The urban traffic environment and the risk of child pedestrian

injury: a case-crossover approach

Epidemiology March 1995, volume 6 number 2

學生：董瑩蟬

Purpose

• This paper investigated child pedestrian’s accident at crossover approach. And quantify the effect of traffic volume and speed for the child pedestrian injury.

Reference

• The child pedestrian has high injury rate for all accidents. (Rivara, 1990)

• There were many injury occurred on the school-home for children. (Joly et a., 1991)

• The previously study used the traffic volume and speed to investigate child injury on the weekday. (Roberts et al.,1994)

Method

• Subjects– Age from 5 to 15 years– 151 injured and 148 agreed participated this

study.

• Data collect between January 1, 1992 and January 1, 1994

• They used interview collect children data with the parents.

Method

• Measure bi-directional traffic volume and mean vehicle speed for all roads using vehicle.

• Data collect over 3-hour on the school day starts.

• They using the Mantel-Haenszel method.• Data compared the volume different and s

peed different that effect pedestrian and motor vehicle collision.

Result

• The 148 agreed to participate in this study.

• 46 cases were occurred on the school-home journey.– 31 boys and 15 girls– 33 children age less than 9 years, and 13

children age more than 9 years.– 16 were occurred on the way to school, and

30 to home.

Result

• The high-volume streets crossed were mean more than 1000 vehicles per hour.

Result

Result

• Between pedestrian injury risk and high traffic volume has strong associations, and the same result at high speed.

• There were strong associations between pedestrian injury and both boy and girl. And the same result for older and younger.

Result

• At high speed situation, there was 10.59 associated between the relative risk and high traffic volume.

• At low speed situation, there was 3.55 associated between the relative risk and high traffic volume.

• At high traffic volume situation, there was 4.19 associated between the relative risk and high vehicle speed.

• At low traffic volume situation, there was 3.21 associated between the relative risk and high vehicle speed.

Discussion

• This identification of environmental risk factors for child pedestrian injury. (Maclure, 1991)

• Another study found that the strong risks for high traffic volume remained after stratification by vehicle speed. (Murtay et al.,1993)

Conclusion

• The traffic volume and the vehicle may effect the children pedestrian injury risk. And the high vehicle speed and high traffic volume the associated with injury risk.