LI M U

n tt nghip Thit k nh my bia nng sut 30 triu lt/nm

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MC LC

1LI M U

CHNG 1: LP LUN KINH T, K THUT.2I. Tnh hnh sn xut, tiu th bia trn th gii.2II. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th bia Vit Nam.2III. Cc iu kin xy dng nh my bia.41.a im xy dng42. Ngun nguyn liu43. Nm men44. Ngun nc45. Ngun nng lng46. Thit b5CHNG 2 : CHN V THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH6Phn th nht : Chn quy trnh cng ngh6A. Chn nguyn liu6I . Malt i mch6II. Hoa Houblon.6III. Nc.7IV. Nguyn liu thay th (Go).8V. Nm men.8VI. Cc ch phm enzim91. Ch phm enzim SC.92. Ch phm enzim Cereflo10VII. Cc cht ph gia10B. Chn quy trnh cng ngh.10I. Phn xng nu.101. Nghin nguyn liu.102. Nu nguyn liu.113.Lc dch ng124. Houblon ha135. Lng trong v lm lnh nhanh13II. Phn xng ln men.141. Chn phng php ln men141.1. Ln men c in142. Chn quy trnh lc bia142.1. Lc bng my lc khung bn143. Quy trnh tang tr bia v bo ha CO216III. Phn xng hon thin.161. Hon thin sn phm bia hi.162. Hon thin sn phm bia chai.17Phn th hai : M T QUY TRNH CNG NGH TRONG 1 M SN XUT BIA.21I. Phn xng nu.211. Nghin nguyn liu.212. Chun b dch ng ln men.22II. Phn xng ln men.271. Chun b ging men271.2 Ra sa men.282. Tin hnh ln men293. Lc trong bia.304. Bo ha CO231III. PHN XNG HON THIN.321. Chit bock322. Chit chai.323. Thanh trng bia.334. Kim tra chai , dn nhn v hon tt sn phm.34CHNG 3 : TNH TON CN BNG SN PHM.35A. TNH CN BNG SN PHM CHO BIA HI 10Bx.35I. Tnh lng nguyn liu nu cho 1000 lt bia hi 10Bx.35II. Tnh lng sn phm trung gian v cc nguyn liu khc (nc, nm men, hoa houblon, ) cho bia hi 10Bx.371. Tnh lng dch cho ni h ha.372. Tnh lng dch malt ni ng ha .373. Tnh lng b hm.384. Khi lng dch lc u v nng dch ng khi cha ra b l.395. Tnh lng nc ra b v khi lng dch trc khi nu hoa.406. Tnh lng hoa houblon.407. Tnh lng men ging418. Tnh lng sa men419. Tnh lng bt tr lc Diatomit.4110. Lng ch phm enzym SC4111. Tnh CO241B. TNH CN BNG SN PHM CHO BIA CHAI 12Bx.42I. Tnh lng nguyn liu nu cho 1000 lt bia chai 12Bx.42II. Tnh lng sn phm trung gian v cc nguyn liu khc (nc, nm men, hoa houblon, ) cho bia chai 12Bx.441. Tnh lng dch cho ni h ha.442. Tnh lng dch malt ni ng ha .453. Tnh lng b hm.454. Khi lng dch lc u v nng dch ng khi cha ra b.465. Tnh lng nc ra b v khi lng dch trc khi nu hoa.476. Tnh lng hoa houblon.487. Tnh lng men ging.488. Tnh lng sa men.489. Tnh lng bt tr lc Diatomit.4810. Lng ch phm enzym SC4811. Tnh CO249CHNG 4 : TNH TON THIT B, V SINH NH XNG V THIT B.53I. Phn xng nu531. nh lng nguyn liu nu v chn cn.532. Chn my nghin.533. H thng vn chuyn nguyn liu544. Thit b h ha, ng ha.555. Thit b lc dch ng.566. Ni nu hoa.577. Thng lng xoy588.Tnh v chn thit b un nc nng v lnh.599. Tnh v chn h thng CIP60II. PHN XNG LN MEN.611. Thit b ln men chnh v ln men ph612. Tnh thit b gy men ging633. Thit b ra men sa644. My lc bia655. Thit b cha bia v bo ha CO2656. Tnh , chn thit b cho h thng CIP66III. Phn xng hon thin.661. Bia hi.661.1 My ra bc.661.2 My chit bc.672. Bia chai.67IV. Tnh bm681. Bm lc.682. Bm bt tr lc693. Bm CIP cp v CIP hi69CHNG 5 : TNH TON IN HI NC .70I. Tnh in cho nh my.701. Tnh ph ti chiu sng.702.Tnh ph ti sn xut833. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton.844. Xc nh cng sut v dung lng b845. Chn my bin p866. Tnh in tiu th hng nm87II. TNH HI.881. Tnh nhit cho ni cho.882.Tnh nhit cho ni ng ha.903.Tnh nhit cho ni nu hoa914.Tnh nhit cho ni un nc nng915.Tnh lng nhit thanh trng bia chai.916. Tnh hi92III. TNH LNH941. Tnh lnh cho thit b lm lnh nhanh942. Tnh lnh cho qu trnh ln men chnh, ln men ph.943.Tnh lnh cho vic ra sa men.964.Tnh lnh h nhit bia t 70 ( 10C np CO2965.Tnh lnh cho thng nhn men ging96IV. Tnh nc.971. Nc dng cho phn xng nu.972. Nc dng trong phn xng ln men.983. Nc dng cho phn xng hon thin984. Lng nc dng cho ni hi995. Lng nc dng cho my lnh996. Lng nc dng cho cc vic khc.100CHNG 6 : TNH TON XY DNG101I. Chn a im xy dng nh my1011.Yu cu chung.1012. Cc yu cu v xy dng101II. B tr tng mt bng nh my1021. Nguyn tc b tr tng mt bng nh my1022. Tnh ton kch thc cc hng mc cng trnh1033. Tnh ch tiu kinh t, k thut1093.1. Tnh h s xy dng nh my : Kxd1093.2.Tnh h s s dng: Ksd110Chng 7 : TNH TON KINH T111PH LC 1 : X L NC THI118PH LC 2 : VN V SINH THIT B , NH XNG V122AN TON LAO NG122KT LUN124TI LIU THAM KHO125

LI M U Bia l mt loi nc gii kht c cn thp, c sn xut t cc nguyn liu chnh l : malt i mch, hoa houblon, nm men v nc. Hin nay, bia rt ph bin Vit Nam ni ring v th gii ni chung. Lng bia tiu th bnh qun Vit Nam l 15 lt/ngi/nm. Trong khi , con s ny Thi Lan l 60 lt/ngi/nm, chu u xp x 150 lt/ngi/nm. Nhn chung, sn lng bia Vit Nam vn mc thp so vi mt bng chung ca khu vc v th gii. Theo nhiu kt qu nghin cu cho thy nc ta l mt th trng bia y tim nng, y l mt c hi ln cho cc nh sn xut bia Vit Nam nm bt v khai thc c hiu qu. Vi nhim v thit k nh my bia vi nng sut 30 triu lt bia/nm, em s trnh by nhng hiu bit, tnh ton, thit k xy dng mt nh my bia ca mnh trong cun n ny. Rt mong nhn c s gp ca thy c, bn b kin thc ca em thm hon thin. Em xin chn thnh cm n.

CHNG 1 : LP LUN KINH T, K THUT.I. Tnh hnh sn xut, tiu th bia trn th gii.

i vi cc nc cng nghip pht trin, do i sng kinh t cao v do th hiu ca ngi tiu dng nn bia t lu c xem nh mt thc ung gii kht thng dng. Hin nay trn th gii c nhiu quc gia sn xut bia vi sn lng ln, ti hng t lt mi nm nh M, Trung Quc, c, Chu l mt khu vc c s dn ng nht th gii, do vy, y l mt khu vc y tim nng, mt th trng rng ln v bia. Theo s liu thng k, t nm 94-98, mc tng trng v sn lng bia Indonexia l 11,2% / nm, Thi Lan l 10,4%/ nm, Malaixia l 10,3%/nm,II. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th bia Vit Nam. Ngnh bia l mt ngnh cng nghip thc phm, sn xut ra loi ung c cht lng phc v nhu cu x hi. Trong vng 10 nm qua, ngnh bia c tc tng trng nhanh, p ng nhu cu trong nc, thay th phn nhp khu trc y.

Theo ti liu ca B Cng thng :Sn lng :

Nm 1987, sn lng bia c nc c 84,5 triu ltNm 1992, sn lng bia c nc ln 169 triu lt

Nm 1997, sn lng bia c nc ln 667 triu lt

Nm 1999-2000, sn lng bia c nc ln 1000 triu lt.

Mc tng trng hng nm:

Nm 1991-1992 tng bnh qun 26,62%

Nm 1993-1994 tng bnh qun 14,30%

Nm 1995-1996 tng bnh qun 17,0%

Nm 1997-1998 tng bnh qun 10,0%

Nm 1999-2000 tng bnh qun 10,0%

Ngnh bia trong 10 nm qua tp trung u t mnh nhm nng t cng sut, tng sn lng v cht lng sn phm. Ngnh ch trng u t cc dy chuyn, thit b hin i, tin tin, ng b v c cng ngh tin tin trn th gii. Tng vn u t vo ngnh bia l 5.499.287 triu ng vi nng lc sn xut ln hn 1000 triu lt. Ton quc c 469 n v, trong quc doanh trung ng 2 n v, lin doanh v 100% vn nc ngoi 6 n v, quc doanh a phng v t nhn c 461 n v. Cc nh my bia c phn b ti 49 tnh thnh trn 64 tnh thnh ca c nc, tp trung ch yu khu vc ng Nam B, ng bng Sng Hng, Trung B v Nam Trung B. Cc khu vc Ty Nguyn, ng bng Sng Cu Long, trung du min ni pha Bc nng lc sn xut bia mc thp. Nng lc sn xut bia tp trung ch yu ti nhng tnh thnh ph trc thuc trung ng nh: Thnh ph H Ch Minh chim 23,2% tng nng lc sn xut bia ton quc; H Ni: 13,44% ; Hi Phng: 7,47% ; H Ty: 6,1% ; Tin Giang: 3,79% ; Hu: 3,05% ; Nng: 2,83%. Trong s cc nh my bia hin ang hot ng c 19 nh my sn lng sn xut thc t trn 20 triu lt/nm, 15 nh my c cng sut ln hn 15 triu lt/nm, 268 c s c nng lc sn xut di 1 triu lt/nm. V trnh cng ngh, thit b, nhng nh my c nng sut trn 100 triu lt/nm ti Vit Nam u c thit b hin i, tin tin, c nhp khu t cc nc c nn cng nghip pht trin mnh nh: c, M, , Cc nh my c nng sut trn 20 triu lt/nm cho n nay cng c u t chiu su, i mi thit b, tip thu trnh cng ngh tin tin vo sn xut. Cc c s cn li vi cng sut thp vn ang trong tnh trng thit b, cng ngh lc hu, yu km, khng t yu cu v sinh an ton thc phm.

Trc tnh hnh sn xut, tiu th bia hin nay ca Vit Nam v trong thi k hi nhp ny th nh hng pht trin ca ngnh bia l:

Khng u t nh my bia c nng sut di 10 triu lt/nm.

Ngng u t nh my bia 100% vn nc ngoi cng nh lin doanh; tp trung huy ng cng sut hin c ca cc cng ty bia nc ngoi u t.

Tp trung m rng sn xut, nng cao cht lng bia trung ng (Bia H Ni, Si Gn) v c hiu qu cao, p ng c nhu cu trong nc v xut khu.

Tp trung u t chiu su nng cao cht lng cc doanh nghip bia quc doanh.III. Cc iu kin xy dng nh my bia.1. a im xy dng

Tt nht l xy dng ti khu cng nghip va ph hp vi chnh sch ca nh nc v vic xy mi v di chuyn cc nh my ra ngoi vi thnh ph, va l ni c rt nhiu thun li v giao thong, c s h tng, ngun nhn lc, nguyn liu, tiu th, 2. Ngun nguyn liu

2.1. Malt

Malt i mch c th mua ca nh my sn xut malt khu cng nghip Tin Sn-Bc Ninh.

2.2. Go

h gi thnh sn phm th mt trong nhng gii php quan trng l dng nguyn liu thay th l go, v go c cha nhiu tinh bt v nc ta li rt sn c. Go c th mua ti cc tnh ng bng Bc B, cc tnh ng bng Sng Cu Long.

3. Nm men

Men ging s dng l chng nm men Saccharomyces thuc nhm carlbergensis c kh nng ln men nhit cao v kt lng tt, c th nhp ngoi hoc mua ca Vin Cng nghip Thc phm, sau nui cy v nhn ging ti nh my. 4. Ngun nc

Nc trong sn xut bia l mt trong nhng thnh phn v cng quan trn, nh hng ln ti cht lng bia, v vy i hi phi c x l t yu cu k thut trc khi a vo s dng. Nc c th ly t ngun do nh my nc cung cp, ng thi trong nh my bia phi xy dng h thng x l nc t ngun nc ging khoan.

5. Ngun nng lng

5.1. Ngun in

Nh my s dng ngun in li quc gia. Trong nh my c t mt trm bin th, mt my pht in phng cc s c v in.

5.2. Ngun nhit

c cp t l hi t trong nh my. Than dng cho l hi mua ti cng ty than.

5.3. Ngun lnh

Nh my xy dng h thng lm lnh, cht trung gian ti lnh l glycol cung cp cho cc thit b cn lm lnh.

6. Thit b

Thit b ca nh my nn nhp ngoi h thng thit b chit rt, lc khung bn t ng,..v cc thit b khc mua trong nc (ca cng ty Polyco,) nh h thng ni nu, thng ln men,CHNG 2 : CHN V THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGHPhn th nht : Chn quy trnh cng nghA. Chn nguyn liu

I . Malt i mch

L nguyn liu chnh cung cp cc cht cn thit tin hnh ln men, ng thi gp phn to hng v, to bt cho bia thnh phm.

Tiu chun quan trng nht nh gi cht lng ca malt l hot ng ca enzym amylaza, th hin r nng lc ng ha. Ngoi ra cn c cc ch tiu v cm quan, m,

Cc yu cu v cht lng ca malt l

- V cm quan :

+ Mu sc : c mu vng ti, v bng, sch.

+ Kch thc ht : ng u.

+ Mi, v : c mi thm c trng, v ngt du, khng c mi v l.

+ sch : khng ln tp cht. T l ht gy, v ti a l 0,5%; ht khng

ny mm ti a l 5%.

- V ch s c hc :

+ Dung trng : 550-600g/l

+ Trng lng kh tuyt i : 30-32g/1000 ht.

- V thnh phn ha hc :

+ m : 7%

+ Hot lc diastaza : 250-300K

+ Thi gian ng ha : khong 15 pht ti to = 70oC.

+Cht ha tan: 70% cht kh.

II. Hoa Houblon.

L nguyn liu chnh th hai khng th thiu c trong cng ngh sn xut bia. Hoa Houblon to cho bia c v ng d chu, hng thm c trng, lm cho bia n nh, to v gi bt cho bia, ng thi trong thnh phn ca hoa c cht st khun nn gip lm tng bn ca bia.

