisken. `vinc flobs informacias, is flobs samyaros~ – es iyo XVIII saukunis

Zalze warmatebul biznesmenTa saerTaSoriso dinastiis – rotSildebis devizi.

am dinastiis warmomadgenlebma, xuTma Zmam, evropaSi Seqmnes bankebis qseli, rom-

lebic erTmaneTTan daakavSires kurierebis sakuTari samsaxuriT. maT iyenebdnen

evropis sxvadasxva kuTxidan yvelaze adre miRebuli politikuri da samxedro

informaciis, fasiani qaRaldebiT birJaze vaWrobisa da sxva komerciuli ope-

raciebis CatarebisTvis. magaliTad, erT-erTma rotSildma, romelmac pir-

velma miiRo informacia napoleonis vaterloosTan damarcxebis Sesaxeb,

londonis birJaze warmatebiT Catarebuli operaciis Sedegad, sanam sxva

biznesmenebi Seityobdnen axal strategiul informacias, ramdenime

milioni funti sterlingis sufTa mogeba miiRo. dRes rotSil-

debis devizs kidev ufro didi mniSvneloba mieca.