Trong sn xut bia c th dng hoa Houblon di dng : hoa vin v cao hoa.

Hoa houblon cn bo qun ni kh ro, nhit thp v khng c nh sng mt tri. Khi bo qun hm m ti a l 10%, nhit nh hn 5oC.

* Yu cu ca hoa houblon:

- Mi thm c trng, khng c mi hc.

- Khng ln tp cht, khng ln nhiu cung hoa.

- Dng tay nghin, hoa hi dnh tay.

- Ch s dng loi hoa ci cha th phn.

* Thnh phn ha hc ca hoa houblon:

- Nc: 10 11%

- Cc cht ng: 12 21%

- Xenluloza: 40 50%

- Cc cht cha nit: 15 17%

- Tinh du: 0,5 5%

- Cc cht tro: 5 8%

- Polyphenol: 2 5%

- Cc cht chit khng cha nit: 27%

Hoa vin: hoa cnh c nghin thnh bt, p thnh vin ri em sy kh. C 3 loi hoa vin:

- Hoa vin 90.

- Hoa vin 45.

- Hoa vin c ng phn ha.

Cao hoa: hoa c trch ly bng cn hoc CO2 thu nha ng v tinh du thm, sau lm bay hi dung mi. Trong qu trnh tch dung mi ny, phn ln cc tinh du thm cng b mt theo. Cao hoa thu c nht v c mu xanh m, c bo qun trong cc hp hoc chai v rt bn trong qu trnh bo qun.

III. Nc.

Nc l mt trong nhng nguyn liu chnh trong sn xut bia, chim 87-90%. Thnh phn v tnh cht ca nc nh hng trc tip n ton b qu trnh cng ngh v cht lng thnh phm sau ny. C th nh sau:

Nc dng sn xut dch ng : Thnh phn v tnh cht ca nc nh hng n qu trnh h ha, ng ha. Ngoi ra cc thnh phn mui i vo dch ng nh hng n mi v, tnh cht ca bia. Cc bicacbonat v cacbonat trong nc s ha tan nhng cht ng trong v malt to v ng kh chu cho dch ng v bia, c bit Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 ha tan c cc cht chat ca malt gy nh hng xu n cht lng bia.

Nc dng ra men v thit b : i hi phi sch, khng cha nhiu tp cht hu c v vi sinh vt, c bit cc vi sinh vt c nh hng trc tip n cc qu trnh k thut sn xut bia, khng c cha NH3 v cc nitrit. Tt nht nn dng nc c cng thp (0-50H) n cng trung bnh (5-100H).

Do , nc dng trong sn xut bia phi t nhng yu cu sau :

cng t mm n trung bnh.

Hm lng mui cacbonat khng qu 50 mg/l.

Hm lng mui Mg2+ khng qu 100 mg/l. Hm lng mui clorua 75-150 mg/l. Hm lng CaSO4 150-200 mg/l.

NH3 v mui NO2 khng c.

Hm lng Ion Fe2+ khng qu 0.3 mg/l, Vi sinh vt khng qu 100 t bo /ml.Cn lu mt vi im nhy cm khi nc tip xc vi dch ng, nm men v bia:

Nc ra b cn phi iu chnh kim < 50 mg/l v pH = 6.5 khng chit cc cht khng mong mun t b. pH ca dch ng trc khi nu phi l 5.4 thu c dch ng sau khi nu c pH = 5.2.

Nc c ra v ra nm men phi c titr ng, loi b mi v l. IV. Nguyn liu thay th (Go). Yu cu:

ng nht v mu sc, kch thc, khng c ht mc, mi mt, mi l.

Khng c ct, sn. m : 12-14% ha tan : 80-85%. V. Nm men.

S dng nm men thuc h Saccharomyceteae, chi Saccharomyces, h hp ty tin, nhit sinh trng v pht trin ti u ca chng l 20-20oC. Nm men ngng hot ng to > 45oC nhng chng c kh nng chu to thp rt tt, thm ch n -18o.

C hai chng nm men thng c s dng trong cng ngh sn xut bia l:

Saccharomyces thuc nhm cerevisiae: nm men ln men ni. y l nm men thch nghi vi iu kin sinh trng v pht trin nhit cao, phn b ch yu lp cht lng trn b mt mi trng. Kh nng kt lng ca chng rt km, trong sut thi gian ln men v thm ch khi qu trnh kt thc, t bo nm men vn ni l lng nh vy trong bia non. Saccharomyces thuc nhm carlbergensis : nm men ln men chm thch nghi vi iu kin sinh trng v pht trin nhit thp. Chng phn b ch yu tng su ca dch ng trong thit b ln men. Trong qu trnh ln men, chng c xu hng kt lng, chm su xung y thng. Khi qu trnh ln men kt thc th phn ln lng sinh khi c kt lng. nhit 0oC, nm men vn c kh nng ln men.

Do nhng c im trn, em chn chng nm men S.carlbergensis dng trong sn xut bia ca nh my.

Yu cu chng nm men phi c :

- Kh nng chuyn ha v sinh tng hp cao. - Kh nng kt lng tt.

- thun khit sinh hc : chng phi c to nn t 1 t bo, ng nht v mt di truyn.

Hin nay c c nm men kh, ta c th s dng ch phm ny trong sn xut bia tin bo qun, vn chuyn. VI. Cc ch phm enzim

1. Ch phm enzim SC.y l loi ch phm amylaza thu c t nui cy vi sinh vt Baccillus licheniformis, c kh nng chu c nhit cao 103 105oC sau 15 pht. Nhit ti u ca enzim Termamyl l 90 95oC. Enzim ny thy phn tinh bt mi lin kt 1,4 glucozit trong phn t amyloza v amylopectin. V vy tinh bt nhanh chng b thy phn thnh cc dextrin c phn t lng khc nhau, lm gim nhanh nht ca dch cho.

S dng enzim ny c u im:

- Cho php rt ngn thi gian nu (h ha v dch ha).

Tng hiu sut thu hi cht ha tan.

Tng t l s dng nguyn liu thay th, gim gi thnh sn phm.

2. Ch phm enzim Cerefloy l tn thng mi ca enzim glucanaza hot ng ti u pH = 5,5 6,0, nhit 50 60oC, c tc dng lm gim nht dch ng, tng hiu sut lc, tng kh nng trch ly cc cht vo dch ng. V vy a ngay ch phm ny vo u qu trnh ng ha, nng 0,006% so vi nguyn liu thay th.

VII. Cc cht ph gia

- Cc cht dng x l nc : cc mui NaCl, Al2(SO4)3, axit lactic, nhm ionit v c, ionit hu c,

- Cc cht st trng, ty ra, v sinh : Cl2, NaOH, H2SO4, H3PO4, HCl, HNO3

- Cc cht chng oxy ha: axit ascorbic

- Cc cht tr lc: bt tr lc Diatomit

B. Chn quy trnh cng ngh.

I. Phn xng nu.

1. Nghin nguyn liu.

- Mc ch: khi ng ha thu c nhiu cht chit nht c li cho sn xut, hn ch cht khng c li tan vo dch ng. Ni nh l ngun cung cp c bn cc cht ha tan cho dch ng, ty mc phn hy ca malt m c mc nghin mn khc nhau.

V tru c s dng nh mt cht tr lc dch ng v hn ch cc cht ha tan ca n vo dch ng gy mi v khng tt. Do , ch nn nghin dp hay bp.

C cc phng php nghin sau:a) Nghin kh:

Bt nghin kh gm: v tru, tm th, tm mn, bt malt. Thng s dng cc my nghin c 1, 2 v 3 i trc.

- u im:+ C th nghin trc khi nu

+ Nghin tt cc malt c nhuyn km

+ D v sinh my mc.

- Nhc im: + Khng gi c nguyn v.

+ Khi nghin bi bay ra nhiu.

+ Dung tch cha trong thng lc nh (190 kg/m2)

b) Nghin m:

Malt c lm sch, phun m v ti 18% m, nghin bng my nghin trc.

- u im: + V tru c bo ton.

+ Dung tch cha trong thng lc ln (280 330 kg/m2)

- Nhc im: + Nghin khng tt nhng loi malt cha nhuyn

+ Ngm khng u.

+ Hot lc enzym v hot lc sinh hc khng c kim trong thng ngm. Chi ph u t ln trn mt my nghin cho mt ni nu.

+ V sinh thit b kh khn.

T nhng u, nhc im ca 2 phng php trn, em chn phng php nghin kh.

2. Nu nguyn liu.

* Mc ch nu : thu c ti a cc cht ha tan c li thu dch ng ln men sau ny. C 2 phng php nu nguyn liu l : phng php ngm v phng php un si tng phn.a) Phng php ngm.

Khng c qu trnh un si, ton b khi cho-malt c ng ha cng mt lc t im bt u n im cui, t0 = 760C. u im : qu trnh k thut n gin, d thao tc, rt ngn thi gian vn hnh thit b, khng tn nhiu hi. Nhc im : nu s dng nguyn liu thay th s gy lng ph do nhit thp khng ha tan trit .b) Phng php un si tng phn

Malt c trn ln vi nc thnh h malt, ni malt c chia thnh tng phn. Cc phn ny s c ng ha v un si tip, sau ha ln vi khi cho. u im : do dch malt c un si v duy tr ti nhit thch hp cho cc enzym hot ng nn hiu sut chit tng, to mi trng dinh dng u cho nm men pht trin, to s hi ha gia cc thnh phn trong bia. Nhc im : un si nhiu ln dn n kh nng cc cht khng c li ha tan vo dch ng hoc sinh ra nhng cht khng mong mun. Ngoi ra cn tn hi, chu k nu ko di.

Da vo u, nhc im ca 2 phng php trn, em chn phng php nu un si tng phn, s dng nguyn liu thay th, dng ch phm enzym SC cho ni h ha. 3.Lc dch ng

Mc ch : tch dch ng khi cc cht khng ha tan, gi li cng b nhng cht khng mong mun nh : tannin, lipit,

C 2 phng php lc :a) Lc p khung bn

Dng lc ca bm y phn dch qua lp vi lc, cn phn b malt c gi li.

u dim : lc nhanh, hiu sut thu hi cht chit cao, nng sut ln, t tn nc ra b, chim t din tch.

Nhc im : kh m rng nng sut, khi lc dich ng d tip xc vi oxy, tanin b oxy ha lm bia b ng kh chu, lp vi lc nhanh hng nn tn chi ph thay th, lao ng vt v.b) Lc bng thng lc y bng.

S dng thng lc 2 y, mt y gi lm lp li lc, c h thng dao co o b. u im : thng kn nn t b oxy ha, v sinh n gin. Nhc im : thi gian lc ko di hn lc khung bn.Qua em chn phng php s dng thng lc y bng lc dch ng.

4. Houblon ha

Mc ch : nhm lm n nh thnh phn v to cho bia c mi thm, v ng c trng ca hoa houblon. ng thi cng trong lc ny xy ra mt s qu trnh khc nh s gia tng nng ng, cng mu, s keo t protit thnh tanat protein lm trong v n nh dch ng, phn ng melanoidin, Mt s trong cc qu trnh y tha mn yu cu k thut, song cng c mt s qu trnh gy tc dng khng mong mun.

Nh qu trnh un si ny m loi b c cc cht keo khng n nh, cc enzym hot ng cn st, nh lm n nh thnh phn ha hc ca dch ng, to iu kin cho bia c thnh phn v tnh cht theo ng yu cu k thut.

Ta dng c cao hoa v hoa vin trong qu trnh houblon ha. Cho hoa vo lm 2 ln, ln u cho cao hoa vo trc vi lng 3/4 tng lng lc dch bt u si to v ng, ln 2 cho hoa vin vi lng 1/4 cn li vo trc khi kt thc qu trnh un si 10-15 pht to hng thm.5. Lng trong v lm lnh nhanh

Mc ch : trong dch ng sau khi un si vi hoa houblon c cha cc cn huyn ph, tanat protein, cc cn t hoa houblon. cy ging nm men cn thit phi lm trong dch, tch b cn v lm lnh n nhit ln men.

Ta s dng thng lng xoy Whirlpool lng trong, l thng c y hi nghing so vi mt phng ngang 1,50, dch bm vo vi vn tc ln, khong 12-14m/s theo phng tip tuyn vi thnh thng ti v tr khong 1/3 chiu cao thng tnh t y ln. Khi dch s quay bn trong khng gian thng v y dn ln. Cn tp trung li gia, dch trong s c ly ra ngoi pha di thng, cn d dng b loi b. S dng thit b lm lnh nhanh dng tm bn, lm lnh 2 cp. Lm lnh cp 1: dch c bng nc thng t nhit 95-980C xung nhit 400C, sau ti lm lnh cp 2 bng nc 20C, nhit dch gim xung nhit 12-140C.

II. Phn xng ln men. 1. Chn phng php ln men

C 2 phng php ln men : ln men c in v ln men ng i. 1.1. Ln men c in

Hai qu trnh : ln men chnh v ln men ph c tin hnh trong cc thit b ring bit v t trong 2 phng c nhit khc nhau. - u im : nhit ln men thp (6-90C), thi gian ln men chnh ko di, bia c hng v m , thm ngon.

- Nhc im : tn din tch nh xng, tn thit b, nng sut thp, h thng lm lnh ln gy tn km, khi chuyn ln men chnh sang ln men ph s gy tn tht nhiu hn, kh tch men cn.

1.2. Ln men ng i

Ln men chnh v ln men ph c tin hnh trong cng mt thit b hnh tr y cn c h thng o lanh bn ngoi gi v iu chnh nhit ca 2 qu trnh ln men ny. Nhit ln men chnh khong 12-140C, nhit ln men ph l khong 0-20C.

Phng php ny c u im l thi gian ln men chnh c rt ngn, thit b ln men gn, khng tn din tch nh xng m cht lng bia vn m bo, khi kt thc qu trnh ln men c th d dng tch men cn.

Qua em chn phng php ln men ng i trong thit b hnh tr y cn trong sn xut bia ca nh my.2. Chn quy trnh lc bia

2.1. Lc bng my lc khung bn

- Nguyn tc hot ng : bia i vo bn trong khung, thm qua cc tm vi lc ph bt tr lc. Cc cht cn b c gi li cn bia trong theo cc rnh ca bn ra ngoi.

- u im : + B mt lc ln

+ Dch lc trong, loi c nm men, cn bn.

+ Tm bn, vi lc c th g ra d dng, v sinh my n gin

- Nhc im : + Mt nhiu thi gian v sinh trc v sau khi lc.

+ Phi thay th vi lc nh k.

2.2. Lc bng my lc nn

My lc nn l mt thit b hnh tr, y cn, t thng ng trong c cha cc ng lc c gn vo cng mt tm v ngn cch gia vng dch cha lc v dch lc. Cc nn lc cng c th c gn vi mt h thng cc ng dn bia trong, thay th cho cc v ngn ny. Khi lm vic, bia v bt tr lc c bm vo thit b. Bt s ph ln trn b mt cc ct lc, bia trong s i qua lp bt tr lc ny v i vo tm ca ct lc sau khi c tch cc kt ta v cn. Bia trong theo tm ng c dn ln khoang pha trn v i ra ngoi.

- u im :

+ B mt lc tng dn do s bi p lin tc bt tr

+ Cc b phn lc khng di chuyn.

+ Bn mt lc khng b thay th nh k.

+ C th t ng ha.

+ Gim hm lng oxy xm nhp.

+ D dng lp t.

- Nhc im :

+ Rt nhy cm vi s thay i p sut t ngt.

+ Chu trnh lc ngn.

+ Khng th tng nng sut bng cch tng b phn

lc.

+ Tiu th lng nc ra ln.

+ Kh khn trong vic tho d, ra v bo dng cc nn lc.

2.3 Lc bng my lc a. My lc a c cu to chnh bao gm mt v hnh tr thng ng c cha mt tr rng, trn c gn rt nhiu a lm nhim v lc. Cc a ny c gn trn mt trc rng c nhim v dn bia trong. Trn b mt a c cc rnh hoc c l, y chnh l cc b mt ph bt tr lc. Bia v bt tr lc c bm vo my, bt tr lc s ph pha bn ngoi ca cc a, bia trong c lc qua cc lp bt tr lc v i vo bn trong cc a v c gom vo ng dn gia trc i ra ngoi.

Trong nh my, em chn my lc khung bn lc trong bia.3. Quy trnh tang tr bia v bo ha CO2 Mc ch : Tng cht lng cm quan ca bia, chng oxy ha., chng kt lng, tng thi gian bo qun bia, n nh cc thnh phn trong bia,

Tin hnh : Bm mt lng CO2 vo tank trc ui ht khng kh ra ngoi sau bm bia lc vo tank t di ln trnh si bt. Sauk hi bm bia xong, bo ha CO2 n khi hm lng CO2 trong bia t 4,5 5g/lt. Trong qu trnh tang tr bia, duy tr p sut trong tank 1,8 kg/cm2 v thu hi CO2 khi cn thit.III. Phn xng hon thin.

1. Hon thin sn phm bia hi.

1.1 Cc loi bc cha bia

1.1.1. Bc dng tang trng

c ch to bng g hoc hp kim nhm, thp niken crom, xung quanh c b tr vng cao su tin cho vic vn chuyn v chng va p. Cc thng u c nt vn xon nt kn.

1.1.2. Bc dng hnh tr Bc hnh tr (gi l keg) ch to bng hp kim nhm cha c magi v silicon.

Mt trn keg c l lp vi dn bia hoc CO2 trong qu trnh chit bia vo keg.

u im ca keg l :

Cc cng on vn chuyn, ra v chit bia c th c t ng ha.

Mc kn ca keg c th c kim tra mt cch t ng.

D dng phn phi.

Keg c a tr li nh my thng vn cn p sut d bn trong, do vy kh nng nhim vi sinh vt c hi vo keg t bn ngoi l rt thp. 1.2 Nguyn tc chit bia vo bc.

Qu trnh chit bia vo bc da trn nguyn tc chit ng p din ra theo 2 giai on:

Thng cha c to p sut i khng vi khng kh nn hoc CO2.

Dng bia t chy nh chnh lch chiu cao khi c s cn bng p sut.

2. Hon thin sn phm bia chai. Quy trnh hon thin sn phm bia chai bao gm cc bc sau : Ra chai.

Kim tra chai sau khi ra.

Rt bia vo chai.

Dp np chai.

Thanh trng.

Soi chai.

Dn nhn.

Xp kt.

2.1 Ra chai Qu trnh ra chai c tin hnh trong my ra. Trong my ra, chai c phun nc, ngm, phun bn trong v ngoi chai bng cht ty ra, sau c trng li bng nc loi b ton b cht ty ra. 2.2 Kim tra chai sau khi ra.

Yu cu i vi chai cha bia : chai c ch to t vt liu thy tinh, cn phi p ng nhng yu cu sau : C cng chu c va chm trong cc thit b v trong qu trnh vn chuyn v chng li p sut to ra do CO2 bn trong chai bia, nht l khi thanh trng.

Nh nht c th c, gim cc chi ph vn chuyn.

C hnh dng sao cho khng d b ri hoc trong cc thit b vn chuyn v phi d v sinh, kiu dng chai phi ng nht. Thy tinh phi c mu sao cho bia bn trong c bo v trnh khi tc ng ca nh sng.

Chai khng c lt cc vn nh vo trong bia, khng c vt si, st, v.

Kim tra chai : kim tra thnh chai, y chai, ming chai, dch cn d trong chai. 2.3 Rt bia vo chai.

S dng my chit chai hot ng theo nguyn tc chit ng p. My c thit k dng qua trn vi s vi chit l 36 vi. Cc chai c vn chuyn trn bng ti vo my chit. Nng sut chit 6.000 chai/gi.

2.4 Dp nt chai

Sau khi chit, chai c xit nt cng nhanh cng tt. V vy my xit np chai c c gn cng mt khi vi my chit v c vn hnh cng mt ng c sao cho s lm vic ca 2 my tng ng nhau. 2.5 Thanh trng

Ti cui qu trnh nu, dch ng c v trng. V vy, cc vi sinh vt gy h hng bia ch c th xm nhp vo sn phm do s thiu v sinh trong cc cng on t ln men n ra sn ph1m cui cng. Do ta phi tin hnh thanh trng bia chai sau khi dp nt. Da trn phng php thanh trng Pasteur vi ch nhit thanh trng l 60-650C, chn kiu thanh trng hm Tunel. Bia t my dp nt chai vo hm thanh trng qua cc vng nhit : 20-250C ( 40-450C ( 60-650C ( 40-450C ( 20-250C. 2.6. Soi chai

Bia chai sau khi ra khi hm thanh trng c a qua my soi chai. Nhng chai c biu hin khc thng (vn c, c vt l, st,) s b loi b.

2.7. Dn nhn

Nhn mc ca sn phm l mt thnh phn khng th thiu c khi sn phm lu thng trn th trng. N khng ch c vai tr cung cp thng tin v sn phm m cn tc ng n tm l ngi tiu dng thng qua mu sc, cch trang tr, Do , cc yu cu c bn i vi nhn mc sn phm nh sau :

Cc thng tin v hnh nh trn nhn phi c in mt cch r rng, mu sc v cch b tr trn nhn phi hi ha, hp dn ngi tiu dng.

Nhn cn m bo dy, chu m tt nht.

Khi vo my ra, nhn phi bong ra d dng, to iu kin cho qu trnh ra din ra thun li. Chai bia c dn nhn bng my dn nhn chuyn dng.

2.8. Xp kt

Chai bia sau khi dn nhn c a n my gp, ng thi v kt cng c chuyn n ng v tr, robot gp chai gp chai cho vo kt, bng ti a kt ra ngoi.

Phn th hai : M T QUY TRNH CNG NGH TRONG 1 M SN XUT BIA.I. Phn xng nu.

1. Nghin nguyn liu.

1.1 Nghin malt.

- Mc ch : Phn nh ht malt thnh nhiu mnh nh khi ng ha thu c nhiu cht ha tan. Tng b mt tip xc vi nc, lm cho qu trnh thm nc vo ni nh c nhanh hn, qu trnh ng ho din ra thun li v trit hn. Ht cng c nghin nh th cng to iu kin tt cho cc enzym pht huy hiu lc, tuy nhin nu ht nghin nh qu s lm cho v tru cng b nghin nh hn, ho tan nhiu cht khng c li vo dch ng. Khi v b nghin nh qu cng lm kh khn cho qu trnh lc b malt.

- Yu cu ca qu trnh nghin l : ni nh cng nh cng tt, v malt cng nguyn vn cng tt.

- Tin hnh : Malt c cn cho tng m nu, mi m 2994,25 kg (lm trn thnh 2995 kg) cho nu bia hi hoc 3657,25 kg (lm trn thnh 3658 kg) cho nu bia chai. Sau a malt vo my nghin trc.

1.2 Nghin go

- Mc ch : ph v cu trc ht tinh bt to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh thy phn sau ny.

- Yu cu ca qu trnh nghin l: khng nghin qu to s kh thy phn hon ton v cng khng nghin qu nh v khi h ha s to nht cao gy kh lc.

- Tin hnh : Go c cn cho tng m nu, mi m 998 kg cho bia hi hoc 1219 kg cho bia chai. Sau chuyn vo my nghin ba : c 6 ba, gm 1 roto quay trn c lp nhiu a , trn cc a c lp cc li dao thp. Khi Roto quay , lc va p s lm v cc ht go, cc ht nghin nh s lt qua sng. 2. Chun b dch ng ln men.

2.1 Quy trnh h ha.

- Mc ch : Chuyn tinh bt trong go dng khng tan v dng ha tan, to iu kin cho enzym tip xc vi tinh bt d dng hn, phn ct tinh bt thnh dextrin v ng.

- Nguyn liu cho 1 m nu gm c :

* Cho bia hi : + Go : 998 kg.

+ Malt lt : 100 kg.

+ T l nc : nguyn liu = 5 : 1.

* Cho bia chai : + Go : 1219 kg.

+ Malt lt : 12 kg.

+ T l nc : nguyn liu = 5 : 1.

- Tin hnh :

+ Bc 1 : cp nc vo ni nhit 45-500C , sau cho malt lt vo nhm lm gim nht ca dch h ha v thy phn mt phn cc cht (protein,tinh bt,..), ri cho go vo.

+ Bc 2 : Cho cc cht b sung : CaSO4 , Enzym SC vo. CaSO4 c vai tr lm bn enzyme. Enzym SC l ch phm cha -amylaza c kh nng chu nhit cao,c tc dng thy phn tinh bt. Gi nhit ni trong 20 pht.

+ Bc 3 : Nhit c tng dn t ln 90 - 930C trong 25 pht, gi trong khong 30 pht enzym hot ng ti a.

+ Bc 4 : Tip tc tng nhit ln 1000C trong 15 pht, gi trong thi gian 40 pht ha tan nt lng tinh bt cn li, to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh ng hoasau ny.

+ Bc 5 : kt thc :

Khi nu cho xong, ng van cp hi li.

M van y ni cho, m van y ni hm. Bt bm cho chuyn dch sang ni malt

*) Ch : M van y ni cho, van ht ca bm t ni cho, van y ca bm vo ni hm, van ng ni hm. Cn cc van khc ca bm ng cht.

- Khi chuyn ht dch, tt bm, ng van y ni cho, hm.**) Ch trong qu trnh nu:- Theo di nhit khi phi trn nc m bo ng nhit yu cu cng ngh.

- iu chnh van hi kp thi duy tr nhit cc giai on ca qu trnh cng ngh

- Kh c bt k hin tng khc thng, ting ku l no phi bo ngay cho k thut phn xng x l kp thi.

- Ghi tnh trng hin tng ca thit b v ni dung sn xut trong ca vo s nht k.

2.2 Quy trnh ng ha.

- Mc ch : S dng h enzym c sn trong malt phn ct hp cht cao phn t khng ha tan trong bt malt thnh dng hp cht thp phn t ha tan. Vi vic iu chnh pH, nhit v thi gian ngh thch hp nhng im khc nhau to iu kin ti u cho cc enzym hot ng. Cc enzym ny phn ct cc hp cht cao phn t thnh nhng hp cht thp phn t ho tan vo dch ng to thnh phn cht chit cho dch ng.

- Nguyn liu cho 1 m nu gm c :

* Cho bia hi : + Malt : 2995 kg.

+ T l nc : nguyn liu = 5 : 1.

* Cho bia chai : + Malt : 3658kg.

+ T l nc : nguyn liu = 4 : 1.

- Tin hnh : Chun b xong ni cho ta tin hnh chun b ni malt. u tin ta cho nc 45 500C vo ni vi t l malt : nc = 1 : 4. Sau cho malt vo ni ngm 20 pht, to iu kin cho enzym sitaza thy phn cht bn x thnh ng 5 cacbon v dextrin, ng thi phitaza thy phn phitin thnh ru inosit v axit H3PO4. Tip theo ta tin hnh bm cho sang, ng thi bt cnh khuy. Cho c bm t t nhit dch t khong 50530C trong 5 pht, gi trong thi gian 20 pht. y l nhit thch hp cho enzym proteaza hot ng, thy phn protein thnh cc peptit, axit amin l ngun dinh dng cho nm men v albumoza, pepton, polypeptit gp phn khng nh trong vic to v m , tham gia vo qu trnh to v gi bt cho bia.

Bm nt phn cho cn li sang nng nhit ln 63 650C trong thi gian 10 pht , gi trong 30 pht. y l nhit thch hp cho enzym -amylaza hot ng phn ct tinh bt thnh maltoza v dextrin phn t lng b. Sau ta bm phn dch trong sang ni h ha. Phn dch c c nng ln nhit 1000C, un si trong 20 pht tng hiu sut thu hi cht chit. Sau cng ta chuyn ton b dch ni cho sang ni malt sao cho nhit dch t 750C v gi cho n khi ng ha hon ton(th bng I2).

2.3. Lc dch ng

- Mc ch : Loi b malt, b go , ht cn, cc cu t khng ha tan ra khi dch ng

- Tin hnh :

+ Giai on 1 : Lc dch thu nc nha u

Cp nc vo y khong khng gia 2 y xung , to lp lc. Ta tin hnh bm hm t ni ng ho sang ni lc. Trong thi gian bm cho h thng dao co c h thp cao v quay dn u b trn mt y. Sau khi bm ht sang thng lc th h thng dao co c nng ln n cao trn cng v khi cho trong ni lc yn trong 30 pht b kt lng, to thnh lp lc ph. Kt lng u tin l nhng phn t nng nht v l nhng ht tm c kch thc tng i ln. Phn kt lng ny to thnh mt lp mng trn y sng ca thng lc v c gi l lp bn di. Phn kt lng tip theo l phn chnh ca pha rn bao gm ch yu l v tru v cc phn t nh hn v c kch thc ln hn. Cui cng trn b mt ca lp lc c ph mt lp kt lng mng bao gm cc phn t nh v kch thc b nht. Lp kt lng ny gi l lp bn trn. Sau khong 30 pht yn cho kt lng ta tin hnh m ri ng nhanh cac van x dch 3 n 4 ln. Sau m chng mc 1/5 1/4 kh nng cc i. Dch ng chy ra lc ny cn c ta dng mt bm ly tm nh bm hi lu chng t bnh cha ph v thng lc. Khi bm hi lu ta phi cho dch ng vo thnh thng lc mt cch nh nhng trnh s xo trn lm hng cu trc ca lp b lc pha di. Qu trnh hi lu tin hnh n khi no dch ng trong ( thng khong 15 pht). Dch ng trong c bm ngay sang thit b un hoa houblon. qu trnh lc din ra tt p ta cn iu chnh m cc van x dch sao cho lng dch t pha lng ca ni lc i qua lp b lc bng lng dch chy qua cc vn. Lu lng try ca mi van x thch hp nht l khong 0,1 l/s. Lng dch ng c lc trong khong 45 pht n 1 h th kt thc. Sau ta tin hnh qu trnh ra b.

+ Giai on 2 : Ra b thu nc nha cui

B c ra bng nc nng 75-78oC. y l nhit thch hp cho vic ra b. Nu nhit nc ra b thp th tc chy ca dch ra b chm, d gy nhim khun. Nu nhit nc ra b qu cao s xy ra hin tng h ho tinh bt cn st trong b, s lm tng nht ca dch ra b, tng khng tr, gim tc try, ko di thi gian lc v d lm dch ng b c. Thng ngi ta tin hnh ra b gin on hoc lin tc. y ta tin hnh ra b gin on vi ba ln lp li. Sau khi nc ct u tin chy ht th tt c cc van x dch c ng li v thc hin phun nc ln th nht. Qu trnh phun nc tip tc n khi nc ngp b khong 2 cm th dng li. Cho h thng dao co lm vic xi o lp b malt. Khi h thng ny quay c 4 5 vng th dng li. yn cho khi cho lng trong 10 pht th bt u m cc van x dch dn dch ra b ra. Cc thao tc tip theo cng thc hin nh khi lc dch. Ta tin hnh qu trnh ra b nh vy hai ln na th kt thc. Nc ra b ln sau c nhit cao hn ln trc. Nhit nc ra b ln u khong 76oC, ln th hai c nhit khong 77oC, nhit nc ra ln th ba khong 78oC. Tng thi gian ra b khong 1,5 gi.

2.4 Quy trnh houblon ha dch ng.- Mc ch :

+ Trch ly cht ng, tinh du thm v cc thnh phn khc ca hoa houblon vo dch ng.

+ Kt lng protein cao phn t v cc cn min trong dch ng bng polyphenol, gip lm tng bn keo ca bia sau ny v lm n nh thnh phn sinh hc ca bia thnh phm.

+ Polyphenol l cht to sc cng b mt c hot tnh cao. Nh c sc cng ny m bt kh CO2 trong bia bn hn, CO2 c gi lu hn. y l nhng cht tham gia vo qu trnh to bt v l tc nhn chnh gi bt cho bia.- Tin hnh : Dch lc c bm sang ni hoa v un n nhit si (khong 1000C). Qu trnh cho hoa c chia lm 2 ln :

+ Ln u cho hoa vin , cao hoa cng vi CaCl2 khi dch bt u si . Mc ch ca ln cho ny l trch ly cht ng,to mng nhy khi a dch sang thng lng xoy s lng cc cht th lm trong dch. + Ln 2 : cho hoa vin vo trc khi kt thc qu trnh nu 10 pht to hng thm cho bia.

Sn phm ca qu trnh houblon ha l dch cha cc cht ha tan,b hoa,kt ta protein,..to ra trong khi nu. Dch sau khi nu hoa c ng l 9,80P. Thi gian nu hoa ko di khong 90 pht. 2.5 Lng xoy

- Mc ch : Qu trnh lng trong v lm ngui s b nhm mc ch to iu kin cho s kt ta cc cn lng ca dch sau un hoa. - Tin hnh : Dch ng c bm vo thng theo phng tip tuyn to thnh dng xoy. Khi c khi dch s xoay trn vi vn tc kh ln. Tt c cc phn t cn cng xoay theo v chu mt lc hng tm, cc phn t cn b xoy vo gia tm thng v lng xung y thng. Sau khi bm ton b dch sang thng lng xoy ta yn cho lng trong ri tin hnh bm phn dch ng trong sang my lnh nhanh. Thi gian t lc bt u bm vo ni lng n lc bt u bm i lnh nhanh khong 1 gi. V thit b lng xoy khng c cp nhit v bo n nn nhit ca khi dch gim xung t, n khi i my lnh nhanh ch cn khong 90oC 95oC

2.6. Lm lnh nhanh. - Mc ch : h nhit dch ng xung khong 14-150C ln men . Qu trnh lm lnh cn tin hnh nhanh dch ng khng b nhim khun. - Tin hnh : My lnh nhanh l thit b kiu tm bn c cu to l nhng tm bn ln sng c ch to t thp khng g. Cc tm bn c dng hnh ch nht c bn l bn gc. Khi lp li bn l ny to thnh bn mng dn. Ngoi ra cn c mt s tm chuyn dng v dng chy thay i nh cc tm ny. Cht ti lnh c s dng l nc 20C.

Qu trnh lm lnh c km theo vic sc khng kh sch vo 2/3 tng lng dch ng cho vo tank ln men. Mc ch ca vic sc khng kh sch l cung cp lng oxy cn thit cho qu trnh tng sinh khi ca nm men. Thit b b xung oxy cho dch ng c t trn ng dch ng lnh ra khi my lnh nhanh. Khng kh phi c x l qua mt s cng on nh tch nc, tch du, lc, kh trng Khng kh c b sung xui chiu trn ng ng dn dch ng vo tank ln men. Lng oxy c iu chnh da vo m ca van kh nn. Ta s khng ch lng oxy trong dch ng mc 6 8 mg/l.

II. Phn xng ln men.

1. Chun b ging men

y ta s dng nm men kh. Men kh mang v c hot ho bng dch ng ha sau nu hoa. Ta s dng men kh l chnh nhng tit kim ta c s dng men sa cho n khi khng t cht lng (thng s dng 10 11 i) th ta s dng men kh nhn ging li.

1.1 Chun b t men kh.

V thi gian ln men di ngy nn ta ch s dng khong 1kg men kh cho 10.000 lt dch ng. Men kh c hot ha nh sau:

hot ho 1kg men kh ta s dng 3,5 lt dch ng 11oBx v 3,5 lt nc v trng trn li vi nhau sao cho hn hp c nhit 25o( 28oC.

Ta va rc men va lc, sau 15 pht ta cho tip 1 lt dch ng v lc tip 15 pht. Sau cho tt c vo thng nhn ging cp 1 c cha dch ng thanh trng p sut 0,5kg/cm2. y ta m lnh xung n 20oC trong vng 30 pht v c 3 gi phi sc kh mt ln.

Sau mt ngy th chuyn sang thng nhn ging cp hai vi iu kin tng t nh thng nhn ging cp mt. Sau khong 24 n 48 gi th bt u dng bung m hng cu m nu c trn 60 triu t bo/ml th ta cho vo tank ln men vi t l 18 triu t bo/ml km theo sc khng kh v trng theo ng dn dch t my lnh nhanh vo tank ln men.

1.2 Ra sa men.

Kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh ta tin hnh tch sa men. Sa men phn thnh ba lp :

- Lp trn cng l lp cn mn mu nu.

- Lp gia mu ng.

- Lp y l lp cn th gm cn bn v xc nm men.

Tin hnh rt men, x u tin b loi cn. Sau rt ly phn gia c mu trng ng v b phn trn cng. Sau khi thu c phn men sa gia y l phn sa men c cha nhiu nm men tr v ny chi nhiu nht, tin hnh ra sa men. Ra bng nc thanh trng 2oC . Bm nc lnh vo cc thng ra men ri lng khong 90 pht, sau gn phn nc pha trn v phn nc pha trn cha ch yu l cc t bo men gi v xc t bo nm men. Tin hnh ra khong 3-4 ln thu sa men sch.

Tuy nhin nh my khng thng xuyn lm cng vic ny v phng KCS kim tra th lng nm men cn kho nn thng b sung trc tip vo thng ln men.Giai on ln men chnh din ra trong khong 4 7 ngy. Trong khong thi gian ny lng c cht trong dch ng gim mt cch mnh m. S tiu hao c cht ch yu l to thnh sinh khi t bo v chuyn ho ng thnh ru, CO2. Do s xut hin ca CO2 v cc axit hu c lm pH ca dch ng gim t 5,5-6 xung cn 4-4,5.

2. Tin hnh ln men 2.1 Ln men chnh

Men s dng trong qu trnh ln men chnh l Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, sau khi qua giai on nhn ging, c cha trong cc tank dung tch nh v c a trc tip vo tank ln men nh bm. Qu trnh ln men tin hnh theo phng php ln men chm.

Thit b sau khi c v sinh sch s, bm dch ng c lm lnh sang. Khi m u tin c bm vo tank ln men ngi ta tin hnh np ton b lng men ging hay nm men thun khit cho mt m vo tank. Mc ch ca vic tip men ngay t u l gip cho nm men thch nghi dn vi dch ln men ng thi vi mt nm men ban u ln s hn ch c s nhim tp. n khi tip lng dch th lng sinh khi cng cho qu trnh ln men.

Ban u ngi ta m lnh khc nhau cc khoang. 2 khoang trn cng c nhit thp hn nhit khoang di, tuy nhin vn m bo nhit ln men 15oC. Mc ch to ra s chnh lch nhit gia cc khoang nh to ra s i lu, nm men s chuyn ng t di ln trn, tng b mt tip xc gia enzym v c cht. ng thi trong qu trnh ln men CO2 to ra bm vo b mt ca nm men di dng bt kh. Khi lng CO2 to ra nhiu ln n s ko theo t bo nm men ni ln trn b mt, bt kh v ra nm men li ri xung c nh vy m nm men c o trn gip qu trnh ln men din ra nhanh hn v u hn.

Thi gian ln men chnh khong 4-7 ngy. Khi nng cht kh t 9,8oBx i vi bia chai v 9,6oBx i vi bia hi gim xung ti 3oBx ngi ta tin hnh ln men ph.

Trong thi gian ln men chnh lng CO2 to ra nhiu, nn n c thu li ti b phn gom ca nh my v c s dng hay bn tu theo tng giai on.Trong qu trnh ln men gi p sut 0,8 at i vi bia hi v 1 at i vi bia chai.Thng xuyn ly mu kim tra qu trnh ln men v nhit , nng ng, hm lng CO2,, pH.

Kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh, m lnh sao cho khoang di c nhit thp hn nhit hai khoang trn , to iu kin kt lng xc nm men v nhit ca bia non vo khong 40C v mt thi gian ngn ri tin hnh tch men.

2.2 Ln men ph

- Mc ch : To bn keo,bn bt, hnh thnh cc sn phm ph, hng v c trng cho bia. Lm cho hng v ca bia tr nn hi ho. Qu trnh ln men ph lm ln men kit hn c cht cn st trong dch ng. ng thi qu trnh ln men ph cn kh diaxetyl thnh axetoit v cc axit hu c. Cc axit hu c ny tc dng vi ru to thnh este, y chnh l cc cht lm cho bia c hng thm c trng. Ln men ph cng ng thi lm gim lng aldehyd, hm lng ru bc cao.Qu trnh ln men chnh v ph c thc hin trong cng mt tank ln men. Ln men ph c vai tr rt ln vi qu trnh to hng, to v, to bt v quyt nh bn vng ca bia sau ny.- Tin hnh: Khi kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh h nhit khi dch xung 4-5oC ri dng li rt men ra. Sau tip tc h nhit xung n nhit ln men ph v gi nhit ny n khi qu trnh ln men ph kt thc. Qu trnh ln men ph ta khng ch -1o n 2o C v P=0,8 at n1 at. Trc khi tin hnh lc trong bia ta h nhit khi dch trong tank ln men xung -1 n 0oC. Trc khi lc bia 12 h ta x cn men ln cui. Thi gian ln men ph thng ko di t 11 n 14 ngy .

3. Lc trong bia.

- Mc ch : tng thm gi tr cm quan, n nh thnh phn c hc, lm tng bn sinh hc, bn keo ca bia. Trong qu trnh ln men ph v tang tr , bia c lm trong t nhin nhng cha t n yu cu. Mu c ca bia l do xc nm men, cc ht phn tn c hc,cc ht dng keo,phc cht protein-polyphenol,..Tt c cc cu t ny gy c v lm gim bn keo ca bia, v vy cn phi c qu trnh lc trong bia.

- Tin hnh : gm 2 bc: ph bt lc v lc bia :

a. Qu trnh ph bt lc: Qu trnh ny c vai tr quan trng i vi vic lc bia. Vt liu lc thng c l kch thc t 70 100 m. Ln hn t 2 4 m so vi kch thc ht bt tr lc ditomit nh. Do qu trnh ph bt tr lc nhm mc ch sp xp cc ht diatomit theo mt trnh t nht nh trn b nt vt liu lc lm tng hiu qu lc.

+ Lp bt u tin: gm nhng ht c kch thc ln nht, st vi vt liu lc c nhim v ngn cn cc ht bt c kch thc nh hn lt qua. Lp bt tr lc ny to thnh bng cch tun hon nc bi kh c cha khong 10 kg t tr lc th qua my lc vi p sut 2-3 bar. Qu trnh ny din ra trong vng 45 pht.

+ Lp bt th 2: gm nhng ht bt tr lc c kch thc trung bnh, lp ny m bo bia lc ra c trong theo yu cu cng ngh. to ra lp lc ny tng t nh cch to ra lp u tin, nhng s dng bt c mn hn bng cch trn:

2kg t th + 4kg t thng + 4kg t tinh

Qu trnh ny cng tin hnh trong 45 pht.

b. Qu trnh lc bia

Ty mc kh hay d khi lc bia m tin hnh b sung t tr lc cho hp l. Bnh thng trn theo t l t th: t thng =1:1 sau trn t: nc theo t l 1: 9, nu bia kh lc trn theo t l t : nc = 1: 6.

Trong qu trnh lc cn ch theo di p sut u vo v ra. Nu chnh lch qu 6 kg cn dng qu trnh lc v to li mng lc.

4. Bo ha CO2

- Mc ch:

Bo ho CO2 t hm lng CO2 theo yu cu , hn ch qu trnh oxi ho v bo qun bia, ng thi gip bia n nh trc khi em chit. - Tin hnh :

Bia sau khi lc c bm vo cc tank v tin hnh bo ho CO2, nhit bo ho t 100C. Khi bo ho m van t t CO2 chuyn t th kh sang th lng ho tan vo bia .Qu trnh bo ho CO2 kt thc khi p sut trong tank t yu cu. Thi gian bo ho bt buc phi c khng ch. Hm lng CO2 trong bia t 3,5g/lt i vi bia hi cn, bia chai l 4,5/lit.

Ch tin hnh b sung CO2 khi kim tra thy hm lng CO2 trong bia thiu.

III. PHN XNG HON THIN.

1. Chit bock

Bia c chit bock theo nguyn tc ng p. Khi chit phi hn ch ti a s xo trn bia,tn tht CO2 v s xm nhp ca oxy khng kh vo bia. Bock c ni vi thng cha bia qua vi chit,mt vi thng p cng c ni gia bock v thng cha , dng bia t chy nh chnh lch chiu cao khi c cn bng p sut.

2. Chit chai.

2.1 Ra chai

Chai c ra bng my qua cc cng on :

Ngm s b trong b cha nc nhit tng dn

Ngm trong xt nng

Phun ra bng xt nng

Phun ra bng nc nng

Phun ra bng nc thng

Phun ra bng nc sch

Tng thi gian lu chai trong my khong 10-15 pht.

2.2 Chit chai v ng np.

Chai t bng chuyn vn chuyn ti my chit v dp nt, my chit chit theo nguyn tc chit ng p.- Giai on 1: ht chn khng. Chai khi vo my chit cha y khng kh. u vi chit c lin kt vi mt bm chn khng, ht khng kh t trong chai ra.- Giai on 2: To p sut i khng. Sau khi ht chn khng, CO2 c a v chai nhm to p sut cn bng vi b cha bia ca my chit.- Giai on 3: Rt bia vo chai.Khi p sut trong chai v b cha ca my chit cn bng nhau, bia c chy nh nhng vo chai do s chnh lch chiu cao. Kh trong chai c y ra ngoi theo ng dn kh ca vi chit.

Qu trnh rt bia vo chai cn m bo: + Th tch bia trong chai vi mc quy nh. Mc bia trong chai s c iu chnh bng su ca vi dn kh CO2 ra. Khi bia chm u vi ny th qu trnh t chy ca bia s dng li.

+ Khng c s xm nhp O2 vo chai do p sut i khng CO2 to ra v bia chy nh xung dc theo thnh chai m khng to ra s xo ng.- Giai on 4: y chai

Qu trnh rt bia s dng li khi mc bia chm ti ng dn kh ra ca u chit. Khi van thng kh pha trn b cha bia cng ng li. Giai on 5: H chai ra khi vi chit.

Qu trnh ng np chai :

Np chai trc khi ng np phi c v sinh cht ch. My ng np chai phi c gn tun hon vi my chit, cng mt h dn ng v iu chnh hp l rt ngn thi gian bia tip xc khng kh, trnh nhim vi sinh vt, trnh thot CO2.

3. Thanh trng bia.

- Mc ch : nh ch hot ng ca nm men , tiu dit cc vi sinh vt cn st li nhm ko di thi gian bo qun bia.- Tin hnh : qu trnh thanh trng bia chai c thc hin theo phng php thanh trng Pasteur. My thanh trng chia lm 5 vng nhit Bia t my dp nt chai vo hm thanh trng qua cc vng nhit :

+ Vng I : 20-250C

+ Vng II : 40-450C

+ Vng III : 60-650C

+ Vng IV : 40-450C

+ Vng V : 20-250C

thanh trng : 19-23PU4. Kim tra chai , dn nhn v hon tt sn phm.

- Sau khi ra khi my thanh trng, chai i qua my soi , nhng chai khng m bo yu cu nh : v bn, bia c,c cht l, chai st,u b loi b- Chai c thi kh trc khi qua my dn nhn v c dn phoi nhm ln c chai.- Sau chai c bng ti chuyn qua my bn ch v my gp chai xp kt.- Cui cng kt bia c chuyn vo kho.

CHNG 3 : TNH TON CN BNG SN PHM.

Tnh cn bng sn phm cho nh my bia nng sut 30 triu lt/nm vi c cu sn phm l 12 triu lt bia hi/nm v 18 triu lt bia chai/nm.

Bia hi c nng dch ng ln men l 10Bx.

Bia chai c nng dch ng ln men l 12Bx.

Nguyn liu nu bao gm :

Malt : chim 75% khi lng nguyn liu, c :

- m : 7%

- Hiu sut ha tan : 75%

Go : chim 25% khi lng nguyn liu, c :

- m : 13%

- Hiu sut ha tan : 85%

Trong sn xut khng th trnh khi tn tht cc cng on khc nhau. Gi s tn tht qua cc cng on l :

Nghin nguyn liu : 0,5% .

un si, lng xoy, lm lnh : 1,7% .

Ln men chnh, ph : 4,0% .

Lc, bo ha CO2 : 2,0% .

Chit rt : 1,0% .A. TNH CN BNG SN PHM CHO BIA HI 10Bx. I. Tnh lng nguyn liu nu cho 1000 lt bia hi 10Bx.

Tnh lng cht chit thu c t 100 kg nguyn liu (gm 75 kg malt v 25 kg go) : + Lng cht chit thu c t 75 kg malt l :75 0,995 0,93 0,75 = 52,05 (kg)

+ Lng cht chit thu c t 25 kg go l :25 0,995 0,87 0,85 = 18,40 (kg)=> Tng lng cht chit thu c t 100 kg nguyn liu (gm 75kg malt v 25 kg go) l :

52,05 + 18,40 = 70,45 (kg)

EQ => Lng dch ng c nng 10% khi lng s thu c l :70,45 = 704,5 (kg) => Th tch dch ng l :V = = = 677,4 (l) ( Tra bng d = 1,04 ng vi 10Bx ) Tn tht do un si, lng xoy v lm lnh nhanh l 1,7% , do lng dch ng i vo ln men ch cn :677,4 (100 1,7)% = 665,88 (l)- Tn tht do ln men chnh, ph l 4% nn sau ln men th lng bia thu c l :

665,88 (100 4)% = 639,24 (l)- Sau lc v bo ha CO2 (tn tht 2%) cn :639,24 (100 2)% = 626,46 (l)=> Lng bia thnh phm (sau chit rt tn tht 1%) l :626,46 (100 1)% = 620,2 (l)

Nh vy, c 100 kg nguyn liu (gm 75 kg malt v 25 kg go) th sn xut c 626,2 lt bia thnh phm. Do , sn xut c 1000 lt bia hi 10Bx cn lng nguyn liu l :

= 159,69 (kg)

Trong : - Lng malt l : 0,75 159,69 = 119,77 (kg)

- Lng go l : 0,25 159,69 = 39,92 (kg)

II. Tnh lng sn phm trung gian v cc nguyn liu khc (nc, nm men, hoa houblon, ) cho bia hi 10Bx. 1. Tnh lng dch cho ni h ha.

Dng lng malt lt 10% so vi lng go dch ha. T l nc : nguyn liu = 5 : 1 Vy, khi lng dch ni h ha lc u l :( 39,72 + 0,1 39,72) (5+1) = 262,15 (kg) => Th tch dch cho l :V = = = 247,31 (l)Sau khi h ha, dch ha v un si, gi s c khong 5% lng nc bay hi, nh vy lng dch cho cn li trc khi bm sang ni ng ha l :262,15 (100-5)% = 249,04 (kg)Khi lng ring ca dch cho lc y s tng ln v ly d = 1,07 kg/l , do th tch dch cho tng ng lc y s l :V = = = 232,75 (l)

2. Tnh lng dch malt ni ng ha .

Sau khi dng malt lt cho ni cho th lng malt cn li l :119,17 3,972 = 115,2 (kg)

T l nc : malt = 5 : 1, do khi lng dch malt lc cha bm cho sang l :

115,2 (5+1) = 691,2 (kg)

Khi lng dch malt cho thu c sau khi bm cho sang l :691,2 + 249,04 = 940,24 (kg)

Coi rng trong qu trnh ng ha, nc bay hi mt 2% so vi lng dch, do khi lng dch hm sau ng ha l :940,24 (100-2)% = 921,44 (kg)

=> Th tch dch hm l :Vdch hm = = 869,28 (l)3. Tnh lng b hm.

- Lng cht kh khng ha tan t malt l :119,17 0,93 0,25 = 27,71 (kg)

- Lng cht kh khng ha tan t go l :39,72 0,87 0,15 = 5,18 (kg)

=> Tng lng cht kh khng ha tan l :27,71 + 5,18 = 32,89 (kg)- Lng b thng phm thng c m 80%. Lng nc X cn nm trong b m c tnh :

= 0,8 (80%)

=> X = 131,56 (kg)

Do , lng b thng phm l :131,56 + 32,89 = 164,45 (kg)

Lng b m thc thu c khi lc bng thng lc khong 1,8 2,2 kg/kg nguyn liu, chn 2 kg/kg nguyn liu. Vy lng nguyn liu 158,89 kg (gm 119,17 kg malt + 39,72 kg go) sn xut 1000 lt bia th cho lng b m l :2 158,89 = 317,78 (kg)

4. Khi lng dch lc u v nng dch ng khi cha ra b l.

Khi lng dch lc u = Khi lng dch ng ha khi lng b trc khi ra = 921,44 317,78 = 603,66 (kg) Ta bit rng 100 kg nguyn liu (malt + go) cho 70,45 kg cht ha tan. Vy 159,69 kg nguyn liu cho lng cht ha tan l :

= 112,5 (kg)

Coi nng cht ha tan trong dch lc v trong b l nh nhau, ta c nng gn ng ca dch lc u l :

100% = 12,1%

5. Tnh lng nc ra b v khi lng dch trc khi nu hoa.

Gi s khi un si dch ng vi hoa houblon c khong 5% nc bay hi. Nh vy, dch ng sau khi ra b c nng b hn 0,5Bx, tc l cn 9,5Bx (qui v Bx 200C).Khi ta c :

Lng nc ra b () c xc nh :

= 9,5Bx = 0,095.=> = 580,55 (kg) hay 580,55 (l)=> Khi lng dch ng trc khi un hoa l :

603,66 + 580,55 = 1184,21 (kg)

Tra bng ng vi 9,5Bx th d = 1,038. Do , th tch dch trc khi nu hoa l :

Vdch = = = 1140,86 (l)

6. Tnh lng hoa houblon.

Lng hoa houblon dng trong qu trnh sn xut bia dao ng trong mt khong rt rng ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh: nng dch ng, cht lng hoa houblon v th hiu ngi tiu dng.

C 1000 lt bia hi th cn khong 45 g (-axit ng . Trong nh my s dng 60% cao hoa v 40% hoa vin, tc l vi 1000 lit bia hi cn 27 g (-axit ng t cao hoa v 18 g ( axit t hoa vin.

Ta chn loi cao hoa 50% v hoa vin 8%. Bit rng:

+ 1 kg cao hoa 50% tng ng vi 500 g (-axit ng. Vy nu cn 27 g (-axit ng s tng ng vi 54 g cao hoa 50%.

+ 1 kg hoa vin 8% tng ng vi 80 g (-axit ng . Do , 18 g (-axit ng s tng ng vi 225 g hoa vin 8% .7. Tnh lng men ging

- T nui cy (chim 10% lng dch i ln men) :0,1 = 106,33 (l)

- T lng men sa b sung (chim 1% lng dch i ln men) :

0,01 1063,3 = 10,63 (l)

8. Tnh lng sa men

C 100 lt bia th cho khong 2 lt sa men. Vy 1000 lt bia cho : 2 10 = 20 lt sa men, trong ti s dng 10,63 lt, phn cn li lm thc n cho gia sc l : 20 10,63 = 9,37 (l)

9. Tnh lng bt tr lc Diatomit.

Thng thng lng bt tr lc cn dng l 0,73 1,2 kg bt/1000 lt bia.10. Lng ch phm enzym SCT 0,05 0,1 % so vi lng nguyn liu thay th, y ta dng lng enzym l 0,1% so vi lng go v bng :

39,72 = 0,0397 (kg) 40 (g)

11. Tnh CO2

Ta c phng trnh ln men :

C12H22O11 + H2O = 4 C2H5OH + 4 CO2 C 342 g maltoza to thnh 176 g CO2, ta c :

Lng dch trc ln men l :

1,04 = 1105,83 (kg)

Lng cht chit l :1105,83 = 110,58 (kg)

Coi ton b lng ng ln men l maltoza, gi s mc ln men l 60% => lng CO2 thu c l :110,58 0,6 = 36,04 (kg) Sau khi ln men, lng CO2 cn ngm trong bia khong 2,5g/l , sau lc ch cn 2g/l, trong khi yu cu ca bia thnh phm phi t 3,5g/l, do phi thm vo lng CO2 l :

(3,5 2) 1,4 = 2079,83 (g) 2,1 (kg)

- Gi s hiu sut thu hi l 50% th lng CO2 c kh nng thu hi t vic sn xut 1000 lt bia l :(36,04 3,5) 0,5 = 16,27 (kg)

B. TNH CN BNG SN PHM CHO BIA CHAI 12Bx.

I. Tnh lng nguyn liu nu cho 1000 lt bia chai 12Bx.

Tnh lng cht chit thu c t 100 kg nguyn liu (gm 75 kg malt v 25 kg go) : + Lng cht chit thu c t 75 kg malt l :75 0,995 0,93 0,75 = 52,05 (kg)

+ Lng cht chit thu c t 25 kg go l :25 0,995 0,87 0,85 = 18,40 (kg)=> Tng lng cht chit thu c t 100 kg nguyn liu (gm 75kg malt v 25 kg go) l :52,05 + 18,40 = 70,45 (kg)

EQ => Lng dch ng c nng 12% khi lng s thu c l :70,45 = 587,08 (kg) => Th tch dch ng l :V = = = 559,98 (l)( Tra bng d = 1,0484 ng vi 12Bx ) Tn tht do un si, lng xoy v lm lnh nhanh l 1,7% , do lng dch ng i vo ln men ch cn :559,98 (100 1,7)% = 550,46 (l)- Tn tht do ln men chnh, ph l 4% nn sau ln men th lng bia thu c l :550,46 (100 4)% = 528,44 (l)- Sau lc v bo ha CO2 (tn tht 2%) cn :528,44 (100 2)% = 517,87 (l)=> Lng bia thnh phm (sau chit rt tn tht 1%) l :517,87 (100 1)% = 512,7 (l)

Nh vy, c 100 kg nguyn liu (gm 75 kg malt v 25 kg go) th sn xut c 512,7 lt bia thnh phm. Do , sn xut c 1000 lt bia hi 12Bx cn lng nguyn liu l :

= 195,05 (kg)

Trong : - Lng malt l : 0,75 195,05 = 146,29 (kg)

- Lng go l : 0,25 195,05 = 48,76 (kg)

II. Tnh lng sn phm trung gian v cc nguyn liu khc (nc, nm men, hoa houblon, ) cho bia chai 12Bx.

1. Tnh lng dch cho ni h ha.

Dng lng malt lt 10% so vi lng go dch ha.

T l nc : nguyn liu = 5 : 1

Vy, khi lng dch ni h ha lc u l :( 48,52 + 0,1 48,52) (5+1) = 320,23 (kg) => Th tch dch cho l :

V = = = 320,1 (l) Sau khi h ha, dch ha v un si, gi s c khong 5% lng nc bay hi, nh vy lng dch cho cn li trc khi bm sang ni ng ha l :320,23 (100-5)% = 304,22 (kg)

Khi lng ring ca dch cho lc y s tng ln v ly d = 1,07 kg/l , do th tch dch cho tng ng lc y s l :V = = = 284,32 (l)

2. Tnh lng dch malt ni ng ha .

Sau khi dng malt lt cho ni cho th lng malt cn li l :144,83 4,852 = 139,98 (kg)

T l nc : malt = 4 : 1, do khi lng dch malt lc cha bm cho sang l :

139,98 (4+1) = 699,9 (kg)

Khi lng dch malt cho thu c sau khi bm cho sang l :699,9 + 304,22 = 1004,12 (kg)

Coi rng trong qu trnh ng ha, nc bay hi mt 2% so vi lng dch, do khi lng dch hm sau ng ha l :1004,12 (100-2)% = 984,03 (kg)

=> Th tch dch hm l :Vdch hm = = 928,33 (l)3. Tnh lng b hm.

- Lng cht kh khng ha tan t malt l :144,83 0,93 0,25 = 33,67 (kg)

- Lng cht kh khng ha tan t go l :48,52 0,87 0,15 = 6,33 (kg)

=> Tng lng cht kh khng ha tan l :33,67 + 6,33 = 40 (kg)

- Lng b thng phm thng c m 80%. Lng nc X cn nm trong b m c tnh :

= 0,8 (80%)=> X = 160 (kg)

Do , lng b thng phm l :160 + 40 = 200 (kg)

Lng b m thc thu c khi lc bng thng lc khong 1,8 2,2 l/kg nguyn liu, chn 2 kg/kg nguyn liu. Vy lng nguyn liu 193,35 kg (gm 144,83 kg malt + 48,52 kg go) sn xut 1000 lt bia th cho lng b m l :2 193,35 = 386,7 (kg)4. Khi lng dch lc u v nng dch ng khi cha ra b. Khi lng dch lc u = Khi lng dch ng ha khi lng b trc khi ra = 984,03 386,7 = 597,33 (kg) Ta bit rng 100 kg nguyn liu (malt + go) cho 70,45 kg cht ha tan. Vy 195,05 kg nguyn liu cho lng cht ha tan l :

= 137,41 (kg)

Coi nng cht ha tan trong dch lc v trong b l nh nhau, ta c nng gn ng ca dch lc u l :

100% = 14%

5. Tnh lng nc ra b v khi lng dch trc khi nu hoa.

Gi s khi un si dch ng vi hoa houblon c khong 5% nc bay hi. Nh vy, dch ng sau khi ra b c nng b hn 0,5Bx, tc l cn 11,5Bx (qui v Bx 200C).Khi ta c :

Lng nc ra b () c xc nh :

= 11,5Bx = 0,115.=> = 597,54 (kg) hay 597,54 (l)

=> Khi lng dch ng trc khi un hoa l :597,33 + 597,54 = 1194,87 (kg)Tra bng ng vi 11,5Bx th d = 1,0628. Do , th tch dch trc khi nu hoa l :

Vdch = = = 1124,27 (l)

6. Tnh lng hoa houblon.

Tng t nh bia hi, ta chn loi cao hoa 50% v hoa vin 8% :

+ 1 kg cao hoa 50% tng ng vi 500 g (-axit ng. Vy nu cn 27 g (-axit ng s tng ng vi 54 g cao hoa 50%.

+ 1 kg hoa vin 8% tng ng vi 80 g (-axit ng . Do , 18 g (-axit ng s tng ng vi 225 g hoa vin 8% .7. Tnh lng men ging.

- T nui cy (chim 10% lng dch i ln men) :0,1 = 107,37 (l)

- T lng men sa b sung (chim 1% lng dch i ln men) :0,01 1073,7 = 10,74 (l)

8. Tnh lng sa men.

C 100 lt bia th cho khong 2 lt sa men. Vy 1000 lt bia cho : 2 10 = 20 lt sa men, trong ti s dng 10,63 lt, phn cn li lm thc n cho gia sc l :

20 10,63 = 9,37 (l)

9. Tnh lng bt tr lc Diatomit.

Thng thng lng bt tr lc cn dng l 0,73 1,2 kg bt/1000 lt bia.

10. Lng ch phm enzym SC

T 0,05 0,1 % so vi lng nguyn liu thay th, y ta dng lng enzym l 0,1% so vi lng go v bng :

48,52 = 0,0485 (kg) 50 (g).

11. Tnh CO2

Ta c phng trnh ln men :

C12H22O11 + H2O = 4 C2H5OH + 4 CO2 C 342 g maltoza to thnh 176 g CO2, ta c :

Lng dch trc ln men l :

1,038 = 1114,47 (kg)

Lng cht chit l :1114,47 = 133,74 (kg) Coi ton b lng ng ln men l maltoza, gi s mc ln men l 60% => lng CO2 thu c l :133,74 0,6 = 41,3 (kg) Sau khi ln men, lng CO2 cn ngm trong bia khong 2,5g/l , sau lc ch cn 2g/l, trong khi yu cu ca bia thnh phm phi t 4,5g/l, do phi thm vo lng CO2 l :

(4,5 2) 1,4 = 2861,25 (g) 2,86 (kg)

- Gi s hiu sut thu hi l 50% th lng CO2 c kh nng thu hi t vic sn xut 1000 lt bia l :(41,3 4,5) 0,5 = 18,4 (kg)

K HOCH SN XUT.

Nh my sn xut 30 triu lt bia/nm , mt nm c 4 qu, mi qu c 3 thng, mi thng nh my sn xut 25 ngy, cc ngy cn li v sinh, sa cha, bo dng thit b, nh xng. K hoch cho cc qu nh sau :

Qu

I

II

III

IV

Sn lng

25%

25%

25%

25% Sn lng mi qu 25% ng vi 7,5 triu lt/3 thng => mi thng sn xut 2,5 triu lt => mi ngy sn xut : = 0,1 triu lt = 100.000 lt.Mi ngy lm vic 4 m => lng bia sn xut trong mi m l :

= 25.000 lt

Bng tng hp cn bng sn phm cho bia hi 10Bx

STTCh sn vCho 100kg nguyn liuCho 1000lt biaCho 1 m 25.000 ltCho 1 ngy 100.000 ltCho 1 nm 30 triu lt

1Lng MaltKg75119,772994,25119773593100

2Lng GoKg2539,9299839921197600

3Lng hoaKg0,71,127,511033000

4Lng enzym SCKg0,0250,04141200

5Men gingLt65,95106,332658,25106333189900

6Men sa ti s dngLt6,6610,63265,751063318900

7Bt tr lcKg1,9.10-31,23012036000

8Dch choLt144,35232,755818,75232756982500

9Dch MaltLt404,42652,08163026520819562400

10Dch sau ng haLt539,13859,28217328692826078400

11Lng nc ra bLt360,06580,5514513,755805517416500

12Lng b thng phmKg102164,454111,25164454933500

13Dch trc un hoaLt707,561140,8628521,511408634225800

14Dch lnh i ln menLt665,881073,6526841,2510736532209500

15Bia nonLt639,241030,725767,510307030921000

16Bia lc v bo ha CO2Lt626,461010,125252,510101030303000

17Sa menLt12,53205002000600000

18CO2 thu hiKg10,116,27406,751627488100

19CO2 b sungKg1,32,152,521063000

Bng tng hp cn bng sn phm cho bia chai 12Bx

STTCh sn vCho 100kg nguyn liuCho 1000lt biaCho 1 m 25.000 ltCho 1 ngy 100.000 ltCho 1 nm 30 triu lt

1Lng MaltKg75146,293657,25146294388700

2Lng GoKg2548,76121948761462800

3Lng hoaKg0,71,332,513039000

4Lng enzym SCKg0,0260,051,2551500

5Men gingLt55,05107,372684,25107373221100

6Men saLt5,5110,74268,51074322200

7Bt tr lcKg1,9.10-31,23012036000

8Dch choLt145,77284,327108284328529600

9Dch maltLt338,53660,28165076602819808400

10Dch sau ng haLt475,95928,3323208,259283327849900

11Lng nc ra bLt306,43

597,5414938,5

59754

17926200

12Lng b thng phmKg102,542005000200006000000

13Dch trc un hoaLt576,551124,2728106,7511242733728100

14Dch lnh i ln menLt550,461073,6526841,2510736532209500

15Bia nonLt528,441030,725767,510307030921000

16Bia lc v bo ha CO2Lt517,871010,082525210100830302400

17Sa menLt10,36205002000600000

18CO2 thu hiKg6,418,44601840552000

19CO2 b sungKg1,472,8671,528685800

CHNG 4 : TNH TON THIT B, V SINH NH XNG V THIT B.

Chn v tnh thit b theo tnh cn bng sn phm cho bia chai.I. Phn xng nu

1. nh lng nguyn liu nu v chn cn. Malt v go c nh lng 50kg/bao

Chn cn c trng lng ti a l 500 1 kg , s lng cn : 01 chic .

2. Chn my nghin.

2.1 My nghin malt.

Lng malt cn nghin trong 1 ngy (4 m) l 14629 kg. S dng my nghin 2 cp trc, thi gian lm vic ca my l 4 gi/ca, mi ngy lm vic 2 ca, thi gian nghin mi m l 2 gi, h s s dng my l 0,7. Vy lng malt cn nghin trong 1 gi l :

= 2612,3 (kg)

Khi ta chn my nghin malt nhn hiu KOCAM c thng s nh sau :

- Kch thc my : 1900 x 1040 x 1450 mm

- Nng sut :

2500 kg/h.

- Cng sut ng c :6,8 kW.

- ng knh trc :

250 mm.

- Chiu di trc :

500 mm.

- S lng my :

01 chic.

2.2 My nghin go.

Lng go ti a cn nghin trong 1 ngy l 4876 kg. Thi gian lm vic ca my l 4 gi/ca , mi ngy lm vic 2 ca, thi gian nghin mi m l 2 gi, h sswr dng my l 0,7. Vy lng go cn nghin trong 1 gi l :

= 870,7 (kg)

Do s dng my nghin ba vi cc thng s sau :

- Nng sut :

1000 kg/h.

- Cng sut ng c :

6 kW.

- Vn tc trc quay :

1500 vng/pht.

- Kch thc bung nghin :300 180.

- Kch thc my :

1200 1200 1400.

- S lng my :

01 chic3. H thng vn chuyn nguyn liu

Chn gu ti:

Chn hai gu ti vn chuyn nguyn liu cho dy chuyn nu, dng vn chuyn malt v go.

Gu ti lm vic 4 m/ ngy, mi m lm vic 1h. H s s dng ca thit b l 0,7.

* Gu ti vn chuyn malt:

Lng malt cn vn chuyn l: 3657 kg. Vy nng sut ca thit b l:

5224 kg/h

Trn c s ta chn gu ti:

Nng sut thc t: 5500 kg/h.

Chiu cao gu ti: 4m.

Cng sut ng c: 2 Kw.

* Gu ti vn chuyn go:

Lng go cn vn chuyn l: 1219 kg. Vy nng sut ca thit b l:

1741 kg/h

Trn c s chn gu ti:

Nng sut thc t: 2000 kg/h.

Chiu cao gu: 4 m.

Cng sut ng c: 2 kW.

* Chn vt ti:

Chn 1 vt ti dng vn chuyn c malt v go:

Cng sut: 5500 kg/h.

Vt liu ch to: thp khng g.

Cng sut ng c: 2kW, c hp gim tc.

4. Thit b h ha, ng ha.

Chn ni cho v ni ng ha c cu to v kch thc ging nhau c th lm vic thay th nhau, ph hp yu cu cng ngh. Ta tnh ng ha i din.

Theo tnh cn bng sn phm, lng dch malt-cho trong ni ca 1 m nu lc mi bm cho sang l :

25 = 23682,08 (l) 23,68 (m3). H s s dng ni nu l 0,75, vy th tch thc ca ni ng ha (cng l ca ni h ha) l :

32 (m3)

Chn ni 2 v, ch to bng thp khng g, thn hnh tr ng knh D, chiu cao thn H = 0,6D, y c chiu cao h= 0,1D.

Th tch ca ni c tnh :

V = Vtr + Vy = H + = 32 (m3)Tnh ra ta c :

+ D = 4 (m).

+ H = 2,4 (m).

+ h = 0,4 (m).

Ngoi ra, ni cn c :

B dy thn ni : = 5mm.

Phn bo n dy 100 mm

=> ng knh ngoi ca ni l :4000 + 100 2 = 4200 (mm) = 4,2 (m)Thng thng cnh khuy c ng knh khong 0,7 0,8D. Chn ng knh ca cnh khuy l 0,8D = 3,2 (m). Thng s k thut ca cnh khuy :+ ng knh : 3200 mm.

+ Tc khuy : 30 vng/pht

+ Cng sut ng c : 5 kW. p sut hi vo ni : 2,5 kg/cm2. Din tch truyn nhit : chn din tch b mt trao i nhit l 0,5 m2/m3 dch. Do , din tch truyn nhit l : F = 0,5 23,68 = 11,84 (m2)

5. Thit b lc dch ng.

Chn thng lc y bng, ch to t thp khng g. Thng lc c 2 y, mt y gi lm lp li lc, c h thng dao co o b. Thng thng, c 1kg nguyn liu th cho 1,2 1,4 lt b, chn 1,3 lt.Vy lng b trong mt m l :(3657,25 + 1219) 0,995 1,4 = 6307,4 (l) 6,3 (m3 )

Mun qu trnh lc din ra bnh thng th chiu cao h ca nc b phi vo khong 0,3 0,5 m, chn h = 0,4 m. Khi , din tch y thng lc s l :

Sy = = 15,75 (m2)=> ng knh thng lc l :D = = 4,5 (m)

M theo bng tng hp cn bng sn phm th lng dch hm sau ng ha trong 1 m l 23208,25 lt 23,2 m3, do chiu cao lp dch trong thng lc l :

Hdch = = 1,5 (m)

H s y thng l 70% ( Chiu cao phn tr thc ca thng l :

H = + 0,015 = 2,15 (m) Trong 0,015 : khong cch gia y v sng lc khong 10 - 15mm.

(Chn 15mm = 0,015 m )- ng knh dao co l :d = 0,7 0,8 D, chn d = 0,8 D = 0,8 4,5 = 3,6 (m)- ng c cnh khuy c cng sut : 2kW.- S vi cn thit a dch lc ra : n = = 12 (vi)

- Th tch thng lc l : Vthng lc = H = 34,18 (m3)6. Ni nu hoa.

Theo tnh cn bng sn phm, lng dch trc khi un hoa trong 1 m nu l 28,5215 (m3). H s s dng ni nu hoa l 70% ( Th tch ni nu hoa l :

V = 40 (m3)

Chn ni nu hoa l ni thn hnh tr, ch to t thp khng g ; ng knh D; chiu cao phn tr H = D; c y v np hnh cn, chiu cao tng ng l h1 = 0,2D v h2 = 0,1D.

Th tch ni nu hoa c tnh :

V = Vtr + Vy + Vnh = H + h1 + h2 = 40 (m3)=> V = D + 0,2D + 0,1D = 40 (m3)

=> 0,86 D3 = 40Tnh ton ta c :

+ D = 3,6 m , chiu dy lp bo n l 10cm = 0,1m ( ng knh ngoi ca ni un hoa l 3,6 + 2 0,1 = 3,8 m

+ H = 3,6 m

+ h1 = 0,72 m

+ h2 = 0,36 m

7. Thng lng xoy Thng lng xoy trong thc t l thng hnh tr rng vi y c dc khong 1,5oLng dch ng i vo thng lng xoy l: 26841,25 lt.

H s y ca thng l 0,7. Vy th tch ca thng:

= 38344 lt = 38,34 m3Chn thng lng xoy thn tr, ng knh D, chiu cao H = 0,8D, nh hnh nn c chiu cao h2 = 0,2D. Thng c ch to bng thp khng g.

ng bm dch vo nm cao khong 1/3 chiu cao khi dch (tnh t di ln) to dng xoy ti u.Th tch thng c tnh theo cng thc:V H = 0,628 D3 = 38,34 D = 4 m. ( H = 0,8D = 3,2 m.

h2 = 0,2D = 0,8 m.

8.Tnh v chn thit b un nc nng v lnh.Lng nc nng v lnh thng vo khong 1,5 ln so vi lng dch ng cn lm lnh.

Lng dch ng vo lm lnh l: 26841,25 lt = 26,8 m3. Vy lng nc nng v lnh cn dng cho phn xng nu l:

26,8 x 1,5 = 40,2 m3Chn 2 thng nc nng v lnh c cng th tch. H s s dng ca thng l 0,85. Vy th tch thc ca mt thng l:

23,65 m3Chn ni un nc nng l thit b 2 v c ch to bng thp khng g, thn hnh tr, ng knh D, chiu cao H = 2D, y v np chm cu c chiu cao h1 = 0,2D, h2 = 0,1D.

Th tch ca ni nc nng c tnh theo cng thc:

V = Vtr + VyV H + (h12 + 3)

V = 1,65D3 = 23,65 D = 2,4 m.

H = 2D = 4,8 m.

h1 = 0,2D = 0,48 m.

h2 = 0,1D = 0,24 m.

B dy o hi l 100 mm. Vy ng knh ngoi ca ni l:

Dn = 2,4 + 2 x 0,1 = 2,6 m.* Tnh b mt truyn nhit:

Din tch b mt truyn nhit ly bng 0,5 m2/m3 dch. Vy din tch b mt truyn nhit l:

F = x 0,5 = 10,05 m2

9. Tnh v chn h thng CIP

H thng CIP gm c 3 thng:

thng cha NaOH 2%.

Thng cha axit HNO3 0,1%.

Thng cha nc Javen 2%.

Mi m nu lng cht lng CIP = 5% th tch thng.

Chn th tch ni nu hoa lm chun cho ton b dy chuyn.

Th tch ni nu hoa l: 40 m3.

H s s dng ca thng CIP l: 0,85. Vy th tch thng CIP l:

m3Thit b c cu to thn hnh tr, ng knh D, chiu cao H = 1,5D, y v np chm cu c chiu cao h1 = h2 = 0,1D.

Th tch thng c tnh theo cng thc:

V = Vtr + VyV H + (h12 + 3)

V = 1,2D3 = 2,35 D = 1,3 m. H = 1,5D 2 m.

h1 = h2 = 0,13 m.

II. PHN XNG LN MEN. 1. Thit b ln men chnh v ln men ph

Chn thng ln men hnh tr , y cn , c khoang lnh iu chnh nhit bng glycol . Thng lm bng inox c lp bo n polythal , c h thng van, cm bin nhit, knh quan st.

T bng k hoch sn xut :

lng dch a vo ln men trong 1 ngy l 107365 (l) 107 (m3), h s cha y ca thng l 0,75. Ta c :Vthng = h1 + h2 = = 142 (m3)

Chn h2 = 2D, h4 = 0,1D, mt khc h1 = D = 0,886 D , t tnh c : + D = 3,8 m, chiu dy lp bo n l + h1 = 3,54 m

+ h2 = 8 m

+ h4 = 0,4 m Th tch phn trng c chiu cao h3 l :

Vtrng = h3= 20% Vdch = 0,2 107 = 21,4 m3.

( h3 = 1,7 m

( Chiu cao thit b l :H = h1 + h2 + h3 + h4 = 3,54 + 8 + 1,7 + 0,4 = 13,64 m Khong cch t y thng n mt sn ly bng 1 m . Do , chiu cao ton b ca thit b l : H = H + 1 = 14,64 m

- Tnh s thng ln men

Da trn chu k ln men

+ Ln men chnh : 6 ngy

+ Ln men ph : 14 ngy

( Tng thi gian l 20 ngy

( S thng ln men c tnh :

M = V

Trong :

V : th tch dch ln men trong 1 ngy

Vt : th tch dch ln men trong 1 thng

T : s ngy cho 1 chu k ln men

Mi ngy sn xut 4 m , lng dch ln men l c 4 m cho vo 1 thng ( ( V = Vt => M = 20 thng.2. Tnh thit b gy men ging

Nguyn tc chn:

- Vhu ch ca thng gy ging cp 2 bng Vdch ln men ca thng ln men chnh

- Vhu ch ca thng gy ging cp 1 bng

EMBED Equation.3 Vhu ch ca thng gy ging cp 2

Chn thng hnh tr , inox, y v np hnh chm cu, c trang b h thng sc kh , van, nhit k , knh quan st.

Thit b gy ging cp 2

Ta c : Vdch = Vtr + Vy = 107 = 10,7 (m3)Vtr = h2 . Chn Vy = 0,15 Vdch( 0,85 Vdch = h2 = 0,85 . 10,7 = 9,1 m3Chn h2 = 1,2D , h1 = h4 = 0,1 D, t tnh c :+ D = 2,13 m+ h2 = 2,56 m+ h1 = h4 = 0,21m

Phn th tch khng cha dch chiu cao h3 l :

Vtrng = 10%. Vdch = 0,1 . 10,7 = 1,1 m3 = h3 => h3 = 0,31 m

Vy chiu cao ca thit b nhn ging cp 2 l :

H = h1 + h2 + h3 + h4 = 0,21 + 2,56 + 0,31 + 0,21 = 3,29 m

2.2. Thit b gy men ging cp 1.

Cu to ging thit b gy men ging cp 2. Ta c :Vdch = Vtr cha dch + Vy = 10,7/10 = 1,07 m3Vtr cha dch = h2 Chn Vy = 0,15 Vdch

=> 0,85 Vdch = h2 = 0,85 . 1,07 = 0,91m3 Chn h2 = D, h1 = h4 = 0,1D

=> D = h2 = 1,05 m, h1 = h4 = 0,11 m Th tch phn trng khng cha dch chiu cao h3 l :Vtrng = 10% Vdch = 0,1 . 1,07 0,11 (m3) = h3( h3 = 0,13m

( Chiu cao thit b nhn ging cp 1 l :

H = h1 + h2 + h3 + h4 = 0,11 + 1,05 + 0,13 + 0,11 = 1,4 m

Chn y ca 1 thit b gy men cch sn 1m

3. Thit b ra men sa

C 1 lt sa men ti s dng th cn 3 lt nc ra ( Th tch hu dng ca thit b ra men gp 3 ln th tch sa men thu hi. Ta c :Vhu dng = 3 1074 = 3222 (l) 3,2 (m3).

H s y l 0,8, do :

Vthc = Vhu dng / 0,8 = = 4 (m3).

Chn thit b ch to t thng thp khng g, thn tr, y chm cu. Thng th H = D, h = 0,15 D. Ta c th tch thc ca thng l :

Vthc = Vtr + Vy = H + ( h2 + 3r2) = 4 (m3).

Vi D = 2r. Do ta tnh c :

+ H = D = 1,68 m

+ h = 0,25 m 4. My lc bia

Chn my lc khung bn . Lng bia cn lc trong 1 m (ng vi hao tn 2%) l 25767,5 25,8 m3 (Theo bng k hoch sn xut)

Thi gian lc ca 1 m khong 2h ( Nng sut mt lc cn thit l :

25,8 : 2 = 12,9 (m3/h)

( Chn my lc khung bn nng sut 15 m3/h

S lng my : 01 chic

5. Thit b cha bia v bo ha CO2

Chn thit b inox, thn hnh tr , y v np hnh chm cu , chiu dy = 5mm , ng dn lnh i vo ng knh = 30mm

Chn H = 1,5D , h=0,15D . H s s dng thng l 0,8

( Th tch thc ca thng l :

Vthc = 25,25/0,8 = 31,56 m3Vthc = H + 2

EMBED Equation.3

EMBED Equation.3 h= 31,56 m3( D = 2,87 m

H = 4,31 m

h = 0,43 m

Do 1 ngy c 4 m nn m bo sn xut t chn 4 thng cha bia , bo ha CO2 6. Tnh , chn thit b cho h thng CIP

Gm 4 thng : - Thng NaOH 2%

Thng Trimetal HC2%

Thng Oxonia 0,5%

Thng nc v trng

Th tch thng CIP bng 5% th tch thng ln men (Chn h s y ca thng ln men l 0,8, suy ra : Vthng ln men = Vdch / 0,8 = = 133,75 (m3) ), h s cha y ca thng CIP l 0,9, do Vthng CIP = = 7,4 m3

Chn H = 1,2D

h2 = 0,15D

h1 = 0,2 D

Ta c : VthngCIP = H +( h12 + 3r2) +(h22 + 3r2) = 7,4 (m3) (( VthngCIP = 1,04 D3 ( D = 1,92 m . Ly D =2m( H = 2,4m

h1 = 0,3 m

h2 = 0,4m

III. Phn xng hon thin.

1. Bia hi.

1.1 My ra bc.

Lng bia hi chit cao nht trong ngy l 40.000 lt, mi bc cha 50 lt, do s bc s dng ti a trong 1 ngy l :

= 800 bc/ngy.

Mi ngy lm vic 2 ca, mi ca 8 gi, h s s dng my ra l 0,8. Vy nng sut cn thit ca my l :

63 bc/h .

Vy chn my ra bc c cc thng s k thut sau :

+ Nng sut : 100 bc/h.

+ Cng sut ng c : 2,5kW.

+ Nhit nc nng : 50 550C.

+ Lng nc nng tn hao : 6m3/h

+ Kch thc my : 1500 2200 2100 mm

S lng my : 01 chic.

1.2 My chit bc.

+ Nng sut : 5 m3/h.

+ Kch thc my : 4150 1600 3850 mm.

+ Cng sut ng c : 0,8kW.

S lng my : 01 chic.

2. Bia chai.My ra chai.

Lng bia chai sn xut 1 ngy l 60.000 lt. Chai c dung tch 450 ml ( S chai cn thit dng trong 1 ngy l :

EMBED Equation.3 1333334 (chai/ngy).

My lm vic 2 ca, mi ca 8 gi, h s s dng my l 0,8 => Nng sut my ra chai l :

10417 (chai/h)( Chn my ra c cc thng s k thut sau :

+ Nng sut 15000 chai/h.

+ ng c my : 20kW.

+ Tiu hao nc 15000 lt/h.

+ Tiu hao hi : 680 kg/h.

My chit chai

Chn my c :

+ Nng sut chit 15000 chai/h.+ S vng quay : 6,5 vng/pht.

+ Liu lng chnh xc : 0,45 0,004 (l).

+ S vi rt : 36 vi.

2.3 My thanh trng

Chn my thanh trng c cc c tnh sau:

+ Nng sut: 10000 chai/h.

+ Dung tch chai: 0,5 lt.

+ Th tch b cha nc 750C: 2,8 m3.

+ Th tch b cha nc 650C: 3 m3.

+ Th tch b cha nc 350C: 2,5 m3.

+ Lng nc lnh: 6,5 m3.

+ p sut thanh trng: 2 kg/cm2.

+ Cng sut ng c bm:

B cha nc 750C: 2 kW.

B cha nc 650C: 2 kW.

B cha nc 350C: 2 kW.

2.4. My dn nhn.

Chn 1 my dn nhn c cc thng s sau:

+ Nng sut: 10000 chai/h.

+ S vng quay: 20 v/pht.

+ Tc bng chuyn: 0,5 m/s.

+ Cng sut ng c: 1 kW.IV. Tnh bm

1. Bm lc.Lng bia non cn lc ca mt thng ln men l 107 m3. Mi ngy lc 4 ca, mi ca lc 2h. H s s dng ca bm l 0,8. Vy nng sut ca bm cn dng:

N = 107 : (2 x 4 x 0,8) = 16,72 m3/h.

Chn bm ly tm c nng sut 20 m3/h; cng sut 2,8 kW; p sut 8 bar; s lng 2 chic.

2. Bm bt tr lc

Bm nh lng bt tr lc s dng loi bm pitton kt hp mng c lu lng 50 200 lt/h, c th iu chnh lu lng c. Cng sut ca bm 2 kW.

S lng: 1 chic.

3. Bm CIP cp v CIP hiChn bm ly tm c nng sut 20 m3/h. Cng sut ca bm CIP cp 2 kW v bm CIP hi 2 kW. p lc y 5 kg/cm2.

S lng: 1 chic bm CIP cp v 2 chic bm CIP hi.

CHNG 5 : TNH TON IN HI NC .

I. Tnh in cho nh my.in c cp t mng in li quc gia, c dng trong chiu sng v ng lc.

1. Tnh ph ti chiu sng.

Nh my s dng n compact vo vic chiu sng tit kim in.1.1 Cch b tr n

Trong phn xng sn xut, vic b tr n chiu sng ph thuc vo cc thng s sau :

Chiu cao treo n ph thuc vo chiu cao thit b, v tr lm vic, thng ly : H = 2,5 4,5m

Khong cch n ngoi cng n tng : l = (0,25 0,32) L.

S n b tr theo dc nh :

n1 = + 1

Trong : A : chiu di nh. (m)

- S n b tr theo chiu ngang nh:

n2 = + 1

Trong : B : chiu ngang nh. (m)

Phng php tnh ton ph ti theo cng sut ring, theo phng php ny, nu trn 1m2 sn nh c cng sut chiu sng p th ton b sn nh S c cng sut chiu sng l :

P = p x S (kW)

S n tng cng l n th cng sut mi n l :

P = .

y ta s dng loi n compact c P = 0,02Kw

1.2. Tnh ton n chiu sng

* Kho cha nguyn liu:

A = 24m; B = 12m

n1 = + 1 = 9 bng

n2 = + 1 = 5 bng

S bng trong kho nguyn liu l;

9 x 5 = 45 bng

Cng sut chiu sng:

P1 = P x N = P x n1 x n2 = 0,02 x 45 = 0,9 kW

* n chiu sng phn xng nu

Chn L = 3m, suy ra l = 0,25 x 3 = 0,75 m.

A = 30m; B = 18m

n1 = + 1 = 11 bng

n2 = + 1 = 7 bng

Tng s bng trong phn xng nu l:

11 x 7 = 77 bng

Vy cng sut chiu sng l:

P2 = P x N = p x n1 x n2 = 0,02 x 77 = 1,54 kW

* n chiu sng phn xng ln men:

- Trong nh : b tr h thng bng compact cng sut 0,02kW/bng :

A = 18m; B = 12m

n1 = + 1 = 7 bng

n2 = + 1 = 5 bng

- Ngoi tri b tr 4 gc khu cha tank ln men 4 bng cao p cng sut 1kW. Tng s bng trong phn xng ln men l:

7 x 5 + 4 = 39 bng

Cng sut chiu sng:

P3 = 0,02 x 7 x 5 + 4 x 1 = 4,7 kW

* n chiu sng phn xng hon thin:

A = 36m; B = 24m

n1 = + 1 = 13 bng

n2 = + 1 = 9 bng

Tng s bng trong phn xng hon thin l:

13 x 9 = 117 bng

Cng sut chiu sng:

P4 = P x N = p x n1 x n2 = 0,02 x 117 = 2,34 kW

* Kho thnh phm:

A = 36 m; B =18m

n1 = + 1 = 13 bng

n2 = + 1 = 7 bng

S bng trong kho cha thnh phm l:

13 x 7 = 91 bng

Cng sut chiu sng:

P5 = P x n1 x n2 = 0,02 x 91 = 1,82 kW

* Xng c in

A = 16m; B = 12 m

n1 = + 1 = 6 bng

n2 = + 1 = 5 bng

S bng trong xng c in l:

6 x 5 = 30 bng

Cng sut chiu sng:

P6 = P x n1 x n2 = 0,02 x 30 = 0,6 kW

* Phn xng ni hi:

A = 30m; B = 12 m

n1 = + 1 = 11 bng

n2 = + 1 = 5 bng

S bng trong xng ni hi:

11 x 5 = 55 bng

Cng sut chiu sng:

P7 = P x n1 x n2 = 0,02 x 65 = 1,3 kW

* Bi cha than:

A = 12m; B = 9m

Ring bi cha than, ta chn khong cch gia cc bng n l 6m

n1 = + 1 = 3 bng

n2 = + 1 = 2 bng

S bng trong bi cha than:

3 x 2 = 6 bng

Cng sut chiu sng:

P8 = P x n1 x n2 = 0,02 x 6 = 0,12 kW

* Trm bin p:

A = 6m; B = 6m

n1 = + 1 = 3 bngn2 = + 1 = 3 bngS bng trong trm bin p:

3 x 3 = 9 bng

Cng sut chiu sng:

P9 = P x n1 x n2 = 0,02 x 9 = 0,18 kW

* Kho v chai, bock:

A = 36m; B = 18m

n1 = + 1 = 13 bng

n2 = + 1 = 7 bng

S bng trong kho v chai, bock:

13 x 7 = 91 bng

Cng sut chiu sng:

P10 = P x n1 x n2 = 0,02 x 91 = 1,82 kW

* Gara t:

A = 20m; B = 12m

n1 = + 1 = 7 bng

n2 = + 1 = 5 bng

S bng trong gara t:

7 x 5= 35 bng

Cng sut chiu sng:

P11 = P x n1 x n2 = 0,02 x 35 = 0,7 kW

* Nh lnh v thu hi CO2:

A = 18m; B = 12m

n1 = + 1 = 7 bng

n2 = + 1 = 5 bng

S bng trong nh lnh v thu hi CO2:

7 x 5 = 35 bng

Cng sut chiu sng:

P12 = P x n1 x n2 = 0,02 x 35 = 0,7 kW

* Nh hnh chnh:

A = 24m; B = 12m

n1 = + 1 = 9 bng

n2 = + 1 = 5 bng

S bng trong nh hnh chnh 2 tng:

2 x 9 x 5 = 90 bng

Cng sut chiu sng:

P13 = P x n1 x n2 = 0,02 x 90 = 1,8 kW

* Hi trng :

A = 30m; B = 18m

n1 = + 1 = 11 bng

n2 = + 1 = 7 bng

S bng trong hi trng :

11 x 7 = 77 bng

Cng sut chiu sng:

P14 = P x n1 x n2 = 0,02 x 77 = 1,54 kW

* Nh n ca:

A = 24m; B = 12m

n1 = + 1 = 9 bng

n2 = + 1 = 5 bng

S bng trong nh n ca:

9 x 5 = 45 bng

Cng sut chiu sng:

P15 = P x n1 x n2 = 0,02 x 45 = 0,9 kW

* Nh gii thiu sn phm:

A = 18m; B = 12m

n1 = + 1 = 7 bng

n2 = + 1 = 5 bng

S bng trong nh gii thiu sn phm:

7 x 5 = 35 bng

Cng sut chiu sng:

P16 = P x n1 x n2 = 0,02 x 35 = 0,7 kW

* Nh xe p, xe my:

A = 24m; B = 9m

n1 = + 1 = 9 bng

n2 = + 1 = 4 bng

S bng trong nh xe p, xe my:

4 x 9 = 36 bng

Cng sut chiu sng:

P17 = P x n1 x n2 = 0,02 x 36 = 0,72 kW

* Nh v sinh, tm git:

A = 18m; B = 6m

n1 = + 1 = 7 bng

n2 = + 1 = 3 bng

S bng trong nh v sinh, tm git:

7 x 3 = 21 bng

Cng sut chiu sng:

P18 = P x n1 x n2 = 0,02 x 21 = 0,42 kW

* Phng y t:

Dng 3 bng compact cng sut 0,02W

Cng sut chiu sng:

P19 = 0,02 x 3 = 0,06 kW* Khu x l nc thi t 4 gc 4 n 100W ( tng cng sut l :

P20 = 4 x 0,1 = 0,4 kW

* n chiu sng ng i trong nh my :

C 100m b tr 1 bng. S bng khong 30 bng. Bng n dng trong chiu sng ng i dng bng cao p 200WCng sut chiu sng:

P21 = 0,2 x 30 = 0,6 kW. * n chiu sng phng bo v : 2 bng compact cng sut 20W => Tng cng sut :

P22 = 0,0,2 x 2 = 0,04 kW Vy tng in nng chiu sng l :

PCS = = 29,3 (kW)BNG TNG HP CC B PHN DNG N CHIU SNG

STTB phn chiu sngS bng (ci)Cng sut (kW)Tng cng sut (kW/h)

1Phn xng nu770,021,54

2Phn xng ln men

350,024,7

41

3Phn xng hon thin1170,022,34

4Kho cha nguyn liu450,020,9

5Kho thnh phm910,021,82

6Xng c in300,020,6

7Phn xng ni hi550,021,3

8Bi cha than, x60,020,12

9Trm bin p90,020,18

10Kho v chai, bock910,021,82

11Gara t350,020,7

12Nh my lnh v thu CO2350,020,7

13Nh hnh chnh900,020,18

14Hi trng770,021,54

15Nh n ca450,020,9

16Nh gii thiu sn phm350,020,7

17Nh xe p, xe my360,020,7

18Nh v sinh, tm git210,020,42

19Phng bo v (3 phng)180,020,36

20Phng y t200,020,4

21n ng300,26

22Khu x l nc thi40,10,4

Tng (Pcs)

2. Tnh ph ti sn xut

Gm cc ng c my mc hot ng di tc dng ca ng lc

BNG CNG SUT CC THIT B TRONG NH MY

STTTn thit bCng sut nh mc Wm (KW)S lngTng cng sut (KW/h)

1Gu ti0,810,8

2My nghin malt6,816,8

3My nghin go616

4Ni h ha (ng ha)515

5Thng lc212

6My lc bia4,514,5

7My ra bock2,512,5

8My chit bock0,810,8

9My ra chai717

10My chit chai212

11My dp nt2,512,5

12My thanh trng2,812,8

13My dn nhn0,810,8

14Bm ly tm51365

15My lnh275150

16My nn40140

Tng cng298,5

Ngoi nhng thit b my mc k trong nh my cn c cc loi ph ti ng lc khc nh: qut ht, qut y, trm x l nc, xng c in

Tt c ly bng 15% ph ti ng lc k trn.Vy tng in nng tiu th cho sn xut l :

PSX = 298,5 + 15 x 298,5 = 4776 (kW)Do , tng in nng tiu th ton nh my l :

P = PCS + PSX = 29,3 + 4776 = 4805,3 (kW)3. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton.

Mc ch ca vic xc nh ph ti tnh ton tc l xc nh cng sut thc t ca nh my nhm tnh ton v chn my bin p v my pht in cho ph hp.

Cng thc xc nh ph ti tnh ton:

Ptt = Kc x Pl

Trong :

Kc: L h thng ph thuc mc mang ti ca thit b

+ i vi ph ti chiu sng th Kc = 0,9

+ i vi ph ti ng lc th Kc = 0,6

Vy ph ti tnh ton ca ton nh my l:

Ptt = Pcs x 0,9 + Pl x 0,6 = 29,3 x 0,9 + 4776 x 0,6 = 2892 (kW)4. Xc nh cng sut v dung lng b4.1. Xc nh h s cng sut Cos

H s cng sut Cos dng xc nh ph ti lm vic thc t l cng sut ng thi ca cc thit b mang ti, tc l rt him hay khng c ch lm vic ca ph ti theo mc tnh ton trn.

Nu ch lm vic theo tnh ton nh mc th:

Cos =

: Tng cng sut cc thit b tiu th in

: Tng cng sut phn khng ca cc thit b tiu th in

= P1tg1 + + Pntgn

Thc t thng lm vic non ti nn h s Cos c tnh nh sau:

Cos =

Ptb= Kc x Pcs + K x Pl

Trong :

Pl = 4776 kW

K: H s ph ti ng lc, K = 0,6

Pcs = 29,3 kW

Kc: H s ph ti chiu sng, Kc = 0,9

Ptb= Pcs x 0,9 + Pl x 0,6 = 29,3 x 0,9 + 4776 x 0,6 = 2892 (kW)

Qph = Ptb . tg

Vi Cos = 0,65 th -> tg = 1.169

Nn Qph = 2892 x 1.169 = 3381 (kW)

Do :

Costb = = 0,654.2. Tnh dung lng b

Mc ch l nng h s Cos bng cch dng t in

Cng thc xc nh dung lng b:

Qb = Ptb (tg1 - tg2)

tg1: Tng ng vi Cos1 h s cng sut ban u

tg2: Tng ng vi Cos1 h s cng sut c nng ln khi c thm t in.

Ta c:

Cos1 = 0,65 -> tg1 = 1,169

Cos2 = 0,95 -> tg2 = 0,329Nn Qb = 2892 x (1,169 0,329) = 2429 kW.5. Chn my bin p

Sba = = = 4449 (KVA)

Chn my bin p c c tnh k thut sau:

Kiu my :

TM450/6

Cng sut :

450 KVA

in p :

6 KV

Tn hao khng ph ti

1,9 K

Tn hao ngn mch

6,2 KW

in p h

386/220

Kch thc

1950 x 1200 x 1700 mm

Trn c s ta chn my pht in c c tnh sau:

Cng sut :

320 KVA

in p nh mc

400V

Tn s

50 Hz

H s cng sut

Cos

6. Tnh in tiu th hng nm

6.1. in nng dng cho thp sng

Acs = Pcs x T x Kk (kW/h)

Trong :

Pcs: L cng sut chiu sng =

Kk: L h s ng thi, Kk = 0.9

T: L thi gian s dng ti a

T = K1 x K2 x K3

K1: S gi chiu sng trong ngy K1 = 12 gi

K2: S ngy lm vic trong thng K2 = 25 ngy

K3: S thng lm vic trong 1nm K3 = 25 thng

Vy: Acs = 29,3 x 12 x 25 x 12 x 0,9 = 94932 kW.

Cng sut tiu th bnh qun:

6.2. in nng cho ng lc

Al = Pl x Kc x T (kW/h)

Trong :

Pl: l cng sut ng lc, Pl = 4776

Kc: l h s ng thi, Kc = 0.6

T: thi gian s dng ti a

Lm vic 2 ca th T = 7 x 2 x 25 x 12 = 4200 gi/nm

Trung bnh trong nh my th:

2/5 ng lc chnh, ph hot ng 2 ca

Ta c:

Al = 2/5 x 4776 x 0,6 x 4200 = 4814208 kW.

6.3. Tng cng sut tiu th c nm

A = Km x (Acs + Al)

Km: l h s tn hao trn mng h p, Km = 1,05

( A = 1,05 x (94932 + 4814208) = 5.154.597 kW.II. TNH HI.

1. Tnh nhit cho ni cho.

Trong qu trnh nu cho, nhit c iu chnh nh sau :

500C (gi 20 pht) ( 900C (gi 30 pht) ( 1000C (gi 40 pht).

Ta tnh nhit ca hi un nng theo cng thc :

Q = G.C.T

Trong :

G : khi lng dch cho ca 1 m nu (kg)

C : Nhit dung ring ca cho :

C = C1 . + C2 .

Vi C1 : nhit dung ring ca cht ha tan, C1 = 0,34 (Kcal/kg.0C)

C2 : nhit dung ring ca nc nu, C1 = 1 (Kcal/kg.0C)

W : hm lng nc trong dch cho (%), W = 83,33 %

T tnh c :

C = 0,34 x + 1 x = 0,9 (Kcal/kg.0C)

Lng nhit cung cp nng nhit dch cho t 500.C ( 1000.C l :

Q11 = G.C. = 8005,8 x 0,9 x (100 50) = 360261 (Kcal)

Lng nhit duy tr dch cho 900C trong 30 pht v 1000C trong 40 pht (coi lng nc bay hi trong ton b qu trnh bng 5% khi lng dch) l :

Q12 = i x W

Trong :

i : nhit hm ca hi nc, i = 540 (Kcal/kg)

W : lng nc bay hi (kg).Do :

Q12 = 540 x 8005,8 x 5% x ( + ) = 252182,7 (kcal)=> Tng lng nhit tiu tn cho ni cho trong 1 m l :

Q1 = Q11 + Q12 = 360261 + 252182,7 = 612443,7 (kcal)2. Tnh nhit cho ni ng ha.Trong qu trnh ng ha, nhit c iu chnh nh sau :

50 530C (gi 20 pht) ( 63 650C (gi 30 pht) ( 1000C (gi 20 pht)

( 750C .

Ta c :

Nhit lng a nhit dch t 500C ( 1000C l :

Q21 = G.C. = 25103 x (100 50) = 1129635 (kcal)

Nhit lng duy tr nhit dch 650C trong 30 pht, 1000C trong 20 pht (coi lng nc bay hi bng 2% khi lng dch) l:Q22 = i x W = 540 x 25103 x ( + ) = 225927 (kcal)

=> Nhit lng dng cho qu trnh ng ha trong 1 m l :

Q2 = Q12 + Q22 = 1355562 (kcal)3. Tnh nhit cho ni nu hoa

Lng dch ng trc khi un hoa trong 1 m l : G = 36160,5 (kg). Sau khi lc, nhit dch ng khong 750. Qu trnh nu hoa nhit tng t 750C ( 1000C , gi trong 60 pht. Do phi cung cp mt nhit lng l :

Q31 = G.C. = 36160,5 x 0,9 x (100 75) = 813611,25 (kcal)

Nhit lng duy tr nhit dch 1000C trong 60 pht (coi lng nc bay hi bng 5% lng dch) l :

Q32 = i x W = 540 x 36160,5 x 5% x = 976333,5 (kcal)=> Nhit lng cho nu hoa trong 1 m l :

Q3 = Q31 + Q32 = 1789944,75 (kcal)4. Tnh nhit cho ni un nc nng

Lng nc nng cn cho 1 m bao gm : nc cho ni cho, ni ng ha, nc ra b v nc v sinh ( lng nc v sinh chim 10% lng nc dng) :

G = (26753,9 + 14938,5) x 1,1 = 45861,64 (kg)=> Nhit lng cho ni nc nng trong 1 m l :

Q4 = G.C. = 45861,64 x 1 x (80 25) = 2522390,2 (Kcal)

5. Tnh lng nhit thanh trng bia chai.

Lng bia thanh trng trong 1 m l 25000 lt, nng nhit t 200C ( 650C :

Q5 = G.C. = 25000 x 1,0375 x (65 20) = 1167187,5 (k